$8lt

national bureau

July 1

NBS PROJECT

1003-20-4333

OF STANDARDS REPORT

to Sept. 30 , 1954 NBS REPORT

3635

PROGRESS REPORT ok engine AIR cleaning

by

Carl W. Coblents

UoqHt, (

t

an<5 Air Conditioning Section

niiVi dim? Technology Division

to

»«“• 58"'“

<NBS>

U. s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

In part, Is prohibited Approved for public release by t ie

:andards, Washington Director of the National Institute ot sport has been speclfi- Standards and Technology (N 1ST) ePort for its own use. on October 9,2015.

The publication, re

unless permission ii

25 . D. C. Such pet

cal ly prepared If t

k visit nmv) »-3<Se to the Cadillac f'otor Car ’i vision,

arc at 'elreit f Hichi pan g to and abstract the report on their invest i&atlen of en&ine wesr twing t*o dusts

of 0 to 2-1/1? • 4 oraa and 0 to 40 afteros dee respectively#

This report had not bean published and no copies were mil*

able but the go pm

f

eonaeeted to hivinsr It examined and

abetrneted#

Th* tiMis ware conducted on an $»tyUnder tank m •• in#

with a ard r-5 oil-bath air cleaner, with aae without

using a preelewter# It ms found that only dust n->.rticl«.f

of I#s^ than 2—1/2 aderon at*# would pass the oil-bath air

cleaner. Tt m$ that the efficiency of the standard

oil -hath air elaanar alone averaged 9 • but with the addition of a ilfjl efficient freclearer ohe overall off i«y

dropped to 9$«#£ while l«n thenln; the service period of the

o11-bath cleaner Atteut three tines* The ^sorr’wi? advanced

that the precleaner breaks up the 1 arg^r dost particles ^ivinf the oil-bath cleaner «sere fine duet to handle • It is

the fine dust part lei e* that pass the oil-bath cleaner, t> us

decreasing the overall efficiency*

In order to obtain a set sly of dust sisdlsr to that

tmme in the absolute filter cloth used dur1r~ th<* afr cleaner testa a 0 to 2-1/2 ai cron dust from the Phoenix, rlsona

area was specially prep red by the A# C . Spark 1 «

•
i- tifi -5*0 «**}*( •*> os ®*>*« *«* 0*»** 1

~rt «.«?# tftt'mAi S»«* ,*in!l8 M r

’ c

s#8#S •«• *ele» law eaisao to nct»*3»#»«*ol » **•«

9»m»i **is M»t< « •» 0 aotsl t S\X-S o# 0 lo

Ml.,0* ne.ntXt®-*? .1* M »Sb»<vmo rto« »<«*»

eeieJEttits OOUfc tisto 5«sW -MBsot >t .T*ftaoX0VM[ » *“***

tie «t4»«4-X.io all #*;<? »to*» '•*'**? i\W n**-S 8B*X to

b-a •»«* odJ to o.ir »*if» »«• JI wools

_t>a orf* aUio «0«f JR.«* fco**-*e®* ®e»l* ’X*

sfiJ ia ootnoo «ts •.**"*<• i ooi »XM»> ® :: i,w>’*b

II oow o« .owmU ***** »-* *“*X» * WUX •*•

«t #t .slbrtsd at Mat ouit «Mp <m***i» <*o*-Ito •** 5«1

M i .tameXo Weif-Xlo oi«0 a«»i X.lU *4SfS 411 11

^

0»i{» «< tsXXoXo Oooh la tt*«m o aft** oO 'le'-io **

-**.!• tl* ort* **•»* *•«» «***• wm *,aIo*<- •** Bi
CM* *%r *t$m% mme>9 an4 of bust in the

Inlet air thie v- ry fine <iu»f was found to cauu;a 32i leva

top cylinder WMr and 6$# !*»• tat' piston ring wed** then

0 to 40 wtcron dust of ih® wane ert^in*

It mass! else iVunb that Otet eattrl&c tbs creator ee

effected the beerIt: g* t pietc* skirts an I oil ring* aero

than the dust cut**!*#; the Induction eystea* The letter

is reeiwuteifcle for More, wear at the top of the cylinder#

and pistons above the eoKpreeftien riage*

4 ehre&e~pleted eeapre »eie& rind In the upper ;:rocve

0eer#u*eA the mmt at the top of the cylinder euffleicatly

to dialnote the taper ordinarily encountered in the top

inch of plat •

. jvcI* The weep with it* chrome ^

yreaeioa aria/* ranged from 10 to 22 percent of that observed

with conventional riege* the war of the second co*.r*rcs ion

ring end the oil .ring me not afi acted by ekve&ewpletlRg the

top ring* 4 ehre&e-pleted oil fits* resulted In iacruaeeO

war by thie ris*?* taaetfaetiuring di faculties wake it v, ... difficult to fostrol the eocureey of the ohro®e«*pl -ited oil

ring) r* editing in high ©.11 eonemption • The ? iphar oil cc>r.- auction result# la a heavier oil fUn oa cylinder walls

which earriee sore nfcraeive and r* suit# in greater wear*

•hen duet was fed directly Into the crankcase the cylinder wear was much laore uniform from top to bottom} there *«».>
' ' - i J

' 3? m*i v W ** - Jfr* #»** r* ? ft- "st- 9* Ittl

m. f -i- m «ni*i at»«i «p«4 frf '' lfC& hr i# -w «fi

; -Hr:, qofr

» ? tw '• ft !-.1. "Is *n*r a *s; ? (\i -t 0

. ^JN*£gar dtlaik #4^ *$& (O/W.0%

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**0A$*i m* #£»**•'** m-i&mbai rdj i«l v- iw >($#$> **H **&$

:.- \; -V:J f §•-•.: -

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«»*.*!* *.tjr sr-*>ri^ • bm

i,vm*£- «i*%m *£& «U a»** rai* * vi? <o» !>#**£ ••-*•#* -m’;- A

l>

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emo'irio

#* $£ h%7«&i <*H «olwfW

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' r -•• ' <!*

(Md x& *>&$**. 1# .?** &#*' %*s>H i-ft v--’ 5a.-4 ri «h

«1 *•£«> £***»'•• ~

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lift *&•* 1© ^*5 • ^ 5 ft!4-'4 &S ’ U»

> 1 iti&

«M» lio ia4|ld »iff .ntsZue^ 4 £f»H

3U,1^ Hfttoatlf* w stli'* £*• • « '

(£ ? ? tv v 1 •**», i Sfi «*&<*#« ** **Ji •• ;-T":« tv>l i #11mD *&•'**

•c *!<?-» « • t^4 nfa-.-*** #«£# &3v - " . «•?• w ' *> *1 # - •• *»• •

•,» j | rx*'?* f#.x*4c4 4<rrt 3«- • tfti/ §1W iWE fAW t»w t*fe
3

3k *0 mr st the top of the rir travel susk ^or«? ...t t? @

better. The piston v^ar ms erneh greater, particularly at

the bottom of the skirt and, while the pistes ring wear %8

better, the oil ring had worn rueb ssiorc then the top cox-.- presaieu rim • T

1 • b^sHr/ wear was extremely high# v » er*»

as the 'blow-fey was excessive when the tfttat eras fed into the

induction eyetes because or the pint and cylinder wear,

it regained reasonable when the £«»t ms fee into rJh* crank*

case* The oil concunptleit wan higher in latter case, probably

because of the piston and besrlaf. clearances, The <Si.f; trance

in wearing characteristic* resulting fro® -dust *r,terlin - the

eraafco&ne -.nc its intake mifold shemid provide a very ntefVi

basic for &&alyslnfr the causes of wear in & badly worn engine.

While in et-relt, it wsa considered advantagectui to visit

the x, • ";r irk f

rlm, Oivls!oe f IX tr, lint, inti -an, sln -

thls ftlvi.*i n build• arid teats all *ir cleaners for tie *ear r? .:.

' otorn Corporation* The 11 vis Ian has recently concluded a

contract with the Continental Kotor Corporation to develop an

air cleaner for r-eJicor>t err* Toy sere, therefore, reluctant

to discus* this problem,

Jlouever, they shewed the rational Bureau of ^wandard*

repr- • or., -.tit s *n air '"liter prege?iti; •. <w; .'nr r* ; co : ».«»•*

conei sting of a wire nook panel one Inch I k which they bed

received from Continental Meter Corporation, They consider-- •;' t i
- e: -

® U Ur*J% 'i-frl »; ’«f «-'"• * •*44 ** **£>* >e -^

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£1$ *

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••Rift** vfHMPr * .811 Wf &* MMMK f4&,.^UsaclME» 1«t ftJtftW*

4Ki.* 04 ^..,? l ^a. od S •?.••* <.? ,:!»••? 4* M

8 .. /£* .,*?:, i,-- ‘t vl.iii-- •• - , ; - "

'

£

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v

. *»14 ’lol t. ’I *> 3ft > .t.E> "1 ££ -’ ' • 4V. " ; - & “ v i: * '’'

£, ';. :.-i: .j xiz-m>n**z y -

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*** f.i 44 *«r*r£b 04

#**»& «**'- i-v?- t<>

'4

V*A vj#»i:i>4 %0 * $1 •**,«* i,?:.***:**' ' *U»SV "lift • •- * •- ••'i' <

, .«, J

•'.'- **--i t r,? :*«' * ' ' v ‘

*#$4* -/*©«*&•• \*w *-#*• *m»v l*aa& feV4 JififfflW
- 4 -

filter iii»<*o*ti&t« in of fiolonojr *» &oi . «?tm hold©#

capacity*

T#at« of tho ittumthuM outomofeiso ©il-bath air element

&l he k. U *r-.-;rk Flog f idsie« l « w#ro r*|4 to show IDO

'

ft.f tcftncy on <haat p&r&tolm freetor thm 100 mitmm in dizmter. nomror, thef itero trying to iwproTo tho filtering

of 'Icicficy for vtry si&oXl portioloo*

v>::# air elites toot apparatus used fe> this lot i©»

•i,

._ , * X , . ... r-. . o»or«lly conform# to tkt £o*orlb»d la my ipeoific^ticr

f0-21 • Inquiries r#gorging tbo ofTootivoaoirs of a flumol

cloth is an a^oluto filter for sir clmmr toots were maswer-

^4 with t^o igfoftiatioii that this cloth ciil rotai* ob^ut

of all dust tfe&t p&saec? throu.‘fe tho tost filter that they

M4 mt *r*r of any bettor Mortal for tho pu#?oso. Tho onrinoor vh© Offejpatatf tfeti tost Opparottio rscoftaanderi that at

loots thro. tofts war rneM imiUim should be mt* to ©bf *tn * *•* ****•*£• value* 1%o MvisSon ms tug up a tost

*•*•«*»• **• of * Farr*- -*tio oyclcnic tyr>* ffttor

a F-t #010000* with a flannel eietfe after filter*

Ul.j£lftGLJ£_8lfe.fr U^tUBM^33^MEirm.. » oar

'hf» test rtsalts of the only two otbor Inrostl atians

w,kli * cn th® of m&im war «ro suttaarisod in the follow

i»f pages*
~ l

m

,„J t9* fc* .. Cl*, ** «*»*•*«• *1 •fW**** Wir:

'****•

* fci* r***© «*»**** W*1 *** ,a ** *** **

, ,<*|,w U*-'» !•** ' lCi v 'J;,; **

' „«,» •: I...: <•* '••' •

.A «*** ***** ** 2

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, i f ..... B J { • J> <»"* ' ;;1 ‘ • * ’

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„!<». ****** •»   ** w . ..« »*„„**. ,ti—— «»* « *• ••«***' *“*

- t^dw **5 "• •*«*

.

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• 5 *

At* £• ?• O f Harrow ©f the Alii alburn kt f%. .•©. inr^st i 'ft ted the wear of an eftgla* with wtt cylinder

sleeve* duo to duets of thro* else 4X&* tifiectloee and

trm thrm differ*®* 9$m$«« Although tit* ^nicul anelysia

of the du, te «oli«*t*d[ frost the fe&t ieltf,

fr©» ?hoeniMt Arises*, a*ri firm t. Anthony, Idaho* varied

widely ;s to '-hair cent-e&t ©f filial, Silxmtnu and ferric

*3dtd* -and ©loo ir. 1©** on i teitism, ' -r* ’Furrow wa;? tsr;*fcle

to <-f>»te*t &sy «o*T*l'*tioR W$w**& the oh«wi**l ©apposition

of the dttst* and t&* rate at irhieh t-b*y wasty to th*

engine*

wee sett* difference In umir prodifc?#* by doit* of

**»• •**** «*£• hut of dlfform origin*. The

ealieeted -t test Allis and at "t* Anthony, Idaho, oromorally high** rates of **r*r tilt* dttet orl J Bating 1;

th* Fhoonlx, Ariste's err*, it. spit* #f the feet th*t higher

*•*•« of oofiJi* w»er are fcfiefc &«!»iM£*r#4 In the HhnwIv area

during aetsel use of on; i&esW these teste ied* ootid that tMs

iis not because the i'boonlx dust 1® ®ore abrasive, but. apparently

becsu®* the air *ro:-ai* Fbee&ix eortef n« ,«or* of the fine oust

r'*rniel«i th-at are not effectively eau h* by the air «leoners*

; **• &• of the Australian eronautie^l ?: ©search

laboratories drew the fallowing eonelo«ies«s fra* his tastsj
•49 yt«t v.r ,

$%• ita <w*\v 1 to l© tjs#vf m$.$ >f<sl

b. •*•-.

! If *s:« **•.« ft le» ft.v*.= * *?£ Ml ( WmIb

dft ftrfcft %£#*»&? JU ft-smin lfilf«ll!l ftftT-rfj ttcftl

|W#I?4 ftftftf *4ft fMftfr isa^otiiiw •#’>& ftiii 1©

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7 if 0# •»©•* ‘mmur’. ¥»**$ {ft t H ** * : &’* '• •;/.: -V

- ; *kft

1© Igtf tMftftSHmg *fcftftW «1 feNSt : .££> ©&©• ft*V ft *1*7

£-:•*:• «*£* tl*s# ft*f* \#nt* 1 told «Sfc - rftift 9 .\ .«•-: . ' S».V

*C-1 •• ^.Wtl t %nbi:tn , 1 feft®

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•*.*,•: vu'> ••« turf g «flftiatod* •£ ft -oik '7-^ct-. *» iSwt el

- ?al\ nil to cPftftft «rt;’ ! ft / lw> il ., *dft ftftflUft©*

*«**»«••£© ilsii *4$ aNti'-ftftt i>v£ iftftlto ftoa *•*#* toil ftaXftlnr*^

4ft*rMM»*^ Xft&lftVltfiftt* w

*

• •'•'! "'••f i:-.' .-'tJ t:; i- i'Vi> . . #3 *'1#

ft 14 «0irt ftiiftltovfft -Mftft i^vJhiffti'Iefll #to ftftJhw4»iift4fti
* 6 -

a* '•'him iat i« fed fee m~ im c v.athtxly at a oderate rate the wear at the top of the cyl'a* er and the aver*

M* ejrliafer wear era ^rmnrti "ral to the amount of ruat fed*

The wear of the top e« prelim ring® In also proport i .•?$&!

tc th* dust fad, but with alloy a preliminary Tortf

titlurs pJbe* *0 thfet tfe» fln&l e&&ng« in <4sm4&«ii» is net fn«*

dioi-.tlw •! tile wear* The totel wei| tot of »etel worm from

the cylinder wall#, piston nnd rings is p«H>f«rtl*nal to the

weight of duet fed for * wide r\ftse of wear.

b* *ne higher the dust fe*& rate the lees wear i produced r.*r unit weight of dust* tlftder the •' one of the

t ••:•?*# the ratio the t -tel metal •rear to the ar^mt >f oust

fad d««raised fro® 1#£ to 1*0 x*\m the duet concent* •:&!?** *as

lat^sed fro^ 1 mg per en.ft, to # n§ per eu* ft.

o. cth-r footers beir.g e^«al , the wear rrodneed fev a

eiw-n % eight of d«»t depeMto on the slse of the cu t. '"he

aesf set* tear occurs with a dust sis* of about 15 sd erons, the

wear with 100 mirror dust 'feeing «lr>ut half that of 15 r.icroa

«u*8.

0oar?*e dfcet pertlelee larger than 100 microns are

easily removed aerodyiuuslcelly* The less easily retained fine

particle*, n?-m to Is.* thrift one micron sire* •shaul- be prevented f rot? entering th# engine if wear is to fee kept to a

iiirinmir*
-*> d -

Umirm •** •* wr* f-t *'«•> ’ *» <«* *':j »• w vrt

PM« U*«. » t** •* **»»~ *" 10 "1W“’

«t «t a *»** *a« « -!i •XX**

..v «1 SV*. : -«' i M. '1 ’"»•>' *' • b ' ! 1 * *' ,« 1o w, «4* m***: ***** ***“ WA

s

l, e.c <i .x . ^

, MW .MKmUi U »»** *> **»* •fs ! “ f; Ai ‘ •'w,3<> ‘w*»*"*u*“

.in XT M MRii, OW «Ar > #*‘**X >TMb **'u*s

«oi*i< «.'* mo*' - *X °* "* s '

* M .<* « *1 •«#. U M*»»» -4* *•**•*» 011 5S""*T
- 7 -

SgaflXto.*jaa

The three ns on engine wear, due to duet,

vfeibfc h ••; m bf*m arBarite# ^bfsve &m! which are the only

on#i? v.novn to Have bH8 e«#a on tM* subject, to *t:be, eorer

only a few of the -or ible eari-blo* #

'"' >efore t the to

fcvtevlegge of the effect of dust oertiele bite* to# eoncer*

r ? * ••• t

-'• *•;' • • * -mmr is rather H •'* ft fdrht mm

I I larger ; ^ -

concentration the hneeier t;--o wear* On the other h ••'«<?, it

la crnl-be ISJcely that i •• rge particle® in of 100 faieron

Ms* will not rorce their my into the interstices between

if too aod cylinder an# are ejected the •nhatiet v4th~

out c^oalaf rntch wear? m€ particle* b*4ew 1 Moron alee, or

*o, do not bridge the oil film m<* thus promt*, a lumping

#£-vot rather than ao ebreete* one, hut etui to It hat bean

tfeova that the nrommee of ay&all ^article* ‘miens the oil

f ia*

The reroyoI of the l&rge g«et particles fnem the Indue*

tioa air can he tecoanlish*.*# with practically 100€ ef-'icirncy

v^ith j: ectarute difficulty whereas the fire '-<!> rtlel^s wh oh still ***** ec.nait -,r Able w**r are h-rd o colkcv- in a eircple filter*

J&SttJfcCJ.tberatory ~ork

‘'he assembly of the i?*t *< fsaretue w«* «e**rl*ted about

3*pt# l«l* Teste are now being conducted to determine the
«#**«& •# *£r-

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ntir,fll*lt» *t\ «fc*#laiX *tt<test *i i*«w tafona * ,j „„ aci#ciff

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.*© X - tt 0gt» ‘,mm *+rm*t6 £&»«• t> •*«*«^<* jerf*

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'; *9Wd. i CMfc «ysl «*f»X «J& 1© CaVOS®! «<f

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u r* rt®-‘ *«x*t*wi #*ii a*u *M«Ar »#**•**.« ifirtw

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•' ; ** • - i‘i ’•<'* ft .. •« miflif'Mi Jft*# 1® yXii -« 3f»:S #rff

•

; • • '» ff W IMM** »»?©• it! hi rfts i :>* #<j*
• « •

operational ehafnet- rletlte of a stenderd 300 ©fas squirrel

e*&* blewer that tea# been modified %o work ass a rotating

filter or i r*3cX#»»#r in mtmr&mm with the experience obto 1 n«d -with a email fl lot model* Beside# the peseitele desirability for tan additonal strutter®! the

preheat tost# will fmmish Infermtion so to the efficiency

of the filter at different rotor speed#, blew»dewn ratios,

air flow rat«*t dnet concentrations and the effect of duete

of dif ©rent fineness* *he eteservntions wada to date are

iteoepUtt, bat the efficiency of the rotating filter appear*

to be aeeeiclMkt bet or th*a t< at reported in the literature

for other preeleener# and the pa^eeure drop is mmi$< r&tely

lee* than for the cyclonic type filter* ffee resalt a will be

pro sente ed in the next pro -mm report*

After the testa with the ret filter are ee~-lsted

the helicopter engine, which gust arrived here from v b* 111,

Oklateeae, will be analysed for tenses eff excess wear*

The ^rceurement of a. rood esttnerelel air cleaner epriicablcto helicopter use ten# been peatponed until inferneteien it ot*

tallied regard! <•*£ the epefiftcatl -ra contemplated for such *o t—

ntnte* It is considered desirable that a eesaserclal air cleaner

be tested h^re to compere Its p®rt®tmnm with the present concepts of the duty expected of helicopter air clesncrs*

r>
• I •

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i *.» ,tHi» $d a,-.*# ? 4 tad* aa •©£•• ©;,*s

->v- vv:n;^» #$*. #A^ «o&. ^i-r •**© t##Itt

t*4 ,^:i 4# Immmns -.5 -ic $a •>• -vx.a:f i«1 t

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gaiter ay ’v—-*v tv ,?•:••<*;* *s<vj«nj ju^- .-: trr;i ;

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sxt t£ •

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ati:<t»v-T lE-^Si -1 ,:-r: *j?g T;; fftr:* >0 ; '> *:U £frf ,#4 i>- <*»*:

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