PAUL D. HURD,

and E GORTON LINSLE]

Parasitic Bees

of the Genus

' Holcopasites Ashmead

(Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 114
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 114

Paul D. Hmd, jr. Parasitic Bees

and E. Gorton Linsley r , i ^

Holcopasites Ashmead

(Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

1972
ABSTRACT

Hurd, Paul D., Jr., and E. Gorton Linsley. Parasitic Bees of the Genus Holcopasites

Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 114, 41 pages, 16 figures, 1 table. 1972.—Fifteen species of the formerly rare,

parasitic Nearctic bee genus Holcopasites are recognized from North America. These

bees, which are parasitic in the nests of other bees (Andrenidae) have been evaluated on morphological, distributional, and biological bases.

This study is a systematic revision of the species known to occur in the United

States, Canada, and Mexico and contains keys, illustrations, and descriptions for the

identification of the species. Complete distributional, biological, and synonymical data

are provided together with discussions involving their taxonomy. Host-parasite relationships involving eight of the species are presented.

New taxa are Holcopasites apacheorum, H. bigibbosus, H. bohartorum, H. cazieri,

H. rozeni, and H. tegularis. Odontopasites Linsley is declared a synonym of Trichopasites Linsley, and other new synonymy and changes in status include: H. calliopsidis calliopsidis (Linsley), new status (-H. pseudocarinatus Mitchell); H. calliopsidis carinatus (Linsley), new status; H. eamia Cockerell (=// . acanthochilus Crawford, =H. texanus Crawford); H. heliopsis (Robertson) (=// . lutzi Cockerell); H.

illinoiensis Ulinoiensis (Robertson), new status; H. illinoiensis minimus (Linsley), new

status; H. pulchellus (Cresson) {—Neopasites robertsoni Crawford, =Neopasites

robertsoni pubescens Linsley); and Holcopasites stevensi Crawford ( = Neopasites

elegans Linsley =N. knulli Linsley).

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1972

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20401 - Price 50 cents (paper cover)
Paul D. Hurd, Jr.

and E. Gorton Linsley

Parasitic Bees

of the Genus

Holcopasites Ashmead

(Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

Introduction

This study is intended as a systematic revision of the

bees belonging to the genus Holcopasites. These bees,

which are parasites in the nests of certain pollencollecting panurgine bees, occur in North America

from southern Mexico to southern Canada and from

extreme southeastern California to the Atlantic seaboard of the eastern United States. Most of the species have been found in the southwestern and

midwestern United States, and twelve of the fifteen

species are known only from or are also present in Arizona.

Several of the species of the genus are among some

of the smallest bees known and this coupled with

their localized occurrence and parasitic habit have

perhaps been responsible for their infrequent capture

and general scarcity in collections. At the turn of the

century less than half a dozen specimens had been

collected, and when Crawford (1915) reviewed the

species he had only about eighteen specimens upon

which to base his studies. At the time Linsley (1943)

systematically analyzed the group, hardly more than

fifty specimens had become available, including the

type specimens of previously described species. During

the past quarter of this century much new material

has been collected by several investigators including

Paul D. Hurd, Jr., Department of Entomology, National

Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. E. Gorton Linsley, Department of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley,

California 94720.

ourselves—mostly as the result of concentrated field

studies of this and related genera of the parasitic

nomadine bees. In spite of the fact, however, that

1,464 specimens are now preserved in collections and

have formed the basis of this study, several species,

including five of the new species described herein, are

represented by less than a dozen specimens each.

Nonetheless much has been learned from the vastly

larger amount of material that is now available concerning the systematics of this formerly rarely collected genus of bees.

It is obvious from the foregoing discussion that a

thoroughly detailed knowledge of the distribution and

associated ecological data is vitally important. For

this reason, in the species accounts, we have presented

as completely as possible, within the limitations of

space, a documentation of these data. Without this

basis, future interpretative analyses, whether they be

systematic or ecological in nature, would be severely

hampered.

Although these bees have been most frequently discussed under the name of Holcopasites, in the recent

past, they have especially been treated under the name

of Neopasites (Linsley and Michener, 1939), Linsley

(1943), and Michener (1944). Since the appearance

of the "Synoptic Catalog, Hymenoptera of America

North of Mexico" (Muesebeck et al., 1951), specialists

have returned to using the name Holcopasites, which

was the name most frequently applied to this group

before 1939. The problem of the correct name for the

genus was occasioned initially by Ashmead (1899)

when he proposed Holcopasites as a new genus

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

without including any nominal species. It was not

until several years later that Crawford (1915) designated a type species, Phileremus illinoiensis Robertson

(1891), and included several species, some of which

had been assigned to Neopasites before the name

Holcopasites was validated. Crawford's selection of

the type species was guided by a comparison of the

Robertson species with specimens (labeled Holcopasites pratti Ashm. ms.) used by Ashmead for the

original proposal of Holcopasites. Crawford clearly

demonstrated that Holcopasites is distinct from Neopasites Ashmead, whose type species was declared to

be Phileremus fulviventris Cresson by Ashmead (1898:

284). It is clearly evident, however, that Ashmead

based his description of Neopasites on misidentified

material of Phileremus fulviventris Cresson, which in

actuality is the same as Holcopasites eamia and which

was originally assigned to the genus Neopasites by

Cockerell (1909:29). Several years earlier Cockerell

(1903:452) had examined the undescribed "Holcopasites pratti Ashmead" and concluded that he was

". . . rather disinclined to consider Holcopasites

distinct from Neopasites." Cockerell was not aware,

however, that Ashmead (ibid.) had misidentified the

type species of Neopasites, and that the type specimen he had studied was indeed a species of Holcopasites (H. illinoiensis) and not the true Phileremus

fulviventris, the misidentified type species of Neopasites. This is another instance of an erroneous identification of the type species of a genus, and ultimately

the case should be submitted to the International

Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. In the

meantime we have elected to employ the names as

they are currently being used. Additional discussions

of this problem will be found in the works of Cockerell

(1926:108), Linsley and Michener (1939:277-278),

Linsley (1942:127), and Sandhouse (1943:558, 576).

Biology

Some aspects of the biology of this genus are known.

Most of this information, which is largely fragmentary

and concerns host association, nesting habits, and

activities of the adults and larvae, has been obtained

by Rozen (1965, 1966, 1967) in connection with his

biological investigations of the andrenid subfamily

Panurginae. Other significant contributions to the

biology of these bees include the studies of Ainslie

(1937) and Shinn (1967:928-932). These references

should be consulted by anyone working on the biology

of these bees.

In so far as known the species of Holcopasites are

parasites in the nests of pollen-collecting bees belonging to the tribe Panurgini of the family Andrenidae.

Although there are a number of unconfirmed host associations involving the genera Calliopsis and Pseudopanurgus, there are several records which establish

a definite host association for some of the species of

Holcopasites with the genera Calliopsis, Hypomacrotera, and Pseudopanurgus (Table 1). Thus far none

of the other genera of the tribe Panurgini (Nomadopsis, Panurginus, Perdita and Psaenythia) which

occur within the range of Holcopasites have been

implicated as possible hosts.

The adults of Holcopasites are frequently encountered at flowers, usually in search of nectar, and there

is some evidence to suggest that there is a predilection

for the same flowers visited by their hosts. Not infrequently the adults are also encountered in low meandering flight about and over the nesting sites of their

actual or presumed host species during the warmer

part of the day. In these situations the females often

alight and investigate small depressions, holes of various sorts, as well as active nesting burrows. A number

of the unconfirmed host associations presented in

Table 1 are based upon these kinds of observations.

Established host-parasite relationships are ideally obtained by rearing the parasite from the cells of a

reliably identified host species.

Acknowledgments

Including the type specimens, we have had the privilege of examining nearly 1,500 specimens of this

formerly rare genus of parasitic bees. Much of this

material has been accumulated through the helpful

collaboration of Drs. George E. Bohart, Mont A.

Cazier, and Jerome G. Rozen, Jr., whose field efforts

have provided us with a substantial collection of

specimens and associated ecological information upon

which to base our systematic investigations. We have

also benefited from a study of specimens made available to us by colleagues individually acknowledged

elsewhere in this article. During the course of their

own investigations afield, they collected samples of

these bees which, in the aggregate, have proved to be

especially useful to us.
NUMBER 1 14

The illustrations were prepared by Celeste Green,

Senior Scientific Illustrator, University of California,

Berkeley.

We are particularly fortunate in having been able

to examine the primary type specimens of all the nominal species except Holcopasites haematurus Cockerell

and Hicks, which we have been unable to locate. To

the curators of the collections in which the types are

deposited we are grateful for the opportunity of studying these critical specimens. We would like to thank

the following individuals who made these studies possible and who in addition placed at our disposal

collections of these bees for examination: Drs. P. H.

Arnaud, Jr., and E. S. Ross, California Academy of

Sciences (CAS); G. E. Ball and B. Hocking, University of Alberta, Edmonton (UA); W. F. Barr, University of Idaho, Moscow (UI); G. E. Bohart, Wild Bee

Pollination Investigations, Entomology Research Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Logan, Utah

(GEB); M. A. Cazier, Arizona State University,

Tempe (ASU); California Insect Survey, University

of California, Berkeley (CIS); G. C. Eickwort and

L. L. Pechuman, Cornell University, Ithaca (CU);

the late H. J. Grant, Jr., Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia (ANSP); R. E. Hill, University of

Nebraska, Lincoln (UN); J. N. Knull and C. A.

Triplehorn, Ohio State University, Columbus (OSU) ;

Karl V. Krombein, U.S. National Museum of Natural

History, Washington, D.C. (USNM); W. E. LaBerge,

Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana (INHS);

C. D. Michener, University of Kansas, Lawrence

(KU) ; T. B. Mitchell, University of North Carolina,

Raleigh (UNC); D. W. Ribble, Campbell, California

(Ribble); H. G. Rodeck, University of Colorado

Museum, Boulder (UCM); J. G. Rozen, Jr., American

Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH);

R. O. Schuster and R. W. Thorp, University of California, Davis (UCD); A. F. Shinn, Oak Ridge, TenI

FIGURE 1.—Holcopasites bigibbosus Hurd and Linsley, female.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

calliopsidis

minimus

FIGURES 2, 3.—Diagrammatic representations of the ventral

surface of head, males.

nessee (Shinn); G. I. Stage, University of Connecticut,

Storrs (Stage); and P. H. Timberlake, University of

California, Riverside (UCR).

Systematic*

The species of the genus Holcopasites are readily

distinguished from the other American nomadine bees

of the family Anthophoridae by the elongate labrum,

which is nearly twice as long as broad, and the very

coarsely punctate body, which is conspicuously clothed

with abundant patches of pale squamiform pubescence (Figure 1). The antennae of the males are 12-

segmented and therefore are unlike all other North

American bees except the genus Neopasites, which

has the labrum broader than long and belongs to the

tribe Biastini. Both sexes of Holcopasites possess a

well-defined pygidial plate. Additional generic details

are to be found in the works of Linsley and Michener

(1939) and Michener (1944), wherein the genus

cazien

stevensi

FIGURES 4, 5.—Diagrammatic representations of the fifth

metasomal sternum, females.

Holcopasites is treated under the name Neopasites.

The nearest structural relative of Holcopasites is the

genus Schmiedeknechtia of the Palaearctic region

(Cockerell 1923; Griitte 1935; Popov 1933, 1951;

Linsley and Michener 1939; and Mavromoustakis

1963), and these two genera have been placed in the

tribe Holcopasitini (Linsley 1951:1207).

The species of Holcopasites are small bees with

compact bodies and range from 2.5 mm to 8 mm in

length. The integument is rather coarsely and generally closely punctate, that of the head and thorax

is usually dark or black in coloration, while that of

metasoma is most often red—though usually the metasomal terga, especially the apical ones, are darkened

or clouded with black medially. Usually the clypeus,

the antennae, the mandibles, the labrum, the tegulae,

the dorsolateral angles of the propodeum and legs,

especially basally, are extensively reddish brown, deep

mahogany red, or rufotestaceous in coloration. The

vestiture is usually white and expressed as closely

appressed patches or spots on the head, thorax, and

metasoma dorsally, but in some species the dorsal
NUMBER 1 14

surfaces of the head, thorax, and metasomal terga are

clothed in addition with or supplanted by golden or

reddish golden pubescence.

Although the body of most species is generally quite

closely and coarsely punctate and sometimes rugosely

so, in some species, like Holcopasites insoletus (Linsley), the face above the antennae is largely impunctate. Similarly in other species the punctures on the

mesoscutum and mesepisterna are not closely crowded

and in these cases the interspaces are often polished

and shining. In still other species, the ventral surface

of the head is rather sparsely punctate adjacent to

the hypostomal carinae (Figures 2 and 3). As will be

noted in the accompanying species accounts, some

structural features such as the pygidial plate, the comparative lengths of the antennal flagellar segments, and

the position of the rear angle of the mandible in

relation to the lower end of the eye are remarkably

stable characteristics and are subject to very little

variation. Some structures, like the apical configuration of the fifth metasomal sternum in the female,

however, are quite variable. In the females of some

species that structure is consistently and rather deeply

emarginate apically (Figure 4), while in other species,

like Holcopasites stevensi Crawford, the apical margin

is sometimes entire or slightly incurved medially

(Figure 5).

Largely on the basis of whether or not the eyes are

densely clothed with short, erect pubescence, Linsley

(1942, 1943) grouped the species of the genus into

subgenera. The subgenera Trichopasites and Odontopasites were proposed by him for those species possessing very hairy eyes and were primarily distinguished

from one another on whether the sides of the face at

the anterior margin of the clypeus were toothed

(Odontopasites) or not (Trichopasites). The remaining species, in which the eyes are bare (or essentially

so), were assigned by Linsley to Holcopasites proper,

which at that time was called Neopasites. Even though

the present investigation has demonstrated that the

species of the genus Holcopasites can still be allocated

to subgeneric groupings on the basis of bare or hirsute

eyes, the discovery of several new species has demonstrated conclusively that the characters previously used

to distinguish Trichopasites and Odontopasites are no

longer tenable. Consequently we have adopted herein

a classification that recognizes only two subgeneric

units within the genus.

Key to the Subgenera of the Genus Holcopasites

1. Eyes densely clothed with short, erect pubescence Trichopasites

Eyes bare or at most with a few, scattered, minute hairs Holcoparites

Subgenus Trichopasites Linsley

FIGURES 7, 12

Trichopasites Linsley, 1942:127; 1943 :120.—Michener

1944:277.

Odontopasites Linsley, 1942:128; 1943:120, 121.—Michener

1944:277. [New synonymy.]

TYPE-SPECIES.—Neopasites (Trichopasites) insoletus

Linsley, monobasic and original designation.

This subgenus contains three species, all of which

have the eyes densely clothed with short, erect pubescense. As mentioned elsewhere, the characters which

previously were used to distinguish the subgenera

Trichopasites and Odontopasites are, with the discovery of several new species of the genus, no longer

usable; therefore, Odontopasites is placed as a synonym of Trichopasites.

Although all three species of Trichopasites have

been collected together in Arizona, one of the species

(Holcopasitesarizonicus) ranges northward into Idaho

and southward as far as the state of Zacatecas in

Mexico. The subgenus has not been found west of

Arizona or east of Colorado and New Mexico.

The following key will serve to separate the species

of this subgenus.

Key to the Species of the Subgenus Trichopasites

1. Face above antennae closely and coarsely punctate, without polished and shining areas;

anterior and lateral ocelli separated by less than twice their diameters 2
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Face above antennae polished, shining and often largely impunctate; anterior and lateral

ocelli separated by at least three times their diameters 1. H- insoletus

2. Mctasomal tergum IV apically with only a short band or spot of white pubescence on each

side; fifth metasomal sternum of female with apical margin scarcely incurved medially (as

in Figure 5) 2. H. arizonicus

Metasomal tergum IV apically with a nearly complete band of white pubescence, only

narrowly interrupted medially; fifth metasomal sternum of female with apical margin deeply

emarginate (as in Figure 4) 3. H. roxeni

1. Holcopasites insoletus (Linsley)

FIGURE 7

Neopasites (Trichopasites) insoletus Linsley, 1942:128,9

[Arizona: Tex Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, 5,000-

6,000 ft]; 1943: 120-121,9.

Holcopasites (Trichopasites) insoletus.—Linsley 1951:1208,

9[Arizona].—Rozen 1965:87, 88-91,9[Arizona: Southwestern Research Station, near Portal, Cochise County];

1966:30-33 [Arizona: Southwestern Research Station near

Portal, Cochise County].

LOCATION OF TYPE.—California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southwestern United States

(Arizona and New Mexico).

HOSTS (unconfirmed).—Pseudopanurgus boylei

(Cockerell), P. perlaevis (Cockerell), P. timberlakei

Cockerell, Pseudopanurgus species B, and Pseudopanurgus spp. (Table 1).

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma red

or chiefly so, sometimes terminal terga darkened or

clouded medially; antennae, mandibles, tegulae, and

legs reddish or dark mahogany brown; calcaria dark

reddish brown. Vestiture of body chiefly white, mostly

closely appressed and forming patches on face adjacent to antennal insertions, head behind, mesonotal

line, dorsolateral angles of pronotum, anterolateral

margins and sides of mesoscutum, mesepisterna, scutellum at sides, medially and behind, metanotum and

propodeum especially laterally, legs basally and on

metasoma not conspicuously clothed with golden or

reddish golden pubescence. Wings feebly violaceous,

lightly tinged with brownish beyond closed cells.

Length 4—8 mm. Eyes densely clothed with short,

erect pubescence; face above antennae somewhat

swollen, polished, shining, largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment longer than combined

length of succeeding two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated by at least three times their

diameter; interocellar distance greater than ocellorbital distance; rear angle of mandible situated well

beyond middle of eye; labrum longitudinally carinate

medially, without a thornlike tubercle near base,

densely and closely punctate on basal half or more,

without impunctate areas basally; ventral surface of

head rather sparsely punctate especially adjacent to

hypostomal carinae, interspaces polished and shining.

Mesoscutum very coarsely and somewhat rugosopunctate throughout; scutellum entire or feebly indented

medially on posterior dorsal surface, not prominently

bilobed and strongly elevated posteriorly; metanotum

produced posterolaterally into prominent posteriorly

projected shelf]ike processes; mesepisternum rather

coarsely and nearly rugosely punctate and with a

large ringlike patch of white pubescence; wing with

second submarginal cell not unusually small, more

than one-half as long as first submarginal cell when

measured along posterior side; spur of middle leg

about one-half as long as corresponding basitarsus.

Metasomal terga II-III basally (usually also succeeding terga) with two discrete spots (sometimes evanescent) of white pubescence on either side of middle;

apical margin of tergum IV with at most a spot or

short band of white pubescence laterally; pygidial

plate truncate or nearly so, rounded laterally; fifth

metasomal sternum with apical margin incurved medially, not strongly emarginate.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 3.5-8 mm. Eyes as densely

hairy as in female; face as in female; antennae with

first flagellar segment shorter than combined length

of succeeding two segments; interocellar and ocellorbital distances about equal; rear angle of mandible

situated as in female; labrum essentially as in female;

ventral surface of head somewhat more densely and

closely punctured than in female. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, and wings as in

female; tegulae sparsely punctate laterally, shining.

Metasomal terga 11-VI basally with two discrete spots

(sometimes lacking or evanescent) of white pubescence on either side of middle; apical margin of
NUMBER 1 14

tergum IV with only a short band or spot of white

pubescence laterally; apical margin of tergum V with

at most only a spot of white pubescence laterally;

basin of metasoma not sharply defined, punctured

at least at sides; apical margin of sixth metasomal

tergum feebly bisinuate in outline, with at most an

obsolescent median triangular projection; seventh

metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as seen from

above, nearly right angled on either side of pygidial

plate; pygidial plate more than twice as long as maximum basal width, liguliform in outline.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—ARIZONA. COCHISE

COUNTY: Benson, 7 mi W, cf, IX-3-61, flowers

Heterotheca subaxillaris (P.D. Hurd, Jr., CIS). Douglas, 2? , VIII-22-68 (J.G. Rozen and M. Favreau,

AMNH). Douglas, 1 mi E, 9 , VIII-14-62, flying

over ground investigating holes between 11:00-11:20

A.M. (M.A. Cazier, CIS); 2? , VIII-15-62, flying

just above ground between 9:30-9:50 A.M. (M.A.

Cazier, CIS); 3<f, 26? , VIII-16-62, on flowers

Bahia absinthifolia var. dealbata (E.G. Linsley, CIS);

2 ? , same date (M. Statham, AMNH); 2 ? , VIII-17-

62 (M.A. Cazier, CIS); 3 $ same date (M. Statham,

AMNH); 8 ? , VIII-18-62 (M.A. Cazier, CIS); 2 $ ,

VIII-21-62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel,

AMNH); 2? , VIII-24-70 (J.G. Rozen, AMNH).

Douglas, 5 mi NE, 5cf, 2 9 , VIII-23-64 (CD. Michener, KU). Douglas, 16 mi NE, 2cf, VIII-23-62

(J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel, AMNH);

9 , VIII-25-62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham, and S.J.

Hessel, AMNH). Portal, 2 mi N, 4$ , IX-22-63,

flying over nesting site of Pseudopanurgus perlaevis

(J.G. Rozen, AMNH). Portal, 2 mi NE, ? , IX-14-

61 (J.G. Rozen and M. Statham, CIS); 2cf, 6? ,

VIII-21-62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel,

AMNH). Portal, 5miW,2rf, VIII-19-58, on flowers

Heterotheca subaxillaris (E.G. Linsley, CIS). Southwestern Research Station, $ , VIII-24-58 (P.D. Hurd,

Jr., CIS); cf, VIII-26-58, flowers Heterotheca subaxillaris (E.G. Linsley, CIS); d1

, IX-3-59, flowers

Heterotheca subaxillaris (D.D. Linsdale, Stage) ; 2 ? ,

VIII-28-62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel,

AMNH); 79 , VIII-28-62, site B (J.G. Rozen, M.

Statham and S.J. Hessel, AMNH); 29 , VIII-29-62,

site A (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel,

AMNH); 69 , VIII-29-62, site B (J.G. Rozen, M.

Statham and S.J. Hessel, AMNH); 9 , IX-1-62, site

B (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel, AMNH);

9 , IX-2-62 (M. Statham, AMNH); 29 , IX-16-62

(J.G. Rozen, AMNH); 29 , IX-20-62 (J.G. Rozen,

AMNH). Tex Canyon, Chiricahua Mountains, 5,000-

6,000 ft, 9 , IX-16-27 (J.A. Kusche, CAS); 9 , VIII23-62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel,

AMNH). GILA COUNTY: E. Verde River, 10 mi N

Payson, 9 , IX-9-61 (GEB). MOHAVE COUNTY:

Kingman, 10 mi unspecified direction, cf, IX-2-62

(J.S. Buckett, UCD). PIMA COUNTY: Tucson, 9 mi,

SE, 9 , IX-3-61, flowers Bahia absinthifolia (P.D.

Hurd, CIS).

NEW MEXICO. HIDALGO COUNTY: Rodeo, cf,

VIII-22-58 (R.M. Bohart, UCD). Rodeo, 1 mi N,

2 9 , VI11-2-64, at nesting site of Pseudopanurgus

(J.G. and B.L. Rozen, AMNH). Rodeo, 4.5 mi. N,

4 9 , VIII-21-62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J.

Hessel, AMNH). Rodeo, 4.8 mi N, 2d\ 4 9 , IX-4-61,

flowers Tidestromia lanuginosa (P.D. Hurd, Jr., CIS);

3 9 , IX-4-61, same data (P.H. Timberlake, UCR).

Rodeo, 5 mi N, 29 , VIII-19-66 (J.G. and B.L.

Rozen, AMNH); 9 , VIII-20-66 (J.G. and B.L.

Rozen, AMNH); 9 , VIH-24-66 (J.G. and B.L.

Rozen, AMNH). Rodeo, 11 mi N, cf, 89 , VIII-18-

68 (J.G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH). SAN

JUAN COUNTY: cf, IX-6-63 (G.E. Bohart, GEB).

The chiefly reddish metasoma together with the

large, swollen, impunctate areas of the face above

the antennae are uniquely diagnostic for this species.

Although there are only a relatively few flower records available, Holcopasites insoletus has been taken

on several occasions at the flowers of Bahia absinthifolia and Heterotheca subaxillaris (Compositae), and

both sexes in one instance were found visiting the

flowers of Tidestromia lanuginosa (Amaranthaceae).

2. Holcopasites arizonicus (Linsley)

FIGURE 12

Neopasites (Odontopasites) arizonicus Linsley, 1942:129,

9 $ [Arizona: Hereford, Tucson, and Yuma; Baja California: San Pedro, 18 miles south of LaPaz]; 1943:122-

123, fig. 1, 9 $ [Arizona: Hereford, Tucson, and Yuma;

Baja California: San Pedro, 18 miles south of LaPaz].

Holcopasites (Odontopasites) arizonicus.—Linsley 1951:-

1208, 9 $ [Arizona and Baja California].—Rozen 1965:-

87, 88-89, 9 [Arizona: Southwestern Research Station,

near Portal, Cochise County]; 1966:30.

Holcopasites arizonicus.—Linsley, MacSwain, and Smith

1956:82 [Mexico: 9 miles southwest of Fresnillo, Zacatecas].—Shinn 1965:15, 9 [Arizona: 2 miles northeast of

Portal, Cochise County]; 1967:850, 929 9 [Arizona: 2

miles northeast of Portal, Cochise County].
8

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

LOCATION OF TYPE.—California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Rocky Mountain region of

the United States (Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Arizona,

and New Mexico) southward into Mexico (Baja,

California and Zacatecas).

HOSTS.—Calliopsis coloradensis Cresson (confirmed), ?Pseudopanurgus timberlakei Cockerell or P.

occidus Timberlake (unconfirmed) and possibly

Calliopsis pectidis Shinn and Pseudopanurgus sp.

(Table 1).

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma red

or chiefly so, terga sometimes darkened medially;

antennae, mandibles, tegulae, and legs usually reddish

or dark mahogany brown; calcaria pale to reddish

brown. Vestiture of body chiefly white, mostly closely

appressed and forming patches on face about antennal insertions, cheeks behind, mesonotal line, anterolateral margins of mesoscutum, mesepisterna, scutellum at sides and behind, metanotum and propodeum

at sides, legs basally and on metasoma, especially on

terga; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and metasoma

not conspicuously clothed with golden or reddish

golden pubescence. Wings faintly violaceous, lightly

tinged with brownish beyond closed cells. Length 4-8

mm. Eyes densely clothed with short, erect pubescence; face above antennae closely and coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment as long as

or slightly longer than combined length of succeeding

two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated by

less than twice their diameters; interocellar distance

shorter than ocellorbital distance; rear angle of mandible situated behind middle of eye; labrum longitudinally carinate medially, without a thornlike tubercle

near base, rather closely punctate on basal half or

more, and with restricted impunctate or sparsely shiny

areas basally; ventral surface of head rather closely

punctate especially adjacent to hypostomal carinae.

Mesoscutum rather coarsely and nearly rugosopunctate throughout; scutellum entire or at most only

weakly indented medially on posterior dorsal surface,

not prominently bilobed and strongly elevated posteriorly ; metanotum produced posterolaterally into prominent posteriorly projected shelflike processes; mesepisternum rather coarsely and nearly rugosely punctate

dorsally and with a large ring-shaped patch of white

pubescence; forewing with second submarginal cell

not unusually small, more than one-half as long as

first submarginal cell when measured along posterior

side; spur of middle leg nearly one-half as long

as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga II-IV

basally with a transverse band of white pubescence on

either side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV

with a short band of white pubescence laterally;

pygidial plate truncate apically or very nearly so; fifth

metasomal sternum with apical margin entire or only

slightly incurved medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 4-8 mm. Eyes as densely

hairy as in female; face as in female; antennae with

first flagellar segment at least equaling combined

length of succeeding two segments; ocelli and rear

angle of mandible situated as in female; labrum

essentially as in female; ventral surface of head

rather closely and uniformly punctate, without large

and impunctate shiny areas adjacent to hypostomal

carinae. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, and wings as in female; tegulae impunctate

and shining laterally. Metasomal terga II-V basally

with a transverse band of white pubescence on either

side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV with only

a short band or spot of white pubescence laterally;

apical margin of tergum V usually with a nearly

complete transverse band of white pubescence; basin

of metasoma not sharply defined, punctured at least

at sides; apical margin of sixth metasomal tergum

feebly bisinuate in outline, without a median triangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with

lateral margins, as seen from above, nearly right

angled on either side of pygidial plate; pygidial plate

more than twice as long as maximum basal width,

nearly parallel sided, essentially liguliform in outline.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—ARIZONA. COCHISE

COUNTY: Apache, 13 mi SW, d1 VIII-14-69 (J.G.

and K.C. Rozen, AMNH). Benson, 7 mi W, d\ IX3-61, flowers Heterotheca subaxillaris (P.H. Timberlake, UCR). Bisbee Mountains, d", VIII-26-59 (R.A.

Flock, UCR). Douglas, d\ 2 ? , VIII-22-68 (J.G.

Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH); d\ ? , IX-1-68

(J.G. and M. Favreau, AMNH). Douglas, 1 mi E,

? , VIII-14-62, flying over surface of ground investigating holes in ground from 11:00-11:20 A.M.

(M.A. Cazier, CIS); 6$ , VIII-15-62, flying just

above ground from 9:30-9:50 A.M. (M.A. Cazier,

CIS); d\ VIII-16-62 (M. Statham, AMNH); 2d \

? , VIII-17-62 (M. Statham, AMNH); 5rf, 4$ ,

VIII-18-62 (M.A. Cazier, CIS); d\ VIII-19-62,
NUMBER 1 14

flowers Bahia absinthifolia var. dealbata (M.A. Cazier,

CIS); 7? , VIII-19-68 (J.G. Rozen, AMNH); 2? ,

VIII-21-68 (J.G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH).

Douglas, 1 mi N, 11 cf, 5 9 , VIII-16-62, flowers Bahia

absinthifolia var. dealbata (E.G. Linsley, CIS). Douglas, 5 mi NE, 9, VIII-22-64, cf, VIII-23-64 (CD.

Michener, KU). Douglas, 7 mi NE, cf, $, VIII-14-

69 (J.G. and K.C. Rozen, AMNH). Hereford, cf, no

data (W.M. Mann, ANSP, Linsley 1942:129). Pearce,

4 mi E (1 mi NW Jet. Hwys. 181 and 666), 3$ ,

IX-27-60 (M.A. Cazier, CIS). Portal, 2 mi NE, 2? ,

IX-24-61, taken in association with Calliopsis pectidis

(Shinn 1965:15; 1967:850, M.A. Cazier, CIS); ? ,

IX-29-61 (M.A. Cazier, CIS); $, X-2-61 (M.A.

Cazier, CIS); 9, VIII-14-62 (H.A. Scullen, GEB);

cf, ?, VIII-21-62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.

J. Hessel, AMNH). Portal, 5 mi NE, 10?, IX-28-61

(M. Mortenson and M. Statham, CIS). Portal, 3 mi

E, ? , VIII-24-57 (W.F. Barr, UI). Skeleton

Canyon, 6 mi SE, $, IX-4-58 (P.D. Hurd, CIS).

Southwestern Research Station, 1 9, VIII-26-62,

specimen labeled #2 in pencil script (J.G. Rozen,

M. Statham and S.J. Hessel, AMNH); 2 ? , VIII-26-

62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel, AMNH) ;

9, same date (M. Statham, AMNH); 3$ , VII-28-

62, site A (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel,

AMNH); $, VIII-28-62, site B (J.G. Rozen, M.

Statham and S.J. Hessel, AMNH); 8? , VIII29-62, site A (1$ labeled A-10) (J.G. Rozen, M.

Statham and S.J. Hessel, AMNH); 2$ , VIH-29-62,

site B (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel,

AMNH); 2? , XI-3-62 (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham

and S.J. Hessel, AMNH); ? , IX-13-62, flowers

Heterotheca subaxillaris (J.G. Rozen, AMNH). Wilcox, $ VIII-14-58 (R.D. Cardiff, CIS). GILA

COUNTY: Globe, 27 mi NE, 2<?, IX-1-58 (D.D. Linsdale, UCD). MARICOPA COUNTY: Aguila, 9, IX20-53, on flowers Pectis papposa (P.H. Timberlake,

UCR). Aguila, 18.5 mi W, cf, IX-5-58, flowers

Baileya pleniradiata (P.H. Timberlake, UCR). Wickenburg, 5 mi N, $, IX-11-57 (T.R. Haig, UCD).

MOHAVE COUNTY: Hualapai Mountain Park, cf,

IX-2-61 (J.S. Buckett, UCD). PIMA COUNTY: Tucson, d, ? , VI11-2-09 (A.K. Fisher, Linsley 1942:

129); cf, VIII-14-50 (R.S. Beal, CIS). Tucson, 10

mi S, cf, VIII-7-40, flowers Verbesina (E.S. Ross,

CIS). SANTA CRUZ COUNTY: Pena Blanca, 2 mi W,

? , IX-9-61 (C.W. O'Brien, Stage collection). YUMA

COUNTY: Salome, ? , IX-11-57, flowers Pectis papposa (P.H. Timberlake, UCR). Yuma, cf, 3? , V-6-

39 (R.M. Bohart, CAS, USNM, Linsley 1942:129).

Wellton, cf, 9, V-5 to 6-18 (J.C. Bradley, CU).

COLORADO. FREMONT COUNTY : Coaldale, 3 cf,

VI11-11-68, flowers Chrysopsis villosa (CD. Michener, KU). Rio BRANCO COUNTY: Meeker, 23 mi

S, lef, VIII-20-62 (R.M. Bohart, GEB).

IDAHO. FRANKLIN COUNTY: Preston, 9, VIII1-66 (G.E. Bohart and Maeta, GEB).

NEW MEXICO. HIDALGO COUNTY: Granite Pass,

2 9 , VIII-22-58 (P.D. Hurd, CIS); 9, VIII-25-58

(P.D. Hurd, CIS). Lordsburg, 2cf, VIII-24-58 (R.M.

Bohart, UCD). Rodeo, 9 , VIII-21-58 (R.M. Bohart,

UCD); 2cf, 49 , VIII-22-58 (R.M. Bohart, UCD);

9 , same data (C.G. Moore, CIS); cf, 9 , VIII-26-58

(R.M. Bohart, UCD); 9, VIII-22-62, flowers

Asclepias (J.G. Rozen, M. Statham and S.J. Hessel,

AMNH); cf, 9, VIII-22-64 (CD. Michener, KU).

Rodeo, 1 mi N, 9, VIII-22-62, asleep on Eriogonum

(M.A. Cazier and M. Mortenson, CIS); 9, VIII26-62 (M.A. Cazier and M. Mortenson, CIS); 9,

VIII-27-70, 10 9, VIII-28-70 (J.G. Rozen, AMNH).

Rodeo, 2.5 mi N, cf, IX-7-59, flowers Baileya pleniradiata (G.I. Stage). Rodeo, 4.8 mi N, 39 , IX-4-61,

flowers Tidestromia lanuginosa (P.D. Hurd, Jr. CIS).

Rodeo, 11 mi N, VIII-18-68 (J.G. Rozen, AMNH).

Rodeo, 18 mi N, 9 , VIII-25-58 (R.H. James, CIS).

Rodeo, 7 mi, S, 2cf, VIII-21-58 (R.D. Cardiff, CIS).

UTAH. CACHE COUNTY: N. Logan, 59 , VIII1968, ex Calliopsis coloradensis (P. Torchio, GEB).

MILLARD COUNTY: 9, VIII-28-54 (G.F. Knowlton,

OSU). SUMMIT COUNTY: Devils Slide, cf, 9,

VIII-24-62 (G.F. Knowlton, KU). Flowell, 9, VII8-62 (G.E. Bohart, GEB). SANPETE COUNTY: Fairview, 4 mi NW, 1 9, VIII-18-57 (W.F. Barr, GEB).

MEXICO. BAJA, CALIFORNIA: San Pedro, 18 mi

S La Paz, 3cf, X-7-41, sweeping flowers of yellow

composite (E.S. Ross and G.E. Bohart, CAS, Linsley

1942:129). ZACATECAS: Fresnillo, 9 mi S, 59 ,

VIII-7 to 14-54, collected at nest site of Pseudopanurgus sp. (E.G. Linsley, R.F. Smith, and J.W. MacSwain, CIS, Linsley, MacSwain, and Smith 1956:82,

as 9 mi SW of Fresnillo); 69 , VIII-20-56 (J.W.

MacSwain, CIS). Tabasco, 5 mi N, 1 cf, 1 9 , IX-18-

70 (G.E. and R.M. Bohart, GEB).

This species, which is widely distributed over the

Rocky Mountain region of the western United States

and has been found as far south as Zacatecas in

Mexico, is readily recognized by the characteristics
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

presented in the key to species of the subgenus

Trichopasites. In one specimen, a female collected at

five miles north of Wickenburg, Arizona, the punctures on the face above the antennae are not as closely

crowded as is usual for this species and the resulting

interspaces are relatively large. In all other respects,

however, the specimen is within the observed range

of variation for species.

Holcopasites arizonicus has been collected several

times with H. insoletus and H. stevensi in Arizona,

both about nesting sites of their presumed hosts and

with one another at the same flowers.

3. Holcopasites rozeni Hurd and Linsley,

new species

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma red,

except apically where darkened to largely or entirely

black on terminal two or three segments; antennae,

mandibles, tegulae, and legs very dark mahogany

brown; calcaria dark reddish brown. Vestiture of body

chiefly white, not abundant, chiefly appressed and

forming patches on face about antennal insertions,

dorsolateral angles of pronotum, hind tibiae and

metasoma; elsewhere pubescence sparse, chiefly dark

and dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and metasoma

not clothed with golden or reddish golden pubescence.

Wings feebly violaceous, fuscous beyond closed cells.

Length 5-8 mm. Eyes densely clothed with short, erect

pubescence; face above antennae closely and coaresly

punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment much

shorter than combined length of succeeding two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated by nearly

twice their diameters; interocellar distance greater than

ocellorbital distance; rear angle of mandible situated

well behind middle of eye; labrum longitudinally carinate medially, without a thornlike tubercle near

base, very densely punctate on basal half, without

impunctate or shiny areas basally; ventral surface of

head rather closely punctate, without impunctate

areas adjacent to hypostomal carinae. Mesoscutum

distinctly punctured; scutellum weakly indented medially on posterior dorsal surface, not prominently

bilobed, although posterior surface strongly elevated

and truncated; metanotum produced posterolaterally

into prominent posteriorly projected shelflike processes; mesepisternum distinctly punctured, interspaces shining, without a patch of white pubescence

dorsally; wing with second submarginal cell not unusually small, more than one-half as long as first submarginal cell when measured along posterior side;

spur of middle leg much shorter than one-half as long

as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga I-IV

basally with a thin transverse band of white pubescence on either side of middle (virtually absent in the

holotype); apical margin of tergum IV with a nearly

complete band of white pubescence (feebly expressed

in the holotype) ; pygidial plate evenly rounded apically; fifth metasomal sternum with apical margin

deeply emarginate medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 4 mm. Eyes as densely

hairy as in female; face as in female; antennae with

first flagellar segment nearly equaling combined length

of succeeding two segments; ocelli and rear angle of

mandible situated as in female; labrum as in female;

ventral surface of head very densely and closely punctate throughout. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum,

mesepisternum, and wings as in female; tegulae very

nearly punctate throughout. Metasomal tergum I basally with a small transverse band of pale pubescence

on either side of middle, tergum II basally with a thin

transverse Dand of white pubescence on either side of

middle, and terga 111-VI without basal bands of pale

pubescence; apical margin of terga IV and V with

complete bands of white pubescence; basin of metasoma sharply defined, impunctate; apical margin of

sixth metasomal tergum feebly bisinuate in outline,

without a median triangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as seen from above,

nearly right angled on either side of pygidial plate;

pygidial plate about twice as long as maximum basal

width, broadly liguliform in outline.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southwestern United States

(Arizona) and adjacent northwestern Mexico (Sinaloa and Sonora).

HOST.—Unknown.

Holotype female, 16 miles northeast of Douglas,

Cochise County, Arizona, 25 August 1962, was collected by J. G. Rozen, M. Statham, and S. J. Hessel

and is deposited in the collections of the American

Museum of Natural History, New York. The allotype

was collected at Magdalena, Sonora, Mexico, on 2

September 1970, by G. E. and R. M. Bohart and is

deposited in the collection of Dr. G. E. Bohart. One

female paratype was obtained by the Boharts at Culia-
NUMBER 1 14 11

can, Sinaloa, Mexico, on 10 September 1970, and

will be deposited in the collection of Dr. G. E. Bohart.

This rather large and distinctive species, which appears to be most closely related structurally to Holcopasites arizonicus, is named in honor of Dr. Jerome

G. Rozen, Jr., of the American Museum of Natural

History in recognition of his untiring efforts to obtain

and provide us with specimens and associated data

for our investigation of the genus Holcopasites. Although the male of H. rozeni is somewhat smaller

than are the known females, it is anticipated that

additional material will substantiate our association

of this single specimen with the female of this species.

The female is unique among the species of the subgenus Trichopasites in having the apical margin of

the fifth metasomal sternum deeply emarginate medially. The metasomal terga are provided with much

less white pubescence than is evident in any of the

other species of the genus.

Subgenus Holcopasites Ashmead

FIGURES 1, 2-6, 8-11, 13-16

Holcopasites Ashmead, 1899:82.—Linsley 1951:1207.

Neopasites authors.—Linsley 1942:127-129; 1943:120-123.

—Michener 1944:277.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Phileremus illinoiensis Robertson

by subsequent designation of Crawford (1915).

Included in this subgenus are the majority of the

species of the genus and all have the eyes bare or

essentially so. Most of the species are to be found in

the southwestern United States, where eight of the

twelve known species occur in Arizona. Several of the

species occur in the midwestern United States and

two of the species (Holcopasites calliopsidis and H.

illinoiensis) extend into the Atlantic seaboard states.

Only one species (H. bohartorum) is definitely known

to occur in California, though only a few miles from

the Arizona border. Four species (H. calliopsidis, H.

heliopsis, H. pulchellus, and H. stevensi) range into

the north-central United States (Montana and/or

North Dakota), and all except the first of these also

occur in adjacent Canada (Alberta and/or Saskatchewan). Only three of the species (H. calliopsidis, H.

illinoiensis and H. pulchellus) have been found in

Mexico, and of these only the first and last mentioned

have been found appreciably south of the border into

central or southern Mexico (Zacatecas and Vera

Cruz.) All three of these species are the most wideranging species in the genus.

There are two groups of species evident within the

subgenus on the basis of the arrangement and extent

of the pale pubescence on the metasomal terga. In

one of the groups, this pubescence is arranged in the

form of discrete spots basally on the metasomal terga

(Figures 6-7, 9-11), which in one species (Figure 8)

coalesce to form a pair of bilobed bands on each segment. This group may be vernacularly referred to as

the Spotted Species Group. The other group of species, termed the Banded Species Group, has the pale

pubescence arranged in the form of basal bands laterally on the metasomal terga (Figures 13-16), and in

one species these bands coalesce medially to form a

single transverse band on two or more terga (Figure

14).

The following key will serve to distinguish these

groups of species.

Key to the Species Groups of the Subgenus Holcopasites

Metasomal terga II and III (usually also succeeding terga) basally with two discrete spots of

white pubescence on either side of middle (as in Figures 6-7, 9-11) or with the spots

narrowly coalesced on either side of middle to form a basal pair of bilobed bands (as in

Figure 8) Spotted Species Group

Metasomal terga II and III (usually also succeeding terga) basally with a transverse band of

white pubescence on either side of middle (as in Figures 13, 15-16), which sometimes

coalesce medially to form a single transverse band on one or more terga (as in Figure 14)

Banded Species Group

Spotted Species Group

FIGURES 6, 8-11

The species of this group may be readily recognized

by the spots of pale pubescence on the metasomal

terga. In four of the species these spots are discrete,

but in Holcopasites bohartorum they are narrowly

coalesced laterally to form a basal pair of bilobed

bands (Figure 8). With the exception of H. heliopsis,
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

mmm

calliopsidis insoletus bohartorum

heliopsis pulchellus pulchellus

FIGURES 6-11.—Diagrammatic representations of the metasoma in dorsal view, females. Pale

pubescent areas indicated by unstippled areas.
NUMBER 114 13

all of these species are known to occur in Arizona and marginal cell of the forewing unusually small. This

only two of these have been collected appreciably cell is much less than one-half as long as the first subbeyond its borders. marginal cell when measured along its posterior side.

This group contains the smallest known species of The species of this group may be separated in the

the genus (H.tegularis) which is further unique among key which follows. The male of H. apacheorum is

the species of the genus by having the second sub- unknown.

Key to the Species of the Spotted Species Group

1. Males1 2

Females 6

2(1). Seventh metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as seen from above, nearly right angled

on either side of pygidial plate; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and metasoma without

golden pubescence; metasomal terga reddish or brownish black, sometimes reddened

apically 3

Seventh metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as seen from above, evenly rounded, not

angulately produced on either side of pygidial plate; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax,

and metasoma usually with conspicuous, though closely appressed, golden pubescence;

metasomal terga blackish brown or somewhat reddened apically 4

3(2). Metasomal terga II and III (usually also succeeding terga) ha sally with two discrete

spots of white or whitish pubescence on either side of middle (as in Figure 6);

interocellar distance much shorter than ocellorbital distance; face below lateral ocelli

distinctly punctate 2. B. calliopsidis

Metasomal terga II to IV basalIy with spots of white pubescence narrowly coalesced on

either side of middle to form a basal pair of bilobed bands on each tergum (as in

Figure 8); interocellar distance equaling ocellorbital distance; face below lateral ocelli

rugose, without distinct punctures 3. H. bohartorutn

4(2). Tegulae impunctate and shining laterally; forewing with second submarginal cell not

unusually small, more than one-half as wide as first submarginal cell when measured

along posterior side 5

Tegulae reticulately punctate throughout; forewing with second submarginal cell very

small, much narrower than one-half width of first submarginal cell when measured

along posterior side 6. H. tegularis

5(4). Mesepisternum with a large, conspicuous patch of white pubescence; antennae with first

flagellar segment shorter than combined length of succeeding two segments

5. H. pulcheUus

Mesepisternum without or at most with a small, evanescent, marginal patch of white

pubescence; antennae with first flagellar segment at least equaling combined length of

succeeding two segments 4. H. heliopsis

6(1). Rear angle of mandible situated near middle of eye; metanotum produced posterolaterally

into prominent, posteriorly projected shelflike processes 7

Rear angle of mandible situated well behind middle of eye; metanotum without prominent posterolateral processes 8

7(6). Metasomal terga II and III (usually also succeeding terga) basally with two discrete

spots of white or whitish pubescence on either side of middle (Figure 6); antennae

with first flagellar segment equaling combined length of succeeding two flagellar

segments 2. H. calliopsidis

Metasomal terga II to IV basally with spots of white pubescence narrowly coalesced on

either side of middle to form a pair of bilobed bands (Figure 8); antennae with first

flagellar segment much shorter than combined length of succeeding two segments

3. H. bohartorutn

8(6). Labrum closely punctate on basal half or more, without impunctate or sparsely punctate

shiny areas basally; mesepisterna rugosopunctate, without clearly defined punctures

and shining interspaces 9

1

 The male of H. apacheorum is unknown.
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Labrum not closely punctate on basal half, with large impunctate or sparsely punctate

areas basally; mesepisterna distinctly punctate, the punctures well separated, interspaces usually shining 10

9(8). Scu tell urn deeply cleft medially to base, prominently bilobed and posteriorly elevated;

forewing with second submarginal cell not unusually small, more than one-half as long

as first submarginal cell when measured along posterior side 4. H. heliopsis

Scutellum entire or at most only weakly indented medially on posterior dorsal surface,

not prominently bilobed and elevated posteriorly; forewing with second submarginal

cell unusually small, much shorter than one-half as long as first submarginal cell when

measured along posterior side 6. H. tegularis

10(8). Mesepisternum with a large, conspicuous patch of white pubescence; metasomal terga

darkly colored, sometimes with apical margins of terga reddened; dorsal surfaces of

head and thorax thickly clothed with golden or reddish-golden pubescence

5. H. pulchellus

Mesepisternum without a large and conspicuous patch of white pubescence, at most with

only an irregularly evanescent outline of a patch; metasomal terga almost entirely red;

dorsal surfaces of head and thorax predominantly clothed with white pubescence,

sometimes with almost inconspicuous golden or reddish-golden pubescence intermixed

1. H. apacheorum

1. Holcopasites apacheorum Hurd and Linsley,

new species

Neopasites (Neopasites) pulchellus, in part (not Cresson

1878), Linsley 1943:133 [Cimmaron, New Mexico, record

only].

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southwestern United States

(Arizona and New Mexico).

HOST.—Unknown.

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma red;

antennae black; mandibles dark reddish brown, rufotestaceous medially; tegulae dark mahogany red, paler

marginally; legs dark reddish brown, hind tibiae extensively rufotestaceous; calcaria pale rufotestaceous.

Vestiture of body chiefly white, mostly closely appressed and forming patches on face about antennal

insertions, hind margins of head, mesonotal line, dorsolateral angles of pronotum, mesoscutum circumferentially, mesepisterna, scutellum medially and circumferentially, metanotum and propodeum at sides, legs

basal ly and on metasoma, especially on terga; dorsal

surfaces of head and mesoscutum anteriorly with an

admixture of some golden and reddish golden pubescence. Wings faintly violaceous, rather heavily infuscated with black apical ly. Length 7-8 mm. Eyes bare;

face above antennae closely and coarsely punctate,

neither bigibbosely swollen nor largely impunctate;

antennae with first flagellar segment much shorter

than combined length of succeeding two segments;

anterior and lateral ocelli separated by much less than

twice their diameters; interocellar and ocellorbital

distances about equal; rear angle of mandible situated well behind middle of eye; labrum longitudinally carinate medially, without a thornlike tubercle

near base, rather sparsely and irregularly punctate on

basal half, and with conspicuous impunctate areas

basally; ventral surface of head moderately densely

punctate adjacent to hypostomal carinae, without

large impunctate areas. Mesoscutum rather coarsely

and contiguously punctate throughout; scutellum

nearly entire, only weakly indented medially along

posterior surface, not prominently bilobed and

scarcely elevated posteriorly; metanotum weakly produced posterolaterally into shelflike processes, mesepisterna coarsely and contiguously punctate on vertical surface and with an incompletely developed

patch of white pubescence dorsally; wing with second

submarginal cell not unusually small, more than onehalf as long as first submarginal cell when measured

along posterior side; spur of middle leg about onethird as long as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal

terga II-IV basally with two spots of white pubescence on either side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV without white pubescence; pygidial plate

truncate apically; fifth metasomal sternum angularly

emarginate apically.

MALE .—Unknown.

Holotype female and two paratypes (females)

were collected at Apache, Cochise County, Arizona,

on 27 August 1968, by J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau.

The holotype and one of the paratypes are in the collections of the American Museum of Natural History;
NUMBER 1 14 15

the other paratype is deposited in the collections of

the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.G.

Holcopasites apacheorum is structurally related to

H. pulchellus, but is abundantly distinct from that

species most notably by the characters enumerated in

the key to the Spotted Species Group of Holcopasites

proper. We have been unable to recognize the male

among material available to us and conclude that it

has not been collected as yet.

2. Holcopasites calliopsidis (Linsley)

Neopasites (Neopasites) calliopsidis Linsley, 1943:124, 126,

137-138, $ $.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Northeastern, central, and

southwestern United States and Mexico.

HOSTS.—Calliopsis andrenijormis Smith (confirmed) and possibly Psuedopanurgus sp. (Table 1).

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, clypeus apically

rufotestaceous metasoma red, orange, yellow, or black,

usually with at least some red, orange, or yellow laterally and apically, though sometimes extensively and

nearly entirely black or brownish black; antennae,

tegulae, and legs usually reddish brown or deep

mahogany red; mandibles extensively rufotestaceous;

calcaria pale reddish brown. Vestiture of body chiefly

white, mostly closely appressed and forming patches

on face about antennal insertions, usually on hind margins of head, mesonotal line, dorsolateral surfaces of

pronotum, mesoscutum circumferentially, mesepisterna,

scutellum at sides and medioapically, metanotum, propodeum at sides, legs basally and on metasoma, especially on terga; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and

metasoma without golden or reddish golden pubescence. Wings faintly violaceous, feebly infuscated

apically. Length 4-6 mm. Eyes bare or at most with a

few, scattered, minute hairs; face above antennae

closely and rather coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor largely impunctate; antennae with first

flagellar segment equaling combined length of succeeding two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated

by much less than twice their diameters; in terocellar distance slightly less than ocellorbital distance; rear angle

of mandible situated near middle of eye; labrum at

most obsolescently carinate longitudinally, without a

thornlike tubercle basally, irregularly and variably

punctate on basal half or more, usually impunctate

mediolongitudinally; ventral surface of head finely,

though irregularly and sparsely, punctate adjacent to

hypostomal carinae. Mesoscutum coarsely and closely

punctate, very nearly rugosopunctate throughout;

scutellum entire or at most only weakly indented

medially on posterior dorsal surface, not prominently

bilobed though moderately elevated posteriorly; metanotum produced posterolaterally into well-developed

posteriorly projected shelflike processes; mesepisternum densely and nearly rugosely punctate dorsally

and with an irregularly and variably developed ringlike patch of white pubescence; forewing with second

submarginal cell not unusually small, one-half or more

as long as first submarginal cell when measured along

posterior side; spur of middle leg nearly one-half as

long as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga

11-IV basally with two discrete spots of white pubescence on either side of middle, dorsal surface of first

metasomal tergum usually with a large irregular patch

of white pubescence on either side of middle; apical

margin of tergum IV with four nearly equidistant

small spots of white pubescence; pygidial plate apically rounded; fifth metasomal sternum entire or at

most only weakly incurved medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 3.5-6 mm. Eyes bare or

at most with a few, scattered, minute hairs; face as in

female; antennae with first flagellar segment longer

than combined length of succeeding two segments;

ocelli and rear angle of mandible situated as in female; labrum as in female; ventral surface of head

somewhat more closely punctate than in female, but

with large polished and shining interspaces. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, and

wings as in female; tegulae punctate throughout.

Metasomal terga II-VI basally with two discrete spots

of white pubescence on either side of middle, dorsal

surface of first metasomal tergum with an irregular

patch of white pubescence on either side of middle;

apical margin of tergum IV with a short band of

white pubescence laterally; apical margin of tergum

V with four nearly equidistant short bands or spots of

white pubescence; basin of metasoma not sharply defined, punctured at least laterally; apical margin of

sixth metasomal tergum neither bisinuate in outline

nor with a median triangular projection; seventh

metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as seen from

above, nearly right angled on either side of pygidial

plate; pygidial plate less than twice as long as maxi-
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

mum basal width, rather broadly liguliform in outline.

This species, which is one of the more easily distinguishable species of the subgenus Holcopasites, is

the most wide-ranging species of the genus. There is

a good deal of variation in the coloration of the metasoma; however, on the basis of colorational features

of the metasomal terga two geographically segregable

subspecies are recognizable.

Key to the Subspecies of Holcopasites calliopsidis

1. Metasomal terga extensively or entirely red or orange calliopsidis

Metasomal terga extensively brownish black or dark in coloration, apically margined with

yellowish or orange carinatus

Holcopasites calliopsidis calliopsidis (Linsley),

new status

FIGURES 2, 6

Neopasites illinoiensis.— authors, not Robertson 1891, Crawford 1903:334 [Nebraska: Lincoln and West Point, 4-11

September, Solidago rigida, and Grindelia squarrosa].—

Swenk 1907:297 [Nebraska: Lincoln, West Point, Cedar

Bluffs, and Omaha at flowers of Solidago rigida and

Grindelia squarrosa in fall and at flowers of Ratibida

columnaris, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, and Asclepias in

the summer. Note: Some of these records evidently also

apply to Holcopasites stevensi, q.v.].

Neopasites pulchellus.—authors, not Cresson, 1878, Cockerell

and Robbins 1910:190 [Colorado: Colorado Springs].

Holcopasites pulchellus.—authors, not Cresson 1878, Cockerell 1928:111; 1934:12 [Colorado: Denver].

Holcopasites stevensi.—authors, not Crawford 1903, Popov

1933:62-63, fig. 56, fig. 7, $ $ [Iowa: Sioux City].—

Ainslie 1937: 99-100 [Iowa: Sioux City].

Holcopasites illinoiensis.—not Robertson 1891, Ainslie 1937:

255.

Neopasites (Neopasites) pulchellus, in part, (not Cresson

1878), Linsley 1943:133 [Colorado records only; New

Mexico records apply to Holcopasites calliopsidis calliopsidis, q.v.].

Neopasites (Neopasites) calliopsidis Linsley, 1943:124, 126,

137-138, 9 $ [Iowa: Sioux City. Kansas: Manhattan.

Montana: Forsyth]; 1944:280 [Colorado: Boulder on

Chrysopsis; 2 miles north of Boulder on Chrysopsis; and

Cuchara Camps, Spanish Peaks, elevation 8,000 ft., on

Aster].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) calliopsidis.—Linsley 1951:

1207, 9 $ [Iowa, Kansas, Montana, and Colorado].—

Linsley, MacSwain, and Smith 1956:82 [Mexico: nine

miles southwest of Fresnillo in Zacatecas].—Mitchell 1962:

486-487, table 16, $ $ [Minnesota to Michigan, south to

Tennessee].—Rozen 1966:33 [New Jersey: Watchung

Reservation, Union County. Pennsylvania: Brookville,

Jefferson County]; Krombein 1967:498.

Holcopasites calliopsidis.—Shinn 1967:928-929 ["...parasitizes Calliopsis andreniformis at Lawrence, Kansas;

Nacogdoches, Texas; Knoxville, Tennessee; and apparently

in Iowa and Illinois"].

Holcopasites pseudocarinatus Mitchell, 1962:486, 489-490,

table 16, $ [Wisconsin: U. Hill Farm, Madison. New

synonymy].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) pseudocarinatus.—Krombein

1967:499.

LOCATION OF TYPES.—H. calliopsidis, Academy of

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; H. pseudocarinatus,

North Carolina State University, Raleigh.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Northeastern, central, and

southwestern United States (Arizona, Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri,

Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North

Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wisconsin) and

southward into Mexico (Zacatecas).

HOSTS.—Calliopsis andreniformis Smith (confirmed) and possibly Pseudopanurgus sp. (Table 1).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—ARIZONA. COCONINO

COUNTY: Flagstaff, 2 $ , VIII-7 to 9-59 (K.V. Krombein, USNM).

COLORADO. "1604", d (USNM). ARAPAHOE

COUNTY: Littleton, <?, VI-22-11 (AMNH). BOULDER COUNTY: d, VII-6-26 (C. H. Hicks, UCR).

Boulder, cT, 9 , VI-26-39, flowers Chrysopsis (P. H.

Timberlake, UCR); ? , VI-28-39, flowers Chrysopsis

(P. H. Timberlake, UCR). Boulder, 2 mi N, $ , VI25-39, flowers Chrysopsis (P. H. Timberlake, UCR).

Longmont, 2$ , VI-10 to 12-40 (L. Lanham, CIS).

DENVER COUNTY: Denver, d, VI-18-18 (E. C. Jackson, CIS); d, VII-4-45 (R. W. L. Potts, CIS).

HUERFANO COUNTY: Cuchara Camps, Spanish Peaks,

8,000 ft, 2d \ VII-4-39, flowers Aster (P. H. Timberlake, UCR).

ILLINOIS. CHAMPAIGN COUNTY: Urbana, °.,

VII-1-63 (E. R. JAYCOX, GEB); $ , VI-25-64 (E. R.

JAYCOX, GEB). JACKSON COUNTY: Carbondale, d,

V-16-57 (D. Koehler, UCD) ; $ , V-31-57 (J. C. Downey, UCD). MADISON COUNTY: Edwardsville, d,

VI-4-41 (H. H. Ross and Mohr, INHS). UNION
NUMBE R 11 4 17

COUNTY: Giant City State Park, ? , VII-6-63 (R. M.

Bohart, UCD). WABASH COUNTY: Mount Carmel,

? , VI-6-41 (H. H. Ross and Mohr, INHS).

IOWA. COUNTY #28, d, VI-20-34 (H. C. Knutson, USNM). COUNTY #32, d, VII-7-34 (H. E.

Jaques, USNM). BOONE COUNTY: Boone, 7 mi NE,

6o*, 4 $ , VI-22-56 (W. E. LaBerge, UN). Boone, 13

mi NW, ? , VIII-6-56 and ? , VIII-14-56 (W. E.

LaBerge). CARROLL COUNTY: Carroll, 9c?, 2? ,

VI-8-63 (R. M. Bohart, UCD). JOHNSON COUNTY:

Iowa City, d, VI-20-63 (R. M. Bohart, UCD).

STORY COUNTY: Ames, d, VIII-8-58( D. A. Haws,

GEB). Ames, 2 mi N, 2 ? , VII-6-56 (W. E. LaBerge,

UN). WOODBURY COUNTY: Sioux City (all collected

by C. N. Ainslie), 2d\ 12$, no date (AMNH, CIS,

KU, UCR) ; ?, VII-8-21 (AMNH) ; ?, VII-19-24

(AMNH); 4$ , VI-26-26 (AMNH); 2d, 2? , VII3-26 (AMNH, CIS, KU, USNM); 2$ , VIII-5-27

(CIS, USNM); ? , VIII-22-27 (KU); 3? , VII-20-

28 (CIS, USNM); 4 ?, VII-13-29 (USNM); ? , VI4-30 (CIS); 2d, ? , VI-14-30 (USNM); cT, 7$ ,

VII-3-30 (CAS, CIS, USNM); 25 $, VII-5-30 (CIS,

USNM); c? ? , VI-9-31 (ANSP, CAS, CIS, UCR);

?, VI-13-31 (CIS); VII-2-35 (USNM); 28d\ 2$ ,

VI-1936 (USNM); $, VI-2-37 (CAS); d, VI-21-

37 (UCR);?, VI-16-38 (USNM); ? , VI-13-40

(KU).

KANSAS. DOUGLAS COUNTY: d, ?, VI-1-49,

flowers Melilotus officinalis (R. H. Beamer, KU); d,

? , VI-10-51, at nesting site of Calliopsis andreniformis

(J. G. Rozen, AMNH) ; 2 $, VI-17-51 (J. G. Rozen,

AMNH); <?, V-24-62 (W. J. Hanson, KU). Lawrence, 2? , VI-11-51, flowers Melilotus sp. (W. E.

LaBerge, UN) ; ? , VI-20-52 (C. D. Michener, KU);

d, VI-28-57 (A. F. Shinn); d, VI-11-59 (E. Ordway, KU); 20?, VM3-63 (D. W. Ribble). Lawrence, 10 mi W ? , VI-12-50 (J. R. White, KU).

Potter Lake (southeast of), Lawrence, VI-12-57,

sweeping flowers Trifolium re pens (A. F. Shinn).

Sunnyside, Lawrence, d, ? , VI-12-5 7 and ? ,

VI-18-57, sweeping flowers Trifolium repens (A. F.

Shinn). RILEY COUNTY: Manhattan, ?, VI-11-32

(C. W. Sabrosky, KU); d, VI-16-57 (E. F. Martinez,

Shinn).

KENTUCKY. HARDIN COUNTY: Fort Knox, d,

VII-8-63 (P. E. Adams, UCD).

MINNESOTA. GOODHUE COUNTY: Redwing, 11

mi S, VIII-21-60 (J. R. Powers, CIS).

MISSOURI. HENRY COUNTY : Clinton, 2 ? , VII9-63 (R. M. Bohart, UCD).

MONTANA. ROSEBUD COUNTY: Forsyth, ? (C.

N. Ainslie, CIS).

NEBRASKA. CUMING COUNTY: Westpoint, d1,

VI-12-05 and 12d\ Ho \ VI-22-05 (H. S. Smith,

UN); d, VI-20, flowers of daisy (UN); 20d,

VI-27, flowers Ratibida (UN, CIS); 2d\ VI-27,

flowers Symphoricarpos (UN). DIXON COUNTY:

Concord, d, 2? , VII-14-15, flowers Solidago (E. G.

Anderson, UN). DOUGLAS COUNTY: Omaha, 3d,

4 ? , VII-4-06 (F. H. Shoemaker, UN); ? , VII-1-13

(L. T. Williams, UN); d, ?, VI-23-14, flowers

Achillea millefolium (L. T. Williams, UN). LANCASTER COUNTY: Lincoln, ? , VI-28-10 (R. W. Dawson, UN) ; d, VI-30-10 (F. A. Burnham, UN); d,

VIII-6-16, flowers Solidago (M. H. Swenk, UN).

Malcom, 2? , VI-18-59, flowers Melilotus (W. E. La

Berge, UN). Roca, d, VI-28-10, sucking nectar from

Anthemis cotula (M. H. Swenk, UN). RICHARDSON

COUNTY: Rulo, d, VII-1-15 (E. V. Partridge, UN).

SAUNDERS COUNTY: Cedar Bluffs, 3? , VII (H. S.

Smith, UN).

NEW JERSEY. BERGEN COUNTY: Closter, ? ,

VI-18-63, taken at Calliopsis nesting site (M. Statham,

AMNH). MORRIS COUNTY: Farrington Lake, d,

VI-24-62 (D. R. Whitehead, CIS). Morris Plains, ? ,

VII-20-58 (D. R. Whitehead, CIS). UNION COUNTY:

Watchung Reservation, d, VII-5-64 and 4 ? , VIII-3-

64, nest site 66 (A. R. Moldenke, AMNH).

NEW YORK. ALBANY COUNTY: Partridge Run

St. Game Area, 4 miles north of Rensselaerville, 2 ? ,

VII-2O-7O, "in nest area of Calliopsis andreniformis"

(G. and K. Eickwort, CU). RENSSELAER COUNTY:

Brainard, ? , VII-11 to 22-66 (P. and B. Wygodzinsky,

AMNH).

NORTH DAKOTA. CASS COUNTY: Fargo, ?,

IX-11-41, flowers Cleome lutea (O. A. Stevens,

AMNH). MORTON COUNTY: Mandan Ullin, 10

mi W, 5d\ 2? , VIII-7-62, associated with Calliopsis

(J. G. and B. L. Rozen, AMNH). SLOPE COUNTY:

Marmarth, 3 ? , VI1-4-49, flowers Lactuca pulchella

(O. A. Steven, AMNH).

TENNESSEE. ANDERSON COUNTY: White Oak

Lake, Atomic Energy Commission area, Oak Ridge,

d, VII-15-57 (H. F. Howden, Shinn).

TEXAS. NACOGDOCHES COUNTY: Nacogdoches,

2?,V-17-62 (A. F. Shinn).
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

UTAH. IRON COUNTY: Parowan Canyon, 5cf,

1 $ , V-28-50 (G. E. Bohart, GEB). SAN JUAN

COUNTY: La Sal Junction, 6 mi N, $ , X-3-65 (R. W.

Thorp, UCD).

WISCONSIN. DANE COUNTY: University Hill

Farm, Madison, $ , VI11-6-46, on flowers sweet clover

(J. T. Medler, UNC).

MEXICO. ZACATECAS: Fresnillo, 9 mi SW, 7 ? ,

VI11-7 to 14-56, associated with nests of Pseudopanurgus (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, and R. F.

Smith, CIS, Linsley, MacSwain and Smith, 1956:82);

11 $ , VIII-20-56 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS).

Holcopasites calliopsidis proper is perhaps the most

common member of the genus. It occurs over a large

area of the United States and has been found as far

south as Zacatecas in Mexico. It is geographically

replaced in southern Texas and eastern Mexico by

the generally more darkly colored H. calliopsidis

carinatus. An examination of the holotype of H.

pseudocarinatus Mitchell reveals that the specimen

agrees in all essential characteristics with the holotype

of H. calliopsidis and is accordingly placed in

synonymy.

Holcopasites calliopsidis carinatus (Linsley),

new status

Neopasites (Neopasites) carinatus Linsley, 1943:124, 127—

128, $ [Texas: Hidalgo County].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) carinatus. —Linsley 1951:1207,

$ [Texas].

LOCATION OF TYPE.—University of Kansas, Lawrence.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southern Texas and eastern

Mexico (Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi, and Vera Cruz).

HOST.—Unknown.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—UNITED STATES.

TEXAS. BRAZORIA COUNTS,-: Sweeney, <J, V-6-53,

flowers Teucrium (R. H. Beamer, KU). CAMERON

COUNTY: Brownsville, ? , June (2382, KU). Southmost, d\ IV-13-50 (R. H. Beamer, C. D. Michener,

J. G. Rozen, and W. P. Stephen, KU); d, ? , VI-13-

53, flowers Lippia (University of Kansas Expedition,

KU). HIDALGO COUNTY: 9 , VII-30-38 (R. H.

Beamer, KU). Progresso, ? , IV-12-50 (R. H.

Beamer, C. D. Michener, J. G. Rozen, and W. P.

Stephen, KU).

MEXICO. HIDALGO: Pachuca, 14 mi SW, 7,500

ft, d\ 2$ , VI1-9-61 (University of Kansas Mexican

Expedition, KU). Tezontepec, 21 mi SW of Actopan,

6,600 ft, d\ VIII-27-62 (E. Ordway and N. Marston,

KU). SAN LUIS POTOSI: Ciudad del Maiz, 5 mi E,

4,700 ft, d, VIII-22 to 23-54 (University of Kansas

Mexican Expedition, KU). Ciudad del Maiz, 13 mi

E, 3,700 ft, d, VII-23-62 (University of Kansas Mexican Expedition, KU). El Salto, 1,800 ft, d, VI-8-61,

flowers Kallstroemia hirsutissima (University of Kansas Mexican Expedition, KU). VERACRUZ: Sayula,

3 mi N, d, IV-18-53 (R. C. Bechtel and E. I.

Schlinger, CIS).

Holcopasites calliopsidis carinatus, which was previously known only from the holotype female, is now

known to occur from southern Texas (the type locality) to southern Mexico (Vera Cruz). The male is

very similar in appearance to the female in the dark

coloration of the metasomal terga. Since we have been

unable to find any structural differences between this

and H. calliopsidis, and since these nominal forms

occupy allopatric ranges, we consider them to be

subspecies of the same species. H. calliopsidis carinatus

has the metasoma chiefly brownish black or dark in

coloration with apices of the terga margined with

yellow or orange.

3. Holcopasites bohartorum Hurd and Linsley,

new species

FIGURE 8

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma red

or chiefly so, terga sometimes clouded or darkened

medially; antennae and legs dark reddish brown or

black; mandibles, anterior margin of clypeus, and

tegulae rufotestaceous in coloration; calcaria reddish

brown. Vestiture of body chiefly white, mostly closely

appressed and forming patches on face about antennal

insertions, head posteriorly, mesonotal line, dorsolateral surfaces of pronotum, mesoscutum circumferentially, mesepisterna, scutellum marginally and

medioapically, metanotum laterally and medially,

propodeum at sides, legs, especially coxae, femora, and

tibiae, and on metasoma, particularly on terga; dorsal

surfaces of head, thorax, and metasoma not conspicuously clothed with golden or reddish golden

pubescence. Wings feebly violaceous, lightly infuscated

apically. Length 6-7 mm. Eyes bare; face above

antennae closely and coarsely punctate, neither

bigibbosely swollen nor largely impunctate; antennae

with first flagellar segment shorter than combined
NUMBER 1 14 19

length of succeeding two segments; anterior and

lateral ocelli separated by less than twice their diameters; interocellar distance about equal to ocellorbital

distance; rear angle of mandible situated near middle

of eye; labrum not longitudinally carinate medially,

without a thornlike tubercle near base, not closely

punctate on basal half, with large impunctate or

sparsely punctate shiny areas basally; ventral surface

of head sparingly punctate, largely impunctate areas

adjacent to hypostomal carinae. Mesoscutum coarsely

and rugosopunctate throughout; scutellum at most

only weakly indented medially behind, not prominently bilobed and not strongly elevated posteriorly; metanotum produced posterolaterally into prominent posteriorly projected shelflike processes;

mesepisternum coarsely and rather rugosely punctate

dorsally with a large, irregularly ring-shaped patch of

white pubescence above; wing with second submarginal cell not unusually small, more than one-half as

long as first submarginal cell when measured along

posterior side; spur of middle leg nearly one-half as

long as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga

II-IV basally with two spots of white pubescence

(narrowly coalesced) on either side of middle to form

a basal pair of bilobed bands, dorsal surface of first

metasomal tergum similarly pubescent; apical margin

of tergum IV with four nearly equidistant short bands

or spots of white pubescence; pygidial plate obtusely

rounded apically; fifth metasomal sternum nearly

truncate apically, not emarginate medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 6 mm. Eyes bare; face and

antennae as in female; ocelli and rear angle of mandible situated as in female; labrum longitudinally carinate medially, somewhat more closely and densely

punctate than in female; ventral surface of head

rather closely and coarsely punctate adjacent to

hypostomal carinae, interspaces polished and shining.

Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum,

and wings as in female; tegulae very nearly punctate

throughout. Metasomal terga 11-VI basally with two

discrete spots of white pubescence (narrowly coalesced) on either side of middle to form a basal pair

of bilobed bands, dorsal surface of first metasomal

tergum with a patch of white pubescence on either

side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV with a

short band of white pubescence laterally; apical margin of tergum V with four nearly equidistant short

bands of white pubescence; basin of metasoma not

sharply defined, punctured at least at sides; apical

margin of sixth metasomal tergum neither bisinuate

in outline nor with a median triangular projection;

seventh metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as

seen from above, strongly right angled on either side

of pygidial plate; pygidial plate more than twice as

long as maximum basal width parallel sided, narrowly

liguliform in outline.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southwestern United States

(Arizona and adjacent southeastern California).

HOST.—Unknown.

Holotype male, Kingman, Mohave County, Arizona, 9 May (G. F. Knowlton), is deposited in the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, San

Francisco. Allotype female, eighteen miles west of

Blythe, Riverside County, California, was collected

3 April 1963, by R. M. Bohart where he had previously (9 April 1962) taken two females (paratypes).

The allotype is in the collection of G. E. Bohart, and

the paratypes are deposited in the insect collections

of the University of California, Davis. An additional

paratype female was collected at Granite Reef Dam,

Maricopa County, Arizona, on 16 June 1964, by M.

A. Cazier and M. Mortenson and is property of the

California Insect Survey, University of California,

Berkeley.

Although the patterning of the white pubescence

on the metasomal terga of Holcopasites bohartorum

(Figure 8) is unique among the Spotted Species

Group of the subgenus Holcopasites (Figures 6-11)

in that the spots on either side of the midline are narrowly coalesced to form somewhat bilobed basal

bands, it is evident from the other characteristics of

this species, presented in the description above, that

this species is more closely related to this group of

species than it is to those assigned to the Banded

Species Group (see Figures 13-16 by way of comparison). H. bohartorum, which we dedicate to Drs. G.

E. and R. M. Bohart, is one of the larger species of

the subgenus and is structurally most closely related

to H. calliopsidis.

4. Holcopasites heliopsis (Robertson)

FIGURE 9

Ammobates heliopsis Robertson, 1897:352-353, $ [Illinois:

Carlinville].

Neopasites heliopsis.—Robertson 1900:55 [Illinois].— Crawford 1903:334 [Nebraska: West Point and Lincoln, on

flowers Aster, Grindelia squarrosa, and Solidago rigid a.].—
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Swenk 1907:298 [Nebraska: Lincoln, West Point, Springview, and Warbonnet Canyon, Sioux County on flowers

Aster, Grindelia squarrosa, and Aster in the fall, and on

Senecio in the summer].—Ducke 1908:45.—Linsley 1944:

280 [Montana: Winnecook].—Stevens 1951:204, fig. 1

[North Dakota: Drake, Fargo, Hatton, Mandan, McKenzie,

Tolley, Valley City, Wales, and Williston, mostly at

gumweed, also golden aster (Chrysopsis), Cleome lutea,

fleabane, and Solidago canadensis].

Holcopasites he Hop sis.—Cockerell and Robbins 1910:190

[Colorado: Boulder at flowers Grindelia].—Crawford

1915:124, 9 & ; Cockerell 1928:111 [Colorado: Boulder].

Neopasites (Neopasites) heliopsis.—Linsley 1943:124, 125,

129-130, 9 $ [Alberta: Lethbridge and Alberta. Arkansas: Ouachita Mountains, 2.5 miles north of Ft. Smith.

Colorado: Boulder. Iowa: Sioux City. Montana: Winnecook. Nebraska: Lincoln and West Point. North Dakota:

Fargo, Marmath, McKenzie, Minot, Mott, and Nicholson.

Flower records: Brauneria pallida, Grindelia squarrosa,

Mentha canadenis, and Ratibida columnaris].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) heliopsis.—Linsley 1951:1207,

5-—Mitchell 1962:486, 487-499, 9 $ [Colorado to North

Dakota and Illinois].—Krombein 1967:498.

Holcopasites lutzi Cockerell, 1934:12, $ [Colorado: Wray].

[New synonymy.]

Neopasites (Neopasites) lutzi.—Linsley 1943:125, 132, $.

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) lutzi.—Linsley 1951:1208, $

[Colorado].

LOCATION OF TYPES.—H. heliopsis, Illinois Natural

History Survey, Urbana; H. lutzi, American Museum

of Natural History, New York.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southern Canada (Alberta)

and north-central United States (Arkansas, Colorado,

Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, and North

Dakota).

HOST.—Calliopsis nebraskensis Crawford (unconfirmed, see Table 1).

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma dark

reddish brown or deep mahogany red, apical margins

of metasomal terga yellow, orange or pale reddish

brown in coloration; antennae, clypeus apically,

mandibles, pronotal tubercles, tegulae, and legs usually

reddish brown; calcaria pale reddish brown. Vestiture

of body chiefly white, mostly closely appressed and

forming patches on face about antennal insertions,

hind margins of head, dorsolateral surfaces of pronotum, mesonotal line, mesoscutum anterolaterally,

mesepisterna marginally, scutellum laterally and

mediolongitudinally, metanotum and propodeum at

sides, legs basally and on metasoma, especially on

terga; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and metasoma

usually with almost inconspicuous golden or reddish

golden pubescence intermixed. Wings feebly violaceous, rather distinctly brownish apically. Length

5-7 mm. Eyes bare or at most with a few, scattered,

minute hairs; face above antennae coarsely rugusopunctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment shorter

than combined length of succeeding two segments;

anterior and lateral ocelli separated by much less than

twice their diameters; interocellar distance shorter

than ocellorbital distance; rear angle of mandible well

behind middle of eye; labrum longitudinally carinate

medially, without a thornlike tubercle near base,

closely punctate on basal half or more, without impunctate or sparsely punctate shiny areas basally;

ventral surface of head rather closely and coarsely

punctate especially adjacent to hypostomal carinae.

Mesoscutum coarsely and rugosopunctate throughout,

scutellum deeply cleft mediologitudinally to base,

prominently bilobed and elevated posteriorly;

metanotum without prominent posterolateral shelflike processes; mesepisternum rugosopunctate, without

clearly defined punctures and without shining inter-»

spaces, without or at most with a small, evanescent,

marginal patch of white pubescence; forewing with

second submarginal cell not unusually small, more

than one-half as long as first submarginal cell when

measured along posterior side; spur of middle leg

more than one-half as long as corresponding

basitarsus. Metasomal terga II-IV (and sometimes V

also) basally with two discrete spots of white or

yellowish white pubescence on either side of middle,

dorsal surface of first metasomal tergum with a

quasicrescentic spot of white (or yellowish white)

pubescence laterally; apical margin of tergum IV

without or with evanescent spots of whitish (or yellowish) pubescense laterally; pygidial plate truncate

apically, rounded laterally; fifth metasomal sternum

angularly emarginate medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 5-6 mm. Eyes and face as

in female; antennae with first flagellar segment at

least equaling combined length of succeeding two

segments; ocelli and rear angle of mandible situated

as in female; interocellar and ocellorbital distance

about equal; labrum essentially as in female; ventral

surface of head rather more closely and uniformly

more punctate than in female, otherwise similar.

Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum,

and wings as in female; tegulae impunctate and shining laterally. Metasomal terga II-V basally with two
NUMBER 1 14 21

discrete spots of white (or yellowish white) pubescence

on either side of middle, dorsal surface of first

metasomal tergum with similar quasicrescentic spots

of white (or yellowish) pubescence evident in female;

apical margins of terga IV and V without or with

evanescent spots of whitish (or yellowish) pubescence

laterally; basin of metasoma not sharply defined,

punctured at least at sides; apical margin of sixth

metasomal tergum not bisinuate in outline, without a

well-defined triangular projection medially; seventh

metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as seen from

above, evenly rounded, not angulately produced on

either side of pygidial plate; pygidial plate more than

twice as long as maximum basal width, parallel sided,

narrowly liguliform in outline.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—ARKANSAS. CRAWFORD

COUNTY: Ouachita Mountains, 25 mi N Ft. Smith,

2 ? , VIII-31-39 (E. C. Van Dyke, CAS, Linsley

1943:130).

COLORADO. BOULDER COUNTY: Boulder (C.

H. Hicks, Linsley 1943:132). LARIMER COUNTY:

Ft. Collins, ? , VII-13-00 (M. C. Van Duzee, CAS).

Glen Haven, d\ VII-1946 (P. B. Lawson, KU).

YUMA COUNTY: Wray, 3,700 ft, cf, VIII-17 to

19-19 (F. 4412C, AMNH).

ILLINOIS (Mitchell 1962: table 16). MACOUPIN

COUNTY: Carlinville (Linsley 1943:130).

IOWA. WOODBURY COUNTY: Sioux City, 9

(C. N. Ainslie, CIS, Linsley 1943:130).

KANSAS. CLARK COUNTY, 1,950 ft, 7c?, 2$ ,

VIII-24-11 (F. X. Williams, KU). NORTON COUNTY, 2,270 ft, 3d1

, 2? , VIII-24-12 (F. X. Williams,

KU). SMITH COUNTY, 1,800 ft, d\ 3? , IX-4-12

(F. X.Williams, KU).

MONTANA. Winnecook, d\ VII-19-39, flowers

Mentha canadensis (S. S. Berry, UCR, Linsley 1943:

130, 1944:280).

NEBRASKA. BROWN COUNTY: Springview

Bridge, ? , VI-21-02, flowers Senecio (J. C. Crawford, USNM). CUMING COUNTY: Westpoint, <$,

VIII-16-03, on flowers Grindelia (J. C. Crawford,

USNM, Linsley, 1943:130); ? , IX-11-06, flowers

Aster multifloris (J. C. Crawford, AMNH).

DAWES COUNTY: Ft. Robinson, ?, VIII-12-71, flying over nesting site of Calliopsis nebraskensis Crawford (K. C. Rozen, AMNH). DOUGLAS COUNTY:

Omaha, $, VIII-16-13, flowers Helianthus (L. T.

Williams, UN). LANCASTER COUNTY: Lincoln, 4$ ,

September (UN, CIS); 4°., IX-1-01, flowers

Grindelia (M. A. Carriker, Jr., UN); <f, same

date, flowers Solidago (M. Cary, USNM); $,

IX-2-01 (J. C. Crawford, UCR); ? , same date,

on flowers Grindelia (J. C. Crawford, KU);

5d\ 4$ , VIII-27-02, flowers Solidago (M H.

Swenk, UN, USNM, CU); 3$ , IX-7-03 (W. D.

Pierce, UCR, USNM); cf, IX-17-17, flowers

Grindelia squarrosa (L. Bruner, UN). SCOTTS

BLUFF COUNTY: Mitchell, d\ VI-25-13, flowers

Astragalus adsurgens (L. M. Gates, UN). Sioux

COUNTY: Monroe Canyon, $, VIII—7-08, flowers

Solidago (R. W. Dawson, UN). War Bonnet Canyon,

2 ? , VII-23-01, flowers Helianthus (M. A. Carriker,

Jr., UN).

NORTH DAKOTA. BARNES COUNTY: Valley

City, cf, VII-27-15, flowers Chrysopsis (O. A.

Stevens, USNM) ; 9, VIII-27-15, flowers Ratibida

columnaris (O. A. Stevens, AMNH). BURLEIGH

COUNTY: McKenzie, cf, 39 , VIII-5-13, on flowers

Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH, USNM).

CASS COUNTY: Fargo, cf, VIII-10-17, flowers

Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH); cf, 9 »

VIII—11—17, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A.

Stevens, AMNH); 2 9 , VIII-12-17, flowers Grindelia

squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH); 9, VIII-17-11,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, CIS).

HETTINGER COUNTY: Mott, 2<f, 9, VII-7-18,

flowers Brauneria pallida (O. A. Stevens, AMNH).

SARGEANT COUNTY: Nicholson, cf, VII—4—13,

flowers Ratibida columnaris (O. A. Stevens, CIS).

SLOPE COUNTY: Marmarth, 2cf, VII-4-18, flowers

Brauneria pallida (O. A. Stevens, AMNH). WARD

COUNTY: Minot, 9, VII-25-15, flowers Ratibida

columnaris (O. A. Stevents, AMNH).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Lethbridge and Medicine

Hat (Sladen, Linsley 1943:130).

Among the species of the Spotted Species Group of

the subgenus Holcopasites, H. heliopsis is easily recognized by the strongly elevated scutellum which is

deeply cleft medially to the base and by the absence

or nearly so of any white pubescence on the vertical

face of the mesepistemum. In its dark coloration this

species bears a striking resemblance to H. pulchellus,

but it is usually larger and is provided with much less

extensive patches of white (or yellowish white) pubescence especially on the dorsal surfaces of the head,

thorax, and metasoma. It has most frequently been

collected at the flowers of various Compositae and

on a number of occasions has been found visiting the
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

same flowers in company with H. stevensi and H.

pulchellus. Although nothing is known about its host

relationships, recently a female of this species was

collected by K. C. Rozen at a nesting site of Calliopsis

(Verbenapis) nebraskensis Crawford. Even though a

number of C. nebraskensis were nesting in the area,

only the single specimen of Holcopasites was observed

at the nesting site. Excavation of the nests failed to

demonstrate immatures of Holcopasites.

5. Holcopasites pulchellus (Cresson)

FIGURES 10, 11

Phileremus? pulchellus Cresson, 1878:84,9, ? & (Colorado);

1879:217.

Ammobates pulchellus.—Dalla Torre 1896:498, 9 $ [Colorado].

Phileremus pulchellus.—Cockerell 1898:60 [New Mexico:

Santa Fe].

Neopasites pulchellus.—Cockerell 1903:452.

Holcopasites pulchellus.—Crawford 1915:123.

Neopasites (Neopasites) pulchellus.—Linsley 1943:124,

125, 132-133, 9 S [Cimmaron, New Mexico, and Colorado

Springs, Colorado, records apply to Holocopasites apacheoTum and H. calliopsidis calliopsidis, respectively].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) pulchellus.—Linsley 1951:1208

9 & [Colorado and New Mexico].

Neopasites robertsoni Crawford, 1906:283-284, 9 $ [Nebraska : Lincoln and West Point, at flowers of Solidago].—

Swenk 1907:298 [Nebraska: Lincoln, at flowers of

Solidago rigida}.—Cockerell 1911:390 [North Dakota:

Agricultural College, at flowers of Grindelia squarrosa].—

Linsley 1944:280 [North Dakota: Hatton].—Stevens 1951:

204 [North Dakota: Fargo, Valley City, McKenzie,

Mandan, Hatton, Wales, Drake, Tolley, and Williston, 6

August to 11 September, mostly at gumweed, also golden

aster (Chrysopsis), Cleome lutea, fleabane and goldenrod,

Solidago canadensis. New synomymy].

Holcopasites robertsoni.—Crawford 1915:123, 124.—Cockerell 1928:111 [Colorado: Boulder].—Popov 1933:62, fig.

6, $ 9 [North Dakota: Fargo and Williston].—Linsley,

MacSwain, and Smith 1956:82 [Mexico: 9 miles southwest of Fresnillo, Zacatecas].

Neopasites (Neopasites) robertsoni.—Linsley 1943:124, 125,

130-131, 9 $ [Alberto: Prince Albert. Colorado: Boulder. Nebraska: Lincoln and West Point. North Dakota:

Bismarck, Drake, Fargo, McKenzie Mandan, Marmarth,

Minot, Mott, Tollig, Valley City, and Wales. Flower records: Brauneria pallida, Chrysopsis, Erigeron philadelphicus, Grindelia squarrosa, and Solidago canadensis].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) robertsoni robertsoni.—Linsley

1951:1208 9 $ [Alberta to North Dakota, Nebraska, and

Colorado].

Neopasites (Neopasites) robertsoni pubescens Linsley, 1943:

131-132, $ [New Mexico: Gallina Creek, Jemez Mountains, 8,500 ft. New synonymy].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) robertsoni pubescens.—Linsley

1951:1208, 3 [New Mexico].

LOCATIONS OF TYPES. H. pubescens, California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; H. pulchellus,

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; H.

robertsoni, U.S. National Museum of Natural History,

Washington, D.C.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southern Canada (Alberta

and Saskatchewan), north-central (North Dakota and

Nebraska) and southwestern United States (Arizona,

Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah), and

Mexico (Durango, Michoacan, and Zacatecas).

HOST (unconfirmed).—Pseudopanurgus sp. (Table

DFEMALE.—Head and thorax black or at least dark

in coloration, often pruinose on ventrally exposed

surfaces, metasoma dark reddish brown, deep mahogany red, occasionally nearly entirely black with reddened tergal apices or rarely extensively reddish,

though darkened or clouded with black medially,

especially on apical terga; antennae, clypeus often

apically, mandibles, pronotal tubercles usually and

tegulae frequently reddish brown or rufotestaceous in

coloration; legs usually dark reddish brown, often

extensively marked or clouded with black; calcaria

usually pale reddish brown. Vestiture of body conspicuously white (though extensively and thickly intermixed or supplanted with golden or reddish golden

pubescence on dorsally exposed body surfaces), mostly

closely appressed and forming white patches on face

about antennal insertions, hind margins of head,

dorsal surface of pronotum, mesonotal line, mesoscutum anteriorly, laterally and posteriorly, mesepisterna,

scutellum laterally, medially and posteriorly, and

propodeum at sides; dorsal surfaces of vertex extending

downward onto face, mesoscutum especially anteriorly

and metasomal terga (adjacent to white pubescent

patches) conspicuously and thickly clothed with

golden or reddish golden pubescence. Wings feebly

violaceous, somewhat darkened apically. Length 3.5-6

mm. Eyes bare or at most with a few, scattered,

minute hairs; face above antennae rather closely and

coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor

largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment conspicuously shorter than combined length of

succeeding two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli

separated by less than twice their diameters; interocellar distance shorter than ocellorbital distance; rear

angle of mandible situated well behind middle of eye;
NUMBER 1 14 23

labrum longitudinally carinate medially, without a

thornlike tubercle near base, not closely punctate on

basal half, with large impunctate or sparsely punctate

shiny areas basally; ventral surface of head often with

pruinose reflections in bright light, finely and irregularly punctate adjacent to hypostomal carinae, interspaces variable in extent and shiny. Mesoscutum

distinctly though closely and rather coarsely punctate

throughout; scutellum usually deeply cleft medially

to base, thus usually prominently bilobed, strongly

elevated behind; metanotum not produced posterolaterally into prominent, posteriorly projected shelflike

processes; mesepisternum distinctly punctate, the

punctures well separated, interspaces usually shining,

with a large, conspicuous patch of white pubescence

on vertical face; forewing with second submarginal

cell not unusually small, more than one-half as long

as first submarginal cell when measured along posterior side; spur of middle leg about one-half as long

as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga 11-IV

basally with two discrete spots of white pubescence on

either side of middle, dorsal surface of first metasomal

tergum with a variably sized and shaped patch or

divided patch of white (or yellowish white) pubescence on either side of middle, sometimes covering

much of dorsolateral surface and coalescing narrowly

posteriorly, sometimes restricted in extent and nearly

crescentic in shape, sometimes bipartite and sometimes expressed as a narrow longitudinal stripe; apical

margin of tergum IV usually without white pubescence, if present then expressed as an evanescent

patch of white pubescence laterally on each side;

pygidial plate rather broadly, almost truncately

rounded; fifth metasomal sternum angularly incurved

medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 4-5 mm. Eyes, face, antennae, ocelli, rear angle of mandibles, labrum, ventral

surface of head essentially as in female. Mesoscutum,

scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, and wings as

in female; tegulae impunctate and shining laterally.

Metasomal terga II-V (and usually VI) basally with

two discrete spots of white (or yellowish) pubescence

on either side of middle, dorsal surface of first metasomal tergum similarly variable and disposed as in

female; apical margins of terga IV and V clothed or

not as in female; basin of metasoma sharply defined,

impunctate; apical margin of sixth metasomal tergum

at most feebly bisinuate in outline, without a median

triangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with

lateral margins, as seen from above, evenly rounded,

not angulately produced on either side of pygidial

plate; pygidial plate more than twice as long as maximum basal width, nearly parallel sided, rather narrowly liguliform in outline.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—CANADA. ALBERTA:

Bilby, d, VI-28-24 (O. Bryant, CAS). Tilley, ? ,

VIII-25-40 (J. L. Carr, UA). SASKATCHEWAN:

Prince Albert (Sladen, Linsley 1943:131).

UNITED STATES. ARIZONA. COCHISE COUNTY: Douglas, 1 mi N, $, VIII-16-62, flowers Bahia

absinthifolia var. dealbata (E. G. Linsley, CIS.) Portal

2 mi NE, 9, X-l-61 (M. A. Cazier, CIS). Portal, 9,

mi NE, ? , X-l-61 (M. A. Cazier, CIS). Portal, 9,

VIII-31-58 (P. D. Hurd, CIS). YAVAPAI COUNTY:

Congress, 4 mi SW, 9> IX—15-61, flowers Hymenothrix wislizeni (P. D. Hurd, CIS).

COLORADO. BOULDER COUNTY: Boulder, (C.

H. Hicks, Linsley 1943:131). LARIMER COUNTY:

Glacier Basin Campgrounds, Rocky Mountain National Park, 9, VIII-29-62 (W. B. Kerfoot, KU).

MONTEZUMA COUNTY: Mesa Verde National Park,

8,000 ft, 9, VIII-8-57 (C. D. Michener, KU).

Rio BLANCO COUNTY: Meeker, 23 mi S, 209, VIII20-62 (R. M. Bohart, UCD, GEB, CIS).

NEBRASKA. CUMING COUNTY: West Point, d,

VIII-3O-O3, flowers Solidago sp. (J. C. Crawford,

USNM, Linsley 1943:131). LANCASTER COUNTY:

Lincoln, 9, VIII-27-02, flowers Solidago sp. (M. H.

Swenk, USNM); 9, September (CIS).

NEW MEXICO. EDDY COUNTY: Carlsbad, 5 mi

N, d\ IX-21-56 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS). LUNA

COUNTY: Deming, 17 mi E, 3d, 16 9, IX-17-66,

flowers Dyssodia cocinna (P. Torchio, R. Rust, G.

Wood, N. Yousef, GEB, CIS). Rio ARRIBA COUNTY:

Gallina Creek, Jemez Mountains, 8,500 ft, d, VII24-30 (J. C. Chamberlin, CAS).

NORTH DAKOTA. BARNES COUNTY: Valley

City, d, VIII-13-22, flowers Chrysopsis sp. (O. A.

Stevens, AMNH, Linsley 1943:131). BURLEIGH

COUNTY: Bismarck (O. A. Stevens, Linsley 1943:

131). McKenzie, 2d\ VIII-5-13, flowers Grindelia

squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH, USNM, Linsley

1943:131). CAVALIER COUNTY: Wales, 9 , VIII-8-

13, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens,

AMNH, Linsley 1943:131). CASS COUNTY: Agricultural College, d, 2 9, no date, flowers Grindelia

squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH, USNM, CU).
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Fargo, 2$ , VIII—17—11, flowers Grindelia squarrosa

(O. A. Stevens, AMNH, USNM); d\ VIII-24-12,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH);

$ , VIII-22-15, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A.

Stevens, AMNH); d, VIII-11-17, flowers Grindelia

squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH) ; $ , VIII-12-17,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH);

? , VIII-17-17 (P. W. Fattig, USNM); $ , VIII22-22, flowers Solidago canadensis (O. A. Stevens,

AMNH). GOLDEN VALLEY COUNTY: Beach, $ ,

VIII-25-23 (C. N. Ainslie, KU). GRAND FORKS

COUNTY: Grand Forks, ? , VIII-19-15 (P. W. Fattig, USNM). HETTINGER COUNTY: Mott (O. A.

Stevens, Linsley 1943:131). MCHENRY COUNTY:

Drake, 9> VIII—24-15, flowers Grindelia squarrosa

(O. A. Stevens, USNM, Linsley 1943:131). Granville,

? , VIII-7-15, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A.

Stevens, CIS); $ , VIII-17-15, flowers Grindelia

squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, USNM). MORTON COUNTY: Mandan (O. A. Stevens, Linsley 1943:131).

RAMSEY COUNTY: Devils Lake, $ , VIII-20-13,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, CIS).

RENVILLE COUNTY: Tolley, $ , VIII-6-15, flowers

Erigeron philadelphicus (O. A. Stevens, AMNH, Linsley 1943:131). SLOPE COUNTY: Marmarth (O. A.

Stevens, Linsley 1943:131). TRAILL COUNTY: Hatton, $ , VIII—3—40, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O.

A. Stevens, AMNH, Linsley 1943:131). WARD

COUNTY: Minot (O. A. Stevens, Linsley 1943:131).

WILLIAMS COUNTY: Williston, <?, VIII-15-15, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH).

TEXAS. MCLENNAN COUNTY: Waco, 2? , X -

12-06, flowers Amphiachyrus dracunuloides (F. C.

Bishopp, USNM).

UTAH. UINTAH COUNTY: Vernal, 5 mi N, 2o",

3 ? , VI-24-30 (C. D. Michener, KU). WASATCH

COUNTY: Heber, 2? , VIII-11-62 (R. M. Bohart,

CIS, UCD).

MEXICO. DURANGO: Bermejillo, $ , XI-1-65

(G. E. and A. S. Bohart, GEB). Ceballos, 2 ? , X-5 -

66 (G. E. and A. S. Bobart, GEB); <f, ? , IX-19-68

(G. E. Bohart, GEB). Ceballos, 10 mi S, 1 <f, IX-20-

70 (G. E. and R. M. Bohart, GEB). GUERRERO:

Zihuatanejo, 3d\ XII-12-66 (G. E. Bohart, GEB).

JALISCO: Guadalajara, 3$ , IX-16-70 (G. E. and R.

M. Bobart, GEB).

MICHOACAN: Morelia, 10 mi N, 5, 900 ft, d, VII28-62 (University of Kansas Mexican Expedition,

KU). ZACATECAS: Fresnillo, 9 mi SE, 3d \ 89 ,

VIII—7 to 14-54, collected at nesting site of Pseudopanurgus sp. (E. G. Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, and

R. F. Smith, CIS, Linsley 1956:82, as 9 mi SW of

Fresnillo). Fresnillo, 9 mi S, 4$ , VIII-20-54 (E. G.

Linsley, J. W. MacSwain, and R. F. Smith, CIS).

Tabasco, 5 mi N, d\ 6 ? , IX-18-70 (G. E. and R.

M. Bohart, GEB).

Holcopasites pulchellus is a widely ranging species

in North America, having been found principally in

the Rocky Mountain region and well south into Mexico (Guerrero and Michoacan). It is quite variable in

coloration of the integument and pubescence. The

patches of pale pubescence, especially those on the

metasomal terga, tend to become increasingly more

extensive in the more arid and southern parts of its

range. In the northern or elevationally higher localities of its range, this pubescence tends to be restricted

in the form of small patches which are not infrequently yellowish white in coloration. At lower elevations and especially in more arid areas to the south,

as in Arizona and in Zacatecas, Mexico, the patches

are larger and predominantly white in coloration

(Figures 10, 11). Similarly the integument of the

metasoma tends to be darker at higher and less arid

areas, but becomes rather extensively paler in coloration at lower and more arid localities.

H. pulchellus was originally described from Colorado by Cresson (1878:84) and subsequently two of

its more obviously differing color variants have been

characterized as new species. These include H. robertsoni (Crawford 1906) from Nebraska, and H. robertsoni pubescens Linsley (1943) from New Mexico. As

a consequence of our investigations of the variation

discussed above, both of these forms are now relegated

to synonymy. Although there appears to be a tendency

toward geographical segregation in the colorational

features of the integument and pubescence, it appears

that the observed variation is fundamentally of a clinal

nature. H. pulchellus is, on the evidence of structural

features, most closely related to H. heliopsis.

6. Holcopasites tegularis Hurd and Linsley,

new species

FEMALE.—Head black, mesoscutum of thorax

largely black, otherwise thorax chiefly or entirely reddish brown; metasoma chiefly or least extensively reddish brown, usually with terga clouded or darkened

with black medially; antennae, clypeus, mandibles,
NUMBER 1 14 25

tegulae, and legs usually reddened, sometimes nearly

dark mahogany red; calcaria pale reddish brown. Vestiture of body chiefly white (extensively intermixed

or supplanted with golden or reddish golden pubescence on dorsally exposed body surfaces), mostly

closely appressed and forming patches on face, about

antennal insertions and above, vertex, hind margins

of head, mesonotal line, dorsal surfaces of pronotum,

mesoscutum especially anteriorly, mesepisterna, scutellum laterally and medially and propodeum at sides;

dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and metasoma conspicuously clothed with golden or reddish golden

pubescence. Wings almost imperceptibly violaceous,

scarcely darkened apically. Length 2.5-4 mm. Eyes

bare; face above antennae closely and coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment much

shorter than combined length of succeeding two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated by less

than twice their diameters; interocellar distance

shorter than ocellorbital distance; rear angle of mandible situated well behind middle of eye; labrum not

longitudinally carinate medially, without a thornlike

tubercle near base, closely punctate on basal half or

more, without impunctate or sparsely punctate shiny

areas basally; ventral surface of head rather closely

and finely punctate adjacent to hypostomal carinae,

interspaces dull and tessellate. Mesoscutum closely

and finely punctured throughout; scutellum entire or

at most only weakly indented medially on posterior

dorsal surface, not prominently bilobed and not conspicuously elevated posteriorly; metanotum not produced posterolaterally into prominent, posteriorly

projected shelflike processes; mesepisternum rather

coarsely and nearly rugosely punctate dorsally and

with an evanescent and largely incomplete patch of

white pubescence; forewing with second submarginal

cell unusually small, much shorter than one-half as

long as first submarginal cell when measured along

posterior side; spur of middle leg more than one-half

as long as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga

II-IV basally with two discrete spots of white pubescence on either side of middle, dorsal surface of first

metasomal tergum with an irregular patch of white

pubescence laterally; apical margin of tergum IV

usually with a small patch of white pubescence laterally on each side; pygidial plate truncate apically,

rounded laterally; fifth metasomal sternum angularly

emarginate medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 2.5-3.5 mm. Eyes, face,

antennae, ocelli, rear angles of mandibles, labrum,

ventral surface of head essentially as in female. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, and

wings as in female; tegulae reticulately punctate

throughout. Metasomal terga II-V basally with two

discrete spots of white pubescence on either side of

middle, dorsal surface of first metasomal tergum with

a somewhat triangular spot on each side; apical margins of terga IV and V with a small band or spot of

white pubescence laterally; basin of metasoma not

sharply defined, punctate throughout; apical margin

of sixth metasomal tergum not bisinuate in outline,

without a median triangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with lateral margins as seen from above,

evenly rounded, not angulately produced on either

side of pygidial plate; pygidial plate short, not twice

as long as maximum basal width, parallel sided, narrowly liguliform in outline.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southwestern United States

(Arizona).

HOST.—Pseudopanurgus nanulus Timberlake (confirmed, see Table 1).

Holotype male, allotype, and 13 paratypes (3cf,

10 $ ) were collected at 13 miles southwest of Apache,

Cochise County, Arizona, by J. G. and B. L. Rozen

from 19 to 26 August 1964. Additional paratypes

(3c?, 10$) were subsequently collected at the type

locality as follows: 2 ? , 21 August 1966, $ 22 August

1966 and $ , VIII-29-66 (J. G. and B. L. Rozen);

2o", VIII-14-69 (J. G. and K. C. Rozen); $ , VIII27-69 (J. G. and B. L. Rozen) ; tf, 2 $ , VIII-22-70

(J. G. Rozen) ; and 3 ? , VIII-1&-71, emerging from

burrows of Pseudopanurgus nanulus Timberlake (J.

G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH). Other specimens

examined (paratypes) were taken at 14 miles southwest

of Apache, Cochise County, Arizona ( $ , VI11-4—61,

J. G. Rozen) and 15 miles southwest of Apache, Cochise County, Arizona ( d, 3 ? , VIII-13-70, J. G. and

K. C. Rozen). The primary types and most of the

paratypes are deposited in the collections of the

American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Paratypes have also been deposited in the collections

of the California Insect Survey, University of California, Berkeley, and the National Museum of Natural

History, Washington, D.C.

Holcopasites tegularis, which is on the average the

smallest species of the genus, is very reminiscent of H.
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

pule hell us in its generally dark body coloration and

patterning of the pale pubescence, especially that on

the metasomal terga. Structurally, it appears that H.

pulchellus is its nearest relative although it is very

distinct from that species. The unique and rather

exceedingly small second submarginal cell of the forewing immediately distinguishes this species from the

other species of the genus.

Two first instar larvae of this species were found in

separate cells of a nest of Pseudopanurgus nanulus

Timberlake by J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau at 13

miles southwest of Apache, Cochise County, Arizona,

on August 18, 1971. These investigators also found

eggs of this species inserted in the cell wall of the host

in the same fashion previously described by Rozen

(1965) for other species of Holcopasites studied by him

and his colleagues at the Southwestern Research Station near Portal, Arizona.

Banded Species Group

FIGURES 13-16

Included in this group are those species with bare

eyes in which the pale pubescence of the metasomal

terga is expressed basally on either side of the midline

as a transverse band (Figures 13-16). In some species, however, these bands sometimes coalesce medially to form a single transverse band on one or more

of the terga (Figure 14). The patterning of the pale

pubescence is very much like that of the subgenus

Trichopasites (Figure 12), whose species have the

eyes densely hirsute.

This group contains six species which chiefly occur

in the southwestern and central United States, although one species (H. stevensi) is known to range

northward into southern Canada (Alberta). Another

species (H. illinoiensis) ranges across much of the

United States into the eastern seaboard states and

southward marginally into Mexico (Sonora). One

specimen of H. stevensi is labeled from "Cala" and

the species may, as this label seems to suggest, be

present in California.

One of the species (H. bigibbosus) is the most

darkly colored species of the genus and superficially

resembles certain species of the megachilid genus

Dioxys found in the Palaearctic region.

The species of this group may be identified by

means of the following key.

Key to the Species of the Banded Species Group

1. Males 2

Females 7

2(1). Face above antennae closely and coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor

largely inpunctate; metasoma chiefly or entirely reddish in coloration 3

Face above antennae bigibbosely swollen, shining and largely impunctate (Figure 1) ;

metasoma chiefly black or brownish black 1. H. bigibbosus

3(2). Pygidial plate parallel sided or more or less ligulifonn; apical margin of sixth metasomal tergum without a well-defined, median triangular projection; labrum without

a median tubercle near base 4

Pygidial plate sub triangular; apical margin of sixth metasomal tergum with a median

triangular projection; labrum with a small median tubercle near base .4 . ti. eatnia

4(3). Fifth metasomal tergum with a basal and an apical transverse band (sometimes incomplete medially) of white pubescence (Figures 13, 15) 5

Fifth metasomal tergum with a subtriangular patch of white pubescence on each side

of middle, apical margin rarely white pubescent (Figure 16) 6

5(4). Small species, 3 to 5 mm; metasomal terga extensively clouded medially with blackish

or with apical terga chiefly or entirely blackish; mesoscutal punctures distinct and

separated by shining interspaces 5. H. illinoiensis

Larger species, usually 5.5 to 7 mm, rarely smaller; metasomal terga almost entirely

reddish, at most only vaguely clouded with blackish; mesoscutum densely rugosopunctate without shining interspaces 6. H. stevensi

6(4). Small species, 3 to 5 mm; interocellar distance greater than ocellorbital distance

(12:10); pygidial plate nearly twice as long as maximum width 2. H- cazieri

Larger species, 6 to 8 mm; interocellar distance less than ocellorbital distance (14:18);

pygidial plate scarcely longer than maximum basal width 3. H. haematurus
NUMBER 1 14 27

12

&??*&£&::•£•£

13

arizonicus stevensi

14

bigibbosus minimus cazieri

FIGURES 12-16.—Diagrammatic representations of the metasoma in dorsal view, females. Pale

pubescent areas indicated by unstippled areas.
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

7(1). Face above antennae closely and coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor

largely impunctate; metasoma chiefly or entirely reddish in coloration 8

Face above antennae bigibbosely swollen, shining and largely impunctate (Figure 1);

metasoma chiefly black or brownish black 1. H- bigibbosus

8(7). Fifth metasomal sternum broadly and deeply emarginate apically (Figure 4) 9

Fifth metasomal sternum entire or at most only weakly incurved apically (Figure 5)1 0

9(8). Small species, 3 to 5 mm; interocellar distance equal to ocellorbital distance (8:8);

spur of middle tibia short, about one-third as long as corresponding basitarsus

2. H. caxieri

Larger species, 6 to 8 mm; interocellar distance conspicuously shorter than ocellorbital

distance (10:13); spur of middle tibia long, nearly one-half as long as corresponding

basitarsus 3. H. haematurus

10(8). Antennae with first flagellar segment shorter than combined length of succeeding two

segments; ventral surface of head rather closely punctate, especially adjacent to

hypostomal carinae 11

Antennae with first flagellar segment as long as, or slightly longer than, combined length

succeeding two segments; ventral surface of head sparingly punctate (Figure 3),

largely impunctate adjacent to hypostomal carinae 5. H. illinoiensis

11(10). Labrum with a small median thornlike tubercle near base; pygidial plate evenly

rounded apically; fourth metasomal tergum with a sub triangular patch of white

pubescence on either side of middle, apical margin without white pubescence.

4. H. eatnia

Labrum longitudinally carinate medially, without a thornlike tubercle near base;

pygidial plate truncate apically; fourth metasomal tergum with a basal and an apical

band of white pubescence on either side of middle (Figure 3) 6. H. st evens i

1. Holcopasites bigibbosus Hurd and Linsley,

new species

FIGURES 1, 14

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black; metasoma, except reddish basal segment and reddened sterna,

black; antennae, mandibles, tegulae, and legs dark

mahogany red; calcaria dark reddish brown. Vestiture

of body chiefly white, mostly closely appressed and

forming patches on face about antennal insertions,

hind margin of head, mesonotal line, anterolateral

margins of pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum circumferentially, mesepisterna, metanotum, and propodeum at sides, legs basally and on metasoma,

especially terga; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and

metasoma not conspicuously clothed with golden or

reddish golden pubescence. Wings feebly violaceous,

infuscated apically. Length 7 mm. Eyes essentially

bare, at most with a few, scattered short hairs; face

above antennae bigibbosely swollen, shining and

largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment shorter than combined length of succeeding two

segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated by

much less than twice their diameter; interocellar distance greater than ocellorbital distance; rear angle

of mandible situated very near posterior margin of

eye; labrum not longitudinally carinate medially,

without a thornlike tubercle basally, densely and

closely punctate on basal half; ventral surface of head

rather closely punctate, especially adjacent to hypostomal carinae, interspaces polished and shining. Mesoscutum rather coarsely and nearly contiguously

punctate, interspaces shining; scutellum nearly entire,

feebly indented on posterior dorsal surface, not prominently bilobed and strongly elevated posteriorly;

metanotum produced posterolaterally into prominent

posteriorly projecting shelflike processes; mesepisternum coarsely though distinctly punctured dorsally

and with anterior, dorsal, and posterior margins

fringed with thin, white pubescence; wing with

second submarginal cell not unusually small, more

than one-half as long as first submarginal cell

when measured along posterior side; spur of

middle leg less than one-half as long as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga II-IV basally with

a transverse band of white pubescence on either

side of middle, those on terga III and IV coalescing

medially; apical margin of tergum IV banded with

white pubescence except medially; pygidial plate not

visible; fifth metasomal sternum with apical margin

broadly though shallowly incurved.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 8 mm. Eyes bare; face as

in female; antennae with first flagellar segment much
NUMBER 1 1 4 29

shorter than combined length of succeeding two segments; ocelli similarly disposed as in female, but interocellar distance is less than ocellorbital distance; rear

angle of mandible well behind middle of eye; labrum

essentially as in female; ventral surface of head rather

closely and uniformly punctate, interspaces shorter

and less shiny than in female. Mesoscutum, scutellum,

metanotum, mesepisternum, and wings essentially as

in female; tegulae impunctate and shining laterally.

Metasomal terga 11-VI basally with a transverse band

of white pubescence, that on tergum II nearly interrupted medially; apical margins of terga II-V banded

with white pubescence; however, weakly expressed

medially; basin of metasoma rather sharply denned

and largely impunctate; apical margin of sixth metasomal tergum essentially entire, without a median triangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with

lateral margins, as seen from above, nearly right

angled on either side of pygidial plate; pygidial plate

short, much less than twice as long as maximum basal

width, broadly liguliform in outline.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southwestern United States.

(Arizona).

HOST.—Unknown.

Holotype female, Willcox, Cochise County, Arizona,

18 August 1958, on flowers of Asclepias subverticillata

(P. D. Hurd, Jr.) is deposited in the collections of the

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Allotype male, Rodeo, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, collected 26 August 1958 by D. D. Linsdale, is in the

collections of the California Insect Survey, University

of California, Berkeley.

In its almost entirely black coloration of the head,

thorax, and metasoma, Holcopasites bigibbosus is the

darkest species of the genus. It is most readily recognized by having the face above the antennae bigibbosely swollen and largely impunctate and shining

(Figure 1). Although the face of H. insoletus is somewhat similarly modified, but not so strongly swollen,

that species being a member of the subgenus Trichopasites has the eyes densely hirsute and is therefore

easily separated from H. bigibbosus, in which the eyes

are bare. The basal bands of white pubescence on

metasomal terga III and IV of the female are not

interrupted medially (Figure 14). In the male these

bands, although interrupted medially on tergum II,

are complete on terga HI-VI. In both sexes the first

metasomal tergum is brightly red and consequently

contrasts sharply with the succeeding black terga. This

is a very distinctive species and perhaps its nearest

relative is H. stevensi, even though this relationship

is evidently a remote one.

2. Holcopasites cozieri Hurd and Linsley,

new species

FIGURES 4, 16

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma orange

or chiefly so, though sometimes apical terga stained or

clouded medially with brownish; antennae, mandibles,

tegulae, and legs dark reddish brown; calcaria pale

reddish brown. Vestiture of body chiefly white, mostly

closely appressed and forming patches on face about

antennal insertions, hind margins of head, mesonotal

line, anterolateral angles of pronotum, mesoscutum

circumferentially, mesepisterna, scutellum, metanotum, propodeum at sides, legs basally and metasoma

especially on terga; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax,

and metasoma not conspicuously clothed with golden

or reddish golden pubescence. Wings feebly violaceous,

lightly tinged with brownish beyond closed cells.

Length 3.0-5 mm. Eyes bare; face above antennae

rather closely and coarsely punctate, interspaces shining, neither bigibbosely swollen nor largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment much

shorter than combined length of succeeding two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated by less

than twice their diameter; interocellar distance about

equaling ocellorbital distance; rear angle of mandible

well behind middle of eye; labrum with a feeble longitudinal carina medially, without a thomlike tubercle

near base, rather closely punctate on basal half or

more and without impunctate shiny areas basally;

ventral surface of head rather sparsely punctate adjacent to hypostomal carinae and with interspaces

polished and shining. Mesoscutum closely but distinctly punctured; scutellum weakly cleft medially

nearly to base, somewhat bilobed in appearance, posterior margin not strongly elevated; metanotum

produced posterolaterally into poorly developed posteriorly projected shelflike processes; mesepisternum

coarsely and nearly rugosely punctate dorsally and

with a large patch of white pubescence; wing with

second submarginal cell not unusually small, more

than one-half as long as first submarginal cell when

measured along posterior side; spur of middle leg

much shorter than one-half as long as corresponding

basitarsus." Metasomal terga II and III basally with a
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

transverse band of white pubescence on either side of

middle; fourth metasomal tergum with a triangular

patch of white pubescence on either side of middle;

apical margin of tergum IV with a small patch or

band of white pubescence laterally; pygidial plate

evenly rounded apically; fifth metasomal sternum

with apical margin deeply emarginate medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 3—5 mm. Eyes bare; face

as in female; antennae with first flagellar segment

much shorter than combined length of succeeding

two flagellar segments; ocelli and rear angles of mandibles disposed as in female; interocellar distance

greater than ocellorbital distance; labrum essentially

as in female; ventral surface of head more finely and

less densely punctate than in female, shiny areas adjacent to hypostomal carinae more extensive. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, and

wings as in female; tegulae very nearly punctate

throughout. Metasomal terga II and III basally with

a transverse band of white pubescence on either side

of middle; metasomal terga IV and V with an elongate, quasitriangular patch of white pubescence on

either side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV

with only a short band or spot of white pubescence

laterally; apical margin of tergum V usually with a

nearly complete transverse band of white pubescence,

sometimes interrupted medially; basin of metasoma

not sharply defined, well punctured throughout; apical

margin of sixth metasomal tergum rather conspicuously bisinuate in outline, with a weak median quasitriangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with

lateral margins, as seen from above, very nearly right

angled on either side of pygidial plate; pygidial plate

more than twice as long as maximum basal width,

broadly liguliform in outline.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southwestern United States

(Arizona and New Mexico).

HOST.—Unknown.

Holotype male and a paratype male were taken

two miles northeast of Portal, Cochise County, Arizona, 29 September 1961 (M. A. Cazier), and the

holotype is in the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. Allotype female was

collected at the same locality on 26 September 1961

by M. Statham and is the property of the American

Museum of Natural History, New York. Additional

specimens examined (paratypes) are as follows: ? ,

16 miles northeast of Douglas, Cochise County, Arizona, 23 August 1962 (J. G. Rozen, M. Statham, and

S. J. Hessel, AMNH); and d, 3 ? , 4.8 miles north of

Rodeo, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, 4 September

1961, flying over ground ( $ , P. H. Timberlake,

UCR), on flowers of Pectis papposa ( $ , P. D. Hurd,

CIS), and on flowers of Tidestromia languinosa (cf,

$ , P. D. Hurd, CIS).

Holcopasites cazieri, named in honor of Dr. Mont

A. Cazier in recognition for the arduous field effort

he made on our behalf, is readily distinguished from

the other species of the Banded Species Group of

Holcopasites proper by its small size, coupled with the

very deeply emarginate fifth metasomal sternum in

the female (Figures 4, 16). The male may be separated by the characters presented in the accompanying key. H. haematurus is its nearest relative.

3. Holcopasites haematurus Cockerell and Hicks

Holcopasites haematurus Cockerell and Hicks, 1926:107-

108, $ [Colorado: Boulder at White Rocks on flowers of

a boraginaceous plant].—Cockerell 1928:111; 1938:230

[Nebraska: Harrison].

Neopasites (Neopasites) haematurus.—Linsley 1943:124,

125, 128, $, $ [Colorado: Boulder. Iowa: Sioux City

and Sergeant Bluff. Kansas: Atchison County].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) haematurus.—Linsley 1051:

1207, $ [Iowa, Kansas and Colorado].

LOCATION OF TYPE.—Unknown.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Central United States (Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa).

HOST.—Unknown.

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma red,

rarely with terga stained or darkened medially; antennae, mandibles, tegulae, and legs dark mahogany

red; calcaria pale yellowish red. Vestiture of body

chiefly white, mostly closely appressed and forming

patches on face about antennal insertions, mesonotal

line, dorsolateral angles of pronotum, mesoscurum

circumferentially, mesepisterna, scutellum, metanotum and propodeum at sides, legs basally and on metasoma, legs basally and on metasoma, especially on

terga; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and metasoma

without golden or reddish golden pubescence intermixed. Wings feebly violaceous, lightly brownish

apically. Length 6-8 mm. Eyes bare or with a few,

well-scattered short hairs; face above antennae closely

and coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor

largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment much shorter than combined length of succeed-
NUMBER 1 14 31

ing two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated

by less than twice their diameters; interocellar distance shorter than ocellorbital distance; rear angle of

mandible situated well behind middle of eye; labrum

longitudinally carinate medially, without a thornlike

tubercle near base, very densely punctate on basal

half or more and without impunctate shining areas

basally; ventral surface of head moderately closely

and coarsely punctate adjacent to hypostomal carinae,

interspaces polished and shining. Mesoscutum rather

coarsely and nearly rugosopunctate throughout; scutellum longitudinally cleft medially nearly to base,

rather prominently bilobed and moderately elevated

posteriorly; metanotum produced posteriorly into

prominent posteriorly projected shelflike processes;

mesepisternum rather coarsely and nearly rugosely

punctate throughout and with an evanescent patch of

white pubescence best expressed along anterior face

of mesepisternum; wing with second submarginal cell

not unusually small, more than one-half as long as

first submarginal cell when measured along posterior

side; spur of middle leg fully one-half as long as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga II and III

basally with a transverse band of white pubescence

(sometimes quasi triangularly lengthened medially) on

either side of middle; fourth metasomal tergum basally with a quasitriangular patch of white pubescence

on either side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV

with a short band or spot of white pubescence laterally; pygidial plate obtusely rounded apically; fifth

metasomal sternum with apical margin broadly and

angularly emarginate.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 6-8 mm. Eyes essentially

bare; face as in female; antennae with first flagellar

segment appreciably shorter than combined length of

succeeding two segments; ocelli and rear angle of

mandible situated as in female; labrum essentially as in

female; ventral surface of head somewhat less densely

punctate than female, interspaces greater in extent

adjacent to hypostomal carinae. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, and wings as in

female; tegulae impunctate and shining laterally.

Metasomal terga II-IV basally with a transverse band

of white pubescence (usually quasitriangularly lengthened medially) on either side of middle; metasomal

terga V and VI with a somewhat triangular spot of

white pubescence on either side of middle; apical margin of terga IV and V with only a short band or spot

of white pubescence laterally; basin of metasoma not

sharply defined, punctured at least at sides; apical

margin of sixth metasomal tergum irregularly and

feebly bisinuate in outline, without a median triangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as seen from above, evenly rounded on

either side of pygidial plate; pygidial plate scarcely

longer than maximum basal width, nearly parallel

sided, essentially liguliform in outline.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—COLORADO. BOULDER

COUNTY: Boulder, 2? , VIII-14-26, "flying along

ground where many nests at Owens Lake" (C. H.

Hicks, USNM, Linsley 1943:128).

IOWA. COUNTY #43: ? , VI-30-32 (Russell,

USNM). WOODBURY COUNTY: Sergeant Bluff, $,

VII-26-28 (G. O. Hendrickson, CIS, Linsley 1943:

128). Sioux City, <?, VII-26-24 and $, VII-13-27

(C. N. Ainslie, CIS, Linsley 1943:128).

KANSAS. ATCHISON COUNTY: ? , VII-11-24

(E. P. Breakey, KU, Linsley 1943:128). DOUGLAS

COUNTY: Lawrence, <$, VI-14-60, on Rhus glabra

(KU). LEAVENWORTH COUNTY: 9 , VI-21-32 (L.

S. Henderson, KU).

NEBRASKA. DUNDY COUNTY: Haigler, d\

VII-8-11 (J. T. Zimmer, UN). Sioux COUNTY:

Harrison, 7 mi N, 9, VIII-13-62 (J. G. and B. L.

Rozen, AMNH).

This is a comparatively large species which has been

infrequently collected in the central United States. It

is structurally most similar to Holcopasites cazieri,

which so far is known from only a few specimens

taken in Arizona and New Mexico. Hosts of neither

species have been established, although Charles Hicks

has labeled two female specimens of H. haematurus

as flying along the ground near Boulder, Colorado,

where there were many nests (unspecified) at Owens

Lake. Similarly P. H. Timberlake obtained one male

and three females of H. cazieri "flying over ground"

near Rodeo, New Mexico. H. haematurus is easily

separated from the other species of the Banded Species Group by means of the accompanying key to that

group.

4. Holcopasites eamia (Cockerell)

Neopasites fulviventris.—authors, not Cresson 1873, Ashmead

1898:284; 1899:81.

Neopasites eamia Cockerell, 1909:29, $ [Texas: Lee

County].—Crawford 1915:124.—Linsley and Michener

1939:277-278.
32

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Holcopasites eamia.—Cockerell 1926:108.

Neopasites (Neopasites) eamia.—Linsley 1943:125, 138-139,

$ [Texas].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) eamia.—Linsley 1951:1207, $

[Texas].

Holcopasites acanthochilus Crawford, 1915:124, 125, 9

[Texas: Clarendon at flowers of Monarda citriodora (the

type) and Cypress Mills. New synonymy].

Neopasites (Neopasites) acanthochilus.—Linsley 1943:124,

139, 9 [Texas: Cypress Mills, Clarendon, and Fedor].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) acanthochilus.—Linsley 1951:

1207, $ [Texas].

Holcopasites texanus Crawford, 1915:124, 126, $ [Texas:

Cotulla at flowers of Verbesina encelioides (the type) and

Monarda punctata. New synonymy].

Neopasites (Neopasites) texanus.—Linsley 1943:125, 140, $.

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) texanus.—Linsley 1951:1208,

$ [Texas].

LOCATION OF TYPES.—H. acanthochilus and H.

texanus, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; H. eamia, Citrus Experiment Station,

University of California, Riverside, California.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—South-central United States

(Oklahoma and Texas).

HOST.—Unknown.

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma red

or chiefly so, terga often stained or clouded with black

medially; antennae, mandibles, tegulae, and legs extensively pale reddish or ferruginous in coloration;

calcaria pale reddish brown. Vestiture of body chiefly

white, mostly closely appressed and forming patches

on face about and above antennal insertions, hind

margins of head, mesonotal line, dorsolateral angles

of pronotum, mesoscutum circumferentially, mesepistema, scutellum at sides and behind, metanotum and

propodeum at sides, legs basally and metasoma, especially on terga; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and

metasoma sometimes with some intermixed golden or

reddish golden pubescence. Wings perceptibly violaceous, faintly tinged with brownish apically. Length 5—8

mm. Eyes bare; face above antennae closely and

coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor

largely impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment shorter than combined length of succeeding two

segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated by less

than twice their diameters; interocellar distance

slightly less than ocellorbital distance; rear angle of

mandible situated well behind middle of eye; labrum

with a median thornlike process near base, basal half

or more densely and closely punctate and without

impunctate and shiny areas; ventral surface of head

moderately punctate adjacent to hypostomal carinae,

interspaces shining. Mesoscutum rather coarsely and

nearly rugosopunctate throughout; scutellum weakly

cleft medially along longitudinal axis, feebly bilobed

in outline, not strongly elevated posteriorly; metanotum produced posterolaterally into weakly developed,

posteriorly projected shelflike processes ;mesepisternum

rugosopunctate throughout and with an evanescent

and largely incomplete patch of white pubescence

dorsally; wing with second submarginal cell not unusually small, more than one-half as long as first submarginal cell when measured along posterior side;

spur of middle leg much shorter than one-half as long

as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal tergum II

basally with a transverse band of white pubescence

(sometimes triangularly produced posteriorly) on

either side of middle; metasomal terga III and IV

basally with a quasitriangular patch of white pubescence on either side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV with only a short band or spot of white

pubescence laterally; pygidial plate broadly and evenly

rounded apically; fifth metasomal sternum with apical

margin entire or only feebly incurved medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 4—8 mm. Eyes bare or at

most with a few, scattered, short hairs; face as in

female; antennae with first flagellar segment much

shorter than combined length of succeeding two segments; ocelli and rear angle of mandible situated as

in female; interocellar distance much shorter than

ocellorbital distance; labrum essentially as in female;

ventral surface of head more closely and coarsely

punctate than in female, interspaces shorter and less

conspicuously shining. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and wings as in female; tegulae

impunctate and shining laterally. Metasomal terga II—

V basally with a transverse band (usually somewhat

triangularly lengthened medially) of white pubescence

on either side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV

with only a short band or spot of white pubescence

laterally; apical margin of tergum V with a complete,

though narrow, band of white pubescence; basin of

metasoma not sharply defined, coarsely punctured

throughout; apical margin of sixth deeply bisinuate

in outline, with a prominent, median triangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with lateral margins, as seen from above, rather sharply right angled

on either side of pygidial plate; pygidial plate much

less than twice as long as maximum basal width, triangular in outline.
NUMBER 1 14 33

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—OKLAHOMA. MARSHALL COUNTY: Lake Texoma, 2 mi E. Willis, 3d,

VII-1965 (R. M. Bohart, UCD, CIS).

TEXAS , d, VI-187 9 (Schwarz, USNM).

DONLEY COUNTY: Clarendon, $ , VI-11-10, flowers

Monarda citriodora (F. C. Bishopp, USNM). LEE

COUNTY: 3$ , V-1908 (INHS); ? , May (INHS);

? , V-17 (INHS) ; 9 , V-19 (INHS). Cypress Mills,

? (USNM). Fedor, d, 2 $ , (Birkmann, ANSP, CIS,

CU). Giddings, ? , V-12-53, flowers Dalea aurea

(R. H. Beamer, KU) ; d, ? , V-9-54 (L. D. Beamer,

KU). LASALLE COUNTY: Cotulla, d, V-9-06, flowers Monarda punctata (F. C. Pratt, USNM) ; <$,

V—10—06, flowers Verbesina encelioides (F. C. Pratt,

USNM).

Holcopasites eamia is unique among the genus by

having a small, thornlike tubercle situated basally on

the labrum. The pygidial plate of the male is subtriangular in outline and the preceding tergum (VI)

has a median triangular projection. These are very

distinctive features which are not shared with any

other species of the genus, and it is therefore difficult

to determine its relationships within the genus. It

seems possible, however, that H. haematurus may

conceivably be the nearest relative which still exists

in the fauna. An examination of the type specimens

of H. acanthochilus (a female) and H. texanus (a

male) reveals that both are synonyms of the earlier

described H. eamia. With exception of one collection

made in Oklahoma, all of the specimens of this species have been taken in Texas.

5. Holcopasites illinoiensis (Robertson)

Phileremus illinoiensis Robertson, 1891:64, 9 $.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Eastern, central, and southwestern United States.

HOSTS.—Calliopsis andreniformis Smith and Hypomacrotera callops callops Cockerell and Porter (unconfirmed) and H. c. persimilis Cockerell (confirmed),

see Table 1.

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, clypeus apically

rufotestaceous, metasoma red, though usually terga

variably stained or darkened with black laterally and

medially; antennae, tegulae, and legs usually dark

reddish brown or deep mahogany red, mandibles

rufotestaceous; calcaria reddish brown. Vestiture of

body chiefly white, mostly closely appressed and forming patches on face about antennal insertions, usually

on hind margins of head, mesonotal line, dorsolateral

angles of pronotum, mesoscutum circumferentially,

mesepisterna, scutellum, metanotum, propodeum at

sides, legs basally and on metasoma, especially on

terga; dorsal surface of head, thorax, and metasoma

sometimes with an intermixture of golden or reddish

golden pubescence. Wings faintly violaceous, faintly

brownish apically. Length 3.5-5 mm. Eyes bare or

essentially so; face above antennae closely and rather

finely punctate, neither bigibbosely swollen nor largely

impunctate; antennae with first flagellar segment as

long as or slightly longer than combined length of

succeeding two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli

separated by much less than twice their diameters;

interocellar distance nearly equaling ocellorbital distance; rear angle of mandible situated much behind

middle of eye; labrum feebly carinate longitudinally

near base, without a thornlike tubercle basally, irregularly and variably punctate on basal half or more,

usually with impunctate area mediobasally; ventral

surface of head finely, though irregularly and sparsely,

punctate adjacent to hypostomal carinae. Mesoscutum

distinctly punctured, interspaces short and shining;

scutellum entire or at most only weakly indented

medially on posterior dorsal surface, not prominently

bilobed, though moderately elevated posteriorly;

metanotum produced posterolaterally into weakly

developed posteriorly projected shelflike processes;

mesepisternum densely and nearly rugosely punctate

dorsally and with a variably developed patch or fringe

of white pubescence; forewing with second submarginal cell not unusually small, one-half or more as

long as first submarginal cell when measured along

posterior side; spur of middle leg less than one-half as

long as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga IIIII basally with a transverse band of white pubescence

on either side of middle; apical margin of tergum IV

usually with a complete or nearly complete band of

white pubescence; pygidial plate truncate apically;

fifth metasomal sternum with apical margin weakly

incurved apically.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 3.0-5.0 mm. Eyes bare;

face as in female; antennae with first flagellar seg-
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ment longer than combined length of succeeding two

segments; ocelli and rear angle of mandible situated

as in female; labrum essentially as in female, perhaps

less densely punctate basally; ventral surface of head,

although generally rather irregularly punctate, more

densely punctate than in female, interspaces polished

and shining. Mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum,

mesepisternum and wings essentially as in female;

tegulae impunctate and shining laterally. Metasomal

terga II-VI basally with a transverse band of

white pubescence on either side of middle; apical

margins of terga IV and V usually with a

complete transverse band of white pubescence;

basin of metasoma rather sharply defined almost

impunctate; apical margin of sixth metasomal

tergum truncate, without a median triangular projection; seventh metasomal tergum with lateral

margins, as seen from above, right angled on either

side of pygidial plate; pygidial plate more than twice

as long as maximum basal width, nearly parallel

sided, narrowly liguliform in outline.

Holcopasites illinoiensis, although having some

variation in the color of the metasoma and also in the

amount of white pubescence on the body, is a rather

distinctive small species of the Banded Species Group.

Two geographically segregable subspecies are recognized on the basis of differences resident in the vestiture and coloration of the metasoma.

Key to the Subspecies of Holcopasites illinoiensis

1. Metasomal terga reddish laterally; stained or clouded medially with blackish; vertical face

of mesepisternum margined with white pubescence or with an incomplete patch of white

pubescence illinoiensis

Metasoma with basal two or three terga clear reddish and with apical terga almost entirely

black; vertical face of mesepisternum nearly entirely white pubescent minimus

Holcopasites illinoiensis illinoiensis (Robertson),

new status

Phileremus illinoiensis Robertson, 1891:64, 9 $ [Illinois:

Carlinville, at flowers of Lespedeza procumbens].

Ammobates illinoiensis.—Dalla Torre 1896:498.

Atnmobates illinoensis [sic].—Robertson 1898:230 [Illinois:

Macoupin County, at flowers of Lespedeza procumbens}.

Neopasites illinoensis [sic].—Robertson 1900:54 [Illinois].

Holcopasites pratti (Ashmead ms.) Crawford, 1915:124-125,

nomen nudum, teste Cockerell, 1903:452, 9 [Washington,

D.C.].

Neopasites illinoiensis.—Viereck 1916:730 [Connecticut:

New Haven].—Bequaert 1923:171, 9 [New York: White

Plains].—Linsley and Michener 1939: pis. XV-XVIII.—

Michener 1944:200.

Holcopasites illinoiensis.—Crawford 1915:124-125, 9 $

[Louisiana. Mississippi: Agricultural College, on flowers

Erigeron annuus. Washington, D.C, vicinity].—Shinn

1967:929 [Texas: Nacogdoches].

Holcopasites illinoensis [sic].—Robertson 1926:118 [Illinois:

Carlinville].

Neopasites (Neopasites) illinoiensis.—Linsley 1943:124, 126,

133-134, 9 $ [Connecticut: New Haven. District of

Columbia: Washington. Illinois: Carlinville and Dubois.

Massachusetts: Dover. Mississippi: Agricultural College.

New York: White Plains and Huntington, Long Island.

North Carolina: Bryson City. Virginia: Barcroft. Flower

records: Lespedeza procumbens, L. repens, Ceanothus

americanus, Coreopsis verticillata, and Chrysopsis mariana].

Neopasites (Neopasites) punctulatus Linsley, 1943:125, 135,

$ [District of Columbia: Chevy Chase, at flowers of Erigeron ramosus].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) punctulatus.—Linsley, 1951:

1208 $ [D.C.].—Krombein 1967:499.

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) illinoiensis.—Linsley 1951:1207.

—Mitchell 1962:486, 488-489, 9 $ [Illinois to Massachusetts, south to Georgia. Flower records: Ceanothus,

Chrysanthemum, Erigeron, and Oenothera].—Krombein

1967:498.

LOCATION OF TYPES.—H. illinoiensis, Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana; H. punctulatus, Academy

of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Eastern to Southwestern

States (Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia,

Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North

Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia).

HOST.—Calliopsis andreniformis Smith (Table 1).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—CONNECTICUT. NEW

HAVEN COUNTY: New Haven, VI-30-05 (B. H.

Walden, Viereck 1916: 730; Linsley 1943: 134).

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington, o",

VI-1878 (ANSP); ? , (F. C. Pratt, USNM); ? , V -

24-04 (W. D. Pierce, USNM); $ , IX-9-16, flowers
NUMBER 1 14 35

Chrysopsis mariana (W. McAtee, CIS); cf, 2 9 ,

VI—14—16, flowers Chrysanthemum leucanthemum

(W. D. Pierce, USNM); d\ VI-14-16, flowers

Erigeron ramosus (W. D. Pierce, ANSP).

GEORGIA. RICHMOND COUNTY: 2$ , V-3-59

(Stage).

ILLINOIS. MAGOUPIN COUNTY: Carlinville (all

collected by C. H. Robertson), ° , VII-20-92; $,

VII-2-94; cf, V-6-02; 4 9 , VI-9-02; ? , VI-10-02;

6d\ 2? , VI-14-02 (INHS). WASHINGTON COUNTY: Dubois, d1

, VIII-9-17 (CIS).

KANSAS. DOUGLAS COUNTY: Baldwin, cf, 9,

VI-5-06 (J. C. Bridwell, USNM).

LOUISIANA. "Loui. 2547", $ (F. C. Pratt,

USNM). ST. LANDRY PARISH: Opelousas, $ (Pilate

collection, USNM).

MAINE. PENOBSCOT COUNTY: Orono, ° , VI—

4-39, flowers of daisy (USNM); 2? , VI-9-39

(USNM).

MARYLAND. PRINCE GEORGES COUNTY: Beltsville, ? , VII-1-17 (W. L. McAtee, USNM).

MASSACHUSETTS. Tremont, 19, VII-3(W)9

(W. L. McAtee, USNM). NORFOLK COUNTY:

Dover, 9 , VII—4—25, flowers Chrysanthemum parthenium (J. C. Bequaert, CIS).

MISSISSIPPI. OKTIBBEHA COUNTY: Agricultural College, 9 , V—24—04, flowers Erigeron annuus

(W. D. Pierce, USNM).

NEW JERSEY. BERGEN COUNTY: Demarest, 9,

VII-1937 (J. C. Crawford, AMNH). Ramsey, <f, 9,

VI-15-18 (F. E. Lutz, AMNH). MORRIS COUNTY:

Long Valley, 9 , VII-10-55 (G. R. Ferguson, GEB).

Morris Plains, cf, VI-18-59 (D. R. Whitehead, CIS).

4 9 , VII-10-61 (M. Mazurkiewicz and D. R. Whitehead, CIS). UNION COUNTY: Lincoln Park, cf,

VI-15-37 (M. A. Cazier, AMNH). Watchung Reservoir cf, VII-22-55 (G. R. Ferguson, GEB); 9,

VI-30-56 (G. R. Ferguson, GEB); 9, VII-25-64,

nest site #66 (A. R. Moldenke, AMNH); 2cf, 9,

VII-3-64, nest site #66 (A. R. Moldenke, AMNH).

Westfield, 9, VII-1-56 (G. R. Ferguson, GEB).

NEW YORK. ORANGE COUNTY: Tuxedo Park,

5 mi NW, 9, VII-3-62 (J. G. Rozen, M. Statham,

J. A. Woods, and S. J. Hessel, AMNH). SUFFOLK

COUNTY: Babylon, 2cf, VI-11-36 (Blanton and

Borders, GEB). East Williston, 9, VI-30-51 (J. G.

Rozen, AMNH). Huntington, 15cf, 3 9 , VI-1932 (J.

C. Bridwell, USNM, CIS). TOMPKINS COUNTY:

Cornell University Campus, Kite Hill, 9, VII-2-35,

9 , VII-1-36, and 9 , VII-5-37 (P. P. Baiby, CU).

WESTCHESTER COUNTY: White Plains (J. R. de la

Torre Bueno, Linsley 1943: 134).

NORTH CAROLINA. SWAIN COUNTY: Black

Mountains, cf, 9, June (CIS); cf, "1911 Exped."

Accession 33827 (AMNH); 9, VI-10 to 13-12

(Beutenmuller, CU). Bryson City, 3<f, 39 , VI-30-

23, flowers Ceanothus americanus (J. C. Crawford,

nos. 6115-16, 6118, 6122-23, 6126-27, AMNH, CIS,

UCR); cf, VI-30-23 (J. C. Crawford, no. 6116,

UN) ; 9, Wl-A-Ti, flowers Erigeron ramosus (J. C.

Crawford, no. 6232, AMNH); cf, IX-4-23, flowers

Lespedeza repens(J. C. Crawford, no. 6770, AMNH).

WAKE COUNTY: Raleigh, cf, VI-25-33, flowers

Oenothera (T. B. Mitchell, UN); 9, V-30-41 (T.

B. Mitchell, Stage); cf, V-16-48 (T. B. Mitchell,

Stage).

OHIO. GUERNSEY COUNTY: Old Washington,

4 mi W, cf, VI-24-51 (J. G. Rozen, AMNH).

OKLAHOMA. MARSHALL COUNTY: Lake Texoma, 2 mi E Willis, cf, VI-1965 (R. M. Bohart,

UCD); 2 9, VII-1965 (R. M. Bohart, UCD).

PENNSYLVANIA. BUCKS COUNTY: Newtown,

cf, VI-28-36 (L. J. Stannard, INHS).

SOUTH CAROLINA (Mitchell 1962:499, table

16).

TENNESSEE (Mitchell 1962:499, table 16).

TEXAS. NACOGDOCHES COUNTY: Nacogdoches, cf, 89 , V-8-62, cf, 7 9, V-15-62, 2cf, 89 ,

V—17—62, at nesting sites of Calliopsis andreniformis

(A. F. Shinn, Shinn and CIS).

VIRGINIA. 9, VI-5 (T. Pergrande, USNM).

FAIRFAX COUNTY: Alexandria, cf, 29 , VI-21-31,

flowers Coreopsis verticillata (P. H. Timberlake,

UCR). Barcroft, 2cf, VI-24-17, flowers Ceanothus

americanus (W. L. McAtee, CIS) ; 9, VI-17-29 (J.

C. Bridwell, USNM); cf, VI-13-31 (J. C. Bridwell,

UCR) ; 29 , VI-21-31, flowers Coreopsis verticillata

(P. H. Timberlake, UCR). Clifton, cf, 59 , VI-20-

31 (J. C. Bridwell, USNM); cf, VI-11-33 (J. C.

Bridwell, USNM); 5cf, 9, VI-30-35 (K. V.

Krombein, USNM, CU). Falls Church, 2cf, 39 ,

July 2-7 (AMNH, UN, USNM); cf, 9, VII-4-07

(N. Banks, AMNH, USNM) ; 9, VI-16-18 (E. A.

Chapin, USNM) ; cf, 29 , VII-4 (N. Banks, CU).

Holcopasites illinoiensis proper is widely distributed

over the south-central and eastern United States,

extending from Texas and Kansas eastward to Atlan-
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

tic seaboard states from Georgia north into Maine.

We have reexamined the holotype of H. punctulatus

Linsley and concur with Mitchell (1962:488) that it

is a synonym of H. illinoiensis proper.

This subspecies has the metasoma less brightly red

than H. illinoiensis minimus and in general is more

somberly colored than that subspecies.

Holcopasites illinoiensis minimus (Linsley),

new status

FIGURES 3, 15

Neopasites (Neopasites) minimus Linsley, 1943:123, 126—

127, 9 [Arizona: sixteen miles south of Tucson].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) minimus.—Linsley 1951:1208,

9 [Arizona].

LOCATION OF TYPE.—California Academy of

Sciences, San Francisco.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southwestern United States

(Arizona and New Mexico) and adjacent Mexico

(Sonora).

HOST.—Hypomacrotera callops callops Cockerell

and Porter (unconfirmed) and H. c. persimilis Cockerell (confirmed). Table 1.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—ARIZONA. COCHISE

COUNTY: Apache, 13 mi SW, 8$ , VIII-19 to 26-

64 (J. G. and B. L. Rozen, AMNH); d\ VIII-21-66,

2d\ VIII-22-66, and 9, VIII-29-66 (J. G. and B.

L. Rozen, AMNH); 2<f, 9, IX-1-71, flying over

nesting area of Calliopsis spp. (J. G. Rozen and M.

Favreau, AMNH). Apache, 15 mi SW, 9, VIII-22-

70 (J. G. Rozen, AMNH). Apache, 17.5 mi SW, 2 $,

VIII-14-69 (J. G. and K. C. Rozen, AMNH); 5? ,

VIII-16-69 (J. G. Rozen, AMNH). Douglas, $,

VIII-22-68 (J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH) ;

9, VIII-24-69 (J. G. and K. C. Rozen, AMNH).

Douglas, 1 mi, E, 3? , VIII-13-62, flying just above

ground (M. A. Cazier, CIS); $, VIII-14-62, flying

over surface of ground investigating holes, 11:00-

11:20 A.M. (M. A. Cazier, CIS); 5? , VIII-15-62,

flying just above ground, 9:00-9:50 A.M. (M. A.

Cazier, CIS); 3$ , VIII-16-62 (M. Statham,

AMNH); 2? , VIII-17-62 (M. A. Cazier, CIS);

$, same date (M. Statham, AMNH) ; $ , VIII-14-

69 (J. G. and K. C. Rozen, AMNH) ; $, VIII-21-

69 (J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH); cT, 5$ ,

VIII-24-70 (J. G. Rozen, AMNH). Portal, 2 mi,

NE, $, IX-14-61 (J. G. Rozen and M. Statham,

CIS); ? , VI11-30-71, examining burrow entrances

of Hypomacrotera callops callops Cockerell and Porter (J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH); 9 , same

data, except VIII-31-71 (J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH). PIMA COUNTY: Sabino Canyon,

Santa Catalina Mountains, o*, VII-7-50, flowers

Euphorbia capitellata (R. H. Beamer, KU). Tucson,

16 mi S, 9, VIII-11-24 (E. P. Van Duzee, CAS,

Linsley 1943:127).

NEW MEXICO. HIDALGO COUNTY: Rodeo, 1

mi N, 9, VIII-29-63, asleep on Eriogonum (M. A.

Cazier and M. Mortenson, CIS) ; d, IX-4-63 (M.

A. Cazier and M. Mortenson, CIS).

MEXICO. SONORA: Belen, 5d", 38 9 9, IX-28-

66, from nesting site of Hypomacrotera callops (G.

E. and A. S. Bohart, GEB).

Although Holcopasites illinoiensis minimus was

originally accorded the rank of species, the male has

subsequently been discovered and with the acquisition

of much new material, we have been unable to find

any structural features to distinguish it from H.

illinoiensis. On the basis of geographically segregable

colorational features and differences in the expression

of white pubescence, we conclude that they are subspecifically distinct. It is interesting that H. illinoiensis

minimus has been associated with a host bee that is

different from those thus far associated with the

nominate subspecies (Table 1).

In late August of 1971, J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau

found adults of this subspecies examining burrow entrances of Hypomacrotera callops callops Cockerell

and Porter at one mile west of Douglas, Cochise

County, Arizona. In their excavation of the nests a

feeding larva and several postdefecating larvae of

presumably this subspecies were recovered. Of further

interest these observers noted nests of Calliopsis gilva

in the same area which were not visited or examined

by the adults of this parasite. Upon excavation of the

nests no Holcopasites larvae were recovered. However,

at 13 miles southwest of Apache, Cochise County,

Arizona, adults of this bee were seen flying over a

nesting area occupied by several species of the genus

Calliopsis.

6. Holcopasites stevensi (Crawford)

FIGURES 5, 13

Neopasites illinoiensis.—authors, not Robertson 1891, Crawford 1903:334 [Nebraska: Lincoln and West Point at

flowers of Solidago rigida and Grindelia squarrosa].—
NUMBER 1 14 37

Swenk 1907:297 [Nebraska: Lincoln, West Point, Cedar

Bluffs, and Omaha at flowers of Solidago rigida and Grindelia squarrosa in the fall and at flowers of Ratibida

columnaris, Symphoricarpos occidentalis and Asclepias sp.

in the summer].—Crawford 1912:359, 9 [Alberta: Medicine Hat. Note: Some of these records evidently also apply

to Holcopasites calliopsidis],

Holcopasites stevensi Crawford, 1915:123, 124, 125-126, 9 ,

$ [North Dakota (all at flowers of Grindelia squarrosa):

Bismarck (the type), Drake, McKenzie, Minot, and Williston. Nebraska: Lincoln at flowers of G. squarrosa and

West Point at flowers of Solidago rigida. Alberta: Medicine Hat].—Mavromoustakis 1963:754, 9 [Iowa].

Neopasites (Neopasites) stevensi.—Linsley 1943:124, 126,

135-136, 9 , S [Alberta, Nebraska, and North Dakota.

Flower records: Grindelia squarrosa and Solidago rigida].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) stevensi.—Linsley 1951:1208,

9 , & [Alberta to North Dakota and Nebraska].

Neopasites stevensi.—Stevens, 1951:204 [North Dakota

(mostly at flowers of Grindelia squarrosa, one specimen at

flowers of Me Hiatus alba): Bismarck, Drake, Hatton, McKenzie, Minot and Washburn].—Linsley 1944:280 [North

Dakota: Hatton, visiting flowers of Grindelia squarrosa].

Neopasites elegans Linsley, 1944:277-278, 9 [Texas: Culberson and El Paso Counties. New synonymy ].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) elegans.—Linsley 1951:1207,

9 , [Texas].

Neopasitse knulli Linsley, 1944:278-279, $ [Texas: Culberson and El Paso Counties. New synonymy].

Holcopasites (Holcopasites) knulli, Linsley, 1951:1208, 9

[Texas].—Rozen 1965:87, 88-91, figs. 1-2, [Arizona:

Southwestern Research Station near Portal, Cochise

County].—Rozen 1966:30 [Arizona: Southwestern Research Station near Portal].

LOCATION OF TYPES.—H. elegans and H. knulli,

Ohio State University, Columbus; H. stevensi, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.

GEOGRAPHIC RANGE.—Southern Canada (Alberta),

north-central (North Dakota and Nebraska) and

southwestern United States (Arizona, New Mexico,

and Texas).

HOSTS.—Calliopsis crypto Shinn (confirmed) and

possibly C. rozeni Shinn (Table 1).

FEMALE.—Head and thorax black, metasoma red or

chiefly so, sometimes terga darkened medially;

antennae, tegulae, and legs usually dark reddish or

deep mahogany brown, mandibles and anterior margin of clypeus bright rufotestaceous; calcaria reddish

brown. Vestiture of body chiefly white, mostly closely

appressed and forming patches on face about antennal

insertions, hind margins of head usually, mesonotal

line, dorsolateral angles of pronotum, anterolateral

angles of mesoscutum, mesepisternum, scutellum in

whole or in part, metanotum and propodeum normally at sides, legs basally and on metasoma, especially

on terga; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax and metasoma

without or at most only very inconspicuously clothed

with a few intermixed golden or reddish golden hairs.

Wings feebly violaceous, faintly tinged with brownish

apically. Length 4-7.5 mm. Eyes bare or at most with

a few, scattered, short hairs; face above antennae

closely and coarsely punctate, neither bigibbosely

swollen nor largely impunctate; antennae with first

flagellar segment shorter than succeeding two segments; anterior and lateral ocelli separated by much

less than twice their diameters; interocellar and

ocellorbital distances about equal; rear angle of mandible well behind middle of eye; labrum longitudinally

carinate medially, without a thornlike tubercle near

base, rather closely punctate on basal half or more except impunctate mediolongitudinally; ventral surface

of head rather closely and coarsely punctate adjacent

to hypostomal carinae, interspaces less than puncture

width across. Mesoscutum rather coarsely and nearly

rugosopunctate throughout; scutellum entire or at

most only weakly indented medially on posterior dorsal

surface, not prominently bilobed and not strongly

elevated posteriorly; metanotum produced posterolaterally into prominent posteriorly projected shelflike

processes; mesepisternum rather coarsely and nearly

rugosely punctate dorsally and with a large ringlike

patch of white pubescence; wing with second submarginal cell not usually small, more than one-half as

long as first submarginal cell when measured along

posterior side; spur of middle leg less than one-half

as long as corresponding basitarsus. Metasomal terga

II-IV basally with a transverse band of white pubescence on either side of middle, rarely bands greatly

reduced to form a spot (as in elegans type of variation) ; apical margin of tergum IV usually with a

quadripartite band of white pubescence, shortest band

segments situated laterally, widest band segments

situated immediately on either side of middle (occasionally absent in some specimens) ; pygidial plate

truncate apically, rounded laterally; fifth metasomal

sternum with apical margin entire or only slightly

incurved medially.

MALE.—Similar to female in coloration of integument and vestiture. Length 4-7 mm. Eyes bare or at

most with a few scattered hairs, not densely hirsute;

face as in female; antennae with first flagellar segment

much less than combined length of succeeding two
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

segments; ocelli and rear angle of mandible as in

female; labrum essentially as in female; ventral surface of head punctate about as in female. Mesoscutum,

scutellum, metanotum, mesepisterna, and wings as in

females; tegulae very nearly punctate throughout.

Metasomal terga II-V basally with a transverse band

of white pubescence on either side of middle (rarely

bands reduced to form a spot); apical margin of

tergum IV with only a short band or spot of white

pubescence laterally; apical margin of tergum V

(and sometimes VI also) with a complete (rarely interrupted medially) transverse band of white pubescence; basin of metasoma not sharply defined,

punctured at least at sides; apical margin of sixth

metasomal tergum feebly bisinuate in outline, without

a median triangular projection; seventh metasomal

tergum with lateral margins, as seen from above,

nearly right angled on either side of pygidial plate;

pygidial plate more than twice as long as maximum

basal width, nearly parallel sided essentially liguliform

in outline.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—ARIZONA. COCHISE

COUNTY: Douglas, 1 mi N, 2d, 10$, VIII-16-62,

flowers Bahia absinthifolia var. dealbata (E. G. Linsley, CIS). Douglas, 1 mi E, 2 $, VIII-12-62, flying

just above ground at 5:30 P.M. (M. A. Cazier, CIS);

4 9 , VI11-13-62, searching next to ground from

10:00-11:00 A.M. (M. A. Cazier, CIS); 2$ , VIII14—62, flying above ground among Hoffmanseggia

plants from 10:15 to 10:30 A.M. (M. A. Cazier, CIS) ;

10$, VIII—14—62, flying over surface of ground investigating holes from 11:00 to 11:20 A.M. (M. A.

Cazier, CIS); 21 ? , VIII-15-62, flying just above

ground between 9:30 and 9:50 A.M. (M. A. Cazier,

CIS); 7$, VIII-17-62 (M. A. Cazier, CIS) ;d, 3$ ,

same date (M. Statham, AMNH) ; 5$ VIII-12-62

(M. A. Cazier, CIS); d, VIII-19-62, flowers

Lepidium thurberi (M. Statham, AMNH); 2$ ,

VIII-19-68 (J. G. Rozen, AMNH); 3 ? VIII-20-68

(J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH); 3 ?, VIII21-68 (J. G. Rozen and M. Favreau, AMNH). Portal, d\ VIII-15-58 (P. D. Hurd, CIS) ; $ , VIII-16-

58 (C. G. Moore, CIS). Portal, 2 mi E, $ , VIII-26-

57 (W. F. Barr, UI). Portal, 2 mi N.E., 9, IX-23-61

(M. A. Cazier, CIS) ; $ , VIII-14-62 (H. A. Scullen,

GEB) ; ? , VIII-17-62 (H. A. Scullen, GEB). Portal,

2.5 mi NE, 9, VIII-16-59 (M. Statham, AMNH) ;

9. VIII-24-59 (M. Statham, AMNH). Portal, 5

mi N, 39 , IX-28-61 (M. Mortenson and M.

Statham, CIS). Southwestern Research Station, 9>

VIII-25-62, site A (J. G. Rozen, M. Statham, S. J.

Hessel, AMNH) ; 2 9, VIII-26-62 (J. G. Rozen, M.

Statham, S. J. Hessel, AMNH); 9 , same date, sleeping on stem near burrow #6 (J. G. Rozen, M.

Statham and S. J. Hessel, AMNH) ; 2 9 , VI11-29-62

(J. G. Rozen, M. Statham and S. J. Hessel, AMNH) ;

9 , VIII-20-62. Site C, Burrow # 1 (J. G. Rozen, M.

Statham and S. J. Hessel, AMNH); 9, IX-16-62

(J. G. Rozen, AMNH) ; 9, IX-17-62, flowers Heterotheca subaxillaris (J. G. Rozen, AMNH). Willcox,

d, VIII-20-58, flowers Baileya pleniradiata (E. G.

Linsley, CIS).

NEBRASKA. CUMING COUNTY: Westpoint, 9,

IX-6—00, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (J. C. Crawford, USNM). KNOX COUNTY: Crofton, 7 mi NW,

d, VIII-31-60, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (W. E.

LaBerge and C. McCoy, UN). LANCASTER COUNTY: Lincoln, 9, September (UN); d, IX-2-01,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (J. C. Crawford, USNM).

NEW MEXICO. EDDY COUNTY: Carlsbad, 5

mi N, 3d, 39 9, IX-21-56 (J. W. MacSwain, CIS).

HIDALGO COUNTY: Rodeo, 9, VII-21-58 (R. M.

Bohart, UCD). Rodeo, 2.5 mi N, d, IX-4-59,

flowers Heterotheca subaxillaris (J. R. Powers, Stage).

Rodeo, #18 mi N, 9, VIII-25-58 (J. Hamai, CIS).

Rodeo, 7 mi SE, 9, VIII-21-58 (J. M. Marston,

CIS).

NORTH DAKOTA. BURLEIGH COUNTY: Bismarck, 2<$, 9> VII1-6—13, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, USNM). McKenzie, 9, VIII5—13, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens,

AMNH). CASS COUNTY: Fargo, d, VIII-12-10,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH) ;

9, VIII—10—17, flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A.

Stevens, UN); d, 9, VIII-12-17, flowers Grindelia

squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH and UN). LA

MOURE COUNTY: Edgeley, 9, VIII-27-21, on

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH).

MCCLEAN COUNTY: Washburn, d, VII-23-26,

flowers Melilotus alba (O. A. Stevens, AMNH).

MCHENRY COUNTY: Drake, d, 9, VIII-24-15,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH,

USNM). MORTON COUNTY: Mandan Ullin, 10

mi W, 9, VIII-7-62 (J. G. and B. L. Rozen,

AMNH). STUTSMAN COUNTY: Jamestown, d,

VIII-7-62 (J. G. and B. L. Rozen, AMNH).

TRAILL COUNTY: Hatton, 5d\ 99 , VIII-3-40,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH).
NUMBER 1 14 39

WARD COUNTY: Minot, 2? , VIII-22-15, on flowers

Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, AMNH, USNM).

WILLIAMS COUNTY: Williston, o*, ? , VIII-9-15,

flowers Grindelia squarrosa (O. A. Stevens, CIS).

TEXAS. CULBERSON COUNTY: d, 3$ , VIII30-40 (D. J. and J. N. Knull, OSU, CIS, UCR).

EL PASO COUNTY: 2 $, VIII-30-40 (D. J. and J. N.

Knull, OSU).

CANADA. ALBERTA: Medicine Hat, d\ 2 ? (J.

R. Malloch, ANSP, USNM); 2o*, VIII-17-28, <?,

VIII-21-28, $ , VIII-26-28 (F. S. Carr, CAS).

Tilley, $ , VIII-18-40 (J. L. Carr, UA).

The eyes of Holcopasites stevensi, although normally

bare, are sometimes provided with minute scattered

hairs, especially in the males. This would seem to suggest a possible link with the species of the subgenus

Trichopasites whose eyes are densely clothed with

short, erect pubescence. There is also some variation

in the expression of the basal bands of white pubescence on the metasomal terga. Most frequently these

bands are as indicated in Figure 13; however, in

some specimens they are abbreviated transversely and

appear almost spotlike in outline. As a consequence

in these instances reliance must be placed on other

characteristics to establish the correct identification

of the species. One such extreme (H. elegans) which

previously had been characterized as a new species is

now placed as a synonym of this species as is also H.

TABLE 1.—Established and presumed host relationships of the genus Holcopasites1

Species of Holcopasites

arizonicus

"arizonicus?"

calliopsidis proper

heliopsis

illinoiensis proper

illinoiensis minimus

insoletus

pulchellus

stevensi

tegularis

spp.

Host

Calliopsis coloradensis*

Calliopsis pectidis

Pseudopanurgus occidus?

Pseudopanurgus timberlakei?

Pseudopanurgus sp.

Pseudopanurgus timberlakei? or P. occidus*

Calliopsis andreniformis

Calliopsis andreniformis*

Calliopsis andreniformis*

Calliopsis andreniformis*

Calliopsis andreniformis

Pseudopanurgus sp.

Calliopsis nebraskensis

Calliopsis andreniformis

Calliopsis andreniformis*

Calliopsis andreniformis

Hypomacrotera callops persimilis*

Hypomacrotera callops callops

Pseudopanurgus boylei

Pseudopanurgus perlaevis

Pseudopanurgus timberlakei?

Pseudopanurgus species B

Pseudopanurgus sp.

Pseudopanurgus spp.

Pseudopanurgus sp.

Calliopsis crypta*

Calliopsis rozeni?

Pseudopanurgus nanulus*

Calliopsis*

Hypomacrotera*

Pseudopanurgus aethiops*

Pseudopanurgus perlaevis*

Pseudopanurgus*

Authority

New record

Shinn (1965:15; 1967: 850, 920)

Rozen (1965:88, as unknown Pseudopanurgus)

Rozen (1965:88)

Linsley et al. (1956:82)

Rozen (1966:32, as Pseudopanurgus sp.)

Swenk (1907:297)

Ainslie (1937:99-100)

Rozen (1966:33)

Shinn (1967:928)

Rozen (1967:33)

Linsley et al. (1956:82)

New record

Robertson (1926:118)

Shinn (1967:929)

New record

New record

New record

Rozen (1967:26)

New record

Rozen (1965:88)

Rozen (1967:27)

Linsley et al., (1956:82)

Rozen (1965:88)

Linsley et al. (1956:82)

Rozen (1965:88)

Rozen (1965:88)

New record

Stephen et al. (1969:125)

Stephen et al. (1969:125)

Rozen (1965:90)

Rozen (1965:90, fig. 4)

Rozen (1965:90); Stephen et al. (1969:125)

1

 Established relationships are indicated by an asterisk (*); all others are presumed host relationships, see text for details.

Those specific names followed by a question mark indicate that the identification is in question.
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

knulli, which is indistinguishable from H. stevensi.

Prior to the description of H. stevensi, it was confused

with the earlier described H. illinoiensis by Crawford

(1903:334) and Swenk (1907: 297).

H. stevensi is distributed over much of the Rocky

Mountain region of North America from Canada

well into the southwestern United States, but has not

yet been found in Mexico, although almost surely it

occurs there. One specimen, a female in the collection

of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard

University, is simply labeled "Cala," suggesting perhaps that it was collected in California.

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1937a. Notes on the Biology of Two Panurgine Bees.

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1923. Neopasites and Polyergus (Hym.) at White Plains,

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1942. Notes and Descriptions of Some North American

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1965. Biological Notes on the Cuckoo Bee Genera Holcopasites and Neolarra (Hymenoptera: Apoidea).

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1943. The Type Species of the Genera and Subgenera

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In the bibliography (usually called "Literature Cited"), spell out book, journal, and

article titles, using initial caps with all words except minor terms such as "and, of, the." For

capitalization of titles in foreign languages, follow the national practice of each language.

Underscore (for italics) book and journal titles. Use the colon-parentheses system for volume,

number, and page citations: "10(2) :5-9." Spell out such words as "figures," "plates," "pages."

For free copies of his own paper, a Smithsonian author should indicate his requirements

on "Form 36" (submitted to the Press with the manuscript). A non-Smithsonian author will

receive 50 free copies; order forms for quantities above this amount with instructions for payment will be supplied when page proof is forwarded.