National Compensation Survey:

Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2019

U.S. Department of Labor

Patrick Pizzella, Acting Secretary 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

William W. Beach, Commissioner

September 2019

Bulletin 2791

Contents

Overview

Civilian tables

Private industry tables

State and local government tables

Technical note

Appendix table 1: Survey establishment response

Appendix table 2: Number of workers represented
Overview 

The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost trends 

and the coverage, costs, and provisions of employer-sponsored benefits in the United States. This bulletin 

presents 2019 estimates of the incidence and key provisions of employer-sponsored benefits for civilian 

workers, private industry workers, as well as state and local government workers by worker and 

establishment characteristics. 

These estimates are also accessible from the Benefits database as well as archived NCS publications

page. 

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) staff designed the survey, collected and reviewed the survey data, 

and prepared survey estimates for publication. The survey could not have been conducted without the 

cooperation of the many private businesses and state and local government agencies and jurisdictions 

that provided benefits data. BLS thanks these respondents for their cooperation. 

For more information on benefits estimates, contact NCS staff by phone at (202) 691–6199 or by email. 

Information is made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request (Voice phone: (202) 691– 

5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877–8339). Data requests also may be sent to U.S. Bureau of Labor 

Statistics, Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Room 4160, 

Washington, DC 20212. 

Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced 

without permission.

Page 2
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 71 56 79 26 21 82 60 43 72

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 86 75 87 40 33 83 71 55 79

Management, business, and financial ............... 88 78 89 32 27 82 81 68 84

Professional and related .................................... 85 74 87 43 36 83 66 50 76

Teachers ........................................................ 87 77 89 74 64 88 41 20 50

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 95 85 90 88 79 90 35 13 37

Registered nurses ......................................... 89 79 88 44 33 74 80 66 83

Service ................................................................... 48 32 66 16 14 89 38 20 54

Protective service .............................................. 78 66 85 54 50 94 44 27 61

Sales and office ..................................................... 74 56 76 20 15 73 67 48 72

Sales and related ............................................... 68 44 65 10 6 55 65 42 64

Office and administrative support ...................... 77 63 82 26 20 77 68 52 77

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 50 78 23 21 92 55 39 71

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 60 48 79 25 24 95 49 35 71

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 67 52 77 21 18 87 61 43 71

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 72 56 77 22 18 79 64 47 73

Production ......................................................... 74 58 79 19 14 78 71 54 76

Transportation and material moving .................. 71 54 76 26 21 79 57 40 70

Full time ................................................................. 80 66 82 31 25 83 68 51 75

Part time ................................................................ 40 24 60 11 8 72 33 18 54

Union ..................................................................... 94 85 90 79 70 88 47 33 69

Nonunion ............................................................... 67 51 77 17 13 77 62 45 72

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 46 27 58 8 6 70 42 22 54

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 32 16 48 4 3 72 30 13 44

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 54 77 21 17 80 60 43 71

Third 25 percent ................................................ 84 70 84 33 27 84 70 54 77

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 90 80 90 47 39 84 73 59 81

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 81 90 45 36 81 77 63 81

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 76 61 80 21 18 83 73 56 77

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 55 79 27 22 82 58 41 71

Education and health services ........................... 79 66 84 41 35 84 58 40 69

Educational services ...................................... 88 78 89 73 65 88 42 22 52

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 91 82 90 86 78 91 30 11 37

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 79 87 59 47 79 69 45 66

Health care and social assistance ................. 74 59 80 22 16 76 67 50 75

Hospitals .................................................... 93 81 87 49 35 71 83 67 81

Public administration ......................................... 91 85 94 87 79 91 36 21 57

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 3
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 41 73 12 10 84 50 34 69

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 51 38 74 10 8 83 47 33 70

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 51 73 19 16 85 59 38 65

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 71 83 40 32 81 70 52 74

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 64 78 26 21 83 69 50 72

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 79 88 56 45 80 70 54 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 59 83 30 26 85 57 43 75

New England ..................................................... 72 60 83 29 24 84 59 47 80

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 70 59 84 30 26 86 57 42 74

South ..................................................................... 70 52 75 25 20 81 60 40 66

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 53 75 26 20 76 63 41 65

East South Central ............................................ 71 52 73 26 22 84 62 41 65

West South Central ........................................... 68 52 77 23 20 88 54 38 70

Midwest ................................................................. 72 57 79 24 20 82 63 46 73

East North Central ............................................. 71 57 80 25 20 81 64 47 74

West North Central ............................................ 74 58 78 24 20 83 62 45 72

West ...................................................................... 71 58 82 25 20 80 58 45 76

Mountain ............................................................ 75 63 84 25 19 79 62 49 80

Pacific ................................................................ 69 56 80 25 21 81 57 42 75

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 4
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.9 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.0 1.0 2.3 2.3 0.7 1.6 1.3 2.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.1 2.6 1.2 2.8 2.5 3.1 2.6 3.0 1.7

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.1 2.1 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.0 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 1.3 3.8 3.1 6.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.7 4.1 1.6 1.2 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.4 2.3 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.7 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.1

Production ......................................................... 2.4 2.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 2.0 1.5 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.6 2.1 1.3 0.7 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 1.3 2.2 0.6 0.5 4.9 2.1 1.1 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.8 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.6 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.9 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.1 1.2 1.7 1.4 2.8 2.9 2.4 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 1.9 1.3 3.3 2.9 3.6 1.8 2.5 1.8

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 5
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 3.0 2.2 1.8 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.1

New England ..................................................... 3.1 2.6 1.2 1.7 1.6 3.7 2.6 2.4 1.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 2.0 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.5 2.2 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 4.3 5.8 3.8 3.9 3.4 2.3 3.3 4.5 4.0

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 3.3 1.9 1.7 2.4 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.5 1.7

West ...................................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 1.1 1.2 3.4 2.4 4.3 3.0 2.2 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 1.2 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.5 1.2 2.2

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 6
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 15 11 45

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 24 15 46

Management, business, and financial ............... 25 7 56

Professional and related .................................... 24 19 42

Teachers ........................................................ 28 46 13

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 28 60 7

Registered nurses ......................................... 35 9 45

Service ................................................................... 6 10 32

Protective service .............................................. 20 33 24

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 7 54

Sales and related ............................................... 7 3 58

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 10 51

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 14 9 41

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 13 11 36

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 15 7 46

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 14 9 50

Production ......................................................... 16 3 55

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 14 46

Full time ................................................................. 18 12 50

Part time ................................................................ 4 6 29

Union ..................................................................... 32 47 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 12 5 50

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 4 38

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 2 29

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 10 50

Third 25 percent ................................................ 19 14 51

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 30 17 43

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 13 45

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 18 4 55

Service-providing industries .................................. 15 12 43

Education and health services ........................... 20 22 38

Educational services ...................................... 27 46 15

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 25 61 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 37 22 32

Health care and social assistance ................. 15 7 52

Hospitals .................................................... 39 10 44

Public administration ......................................... 32 55 4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 7
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 6 44

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 4 42

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 10 50

100 workers or more .............................................. 24 16 46

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 12 56

500 workers or more .......................................... 36 20 35

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17 13 41

New England ..................................................... 16 13 43

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17 13 40

South ..................................................................... 16 9 44

South Atlantic .................................................... 19 7 44

East South Central ............................................ 17 9 45

West South Central ........................................... 9 13 45

Midwest ................................................................. 16 9 48

East North Central ............................................. 17 8 47

West North Central ............................................ 12 12 50

West ...................................................................... 13 13 46

Mountain ............................................................ 12 13 50

Pacific ................................................................ 13 12 44

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 8
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.5 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 0.7 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 0.8 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 1.7 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 2.0 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.8 1.2 3.6

Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.7 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.0 2.8 4.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.3 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.4 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 0.8 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.3 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 0.9 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9 1.7

Production ......................................................... 1.3 0.4 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.6 2.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.6 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.6 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.3 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.3 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.7 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 0.9 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.6 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.4 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 0.9 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 1.1 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.8 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.5 1.1 2.7

Hospitals .................................................... 3.4 1.4 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 9
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.4 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 0.9 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.5 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 0.7 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.7 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.7 1.6

New England ..................................................... 2.1 1.3 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.8 2.2

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.4 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.5 2.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 1.2 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 0.7 0.8 2.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.5 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 0.4 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.0 2.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 2.1 4.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.0 2.8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 10
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, civilian

workers,1 March 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

All Hard frozen4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 53 38 2 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 48 44 2 7

Management, business, and financial ............... 52 33 2 13

Professional and related .................................... 46 47 2 5

Teachers ........................................................ 45 55 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 45 54 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 44 38 – –

Service ................................................................... 59 39 1 2

Protective service .............................................. 51 48 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 51 37 2 10

Sales and related ............................................... 58 20 1 20

Office and administrative support ...................... 50 39 2 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 71 23 1 5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 79 17 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 59 31 2 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 58 29 4 9

Production ......................................................... 41 35 6 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 26 – –

Full time ................................................................. 52 39 2 7

Part time ................................................................ 63 33 – –

Union ..................................................................... 58 40 5 ( ) 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 49 37 3 11

Average wage within the following categories:6

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 54 39 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 57 39 – 4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 58 33 3 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 53 39 2 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 51 41 2 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 48 42 2 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 50 28 7 15

Service-providing industries .................................. 53 40 1 6

Education and health services ........................... 48 48 1 3

Educational services ...................................... 43 56 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 44 56 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 42 57 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 60 30 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 53 32 – –

Public administration ......................................... 45 55 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 11
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, civilian

workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

All Hard frozen4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 59 34 1 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 59 31 1 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 59 38 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 51 40 2 7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 57 35 3 5

500 workers or more .......................................... 48 43 2 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 49 40 2 9

New England ..................................................... 52 34 2 12

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 48 43 2 8

South ..................................................................... 52 41 2 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 59 33 3 5

East South Central ............................................ 41 52 4 3

West South Central ........................................... 44 48 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 58 33 2 7

East North Central ............................................. 58 33 2 7

West North Central ............................................ 59 32 5 ( ) 9

West ...................................................................... 54 39 1 7

Mountain ............................................................ 52 40 2 6

Pacific ................................................................ 54 38 1 7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans open to new participants. 3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 5 Less than 0.5. 6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 12
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

All Hard frozen4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.8 2.2 0.4 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.4 0.4 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.9 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.1 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 5.2 3.3 – –

Service ................................................................... 2.6 2.6 0.2 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 2.7 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.6 0.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 5.4 3.7 0.7 3.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.6 0.3 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.9 0.5 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.9 1.8 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.3 3.0 1.1 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.9 2.3 1.0 1.3

Production ......................................................... 3.5 3.3 1.3 3.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.3 2.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 3.5 3.5 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 2.6 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 7.3 7.4 – 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 1.7 0.6 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.9 0.5 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.8 2.2 1.3 1.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.5 0.4 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.3 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.5 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.2 3.5 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 5.2 2.9 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.6 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 13
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

All Hard frozen4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.3 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.7 2.2 0.2 1.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.2 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.4 0.4 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.4 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.4 2.3 0.7 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 1.9 0.5 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.5 0.4 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.8 2.3 0.6 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 2.9 2.9 0.8 0.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 1.9 0.8 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 3.0 2.3 1.2 2.0

West North Central ............................................ 4.1 3.2 0.1 2.1

West ...................................................................... 2.2 2.4 0.4 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 5.5 0.7 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 2.5 0.4 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans open to new participants. 3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 14
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 4 ( ) 9 91

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 7 92

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 8 91

Professional and related .................................... 4 ( ) 7 92

Teachers ........................................................ 1 6 94

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1 6 93

Registered nurses ......................................... – 17 83

Service ................................................................... – – 87

Protective service .............................................. – 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 91

Sales and related ............................................... – – 96

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 90

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 5 95

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 87

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 88

Production ......................................................... – 14 86

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 90

Full time ................................................................. 4 ( ) 8 91

Part time ................................................................ – – 88

Union ..................................................................... 4 ( ) 5 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 11 88

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 85

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 74

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4 ( ) 11 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 ( ) 9 90

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 7 93

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 5 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 9 91

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 9 91

Education and health services ........................... 4 ( ) 9 91

Educational services ...................................... 1 6 94

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1 5 94

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 93

Health care and social assistance ................. – 20 80

Hospitals .................................................... – 9 91

Public administration ......................................... – 10 90

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 15
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 9 91

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 88

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 95

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 ( ) 9 91

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 90

500 workers or more .......................................... 4 ( ) 8 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 7 93

New England ..................................................... – – 90

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 6 94

South ..................................................................... – 10 90

South Atlantic .................................................... – 7 93

East South Central ............................................ – 24 76

West South Central ........................................... – 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 2 10 88

East North Central ............................................. 2 7 91

West North Central ............................................ – – 82

West ...................................................................... – – 93

Mountain ............................................................ – – 95

Pacific ................................................................ – – 92

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2018 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2014 and 2017 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2014 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 16
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.1 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 1.2 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.1 1.3 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.1 1.4 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... – 4.0 4.0

Service ................................................................... – – 2.5

Protective service .............................................. – 1.9 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... – – 1.6

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 2.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 2.1 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 2.5

Production ......................................................... – 4.0 4.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ – – 3.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.1 0.8 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.1 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 4.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 17.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.2 1.3 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 0.6 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.2 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 2.3 2.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 0.1 1.1 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.1 1.0 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.2 1.0 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.8 3.8

Hospitals .................................................... – 2.0 2.0

Public administration ......................................... – 1.4 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 17
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 2.1 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 3.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.1 0.9 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.4 1.4

New England ..................................................... – – 4.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... – 1.4 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... – 1.2 1.2

East South Central ............................................ – 5.5 5.5

West South Central ........................................... – 1.3 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 1.5 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 1.4 1.5

West North Central ............................................ – – 3.7

West ...................................................................... – – 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ – – 1.6

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2018 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2014 and 2017 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2014 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 18
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 3 97 60 12 15 23

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 98 66 9 15 22

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 98 45 11 27 26

Professional and related .................................... 2 98 72 8 12 20

Service ................................................................... 1 99 78 9 4 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94 47 12 22 26

Sales and related ............................................... 17 83 8 7 44 32

Office and administrative support ...................... 4 96 53 12 18 26

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 95 55 17 11 19

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95 30 26 21 31

Production ......................................................... – 100 14 35 34 35

Full time ................................................................. 2 98 61 12 16 23

Part time ................................................................ 14 86 54 9 7 22

Union ..................................................................... 1 99 78 11 5 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 95 47 12 22 26

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 91 62 9 13 18

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3 97 58 12 17 26

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 97 57 14 11 26

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 98 62 10 18 21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 99 57 11 22 24

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2 98 15 28 41 34

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 97 67 9 11 22

Education and health services ........................... 2 98 83 5 3 21

Health care and social assistance ................. 6 94 46 10 11 33

Public administration ......................................... – 100 90 8 – 19

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 19
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March

2019—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 98 63 9 12 25

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 97 55 9 14 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 97 59 12 16 23

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 94 60 11 14 24

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 98 59 13 17 22

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 98 63 7 14 27

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 97 67 7 12 27

South ..................................................................... 4 96 59 14 14 28

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 93 49 15 17 40

West South Central ........................................... 2 98 69 9 9 14

Midwest ................................................................. 2 98 56 15 14 22

East North Central ............................................. 2 98 52 16 14 27

West ...................................................................... 4 96 63 9 20 12

Mountain ............................................................ 3 97 65 9 20 11

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96 63 10 21 12

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 20
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian

workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 0.6 2.9 1.5 2.5 2.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.9 1.2 1.2

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.5 3.0 1.6 1.0 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.6 2.0

Sales and related ............................................... 3.7 3.7 2.8 1.9 5.6 6.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.6 2.5 3.6 2.7 4.3

Production ......................................................... – 0.0 2.0 5.1 4.2 5.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.7 4.3 2.3 1.8 4.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.6 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 3.5 2.3 2.8 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 2.3 1.7 1.8 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.6 0.6 2.8 3.3 3.2 4.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.8 1.9 1.0 0.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9 4.5 3.0 3.0 4.5

Public administration ......................................... – 0.0 1.5 1.3 – 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 21
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian

workers,2 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.7 1.1 1.5 2.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1 4.1 1.7 2.1 4.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.7 2.2 1.0 1.8 2.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.2 1.1 1.9 2.7

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.8 2.0 2.4

West South Central ........................................... 0.6 0.6 2.7 2.0 2.5 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.9 2.5 2.2 2.7

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 0.7 2.1 3.4 2.9 3.8

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 1.5 2.4 2.5 3.9 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.9 1.5 2.2 1.6

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 22
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilian

workers,1 March 2019

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 69 31 83 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 67 33 84 16

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 30 86 14

Professional and related .................................... 66 34 82 18

Teachers ........................................................ 70 30 92 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 76 24 97 3

Registered nurses ......................................... 61 39 77 23

Service ................................................................... 69 31 85 15

Protective service .............................................. 65 35 91 9

Sales and office ..................................................... 73 27 85 15

Sales and related ............................................... 78 22 86 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 71 29 84 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 67 33 82 18

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 59 41 77 23

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 26 86 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 70 30 81 19

Production ......................................................... 71 29 81 19

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 31 81 19

Full time ................................................................. 69 31 83 17

Part time ................................................................ 73 27 85 15

Union ..................................................................... 61 39 77 23

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 30 84 16

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 23 86 14

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 74 26 84 16

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 30 84 16

Third 25 percent ................................................ 68 32 82 18

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 33 83 17

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 67 33 83 17

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 68 32 80 20

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 30 84 16

Education and health services ........................... 63 37 82 18

Educational services ...................................... 66 34 91 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 69 31 92 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 63 37 89 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 37 79 21

Hospitals .................................................... 65 35 82 18

Public administration ......................................... 65 35 89 11

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 23
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilian

workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 69 31 83 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 32 83 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 29 85 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 30 84 16

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 28 85 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 67 33 82 18

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 37 81 19

New England ..................................................... 64 36 80 20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 63 37 81 19

South ..................................................................... 73 27 82 18

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 29 81 19

East South Central ............................................ 76 24 81 19

West South Central ........................................... 76 24 85 15

Midwest ................................................................. 69 31 84 16

East North Central ............................................. 68 32 84 16

West North Central ............................................ 73 27 83 17

West ...................................................................... 69 31 87 13

Mountain ............................................................ 72 28 87 13

Pacific ................................................................ 67 33 87 13

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 24
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 2.9 2.9 2.0 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.6 4.6 1.1 1.1

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7

Service ................................................................... 2.8 2.8 1.7 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 5.2 5.2 2.0 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... 2.7 2.7 1.2 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.5 3.5 2.6 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.8 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.9 0.9 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.7 3.7 1.7 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.0 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.6 1.9 1.9

Hospitals .................................................... 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4

Public administration ......................................... 3.2 3.2 1.7 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 25
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.8

New England ..................................................... 3.1 3.1 1.9 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.6

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 4.7 4.7 1.9 1.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 26
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2

March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 72 58 81 71 52 73

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 88 75 85 88 67 76

Management, business, and financial ............... 94 80 84 94 71 75

Professional and related .................................... 85 74 86 85 65 76

Teachers ........................................................ 86 73 85 85 64 75

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 95 80 84 95 71 75

Registered nurses ......................................... 89 75 84 88 64 73

Service ................................................................... 48 35 72 48 30 63

Protective service .............................................. 74 60 81 74 52 70

Sales and office ..................................................... 70 55 78 69 49 71

Sales and related ............................................... 55 39 71 54 35 65

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 64 81 78 57 73

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 74 62 83 74 58 78

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 70 58 82 70 55 78

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 78 66 84 78 61 78

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 62 81 76 56 73

Production ......................................................... 81 66 82 81 60 75

Transportation and material moving .................. 73 58 79 72 52 71

Full time ................................................................. 87 72 82 87 64 74

Part time ................................................................ 23 15 63 22 12 56

Union ..................................................................... 95 84 88 94 75 80

Nonunion ............................................................... 68 54 79 68 48 71

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 41 27 66 40 24 61

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 26 16 61 26 15 57

Second 25 percent ............................................ 74 58 79 74 52 70

Third 25 percent ................................................ 89 75 85 88 67 76

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 81 87 93 71 77

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 83 89 94 73 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 85 72 84 85 65 77

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 56 80 69 50 72

Education and health services ........................... 78 65 83 77 56 72

Educational services ...................................... 87 74 86 86 66 76

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 75 84 88 66 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 79 89 90 71 79

Health care and social assistance ................. 73 59 80 72 50 70

Hospitals .................................................... 92 79 85 91 66 73

Public administration ......................................... 90 81 90 90 72 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 57 45 78 57 40 71

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 52 41 79 52 37 71

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 72 55 77 72 50 69

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 72 83 86 63 74

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 27
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 45 35 78 27 22 81 70 51 73

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 61 48 79 37 30 82 87 66 76

Management, business, and financial ............... 64 51 79 38 31 82 92 70 75

Professional and related .................................... 60 47 79 37 30 82 84 64 76

Teachers ........................................................ 54 42 77 33 27 82 84 63 75

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 57 44 77 34 29 84 93 70 75

Registered nurses ......................................... 61 46 75 36 30 81 87 63 73

Service ................................................................... 28 20 73 17 13 76 46 29 63

Protective service .............................................. 45 38 84 31 24 77 70 52 74

Sales and office ..................................................... 41 32 77 24 19 80 68 48 71

Sales and related ............................................... 28 20 72 15 11 77 52 34 65

Office and administrative support ...................... 49 38 78 30 24 80 77 56 73

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 39 33 85 27 23 85 73 57 78

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 34 29 85 24 22 89 69 54 78

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 37 85 30 24 82 76 59 78

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 47 38 81 30 24 80 76 55 73

Production ......................................................... 49 40 82 30 24 81 80 59 74

Transportation and material moving .................. 45 36 79 30 24 78 72 51 71

Full time ................................................................. 55 43 79 33 27 81 85 63 74

Part time ................................................................ 13 9 68 8 6 72 21 12 56

Union ..................................................................... 74 62 84 56 48 85 93 74 80

Nonunion ............................................................... 40 31 77 23 18 79 67 47 71

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 18 13 69 10 7 70 39 24 61

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 11 7 69 6 4 63 25 14 58

Second 25 percent ............................................ 42 33 78 25 20 80 72 51 70

Third 25 percent ................................................ 58 46 79 36 30 82 87 66 76

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 55 81 43 36 83 91 70 77

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 74 59 80 49 41 83 93 72 77

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 52 44 85 33 28 84 84 64 76

Service-providing industries .................................. 44 34 77 26 21 80 68 49 72

Education and health services ........................... 52 39 75 29 24 82 76 55 72

Educational services ...................................... 55 43 77 33 27 81 85 65 76

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 53 41 77 32 27 84 87 65 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 64 50 78 37 27 75 89 70 79

Health care and social assistance ................. 50 37 74 26 22 83 70 49 70

Hospitals .................................................... 69 53 76 40 32 80 88 64 72

Public administration ......................................... 61 54 89 43 37 86 89 72 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 25 77 19 16 81 56 39 71

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 29 22 78 18 14 82 51 36 71

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 41 32 76 24 19 77 70 48 69

100 workers or more .............................................. 58 46 79 36 29 81 85 63 74

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 28
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2

March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 83 67 80 82 59 72

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 77 85 90 68 76

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 72 59 82 71 51 72

New England ..................................................... 73 62 84 73 53 72

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 71 58 81 70 51 72

South ..................................................................... 71 56 78 71 51 71

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 55 78 70 50 71

East South Central ............................................ 73 58 79 73 53 72

West South Central ........................................... 72 56 77 72 51 71

Midwest ................................................................. 70 57 80 70 50 71

East North Central ............................................. 70 57 80 69 50 72

West North Central ............................................ 71 57 80 71 49 70

West ...................................................................... 75 64 85 74 56 76

Mountain ............................................................ 74 62 83 74 54 74

Pacific ................................................................ 75 65 86 74 57 76

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 29
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 51 39 77 31 25 80 81 58 72

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 53 80 41 34 81 89 68 76

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 49 39 79 29 23 82 70 51 72

New England ..................................................... 48 39 80 18 14 78 70 51 72

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 38 78 32 27 83 70 51 72

South ..................................................................... 36 27 75 20 15 76 70 50 71

South Atlantic .................................................... 37 28 75 20 16 76 69 49 71

East South Central ............................................ 33 26 80 20 15 78 72 52 72

West South Central ........................................... 36 26 73 21 15 74 71 50 71

Midwest ................................................................. 44 34 78 25 19 78 68 49 71

East North Central ............................................. 44 34 79 27 21 78 68 49 72

West North Central ............................................ 45 35 77 21 16 77 69 48 69

West ...................................................................... 57 46 81 40 34 86 73 55 75

Mountain ............................................................ 52 40 78 31 25 82 72 54 74

Pacific ................................................................ 59 48 82 44 38 87 73 56 76

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 30
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.1 1.0 2.1 2.0 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.8

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.6 2.5 1.8 2.6 2.4 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 2.2 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.0

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.9 0.8 2.3 1.8 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 2.1 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 0.9 2.2 1.1 0.8 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 1.3 4.6 1.8 1.3 4.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.3 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.4 1.5 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.2 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.0

Hospitals .................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.6

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 31
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.0 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.8 2.5 1.9 4.0 3.3 1.5 1.8 2.2 1.9

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.2 2.4 1.1 0.8 2.5 1.2 0.9 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 3.8 3.4 4.0 3.2 2.2 4.9 3.8 2.9 2.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.2 2.0 0.9 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.8 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 2.4 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.5 2.7 2.4 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 1.7 0.8 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.7 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.3 2.1 1.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 0.9 2.8 0.7 0.6 2.9 1.1 0.8 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.8 2.1 0.7 0.6 3.0 1.0 0.7 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.2 4.7 0.9 0.7 6.8 1.7 1.4 4.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.1 1.9 0.9 2.2 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.2 1.9

Hospitals .................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.6 3.3 2.7 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.4

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 32
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.2 1.9 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 5.6 3.7 2.2 5.7 2.5 2.9

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 2.1 1.4 2.9 1.3 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.4 2.5 1.3 2.4 2.5 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 2.8 1.4 2.6 3.4 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 33
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.5 1.6 1.5 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9

New England ..................................................... 1.9 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.4 3.3 2.0 1.9 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 4.3 3.4 0.9 3.4 2.8 1.4 5.7 2.4 2.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.1 3.1 1.8 1.6 3.0 3.0 1.2 2.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.0 2.5 1.2 2.3 2.3 1.4

West ...................................................................... 2.1 1.8 1.2 2.4 2.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.7 3.3 2.4 4.5 3.5 1.6 2.4 3.3 2.7

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.2 1.4 2.6 2.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 34
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 80 20 67 33

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 19 68 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 79 21 69 31

Professional and related .................................... 82 18 68 32

Teachers ........................................................ 83 17 66 34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 83 17 64 36

Registered nurses ......................................... 83 17 72 28

Service ................................................................... 80 20 63 37

Protective service .............................................. 86 14 74 26

Sales and office ..................................................... 79 21 66 34

Sales and related ............................................... 76 24 63 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 80 20 67 33

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 79 21 68 32

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 79 21 67 33

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 79 21 68 32

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 79 21 70 30

Production ......................................................... 80 20 72 28

Transportation and material moving .................. 79 21 69 31

Full time ................................................................. 80 20 67 33

Part time ................................................................ 79 21 63 37

Union ..................................................................... 86 14 80 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 21 64 36

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 23 59 41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 76 24 60 40

Second 25 percent ............................................ 79 21 66 34

Third 25 percent ................................................ 80 20 68 32

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 82 18 71 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 81 19 72 28

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 80 20 71 29

Service-providing industries .................................. 80 20 66 34

Education and health services ........................... 82 18 66 34

Educational services ...................................... 84 16 67 33

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 84 16 65 35

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 84 16 71 29

Health care and social assistance ................. 81 19 65 35

Hospitals .................................................... 84 16 75 25

Public administration ......................................... 88 12 77 23

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 35
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 21 62 38

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 79 21 62 38

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 21 63 37

100 workers or more .............................................. 81 19 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 20 67 33

500 workers or more .......................................... 82 18 74 26

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 81 19 74 26

New England ..................................................... 78 22 72 28

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 82 18 74 26

South ..................................................................... 79 21 63 37

South Atlantic .................................................... 79 21 64 36

East South Central ............................................ 79 21 64 36

West South Central ........................................... 80 20 61 39

Midwest ................................................................. 79 21 69 31

East North Central ............................................. 79 21 70 30

West North Central ............................................ 81 19 67 33

West ...................................................................... 81 19 67 33

Mountain ............................................................ 79 21 66 34

Pacific ................................................................ 82 18 68 32

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 36
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.6

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Production ......................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.4 2.1 2.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Hospitals .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 37
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

New England ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

South ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.6 1.6

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 38
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $472.55 15 $595.61 85 $450.54 $135.12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 487.73 14 588.57 86 470.63 132.71

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 460.16 11 568.01 89 447.07 134.41

Professional and related .................................... 100 501.11 16 595.20 84 482.81 131.83

Teachers ........................................................ 100 538.09 20 591.73 80 524.44 146.73

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 538.12 23 584.11 77 524.66 154.12

Registered nurses ......................................... 100 504.88 8 623.87 92 494.73 111.02

Service ................................................................... 100 476.35 17 598.65 83 451.16 138.59

Protective service .............................................. 100 557.80 20 604.66 80 546.22 117.58

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 462.09 13 602.58 87 441.85 133.38

Sales and related ............................................... 100 424.91 9 607.11 91 406.50 137.82

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 475.78 14 601.47 86 455.58 131.66

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 460.57 21 587.24 79 427.84 141.70

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 456.90 26 593.21 74 409.34 149.22

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 464.07 16 577.77 84 443.23 135.44

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 451.66 16 608.00 84 422.12 137.58

Production ......................................................... 100 438.07 15 541.99 85 419.29 132.57

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 466.45 17 674.49 83 425.24 143.10

Full time ................................................................. 100 473.31 15 589.76 85 453.06 134.83

Part time ................................................................ 100 459.75 21 664.52 79 404.62 140.53

Union ..................................................................... 100 580.69 30 654.63 70 548.33 140.74

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 445.20 11 555.44 89 431.14 134.01

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 431.72 13 612.95 87 404.65 139.90

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 415.69 14 610.35 86 384.89 143.04

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 455.92 14 591.41 86 433.45 134.07

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 477.51 16 587.97 84 456.41 135.25

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 497.79 16 599.47 84 478.39 133.72

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 490.86 16 583.32 84 473.48 138.12

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 442.36 17 539.56 83 423.10 134.84

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 479.39 15 609.72 85 456.62 135.19

Education and health services ........................... 100 516.58 15 610.64 85 499.98 132.38

Educational services ...................................... 100 540.61 20 602.47 80 525.25 138.06

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 537.90 23 592.44 77 521.25 147.25

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 548.88 13 617.23 87 538.88 122.13

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 497.24 11 622.45 89 481.64 128.25

Hospitals .................................................... 100 513.81 11 622.02 89 499.86 115.20

Public administration ......................................... 100 604.68 23 640.61 77 593.99 111.34

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 39
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 $454.08 17 $578.20 83 $428.80 $141.04

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 449.74 17 578.62 83 423.24 141.65

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 463.30 17 577.28 83 440.59 139.74

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 484.34 14 608.97 86 463.94 131.48

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 468.58 12 616.33 88 448.06 133.61

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 499.93 16 603.40 84 480.36 129.27

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 503.91 17 639.29 83 476.71 137.48

New England ..................................................... 100 486.67 7 611.32 93 476.94 147.02

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 510.09 20 642.90 80 476.61 133.50

South ..................................................................... 100 452.52 13 572.78 87 434.88 133.63

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 459.72 11 599.92 89 443.21 134.67

East South Central ............................................ 100 455.80 13 562.82 87 440.09 131.85

West South Central ........................................... 100 438.97 17 548.06 83 417.38 132.72

Midwest ................................................................. 100 470.44 14 616.57 86 445.97 138.13

East North Central ............................................. 100 471.93 14 627.65 86 447.22 141.64

West North Central ............................................ 100 467.17 16 595.40 84 443.16 130.22

West ...................................................................... 100 479.38 18 572.98 82 458.62 132.71

Mountain ............................................................ 100 447.48 14 573.48 86 427.73 133.07

Pacific ................................................................ 100 493.07 20 572.84 80 472.96 132.54

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 40
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $3.08 0.6 $7.12 0.6 $3.09 $1.20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.32 0.7 10.13 0.7 4.44 2.02

Management, business, and financial ............... 7.93 0.8 25.19 0.8 7.56 2.45

Professional and related .................................... 4.27 0.9 9.50 0.9 4.26 2.44

Teachers ........................................................ 7.45 1.4 5.90 1.4 9.02 6.25

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9.74 1.5 6.29 1.5 12.19 7.85

Registered nurses ......................................... 6.28 1.3 14.06 1.3 6.70 4.61

Service ................................................................... 9.36 2.0 15.75 2.0 9.28 4.75

Protective service .............................................. 11.05 2.6 11.75 2.6 13.40 7.00

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.43 0.9 10.68 0.9 3.10 2.18

Sales and related ............................................... 5.45 1.7 19.80 1.7 5.89 2.86

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.34 1.1 11.68 1.1 3.84 2.82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 8.48 1.9 16.40 1.9 7.92 3.80

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 13.14 3.0 16.66 3.0 14.40 7.04

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 8.15 2.3 27.36 2.3 7.52 3.86

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.13 1.5 13.21 1.5 6.75 2.59

Production ......................................................... 8.48 1.6 12.78 1.6 9.58 3.05

Transportation and material moving .................. 9.42 2.4 21.01 2.4 8.96 3.98

Full time ................................................................. 3.00 0.5 6.91 0.5 3.07 1.29

Part time ................................................................ 15.55 3.1 27.24 3.1 13.78 7.68

Union ..................................................................... 5.35 1.4 8.69 1.4 5.85 2.79

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.37 0.6 9.30 0.6 3.37 1.38

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 8.95 1.4 21.09 1.4 7.92 2.87

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 22.58 3.6 60.42 3.6 17.90 7.15

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.35 1.0 15.28 1.0 4.07 2.41

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.07 0.9 7.81 0.9 3.45 2.05

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4.62 0.7 10.13 0.7 4.65 1.90

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6.26 0.9 13.26 0.9 6.92 3.20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 6.47 1.1 10.96 1.1 6.76 2.83

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.49 0.7 8.20 0.7 3.45 1.34

Education and health services ........................... 5.29 1.0 7.41 1.0 5.52 3.45

Educational services ...................................... 4.40 0.9 6.18 0.9 5.53 4.47

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6.52 1.1 6.33 1.1 9.00 6.04

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 9.82 1.6 15.71 1.6 9.80 3.86

Health care and social assistance ................. 8.82 1.6 14.95 1.6 8.46 5.00

Hospitals .................................................... 5.96 1.6 10.51 1.6 6.86 4.82

Public administration ......................................... 6.63 1.6 15.89 1.6 6.19 2.46

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 41
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $5.36 1.1 $15.42 1.1 $5.06 $1.92

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.19 1.3 19.75 1.3 5.53 3.14

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.70 1.8 16.79 1.8 7.93 4.72

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.94 0.7 6.41 0.7 3.11 1.49

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.41 0.8 10.98 0.8 4.49 2.04

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.97 1.0 8.11 1.0 4.43 1.95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.99 1.2 9.79 1.2 5.97 2.97

New England ..................................................... 10.23 1.4 37.49 1.4 10.95 6.45

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.82 1.4 9.12 1.4 6.86 3.31

South ..................................................................... 4.99 1.1 15.52 1.1 4.79 2.54

South Atlantic .................................................... 6.40 1.5 35.44 1.5 6.81 3.95

East South Central ............................................ 16.72 3.6 31.76 3.6 10.13 3.27

West South Central ........................................... 8.13 1.3 11.36 1.3 8.50 4.22

Midwest ................................................................. 5.44 1.0 12.09 1.0 7.45 1.40

East North Central ............................................. 7.05 1.3 15.36 1.3 10.29 1.91

West North Central ............................................ 7.83 1.6 21.19 1.6 6.63 2.09

West ...................................................................... 8.25 1.4 14.38 1.4 6.71 2.05

Mountain ............................................................ 15.50 1.0 28.23 1.0 14.19 4.79

Pacific ................................................................ 9.77 2.0 16.78 2.0 7.00 2.02

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 42
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 71 17 9 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 69 19 10 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 74 18 7 2

Professional and related .................................... 66 19 12 2

Teachers ........................................................ 67 23 6 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 69 21 7 4

Registered nurses ......................................... 63 23 13 1

Service ................................................................... 78 15 5 2

Protective service .............................................. 74 16 3 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 23 8 1

Sales and related ............................................... 63 30 6 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 69 21 9 2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 75 10 13 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 77 7 13 3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 – 13 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 11 11 1

Production ......................................................... 80 11 8 1

Transportation and material moving .................. 74 11 14 4 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 71 17 10 2

Part time ................................................................ 75 17 8 1

Union ..................................................................... 71 10 13 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 71 19 9 1

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 79 16 5 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 90 7 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 19 9 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 73 16 10 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 18 12 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 17 13 4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 78 11 9 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 19 10 2

Education and health services ........................... 68 22 8 2

Educational services ...................................... 66 26 5 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 69 20 6 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 58 37 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 70 19 10 1

Hospitals .................................................... 61 27 – –

Public administration ......................................... 63 22 5 10

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 43
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 74 14 10 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 74 15 10 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 76 11 11 2

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 20 9 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 76 16 7 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 24 10 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 17 10 3

New England ..................................................... 73 12 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 70 19 9 3

South ..................................................................... 71 21 7 4 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 69 25 6 4 ( )

East South Central ............................................ 73 21 – –

West South Central ........................................... 75 16 9 4 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 75 14 9 1

East North Central ............................................. 76 14 9 1

West North Central ............................................ 74 14 11 1

West ...................................................................... 69 15 13 4

Mountain ............................................................ 68 20 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 69 12 14 5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 44
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.3 2.0 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.7 2.3 1.0 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.0 2.5 1.2 0.7

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 2.5 2.9 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.6 0.7 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 1.5 0.8 1.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.9 2.6 0.9 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.2 1.3 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.1 1.5 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.3 1.6 2.9 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 – 1.7 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.1 1.2 0.2

Production ......................................................... 2.1 1.6 1.3 0.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.7 1.6 2.3 0.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 1.4 1.2 0.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.9 1.6 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.4 0.6 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 1.9 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.6 1.5 2.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.8 1.4 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.8 0.8 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.1 1.9 1.0 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.6 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.8 2.3 0.3

Hospitals .................................................... 3.6 3.0 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 45
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.2 1.8 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 1.7 2.5 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 1.1 2.2 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 1.7 1.8 0.5

New England ..................................................... 3.3 2.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.6 2.2 1.6 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.4 2.4 1.5 0.1

East South Central ............................................ 4.8 5.0 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.6 1.5 0.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 1.7 0.8 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 2.3 1.0 0.3

West North Central ............................................ 3.4 2.4 1.2 0.2

West ...................................................................... 2.4 1.2 2.7 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 2.4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.4 1.5 3.6 0.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 46
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,114.86 7 $1,583.45 93 $1,079.90 $563.66

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,137.60 5 1,531.86 95 1,115.29 551.93

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 1,138.21 4 1,503.89 96 1,123.61 528.96

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,137.31 6 1,540.32 94 1,111.21 563.19

Teachers ........................................................ 100 1,093.00 7 1,657.16 93 1,051.29 591.09

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 1,063.53 8 1,666.22 92 1,008.77 620.83

Registered nurses ......................................... 100 1,257.53 5 1,775.41 95 1,231.21 502.95

Service ................................................................... 100 1,065.51 8 1,656.79 92 1,016.55 631.89

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,294.43 6 1,734.62 94 1,264.32 473.72

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,075.36 4 1,561.85 96 1,054.35 563.73

Sales and related ............................................... 100 976.94 3 1,494.00 97 963.41 563.03

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,111.56 5 1,575.33 95 1,088.57 563.99

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,108.84 12 1,609.57 88 1,041.42 568.91

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 1,087.36 16 1,664.43 84 980.68 581.10

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 1,129.23 8 1,511.88 92 1,094.52 558.26

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,158.82 12 1,600.00 88 1,100.02 531.75

Production ......................................................... 100 1,168.05 11 1,530.58 89 1,122.80 502.53

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 1,148.97 12 1,665.95 88 1,075.31 563.43

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,121.14 6 1,571.15 94 1,090.08 559.87

Part time ................................................................ 100 1,009.26 15 1,671.77 85 891.18 633.92

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,425.88 23 1,668.94 77 1,353.70 468.84

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 1,035.55 3 1,409.94 97 1,024.47 582.85

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 932.41 5 1,560.09 95 900.24 654.54

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 931.82 5 1,531.56 95 900.42 609.82

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,066.07 6 1,579.66 94 1,033.92 573.27

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,140.20 8 1,580.85 92 1,102.20 553.51

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,203.72 8 1,594.27 92 1,171.28 526.60

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,213.85 8 1,546.58 92 1,185.23 519.37

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 1,149.61 11 1,530.66 89 1,104.83 500.49

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,107.06 6 1,603.77 94 1,074.55 577.19

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,125.31 6 1,697.39 94 1,089.86 610.66

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,121.67 7 1,675.72 93 1,081.52 576.91

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 1,069.04 9 1,676.21 91 1,009.26 620.68

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,238.93 2 1,587.16 98 1,230.25 491.97

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,128.28 5 1,720.94 95 1,096.55 637.75

Hospitals .................................................... 100 1,315.96 7 1,727.87 93 1,283.68 477.23

Public administration ......................................... 100 1,344.47 7 1,704.92 93 1,316.70 433.46

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 47
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 $1,012.35 6 $1,497.95 94 $979.81 $634.53

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 1,001.75 6 1,465.81 94 971.99 634.92

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 1,034.73 7 1,558.01 93 996.47 633.71

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,178.71 7 1,628.91 93 1,142.95 519.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,101.85 5 1,619.31 95 1,076.32 555.59

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,254.18 10 1,633.35 90 1,212.21 480.97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,270.18 12 1,707.08 88 1,212.57 499.94

New England ..................................................... 100 1,249.16 3 1,630.07 97 1,236.53 506.11

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,277.72 15 1,713.12 85 1,202.81 497.43

South ..................................................................... 100 1,018.24 3 1,538.86 97 1,002.20 596.49

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 1,047.93 3 1,538.03 97 1,031.62 593.41

East South Central ............................................ 100 1,024.08 3 1,628.02 97 1,002.53 569.14

West South Central ........................................... 100 966.43 2 1,476.77 98 953.99 614.94

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,141.31 8 1,572.45 92 1,103.33 549.11

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,166.82 9 1,545.23 91 1,131.12 534.56

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,086.78 7 1,644.35 93 1,044.98 579.65

West ...................................................................... 100 1,111.17 8 1,480.22 92 1,079.12 573.77

Mountain ............................................................ 100 1,055.32 7 1,498.59 93 1,022.69 562.10

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,135.52 8 1,473.75 92 1,104.17 578.95

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 48
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $8.97 0.3 $19.07 0.3 $9.12 $5.22

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11.58 0.4 25.79 0.4 11.78 8.31

Management, business, and financial ............... 19.27 0.5 51.26 0.5 19.42 9.32

Professional and related .................................... 12.14 0.4 28.26 0.4 12.25 10.80

Teachers ........................................................ 19.51 0.7 20.60 0.7 19.82 13.68

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 23.01 0.9 21.63 0.9 22.42 16.54

Registered nurses ......................................... 37.44 1.1 45.81 1.1 39.30 18.46

Service ................................................................... 28.04 1.2 61.96 1.2 28.32 17.90

Protective service .............................................. 26.16 1.0 39.81 1.0 27.52 24.19

Sales and office ..................................................... 12.44 0.3 32.05 0.3 12.82 8.56

Sales and related ............................................... 21.09 0.5 87.52 0.5 22.46 12.92

Office and administrative support ...................... 13.08 0.4 39.14 0.4 13.17 11.01

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 19.93 1.4 44.44 1.4 20.02 17.38

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 31.57 2.4 37.44 2.4 32.21 30.76

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 21.89 1.7 99.33 1.7 20.78 16.46

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 16.33 1.4 29.43 1.4 16.87 11.81

Production ......................................................... 22.85 1.7 31.88 1.7 23.29 14.11

Transportation and material moving .................. 23.48 2.4 53.40 2.4 23.51 17.86

Full time ................................................................. 8.81 0.3 18.07 0.3 9.04 5.20

Part time ................................................................ 50.47 2.9 67.60 2.9 37.88 29.76

Union ..................................................................... 11.40 1.3 19.33 1.3 13.08 8.20

Nonunion ............................................................... 10.39 0.2 34.33 0.2 10.33 5.89

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 28.33 0.7 55.55 0.7 28.00 18.06

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 44.19 1.4 117.70 1.4 40.82 26.54

Second 25 percent ............................................ 14.32 0.8 59.74 0.8 13.74 11.31

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10.00 0.7 21.83 0.7 10.30 8.87

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 11.04 0.5 25.69 0.5 11.28 7.71

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 17.69 0.7 27.57 0.7 18.45 11.41

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15.89 1.0 32.66 1.0 15.30 12.15

Service-providing industries .................................. 10.32 0.4 22.73 0.4 10.59 5.78

Education and health services ........................... 16.68 0.5 43.11 0.5 16.14 14.08

Educational services ...................................... 11.53 0.5 25.96 0.5 12.82 10.93

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 15.37 0.8 27.22 0.8 16.59 12.91

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 16.59 0.6 68.48 0.6 16.47 11.91

Health care and social assistance ................. 28.91 0.9 84.45 0.9 27.38 23.47

Hospitals .................................................... 21.02 1.4 40.16 1.4 23.47 17.24

Public administration ......................................... 20.85 0.7 79.70 0.7 21.32 11.59

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 49
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $15.58 0.5 $30.09 0.5 $15.31 $10.32

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 16.79 0.6 38.11 0.6 16.98 13.41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 24.00 0.8 37.79 0.8 24.17 20.85

100 workers or more .............................................. 9.55 0.5 21.58 0.5 9.48 5.77

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13.41 0.6 45.91 0.6 13.19 8.71

500 workers or more .......................................... 10.78 0.7 28.51 0.7 11.72 6.29

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17.72 1.0 32.82 1.0 19.83 12.01

New England ..................................................... 23.54 0.9 86.07 0.9 23.36 24.56

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 18.19 1.3 33.90 1.3 22.84 13.59

South ..................................................................... 12.80 0.3 56.88 0.3 12.03 8.27

South Atlantic .................................................... 16.18 0.4 76.09 0.4 16.58 6.63

East South Central ............................................ 30.91 1.3 128.12 1.3 21.65 12.28

West South Central ........................................... 25.22 0.5 100.28 0.5 23.10 22.60

Midwest ................................................................. 16.82 0.9 32.42 0.9 17.96 9.14

East North Central ............................................. 19.78 1.2 15.09 1.2 22.98 7.72

West North Central ............................................ 30.96 1.6 97.13 1.6 24.24 21.58

West ...................................................................... 23.99 0.7 31.63 0.7 24.29 13.36

Mountain ............................................................ 37.85 0.6 48.38 0.6 41.79 19.91

Pacific ................................................................ 30.82 1.0 39.35 1.0 30.47 17.25

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 50
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 71 17 10 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 69 19 10 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 72 19 7 2

Professional and related .................................... 68 19 11 2

Teachers ........................................................ 69 21 7 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 71 18 7 4

Registered nurses ......................................... 62 23 14 1

Service ................................................................... 78 15 6 2

Protective service .............................................. 74 16 3 6

Sales and office ..................................................... 66 23 10 1

Sales and related ............................................... 61 30 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 20 11 2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 75 10 13 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 78 7 12 3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 72 12 14 2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 11 12 1

Production ......................................................... 80 11 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 74 11 14 1

Full time ................................................................. 71 17 10 2

Part time ................................................................ 74 17 8 1

Union ..................................................................... 72 10 12 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 71 19 9 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 78 16 6 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 89 7 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 19 10 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 72 16 10 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 18 11 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 18 13 3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 11 10 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 19 10 2

Education and health services ........................... 69 20 9 2

Educational services ...................................... 68 23 6 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 71 18 6 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 60 34 5 1

Health care and social assistance ................. 70 18 11 1

Hospitals .................................................... 61 26 – –

Public administration ......................................... 64 22 5 9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 51
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 74 14 11 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 15 11 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 10 11 2

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 19 9 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 76 15 8 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 24 10 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 72 15 10 3

New England ..................................................... 74 11 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 71 17 8 4

South ..................................................................... 72 21 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 24 – –

East South Central ............................................ 74 19 – –

West South Central ........................................... 74 18 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 75 14 10 1

East North Central ............................................. 76 14 9 1

West North Central ............................................ 73 14 11 1

West ...................................................................... 67 15 15 3

Mountain ............................................................ 66 22 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 67 12 16 4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 52
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.1 1.8 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 1.8 0.9 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 1.9 1.2 0.7

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.5 2.4 2.9 0.3

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.5 1.2 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 1.5 0.7 1.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 3.0 2.7 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.1 1.3 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.1 1.6 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.1 1.6 2.7 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.2 1.5 1.6 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.1 1.2 0.3

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.5 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.6 1.5 2.3 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 1.5 1.2 0.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.8 1.5 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.3 1.2 0.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 1.9 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 1.6 2.5 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.5 1.4 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.4 0.7 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 2.4 1.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.2 2.4 2.4 0.3

Hospitals .................................................... 3.6 2.8 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 53
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 1.5 2.3 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 1.1 2.0 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.4 1.6 0.4

New England ..................................................... 3.2 2.4 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 1.7 1.3 0.6

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.3 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 2.0 – –

East South Central ............................................ 4.2 4.1 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 1.5 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 1.7 0.7 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 2.4 0.9 0.3

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 2.1 1.2 0.2

West ...................................................................... 2.2 1.6 2.3 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.9 3.3 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 1.7 3.0 0.6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 54
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, civilian workers,1 March

2019

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $42.39 $73.75 $119.23 $169.20 $236.63 $199.00 $305.90 $466.32 $736.34 $1099.74

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 37.65 70.69 112.76 169.67 235.05 192.56 297.43 461.00 713.93 1101.92

Management, business, and financial ............... 46.72 79.00 124.19 176.23 226.53 200.74 310.86 461.71 664.12 1005.65

Professional and related .................................... 33.68 65.85 106.70 165.38 241.00 189.12 294.88 461.00 744.71 1139.36

Teachers ........................................................ 32.48 66.31 107.59 183.17 300.91 177.00 306.56 511.90 784.64 1136.36

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 34.00 67.98 109.63 191.33 330.97 173.18 326.64 551.36 861.78 1224.64

Registered nurses ......................................... 31.94 61.95 86.16 142.42 205.98 183.12 267.51 400.00 775.08 1008.12

Service ................................................................... 33.58 75.00 119.09 173.50 245.69 215.50 355.88 529.16 861.82 1223.19

Protective service .............................................. 32.45 52.84 102.38 144.87 223.06 153.50 248.72 385.59 571.88 1122.98

Sales and office ..................................................... 45.01 73.43 123.99 165.88 221.22 209.57 319.30 472.27 716.85 1062.41

Sales and related ............................................... 53.93 84.50 125.70 170.14 228.35 209.00 308.86 478.00 666.84 1013.74

Office and administrative support ...................... 40.16 71.00 123.15 164.18 218.53 210.64 324.66 467.76 723.23 1088.55

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 47.00 75.26 122.05 173.95 240.32 203.50 295.26 444.79 721.49 1062.57

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 48.90 75.08 121.33 186.77 263.05 218.22 294.56 466.51 775.11 1101.85

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 45.76 76.17 122.05 163.59 221.22 200.74 307.74 420.49 687.14 1041.44

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 47.45 80.78 120.00 169.20 242.75 184.29 285.72 410.00 673.47 1052.56

Production ......................................................... 46.15 73.19 119.28 163.27 232.64 174.11 277.87 395.05 648.03 1022.96

Transportation and material moving .................. 48.53 91.35 122.07 173.64 249.77 198.86 309.82 425.22 744.74 1084.66

Full time ................................................................. 42.79 74.00 119.28 168.16 231.90 198.06 304.12 463.89 726.23 1088.55

Part time ................................................................ 33.12 65.85 119.23 198.07 296.07 242.32 351.53 546.29 794.00 1244.31

Union ..................................................................... 41.41 75.08 118.80 165.54 230.26 165.00 255.54 373.88 538.56 885.51

Nonunion ............................................................... 42.39 73.54 119.36 170.14 237.19 206.24 323.45 487.31 774.00 1120.79

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 42.86 80.17 123.42 176.72 236.63 239.64 368.87 553.09 866.01 1223.19

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 43.33 85.00 125.58 184.17 236.63 239.64 368.82 538.02 769.31 1094.10

Second 25 percent ............................................ 42.64 71.73 116.86 164.25 236.23 201.26 306.34 462.55 756.45 1152.19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 44.79 75.15 120.75 167.00 229.86 199.36 302.46 455.29 691.83 1056.21

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 39.52 71.13 114.77 170.82 239.73 184.39 282.21 437.67 664.42 1057.83

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 40.50 72.42 116.15 172.99 245.88 190.20 284.35 433.00 628.84 987.95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 48.93 74.09 117.55 167.62 230.15 185.00 271.01 395.05 640.94 969.27

Service-providing industries .................................. 39.26 73.70 119.23 169.32 237.23 201.32 323.17 483.69 760.00 1127.30

Education and health services ........................... 32.31 64.51 102.99 165.00 247.37 204.68 316.08 502.65 839.59 1244.31

Educational services ...................................... 32.25 65.00 106.67 178.00 273.04 181.50 308.05 507.15 773.88 1119.79

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 30.98 64.02 106.67 183.32 319.62 170.26 323.26 558.13 879.23 1225.65

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 32.48 65.03 105.00 157.70 223.00 191.73 263.67 440.48 601.98 805.28

Health care and social assistance ................. 32.31 63.18 99.10 158.01 237.49 211.00 320.32 486.99 907.68 1347.00

Hospitals .................................................... 32.11 64.62 92.51 141.21 199.26 175.39 263.10 368.76 538.03 921.17

Public administration ......................................... 20.37 50.00 90.91 135.94 203.37 125.00 222.15 360.00 517.36 809.52

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 55
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $48.93 $80.43 $125.00 $172.99 $242.08 $230.84 $341.29 $517.02 $868.59 $1234.99

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 48.93 78.00 125.83 178.81 242.95 239.89 342.08 517.83 849.93 1248.42

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 49.97 84.00 123.36 166.59 240.59 211.00 339.79 510.36 917.70 1190.30

100 workers or more .............................................. 38.37 69.38 112.90 166.96 230.26 182.99 282.93 432.02 660.47 997.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 40.18 73.70 117.41 168.99 236.63 191.73 297.27 471.50 742.33 1053.96

500 workers or more .......................................... 35.50 65.44 108.65 163.52 223.71 174.11 264.99 396.82 584.98 867.12

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 46.72 76.00 119.17 171.60 239.97 162.51 267.28 395.22 614.85 1005.65

New England ..................................................... 50.77 84.50 135.07 187.68 254.56 203.59 286.00 421.00 639.26 1018.13

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 45.00 72.18 110.04 162.22 235.30 153.50 263.29 383.74 589.33 1005.65

South ..................................................................... 35.26 67.64 119.23 170.00 234.07 207.45 336.58 505.00 809.52 1122.74

South Atlantic .................................................... 36.17 68.41 119.23 170.00 239.69 201.26 331.00 497.83 810.09 1115.29

East South Central ............................................ 33.68 67.17 119.23 171.00 219.40 202.19 337.31 462.78 705.00 1065.96

West South Central ........................................... 36.17 66.40 118.79 169.65 236.57 221.00 342.68 513.66 864.51 1194.54

Midwest ................................................................. 47.00 80.49 122.80 170.15 245.69 187.34 285.72 440.16 690.42 1111.59

East North Central ............................................. 49.92 82.32 123.80 170.67 246.56 186.00 282.82 428.03 664.20 1052.56

West North Central ............................................ 44.94 73.19 117.92 167.75 240.32 191.62 297.27 476.03 852.29 1258.58

West ...................................................................... 42.39 72.22 114.36 167.84 225.55 214.36 316.30 476.59 744.80 1101.14

Mountain ............................................................ 37.00 69.57 119.49 182.08 230.26 210.34 302.79 466.32 708.11 1088.55

Pacific ................................................................ 42.39 75.16 113.02 161.92 222.00 216.00 325.19 483.91 748.13 1101.14

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 56
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $2.01 $1.57 $1.49 $1.79 $3.38 $2.32 $5.27 $7.39 $17.69 $16.84

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.22 2.60 3.39 3.25 6.44 5.96 7.13 11.53 25.14 31.55

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.47 3.23 2.17 5.56 4.04 7.54 19.11 17.56 21.64 29.58

Professional and related .................................... 1.82 3.43 2.70 5.59 10.72 7.35 10.04 14.58 38.70 43.49

Teachers ........................................................ 3.25 5.14 3.42 6.67 21.53 16.27 20.23 14.80 45.78 57.70

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.38 6.17 5.62 9.14 13.06 19.74 13.70 22.20 68.13 72.45

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.18 7.62 5.43 11.90 45.36 20.76 37.28 32.65 98.80 116.44

Service ................................................................... 5.14 7.21 4.25 6.14 9.01 12.84 14.95 21.47 22.52 50.57

Protective service .............................................. 4.93 14.47 8.79 9.31 31.45 24.55 20.35 31.04 57.54 266.84

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.76 3.57 1.58 2.34 6.43 8.21 7.84 8.43 27.82 29.58

Sales and related ............................................... 2.53 6.15 2.78 5.38 17.69 13.02 8.58 12.93 22.14 39.48

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.68 3.27 2.30 2.79 7.05 9.89 10.10 12.63 36.98 33.08

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.56 3.88 4.90 4.69 12.45 10.67 13.44 29.22 50.75 66.12

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.22 9.99 8.98 13.47 32.48 27.66 5.87 38.24 81.19 108.70

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.59 4.64 4.22 8.17 11.02 3.62 18.85 20.80 35.10 61.40

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.89 3.78 2.26 4.45 9.57 11.03 11.39 12.26 21.35 29.51

Production ......................................................... 4.58 3.48 3.47 4.51 15.16 6.47 15.97 11.25 30.25 57.26

Transportation and material moving .................. 5.84 3.43 3.53 9.91 14.44 7.10 18.94 18.68 50.38 56.34

Full time ................................................................. 1.36 1.45 1.96 1.63 3.97 3.11 4.99 7.56 18.65 15.45

Part time ................................................................ 4.41 19.04 4.97 9.10 15.55 46.00 40.29 60.43 159.39 166.49

Union ..................................................................... 2.86 2.42 2.47 4.25 7.75 12.71 10.38 4.59 18.27 54.32

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.17 2.33 2.08 1.81 4.12 2.96 5.88 6.81 15.78 26.17

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6.53 4.49 1.71 4.62 9.43 12.58 8.11 29.53 19.81 43.85

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 12.83 14.23 4.33 14.71 13.21 41.77 25.91 23.78 80.92 42.40

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.12 3.30 2.71 2.88 7.84 7.08 12.77 21.92 34.95 52.87

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.22 1.99 2.89 2.35 5.45 3.14 5.18 12.17 23.58 36.27

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.25 2.13 3.00 2.14 5.04 4.56 7.99 9.29 17.68 41.07

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.96 3.45 4.62 4.75 10.07 5.89 9.84 17.41 32.56 33.27

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.63 2.29 3.66 6.41 7.45 8.24 12.77 8.41 15.21 29.55

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.34 2.15 1.79 1.75 3.47 3.63 6.07 6.74 17.05 28.32

Education and health services ........................... 1.23 5.24 2.98 4.99 15.32 7.19 16.03 16.95 46.88 85.19

Educational services ...................................... 1.93 3.30 2.26 6.62 12.82 12.47 15.20 7.56 34.04 43.62

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.11 4.58 2.87 5.76 25.19 19.62 10.91 16.49 29.45 55.75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.53 6.41 5.15 4.61 10.62 10.63 23.40 28.82 21.23 17.28

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.40 8.04 4.16 8.44 16.07 16.76 21.13 40.47 101.12 111.46

Hospitals .................................................... 3.22 5.26 5.97 7.45 15.49 20.52 25.54 9.91 44.02 93.33

Public administration ......................................... 5.72 0.16 5.83 1.91 14.47 31.94 17.96 6.10 22.80 43.47

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 57
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $2.16 $3.31 $1.99 $4.15 $5.47 $9.55 $7.94 $14.60 $28.08 $34.60

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.20 4.20 3.12 5.45 5.43 9.44 11.59 19.65 35.69 35.89

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8.52 4.09 3.49 3.20 17.39 19.82 13.75 22.52 44.56 84.23

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.24 2.22 3.01 2.75 6.32 3.98 4.67 9.36 12.84 19.49

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.84 4.23 4.65 2.85 5.60 8.92 10.16 13.56 22.60 31.77

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.48 2.23 2.18 4.61 4.75 12.64 6.25 9.26 14.12 20.94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.40 4.09 4.82 5.83 7.61 14.90 12.14 13.18 35.04 22.42

New England ..................................................... 8.23 10.01 7.73 7.60 19.36 10.81 43.11 25.34 25.80 121.08

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.18 4.66 3.90 8.75 9.32 16.49 7.28 13.95 42.62 12.03

South ..................................................................... 3.03 2.56 1.20 2.54 4.62 7.87 9.50 8.01 26.07 34.60

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.94 3.53 1.85 5.22 5.40 8.51 10.80 17.12 30.77 17.02

East South Central ............................................ 4.50 10.63 4.05 9.04 1.42 14.37 10.06 12.84 9.98 57.20

West South Central ........................................... 4.18 4.39 3.78 3.99 8.89 12.41 19.43 28.28 44.32 113.25

Midwest ................................................................. 5.11 3.29 1.65 4.13 6.66 6.80 10.60 7.28 16.15 54.25

East North Central ............................................. 6.50 1.90 1.84 5.47 8.72 5.76 4.89 8.11 8.79 59.27

West North Central ............................................ 3.15 4.49 4.57 4.99 8.31 14.67 26.79 16.17 55.71 75.98

West ...................................................................... 5.01 5.24 4.79 2.15 3.71 7.37 17.12 12.94 33.80 84.84

Mountain ............................................................ 5.05 4.03 15.04 10.04 15.67 9.89 11.91 27.49 22.75 40.85

Pacific ................................................................ 3.92 8.94 4.17 5.58 4.16 10.74 17.15 14.61 38.04 114.17

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 58
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 60 58 98 40 39 98 34 33 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 79 78 99 49 49 98 55 53 96

Management, business, and financial ............... 83 82 99 61 60 98 61 58 95

Professional and related .................................... 77 76 98 44 44 98 52 50 96

Teachers ........................................................ 77 75 98 24 23 96 41 40 96

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 83 82 98 22 21 96 40 38 96

Registered nurses ......................................... 83 82 99 48 46 97 58 56 97

Service ................................................................... 36 34 96 24 24 98 14 14 97

Protective service .............................................. 63 61 98 27 27 98 22 22 99

Sales and office ..................................................... 57 56 98 40 39 97 32 32 97

Sales and related ............................................... 40 39 98 34 32 95 20 19 95

Office and administrative support ...................... 66 65 99 44 43 97 40 39 98

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 55 54 98 35 34 98 26 25 97

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 47 46 99 30 29 99 19 18 98

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 63 61 98 41 39 97 33 32 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 64 63 98 47 46 97 30 29 96

Production ......................................................... 69 68 99 52 51 99 34 33 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 60 58 97 43 41 95 26 25 96

Full time ................................................................. 73 72 98 47 46 98 44 42 97

Part time ................................................................ 15 14 91 17 16 94 5 4 91

Union ..................................................................... 85 83 97 48 46 97 38 36 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 55 54 98 39 38 98 34 33 96

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 28 26 95 20 19 95 8 8 95

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 16 15 93 11 11 98 4 3 96

Second 25 percent ............................................ 60 58 98 41 40 97 31 30 97

Third 25 percent ................................................ 76 75 99 50 49 98 47 45 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 83 83 99 54 54 99 58 56 96

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 86 85 99 60 59 99 63 61 96

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 70 69 99 53 52 99 38 36 96

Service-providing industries .................................. 58 57 98 38 37 97 34 33 96

Education and health services ........................... 69 68 98 34 33 97 42 40 97

Educational services ...................................... 78 76 98 27 26 96 42 41 97

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 78 76 98 23 22 96 36 35 96

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 84 97 37 35 96 60 58 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 62 98 38 37 97 41 40 97

Hospitals .................................................... 90 88 99 51 50 97 65 63 98

Public administration ......................................... 84 82 98 30 29 98 35 34 98

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 59
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 42 42 98 31 31 99 25 25 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 37 37 99 30 29 99 23 22 98

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 57 56 98 36 35 98 32 31 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 77 75 98 49 48 97 44 42 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 69 98 45 44 97 36 35 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 84 82 98 54 52 97 52 49 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 58 57 98 62 62 99 31 30 97

New England ..................................................... 63 61 97 40 39 98 38 37 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 56 55 99 70 70 99 28 27 96

South ..................................................................... 59 58 98 32 31 97 32 31 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 60 59 98 35 33 96 35 34 96

East South Central ............................................ 58 56 98 29 28 97 31 30 95

West South Central ........................................... 59 58 98 30 29 97 28 27 97

Midwest ................................................................. 62 60 97 41 40 96 39 38 96

East North Central ............................................. 62 61 98 43 42 97 39 37 96

West North Central ............................................ 61 59 97 37 35 95 40 38 95

West ...................................................................... 60 59 99 32 32 99 36 35 98

Mountain ............................................................ 64 63 99 37 36 98 39 38 97

Pacific ................................................................ 58 57 99 30 30 99 34 33 98

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 60
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.5 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.4 1.6 1.3 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.9 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.4 2.0 1.9 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 2.2 0.5 1.7 1.6 0.8 2.4 2.3 0.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 2.1 0.3 4.5 4.2 1.0 3.0 2.8 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 2.7 0.6 2.0 2.0 0.8 2.6 2.6 0.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.3 0.1 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.8 0.3 1.9 1.8 0.5 1.6 1.5 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.5 0.4 2.5 2.5 0.5 2.1 2.1 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.2 2.1 0.4 2.2 2.2 0.7 2.1 2.0 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 1.8 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.6

Production ......................................................... 2.7 2.7 0.3 2.5 2.5 0.3 1.6 1.6 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 1.9 0.5 2.7 2.6 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.5 0.5 4.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.3 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.2 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.3 3.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.4 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.9 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9 0.1 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 2.0 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.7 0.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.7 1.5 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.5 0.4 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.4 1.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.6 0.8 2.0 2.0 1.4 2.2 2.3 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.4 3.8 3.6 0.6 2.7 2.7 0.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.5 1.6 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 61
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.2 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.7 1.7 0.5 1.9 1.9 0.4 1.8 1.7 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.5 1.4 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.4 1.4 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.5 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.1 1.4 1.4 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.8 2.8 0.7 2.6 2.7 0.5 1.9 1.8 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.7 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.1 1.7 1.6 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 4.2 0.9 4.4 4.4 0.7 2.9 3.3 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 2.3 0.4 3.1 3.1 0.4 1.4 1.2 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.9 0.7 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 2.5 0.6 1.8 1.7 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.6 2.9 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.9 2.2 2.4 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.7 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.2 1.8 1.8 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 1.8 0.1 1.8 1.7 0.5 2.1 2.0 0.8

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 2.4 0.4 2.4 2.4 0.1 2.5 2.5 0.4

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 62
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 5 95

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5 95

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97

Professional and related .................................... 5 95

Teachers ........................................................ 10 90

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 91

Registered nurses ......................................... 3 97

Service ................................................................... 5 95

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 95

Sales and related ............................................... 7 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 4 96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 95

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 95

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95

Production ......................................................... 4 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 6 94

Full time ................................................................. 5 95

Part time ................................................................ 4 96

Union ..................................................................... 6 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 95

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6 94

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8 92

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5 95

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5 95

Education and health services ........................... 5 95

Educational services ...................................... 10 90

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 2 98

Hospitals .................................................... 3 97

Public administration ......................................... 7 93

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 63
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 95

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 94

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4 96

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 96

500 workers or more .......................................... 6 94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 94

New England ..................................................... 11 89

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4 96

South ..................................................................... 6 94

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 6 94

West South Central ........................................... 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95

East North Central ............................................. 5 95

West North Central ............................................ 5 95

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 64
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 0.8 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.9 0.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.8 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 1.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.8 0.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9

Production ......................................................... 1.0 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.5 0.5

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 1.2

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 65
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.6 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.7

New England ..................................................... 1.5 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.7 0.7

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 0.9 0.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 66
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1 March

2019

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 56 2 38 3 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 62 2 32 2 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 69 2 27 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 58 2 35 3 2

Teachers ........................................................ 34 2 56 4 4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 28 2 63 3 5

Registered nurses ......................................... 73 – 19 – –

Service ................................................................... 46 3 48 3 1

Protective service .............................................. 41 2 50 6 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 3 33 3 1

Sales and related ............................................... 63 4 31 1 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 60 2 34 3 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 1 57 3 1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 19 – 76 4 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 52 2 43 2 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 49 1 44 5 1

Production ......................................................... 46 – 47 5 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 52 1 40 5 1

Full time ................................................................. 56 2 38 3 1

Part time ................................................................ 45 – 44 6 –

Union ..................................................................... 38 3 51 8 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 60 2 35 2 1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 46 1 50 3 3 ( )

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 30 – 66 3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 53 2 41 2 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 55 2 38 4 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 62 2 32 3 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 2 28 2 2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 57 2 37 3 1

Education and health services ........................... 53 2 40 4 2

Educational services ...................................... 37 3 53 3 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 29 2 62 3 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 54 4 35 4 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 – 30 4 –

Hospitals .................................................... 78 – 17 3 –

Public administration ......................................... 35 2 53 7 3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 67
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 49 1 47 1 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 51 1 46 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 45 2 50 2 1

100 workers or more .............................................. 59 2 33 4 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 55 3 38 3 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 2 29 4 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 62 3 29 6 1

New England ..................................................... 59 – 33 5 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 63 3 27 6 1

South ..................................................................... 57 2 36 2 2

South Atlantic .................................................... 60 – 32 – 3

East South Central ............................................ 58 – 34 5 –

West South Central ........................................... 52 1 45 1 1

Midwest ................................................................. 54 1 41 3 1

East North Central ............................................. 53 1 42 3 3 ( )

West North Central ............................................ 56 1 39 2 1

West ...................................................................... 50 1 46 2 1

Mountain ............................................................ 52 – 44 2 –

Pacific ................................................................ 49 1 47 2 1

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 68
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 0.4 1.5 0.5 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 0.3 1.3 0.7 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 0.4 1.4 0.8 2.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.7 – 2.3 – –

Service ................................................................... 2.8 1.1 2.8 0.4 0.1

Protective service .............................................. 4.5 0.5 4.5 0.8 0.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.5 1.4 0.4 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.6 2.1 0.4 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.4 1.6 0.5 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 0.3 1.7 0.5 0.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.0 – 2.4 0.8 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 0.4 2.4 0.7 0.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 0.5 2.2 0.6 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.3 – 2.7 0.9 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.1 0.4 2.7 0.8 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.4 – 3.3 0.9 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.7 0.2 2.6 0.6 0.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.0 – 4.9 0.8 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 0.6 1.9 0.4 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 0.6 1.4 0.7 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 0.4 1.4 0.7 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 0.9 1.9 0.9 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 – 2.4 1.2 –

Hospitals .................................................... 2.4 – 2.1 0.9 –

Public administration ......................................... 2.4 0.4 2.6 0.6 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 69
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 0.3 1.9 0.3 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 0.8 2.9 0.6 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.5 1.8 0.7 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.8 1.0 1.8 0.7 0.2

New England ..................................................... 4.5 – 2.6 2.0 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.3 1.3 2.4 0.6 0.3

South ..................................................................... 2.0 0.3 1.9 0.5 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 – 2.7 – 0.7

East South Central ............................................ 4.3 – 6.1 1.0 –

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 0.2 2.7 0.5 0.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 0.4 1.3 0.5 0.1

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 0.5 3.2 0.7 0.3

West ...................................................................... 2.4 0.4 2.6 0.3 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.6 – 3.8 0.7 –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.1 0.5 3.4 0.3 0.3

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 70
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, civilian workers,1 March

2019

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 1 64 11 21 4 1.3 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 60 11 24 5 1.4 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 56 10 27 6 1.4 1.0

Professional and related .................................... – 62 11 22 – 1.4 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 48 22 20 – 1.5 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 48 26 20 6 1.5 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... – 82 9 6 – 1.1 1.0

Service ................................................................... – 73 – 11 2 1.2 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 66 9 17 8 1.4 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 66 9 19 4 1.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1 76 7 15 2 1.2 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 63 10 21 6 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 63 12 21 – 1.4 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 63 – 15 3 1.3 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 63 9 22 – 1.4 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 65 11 22 – 1.3 1.0

Production ......................................................... – 55 10 32 – 1.4 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 74 12 13 – 1.2 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 63 11 21 4 1.3 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 76 8 15 – 1.2 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 3 ( ) 65 14 17 4 1.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 63 10 22 4 1.3 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 79 8 12 – 1.2 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 82 6 10 – 1.2 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 66 13 16 4 1.3 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 63 10 22 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 58 11 26 4 1.4 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 55 10 30 5 1.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 66 10 19 4 1.3 1.0

Education and health services ........................... – 66 15 15 – 1.3 1.0

Educational services ...................................... – 48 20 23 – 1.5 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 46 24 23 6 1.5 1.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 50 15 22 – 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 73 12 11 – 1.2 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 79 11 7 – 1.1 1.0

Public administration ......................................... – 56 17 22 5 1.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 71
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 62 14 17 5 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1 62 15 17 5 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 64 13 17 – 1.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 64 9 23 4 1.3 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 65 9 22 – 1.3 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 63 10 23 3 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 61 13 18 5 1.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... – 55 – 30 2 1.4 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2 63 14 15 6 1.4 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1 64 9 23 4 1.3 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 66 10 20 3 1.3 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 70 5 20 5 1.3 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – 58 8 30 – 1.4 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 66 10 19 – 1.3 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 67 9 19 – 1.3 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 65 – 17 6 1.3 1.0

West ...................................................................... 3 ( ) 62 12 22 3 1.3 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 63 – 21 3 1.3 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 62 12 23 – 1.3 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 72
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 1.7 1.0 1.3 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.2 3 ( ) 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 2.2 1.3 1.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 2.6 2.5 1.9 – 0.1 0.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.4 3.4 2.9 1.5 0.1 0.3

Registered nurses ......................................... – 2.8 1.6 1.7 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 4.0 – 1.6 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 5.9 2.7 4.7 2.7 0.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.2 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.0 3 ( ) 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.3 2.3 1.9 1.4 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.2 3 ( ) 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 2.8 1.9 2.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 7.4 – 2.7 1.0 0.1 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 3.1 1.6 2.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 1.7 1.6 2.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Production ......................................................... – 2.7 2.1 3.3 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.2 2.5 2.7 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.6 1.6 2.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 2.4 1.3 2.2 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 2.0 1.5 1.8 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 4.2 2.2 2.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 2.2 2.5 1.3 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.7 0.8 1.2 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 1.4 0.9 1.3 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.1 2.9 1.3 2.3 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 2.8 2.5 1.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 1.8 2.0 1.4 – 3 ( ) 0.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.7 3.3 2.8 1.5 3 ( ) 0.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 2.8 2.3 2.3 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.0 3.4 2.7 – 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 2.5 2.0 1.3 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 4.1 3.9 3.7 1.8 3 ( ) 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 73
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 2.5 2.0 1.8 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 3.3 2.9 2.2 1.1 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.2 2.3 2.4 – 3 ( ) 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 2.1 0.9 1.8 – 3 ( ) 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.6 2.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 6.1 – 5.4 0.4 0.1 0.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 2.8 1.4 1.3 2.1 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.2 1.8 1.3 2.2 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.3 2.2 1.9 2.8 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 2.5 2.2 5.1 1.3 3 ( ) 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 4.5 2.2 4.9 – 0.1 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 1.5 1.8 1.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 1.4 1.7 1.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 3.3 – 2.8 1.6 3 ( ) 0.0

West ...................................................................... 0.2 2.8 2.5 2.1 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 4.9 – 2.5 1.1 3 ( ) 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.4 2.0 3.0 – 3 ( ) 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 3 Less than 0.05. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 74
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 78 $50,000 – $250,000 $650,000 $1,500,000 22

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 77 50,000 $100,000 300,000 900,000 2,000,000 23

Management, business, and financial ............... 81 50,000 100,000 250,000 750,000 2,000,000 19

Professional and related .................................... 75 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 – 25

Teachers ........................................................ 59 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 41

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 50 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 50

Registered nurses ......................................... 84 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 16

Service ................................................................... 80 50,000 50,000 – – – 20

Protective service .............................................. 69 50,000 50,000 150,000 – – 31

Sales and office ..................................................... 81 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 19

Sales and related ............................................... 86 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 20

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 78 50,000 100,000 250,000 – 1,000,000 22

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 81 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 19

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 72 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 28

Production ......................................................... 75 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 25

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 50,000 50,000 100,000 400,000 600,000 31

Full time ................................................................. 78 50,000 50,000 250,000 600,000 – 22

Part time ................................................................ 65 50,000 100,000 – – – 35

Union ..................................................................... 69 50,000 70,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 31

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 50,000 50,000 250,000 750,000 – 21

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 78 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 22

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 83 50,000 50,000 – – 1,000,000 17

Second 25 percent ............................................ 80 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 20

Third 25 percent ................................................ 77 50,000 70,000 200,000 500,000 – 23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 76 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 24

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 78 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 2,000,000 22

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 78 50,000 50,000 250,000 650,000 – 22

Education and health services ........................... 75 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 – 25

Educational services ...................................... 63 50,000 50,000 170,000 300,000 500,000 37

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 52 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 48

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 75 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 25

Health care and social assistance ................. 81 50,000 100,000 – – 1,500,000 19

Hospitals .................................................... 86 50,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 14

Public administration ......................................... 60 40,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 40

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 75
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 78 $50,000 – $200,000 $600,000 $2,000,000 22

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 82 50,000 – 250,000 – 2,000,000 18

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 50,000 – 150,000 500,000 – 30

100 workers or more .............................................. 78 50,000 – 250,000 750,000 – 22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 50,000 $50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 76 50,000 100,000 400,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 24

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 73 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 27

New England ..................................................... 65 50,000 – – – 1,000,000 35

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 75 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 25

South ..................................................................... 79 50,000 50,000 250,000 – – 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 79 50,000 50,000 250,000 – – 21

East South Central ............................................ 81 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 19

West South Central ........................................... 78 50,000 50,000 – – – 22

Midwest ................................................................. 77 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 – 23

East North Central ............................................. 78 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 – 22

West North Central ............................................ 74 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 26

West ...................................................................... 81 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 19

Mountain ............................................................ 79 50,000 – – 1,000,000 – 21

Pacific ................................................................ 82 50,000 – – – 2,000,000 18

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 76
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 $0.00 – $12,903.49 $133,006.11 $344,911.95 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.00 $0.00 37,619.81 229,014.19 376,198.09 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.00 12,207.27 72,564.20 179,028.63 182,482.88 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 0.00 0.00 – 251,535.29 – 1.7

Teachers ........................................................ 3.5 0.00 0.00 32,438.87 21,878.93 0.00 3.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.7 0.00 9,827.00 – 42,060.22 0.00 4.7

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.1 0.00 19,355.23 39,508.70 188,099.04 158,034.81 3.1

Service ................................................................... 2.8 0.00 0.00 – – – 2.8

Protective service .............................................. 4.6 0.00 0.00 27,189.34 – – 4.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 19,654.01 93,623.67 – 1.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 – 53,202.44 182,482.88 1.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 0.00 13,159.03 50,116.39 142,231.33 – 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 0.00 – 4,562.07 31,606.96 – 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5.4 1,824.83 24,140.22 72,993.15 – 0.00 5.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.7 0.00 0.00 12,903.49 25,806.98 – 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.4 0.00 – – 0.00 65,795.14 2.4

Production ......................................................... 3.3 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 3.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.5 0.00 7,299.32 0.00 74,823.54 101,602.17 3.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.00 14,281.54 12,903.49 147,334.44 – 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 3.6 0.00 6,451.74 – – – 3.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.6 0.00 2,580.70 0.00 112,859.43 0.00 2.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.00 12,376.59 39,392.64 107,958.33 – 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.2 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 3.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.4 3,649.66 0.00 – – 0.00 4.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 0.00 0.00 24,567.51 90,324.42 – 2.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.00 17,972.48 44,287.36 27,372.43 – 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.00 0.00 57,148.03 137,469.09 91,241.44 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 0.00 8,986.24 – 0.00 0.00 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.00 11,100.00 18,429.87 152,812.38 – 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.2 0.00 27,569.41 31,606.96 113,227.65 – 2.2

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 0.00 0.00 38,645.89 0.00 0.00 2.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.1 0.00 0.00 – 42,796.03 36,496.58 4.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00 2.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 0.00 9,124.14 – – 437,578.56 2.9

Hospitals .................................................... 2.3 0.00 18,248.29 0.00 198,856.10 0.00 2.3

Public administration ......................................... 4.4 8,939.80 14,193.84 30,310.84 64,355.94 0.00 4.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 77
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 $0.00 – $43,154.40 $170,697.10 $204,022.06 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 0.00 – 64,588.37 – 0.00 2.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.0 0.00 – 31,606.96 45,620.72 – 4.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.00 – 34,139.42 119,922.63 – 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.00 $0.00 0.00 0.00 266,324.99 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.00 19,160.70 62,218.37 0.00 230,644.21 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 0.00 – 54,363.36 125,684.87 0.00 2.3

New England ..................................................... 7.0 0.00 – – – 0.00 7.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 0.00 – 24,140.22 122,413.23 0.00 1.7

South ..................................................................... 2.1 0.00 3,649.66 43,509.83 – – 2.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.9 0.00 7,795.67 39,540.30 – – 2.9

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 2.7

West South Central ........................................... 4.4 0.00 3,649.66 – – – 4.4

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 0.00 – 65,934.17 0.00 – 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 0.00 – 62,218.37 18,248.29 – 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 145,986.30 3.1

West ...................................................................... 1.9 0.00 12,903.49 75,444.04 0.00 0.00 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 0.00 – – 0.00 – 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.7 0.00 – – – 0.00 2.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 78
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 civilian workers,2

March 2019

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. – $10,000 $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Management, business, and financial ............... $10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Teachers ........................................................ 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Registered nurses ......................................... – – – 50,000 52,000

Service ................................................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 20,000 40,000 50,000

Sales and related ............................................... – – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 20,000 50,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10,000 15,000 20,000 26,000 50,000

Production ......................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Transportation and material moving .................. 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 10,000 13,750 20,000 40,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ 5,000 5,000 – 25,000 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 41,116 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 40,000 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 15,000 – 40,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10,000 – 20,000 40,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 6,000 10,000 20,000 45,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... 6,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. – 10,000 – 50,000 50,000

Hospitals .................................................... 5,000 10,000 – 50,000 52,000

Public administration ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 79
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 civilian workers,2

March 2019—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $10,000 – $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – $10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 40,000 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 6,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10,000 12,500 20,000 – 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

New England ..................................................... 5,000 10,000 – 50,000 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

South ..................................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 20,000 25,000 50,000

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 14,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... 6,000 – 20,000 50,000 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 – 20,000 50,000 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 80
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. – $1,241.02 $0.00 $978.22 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Management, business, and financial ............... $1,032.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 1,083.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Teachers ........................................................ 0.00 2,782.49 0.00 0.00 0.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 1,457.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

Registered nurses ......................................... – – – 1,711.84 364.97

Service ................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 0.00 1,290.35 – 0.00

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 0.00 11,323.49 0.00

Sales and related ............................................... – – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 0.00 3,263.97 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.00 – 0.00 5,709.70 0.00

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.00 2,556.39 0.00 3,871.05 0.00

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.00 364.97 0.00 3,849.48 0.00

Production ......................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,249.02 0.00

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.00 – 0.00 6,498.03 1,389.75

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 3,045.33 0.00 4,518.83 0.00

Part time ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 – 3,649.66 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 912.41 4,180.16 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 11,432.52 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 11,213.42

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 0.00 364.97 4,279.60 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 – 0.00 6,236.54 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 – 3,228.45 7,908.54 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1,064.05 456.21 0.00 0.00 682.79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1,079.58 456.21 3,533.77 0.00 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1,003.66 0.00 0.00 8,768.56 0.00

Education and health services ........................... 182.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 1,564.46 0.00 0.00 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – 0.00 4,119.24 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. – 0.00 – 1,621.18 0.00

Hospitals .................................................... 0.00 1,290.35 – 2,308.25 0.00

Public administration ......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,364.89 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 81
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $0.00 – $0.00 $9,244.68 $0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – $1,003.66 0.00 13,542.95 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 0.00 6,451.74 9,711.11 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 328.98 0.00 0.00 1,921.73 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.00 3,364.82 0.00 – 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 9,073.24 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 4,536.45 0.00 0.00

New England ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 12,017.17 0.00

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1,377.72 0.00 3,228.45 0.00 0.00

South ..................................................................... 912.41 1,750.31 0.00 2,495.42 0.00

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 0.00 0.00 0.00

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 4,148.23 3,649.66 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 8,262.26 0.00

Midwest ................................................................. 0.00 182.48 1,824.83 5,802.27 0.00

East North Central ............................................. 0.00 0.00 2,234.95 6,774.02 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 0.00 3,924.44 4,375.79 9,259.99 0.00

West ...................................................................... 1,312.74 – 4,080.44 0.00 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 – 4,741.04 0.00 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ 0.00 – 3,026.14 3,625.06 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 82
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 15 85

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 12 88

Management, business, and financial ............... 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Teachers ........................................................ 14 86

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 12 88

Registered nurses ......................................... 19 81

Service ................................................................... 28 72

Protective service .............................................. 23 77

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 84

Sales and related ............................................... 18 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 11 89

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 12 88

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 89

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 87

Production ......................................................... 11 89

Transportation and material moving .................. 15 85

Full time ................................................................. 12 88

Part time ................................................................ 40 60

Union ..................................................................... 13 87

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 84

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 26 74

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 40 60

Second 25 percent ............................................ 17 83

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 88

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12 88

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 11 89

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 90

Service-providing industries .................................. 16 84

Education and health services ........................... 18 82

Educational services ...................................... 14 86

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 14 86

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 9 91

Health care and social assistance ................. 20 80

Hospitals .................................................... 19 81

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 83
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 19 81

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 18 82

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 23 77

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 87

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 88

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 37 63

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 43 57

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 4 96

West South Central ........................................... 4 96

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95

East North Central ............................................. 5 95

West North Central ............................................ 7 93

West ...................................................................... 9 91

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 11 89

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 84
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 2.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 2.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.3 3.3

Service ................................................................... 2.6 2.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 1.9

Production ......................................................... 1.8 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.5 3.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.6 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 2.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 6.3 6.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 1.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.4 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 3.0

Hospitals .................................................... 2.6 2.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 85
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 2.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.5

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 2.9

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 1.2 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 86
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1

March 2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 5 2 74 19 2 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 1 72 25 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 – 62 35 –

Professional and related .................................... 1 1 78 19 1

Teachers ........................................................ – – 84 11 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 83 10 6

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 89 8 –

Service ................................................................... 3 – 91 6 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 94 5 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 1 72 24 1

Sales and related ............................................... 4 – 72 22 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 1 72 25 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 – 66 14 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 29 – 60 6 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 4 71 20 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 – 69 11 –

Production ......................................................... 15 – 65 12 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 9 – 74 9 –

Full time ................................................................. 5 2 72 20 2 ( )

Part time ................................................................ – 2 87 9 –

Union ..................................................................... 14 11 64 11 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 1 76 21 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 – 83 11 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 4 81 11 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 1 78 14 2 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 4 73 18 2 ( )

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 2 67 28 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 1 67 31 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15 – 64 17 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 2 2 76 20 2 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 1 – 90 8 –

Educational services ...................................... – – 83 14 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 85 9 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 77 22 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 93 5 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 89 10 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 94 6 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 87
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1

March 2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 1 79 15 2 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 1 78 16 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 – 82 11 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 3 70 22 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 – 74 19 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 4 4 67 24 2 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 – 85 12 –

New England ..................................................... 3 – 73 21 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2 – 88 10 –

South ..................................................................... 4 3 68 25 2 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 3 2 70 24 1

East South Central ............................................ – 5 66 22 –

West South Central ........................................... 3 2 67 28 –

Midwest ................................................................. 10 – 66 21 –

East North Central ............................................. 10 4 65 22 –

West North Central ............................................ 12 – 69 17 –

West ...................................................................... 3 2 74 19 1

Mountain ............................................................ 4 – 71 21 –

Pacific ................................................................ 2 2 76 18 2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 88
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.2 1.4 1.3 0.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 – 2.1 2.0 –

Professional and related .................................... 0.3 0.2 1.5 1.4 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ – – 2.2 2.0 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 3.2 2.7 1.4

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 2.5 1.7 –

Service ................................................................... 0.6 – 1.7 1.7 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.5 1.4 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.4 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 – 2.0 1.9 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.2 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 – 1.8 1.5 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 – 3.1 1.3 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.5 1.1 2.4 2.5 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 – 1.9 1.6 –

Production ......................................................... 1.6 – 2.5 1.7 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 – 2.5 2.5 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – 0.4 1.6 1.6 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.6 1.8 0.7 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.9 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 – 2.0 1.7 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 1.2 3.5 3.3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.3 1.8 1.4 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.2 1.3 1.4 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.1 2.3 2.2 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 – 2.0 1.7 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 – 1.2 1.1 –

Educational services ...................................... – – 1.8 1.9 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 2.9 2.7 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 1.8 2.1 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 1.5 1.2 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 2.4 2.1 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 1.6 1.6 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 89
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.3 1.2 1.0 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.4 1.7 1.4 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 – 1.8 1.3 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 – 1.4 1.3 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.7 1.7 1.6 0.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.3 – 1.0 1.1 –

New England ..................................................... 1.0 – 2.3 2.9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.3 – 1.0 1.0 –

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.5 2.1 2.0 0.2

East South Central ............................................ – 2.4 4.7 3.4 –

West South Central ........................................... 0.7 0.6 2.6 2.1 –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 – 1.9 2.2 –

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.1 2.5 3.0 –

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 – 2.0 1.4 –

West ...................................................................... 0.7 0.5 1.9 1.4 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 0.5 – 4.4 3.2 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 0.4 1.8 1.2 0.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 90
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 93 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 94 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 96 4

Professional and related .................................... 93 7

Teachers ........................................................ 93 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 90 10

Registered nurses ......................................... 94 6

Service ................................................................... 95 5

Protective service .............................................. 96 4

Sales and office ..................................................... 93 7

Sales and related ............................................... 92 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 94 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 93 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 93 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 93 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 92 8

Production ......................................................... 90 10

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 6

Full time ................................................................. 93 7

Part time ................................................................ 94 6

Union ..................................................................... 89 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 94 6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 94 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 95 5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 94 6

Education and health services ........................... 95 5

Educational services ...................................... 90 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 86 14

Health care and social assistance ................. 97 3

Hospitals .................................................... 93 7

Public administration ......................................... 88 12

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 91
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 96 4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 91 9

100 workers or more .............................................. 93 7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 96 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 5

New England ..................................................... 96 4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 95 5

South ..................................................................... 93 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 94 6

West South Central ........................................... 94 6

Midwest ................................................................. 91 9

East North Central ............................................. 90 10

West North Central ............................................ 93 7

West ...................................................................... 95 5

Mountain ............................................................ 95 5

Pacific ................................................................ 95 5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash

indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 92
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.0 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.8 1.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.4 2.4

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 0.6 0.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.4 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 1.2

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 2.6 2.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 93
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

New England ..................................................... 0.8 0.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.5 0.5

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 94
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1 25 3 41 18 13 61.5 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 ( ) 19 2 43 18 18 63.4 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 15 – 47 21 14 63.1 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 20 – 41 17 20 63.6 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 37 – 18 25 18 63.5 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 36 – 17 29 16 63.3 60.0

Registered nurses ......................................... – 24 3 54 16 – 58.6 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 35 5 39 17 – 58.4 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 34 – 34 20 9 59.4 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 31 3 37 18 11 60.7 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 37 – 36 14 12 61.1 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 29 4 37 19 10 60.5 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 25 – 41 21 8 59.9 60.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 33 – 31 24 – 58.9 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 20 – 47 19 9 60.7 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2 19 2 45 18 15 62.1 60.0

Production ......................................................... – 15 – 45 14 21 63.3 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 22 – 46 21 8 60.9 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 23 3 42 17 14 61.8 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 37 – 28 26 5 59.4 60.0

Union ..................................................................... – 27 – 33 24 8 60.2 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 24 2 42 17 14 61.7 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 36 – 36 17 7 58.9 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 5 33 29 7 60.6 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 30 2 41 17 8 59.4 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 20 3 45 19 13 62.1 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 18 2 39 19 21 64.2 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 15 – 38 18 25 66.0 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2 16 2 43 17 21 63.6 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 2 ( ) 27 3 40 18 11 61.1 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 27 – 45 17 7 59.9 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 37 – 19 20 17 62.5 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 41 4 16 27 13 61.6 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 28 – 24 11 25 64.8 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 23 – 55 16 3 58.9 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 27 4 52 13 – 58.4 60.0

Public administration ......................................... – 38 – 27 25 9 59.1 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 95
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 ( ) 25 3 40 20 12 61.4 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2 ( ) 27 4 37 20 12 61.2 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 23 – 47 19 10 61.7 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 24 3 41 17 14 61.6 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 25 2 41 17 13 61.0 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 ( ) 23 3 42 16 15 62.3 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 39 – 24 30 6 59.9 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 7 – 58 19 14 63.6 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 44 – 18 32 5 59.3 60.0

South ..................................................................... – 19 – 54 11 15 61.8 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 23 – 52 10 14 60.9 60.0

East South Central ............................................ – 11 – 56 – 19 65.0 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 16 – 57 12 – 62.3 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 19 – 53 11 17 62.3 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 20 – 53 9 17 62.0 60.0

West North Central ............................................ – 17 – 53 14 16 63.0 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 13 – 40 14 19 63.2 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 12 2 55 – 17 62.3 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 14 19 33 14 – 63.7 60.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 96
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2019

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.0 0.4 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 1.5 0.4 2.7 1.4 2.8 0.6 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 1.8 – 2.9 2.8 1.6 0.4 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 2.0 – 3.4 1.5 3.9 0.8 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 3.2 – 2.5 2.7 2.8 1.2 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 4.1 – 3.0 3.5 3.5 1.4 0.0

Registered nurses ......................................... – 6.5 1.1 7.3 4.7 – 0.8 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 3.6 1.1 4.2 2.0 – 0.4 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 3.4 – 4.0 4.3 2.2 0.6 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.2 1.4 0.5 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.1 – 3.1 1.6 3.0 1.2 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 1.7 0.7 1.8 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 2.2 – 3.0 2.4 1.7 0.5 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 4.8 – 4.9 4.1 – 0.9 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 2.3 – 3.5 2.6 1.6 0.4 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 2.2 0.7 2.7 2.2 1.6 0.4 0.0

Production ......................................................... – 2.7 – 4.1 3.2 2.5 0.5 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 3.4 – 2.7 3.5 1.6 0.8 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.9 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 3.8 – 3.9 2.7 0.8 0.5 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 2.1 – 2.7 2.0 1.5 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.1 0.5 1.7 0.9 1.4 0.3 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.6 – 3.0 2.1 1.0 0.5 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 1.4 5.8 8.4 2.3 1.6 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 1.6 0.7 2.1 1.6 0.8 0.3 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.4 0.3 2.1 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 1.5 0.5 2.3 1.3 2.6 0.7 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1.7 – 3.4 2.2 4.5 1.0 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.7 2.3 0.6 2.5 1.8 1.8 0.6 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 1.1 0.4 1.8 1.0 1.4 0.3 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 1.9 – 3.0 2.1 0.8 0.4 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 1.3 – 1.9 1.8 2.2 0.9 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.0 0.7 2.1 2.3 2.6 1.0 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 1.8 – 2.4 1.2 2.8 1.3 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 2.4 – 3.7 2.9 0.8 0.4 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 5.3 0.5 6.6 3.1 – 0.5 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 2.6 – 2.4 2.3 2.2 0.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 97
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.2 1.7 0.8 3.0 1.9 2.5 0.6 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.2 2.0 1.2 3.3 1.9 3.2 0.7 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.6 – 4.5 3.4 2.2 1.0 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 1.2 0.4 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 1.8 0.3 2.4 1.7 1.5 0.4 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.1 1.7 0.8 2.1 1.9 1.3 0.5 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.3 – 2.4 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 2.5 – 5.5 4.1 1.9 0.8 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.5 – 2.5 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 2.0 – 2.9 1.5 2.1 0.6 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.9 – 4.4 1.7 2.8 0.7 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 2.1 – 7.5 – 5.4 2.7 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 3.5 – 3.2 3.6 – 1.2 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 2.5 – 3.2 1.3 1.7 0.5 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 3.2 – 3.6 1.6 2.1 0.7 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 4.0 – 6.2 2.6 2.6 0.8 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 1.2 – 3.7 2.6 4.9 0.9 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 1.8 0.8 5.7 – 1.6 0.5 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 1.6 3.8 4.6 2.9 – 1.3 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 98
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 76 $170 $200 $637 $1,500 $2,500 24

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 74 170 500 1,000 2,020 2,500 26

Management, business, and financial ............... 79 170 576 1,000 2,000 2,500 21

Professional and related .................................... 71 170 – 750 2,300 2,500 29

Teachers ........................................................ 80 170 200 650 692 1,500 20

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 84 170 225 692 831 – 16

Registered nurses ......................................... 71 185 595 1,000 2,325 3,000 29

Service ................................................................... 72 170 170 594 – 2,000 28

Protective service .............................................. 84 170 170 633 1,385 2,500 16

Sales and office ..................................................... 81 170 200 637 1,500 2,500 19

Sales and related ............................................... 85 170 200 500 1,250 – 15

Office and administrative support ...................... 80 170 200 650 1,500 2,500 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 81 170 – 595 1,000 2,000 19

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 82 170 170 577 982 – 18

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 81 170 325 615 1,200 2,310 19

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 170 350 594 1,000 2,000 23

Production ......................................................... 70 170 300 604 1,500 2,500 30

Transportation and material moving .................. 84 170 500 590 1,000 1,500 16

Full time ................................................................. 76 170 250 692 1,500 2,500 24

Part time ................................................................ 81 170 170 500 637 1,000 19

Union ..................................................................... 81 170 200 500 633 1,150 19

Nonunion ............................................................... 75 170 275 692 1,500 2,500 25

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 170 200 590 – 2,000 23

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 80 170 – 632 650 – 20

Second 25 percent ............................................ 78 170 200 615 1,162 2,500 22

Third 25 percent ................................................ 77 170 400 692 1,500 2,500 23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 73 170 430 900 2,000 2,500 27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 71 170 – 1,000 2,308 3,000 29

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 74 170 350 700 1,500 2,500 26

Service-providing industries .................................. 77 170 200 637 1,500 2,500 23

Education and health services ........................... 72 170 200 637 1,250 2,500 28

Educational services ...................................... 72 170 185 637 750 1,500 28

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 77 170 200 692 692 1,160 23

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 62 170 185 637 692 – 38

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 170 230 637 2,000 2,500 29

Hospitals .................................................... 74 170 595 1,000 2,350 3,000 26

Public administration ......................................... 70 135 200 576 731 1,500 30

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 99
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 76 $170 $200 $633 $1,000 $2,000 24

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 75 170 170 633 1,200 2,000 25

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 170 – 633 1,000 2,000 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 170 230 692 2,000 2,500 24

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 170 – 692 1,500 2,500 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 71 170 225 692 2,300 3,000 29

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 88 170 170 – 650 1,500 12

New England ..................................................... 69 – 500 750 1,500 3,000 31

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 91 170 170 200 637 1,000 9

South ..................................................................... 73 215 500 1,000 2,300 2,500 27

South Atlantic .................................................... 76 200 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 24

East South Central ............................................ 64 200 500 1,000 1,500 – 36

West South Central ........................................... 72 – 576 – 2,500 2,500 28

Midwest ................................................................. 64 200 500 1,000 – 2,500 36

East North Central ............................................. 64 200 – 1,000 – 2,500 36

West North Central ............................................ 63 275 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 37

West ...................................................................... 74 200 570 1,000 2,000 2,500 26

Mountain ............................................................ 67 400 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 33

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 100
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.6 $0.00 $23.74 $7.87 $0.00 $0.00 1.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.7 0.00 12.33 107.62 326.33 334.78 2.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.3 0.00 102.94 60.28 150.58 155.79 2.3

Professional and related .................................... 3.6 0.00 – 140.84 382.27 486.79 3.6

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 0.00 0.00 38.08 172.91 442.06 2.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.3 12.24 25.40 19.95 218.12 – 3.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.8 16.14 95.16 182.11 181.71 638.69 4.8

Service ................................................................... 3.7 0.00 0.91 21.68 – 564.23 3.7

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 0.00 33.19 32.63 300.49 268.64 2.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 3.86 20.99 0.00 1.5

Sales and related ............................................... 3.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 313.95 – 3.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.00 14.62 46.44 116.55 0.00 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 0.00 – 21.88 0.00 286.37 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.1 0.00 21.55 109.29 258.73 – 3.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 0.00 85.10 26.49 249.01 384.34 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 0.00 73.28 50.71 90.32 131.56 2.0

Production ......................................................... 3.0 0.00 65.61 58.24 191.41 251.54 3.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 5.47 120.87 97.22 0.00 0.00 1.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.6 0.00 33.55 29.96 29.56 0.00 1.6

Part time ................................................................ 3.3 0.00 0.00 61.04 0.00 280.90 3.3

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 0.00 13.13 0.00 13.58 202.13 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.8 0.00 54.80 24.97 289.05 0.00 1.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.1 0.00 35.44 93.27 – 291.04 3.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.3 1.58 – 47.03 27.97 – 5.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 0.00 0.00 16.52 194.29 129.95 2.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 0.00 90.59 42.24 182.44 0.00 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 0.00 127.29 213.49 125.86 79.82 2.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.0 0.00 – 27.37 153.41 496.63 4.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.4 0.00 89.16 87.20 29.68 0.00 2.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.8 0.00 0.00 2.42 0.00 0.00 1.8

Education and health services ........................... 3.2 0.00 20.89 16.64 369.47 46.36 3.2

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 0.00 13.41 29.10 130.17 127.75 2.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.2 0.00 0.00 50.32 157.06 281.40 3.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 0.00 0.00 39.42 80.32 – 3.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.4 0.00 50.61 25.18 386.33 364.97 4.4

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 19.16 33.83 160.15 201.03 688.86 4.2

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 10.23 131.70 41.97 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 101
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.0 $0.00 $31.53 $2.52 $136.07 $0.00 3.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.0 0.00 12.21 4.92 157.23 324.38 4.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.6 0.00 – 27.94 0.00 484.01 3.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.00 44.69 34.55 254.13 85.44 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.00 – 55.05 152.55 0.00 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 0.00 48.63 41.12 296.52 458.85 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 0.00 0.00 – 17.08 252.39 2.1

New England ..................................................... 7.9 – 0.00 156.59 372.46 515.90 7.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 19.48 0.00 238.53 1.8

South ..................................................................... 2.3 50.26 27.97 0.00 403.13 36.50 2.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.2 48.10 68.49 0.00 365.88 70.99 3.2

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 0.00 0.00 158.03 0.00 – 3.0

West South Central ........................................... 4.4 – 149.91 – 256.26 392.77 4.4

Midwest ................................................................. 3.1 0.00 23.84 0.00 – 0.00 3.1

East North Central ............................................. 4.1 0.00 – 87.91 – 0.00 4.1

West North Central ............................................ 3.7 40.55 0.00 82.85 468.06 714.83 3.7

West ...................................................................... 5.7 19.93 38.58 63.21 179.29 335.45 5.7

Mountain ............................................................ 8.2 106.55 239.32 96.71 255.74 11.86 8.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 102
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 7 93

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 7 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 4 96

Professional and related .................................... 8 92

Teachers ........................................................ 20 80

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 25 75

Registered nurses ......................................... 5 95

Service ................................................................... 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94

Sales and related ............................................... 6 94

Office and administrative support ...................... 6 94

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 93

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3 97

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 9 91

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95

Production ......................................................... 3 97

Transportation and material moving .................. 8 92

Full time ................................................................. 7 93

Part time ................................................................ 8 92

Union ..................................................................... 11 89

Nonunion ............................................................... 6 94

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 91

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 6 94

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 93

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6 94

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 7 93

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 5 95

Service-providing industries .................................. 7 93

Education and health services ........................... 9 91

Educational services ...................................... 17 83

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 21 79

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 5 95

Hospitals .................................................... 5 95

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 103
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 94

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 94

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 94

100 workers or more .............................................. 7 93

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 7 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 95

New England ..................................................... 3 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6 94

South ..................................................................... 8 92

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 93

East South Central ............................................ 13 87

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 8 92

East North Central ............................................. 10 90

West North Central ............................................ 5 95

West ...................................................................... 5 95

Mountain ............................................................ 10 90

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 104
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 2.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.3 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.3 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.7

Production ......................................................... 0.6 0.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.7 0.7

Hospitals .................................................... 0.9 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 2.0 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 105
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.3

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.6 2.6

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 2.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 1.0

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.3 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 0.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 106
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 95 3 1 2 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 96 4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Management, business, and financial ............... 96 4 – –

Professional and related .................................... 95 4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Teachers ........................................................ 95 2 2 1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 2 2 1

Registered nurses ......................................... 97 – – –

Service ................................................................... 98 1 – –

Protective service .............................................. 97 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 97 3 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 96 4 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 97 2 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 85 4 7 3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 93 4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 92 – 6 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 – 3 –

Full time ................................................................. 95 3 1 2 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 93 6 – –

Union ..................................................................... 88 2 8 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 96 3 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 2 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 95 2 2 2 ( )

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 94 4 1 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 6 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 88 5 6 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 96 3 1 2 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 98 2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Educational services ...................................... 96 2 1 1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 95 1 2 1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 97 3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 99 1 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 97 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 98 2 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 107
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 96 2 1 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 96 3 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 97 – 1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 94 4 2 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 4 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 94 4 2 2 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 94 4 – –

New England ..................................................... 96 – 1 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 5 – –

South ..................................................................... 95 4 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 96 3 – –

East South Central ............................................ 94 2 – –

West South Central ........................................... 92 7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 93 – 4 –

East North Central ............................................. 93 – 4 –

West North Central ............................................ 94 – 3 –

West ...................................................................... 98 1 2 () 1

Mountain ............................................................ 99 1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 97 – – 1

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 108
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 0.8 – –

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.1

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.1 – – –

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.6 – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.6 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.5 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 1.1 1.0 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.6 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 0.9 1.1 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.3 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 – 1.6 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 – 1.3 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.5 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.3 1.6 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.1 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.2 1.4 0.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 0.3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.6 0.6 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 1.4 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.6 0.6 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 109
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.6 – 0.4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

New England ..................................................... 1.6 – 0.7 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.9 – –

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.8 – –

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 0.7 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 2.5 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 – 0.8 –

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 – 1.1 –

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 – 0.7 –

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 0.6 0.3 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 – – 0.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 110
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 26 59 7 6 1 58.0 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 26 57 9 7 1 58.0 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 22 66 6 5 1 58.1 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 28 53 11 8 1 58.0 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ 13 43 24 16 3 60.8 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 16 32 27 21 4 61.0 62.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 38 56 – 3 – 55.8 60.0

Service ................................................................... 35 51 – 6 – 57.6 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 26 45 – 17 – 59.4 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 28 60 4 6 1 57.7 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... 28 65 – 4 – 57.1 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 28 59 5 7 1 57.8 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 67 9 – – 59.2 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 21 68 7 – – 58.1 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 21 67 5 5 1 58.6 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 21 71 – 5 – 58.3 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 26 59 7 6 1 58.0 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 30 53 8 7 2 58.0 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 28 52 8 11 2 58.5 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 60 7 6 1 58.0 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 28 58 6 6 1 57.8 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 25 62 7 6 1 58.1 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 26 57 8 7 1 58.1 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 28 57 8 6 1 57.8 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 22 60 12 5 1 58.8 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 27 59 6 7 1 57.9 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 27 53 11 7 2 58.3 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 13 49 21 14 3 60.8 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 15 36 27 19 4 61.2 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10 64 16 – – 60.5 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 37 55 4 – – 56.8 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... 40 55 2 3 – 55.7 60.0

Public administration ......................................... 21 45 – 20 – 59.9 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 111
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 25 58 8 7 2 58.6 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 61 5 – – 58.4 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 23 52 13 10 2 59.2 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 27 60 7 6 1 57.7 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 22 64 6 7 1 58.4 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 31 56 7 5 1 57.1 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 25 69 2 4 3 ( ) 57.7 60.0

New England ..................................................... 23 70 – 4 – 57.6 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 25 68 – 4 – 57.7 60.0

South ..................................................................... 27 59 8 5 1 57.6 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 27 57 11 4 1 57.6 60.0

East South Central ............................................ 24 67 4 – – 57.9 60.0

West South Central ........................................... 30 58 3 – – 57.4 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 25 62 6 7 2 58.1 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 27 59 6 7 1 57.8 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 20 67 5 6 2 58.7 60.0

West ...................................................................... 28 50 11 – – 58.8 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 24 54 – 12 – 59.0 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ 30 48 12 – – 58.6 60.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 112
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian

workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 2.3 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.0 2.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 2.6 2.7 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 2.1 2.3 1.9 0.8 0.5 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 3.1 3.1 2.6 1.3 0.8 1.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 5.7 5.3 – 1.4 – 0.8 0.0

Service ................................................................... 4.2 3.8 – 1.2 – 0.8 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.8 4.5 – 5.1 – 0.7 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 3.1 3.0 – 1.1 – 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.9 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 3.0 1.4 – – 0.5 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.0 3.2 1.3 – – 0.3 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.1 2.3 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.1 3.3 – 1.4 – 0.4 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.3 3.8 1.9 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 2.3 0.9 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 2.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 1.9 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 2.1 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.7 3.8 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 2.5 2.1 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.2 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 2.7 2.1 2.2 1.0 0.4 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 2.1 1.1 – – 0.3 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 3.0 1.9 – – 0.7 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... 5.1 4.7 0.3 1.0 – 0.7 0.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.8 3.8 – 3.6 – 0.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 113
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian

workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.6 2.3 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.4 3.2 0.8 – – 0.6 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.5 3.7 2.7 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 2.1 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.9 2.7 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... 7.0 6.6 – 0.8 – 1.0 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.0 2.6 – 1.0 – 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... 1.9 1.8 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 2.5 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 1.6 0.8 – – 0.3 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 5.2 3.9 0.9 – – 0.8 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 2.1 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.5 3.0 1.5 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.0

West ...................................................................... 4.0 3.6 1.8 – – 0.7 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 4.4 – 1.9 – 0.6 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 5.6 4.8 1.9 – – 1.0 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 114
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 89 $3,900 $5,000 $8,000 $12,000 $16,000 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 88 4,000 5,000 10,000 13,000 20,000 12

Management, business, and financial ............... 88 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 12

Professional and related .................................... 88 3,900 5,000 8,000 12,500 20,000 12

Teachers ........................................................ 75 1,900 3,900 5,000 8,000 11,000 25

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 71 1,500 3,900 5,000 6,111 9,450 29

Registered nurses ......................................... 90 – 5,000 8,333 12,500 15,000 10

Service ................................................................... 90 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 10

Protective service .............................................. 77 3,102 5,000 5,000 7,500 12,500 23

Sales and office ..................................................... 89 4,000 5,000 9,000 12,500 20,000 11

Sales and related ............................................... 90 5,000 5,000 8,000 12,500 20,000 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 3,900 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,000 12

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 12

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 90 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 90 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 10

Transportation and material moving .................. 92 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 8

Full time ................................................................. 89 3,900 5,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 11

Part time ................................................................ 82 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 20,000 18

Union ..................................................................... 80 2,500 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,000 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,000 10

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 89 3,500 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 90 3,500 5,000 7,500 – 15,000 10

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 12

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 91 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 9

Service-providing industries .................................. 88 – 5,000 8,000 12,000 – 12

Education and health services ........................... 88 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 12

Educational services ...................................... 77 – 3,900 5,000 9,200 13,000 23

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 71 1,500 3,900 5,000 6,500 10,000 29

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 83 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 17

Health care and social assistance ................. 95 – 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 5

Hospitals .................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 15,000 8

Public administration ......................................... 66 3,102 4,000 5,000 6,250 10,000 34

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 115
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 91 $4,000 $5,000 $7,500 $12,000 – 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 91 4,000 5,000 8,000 12,500 $20,000 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 91 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 9

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 – 5,000 10,000 12,500 – 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 90 3,900 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 3,102 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 15

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 91 – 5,000 10,000 12,500 – 9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 – 8

South ..................................................................... 91 3,900 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 9

South Atlantic .................................................... 93 3,900 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 7

East South Central ............................................ 88 4,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 12

West South Central ........................................... 90 4,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 – 10

Midwest ................................................................. 81 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 19

East North Central ............................................. 80 3,500 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 20

West North Central ............................................ 84 – 5,000 7,500 12,500 16,000 16

West ...................................................................... 91 4,000 6,000 10,000 13,000 20,000 9

Mountain ............................................................ 86 4,500 6,000 8,500 15,000 15,000 14

Pacific ................................................................ 93 3,500 6,000 10,000 13,000 20,000 7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 116
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 $390.33 $0.00 $361.84 $304.53 $3,208.38 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 25.81 0.00 0.00 2,569.38 928.03 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 63.21 0.00 1,060.40 1,990.01 4,788.34 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 524.46 36.50 0.00 682.79 1,688.86 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.9 341.39 0.00 0.00 741.28 1,522.22 2.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.3 – 0.00 1,979.74 2,526.54 0.00 2.3

Service ................................................................... 1.3 335.39 0.00 916.51 748.18 0.00 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 4.4 219.48 0.00 0.00 1,853.63 3,525.22 4.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 481.32 0.00 1,727.53 1,154.12 402.18 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 0.00 0.00 1,767.93 1,714.27 973.33 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 501.78 0.00 2,116.80 1,954.78 456.02 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 – 0.00 667.02 0.00 0.00 1.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 377.39 0.00 717.28 584.23 0.00 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 – 0.00 547.45 0.00 0.00 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 – 1,458.36 912.41 0.00 0.00 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 389.11 0.00 648.91 353.38 3,089.60 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 3.3 – 0.00 453.06 1,580.35 3,951.92 3.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 745.36 729.40 987.92 548.44 805.82 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 231.56 0.00 1,131.76 1,645.51 3,928.92 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 830.34 0.00 645.17 831.99 0.00 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 409.29 0.00 491.35 – 1,920.07 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 273.28 0.00 0.00 1,190.52 0.00 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 0.00 420.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.00 893.98 316.07 2,422.63 1,922.58 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 – 0.00 158.03 882.73 – 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 45.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 – 137.77 1,309.56 966.32 1,356.67 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 860.59 1,767.73 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 204.02 0.00 632.14 0.00 482.80 2.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.5 – 0.00 769.54 364.97 0.00 1.5

Hospitals .................................................... 2.1 706.75 0.00 1,965.73 2,680.39 0.00 2.1

Public administration ......................................... 3.1 141.52 754.39 0.00 1,083.20 0.00 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 117
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 $226.59 $0.00 $589.17 $2,010.58 – 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 603.67 0.00 1,407.72 2,801.87 $2,734.81 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 – 0.00 960.21 0.00 364.97 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 – 0.00 1,124.07 702.99 – 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 498.43 0.00 729.93 0.00 0.00 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 294.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 903.24 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 – 277.30 1,132.28 2,308.25 – 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 334.95 446.99 1,665.00 3,667.86 – 1.4

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.00 0.00 897.14 1,758.13 682.79 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 437.73 0.00 895.65 2,450.92 3,128.06 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 2.9 706.75 0.00 852.03 0.00 0.00 2.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 936.20 0.00 1,852.00 3,050.79 – 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 – 0.00 756.67 0.00 0.00 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 682.55 0.00 1,070.94 0.00 0.00 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 0.8 – 0.00 929.12 1,719.95 2,535.13 0.8

West ...................................................................... 1.0 543.85 841.20 677.40 2,795.92 0.00 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 889.31 1,182.62 1,678.89 3,782.95 4,211.59 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 634.76 1,007.79 233.69 3,064.41 0.00 1.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 118
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave2

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 78 76 76 46 58 60 32 19 89

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 82 91 79 63 75 79 48 29 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 94 95 64 78 80 49 28 94

Professional and related .................................... 77 90 72 62 74 78 48 29 93

Teachers ........................................................ 35 87 20 63 75 80 56 26 93

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 31 96 18 79 81 86 58 27 95

Registered nurses ......................................... 91 90 89 68 78 84 48 31 95

Service ................................................................... 59 61 62 28 36 40 18 14 83

Protective service .............................................. 82 83 83 44 62 68 48 19 93

Sales and office ..................................................... 84 76 81 49 59 60 31 19 89

Sales and related ............................................... 75 64 70 41 47 48 22 15 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 83 87 54 65 67 36 21 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 68 78 33 46 46 21 12 84

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 70 59 67 25 33 34 14 10 81

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 90 77 90 41 60 58 29 15 87

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 85 70 84 39 61 59 32 10 89

Production ......................................................... 91 68 88 37 63 60 28 10 88

Transportation and material moving .................. 80 72 79 41 59 58 35 9 90

Full time ................................................................. 87 86 87 54 68 70 39 22 91

Part time ................................................................ 46 43 41 19 25 27 13 8 81

Union ..................................................................... 81 91 75 63 83 84 55 22 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 77 73 76 43 54 56 29 18 88

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 58 51 56 25 31 34 14 9 82

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 43 31 42 12 22 27 8 6 80

Second 25 percent ............................................ 82 79 82 46 59 60 29 18 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 91 88 90 54 70 73 39 22 91

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 84 92 81 63 79 81 53 30 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 94 82 63 81 82 55 34 95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 89 72 88 39 60 58 30 12 87

Service-providing industries .................................. 76 76 74 47 58 60 33 20 89

Education and health services ........................... 74 87 70 59 69 74 41 24 92

Educational services ...................................... 52 90 41 61 79 83 61 26 92

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 39 93 27 72 80 85 59 26 92

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 82 89 71 44 84 88 72 26 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 87 85 88 57 63 68 29 23 92

Hospitals .................................................... 94 94 93 67 84 87 51 32 96

Public administration ......................................... 91 92 90 54 85 88 76 24 96

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 119
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave2

Paid Unpaid

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 71 66 70 36 44 46 19 14 82

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 70 64 69 33 39 42 17 14 80

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 73 71 71 43 56 57 26 16 89

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 85 82 56 72 74 46 23 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 83 81 82 52 65 66 34 20 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 91 83 61 81 84 59 28 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 77 78 74 53 66 70 39 25 89

New England ..................................................... 75 82 73 55 66 68 43 22 90

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 77 74 53 66 70 38 25 88

South ..................................................................... 78 72 76 45 58 61 33 17 87

South Atlantic .................................................... 78 71 77 45 58 60 31 15 86

East South Central ............................................ 79 67 75 43 57 63 35 14 87

West South Central ........................................... 76 74 76 46 58 63 36 20 89

Midwest ................................................................. 75 69 74 44 59 59 28 17 90

East North Central ............................................. 75 67 75 44 60 58 28 18 89

West North Central ............................................ 76 73 74 45 57 60 29 14 92

West ...................................................................... 80 87 80 42 52 52 30 20 90

Mountain ............................................................ 80 77 80 49 55 57 30 20 92

Pacific ................................................................ 80 91 80 39 50 49 30 21 89

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 120
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.3 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.2 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.4 1.6 0.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.0 2.1 1.5 3.2 2.6 2.2 4.0 3.0 1.2

Service ................................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 3.0 2.7 3.7 3.8 4.1 2.8 1.8 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 2.7 2.8 1.8 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.3 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 1.7 1.0 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.7 0.7 0.8

Production ......................................................... 1.4 2.6 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.0 0.8 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.3 1.0 1.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.9 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.8 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.6 2.4 1.0 0.7 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.6 2.1 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.6 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.8 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 1.1 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.1 0.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 2.5 1.6 2.8 3.7 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.5

Hospitals .................................................... 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.8 2.8 1.1

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 121
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.4 2.9 2.3 2.2 3.0 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.1 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 4.7 2.6 4.0 3.5 1.4 3.7 1.4 1.0

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 3.6 2.4 3.0 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.1 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.5 2.1 1.4 2.8 2.8 2.6 1.4 1.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.7 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.2 3.0 2.0 1.6

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.0 2.1 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.3 1.6 1.8 3.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 3.8 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.7 2.1 1.2 2.6 1.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 122
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 7 4 22 13 13 9 13 8 5 3 1 3 8 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 16 11 14 11 17 10 8 5 2 4 9 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 1 14 9 16 11 20 11 7 4 1 3 9 9

Professional and related .................................... 2 1 16 12 13 11 15 10 9 5 2 4 9 9

Teachers ........................................................ 7 – 12 – 6 6 10 13 9 6 4 14 10 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10 5 18 – – 4 7 13 4 3 3 16 10 9

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 35 21 12 8 7 5 4 4 1 – 8 7

Service ................................................................... 15 7 24 17 9 6 7 6 4 3 1 2 7 7

Protective service .............................................. – – 13 6 5 9 15 19 16 8 3 1 10 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 11 4 24 12 12 8 14 5 4 2 1 1 8 7

Sales and related ............................................... 26 6 30 9 10 6 7 3 1 1 – – 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 3 21 13 13 9 18 7 6 3 1 2 8 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 5 32 16 11 8 9 6 4 1 1 1 8 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 5 37 16 12 7 6 5 3 2 1 2 7 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 6 29 16 10 8 11 7 4 1 1 1 8 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 22 11 19 10 13 9 3 1 1 3 8 8

Production ......................................................... 4 2 18 10 15 13 16 12 4 1 1 5 9 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 4 27 13 23 6 10 6 2 1 – – 7 7

Full time ................................................................. 5 3 20 13 14 10 15 9 6 3 1 3 8 8

Part time ................................................................ 23 7 30 12 10 5 5 2 2 2 1 1 6 6

Union ..................................................................... 2 2 13 10 11 8 13 16 11 5 2 6 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 4 23 13 13 9 13 6 4 2 1 2 8 8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 21 8 32 14 9 4 5 3 2 1 3 () 1 6 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 7 34 14 8 2 5 1 1 1 – – 6 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 4 24 14 13 9 13 7 4 2 1 2 8 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 2 19 12 15 9 15 9 7 3 2 4 9 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 1 13 11 14 12 17 12 8 4 1 4 9 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 1 10 10 16 13 21 11 9 4 1 3 9 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3 2 19 12 14 13 17 9 6 2 1 3 9 8

Service-providing industries .................................. 9 4 22 13 13 8 12 7 5 3 1 2 8 8

Education and health services ........................... 4 4 23 13 11 7 10 7 8 5 3 6 9 8

Educational services ...................................... 4 3 6 4 5 6 13 12 12 11 8 17 12 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 7 5 12 5 4 5 10 12 9 8 5 18 11 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1 1 – – 6 8 15 11 16 15 10 15 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 5 31 17 14 7 9 5 6 3 – – 8 7

Hospitals .................................................... – – 34 17 15 10 9 6 5 3 – – 8 7

Public administration ......................................... – – 3 ( ) – 1 8 15 29 25 12 5 3 11 11

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 123
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 5 25 14 13 8 12 6 3 2 3 () 1 7 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10 5 26 15 12 7 12 5 3 2 3 () 1 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 11 4 22 13 14 10 11 8 3 1 1 2 8 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 3 18 11 14 10 14 9 7 4 2 4 9 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 4 21 13 13 9 13 8 5 3 1 2 8 8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 1 15 9 14 11 16 11 9 5 3 6 10 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 2 18 13 12 8 12 11 9 4 1 3 9 8

New England ..................................................... 7 2 13 10 13 6 16 17 9 4 1 2 9 9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 2 20 13 11 9 11 9 9 3 2 4 9 8

South ..................................................................... 9 5 22 13 13 9 11 7 5 2 1 2 8 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 4 23 13 14 8 11 6 6 2 1 2 8 7

East South Central ............................................ 10 6 23 7 13 9 9 9 4 – – 5 8 8

West South Central ........................................... 7 6 22 14 13 11 13 7 3 2 2 2 8 8

Midwest ................................................................. 6 1 26 14 14 8 14 7 3 2 1 3 8 8

East North Central ............................................. 5 1 28 14 12 8 14 7 3 2 1 4 8 8

West North Central ............................................ 8 1 23 13 17 10 13 7 3 3 – – 8 8

West ...................................................................... 7 5 18 11 13 10 16 8 5 3 1 2 8 8

Mountain ............................................................ 7 5 27 10 14 9 13 7 4 1 1 2 8 8

Pacific ................................................................ 6 5 14 12 13 11 17 9 6 4 1 2 8 8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 124
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.2 1.6 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 – 1.8 – 1.3 1.5 1.6 2.5 1.7 1.1 1.1 3.0 0.4 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 2.0 3.0 – – 1.8 2.0 3.8 1.1 1.0 1.6 4.8 0.5 1.6

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 4.5 4.5 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.4 0.3 – 0.1 0.0

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – – 3.0 2.4 1.1 2.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.5 1.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.9 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.3 0.9 2.9 3.1 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 1.1 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.3 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.0

Production ......................................................... 1.1 0.4 1.7 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.2 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.9 0.6 2.9 1.5 2.6 0.9 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.4 – – 0.1 0.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 1.1 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.0 1.1 2.1 2.1 1.5 0.8 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 – – 0.2 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.7 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 2 ( )

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 2.5 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.6 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 1.4 2.2 1.3 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.6 0.2 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.9 0.9 0.9 1.2 2.5 0.4 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.4 0.2 – – 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.1 1.9 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.3 2.1 3.1 1.9 2.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.5 0.8 – – 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – – 3.8 3.6 2.9 1.7 2.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 – – 0.1 0.4

Public administration ......................................... – – 0.2 – 0.5 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 125
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.7 1.9 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.3 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1

New England ..................................................... 1.6 0.7 1.7 2.0 3.4 1.4 2.7 3.1 1.4 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 0.4 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.7 1.8 1.6 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 1.1 0.6 3.7 0.9 3.1 1.0 2.4 1.9 1.8 – – 1.2 0.3 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.5 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.5

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.2 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 0.3 0.3 2.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.1 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 0.4 2.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 – – 0.1 0.0

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 2.2 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 1.7 4.0 1.2 2.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 2.0 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.3 3.1 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 126
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian workers,1 March

2019

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

All workers ............................................................. 68 3 28

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 67 4 29

Management, business, and financial ............... 66 5 29

Professional and related .................................... 67 4 29

Teachers ........................................................ 90 2 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 91 – –

Service ................................................................... 70 3 27

Protective service .............................................. 82 4 14

Sales and office ..................................................... 64 3 33

Sales and related ............................................... 60 4 36

Office and administrative support ...................... 66 3 31

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 70 5 25

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 71 5 24

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 70 5 25

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 2 20

Transportation and material moving .................. 83 2 16

Full time ................................................................. 67 4 29

Part time ................................................................ 77 1 22

Union ..................................................................... 86 2 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 4 31

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 2 28

Second 25 percent ............................................ 68 3 29

Third 25 percent ................................................ 69 3 28

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 5 28

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 6 28

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 71 5 25

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 3 29

Education and health services ........................... 66 1 33

Educational services ...................................... 91 1 8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 92 1 7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 3 6

Health care and social assistance ................. 50 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 50 1 49

Public administration ......................................... 87 3 10

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 127
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 68 4 28

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 66 5 29

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 2 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 69 3 28

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 2 28

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 3 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 75 4 21

New England ..................................................... 76 3 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 74 4 22

South ..................................................................... 65 4 30

South Atlantic .................................................... 65 3 32

East South Central ............................................ 71 7 22

West South Central ........................................... 63 5 32

Midwest ................................................................. 65 3 31

West North Central ............................................ 64 3 33

West ...................................................................... 70 2 28

Mountain ............................................................ 63 1 36

Pacific ................................................................ 73 2 25

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 128
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian

workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.3 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.5 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.7 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 0.6 1.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 0.5 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.7 0.8 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 0.6 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 0.5 1.4

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 1.2 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 0.4 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.9 1.3 2.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.9 2.4 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.1 1.1 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 0.4 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 0.5 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.3 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.4 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.3 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 0.6 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.8 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.4 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.6 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.0 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 0.7 1.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.3 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 0.4 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 0.3 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.9 0.3 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 0.5 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 3.3 0.4 3.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 0.7 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 129
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian

workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 0.5 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 0.7 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 0.7 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.3 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.6 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 0.4 1.7

New England ..................................................... 3.7 0.7 3.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 0.4 1.7

South ..................................................................... 2.1 0.6 1.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.7 0.7 3.1

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 0.9 2.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 1.2 2.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.7 1.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.5 1.2 3.5

West ...................................................................... 1.6 0.5 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 0.5 1.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 0.6 2.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 130
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 22 46 28 4187

Full time ................................................................. 20 44 31 5187

Part time ................................................................ 34 54 11 ––66

Union ..................................................................... 14 33 43 9 1 9 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 49 23 3176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 50 20 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 53 18 2176

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 31 42 23 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 18 42 34 6 4 () 8 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 23 48 24 5186

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 37 43 7 4 ( ) 9 10

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 21 46 27 6187

Full time ................................................................. 19 44 30 6187

Part time ................................................................ 31 56 11 ––66

Union ..................................................................... 12 32 43 12 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 49 23 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 51 20 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 24 54 18 2176

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 43 23 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 42 33 7198

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 22 47 24 6186

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 36 43 9 1 10 10

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 131
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March

2019—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 20 45 28 6187

Full time ................................................................. 18 43 31 6197

Part time ................................................................ 31 56 11 ––66

Union ..................................................................... 12 32 43 13 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 49 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 50 20 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 24 54 19 2176

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 42 24 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 42 34 8198

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 22 47 24 6186

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 36 43 9 1 10 10

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 20 46 28 6187

Full time ................................................................. 18 44 31 7197

Part time ................................................................ 31 56 11 ––66

Union ..................................................................... 12 32 43 13 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 22 49 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 25 50 20 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 24 54 19 3176

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 42 24 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 42 33 8198

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 21 48 24 6186

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 36 43 9 1 10 10

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 132
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian

workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.5 1.1 – – 0.2 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.6 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 4 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 4 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.8 1.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.5 1.8 – – 0.3 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 4 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.8 1.5 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.1

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.6 2.4 1.2 – – 0.2 0.3

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 4 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.8 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.5 1.7 – – 0.3 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.7 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 133
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian

workers,2 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.4 1.2 – – 0.2 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 4 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.8 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.4 1.8 – – 0.3 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.7 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.4 1.2 – – 0.2 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 4 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.8 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.4 1.8 – – 0.3 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.7 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 134
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 58 21 37 42

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 30 37 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 56 20 37 44

Professional and related .................................... 73 35 38 27

Teachers ........................................................ 87 50 36 13

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 88 52 36 12

Protective service .............................................. 74 41 33 26

Sales and office ..................................................... 52 16 37 48

Sales and related ............................................... 43 9 34 57

Office and administrative support ...................... 56 18 38 44

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 47 13 34 53

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 49 16 34 51

Transportation and material moving .................. 41 8 33 59

Full time ................................................................. 58 22 36 42

Union ..................................................................... 72 34 38 28

Nonunion ............................................................... 54 17 37 46

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 56 17 39 44

Third 25 percent ................................................ 57 22 36 43

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 66 29 37 34

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 65 29 36 35

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 62 22 39 38

Education and health services ........................... 82 36 46 18

Educational services ...................................... 88 51 36 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 88 52 36 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 53 34 12

Public administration ......................................... 94 57 37 6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 135
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 46 14 32 54

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 41 13 28 59

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 57 18 39 43

100 workers or more .............................................. 67 25 42 33

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 60 18 42 40

500 workers or more .......................................... 74 32 42 26

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 56 15 41 44

New England ..................................................... 55 11 44 45

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 57 17 40 43

South ..................................................................... 57 23 34 43

South Atlantic .................................................... 58 23 35 42

East South Central ............................................ 55 24 30 45

West South Central ........................................... 57 22 35 43

West ...................................................................... 61 24 37 39

Pacific ................................................................ 59 25 34 41

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 136
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian

workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.6 1.3 2.5 2.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.8 2.6 2.5 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 4.4 3.3 3.7 4.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.6

Sales and related ............................................... 2.3 1.2 2.2 2.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 1.2 1.6 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 1.2 2.2 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.9 1.6 2.3 2.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 1.2 2.2 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.9 1.7 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 2.7 2.7 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 2.4 2.2 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 2.4 2.4 1.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 2.2 1.8 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 137
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian

workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 1.7 2.5 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.0 1.2 2.6 3.0

New England ..................................................... 4.1 2.0 5.4 4.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.6 1.4 2.6 3.6

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 1.8 2.6 2.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 1.7 3.5 2.7

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 138
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 7 29 37 16 7 2 11 10

Full time ................................................................. 5 28 39 18 8 2 11 10

Part time ................................................................ 25 41 24 6––86

Union ..................................................................... 6 32 44 12 5 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 29 36 17 8 3 11 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 12 36 34 11 6 1 9 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 13 35 34 11 6 1 9 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 40 34 10 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 23 39 21 9 3 12 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 30 39 18 6 2 11 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 16 39 25 13 5 14 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 3 11 31 34 15 7 15 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 9 30 36 16 7 15 15

Part time ................................................................ 10 25 34 22 5 3 12 10

Union ..................................................................... 1 7 38 38 11 4 14 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 11 30 34 16 7 15 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 17 33 31 11 4 13 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 19 32 30 11 3 13 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 11 37 35 10 5 14 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 6 29 37 19 9 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 7 35 35 15 6 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 4 22 38 22 13 17 15

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 139
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 16 36 23 16 18 16

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 14 38 25 17 18 17

Part time ................................................................ 9 17 25 29 11 9 14 14

Union ..................................................................... 1 3 12 50 24 10 18 16

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 16 34 23 17 18 16

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 11 21 33 20 10 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 13 23 31 19 10 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 7 18 39 23 10 16 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 11 39 25 21 19 19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 3 14 42 23 16 18 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 3 7 36 28 26 20 20

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 6 12 18 32 30 20 20

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 11 17 34 31 21 20

Part time ................................................................ 9 16 17 24 17 18 16 16

Union ..................................................................... 1 2 6 12 44 36 22 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 13 19 30 28 20 20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 11 18 22 27 19 17 18

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 12 19 22 26 17 17 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 7 15 23 30 22 18 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 7 15 36 39 22 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 3 8 21 35 32 21 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 2 5 9 38 45 23 24

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 140
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2

March 2019

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.0 2.0 0.9 – – 0.4 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.0 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.2 4 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 1.4 1.7 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.1 – – 0.4 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.1 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 1.2 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.9

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 2.0 1.8 2.1 0.7 1.4 0.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.8 2.0 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.1 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.5 0.4 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.2 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 141
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.2 2.0 0.4 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.4 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.2 0.2 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.1 1.8 2.4 1.8 1.7 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.3 2.0 0.4 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.5 0.2 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.8 0.4 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.6

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 142
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2019

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 38 14 18 21 23 62 9 13 15 18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 46 17 20 23 25 54 11 15 17 20

Management, business, and financial ............... 40 17 20 23 25 60 11 15 17 20

Professional and related .................................... 49 17 20 23 25 51 11 15 17 20

Teachers ........................................................ 26 12 13 14 14 74 13 14 16 18

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 28 11 12 13 13 72 10 12 14 16

Registered nurses ......................................... 77 18 22 25 27 23 11 14 16 19

Service ................................................................... 41 14 18 20 22 59 7 11 14 16

Protective service .............................................. 20 16 20 23 26 80 10 12 15 18

Sales and office ..................................................... 40 13 18 21 24 60 9 12 15 18

Sales and related ............................................... 40 11 16 19 23 60 7 11 14 16

Office and administrative support ...................... 40 14 19 22 24 60 9 13 16 19

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 26 11 15 17 19 74 8 11 14 16

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 27 10 13 15 17 73 7 11 13 14

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 25 11 16 19 22 75 8 12 15 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 24 10 15 18 21 76 7 12 15 18

Production ......................................................... 26 10 14 18 21 74 7 11 15 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 21 10 15 18 21 79 7 12 15 18

Full time ................................................................. 38 15 19 22 24 62 9 13 16 18

Part time ................................................................ 38 10 14 16 17 62 6 10 13 15

Union ..................................................................... 17 15 19 23 26 83 9 13 16 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 42 14 18 21 23 58 9 12 15 17

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 12 16 18 21 63 7 11 13 15

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 29 10 15 16 18 71 6 9 12 13

Second 25 percent ............................................ 38 13 18 21 24 62 8 12 15 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 37 15 18 21 24 63 9 13 16 19

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 41 16 20 23 25 59 11 14 17 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 44 17 20 23 25 56 12 15 18 20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 28 10 14 17 20 72 8 12 15 17

Service-providing industries .................................. 40 15 19 22 24 60 9 13 15 18

Education and health services ........................... 56 17 21 24 25 44 11 14 17 19

Educational services ...................................... 12 13 15 17 17 88 13 15 18 20

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 12 12 13 14 14 88 11 13 16 18

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8 18 21 23 24 92 15 17 19 22

Health care and social assistance ................. 68 17 21 24 26 32 9 13 16 18

Hospitals .................................................... 77 20 24 28 30 23 11 15 18 20

Public administration ......................................... 10 18 22 26 30 90 11 14 17 22

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 143
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 36 12 16 19 20 64 8 11 14 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 37 12 16 18 20 63 8 11 13 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 36 13 17 19 21 64 8 12 15 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 40 16 20 23 26 60 10 14 17 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 39 14 19 22 25 61 9 13 16 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 41 17 21 25 27 59 11 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 33 15 19 21 24 67 9 13 16 18

New England ..................................................... 32 15 19 22 24 68 10 14 16 19

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 33 15 19 21 24 67 9 13 16 18

South ..................................................................... 38 14 18 21 23 62 8 12 15 17

South Atlantic .................................................... 36 14 18 21 24 64 9 12 15 17

East South Central ............................................ 33 14 18 21 24 67 8 12 14 17

West South Central ........................................... 42 13 18 20 22 58 8 12 14 17

Midwest ................................................................. 39 15 19 22 25 61 8 12 16 19

East North Central ............................................. 36 14 19 22 25 64 9 13 16 19

West North Central ............................................ 45 16 20 23 25 55 8 12 15 18

West ...................................................................... 43 14 18 21 23 57 9 13 15 18

Mountain ............................................................ 49 14 18 21 23 51 9 12 15 18

Pacific ................................................................ 40 14 18 20 22 60 9 13 16 18

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 144
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 5.5 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.5 5.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 8.1 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.6 8.1 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.1

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1

Service ................................................................... 2.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 4.2 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 4.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.2 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2 2.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.0 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.6 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 3.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Hospitals .................................................... 2.0 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 145
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

New England ..................................................... 6.0 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 6.0 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 3.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 3.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 3.5 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 3.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

West ...................................................................... 1.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 3.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 146
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 11 7 8 44 54

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 17 14 13 59 70

Management, business, and financial ............... 18 22 15 60 69

Professional and related .................................... 17 11 13 58 70

Teachers ........................................................ 13 3 7 54 66

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 2 3 52 65

Registered nurses ......................................... 24 4 13 81 88

Service ................................................................... 8 1 6 28 38

Protective service .............................................. 10 2 7 41 57

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 7 7 44 56

Sales and related ............................................... 5 5 4 39 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 10 8 9 48 58

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 2 4 29 37

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 6 1 4 24 28

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 8 2 5 35 45

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 2 3 43 54

Production ......................................................... 7 3 3 46 52

Transportation and material moving .................. 3 2 4 41 55

Full time ................................................................. 12 8 9 49 60

Part time ................................................................ 5 2 4 26 36

Union ..................................................................... 16 3 12 57 78

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 7 7 42 50

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 1 3 27 36

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 1 3 19 27

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 4 6 40 51

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 7 10 50 61

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 20 16 14 62 73

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 22 21 18 64 77

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 9 6 4 45 51

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 7 9 44 55

Education and health services ........................... 15 4 9 52 65

Educational services ...................................... 14 4 8 58 72

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 9 2 3 52 67

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 27 8 20 77 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 16 4 10 49 61

Hospitals .................................................... 35 3 18 83 95

Public administration ......................................... 17 6 17 64 81

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 147
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 6 5 26 33

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 6 6 21 29

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8 5 5 38 47

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 8 10 62 75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9 7 7 53 67

500 workers or more .......................................... 24 10 14 73 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 7 10 42 55

New England ..................................................... 17 9 12 47 59

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 14 6 9 41 54

South ..................................................................... 10 7 6 48 54

South Atlantic .................................................... 12 8 7 49 56

East South Central ............................................ 6 5 3 46 55

West South Central ........................................... 10 7 6 47 50

Midwest ................................................................. 9 7 5 43 55

East North Central ............................................. 9 7 5 42 53

West North Central ............................................ 8 5 6 44 58

West ...................................................................... 10 6 12 40 54

Mountain ............................................................ 9 8 9 41 54

Pacific ................................................................ 10 6 13 39 53

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 148
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2019

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.7 2.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.9 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 0.9 0.5 2.7 2.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.1 1.6 2.2 2.2 2.3

Service ................................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.8 1.5 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 0.6 1.1 3.0 3.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.3 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.8 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.6 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.7 1.9

Production ......................................................... 1.2 0.5 0.4 2.2 2.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.6 0.4 0.8 2.3 2.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.2 0.5 1.1 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.7 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.7 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 0.5 0.9 2.0 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 0.8 0.4 2.0 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 1.1 1.7 2.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 0.8 1.4 3.0 2.4

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 0.8 2.5 2.3 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 149
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 0.7 0.9 1.8 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.8 1.4

New England ..................................................... 1.8 2.2 0.9 1.4 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 0.5 1.4 2.3 1.7

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.6 0.4 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.9 0.6 1.8 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 1.8 2.3 0.4 5.5 6.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 0.6 0.8 2.3 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.5 1.9 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 0.8 0.7 2.5 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 1.3 0.7 2.7 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.0 0.4 0.9 1.4 2.1

Mountain ............................................................ 2.4 0.7 0.8 2.7 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 0.5 1.2 1.7 2.8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 150
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

All workers ............................................................. 31 17 42 45 22 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 45 26 61 65 32 28

Management, business, and financial ............... 50 24 64 67 25 31

Professional and related .................................... 42 27 59 64 34 27

Teachers ........................................................ 36 35 54 61 53 22

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 36 37 53 62 55 20

Registered nurses ......................................... 43 35 77 79 33 29

Service ................................................................... 15 10 25 26 15 11

Protective service .............................................. 22 23 43 49 38 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 34 14 39 42 17 24

Sales and related ............................................... 28 7 29 30 9 23

Office and administrative support ...................... 37 19 45 49 22 24

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 22 12 27 30 17 14

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 17 10 18 21 15 10

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 28 14 36 39 19 18

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 25 15 42 42 22 18

Production ......................................................... 28 17 42 43 20 22

Transportation and material moving .................. 23 14 42 42 24 15

Full time ................................................................. 37 21 50 53 25 24

Part time ................................................................ 12 5 18 17 12 11

Union ..................................................................... 29 21 58 64 45 26

Nonunion ............................................................... 31 16 39 42 18 20

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 15 8 21 20 12 12

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8 7 14 13 8 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 29 14 38 41 19 18

Third 25 percent ................................................ 37 21 51 55 26 24

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 46 27 64 68 33 31

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 51 25 67 73 33 32

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 31 17 40 41 15 23

Service-providing industries .................................. 31 17 43 45 23 20

Education and health services ........................... 32 26 52 57 34 21

Educational services ...................................... 38 35 59 65 55 24

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 34 37 53 61 55 20

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 50 35 79 83 64 36

Health care and social assistance ................. 29 21 47 52 22 19

Hospitals .................................................... 46 39 81 86 32 38

Public administration ......................................... 35 35 65 70 65 30

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 151
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 20 9 25 27 14 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 18 7 21 22 12 8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 26 15 36 39 19 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 41 25 60 63 30 31

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 38 20 49 50 22 29

500 workers or more .......................................... 45 31 72 76 39 34

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 25 13 42 46 23 21

New England ..................................................... 30 12 49 54 21 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 24 13 39 43 24 20

South ..................................................................... 30 22 42 44 22 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 30 20 43 44 22 22

East South Central ............................................ 29 25 40 40 24 24

West South Central ........................................... 31 24 42 45 20 20

Midwest ................................................................. 34 17 43 45 22 21

East North Central ............................................. 32 16 42 44 24 22

West North Central ............................................ 37 19 47 48 19 19

West ...................................................................... 33 13 42 44 20 19

Mountain ............................................................ 32 15 44 47 20 19

Pacific ................................................................ 33 12 40 43 20 18

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 3 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 4 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred

arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of

the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the

employer to fund the established plan. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March

2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 152
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.1 2.7 3.3

Service ................................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.0 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.4 2.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.1 1.7 2.1 1.1 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 1.0 2.1 2.4 1.3 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.0

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.3 1.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 1.2 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.4 1.9 2.1 1.2 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.9 3.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 2.0 2.9 3.3 1.7 2.2

Hospitals .................................................... 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.9

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 153
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3

New England ..................................................... 2.0 0.7 2.0 2.5 1.4 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.6

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 3.2 3.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.9 1.7 2.0 0.6 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 1.1 2.1 2.7 0.8 1.8

West North Central ............................................ 2.0 1.8 2.7 2.4 0.7 1.6

West ...................................................................... 2.1 0.8 1.8 2.3 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 3.8 1.4 3.7 5.0 1.9 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.6 1.0 2.0 2.5 1.2 1.1

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 3 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 4 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred

arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of

the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the

employer to fund the established plan. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March

2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 154
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 17 21 19

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 27 33 30

Management, business, and financial ............... 30 29 27

Professional and related .................................... 25 35 31

Teachers ........................................................ 26 57 52

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 23 61 54

Registered nurses ......................................... 25 24 20

Service ................................................................... 10 11 10

Protective service .............................................. 16 41 38

Sales and office ..................................................... 15 18 16

Sales and related ............................................... 10 9 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 18 23 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10 16 15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 7 14 14

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 14 18 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 19 17

Production ......................................................... 11 15 14

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 23 21

Full time ................................................................. 20 25 23

Part time ................................................................ 7 7 6

Union ..................................................................... 24 55 52

Nonunion ............................................................... 15 16 14

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 7 6 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 3 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 16 15

Third 25 percent ................................................ 20 26 25

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 29 39 36

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 38 34

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 12 17 16

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 22 20

Education and health services ........................... 22 31 27

Educational services ...................................... 30 59 54

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 22 59 53

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 51 68 66

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 13 11

Hospitals .................................................... 28 26 21

Public administration ......................................... 28 71 70

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 155
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 9 8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 12 13 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 25 33 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 17 21 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 33 48 43

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 23 23

New England ..................................................... 15 23 22

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 15 24 24

South ..................................................................... 18 23 20

South Atlantic .................................................... 19 21 18

East South Central ............................................ 19 24 20

West South Central ........................................... 16 25 23

Midwest ................................................................. 15 19 18

East North Central ............................................. 15 19 18

West North Central ............................................ 14 19 17

West ...................................................................... 18 18 16

Mountain ............................................................ 21 17 16

Pacific ................................................................ 16 18 17

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 3 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 156
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 1.0 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.4 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.2 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 2.2 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.6 2.6 2.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.4 2.3 2.0

Service ................................................................... 1.0 0.6 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.0 3.3 3.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 0.7 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.9 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 1.2 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.1 1.7 1.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 1.4 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 1.4 1.2

Production ......................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.1 2.1 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.4 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.6 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.4 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.8 0.6 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.7 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.8 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 1.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.8 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.3 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.5 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.0 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.5 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.9 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.1 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 1.0 1.1

Hospitals .................................................... 3.0 2.4 1.9

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.6 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 157
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 0.9 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0

New England ..................................................... 1.6 2.1 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.8 1.1

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 2.0 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 1.5 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.1 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.4 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 1.8 1.8

West ...................................................................... 0.8 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 1.7 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 0.6 1.3 1.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 3 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 158
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses2

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus3

All workers ............................................................. 39 6 3 10 6 6 2 5 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 45 5 5 11 3 9 2 6 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 54 8 7 16 4 7 2 8 15

Professional and related .................................... 41 4 4 9 3 11 3 5 11

Teachers ........................................................ 29 – 2 1 4 ( ) 17 4 4 ( ) 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 32 – 2 1 – 20 5 – 12

Registered nurses ......................................... 45 – 4 5 – 10 1 12 17

Service ................................................................... 26 1 2 7 5 4 3 4 5

Protective service .............................................. 37 1 3 4 1 14 9 – 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 42 9 3 10 6 5 1 5 8

Sales and related ............................................... 36 13 1 8 6 3 1 4 5

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 7 4 11 7 6 2 6 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 42 6 2 14 11 3 1 3 9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 40 5 1 15 13 2 1 1 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 43 7 3 13 9 5 1 5 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 40 8 1 8 6 4 1 5 15

Production ......................................................... 45 11 2 12 6 3 1 4 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 36 4 1 5 5 5 1 6 13

Full time ................................................................. 44 6 4 11 6 7 2 6 12

Part time ................................................................ 22 4 1 5 4 1 1 4 3

Union ..................................................................... 39 4 4 2 1 19 4 2 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 6 3 11 6 4 2 6 9

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 26 5 1 6 5 2 2 5 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 21 1 – 7 5 1 4 () 3 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40 5 2 10 8 4 1 4 10

Third 25 percent ................................................ 46 6 4 12 6 8 2 5 12

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 48 7 6 12 4 11 2 7 14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 50 8 6 13 3 13 2 8 14

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 49 11 2 16 8 3 1 3 14

Service-providing industries .................................. 37 5 3 9 5 6 2 5 9

Education and health services ........................... 34 1 3 5 5 10 3 5 9

Educational services ...................................... 28 – 2 1 4 ( ) 16 4 4 () 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 30 – 1 1 – 19 5 – 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 27 – 5 – 1 13 4 1 5

Health care and social assistance ................. 37 1 3 8 8 7 3 8 9

Hospitals .................................................... 38 2 3 4 – 9 1 10 15

Public administration ......................................... 45 – 6 2 1 22 9 – 13

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 159
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses2

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 36 3 2 12 8 4 1 4 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 3 2 13 9 3 1 3 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 38 4 2 10 6 4 2 6 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 42 8 4 7 3 8 3 6 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 41 9 3 7 4 6 3 7 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 42 8 5 7 1 10 3 5 17

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 41 4 3 12 3 11 2 5 10

New England ..................................................... 42 3 2 16 2 8 2 4 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 41 4 3 10 4 12 1 5 11

South ..................................................................... 42 6 4 11 7 3 2 5 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 44 6 5 11 8 3 2 6 13

East South Central ............................................ 42 7 2 8 7 2 3 6 13

West South Central ........................................... 39 7 3 12 7 2 2 3 9

Midwest ................................................................. 39 6 2 9 5 6 2 6 10

East North Central ............................................. 41 7 2 9 6 6 2 6 11

West North Central ............................................ 35 6 1 8 4 5 3 6 9

West ...................................................................... 33 6 3 7 5 7 2 4 6

Mountain ............................................................ 34 5 2 8 7 2 1 4 9

Pacific ................................................................ 32 6 3 6 4 9 3 5 5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 3 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 160
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.9 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 – 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 – 0.5 0.5 – 1.8 0.6 – 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 – 1.0 2.2 – 1.3 0.5 2.9 3.3

Service ................................................................... 1.6 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 3.5 0.4 0.6 1.4 0.3 1.4 2.2 – 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 0.6 0.4 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.2 1.2 0.4 1.7 2.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 0.6 0.8 1.9 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.7

Production ......................................................... 1.7 1.1 0.5 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.3 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 0.3 – 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 0.1 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 – 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 – 0.3 0.4 – 1.4 0.6 – 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 – 0.5 – 0.2 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 0.2 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 2.7 0.7 0.8 1.4 – 1.5 0.5 1.6 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 – 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.1 – 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 161
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 0.3 0.7 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.9 1.0

New England ..................................................... 4.9 0.5 0.9 3.1 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.4 1.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.2 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 0.6 1.4 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.8 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 0.6 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.5 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.5 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 1.2 0.3 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.7

West ...................................................................... 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 3.9 0.6 0.6 1.5 2.5 0.5 0.3 1.3 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.6 0.5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 162
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, civilian workers,2

March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 17 16 42 39

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 27 26 57 52

Management, business, and financial ............... 23 23 65 60

Professional and related .................................... 28 28 54 49

Teachers ........................................................ 48 47 46 41

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 55 54 47 44

Registered nurses ......................................... 22 23 52 50

Service ................................................................... 10 10 26 25

Protective service .............................................. 33 33 42 38

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 13 44 41

Sales and related ............................................... 6 6 35 33

Office and administrative support ...................... 18 18 49 45

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 10 34 31

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 9 9 29 28

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 14 12 40 35

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 12 38 34

Production ......................................................... 9 7 35 31

Transportation and material moving .................. 17 17 40 37

Full time ................................................................. 20 19 50 46

Part time ................................................................ 7 7 17 17

Union ..................................................................... 48 44 64 56

Nonunion ............................................................... 12 12 39 36

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 5 21 20

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 2 13 12

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 12 40 38

Third 25 percent ................................................ 20 19 50 46

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 32 31 64 57

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 31 31 72 63

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 9 39 37

Service-providing industries .................................. 18 17 43 40

Education and health services ........................... 27 26 45 42

Educational services ...................................... 50 49 49 44

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 57 55 46 42

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 42 42 58 50

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 12 42 40

Hospitals .................................................... 27 27 58 54

Public administration ......................................... 55 55 50 46

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 163
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, civilian workers,2

March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8 8 30 29

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 6 27 26

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 13 13 39 38

100 workers or more .............................................. 25 25 54 49

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 16 16 48 45

500 workers or more .......................................... 36 34 62 55

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 22 21 49 45

New England ..................................................... 16 15 46 43

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 24 23 49 46

South ..................................................................... 16 16 34 32

South Atlantic .................................................... 15 15 35 32

East South Central ............................................ 16 14 31 28

West South Central ........................................... 17 17 35 34

Midwest ................................................................. 10 9 32 28

East North Central ............................................. 10 8 33 27

West North Central ............................................ 11 11 30 29

West ...................................................................... 20 20 60 57

Mountain ............................................................ 17 17 53 48

Pacific ................................................................ 21 22 63 61

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 164
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

civilian workers,2 March 2019

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.4 1.5 2.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.1 3.1 2.1 2.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.9 2.1 2.7 2.3

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 0.9 1.9 2.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.2 1.1 2.3 2.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 1.3 2.5 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.7 1.4 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.0 1.2 2.2 2.2

Hospitals .................................................... 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.5

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 1.1 1.9 1.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 165
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

civilian workers,2 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 1.1 2.0 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.2

New England ..................................................... 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.2

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.8 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.9 2.4 2.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 1.8 3.3 3.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.6 2.1 2.2

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 166
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 63 8 8 21 58 13 2 27

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 82 6 4 8 78 10 1 11

Management, business, and financial ............... 87 8 2 4 82 12 2 () 6

Professional and related .................................... 80 5 5 10 76 9 1 14

Teachers ........................................................ 84 1 3 12 76 10 1 14

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 1 1 4 83 12 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 83 4 5 7 80 – – 10

Service ................................................................... 39 9 9 43 34 14 2 51

Protective service .............................................. 68 6 10 16 61 – – 24

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 8 13 18 54 15 3 29

Sales and related ............................................... 46 8 23 24 37 17 3 43

Office and administrative support ...................... 69 8 8 15 64 14 2 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 13 3 23 54 20 1 25

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 56 14 4 25 46 24 1 29

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 65 13 2 20 62 – – 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 67 10 6 18 63 13 1 22

Production ......................................................... 70 10 3 16 68 13 1 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 63 9 8 20 59 14 1 26

Full time ................................................................. 77 10 3 10 72 14 1 12

Part time ................................................................ 18 4 22 56 12 10 3 75

Union ..................................................................... 91 3 3 3 84 10 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 59 9 8 24 54 14 2 31

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30 9 15 45 25 14 2 58

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 16 10 17 58 15 11 1 73

Second 25 percent ............................................ 64 10 6 20 58 15 2 25

Third 25 percent ................................................ 80 9 4 8 75 13 1 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 87 5 2 5 83 10 1 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 6 2 5 85 9 1 6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 74 11 2 13 69 16 1 14

Service-providing industries .................................. 61 8 8 22 56 13 2 29

Education and health services ........................... 72 5 7 15 67 10 2 21

Educational services ...................................... 85 2 4 10 77 10 1 13

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 87 2 4 7 77 12 1 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 2 3 8 85 5 1 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 8 10 19 61 10 2 26

Hospitals .................................................... 89 2 4 5 88 – – 8

Public administration ......................................... 89 1 2 8 83 7 1 9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 167
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 25 47 1 27 53 19 7 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 39 49 1 11 67 21 4 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 32 62 2 ( ) 6 79 15 1 5

Professional and related .................................... 42 43 1 14 62 23 4 11

Teachers ........................................................ 72 14 2 13 39 46 2 13

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 88 7 – – 34 61 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 42 46 – – 75 13 5 7

Service ................................................................... 15 33 1 51 29 18 8 44

Protective service .............................................. 52 22 1 24 35 39 9 17

Sales and office ..................................................... 19 50 2 30 54 15 13 18

Sales and related ............................................... 9 45 2 44 43 11 22 24

Office and administrative support ...................... 25 53 1 21 60 18 7 15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 23 51 2 ( ) 26 52 22 3 23

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 24 46 2 ( ) 29 45 25 4 26

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 57 – 22 59 19 2 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 22 55 1 23 58 18 5 18

Production ......................................................... – 62 – 19 67 13 3 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 24 48 2 26 50 22 7 20

Full time ................................................................. 30 56 2 ( ) 13 65 21 3 10

Part time ................................................................ 7 15 4 74 13 9 20 58

Union ..................................................................... 77 17 2 4 46 48 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 51 1 31 54 14 8 24

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6 33 2 59 26 13 15 45

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 23 1 73 14 12 16 58

Second 25 percent ............................................ 19 54 1 25 55 19 5 21

Third 25 percent ................................................ 32 56 1 11 66 22 4 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 46 46 1 7 71 22 2 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 44 50 1 6 76 18 1 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 21 64 2 ( ) 15 70 15 2 13

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 44 1 30 50 19 8 23

Education and health services ........................... 39 38 2 21 51 26 6 17

Educational services ...................................... 71 16 3 11 40 46 2 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 82 6 3 8 29 60 2 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 33 2 8 67 22 1 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 20 51 1 27 58 14 9 19

Hospitals .................................................... 47 44 2 7 79 11 4 6

Public administration ......................................... 85 5 1 9 35 55 1 9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 168
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 46 12 10 33 41 16 2 41

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 41 11 10 38 36 16 2 46

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 59 13 10 18 56 16 1 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 81 5 5 9 76 10 1 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 75 7 6 11 69 13 2 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 3 3 7 83 7 1 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 8 7 21 56 15 1 27

New England ..................................................... 66 7 6 21 62 – – 26

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 62 8 8 22 54 16 2 28

South ..................................................................... 62 9 8 21 58 13 1 27

South Atlantic .................................................... 62 8 8 22 58 12 1 29

East South Central ............................................ 64 9 – – 56 17 2 25

West South Central ........................................... 61 11 6 22 58 14 1 27

Midwest ................................................................. 63 7 9 21 60 10 2 28

East North Central ............................................. 61 8 10 21 60 9 2 28

West North Central ............................................ 66 5 8 21 60 11 1 28

West ...................................................................... 65 9 6 20 59 16 1 25

Mountain ............................................................ 67 7 8 18 62 11 1 25

Pacific ................................................................ 64 10 5 20 57 18 1 25

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 169
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 46 1 42 40 17 10 33

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 9 43 1 47 37 15 10 38

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 18 53 1 27 49 23 10 18

100 workers or more .............................................. 38 48 2 13 65 20 4 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 58 2 16 63 19 6 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 55 36 1 9 68 22 2 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 28 43 2 27 51 20 6 22

New England ..................................................... 28 45 1 26 54 19 5 22

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 28 42 2 28 50 20 7 23

South ..................................................................... 25 47 1 28 53 18 7 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 26 44 1 29 55 15 8 22

East South Central ............................................ 25 48 1 26 55 18 7 20

West South Central ........................................... 22 50 2 ( ) 27 48 24 6 22

Midwest ................................................................. 23 47 1 29 54 15 9 22

East North Central ............................................. 23 46 1 29 54 15 9 21

West North Central ............................................ 23 48 1 28 55 16 7 22

West ...................................................................... 24 50 1 25 53 21 5 20

Mountain ............................................................ – 51 – 25 55 19 7 20

Pacific ................................................................ 25 50 1 25 52 22 5 21

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 170
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.4 1.2 0.1 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.3 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 0.3 0.6 1.7 1.9 1.0 0.2 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 0.3 0.4 2.1 2.2 1.3 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 2.3 – – 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.3 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 4.1 2.4 2.8 3.1 2.8 – – 3.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.2 0.5 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.1 0.5 1.6 1.8 1.3 0.2 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.5 1.6 0.7 2.4 2.6 2.0 0.4 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 1.4 0.6 2.1 2.1 – – 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 1.0 0.6 1.5 1.9 1.0 0.2 1.7

Production ......................................................... 2.4 1.5 0.6 2.1 2.8 1.4 0.3 2.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.3 1.0 0.8 1.6 2.1 1.2 0.3 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.6 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.9 1.3 2.3 1.4 1.5 0.2 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.6 0.9 0.2 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.2 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.1 0.4 1.3 2.1 1.1 0.2 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.1 0.5 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.2 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.5 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.3 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 1.1 1.4 2.2 2.6 1.8 0.8 2.0

Hospitals .................................................... 1.4 0.5 1.2 1.0 1.4 – – 1.1

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 171
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.4 0.2 1.0 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.1 0.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 0.6 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 1.2 – – 1.5 2.0 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.6 2.9 – – 2.7 1.9 1.1 1.3

Service ................................................................... 0.7 1.3 0.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 4.0 3.4 0.5 3.3 3.5 2.9 2.8 3.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.9 0.1 1.7 1.8 1.2 0.5 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.0 2.6 0.2 2.6 2.6 2.0 0.7 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 2.3 – 2.1 2.0 1.6 0.6 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.8 0.2 1.7 1.9 1.2 0.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... – 2.0 – 2.3 2.5 1.5 0.6 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 2.6 0.4 2.0 2.4 1.6 0.7 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 1.0 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.7 0.2 0.4 1.5 1.4 0.3 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 1.7 0.3 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 1.1 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.7 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.4 0.1 1.4 1.9 1.2 0.4 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.9 1.6 0.5 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.6 1.9 0.6 2.1 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.2

Hospitals .................................................... 3.0 2.8 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.1 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 172
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.3 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.3 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.7 1.3 0.3 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.3 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.9 1.2 1.0 2.2 2.4 – – 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.8 1.4 0.5 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.2 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.1 0.2 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.7 2.0 – – 3.4 2.4 0.7 6.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 0.9 1.0 2.2 2.5 1.4 0.3 2.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.8 1.1 0.5 1.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 2.3 1.5 0.7 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 3.3 1.7 1.1 2.1 2.7 1.4 0.5 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.6 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.8 1.3 0.3 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 0.9 1.1 2.0 1.8 1.5 0.2 2.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 1.5 0.5 1.3 2.5 1.8 0.4 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 173
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.2 0.2 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.4 0.2 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.8 0.2 1.5 1.9 1.4 0.9 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.3 0.2 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.9 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.3

New England ..................................................... 1.6 1.9 0.3 2.0 2.5 1.2 0.9 2.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.6 0.3 1.1 2.2 1.6 0.9 1.6

South ..................................................................... 0.9 1.1 0.1 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 1.2 0.3 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 3.8 2.5 0.2 5.9 3.0 2.8 0.3 5.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 2.6 0.1 2.9 2.4 1.2 0.9 2.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.4 0.3 1.3 1.8 0.8 0.8 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.4 0.4 1.6 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 3.3 0.2 2.4 2.9 1.1 1.1 2.1

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.7 0.4 1.3 2.0 1.5 0.6 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ – 4.1 – 2.8 2.8 1.6 1.6 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.7 0.2 1.4 2.6 2.1 0.5 1.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 174
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

All workers ............................................................. 42 44 67 72 78 85 85

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 52 62 76 77 92 94 92

Management, business, and financial ............... 63 63 92 93 95 97 97

Professional and related .................................... 47 61 69 69 91 93 90

Teachers ........................................................ 12 62 18 15 90 91 77

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 11 78 16 13 97 99 87

Registered nurses ......................................... 65 67 87 88 92 94 94

Service ................................................................... 27 27 53 52 63 72 70

Protective service .............................................. 43 42 79 79 85 88 86

Sales and office ..................................................... 48 47 72 77 79 85 88

Sales and related ............................................... 40 38 58 64 67 76 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 53 52 80 85 85 91 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 32 30 62 74 71 85 84

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 24 22 49 60 63 78 77

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 41 39 75 88 80 92 92

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 38 36 66 81 74 88 88

Production ......................................................... 37 33 66 87 72 90 92

Transportation and material moving .................. 39 39 66 75 75 85 85

Full time ................................................................. 50 53 79 84 88 95 94

Part time ................................................................ 16 16 30 32 47 56 56

Union ..................................................................... 48 61 71 73 94 95 92

Nonunion ............................................................... 41 42 67 71 76 84 84

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 23 23 42 48 53 65 66

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 11 11 25 32 33 49 53

Second 25 percent ............................................ 44 44 73 77 81 89 88

Third 25 percent ................................................ 52 53 83 88 91 96 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 53 62 77 79 93 96 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 54 62 80 80 95 97 93

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 38 36 69 85 76 92 92

Service-providing industries .................................. 42 46 67 69 78 84 83

Education and health services ........................... 44 58 67 66 88 91 88

Educational services ...................................... 23 60 40 37 91 92 83

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 17 71 27 23 94 94 84

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 36 42 69 69 92 92 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 57 57 83 84 86 91 92

Hospitals .................................................... 66 66 93 93 95 95 95

Public administration ......................................... 53 53 90 90 93 93 92

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 175
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 33 35 58 64 68 78 79

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 32 32 58 63 66 77 77

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 37 42 61 65 73 82 83

100 workers or more .............................................. 50 54 76 79 88 93 91

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 47 49 73 78 84 91 90

500 workers or more .......................................... 54 59 79 81 92 95 92

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 49 52 68 70 81 85 84

New England ..................................................... 49 53 67 68 85 88 85

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 51 68 70 80 85 84

South ..................................................................... 40 43 65 72 74 83 85

South Atlantic .................................................... 41 44 66 73 73 83 84

East South Central ............................................ 38 40 60 73 71 82 85

West South Central ........................................... 40 44 67 71 78 85 86

Midwest ................................................................. 40 42 62 69 72 82 83

East North Central ............................................. 40 42 61 70 70 82 82

West North Central ............................................ 40 43 66 69 76 83 84

West ...................................................................... 40 42 75 74 87 92 87

Mountain ............................................................ 46 49 71 74 78 86 88

Pacific ................................................................ 37 39 77 75 92 94 86

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 176
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.6 2.1 0.4 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.7 3.6 2.2 1.6 1.8 1.0 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 3.6 3.8 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.1 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.1

Production ......................................................... 2.1 2.0 2.6 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.2 1.2 1.5 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.6 0.9 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 2.7 2.7 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8

Public administration ......................................... 2.4 2.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 177
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 2.9 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.4 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 3.6 4.2 3.9 2.8 4.0 3.3 2.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.2 3.8 2.6 2.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.5 1.4 1.3 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 0.7 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 3.3 3.3 1.8 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.3 1.5 0.8 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 178
Table 1. Establishments offering retirement and healthcare benefits: private

industry workers, March 2019

(All establishments = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

All establishments .................................................. 51 8 49 56

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 40 8 39 51

Construction ...................................................... 33 8 30 43

Manufacturing .................................................... 51 6 50 64

Service-providing industries .................................. 52 8 50 56

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 52 7 51 59

Wholesale trade ............................................. 67 – 67 78

Retail trade .................................................... 46 4 45 50

Transportation and warehousing ................... 46 – 45 57

Utilities ........................................................... 100 – 100 98

Information ......................................................... 46 – 46 67

Financial activities ............................................. 60 21 59 67

Finance and insurance .................................. 79 34 78 79

Credit intermediation and related activities 92 47 92 96

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 61 18 59 56

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 31 – 31 49

Professional and business services .................. 53 3 53 65

Professional and technical services .............. 61 – 61 74

Administrative and waste services ................ 37 – 36 46

Education and health services ........................... 66 – 59 50

Educational services ...................................... 49 – 46 54

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 94 – 94 99

Health care and social assistance ................. 67 – 60 49

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 30 – 30 43

Accommodation and food services ................ 29 – 29 40

Other services ................................................... 33 – 33 51

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 49 7 47 54

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 48 7 46 52

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 12 76 87

100 workers or more .............................................. 88 21 86 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 87 21 84 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 95 – 94 97

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 179
Table 1. Establishments offering retirement and healthcare benefits: private

industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All establishments = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 49 8 48 63

New England ..................................................... 60 – 59 67

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 46 8 45 61

South ..................................................................... 45 6 45 53

South Atlantic .................................................... 52 7 52 55

East South Central ............................................ 42 5 42 57

West South Central ........................................... 34 5 33 47

Midwest ................................................................. 57 8 57 54

East North Central ............................................. 53 9 52 53

West North Central ............................................ 66 8 66 56

West ...................................................................... 54 – 48 56

Mountain ............................................................ 59 – 43 42

Pacific ................................................................ 51 7 50 63

1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the

individual items because some employers offered both types of plans.

Note: Dash indicates no establishments in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 180
Table 1. Standard errors for establishments offering retirement and healthcare

benefits: private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

All establishments .................................................. 1.8 1.3 1.9 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.9 1.0 2.8 3.3

Construction ...................................................... 3.3 1.3 3.1 4.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 4.8 1.1 4.7 6.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.0 1.4 2.1 2.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.4 1.0 2.3 2.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 7.6 – 7.6 7.3

Retail trade .................................................... 3.4 0.6 3.3 3.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6.1 – 6.4 6.1

Utilities ........................................................... 0.0 – 0.0 2.1

Information ......................................................... 10.9 – 10.9 11.9

Financial activities ............................................. 3.4 1.8 3.3 3.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.4 2.3 3.5 2.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 7.7 3.6 7.7 4.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.8 – 5.8 8.4

Professional and business services .................. 4.4 0.7 4.4 5.6

Professional and technical services .............. 5.4 – 5.4 5.9

Administrative and waste services ................ 7.8 – 7.8 9.7

Education and health services ........................... 5.6 – 6.7 6.6

Educational services ...................................... 13.3 – 12.7 14.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.6 – 5.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.8 – 7.0 7.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.3 – 4.3 4.3

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.3 – 4.4 4.2

Other services ................................................... 7.2 – 7.2 9.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.3 1.9 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 1.7 3.0 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.3 – 2.5 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 181
Table 1. Standard errors for establishments offering retirement and healthcare

benefits: private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.9 1.0 2.8 4.9

New England ..................................................... 4.2 – 4.4 6.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.5 0.9 3.3 6.2

South ..................................................................... 3.2 0.6 3.1 3.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 5.2 0.9 5.2 5.1

East South Central ............................................ 3.6 1.0 3.6 9.9

West South Central ........................................... 5.1 1.0 4.7 4.7

Midwest ................................................................. 3.2 1.2 3.1 4.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 1.6 2.5 4.7

West North Central ............................................ 6.3 1.9 6.3 9.4

West ...................................................................... 4.1 – 4.7 4.2

Mountain ............................................................ 8.0 – 11.3 5.5

Pacific ................................................................ 4.4 1.9 4.0 5.2

1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans.

Note: Dash indicates no establishments in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 182
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 67 52 77 16 12 76 64 47 74

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 84 72 86 23 18 76 81 69 84

Management, business, and financial ............... 87 77 89 24 19 79 86 74 87

Professional and related .................................... 82 69 85 23 17 74 79 65 83

Service ................................................................... 43 25 58 7 6 83 39 21 54

Protective service .............................................. 61 39 64 – – – 57 35 61

Sales and office ..................................................... 72 54 74 14 9 65 69 51 73

Sales and related ............................................... 68 44 65 10 5 54 66 42 64

Office and administrative support ...................... 75 60 80 18 12 69 72 57 79

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 47 76 18 16 92 56 40 72

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 57 44 77 20 19 97 50 36 72

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 65 49 75 16 14 85 62 45 72

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 72 55 77 20 15 77 65 48 74

Production ......................................................... 73 58 79 18 14 77 71 54 76

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 52 74 22 17 77 59 42 71

Full time ................................................................. 77 61 80 19 15 77 73 57 77

Part time ................................................................ 39 22 57 8 5 65 35 19 54

Union ..................................................................... 91 82 90 66 57 87 58 48 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 49 75 11 8 70 64 47 73

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 43 23 54 5 3 56 40 21 52

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 31 13 43 2 1 60 30 13 42

Second 25 percent ............................................ 67 49 73 12 8 71 63 45 71

Third 25 percent ................................................ 80 66 82 20 16 78 75 60 80

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 87 77 89 32 26 80 82 71 86

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 79 90 33 25 78 85 74 87

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 76 61 80 21 17 83 73 56 77

Construction ...................................................... 57 44 76 15 14 99 50 36 72

Manufacturing .................................................... 85 69 81 24 18 77 84 66 79

Service-providing industries .................................. 66 50 76 15 11 74 62 45 73

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 76 54 71 17 12 69 68 47 68

Wholesale trade ............................................. 78 63 81 10 8 73 77 61 79

Retail trade .................................................... 72 44 61 12 6 54 66 39 59

Transportation and warehousing ................... 80 66 82 32 25 78 63 50 80

Utilities ........................................................... 99 94 95 69 60 87 99 86 87

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 183
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 81 72 90 23 19 79 81 70 87

Financial activities ............................................. 82 74 90 36 26 72 82 71 87

Finance and insurance .................................. 93 86 93 47 34 72 92 83 89

Credit intermediation and related activities 94 88 93 49 32 66 94 84 90

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 91 83 91 45 37 83 90 79 88

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 52 41 78 6 4 73 52 40 77

Professional and business services .................. 64 53 82 13 10 76 63 50 80

Professional and technical services .............. 82 67 82 13 10 75 82 65 80

Administrative and waste services ................ 37 27 75 5 4 77 34 25 73

Education and health services ........................... 72 57 80 17 13 74 68 52 77

Educational services ...................................... 73 61 84 16 13 83 66 54 81

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 81 91 16 12 74 87 78 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 72 57 79 17 13 73 68 52 77

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 35 16 46 3 3 100 33 13 41

Accommodation and food services ................ 35 14 41 3 3 100 33 12 37

Other services ................................................... 47 35 74 10 10 95 44 31 71

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 54 38 71 7 6 76 52 36 69

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 50 36 72 6 5 77 48 34 71

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 67 46 69 10 7 74 63 42 67

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 68 81 27 20 76 78 61 78

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 61 76 16 13 77 75 55 73

500 workers or more .......................................... 89 78 88 42 32 75 82 69 84

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 67 55 81 21 17 81 62 49 79

New England ..................................................... 70 57 82 21 18 83 66 53 80

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 66 54 81 20 17 81 60 47 79

South ..................................................................... 66 47 71 14 10 72 63 44 69

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 48 72 17 12 69 64 44 69

East South Central ............................................ 67 46 69 15 11 75 67 44 66

West South Central ........................................... 62 45 73 10 8 81 61 43 71

Midwest ................................................................. 70 54 78 16 13 79 66 50 76

East North Central ............................................. 69 54 79 17 13 79 66 51 77

West North Central ............................................ 71 54 75 14 11 78 68 49 73

West ...................................................................... 68 54 79 16 11 72 63 49 77

Mountain ............................................................ 73 60 82 16 11 69 67 54 80

Pacific ................................................................ 66 51 78 16 11 74 61 46 75

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 184
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2019

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.5 2.2 1.0 1.0 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 2.5 1.6 1.3 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.1 2.5 0.7 0.6 2.6 1.9 1.2 2.5

Protective service .............................................. 7.8 6.3 9.8 – – – 8.5 6.9 10.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.5 2.1 1.0 1.1 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.7 4.1 1.6 1.2 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.7 2.3 1.4 1.3 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.3 2.6 2.6 1.9 1.9 0.8 2.6 2.5 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.2 3.1 2.3 1.9 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.1

Production ......................................................... 2.5 2.3 1.2 1.3 0.9 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.4 2.0 2.8 2.1 2.0 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.5 2.9 1.4 0.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.2 0.9 2.7 2.5 1.3 2.4 1.9 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.4 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.3 3.4 1.6 0.9 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 1.3 2.3 0.5 0.4 8.8 2.2 1.2 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.8 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 2.6 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.7 0.9 2.7 2.3 2.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.9 1.3 1.1 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.8 2.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 5.0 2.6 2.4 1.6

Retail trade .................................................... 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.6 2.8 1.4 1.1 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.8 2.6 1.6 3.9 3.3 2.5 4.0 3.4 1.7

Utilities ........................................................... 0.9 1.4 0.9 7.5 7.0 2.0 0.9 1.9 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 185
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 3.0 3.1 1.4 2.6 2.3 3.9 3.0 3.0 1.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.7 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.9 1.5 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.9 1.1 0.7 2.3 1.9 2.4 0.9 1.2 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 1.6 1.5 3.3 2.6 2.5 1.7 1.4 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.4 4.3 4.1 1.8 1.3 15.4 4.4 4.2 4.0

Professional and business services .................. 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.4 4.7 2.3 1.8 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.6 2.2 7.5 2.8 2.9 3.2

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.4 2.2 4.3 1.6 1.3 10.5 2.5 2.2 4.4

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.3 3.3 2.8 2.2 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.9 0.9 1.3 1.0 3.8 1.8 1.8 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 2.2 1.3 1.8 1.4 3.7 3.2 2.5 1.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.4 1.4 3.1 0.7 0.7 0.0 2.5 1.4 3.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.7 1.5 3.4 0.6 0.6 0.0 2.8 1.4 3.2

Other services ................................................... 4.9 4.7 3.5 2.3 2.1 3.2 4.9 4.4 3.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5 2.3 1.3 1.0 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.5 2.1 1.4 1.1 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.2 0.9 6.1 2.6 2.0 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.8 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 2.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.0

New England ..................................................... 3.4 3.0 1.5 1.9 1.8 5.5 3.1 2.8 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 2.4 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.4 2.9 2.5 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.9 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.0

East South Central ............................................ 4.5 6.1 4.4 2.9 2.3 3.1 4.9 5.8 3.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 2.2 1.6 1.1 0.9 2.6 2.4 2.1 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 2.7 1.9 1.9 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 3.8 2.1 1.7 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.8 1.6 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.0 1.7 1.7 1.2 3.1 2.2 1.2 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.3 1.5 3.7 2.6 6.6 3.5 2.4 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 1.3 2.3 1.8 1.3 3.3 2.8 1.3 2.2

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 186
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, private industry

workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 13 4 51

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 21 2 60

Management, business, and financial ............... 23 1 63

Professional and related .................................... 20 3 59

Service ................................................................... 3 4 36

Protective service .............................................. – – 50

Sales and office ..................................................... 12 3 58

Sales and related ............................................... 7 3 58

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 3 58

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 5 43

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 12 7 38

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 13 3 49

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 7 52

Production ......................................................... 15 2 55

Transportation and material moving .................. 11 11 48

Full time ................................................................. 15 4 58

Part time ................................................................ 4 4 31

Union ..................................................................... 32 33 25

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 1 54

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 2 38

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 1 29

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 4 56

Third 25 percent ................................................ 16 5 60

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 27 4 55

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 30 3 55

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 17 3 56

Construction ...................................................... 7 7 43

Manufacturing .................................................... 22 1 61

Service-providing industries .................................. 12 4 50

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10 7 59

Wholesale trade ............................................. 9 2 68

Retail trade .................................................... 6 6 61

Transportation and warehousing ................... 15 18 48

Utilities ........................................................... 69 – 30

Information ......................................................... 23 – 57

Financial activities ............................................. 35 2 ( ) 46

Finance and insurance .................................. 46 – 46

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 187
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

Credit intermediation and related activities 48 – 46

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 44 – 46

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5 – 47

Professional and business services .................. 11 2 51

Professional and technical services .............. 12 – 69

Administrative and waste services ................ 3 2 32

Education and health services ........................... 13 4 55

Educational services ...................................... 9 7 57

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14 2 73

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 4 55

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 3 32

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2 32

Other services ................................................... 8 2 37

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 47

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 1 43

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 3 57

100 workers or more .............................................. 21 6 57

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 11 5 64

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 7 47

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 6 47

New England ..................................................... 17 4 49

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 15 6 46

South ..................................................................... 12 2 51

South Atlantic .................................................... 14 3 50

East South Central ............................................ 14 – 53

West South Central ........................................... 9 2 52

Midwest ................................................................. 13 3 54

East North Central ............................................. 14 3 52

West North Central ............................................ 10 4 57

West ...................................................................... 11 5 52

Mountain ............................................................ 10 6 57

Pacific ................................................................ 11 4 50

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 188
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.4 1.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.7 1.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 0.5 1.9

Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.6 1.8

Protective service .............................................. – – 8.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.3 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 0.4 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 0.8 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.2 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.2 0.8 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9 1.7

Production ......................................................... 1.2 0.4 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.7 2.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.3 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.6 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.4 2.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.3 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.3 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.5 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.6 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 0.7 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.5 1.5

Construction ...................................................... 1.3 1.3 2.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 0.3 1.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.4 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.7 0.8 1.5

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.5 0.7 2.9

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.7 1.6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.3 2.7 4.4

Utilities ........................................................... 7.5 – 7.5

Information ......................................................... 2.6 – 3.3

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 0.2 1.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.9 – 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 189
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.4 – 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 – 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.4 – 4.4

Professional and business services .................. 1.6 0.6 2.5

Professional and technical services .............. 2.6 – 4.3

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.3 0.9 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.0 2.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 2.3 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 0.6 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 1.2 2.9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 0.5 2.6

Accommodation and food services ................ – 0.6 2.8

Other services ................................................... 2.2 0.7 4.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.3 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.4 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 0.7 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.5 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.6 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.9 1.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.8

New England ..................................................... 2.2 1.0 3.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 0.9 2.6

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.3 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 0.4 2.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 – 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.5 2.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 0.6 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 0.5 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 1.5 2.7

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.0 2.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 2.3 4.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 0.9 3.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 190
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, private

industry workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 62 21 3 14

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 55 24 4 17

Management, business, and financial ............... 59 19 2 20

Professional and related .................................... 53 28 4 15

Service ................................................................... 81 – – 7

Protective service .............................................. 84 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 57 23 3 17

Sales and related ............................................... 59 18 1 22

Office and administrative support ...................... 56 24 4 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 78 14 2 6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 89 7 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 64 23 3 9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 60 24 5 11

Production ......................................................... 41 33 7 19

Transportation and material moving .................. 75 17 – –

Full time ................................................................. 61 21 3 15

Part time ................................................................ 72 22 – –

Union ..................................................................... 79 15 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 50 26 5 19

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 65 22 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 55 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 65 17 5 13

Third 25 percent ................................................ 59 24 3 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 62 21 3 14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 59 22 3 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 51 26 7 16

Construction ...................................................... 95 – – 4

Manufacturing .................................................... 31 38 11 21

Service-providing industries .................................. 65 20 2 13

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 69 24 2 5

Wholesale trade ............................................. 61 25 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 70 23 – 7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 74 22 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 57 34 4 6

Information ......................................................... 34 47 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 50 22 3 25

Finance and insurance .................................. 48 23 3 26

Credit intermediation and related activities 49 16 3 32

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 52 31 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 96 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 72 – – 17

Professional and technical services .............. 77 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 191
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, private

industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

Administrative and waste services ................ 71 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 64 22 – –

Educational services ...................................... 57 33 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 56 35 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 65 20 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 95 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 94 – – –

Other services ................................................... 92 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 70 15 2 13

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 14 1 16

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 17 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 59 23 4 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 64 22 5 9

500 workers or more .......................................... 56 24 3 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 65 18 2 15

New England ..................................................... 61 18 2 19

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 66 18 2 14

South ..................................................................... 57 26 5 12

South Atlantic .................................................... 61 23 5 11

East South Central ............................................ 45 39 8 8

West South Central ........................................... 55 24 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 61 22 3 13

East North Central ............................................. 60 24 – –

West North Central ............................................ 64 17 – –

West ...................................................................... 66 18 3 14

Mountain ............................................................ 64 20 3 13

Pacific ................................................................ 67 17 2 14

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 192
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.7 1.3 0.5 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.9 1.9 0.9 2.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.9 2.3 0.6 2.8

Professional and related .................................... 3.5 2.8 1.3 2.2

Service ................................................................... 5.4 – – 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 9.9 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.4 1.9 0.5 1.8

Sales and related ............................................... 5.7 3.5 0.7 4.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.7 2.0 0.6 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.6 0.7 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.3 1.1 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4.1 3.2 1.6 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.5 2.5 1.2 1.6

Production ......................................................... 3.8 3.5 1.4 3.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.8 3.0 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.8 1.3 0.5 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 4.9 4.7 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.3 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.6 1.7 0.8 1.8

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.0 4.9 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 16.3 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.5 2.1 1.3 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 2.0 0.7 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 1.6 0.6 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.1 2.6 0.9 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.0 2.2 1.3 1.7

Construction ...................................................... 1.0 – – 0.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 3.2 2.7 1.8 2.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.9 1.4 0.5 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3.2 2.6 0.8 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6.7 5.3 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 3.7 3.4 – 1.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.1 4.7 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 4.0 4.2 1.5 2.2

Information ......................................................... 7.6 7.5 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.1 1.9 0.5 2.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.5 2.0 0.5 2.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 4.0 2.5 0.8 4.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.3 2.6 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.7 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 193
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

Professional and business services .................. 6.0 – – 5.1

Professional and technical services .............. 8.9 – – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 12.8 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 4.9 3.8 – –

Educational services ...................................... 5.7 5.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.7 2.8 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.5 4.3 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.9 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.6 – – –

Other services ................................................... 5.5 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.4 1.5 0.6 2.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.5 2.0 0.4 3.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.4 3.6 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.2 1.6 0.6 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 2.4 1.0 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.2 2.0 0.8 1.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.0 2.4 0.7 1.5

New England ..................................................... 3.4 3.7 0.8 3.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.0 2.8 0.9 1.8

South ..................................................................... 3.1 2.4 0.8 1.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.3 3.1 1.1 2.2

East South Central ............................................ 7.3 7.5 2.1 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 4.7 2.6 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 3.7 2.2 1.4 3.0

East North Central ............................................. 4.5 2.9 – –

West North Central ............................................ 6.3 1.9 – –

West ...................................................................... 3.5 2.9 0.7 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 5.4 5.4 1.4 3.6

Pacific ................................................................ 4.3 3.5 0.8 2.2

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 194
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 90

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 91

Professional and related .................................... – – 89

Service ................................................................... – – 64

Protective service .............................................. – – 90

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 91

Sales and related ............................................... – – 96

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 90

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 13 87

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 4 96

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 84

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 13 87

Production ......................................................... – – 86

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 88

Full time ................................................................. – – 89

Part time ................................................................ – – 78

Union ..................................................................... – 11 89

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 88

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 74

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 87

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 90

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 93

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 9 91

Construction ...................................................... – – 100

Manufacturing .................................................... – 9 91

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 87

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 9 91

Wholesale trade ............................................. – – 96

Retail trade .................................................... – – 100

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 195
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

Transportation and warehousing ................... – – 88

Utilities ........................................................... – 23 77

Information ......................................................... – – 95

Financial activities ............................................. – – 87

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 87

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 91

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 81

Professional and business services .................. – 6 94

Professional and technical services .............. – – 93

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 100

Education and health services ........................... – 25 75

Educational services ...................................... – – 85

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 87

Health care and social assistance ................. – 27 73

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 84

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 92

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 89

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 87

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 90

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 14 86

New England ..................................................... – – 82

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 13 87

South ..................................................................... – 8 92

South Atlantic .................................................... – 4 96

East South Central ............................................ – – 82

West South Central ........................................... – – 91

Midwest ................................................................. – – 87

East North Central ............................................. – – 89

West North Central ............................................ – – 84

West ...................................................................... – – 84

Mountain ............................................................ – – 91

Pacific ................................................................ – – 81

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2018 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2014 and 2017 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2014 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 196
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 1.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 1.9

Professional and related .................................... – – 1.6

Service ................................................................... – – 11.6

Protective service .............................................. – – 8.7

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.7

Sales and related ............................................... – – 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 3.8 3.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 2.0 2.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 5.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 3.3 3.3

Production ......................................................... – – 4.3

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 4.8

Full time ................................................................. – – 1.5

Part time ................................................................ – – 6.8

Union ..................................................................... – 2.4 2.4

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 1.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 12.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 2.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 2.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 2.6 2.6

Construction ...................................................... – – 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... – 2.7 2.7

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 1.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 2.2 2.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. – – 3.4

Retail trade .................................................... – – 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 197
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

Transportation and warehousing ................... – – 5.6

Utilities ........................................................... – 5.7 5.7

Information ......................................................... – – 3.3

Financial activities ............................................. – – 2.5

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 2.5

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 3.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 3.7

Professional and business services .................. – 3.0 3.0

Professional and technical services .............. – – 4.2

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 6.1 6.1

Educational services ...................................... – – 7.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. – 7.2 7.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 5.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 6.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 3.6

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 3.4

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 3.2 3.2

New England ..................................................... – – 8.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.0 3.0

South ..................................................................... – 2.7 2.7

South Atlantic .................................................... – 1.1 1.1

East South Central ............................................ – – 10.1

West South Central ........................................... – – 5.4

Midwest ................................................................. – – 3.1

East North Central ............................................. – – 3.4

West North Central ............................................ – – 6.8

West ...................................................................... – – 3.2

Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ – – 4.5

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2018 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2014 and 2017 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2014 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 198
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private industry workers, March

2019

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 8 92 12 20 37 33

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 6 94 12 17 43 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97 8 16 49 34

Professional and related .................................... 8 92 15 18 39 31

Sales and office ..................................................... 11 89 7 16 41 32

Sales and related ............................................... 19 81 2 7 47 33

Office and administrative support ...................... 9 91 8 19 40 32

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6 94 14 32 27 35

Production ......................................................... – 100 8 37 36 36

Transportation and material moving .................. 18 82 25 21 – 33

Full time ................................................................. 6 94 13 21 39 32

Part time ................................................................ 30 70 6 – 14 38

Union ..................................................................... 4 96 18 36 20 26

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 91 11 16 41 34

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 27 73 – – 36 21

Second 25 percent ............................................ 9 91 12 21 39 35

Third 25 percent ................................................ 7 93 13 24 26 36

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5 95 12 19 43 31

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 97 8 20 49 32

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2 98 10 29 44 36

Construction ...................................................... – 100 82 – – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 2 98 7 31 46 37

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 90 13 17 34 31

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 21 79 20 16 22 28

Wholesale trade ............................................. 14 86 – – – 41

Retail trade .................................................... 42 58 – 13 24 28

Financial activities ............................................. 4 96 5 15 54 24

Finance and insurance .................................. 4 96 5 15 54 25

Professional and business services:

Professional and technical services ............. – 100 – – 67 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 199
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 94 12 13 31 41

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 94 12 12 28 43

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 92 12 22 38 31

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 87 16 22 31 30

500 workers or more .......................................... 5 95 10 23 41 31

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 94 10 13 34 41

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 93 – 16 32 37

South ..................................................................... 9 91 8 26 34 37

South Atlantic .................................................... 15 85 7 21 37 34

West South Central ........................................... 6 94 – 25 32 44

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95 22 24 26 29

East North Central ............................................. 3 97 20 27 23 31

West ...................................................................... 10 90 10 15 57 19

Pacific ................................................................ 11 89 7 19 59 19

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 200
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

 Plan alternatives, private

industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 1.7 2.5 2.0 3.2 2.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 1.1 1.9 2.6 3.9 3.9

Professional and related .................................... 2.5 2.5 3.6 2.5 3.9 3.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.0 2.2 2.9 3.2

Sales and related ............................................... 4.0 4.0 0.7 1.8 5.6 6.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.7 1.3 2.9 3.2 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 2.0 2.8 4.4 3.3 5.4

Production ......................................................... – 0.0 1.8 5.4 4.6 6.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 5.2 5.2 6.3 5.7 – 6.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3

Part time ................................................................ 5.5 5.5 2.2 – 4.0 8.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 3.0 5.1 2.7 4.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.5 2.5 2.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6.3 6.3 – – 6.9 6.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 2.2 2.5 3.6 3.4 3.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 1.7 2.3 3.2 2.6 3.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.8 2.7 2.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.1 1.7 3.2 3.6 3.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.6 0.6 2.3 3.6 3.3 4.8

Construction ...................................................... – 0.0 12.7 – – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.7 0.7 2.6 3.6 3.7 5.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.6 2.5 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3.5 3.5 4.6 2.1 2.9 4.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4.2 4.2 – – – 11.2

Retail trade .................................................... 5.9 5.9 – 3.5 4.2 5.6

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.7 0.8 2.3 3.0 1.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.7 1.7 0.8 2.3 3.1 1.9

Professional and business services:

Professional and technical services ............. – 0.0 – – 15.8 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 201
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private

industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.3 4.0 5.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 2.3 3.2 3.0 4.7 7.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.3 2.3 2.9 3.5 3.4 4.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.5 2.1 2.3 3.2 2.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.6 4.6 4.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 2.3 – 2.0 5.1 5.2

South ..................................................................... 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.6 3.3 3.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.9 3.9 1.8 3.0 4.6 4.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.2 2.2 – 6.1 7.9 4.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.7 4.0 4.4 4.1 5.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.4 5.1 5.5 5.1 6.9

West ...................................................................... 2.0 2.0 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 2.1 1.9 4.0 3.7 4.4

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 202
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, private

industry workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 69 31 83 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 67 33 83 17

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 30 85 15

Professional and related .................................... 65 35 82 18

Service ................................................................... 70 30 85 15

Protective service .............................................. – – 96 4

Sales and office ..................................................... 73 27 85 15

Sales and related ............................................... 78 22 86 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 71 29 84 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 67 33 81 19

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 58 42 76 24

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 26 86 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 70 30 81 19

Production ......................................................... 71 29 81 19

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 31 81 19

Full time ................................................................. 69 31 83 17

Part time ................................................................ 73 27 85 15

Union ..................................................................... 61 39 76 24

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 30 84 16

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 23 85 15

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 74 26 83 17

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 29 85 15

Third 25 percent ................................................ 68 32 82 18

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 33 82 18

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 34 83 17

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 68 32 81 19

Construction ...................................................... 61 39 79 21

Manufacturing .................................................... 68 32 80 20

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 30 84 16

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 74 26 84 16

Wholesale trade ............................................. 74 26 88 12

Retail trade .................................................... 78 22 85 15

Transportation and warehousing ................... 67 33 78 22

Utilities ........................................................... 82 18 88 12

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 203
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, private

industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

Information ......................................................... 78 22 92 8

Financial activities ............................................. 66 34 79 21

Finance and insurance .................................. 67 33 78 22

Credit intermediation and related activities 65 35 75 25

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 73 27 82 18

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 61 39 86 14

Professional and business services .................. 72 28 89 11

Professional and technical services .............. 69 31 84 16

Administrative and waste services ................ 79 21 94 6

Education and health services ........................... 62 38 81 19

Educational services ...................................... 62 38 92 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 55 45 88 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 38 79 21

Other services ................................................... 57 43 83 17

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 69 31 83 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 32 83 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 29 85 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 30 83 17

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 27 85 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 34 81 19

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 37 81 19

New England ..................................................... 63 37 80 20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 63 37 81 19

South ..................................................................... 73 27 82 18

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 29 81 19

East South Central ............................................ 75 25 81 19

West South Central ........................................... 76 24 85 15

Midwest ................................................................. 70 30 84 16

East North Central ............................................. 69 31 84 16

West North Central ............................................ 72 28 83 17

West ...................................................................... 69 31 86 14

Mountain ............................................................ 72 28 87 13

Pacific ................................................................ 68 32 86 14

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 204
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2

Service ................................................................... 3.0 3.0 1.9 1.9

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.4 1.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.7 3.7 3.1 3.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... 2.7 2.7 1.2 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.7 3.7 3.0 3.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 4.1 4.1 3.2 3.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.7 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.1

Utilities ........................................................... 3.4 3.4 2.4 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 205
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

Information ......................................................... 2.7 2.7 1.9 1.9

Financial activities ............................................. 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.9 2.9 1.4 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 2.7 1.5 1.5

Professional and technical services .............. 4.2 4.2 2.6 2.6

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.0 4.0 2.2 2.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.7 1.1 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.3 2.3 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 2.7 2.0 2.0

Other services ................................................... 6.9 6.9 4.2 4.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 2.9 2.3 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.8

New England ..................................................... 3.2 3.2 2.0 2.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.6

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 5.0 5.0 2.0 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.4 1.3 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.1 1.4 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 206
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry

workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 69 55 79 69 49 71

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 74 85 86 65 75

Management, business, and financial ............... 94 79 84 94 70 75

Professional and related .................................... 83 71 85 82 62 76

Service ................................................................... 44 30 68 43 26 59

Protective service .............................................. 55 33 61 55 30 55

Sales and office ..................................................... 68 52 77 67 47 70

Sales and related ............................................... 55 39 71 54 35 65

Office and administrative support ...................... 77 61 79 76 54 72

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 60 83 72 56 77

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 68 56 81 68 53 77

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 77 64 84 77 59 77

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 76 61 80 76 55 73

Production ......................................................... 81 66 82 81 60 74

Transportation and material moving .................. 72 57 79 72 51 71

Full time ................................................................. 85 69 81 84 61 73

Part time ................................................................ 23 14 60 21 12 55

Union ..................................................................... 94 82 87 94 76 82

Nonunion ............................................................... 67 52 78 66 46 70

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 23 63 36 21 59

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 24 14 59 24 13 55

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 54 76 70 48 68

Third 25 percent ................................................ 86 72 83 86 65 75

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 80 87 91 70 77

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 83 88 94 72 77

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 85 72 84 85 65 76

Construction ...................................................... 71 58 82 71 54 77

Manufacturing .................................................... 92 78 85 91 70 76

Service-providing industries .................................. 66 52 78 65 46 70

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 69 52 75 68 46 68

Wholesale trade ............................................. 87 72 83 87 65 75

Retail trade .................................................... 57 37 65 55 33 61

Transportation and warehousing ................... 83 69 83 82 61 75

Utilities ........................................................... 98 91 93 98 80 82

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 207
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 43 33 77 26 20 80 67 48 71

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 62 48 78 37 30 81 85 64 75

Management, business, and financial ............... 64 50 78 36 30 82 92 69 75

Professional and related .................................... 60 47 78 37 30 81 81 61 75

Service ................................................................... 24 17 69 14 10 74 42 25 59

Protective service .............................................. 22 14 63 – 8 – 46 30 64

Sales and office ..................................................... 39 30 76 22 18 79 66 46 69

Sales and related ............................................... 28 20 72 15 11 78 52 34 65

Office and administrative support ...................... 47 37 77 28 22 79 75 54 71

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 36 31 85 26 22 85 71 55 77

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 31 26 85 23 20 90 68 52 77

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 42 35 84 29 23 81 75 58 77

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 46 37 80 29 23 79 75 55 73

Production ......................................................... 49 40 82 30 24 81 79 59 74

Transportation and material moving .................. 44 35 79 29 23 78 71 50 71

Full time ................................................................. 53 41 78 32 26 81 83 60 73

Part time ................................................................ 12 8 67 8 5 69 21 11 54

Union ..................................................................... 72 61 85 56 46 83 92 75 81

Nonunion ............................................................... 40 30 76 23 18 79 65 46 70

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 11 67 9 6 68 35 21 59

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10 7 69 6 4 62 23 13 55

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 30 76 23 19 80 69 47 68

Third 25 percent ................................................ 55 43 78 34 27 80 84 63 75

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 55 81 42 35 83 90 70 77

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 73 59 81 46 38 82 93 72 77

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 52 44 85 33 28 84 84 64 76

Construction ...................................................... 32 27 85 22 20 90 70 54 77

Manufacturing .................................................... 62 52 84 39 32 82 90 69 76

Service-providing industries .................................. 41 31 75 24 19 79 64 45 70

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 36 27 75 22 17 76 67 46 69

Wholesale trade ............................................. 50 39 78 36 27 77 85 64 75

Retail trade .................................................... 23 15 65 12 9 71 54 32 61

Transportation and warehousing ................... 56 46 81 35 28 79 81 61 75

Utilities ........................................................... 61 55 90 44 40 90 97 80 82

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 208
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 90 79 88 90 70 78

Financial activities ............................................. 86 73 85 86 66 76

Finance and insurance .................................. 94 81 86 94 72 77

Credit intermediation and related activities 96 81 85 96 73 76

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 91 80 88 90 71 78

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 65 52 80 65 48 73

Professional and business services .................. 71 57 80 71 51 72

Professional and technical services .............. 86 74 86 86 64 75

Administrative and waste services ................ 48 34 70 48 30 63

Education and health services ........................... 72 57 80 71 49 69

Educational services ...................................... 75 62 82 74 53 72

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 76 84 91 68 75

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 57 79 70 48 69

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 36 23 64 36 21 59

Accommodation and food services ................ 35 22 62 35 20 58

Other services ................................................... 51 41 80 51 39 77

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 43 77 55 38 70

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 51 40 78 51 36 70

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 52 74 69 47 68

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 70 81 85 62 73

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 83 65 78 81 58 71

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 76 85 89 67 75

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 69 55 80 69 49 71

New England ..................................................... 71 59 83 71 51 72

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 68 54 79 68 48 71

South ..................................................................... 68 52 76 67 47 69

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 51 76 67 46 69

East South Central ............................................ 70 54 77 70 48 69

West South Central ........................................... 68 52 76 68 47 69

Midwest ................................................................. 68 54 79 67 48 71

East North Central ............................................. 68 54 79 67 48 72

West North Central ............................................ 68 54 79 68 47 69

West ...................................................................... 73 61 83 72 54 75

Mountain ............................................................ 72 59 82 72 53 74

Pacific ................................................................ 73 61 84 72 54 75

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 209
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 72 60 84 56 45 80 89 70 78

Financial activities ............................................. 64 50 79 31 23 75 85 65 77

Finance and insurance .................................. 75 59 79 35 26 74 92 71 77

Credit intermediation and related activities 79 62 79 36 27 73 95 72 76

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 68 53 77 34 24 72 90 70 78

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 33 26 80 21 17 80 64 47 74

Professional and business services .................. 44 33 75 30 24 80 69 50 72

Professional and technical services .............. 60 46 76 41 34 82 85 63 74

Administrative and waste services ................ 22 15 70 18 14 79 46 30 65

Education and health services ........................... 48 36 73 25 21 81 69 48 69

Educational services ...................................... 48 36 74 27 20 73 74 53 72

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 63 49 78 34 23 67 90 68 75

Health care and social assistance ................. 48 36 73 25 21 82 68 47 68

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 19 14 73 11 8 74 35 21 59

Accommodation and food services ................ 18 13 72 12 8 71 34 20 57

Other services ................................................... 26 21 79 15 13 86 51 39 77

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 30 23 77 18 14 80 54 37 70

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 21 78 17 14 82 49 35 71

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 38 29 76 22 17 76 67 45 67

100 workers or more .............................................. 58 45 78 35 28 80 84 61 73

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 51 38 75 30 24 78 81 57 71

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 54 80 42 34 81 89 67 75

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 45 36 79 25 20 81 68 48 71

New England ..................................................... 46 36 78 19 15 78 68 49 72

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 45 35 79 27 22 82 68 48 71

South ..................................................................... 36 27 75 20 16 76 67 46 69

South Atlantic .................................................... 36 27 74 20 15 77 66 46 70

East South Central ............................................ 34 27 80 21 16 77 69 48 69

West South Central ........................................... 36 26 72 22 16 75 66 46 69

Midwest ................................................................. 42 32 76 24 18 77 66 47 71

East North Central ............................................. 41 32 77 24 19 77 66 47 71

West North Central ............................................ 43 32 74 22 17 77 67 46 69

West ...................................................................... 53 42 80 36 31 84 70 52 74

Mountain ............................................................ 49 37 77 31 25 82 70 52 74

Pacific ................................................................ 54 44 81 39 33 85 71 53 75

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 210
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.6 0.9 1.5 1.5 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.1 2.1 1.5 1.0 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 6.5 5.5 7.8 6.5 4.8 7.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 2.7 2.0 2.8 2.6 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 2.4 1.2 2.3 2.1 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.8 1.5 1.1

Production ......................................................... 2.4 1.9 0.9 2.4 1.9 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 2.1 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.0 2.5 1.2 0.9 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.8 2.0 1.1 0.8 2.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 1.4 5.4 2.0 1.4 5.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.4 1.5 1.1

Construction ...................................................... 2.7 2.7 1.4 2.7 2.4 1.4

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.8 2.1 1.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.6 2.1 1.2 3.0 2.2 1.2

Utilities ........................................................... 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 211
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.3 1.9 1.2 2.0 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.4 1.2 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.5 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.2 3.1 1.1 0.9 3.5 1.4 1.0 2.2

Protective service .............................................. 5.3 3.6 13.1 – 2.9 – 7.5 4.8 6.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.8 2.9 2.5 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.8 0.9 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.7 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 2.2 1.5 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 1.0 3.3 0.8 0.7 3.5 1.2 0.8 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.2 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.8 2.6 0.8 0.6 3.7 1.1 0.7 2.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.2 5.7 1.0 0.8 7.9 1.8 1.4 5.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.9 1.4 2.6 2.5 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.1 1.9 0.8 2.2 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.1

Construction ...................................................... 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.8 2.4 1.4

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 1.6 0.7 2.3 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.5 0.9 0.6 0.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.2 1.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.8 1.2 0.8 0.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.7 3.3 1.6 3.3 3.2 2.6 3.0 2.1 1.2

Utilities ........................................................... 4.8 4.3 2.0 5.5 5.3 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 212
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.2

Financial activities ............................................. 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.3 0.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.1 3.6 2.4 5.0 3.3 3.1

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 2.6 1.6 2.4 2.5 1.7

Professional and technical services .............. 2.2 2.7 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.8 3.0 3.9 2.8 2.8 3.6

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.9 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.4 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.9 1.6 3.7 1.9 1.6 3.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.5 2.2 4.4 2.5 2.1 4.3

Other services ................................................... 4.2 3.1 2.7 4.2 2.9 2.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.5 1.9 1.2 2.2 2.3 2.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 6.4 3.8 2.8 6.5 2.5 3.5

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 2.4 1.9 3.3 1.5 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.3 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 2.8 1.5 2.7 3.0 2.0

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.9 3.1 1.8 2.9 3.8 3.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 213
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 3.2 3.3 1.8 4.3 3.9 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.0

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.9 1.5 0.7 1.9 1.5 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.9 3.4 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.1 1.2 1.6 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.9 3.8 3.6 4.2 3.3 4.6 5.1 3.4 3.1

Professional and business services .................. 3.3 2.4 1.9 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.4 1.8

Professional and technical services .............. 4.7 3.7 2.2 4.8 4.9 3.4 2.2 2.5 2.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.0 2.3 3.9 3.0 2.4 5.1 2.8 2.8 3.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.9 1.9 1.9 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 2.0 1.1 2.2 2.0 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.8 1.6 4.5 1.7 1.3 6.1 1.9 1.6 3.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.3 1.9 5.0 2.3 1.8 6.8 2.5 2.2 4.4

Other services ................................................... 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.4 3.5 4.3 2.9 2.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.5 2.8 1.8 1.6 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.6 1.0 2.0 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.2 2.4 3.0 1.7 1.8 3.5 2.1 2.1 2.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 4.6 3.5 0.8 4.4 3.6 1.4 6.5 2.5 3.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 2.2 3.6 2.2 1.9 3.4 3.3 1.4 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 2.8 1.2 2.6 2.8 1.9

West ...................................................................... 2.4 2.1 1.5 2.8 2.5 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 4.3 3.7 3.0 5.3 4.2 1.6 2.8 3.7 3.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 2.5 1.7 3.1 3.0 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.5

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 214
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, private industry workers, March 2019

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 79 21 66 34

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 80 20 68 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 78 22 68 32

Professional and related .................................... 81 19 67 33

Service ................................................................... 78 22 60 40

Protective service .............................................. 79 21 67 33

Sales and office ..................................................... 78 22 65 35

Sales and related ............................................... 76 24 63 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 21 65 35

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 78 22 67 33

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 78 22 66 34

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 78 22 67 33

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 79 21 70 30

Production ......................................................... 79 21 72 28

Transportation and material moving .................. 78 22 68 32

Full time ................................................................. 79 21 67 33

Part time ................................................................ 78 22 62 38

Union ..................................................................... 87 13 84 16

Nonunion ............................................................... 78 22 64 36

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 76 24 58 42

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 75 25 60 40

Second 25 percent ............................................ 78 22 63 37

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 21 67 33

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 81 19 71 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 80 20 71 29

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 21 71 29

Construction ...................................................... 78 22 65 35

Manufacturing .................................................... 80 20 73 27

Service-providing industries .................................. 79 21 65 35

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 78 22 66 34

Wholesale trade ............................................. 79 21 68 32

Retail trade .................................................... 74 26 60 40

Transportation and warehousing ................... 80 20 71 29

Utilities ........................................................... 88 12 78 22

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 215
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

Information ......................................................... 81 19 74 26

Financial activities ............................................. 79 21 70 30

Finance and insurance .................................. 79 21 72 28

Credit intermediation and related activities 78 22 70 30

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 79 21 73 27

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 79 21 60 40

Professional and business services .................. 77 23 63 37

Professional and technical services .............. 80 20 63 37

Administrative and waste services ................ 72 28 57 43

Education and health services ........................... 80 20 64 36

Educational services ...................................... 79 21 65 35

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 80 20 71 29

Health care and social assistance ................. 81 19 63 37

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 79 21 63 37

Accommodation and food services ................ 78 22 61 39

Other services ................................................... 78 22 61 39

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 78 22 61 39

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 78 22 61 39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 22 61 39

100 workers or more .............................................. 79 21 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 78 22 66 34

500 workers or more .......................................... 81 19 76 24

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 81 19 72 28

New England ..................................................... 78 22 71 29

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 81 19 72 28

South ..................................................................... 77 23 63 37

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 23 63 37

East South Central ............................................ 77 23 64 36

West South Central ........................................... 78 22 61 39

Midwest ................................................................. 78 22 68 32

East North Central ............................................. 78 22 69 31

West North Central ............................................ 78 22 66 34

West ...................................................................... 80 20 66 34

Mountain ............................................................ 77 23 65 35

Pacific ................................................................ 82 18 66 34

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 216
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Service ................................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 2.1 4.1 4.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Production ......................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.5 2.1 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Construction ...................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Retail trade .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.0

Utilities ........................................................... 0.9 0.9 2.5 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 217
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

Information ......................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.5

Financial activities ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.9 1.9 4.0 4.0

Professional and business services .................. 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.8

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.6 1.6 2.7 2.7

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.6 1.6 3.2 3.2

Other services ................................................... 2.0 2.0 3.2 3.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

New England ..................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.6

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.9 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 218
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $450.28 14 $588.68 86 $428.62 $137.43

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 461.15 12 572.64 88 446.08 133.23

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 442.35 10 540.90 90 431.79 137.78

Professional and related .................................... 100 473.22 13 587.42 87 455.64 130.19

Service ................................................................... 100 439.66 14 595.11 86 413.36 145.17

Protective service .............................................. 100 423.82 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 445.41 11 596.48 89 426.23 136.26

Sales and related ............................................... 100 424.00 9 609.85 91 405.37 137.91

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 454.76 12 592.13 88 435.65 135.51

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 445.56 20 580.63 80 412.11 145.83

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 440.29 26 590.88 74 388.50 153.92

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 450.43 15 563.98 85 431.11 139.33

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 444.77 16 607.33 84 414.58 138.14

Production ......................................................... 100 435.35 15 539.54 85 417.01 132.85

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 455.68 16 678.70 84 411.72 144.38

Full time ................................................................. 100 450.66 13 580.26 87 431.09 137.25

Part time ................................................................ 100 444.35 20 675.09 80 386.76 140.44

Union ..................................................................... 100 565.25 35 666.14 65 510.47 133.62

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 432.05 10 545.89 90 419.27 137.87

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 421.34 12 623.88 88 394.13 144.67

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 414.77 13 606.51 87 385.93 148.43

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 435.74 12 586.72 88 416.09 137.43

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 451.66 14 575.97 86 430.66 139.33

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 471.03 15 590.46 85 450.20 132.79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 462.68 13 549.96 87 449.18 132.43

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 441.38 16 538.13 84 422.46 135.16

Construction ...................................................... 100 436.95 25 562.17 75 396.25 158.04

Manufacturing .................................................... 100 443.15 13 527.34 87 430.40 128.70

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 452.85 13 607.39 87 430.32 138.06

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 100 448.39 14 667.88 86 412.78 141.79

Wholesale trade ............................................. 100 437.90 13 567.97 87 418.77 128.15

Retail trade .................................................... 100 424.57 12 722.66 88 384.78 158.40

Transportation and warehousing ................... 100 479.87 17 702.59 83 434.03 135.35

Utilities ........................................................... 100 548.73 23 568.92 77 542.81 98.51

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 219
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... 100 $459.42 16 $529.08 84 $446.20 $124.57

Financial activities ............................................. 100 439.01 7 604.32 93 426.90 124.80

Finance and insurance .................................. 100 431.30 5 566.98 95 423.79 121.11

Credit intermediation and related activities 100 424.12 4 528.44 96 420.14 121.10

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 100 440.72 6 598.93 94 429.85 121.46

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 100 471.58 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 100 424.11 13 535.24 87 407.84 143.66

Professional and technical services .............. 100 438.62 18 554.57 82 412.86 136.25

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 390.90 6 425.26 94 388.74 156.50

Education and health services ........................... 100 491.89 10 628.52 90 477.40 132.72

Educational services ...................................... 100 497.32 7 634.77 93 486.37 139.24

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 519.12 5 638.04 95 513.22 139.21

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 491.00 10 627.77 90 475.89 131.62

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 427.44 19 557.73 81 395.89 132.83

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 428.81 19 579.83 81 393.07 136.82

Other services ................................................... 100 489.51 26 672.48 74 424.43 196.98

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 440.63 16 573.63 84 415.08 143.47

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 440.29 16 574.85 84 414.66 143.51

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 441.46 16 570.81 84 416.08 143.39

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 457.49 12 604.29 88 438.22 133.15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 448.51 11 626.58 89 427.61 136.38

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 468.57 13 582.01 87 451.68 129.06

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 483.31 15 618.82 85 459.82 134.31

New England ..................................................... 100 473.11 8 613.90 92 460.49 141.70

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 487.07 17 619.69 83 459.55 131.29

South ..................................................................... 100 431.53 10 567.69 90 416.12 139.41

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 435.48 10 593.78 90 417.95 140.97

East South Central ............................................ 100 429.81 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 100 425.60 10 518.42 90 414.86 135.11

Midwest ................................................................. 100 447.17 13 621.23 87 420.17 141.93

East North Central ............................................. 100 450.46 14 634.43 86 419.87 144.80

West North Central ............................................ 100 439.73 12 584.48 88 420.82 135.64

West ...................................................................... 100 453.96 17 562.72 83 431.21 132.54

Mountain ............................................................ 100 430.78 13 576.00 87 409.28 141.57

Pacific ................................................................ 100 464.03 19 558.84 81 441.49 128.31

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 220
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $3.47 0.7 $9.76 0.7 $3.49 $1.35

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.97 0.8 15.90 0.8 5.03 2.41

Management, business, and financial ............... 8.19 0.8 31.15 0.8 7.72 2.67

Professional and related .................................... 5.15 1.1 16.44 1.1 4.95 3.06

Service ................................................................... 11.18 2.4 25.16 2.4 10.85 5.79

Protective service .............................................. 21.63 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.85 1.1 13.83 1.1 3.54 2.27

Sales and related ............................................... 5.42 1.7 21.58 1.7 5.85 2.88

Office and administrative support ...................... 5.13 1.3 16.70 1.3 4.61 3.08

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 8.67 2.0 18.43 2.0 7.88 4.13

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 14.00 3.2 18.09 3.2 15.06 7.41

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 8.29 2.4 31.58 2.4 7.77 4.24

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.43 1.5 14.02 1.5 7.18 2.62

Production ......................................................... 8.68 1.6 13.43 1.6 9.73 3.11

Transportation and material moving .................. 9.88 2.6 22.53 2.6 9.81 3.98

Full time ................................................................. 3.36 0.6 9.38 0.6 3.45 1.48

Part time ................................................................ 17.37 3.5 32.97 3.5 15.10 8.59

Union ..................................................................... 9.12 2.4 13.35 2.4 9.82 3.82

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.66 0.6 11.75 0.6 3.59 1.52

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 10.84 1.8 31.06 1.8 9.24 3.75

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 22.63 3.8 87.68 3.8 16.47 7.71

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.82 1.2 16.85 1.2 4.31 3.12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4.38 0.9 10.90 0.9 4.89 2.55

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4.74 0.9 14.43 0.9 4.74 2.35

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6.50 1.0 18.89 1.0 7.09 3.97

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 6.53 1.1 11.36 1.1 6.76 2.82

Construction ...................................................... 11.62 2.6 18.29 2.6 12.30 4.74

Manufacturing .................................................... 6.92 1.2 13.88 1.2 7.41 3.80

Service-providing industries .................................. 4.04 0.8 12.18 0.8 4.01 1.54

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 5.85 1.3 14.80 1.3 4.44 2.28

Wholesale trade ............................................. 7.54 1.6 31.55 1.6 6.88 2.38

Retail trade .................................................... 6.79 1.3 24.91 1.3 5.29 3.75

Transportation and warehousing ................... 15.03 3.5 38.25 3.5 14.74 5.45

Utilities ........................................................... 14.97 4.0 33.47 4.0 14.00 6.14

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 221
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... $9.80 2.4 $26.94 2.4 $9.02 $4.00

Financial activities ............................................. 4.85 1.1 32.48 1.1 4.38 2.06

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.93 0.4 38.38 0.4 3.40 1.07

Credit intermediation and related activities 5.80 0.7 57.85 0.7 5.17 1.84

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 5.05 1.1 50.94 1.1 4.64 2.44

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 24.69 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 8.70 1.9 14.83 1.9 10.63 4.28

Professional and technical services .............. 9.59 3.4 26.73 3.4 10.68 5.80

Administrative and waste services ................ 14.77 2.1 53.21 2.1 14.66 4.96

Education and health services ........................... 8.37 1.5 16.60 1.5 7.67 4.91

Educational services ...................................... 6.90 1.8 45.02 1.8 5.45 3.75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7.89 1.5 8.16 1.5 7.83 3.51

Health care and social assistance ................. 9.68 1.8 17.83 1.8 8.91 5.70

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 16.48 4.5 35.49 4.5 17.68 8.16

Accommodation and food services ................ 20.05 5.4 43.82 5.4 20.07 10.48

Other services ................................................... 29.91 4.0 94.18 4.0 18.05 29.60

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.50 1.2 17.27 1.2 5.09 2.01

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.20 1.4 22.09 1.4 5.33 3.22

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9.14 2.2 20.62 2.2 9.08 5.38

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.41 0.8 9.82 0.8 3.53 1.78

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.87 0.9 15.12 0.9 4.81 2.34

500 workers or more .......................................... 5.20 1.2 12.65 1.2 5.48 2.43

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5.84 1.5 14.56 1.5 6.78 3.35

New England ..................................................... 10.99 1.7 38.59 1.7 11.37 7.50

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5.88 1.8 14.62 1.8 8.27 3.59

South ..................................................................... 5.95 1.2 25.67 1.2 5.30 2.90

South Atlantic .................................................... 7.73 1.6 47.73 1.6 7.56 4.54

East South Central ............................................ 18.34 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 10.29 2.0 21.49 2.0 10.35 4.73

Midwest ................................................................. 6.47 1.2 14.16 1.2 9.34 1.36

East North Central ............................................. 8.41 1.6 18.04 1.6 13.10 1.82

West North Central ............................................ 9.25 1.7 21.67 1.7 7.39 2.20

West ...................................................................... 8.64 1.6 17.88 1.6 6.77 2.49

Mountain ............................................................ 16.70 1.3 33.82 1.3 14.27 5.80

Pacific ................................................................ 9.95 2.2 21.17 2.2 6.74 2.47

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 222
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 73 16 10 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 71 16 11 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 76 17 7 1

Professional and related .................................... 68 16 14 1

Service ................................................................... 83 12 5 3 ( )

Protective service .............................................. 89 7 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 68 23 9 1

Sales and related ............................................... 63 30 6 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 19 10 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 76 9 14 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 77 – 14 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 75 – 13 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 11 11 1

Production ......................................................... 80 11 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 76 – 14 –

Full time ................................................................. 73 16 10 1

Part time ................................................................ 78 15 – –

Union ..................................................................... 77 4 18 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 73 17 9 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 82 13 4 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 90 7 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 19 8 3 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 75 14 11 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 16 13 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 17 15 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 78 11 9 1

Construction ...................................................... 79 6 12 2

Manufacturing .................................................... 78 13 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 72 17 10 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 67 21 11 3 ( )

Wholesale trade ............................................. 80 – 11 –

Retail trade .................................................... 58 36 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 67 – 19 –

Utilities ........................................................... 85 – 12 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 223
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 76 – 16 –

Financial activities ............................................. 65 27 8 1

Finance and insurance .................................. 60 31 8 1

Credit intermediation and related activities 63 31 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 56 30 12 2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 87 – 5 –

Professional and business services .................. 75 12 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 72 11 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 88 – 8 –

Education and health services ........................... 73 17 – –

Educational services ...................................... 78 18 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 68 29 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 72 17 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 87 10 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 87 10 – –

Other services ................................................... 78 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 76 13 11 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 74 15 10 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 – 12 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 72 18 10 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 77 14 8 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 64 22 12 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 72 17 – –

New England ..................................................... 72 13 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 18 – –

South ..................................................................... 74 18 7 3 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 74 20 6 3 ( )

East South Central ............................................ 78 – 7 –

West South Central ........................................... 73 17 10 3 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 75 13 10 1

East North Central ............................................. 76 14 9 1

West North Central ............................................ 74 13 12 1

West ...................................................................... 71 14 14 1

Mountain ............................................................ 68 19 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 73 11 15 1

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 224
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2019

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 1.5 1.9 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.9 1.2 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.7 1.6 2.8 0.5

Service ................................................................... 2.2 2.1 0.9 0.1

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.1 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 3.0 2.7 0.9 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.1 1.4 1.5 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.1 1.7 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.5 – 3.2 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 – 1.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.2 1.3 0.2

Production ......................................................... 2.1 1.6 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 – 2.5 –

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 1.4 – –

Union ..................................................................... 3.1 0.7 2.9 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.5 0.8 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 2.4 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.6 1.0 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.4 1.7 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.2 1.8 3.2 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.4

Construction ...................................................... 2.3 1.4 2.3 1.1

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.2 2.1 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.0 1.5 1.6 0.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.3 – 2.0 –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.5 2.4 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.6 – 4.7 –

Utilities ........................................................... 3.8 – 3.7 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 225
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 3.8 – 3.7 –

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 2.0 0.9 0.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.0 2.2 0.9 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.5 2.6 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 3.3 1.8 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.8 – 2.0 –

Professional and business services .................. 4.5 2.6 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 7.7 2.5 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.9 – 2.9 –

Education and health services ........................... 3.1 3.0 – –

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 1.5 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.4 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.6 3.5 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.7 2.5 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.5 3.0 – –

Other services ................................................... 5.3 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 1.3 2.0 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.9 1.7 2.7 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 – 2.6 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.3 2.0 1.4 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.2 1.9 – –

New England ..................................................... 4.0 3.0 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.8 2.5 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.1 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.9 3.0 1.7 0.1

East South Central ............................................ 5.0 – 2.1 –

West South Central ........................................... 2.2 1.8 1.7 0.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.6 1.9 1.0 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.4 2.6 1.2 0.3

West North Central ............................................ 4.0 2.3 1.9 0.2

West ...................................................................... 2.7 1.5 3.0 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.4 2.7 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.9 1.7 4.0 0.6

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 226
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,091.51 7 $1,560.38 93 $1,056.86 $577.44

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,123.61 5 1,442.21 95 1,108.50 562.61

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 1,119.54 3 1,419.89 97 1,109.36 543.47

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,126.20 5 1,450.92 95 1,107.93 575.03

Service ................................................................... 100 996.65 8 1,649.31 92 940.06 685.26

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,085.40 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,048.50 4 1,542.50 96 1,029.06 576.32

Sales and related ............................................... 100 975.36 3 1,495.13 97 961.67 563.01

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,080.44 4 1,554.79 96 1,059.03 582.25

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,084.94 12 1,600.39 88 1,012.22 584.59

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 1,058.90 17 1,664.05 83 937.06 600.92

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 1,109.04 8 1,481.38 92 1,075.36 570.88

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,151.76 12 1,595.57 88 1,091.16 532.26

Production ......................................................... 100 1,165.63 11 1,529.11 89 1,119.78 502.31

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 1,135.99 13 1,660.97 87 1,057.97 566.99

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,098.86 6 1,543.04 94 1,068.94 573.28

Part time ................................................................ 100 977.43 16 1,668.34 84 848.28 649.39

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,467.54 32 1,661.99 68 1,377.08 427.60

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 1,031.60 3 1,384.27 97 1,020.99 594.23

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 938.66 5 1,553.27 95 905.41 665.36

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 960.12 6 1,552.16 94 924.37 621.83

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,028.54 5 1,591.87 95 998.44 598.54

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,107.07 8 1,532.85 92 1,071.21 571.59

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,181.70 8 1,571.89 92 1,147.48 532.28

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,176.56 6 1,431.47 94 1,159.98 512.68

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 1,149.88 11 1,529.01 89 1,105.01 501.43

Construction ...................................................... 100 1,022.09 15 1,623.67 85 920.03 616.59

Manufacturing .................................................... 100 1,199.61 9 1,490.54 91 1,170.45 464.43

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,074.75 6 1,576.77 94 1,043.74 598.17

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 100 1,067.98 9 1,612.46 91 1,015.02 578.41

Wholesale trade ............................................. 100 1,072.24 5 1,354.19 95 1,056.10 522.00

Retail trade .................................................... 100 927.51 6 1,607.38 94 881.05 645.57

Transportation and warehousing ................... 100 1,215.85 15 1,692.66 85 1,129.48 543.97

Utilities ........................................................... 100 1,482.93 11 1,683.68 89 1,458.35 460.79

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 227
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... 100 $1,218.60 10 $1,475.47 90 $1,188.88 $476.45

Financial activities ............................................. 100 1,129.92 3 1,679.28 97 1,112.59 496.91

Finance and insurance .................................. 100 1,147.67 2 1,616.65 98 1,136.79 452.87

Credit intermediation and related activities 100 1,100.44 1 1,813.47 99 1,093.29 463.19

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 100 1,191.76 3 1,513.49 97 1,182.12 447.38

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 100 1,054.92 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 100 994.29 3 1,394.16 97 983.29 598.70

Professional and technical services .............. 100 982.76 4 1,356.13 96 967.04 601.97

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 908.77 1 1,611.67 99 903.08 645.13

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,120.22 5 1,744.87 95 1,090.50 655.73

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,172.45 2 1,690.10 98 1,161.67 599.52

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,322.17 2 1,727.84 98 1,314.55 555.27

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,111.50 5 1,748.63 95 1,078.25 665.41

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 1,006.92 9 1,491.36 91 959.03 604.30

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 995.36 10 1,457.73 90 946.28 630.58

Other services ................................................... 100 1,103.40 8 1,222.89 92 1,092.47 826.89

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 989.55 6 1,472.57 94 958.49 654.64

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 984.46 6 1,442.98 94 956.35 650.04

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 1,001.53 7 1,533.00 93 963.59 665.57

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,165.81 7 1,611.98 93 1,129.67 520.31

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,077.90 5 1,633.00 95 1,048.36 571.57

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,273.60 10 1,599.56 90 1,235.42 453.65

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,219.42 9 1,665.11 91 1,174.51 513.96

New England ..................................................... 100 1,214.94 4 1,642.27 96 1,198.55 519.59

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,221.07 11 1,667.91 89 1,164.86 511.70

South ..................................................................... 100 1,033.94 4 1,543.50 96 1,015.08 610.33

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 1,045.79 4 1,534.08 96 1,026.68 613.87

East South Central ............................................ 100 1,057.12 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 100 1,002.25 3 1,479.76 97 987.35 616.72

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,106.84 9 1,574.34 91 1,062.29 564.17

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,130.49 10 1,554.89 90 1,084.80 550.69

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,054.95 6 1,638.47 94 1,014.63 592.71

West ...................................................................... 100 1,059.44 8 1,466.39 92 1,023.93 589.80

Mountain ............................................................ 100 1,038.33 7 1,506.20 93 1,002.42 583.41

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,068.76 8 1,451.50 92 1,033.57 592.67

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 228
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $10.58 0.4 $21.81 0.4 $10.71 $6.05

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 14.05 0.5 37.66 0.5 14.17 10.74

Management, business, and financial ............... 21.17 0.5 48.80 0.5 21.36 10.40

Professional and related .................................... 15.04 0.6 47.90 0.6 15.01 15.26

Service ................................................................... 34.60 1.6 82.34 1.6 33.45 24.74

Protective service .............................................. 52.55 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 14.96 0.4 36.39 0.4 15.59 9.80

Sales and related ............................................... 21.37 0.5 87.57 0.5 22.83 12.93

Office and administrative support ...................... 15.82 0.5 46.60 0.5 16.18 13.13

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 21.52 1.5 45.01 1.5 21.82 17.61

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 35.38 2.7 38.86 2.7 35.78 31.55

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 23.26 1.8 98.35 1.8 22.80 17.88

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 17.50 1.5 29.55 1.5 18.08 12.02

Production ......................................................... 23.44 1.7 32.20 1.7 23.93 13.97

Transportation and material moving .................. 25.54 2.5 54.56 2.5 25.54 19.17

Full time ................................................................. 10.38 0.4 20.27 0.4 10.58 6.07

Part time ................................................................ 57.32 3.3 75.69 3.3 41.16 32.98

Union ..................................................................... 18.13 2.3 24.91 2.3 23.42 11.88

Nonunion ............................................................... 11.75 0.2 32.88 0.2 11.69 6.40

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 34.31 0.9 56.70 0.9 34.04 21.59

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 45.58 1.8 137.80 1.8 41.55 23.78

Second 25 percent ............................................ 19.78 0.9 72.47 0.9 19.19 11.75

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12.04 0.8 34.49 0.8 11.90 10.74

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12.81 0.7 32.63 0.7 12.99 9.35

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 19.34 0.8 38.71 0.8 20.03 13.28

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 16.20 1.0 33.33 1.0 15.54 11.22

Construction ...................................................... 28.21 2.1 43.88 2.1 26.45 16.73

Manufacturing .................................................... 19.13 1.3 52.25 1.3 17.43 12.96

Service-providing industries .................................. 12.62 0.5 27.82 0.5 12.87 7.07

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 15.50 1.3 24.63 1.3 13.47 9.07

Wholesale trade ............................................. 23.02 1.3 67.22 1.3 24.80 21.49

Retail trade .................................................... 19.96 0.9 46.44 0.9 16.88 10.71

Transportation and warehousing ................... 45.10 3.5 70.59 3.5 48.69 22.58

Utilities ........................................................... 45.28 2.8 54.52 2.8 49.31 48.74

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 229
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... $34.14 2.3 $64.64 2.3 $31.77 $20.82

Financial activities ............................................. 16.61 1.0 53.08 1.0 17.52 10.52

Finance and insurance .................................. 10.49 0.3 130.44 0.3 9.03 5.98

Credit intermediation and related activities 14.68 0.4 294.59 0.4 12.80 9.94

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 16.10 0.7 103.64 0.7 15.11 8.87

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 79.12 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 21.69 0.6 98.73 0.6 22.03 14.56

Professional and technical services .............. 19.53 1.0 116.89 1.0 18.38 21.74

Administrative and waste services ................ 39.22 0.3 142.31 0.3 38.60 29.33

Education and health services ........................... 26.52 0.9 89.06 0.9 24.60 22.20

Educational services ...................................... 26.86 0.6 83.08 0.6 27.73 17.32

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 28.38 0.5 124.13 0.5 28.48 11.29

Health care and social assistance ................. 30.57 1.0 94.92 1.0 28.34 25.84

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 61.23 2.2 66.17 2.2 61.94 35.97

Accommodation and food services ................ 71.75 2.4 79.83 2.4 74.57 38.02

Other services ................................................... 97.93 2.9 78.78 2.9 107.73 99.23

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 16.63 0.5 29.58 0.5 16.10 11.11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 17.46 0.7 35.67 0.7 17.71 13.98

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28.11 0.9 44.35 0.9 28.24 24.32

100 workers or more .............................................. 11.78 0.6 27.68 0.6 11.78 7.02

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 15.43 0.7 49.67 0.7 15.29 10.05

500 workers or more .......................................... 14.60 1.0 38.50 1.0 15.87 8.48

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 20.71 1.2 52.48 1.2 22.70 13.48

New England ..................................................... 25.31 1.1 90.81 1.1 25.04 29.89

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 21.94 1.5 56.69 1.5 26.94 14.17

South ..................................................................... 15.02 0.5 54.38 0.5 13.89 9.66

South Atlantic .................................................... 18.20 0.5 73.85 0.5 18.44 8.83

East South Central ............................................ 38.15 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 31.31 0.7 102.52 0.7 28.60 25.95

Midwest ................................................................. 21.51 1.0 20.75 1.0 23.81 10.81

East North Central ............................................. 26.10 1.4 15.84 1.4 30.96 9.98

West North Central ............................................ 36.65 1.6 63.79 1.6 30.81 24.65

West ...................................................................... 26.99 0.9 36.11 0.9 26.70 15.25

Mountain ............................................................ 47.37 1.0 60.96 1.0 50.90 19.25

Pacific ................................................................ 32.96 1.2 44.74 1.2 31.37 20.41

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 230
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 73 16 11 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 72 17 11 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 74 19 7 1

Professional and related .................................... 70 15 – –

Service ................................................................... 82 12 6 3 ( )

Protective service .............................................. 90 6 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 66 23 10 1

Sales and related ............................................... 61 30 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 69 19 11 3 ( )

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 75 9 14 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 78 – 13 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 73 11 14 2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 10 11 1

Production ......................................................... 80 11 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 75 – 14 –

Full time ................................................................. 73 16 11 1

Part time ................................................................ 77 16 7 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 77 4 17 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 72 17 10 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 80 13 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 90 7 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 18 10 3 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 74 14 11 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 16 13 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 67 18 14 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 11 10 1

Construction ...................................................... 79 6 12 2

Manufacturing .................................................... 79 13 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 71 17 11 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 66 21 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 80 – 12 –

Retail trade .................................................... 57 36 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 66 – 18 –

Utilities ........................................................... 79 4 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 231
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 74 – 16 –

Financial activities ............................................. 64 27 8 1

Finance and insurance .................................. 59 31 9 1

Credit intermediation and related activities 62 31 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 55 31 13 2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 86 9 – –

Professional and business services .................. 73 13 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 73 12 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 86 – 10 –

Education and health services ........................... 72 16 – –

Educational services ...................................... 78 17 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 68 28 5 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 16 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 87 11 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 89 9 – –

Other services ................................................... 78 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 13 11 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 15 11 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 80 7 12 1

100 workers or more .............................................. 71 18 10 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 77 14 8 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 23 13 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 73 15 10 1

New England ..................................................... 74 11 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 73 16 9 2

South ..................................................................... 75 18 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 75 19 – –

East South Central ............................................ 78 – 8 –

West South Central ........................................... 73 17 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 74 14 11 1

East North Central ............................................. 75 14 10 1

West North Central ............................................ 73 14 13 1

West ...................................................................... 69 15 15 1

Mountain ............................................................ 64 23 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 71 – 17 –

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 232
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2019

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 1.5 1.8 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.0 2.0 1.1 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.7 1.5 – –

Service ................................................................... 2.5 2.0 1.7 0.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 2.0 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 3.0 2.8 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 1.3 1.5 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 1.2 1.8 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 – 3.1 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.6 1.8 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.1 1.3 0.3

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.5 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.7 – 2.5 –

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 1.6 1.2 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 3.2 0.7 2.9 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 1.3 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.7 2.3 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.4 1.6 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.1 1.9 3.0 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.3

Construction ...................................................... 2.7 1.5 2.7 1.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.9 2.0 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.0 1.4 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 – 1.8 –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.6 2.3 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.3 – 4.6 –

Utilities ........................................................... 6.0 1.9 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 233
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 3.7 – 3.0 –

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 1.9 0.9 0.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.0 2.2 1.0 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.8 2.8 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.8 3.1 1.9 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.4 2.8 – –

Professional and business services .................. 4.3 2.9 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 6.6 2.8 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.9 – 2.8 –

Education and health services ........................... 3.3 2.6 – –

Educational services ...................................... 2.8 1.4 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 2.1 1.9 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.9 3.1 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.8 2.6 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.1 2.7 – –

Other services ................................................... 3.6 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.2 1.9 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 1.6 2.6 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 1.1 2.4 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.4 2.2 1.4 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 1.6 1.9 0.3

New England ..................................................... 3.8 2.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 2.0 1.5 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.9 1.7 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.9 2.7 – –

East South Central ............................................ 4.8 – 2.0 –

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 1.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.3 2.7 1.1 0.3

West North Central ............................................ 3.9 2.2 1.8 0.2

West ...................................................................... 2.6 1.9 2.9 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 3.4 3.9 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.4 – 3.8 –

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 234
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, private industry workers, 

March 2019

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $45.62 $77.62 $122.33 $171.28 $236.63 $205.84 $320.32 $473.36 $757.32 $1107.79

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 43.25 75.04 117.60 170.82 231.90 205.28 306.85 467.32 736.33 1112.13

Management, business, and financial ............... 48.90 82.30 125.62 180.00 226.65 206.92 327.94 470.00 681.64 1020.96

Professional and related .................................... 36.26 69.72 108.79 166.66 233.89 199.23 302.79 463.94 775.08 1154.18

Service ................................................................... 36.68 80.17 123.30 176.72 245.69 246.00 377.00 573.89 885.97 1248.42

Protective service .............................................. – – 116.86 147.04 – 153.50 – 465.69 – 1348.69

Sales and office ..................................................... 49.38 75.76 125.67 167.24 224.85 216.67 330.00 476.79 743.19 1078.94

Sales and related ............................................... 53.93 83.95 125.33 170.14 226.46 209.00 308.86 478.00 666.84 1015.73

Office and administrative support ...................... 46.05 73.43 125.67 166.18 224.85 220.25 339.93 476.61 762.68 1101.14

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 48.93 78.24 125.00 178.10 240.74 216.76 302.46 461.65 761.13 1093.83

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 48.93 76.17 124.27 195.15 272.81 243.80 295.96 481.82 813.83 1103.77

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 48.53 81.43 125.52 167.00 223.47 200.74 313.00 423.20 697.94 1046.24

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 48.53 81.73 120.75 169.65 242.75 185.37 285.72 409.12 671.37 1051.65

Production ......................................................... 46.82 73.19 119.28 163.27 233.66 174.11 277.33 395.05 649.50 1010.80

Transportation and material moving .................. 54.93 92.19 122.48 178.13 249.77 199.89 311.54 425.22 730.31 1084.62

Full time ................................................................. 46.72 77.65 122.48 170.25 232.00 205.28 318.60 471.16 756.74 1100.03

Part time ................................................................ 33.12 – 119.23 198.07 296.07 268.54 365.61 553.23 777.64 1284.85

Union ..................................................................... 48.53 84.00 119.23 163.07 214.77 174.11 263.85 368.76 476.78 726.23

Nonunion ............................................................... 45.50 77.07 122.43 172.25 239.80 210.17 327.50 490.96 782.38 1139.36

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 51.00 88.60 125.68 180.36 242.95 250.15 373.88 549.65 867.12 1234.92

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 56.86 93.00 127.57 186.06 236.63 237.03 372.98 538.02 808.00 1083.87

Second 25 percent ............................................ 42.39 73.19 119.23 164.42 237.62 213.39 321.00 485.72 782.38 1152.19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 48.90 78.54 124.15 170.49 233.20 207.21 310.79 464.47 719.76 1091.96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 44.30 74.98 119.23 170.82 231.90 195.57 297.92 442.36 681.64 1035.08

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 43.78 72.00 117.43 171.07 226.72 198.23 293.71 435.43 637.26 956.38

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 48.93 74.44 117.99 170.15 230.15 185.83 277.00 395.22 641.84 969.27

Construction ...................................................... 59.57 95.72 133.05 199.26 273.91 244.44 325.84 502.83 825.56 1103.77

Manufacturing .................................................... 48.00 72.00 114.05 158.78 219.40 172.38 262.16 379.60 601.51 907.19

Service-providing industries .................................. 45.00 78.83 123.20 171.99 237.19 214.34 340.68 490.96 782.38 1154.18

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 48.53 84.04 120.99 172.08 230.37 202.19 311.54 449.32 697.94 1061.94

Wholesale trade ............................................. 53.49 82.33 114.83 167.00 204.65 200.53 297.27 429.22 641.43 976.84

Retail trade .................................................... 43.91 86.40 132.55 182.62 287.31 225.33 337.31 502.27 818.42 1211.20

Transportation and warehousing ................... 52.48 92.00 119.09 172.08 230.37 199.89 325.05 416.89 608.25 1076.83

Utilities ........................................................... 30.57 54.89 89.29 137.70 194.00 150.00 229.67 360.16 478.34 737.00

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 235
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... $46.83 $72.42 $125.83 $165.96 $186.06 $238.06 $301.65 $408.94 $549.02 $795.01

Financial activities ............................................. 50.44 70.25 124.16 145.26 192.73 216.45 343.31 460.22 619.39 922.99

Finance and insurance .................................. 50.49 69.01 122.35 144.64 181.50 215.93 317.22 437.67 517.00 723.90

Credit intermediation and related activities 50.92 69.01 122.69 145.13 186.73 219.45 325.05 452.56 523.61 723.23

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 42.75 66.37 122.58 144.64 180.62 200.02 304.70 426.80 517.00 734.56

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 47.76 72.78 128.26 160.05 286.42 – 411.90 662.40 981.95 1038.46

Professional and business services .................. 47.02 93.85 140.83 187.40 252.97 212.16 348.76 507.33 806.14 1194.54

Professional and technical services .............. 45.50 86.15 137.40 183.87 239.43 216.00 331.54 516.69 793.43 1130.40

Administrative and waste services ................ 70.52 119.09 143.73 180.00 245.13 226.42 358.67 519.12 966.20 1244.00

Education and health services ........................... 33.83 68.04 103.79 167.47 245.69 228.01 336.22 524.64 921.17 1325.01

Educational services ...................................... 50.43 78.00 118.11 183.32 250.00 273.00 388.60 549.79 794.00 1005.29

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 40.24 73.71 117.74 185.00 247.08 259.05 367.00 502.25 676.99 923.98

Health care and social assistance ................. 32.32 64.67 100.30 163.76 244.96 220.37 325.58 515.39 988.19 1356.71

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 67.50 122.43 172.83 229.18 – 390.26 538.02 849.93 1088.91

Accommodation and food services ................ – 83.64 124.19 180.36 231.36 – 415.81 549.65 866.01 1163.15

Other services ................................................... 56.41 102.00 130.00 227.00 – – 373.88 644.59 1069.43 1320.69

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 50.68 82.32 127.41 176.47 245.13 247.12 356.40 531.59 898.50 1248.42

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 50.00 79.17 127.41 180.00 243.17 247.12 353.82 530.61 862.80 1251.84

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 53.70 85.89 127.48 168.33 249.72 247.12 358.67 533.20 949.00 1213.84

100 workers or more .............................................. 42.76 73.87 118.58 169.20 228.93 184.26 287.30 432.84 660.47 988.19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 42.85 77.00 119.23 170.82 236.63 200.74 319.79 480.00 744.80 1058.81

500 workers or more .......................................... 42.04 70.14 113.82 166.15 219.40 155.00 259.12 380.25 539.39 796.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 46.72 73.66 115.47 166.72 238.94 175.39 268.32 395.22 644.00 1018.13

New England ..................................................... 46.72 78.54 127.64 180.36 245.00 198.06 285.67 425.22 674.89 1036.14

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 45.62 71.71 108.57 162.50 233.20 156.52 264.62 383.27 628.93 1009.27

South ..................................................................... 40.46 75.22 123.43 174.68 236.63 215.00 339.74 501.89 839.11 1130.40

South Atlantic .................................................... 40.00 75.36 124.27 179.98 246.16 216.00 341.49 506.45 854.58 1118.00

East South Central ............................................ 45.60 81.15 122.26 180.36 221.57 193.33 331.54 447.32 734.81 1065.96

West South Central ........................................... 40.04 70.92 123.03 170.25 231.90 222.63 339.79 507.33 864.51 1201.30

Midwest ................................................................. 54.73 82.97 125.79 176.72 245.69 200.79 320.32 460.00 702.86 1111.55

East North Central ............................................. 54.30 86.50 127.21 179.60 246.60 203.68 322.59 455.29 673.63 1052.56

West North Central ............................................ 55.68 77.98 123.50 176.72 240.63 191.62 307.31 478.08 868.83 1258.58

West ...................................................................... 43.78 76.42 115.85 167.84 221.44 237.60 341.29 488.00 744.80 1128.19

Mountain ............................................................ 45.72 79.63 127.34 187.40 249.77 228.52 323.56 476.61 715.89 1142.05

Pacific ................................................................ 42.39 75.16 111.45 158.17 216.45 240.25 355.34 493.42 753.51 1121.67

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 236
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $1.87 $1.87 $1.27 $1.58 $3.58 $2.93 $6.86 $6.37 $17.19 $20.26

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.41 3.32 4.16 2.83 6.47 3.90 14.48 11.06 33.43 37.28

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.62 4.06 3.49 4.88 6.63 5.49 12.34 14.64 24.26 30.85

Professional and related .................................... 4.40 4.52 3.70 5.93 9.98 8.56 8.33 16.15 41.98 56.21

Service ................................................................... 10.62 6.24 3.29 4.42 10.93 27.11 17.77 51.63 98.30 41.25

Protective service .............................................. – – 12.87 8.87 – 12.48 – 81.13 – 49.35

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.80 4.79 1.45 2.16 6.57 7.39 8.60 6.17 33.22 25.84

Sales and related ............................................... 2.47 5.84 2.83 5.24 17.05 13.83 8.56 12.80 22.12 39.33

Office and administrative support ...................... 5.57 5.21 1.90 2.76 7.49 6.23 6.53 10.80 30.48 43.15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.67 5.93 3.79 5.60 16.74 13.99 23.41 22.35 41.13 66.06

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.76 14.73 9.23 11.81 29.80 8.53 26.02 39.62 73.04 102.29

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.68 3.85 3.78 7.21 12.92 6.17 18.54 30.32 56.63 91.75

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.13 3.95 2.52 4.62 9.71 11.36 11.46 13.55 20.53 31.57

Production ......................................................... 4.63 3.54 3.45 4.63 15.27 5.89 16.01 11.79 29.62 58.96

Transportation and material moving .................. 9.01 1.38 3.43 9.80 15.06 7.20 19.55 18.46 50.03 62.75

Full time ................................................................. 1.67 1.73 1.24 1.74 4.02 2.99 8.44 6.95 19.73 18.00

Part time ................................................................ 3.65 – 4.92 8.51 19.12 45.03 33.08 59.61 203.34 169.69

Union ..................................................................... 3.45 4.32 4.42 4.78 6.29 14.29 9.44 4.91 17.78 72.01

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.22 2.08 1.36 1.99 4.35 6.49 5.65 7.47 18.98 31.80

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.24 5.05 4.02 7.08 14.84 28.31 9.41 25.58 54.35 27.47

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8.14 5.59 5.74 15.66 9.10 39.52 15.83 34.14 77.77 37.62

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.46 3.59 3.13 3.17 7.96 9.14 10.85 16.92 26.59 49.46

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.87 2.80 2.03 4.03 6.68 5.44 13.04 11.06 35.56 28.11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.08 2.67 3.50 2.30 7.26 6.30 9.07 10.79 20.62 50.09

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.64 4.22 5.41 2.81 13.28 6.39 12.89 19.51 35.67 40.50

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.20 2.41 3.59 6.13 8.35 8.86 14.14 8.75 15.90 25.92

Construction ...................................................... 10.28 6.92 2.06 10.98 19.32 3.97 12.93 33.35 54.42 13.65

Manufacturing .................................................... 4.37 4.77 4.94 4.15 10.47 8.61 12.39 14.47 21.41 45.65

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.64 2.03 1.19 1.77 3.79 4.98 5.77 6.85 19.99 37.33

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.97 2.06 2.93 3.49 7.37 3.77 9.83 18.33 30.95 23.77

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5.10 3.36 6.71 2.70 5.97 16.17 14.25 32.30 47.63 85.62

Retail trade .................................................... 1.91 3.02 4.78 4.86 18.25 22.73 26.13 28.93 40.52 70.95

Transportation and warehousing ................... 8.97 6.74 10.70 19.43 10.85 11.87 30.09 35.66 59.97 110.89

Utilities ........................................................... 4.26 6.59 6.77 16.84 16.45 11.27 48.65 15.13 85.44 116.71

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 237
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... $5.90 $5.63 $1.32 $3.70 $4.38 $33.32 $32.21 $19.10 $16.05 $82.69

Financial activities ............................................. 4.58 3.50 1.69 3.47 9.29 5.77 5.01 9.45 50.19 103.20

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.53 2.23 0.96 1.87 4.21 5.43 12.05 5.32 16.06 15.47

Credit intermediation and related activities 4.82 4.02 3.13 4.05 8.18 4.83 19.92 10.78 38.09 26.53

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 10.80 7.76 3.66 2.42 4.99 11.46 15.99 11.35 18.09 19.23

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 11.65 21.39 8.74 18.89 29.99 – 32.55 147.70 50.00 74.29

Professional and business services .................. 3.24 6.63 2.74 9.36 14.90 12.62 11.74 19.93 48.07 56.28

Professional and technical services .............. 7.84 3.87 7.07 17.55 21.21 23.88 31.88 38.73 74.79 78.67

Administrative and waste services ................ 10.76 5.63 2.09 10.05 34.65 36.17 15.69 10.72 135.30 28.47

Education and health services ........................... 4.38 8.19 3.74 5.61 16.28 23.24 19.13 39.15 77.74 97.95

Educational services ...................................... 5.28 3.45 7.01 7.85 23.69 24.26 13.75 20.22 40.80 57.94

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6.72 4.13 5.94 8.94 19.94 22.49 7.73 21.52 32.93 63.45

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.55 9.02 4.90 8.20 19.22 23.85 19.09 55.09 94.23 88.94

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 16.35 2.88 11.43 27.92 – 56.13 43.01 79.87 105.42

Accommodation and food services ................ – 25.04 4.62 14.14 23.99 – 62.00 105.64 57.89 109.24

Other services ................................................... 10.01 11.78 9.66 23.48 – – 106.18 45.57 116.76 193.81

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.19 3.49 2.95 4.08 5.32 6.18 7.94 17.51 42.45 32.80

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.94 4.48 3.43 5.52 5.72 8.67 12.18 21.07 41.24 39.41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.98 3.57 3.93 4.54 16.80 22.06 13.71 33.75 33.01 85.17

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.23 2.93 3.39 2.70 5.74 5.08 6.00 10.44 18.53 25.09

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.12 3.88 3.14 2.89 6.68 7.01 14.12 11.86 16.29 32.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.60 3.60 4.69 5.24 2.86 11.63 10.08 7.26 19.70 39.48

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.76 5.16 5.78 5.43 10.57 15.71 15.19 14.72 26.56 31.66

New England ..................................................... 7.85 12.78 7.65 11.16 23.08 11.18 44.60 28.50 57.51 83.88

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.38 5.62 3.09 8.92 11.18 18.54 10.94 14.59 51.00 30.25

South ..................................................................... 4.62 3.72 1.43 5.26 3.10 8.12 10.51 11.83 25.78 54.32

South Atlantic .................................................... 7.37 5.70 2.33 6.63 11.02 10.74 14.08 20.50 21.02 30.78

East South Central ............................................ 6.05 6.47 1.61 8.54 8.36 16.86 10.72 16.87 51.94 52.96

West South Central ........................................... 7.26 3.50 3.18 4.21 8.27 12.08 34.34 28.59 56.76 152.05

Midwest ................................................................. 2.19 1.88 1.58 1.46 6.12 7.13 12.01 10.41 24.98 59.82

East North Central ............................................. 3.80 2.49 2.28 6.51 10.12 3.52 9.56 13.28 9.02 59.98

West North Central ............................................ 5.42 5.29 1.77 5.00 4.73 13.62 38.27 16.02 63.66 69.70

West ...................................................................... 4.98 5.36 5.74 2.18 4.60 8.44 16.60 11.07 30.91 91.39

Mountain ............................................................ 7.80 7.10 8.84 5.20 19.70 13.83 26.51 14.57 8.40 40.64

Pacific ................................................................ 6.35 10.50 6.61 6.39 3.17 10.31 17.81 20.32 36.51 131.93

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 238
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 56 55 98 42 41 98 34 32 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 77 76 99 58 57 99 59 57 96

Management, business, and financial ............... 82 81 99 66 65 99 64 61 95

Professional and related .................................... 74 74 99 53 53 99 57 55 96

Service ................................................................... 30 29 95 24 23 98 12 11 96

Protective service .............................................. 34 33 97 25 25 96 10 10 98

Sales and office ..................................................... 54 53 98 41 40 96 32 31 97

Sales and related ............................................... 40 39 98 34 32 95 19 18 95

Office and administrative support ...................... 64 63 99 46 45 97 40 40 98

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 52 51 98 35 34 98 24 24 97

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 44 43 98 29 29 99 17 17 99

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 60 59 98 41 40 97 32 31 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 64 62 98 48 47 97 30 29 96

Production ......................................................... 68 68 99 52 52 99 34 33 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 59 57 97 44 42 95 26 25 97

Full time ................................................................. 70 69 99 51 50 98 44 42 96

Part time ................................................................ 14 13 91 17 16 93 4 3 90

Union ..................................................................... 83 80 97 66 64 96 37 36 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 54 53 98 40 39 98 33 32 96

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 23 95 18 18 96 6 6 95

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 15 14 92 10 10 98 3 3 95

Second 25 percent ............................................ 56 55 98 42 40 97 28 27 96

Third 25 percent ................................................ 72 71 99 53 52 98 46 44 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 82 81 99 63 62 99 63 60 96

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 85 99 67 66 99 69 66 95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 70 69 99 53 52 99 38 36 96

Construction ...................................................... 43 42 97 29 28 97 16 15 98

Manufacturing .................................................... 82 81 99 65 65 99 48 46 96

Service-providing industries .................................. 53 52 98 40 39 97 33 32 96

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 55 53 97 43 41 95 24 23 95

Wholesale trade ............................................. 71 70 99 55 54 97 45 44 97

Retail trade .................................................... 42 41 96 35 33 94 12 10 90

Transportation and warehousing ................... 71 68 96 53 50 94 33 31 96

Utilities ........................................................... 94 94 100 49 47 97 88 88 99

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 239
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 83 82 100 77 76 99 70 69 98

Financial activities ............................................. 79 79 99 66 65 98 66 63 95

Finance and insurance .................................. 91 90 100 77 75 98 78 74 95

Credit intermediation and related activities 93 92 99 77 74 96 84 79 94

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 87 87 100 75 75 99 71 69 98

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 48 47 98 35 34 97 34 33 95

Professional and business services .................. 56 55 98 41 41 99 40 39 97

Professional and technical services .............. 71 70 99 57 57 99 57 55 98

Administrative and waste services ................ 32 29 93 19 19 99 14 14 99

Education and health services ........................... 62 61 99 39 38 98 42 41 97

Educational services ...................................... 67 66 99 42 42 100 55 54 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 87 86 99 54 53 100 80 78 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 61 98 38 37 97 40 39 97

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 22 22 97 20 20 100 5 5 100

Accommodation and food services ................ 21 21 97 19 19 100 3 3 100

Other services ................................................... 32 31 99 27 26 98 18 18 99

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 40 98 32 31 99 25 24 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 35 99 30 29 99 23 22 98

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 54 52 97 38 37 98 31 30 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 75 74 98 55 53 97 45 43 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 69 68 98 48 47 97 36 35 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 84 82 98 64 62 97 57 54 94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 54 53 99 67 67 99 33 32 96

New England ..................................................... 60 58 98 45 44 98 42 41 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 52 51 99 75 75 99 30 29 96

South ..................................................................... 55 54 98 34 33 97 32 31 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 56 55 98 35 33 97 33 32 96

East South Central ............................................ 54 53 98 33 32 97 31 30 95

West South Central ........................................... 55 54 98 33 32 97 30 29 97

Midwest ................................................................. 59 57 97 44 42 97 37 35 95

East North Central ............................................. 59 58 98 44 43 97 36 34 95

West North Central ............................................ 58 56 97 42 40 95 39 37 95

West ...................................................................... 56 56 99 33 33 99 34 33 98

Mountain ............................................................ 61 60 99 38 38 98 36 35 97

Pacific ................................................................ 54 54 99 31 31 99 33 33 98

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 240
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2019

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.7 0.3 1.9 1.9 0.4 1.8 1.5 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.7 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 4.3 4.5 1.6 4.8 4.7 1.8 2.8 2.9 1.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.6 0.2 1.8 1.8 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.9 0.4 1.9 1.9 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.6 2.6 0.5 2.6 2.6 0.4 2.3 2.3 0.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 2.4 0.5 2.3 2.3 0.8 2.1 2.0 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 1.9 0.3 2.1 2.0 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.7

Production ......................................................... 2.7 2.7 0.3 2.5 2.5 0.3 1.6 1.6 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 2.0 0.5 2.9 2.8 0.7 1.8 1.7 0.7

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 0.5 0.5 5.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.5 2.0 1.9 0.5 2.0 1.9 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 2.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.4 4.3 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.8 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.1 1.5 1.5 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.6 0.2 2.2 2.2 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 2.0 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.6

Construction ...................................................... 2.9 2.9 0.8 2.4 2.5 1.0 1.8 1.8 0.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.2 2.4 2.4 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 0.7 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 1.8 0.3 2.8 2.7 0.8 2.6 2.5 0.8

Retail trade .................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.7 3.5 0.7 4.3 4.2 0.9 2.6 2.5 0.9

Utilities ........................................................... 2.4 2.4 0.0 5.2 5.3 2.6 6.4 6.4 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 241
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 2.7 2.7 0.1 3.3 3.3 0.5 3.4 3.4 0.8

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.7 0.2 1.7 1.6 0.4 2.1 1.7 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.1 1.6 1.4 0.3 1.4 1.0 0.9

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.2 1.2 0.2 2.7 2.5 0.7 1.8 1.9 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.5 1.5 3 ( ) 2.7 2.7 0.2 2.2 2.2 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.9 4.8 1.1 4.3 4.1 1.9 4.8 4.6 2.8

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 2.9 0.9 3.3 3.3 0.4 2.5 2.4 1.4

Professional and technical services .............. 3.0 3.0 0.4 4.2 4.2 0.5 4.1 4.0 0.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.1 2.3 3.1 2.3 2.3 0.5 2.0 2.1 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 2.5 0.8 1.8 1.9 1.3 2.2 2.3 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 2.4 2.4 0.2 2.4 2.4 0.1 2.8 2.8 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 2.0 0.3 2.1 2.1 0.1 2.1 2.0 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 2.9 0.9 2.1 2.1 1.5 2.5 2.6 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.9 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.1 2.0 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.2

Other services ................................................... 3.6 3.6 0.8 3.6 3.4 1.4 3.6 3.6 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 1.8 0.5 2.2 2.1 0.5 1.9 1.9 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.5 0.2 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.7 0.8 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.9 1.8 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 1.7 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.6 1.6 0.8

New England ..................................................... 3.2 3.2 0.5 2.7 2.8 0.6 2.2 2.0 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 2.0 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.2 2.0 1.9 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.7 1.6 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.8 0.4 1.4 1.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 4.1 4.6 1.2 5.9 5.9 0.5 4.0 4.3 2.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 2.5 0.5 3.8 3.7 0.4 1.6 1.5 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 2.4 0.8 1.6 1.6 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 3.1 0.8 2.0 2.0 0.3 1.8 1.4 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 3.4 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.2 2.6 3.0

West ...................................................................... 2.0 2.1 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.2 2.2 2.2 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 1.8 0.1 2.0 2.0 0.4 1.8 1.8 0.7

Pacific ................................................................ 2.9 3.0 0.5 2.9 2.9 0.2 3.0 3.1 0.5

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 242
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 4 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 97

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97

Professional and related .................................... 3 97

Service ................................................................... 4 96

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 95

Sales and related ............................................... 7 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 3 97

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 5 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95

Production ......................................................... 4 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 6 94

Full time ................................................................. 4 96

Part time ................................................................ 3 97

Union ..................................................................... 2 98

Nonunion ............................................................... 4 96

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 96

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8 92

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 97

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 9 91

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 97

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 5 95

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5 95

Retail trade .................................................... 6 94

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4 96

Utilities ........................................................... – 100

Financial activities ............................................. 4 96

Finance and insurance .................................. 3 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 2 98

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 4 96

Professional and business services .................. 2 98

Education and health services ........................... 1 99

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 243
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Educational services ...................................... 2 98

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 1 99

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6 94

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 94

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 95

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 95

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4 96

New England ..................................................... 4 96

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4 96

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 4 96

East South Central ............................................ 5 95

West South Central ........................................... 6 94

Midwest ................................................................. 3 97

East North Central ............................................. 3 97

West North Central ............................................ 4 96

West ...................................................................... 3 97

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 2 98

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 244
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 1.7 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9

Production ......................................................... 1.0 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.8 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 1.6 1.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.7 0.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.0 1.0

Retail trade .................................................... 0.9 0.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 1.7 1.7

Utilities ........................................................... – 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.6 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.6 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.3 1.3

Professional and business services .................. 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 245
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.1 2.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.6 2.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.6 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.7

New England ..................................................... 1.6 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.7 0.7

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.8

Pacific ................................................................ 0.6 0.6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 246
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry workers, 

March 2019

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 60 2 35 2 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 72 1 24 2 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 74 1 23 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 70 1 25 2 1

Service ................................................................... 49 – 46 2 –

Protective service .............................................. 57 – 42 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 64 3 31 2 1 ( )

Sales and related ............................................... 63 4 31 1 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 64 2 31 2 1 ( )

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 17 1 79 4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 50 1 44 4 1

Production ......................................................... 46 – 47 5 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 54 – 40 3 –

Full time ................................................................. 61 2 34 2 1

Part time ................................................................ 47 – 41 7 –

Union ..................................................................... 42 4 44 9 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 63 2 34 1 1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 44 1 52 3 1 ( )

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 30 – 67 3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 57 2 39 2 1 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 59 2 35 3 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 70 2 25 2 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 74 2 21 1 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 19 – 79 2 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 63 2 32 2 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 57 3 36 4 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 52 2 43 2 1

Retail trade .................................................... 54 5 35 5 1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 63 – 32 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 74 4 19 3 –

Information ......................................................... 78 3 13 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 80 2 17 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 84 2 13 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 86 – 10 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 83 2 15 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 61 – 39 – –

Professional and business services .................. 66 2 30 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 63 4 32 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 247
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

Administrative and waste services ................ 54 – 44 1 –

Education and health services ........................... 65 – 29 3 –

Educational services ...................................... 63 2 32 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 73 4 21 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 65 – 29 4 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 37 – 63 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 28 – 72 – –

Other services ................................................... 48 – 52 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 52 1 45 1 1 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 54 1 44 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 48 – 48 2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 66 2 28 3 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 59 3 35 3 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 74 2 20 3 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 68 3 23 5 1

New England ..................................................... 67 – 25 5 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 – 23 4 –

South ..................................................................... 61 2 34 2 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 62 3 33 – –

East South Central ............................................ 61 4 32 – –

West South Central ........................................... 60 – 37 1 –

Midwest ................................................................. 57 1 39 3 1 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 56 – 40 3 –

West North Central ............................................ 60 – 37 2 –

West ...................................................................... 55 1 41 1 1

Mountain ............................................................ 55 – 42 1 –

Pacific ................................................................ 56 1 40 1 1

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 248
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 0.4 1.5 0.4 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 0.5 1.9 0.7 0.3

Service ................................................................... 3.7 – 3.6 0.5 –

Protective service .............................................. 12.6 – 12.6 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 0.5 1.5 0.4 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.6 2.1 0.4 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 0.5 1.8 0.6 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 2.2 0.4 2.6 0.9 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 0.5 2.3 0.6 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.4 – 2.7 0.9 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.3 – 2.9 0.7 –

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 4.1 – 3.7 1.0 –

Union ..................................................................... 2.8 1.6 2.5 1.0 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.3 0.2 3.3 0.7 0.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.9 – 5.8 0.9 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.7 1.4 0.4 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.4 1.6 0.5 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 0.8 2.1 0.4 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 2.0 – 2.3 0.6 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.1 0.5 1.9 0.5 0.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4.6 0.8 4.4 0.5 0.5

Retail trade .................................................... 2.0 0.9 1.9 1.0 0.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.4 – 4.8 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 3.6 1.5 2.9 1.1 –

Information ......................................................... 3.3 1.3 3.1 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 0.7 1.4 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.2 0.8 1.1 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.2 – 1.6 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.8 0.4 1.7 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.4 – 6.5 – –

Professional and business services .................. 3.6 0.8 3.6 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 5.5 1.5 5.1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 249
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

Administrative and waste services ................ 5.6 – 5.6 0.6 –

Education and health services ........................... 3.1 – 2.4 1.2 –

Educational services ...................................... 3.4 1.0 3.1 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 1.6 2.1 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.5 – 2.7 1.3 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6.7 – 6.7 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.2 – 5.2 – –

Other services ................................................... 6.5 – 6.5 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 0.3 1.8 0.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 – 3.3 0.7 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 0.4 1.4 0.5 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 0.5 2.0 0.8 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.8 1.4 0.5 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.3 1.3 2.2 0.8 0.3

New England ..................................................... 5.0 – 2.9 2.3 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.0 – 3.0 0.5 –

South ..................................................................... 2.4 0.4 2.2 0.6 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.7 0.5 2.8 – –

East South Central ............................................ 6.3 1.9 8.4 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 – 3.3 0.4 –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.4 1.6 0.5 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 – 1.6 0.6 –

West North Central ............................................ 3.4 – 3.7 0.8 –

West ...................................................................... 2.8 0.4 3.0 0.3 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.1 – 4.3 0.6 –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.6 0.5 3.9 0.2 0.4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 250
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, private industry

workers, March 2019

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 1 65 9 21 4 1.3 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 62 9 24 5 1.4 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 56 9 27 6 1.4 1.0

Professional and related .................................... – 65 9 22 – 1.3 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1 78 – 9 – 1.2 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 92 – – – 1.1 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 68 8 19 5 1.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1 76 7 15 2 1.2 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 64 9 20 6 1.3 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... – 65 – 10 – 1.3 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 65 10 22 – 1.3 1.0

Production ......................................................... – 55 9 32 – 1.4 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 75 11 12 – 1.2 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 65 10 21 4 1.3 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 79 7 14 – 1.2 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 1 76 4 19 1 1.2 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 64 10 21 4 1.3 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 81 7 12 1 1.2 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 89 – 6 – 1.1 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 70 12 13 4 1.3 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 64 9 21 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 60 9 26 4 1.4 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 56 9 31 4 1.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... – 59 – – – 1.5 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 69 9 18 4 1.3 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 71 10 16 – 1.2 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 60 14 21 5 1.4 1.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 81 7 12 – 1.2 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 69 – – – 1.2 1.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 62 – 29 – 1.4 1.0

Information ......................................................... – 58 – 30 5 1.4 1.0

Financial activities ............................................. 2 65 5 24 5 1.4 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 2 63 4 26 5 1.4 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 1 67 5 20 7 1.4 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 56 4 34 – 1.4 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 79 6 – – 1.2 1.0

Professional and business services .................. – 65 9 21 5 1.3 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 65 12 18 – 1.3 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 251
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

Administrative and waste services ................ – 64 – 26 – 1.3 1.0

Education and health services ........................... – 73 12 11 – 1.2 1.0

Educational services ...................................... – 58 11 18 – 1.3 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 57 12 16 – 1.3 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 75 – 10 3 1.2 1.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 79 – 17 – 1.2 1.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 95 – – – 1.0 1.0

Other services ................................................... – 49 – 31 – 1.6 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 63 14 17 5 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1 61 15 17 5 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 66 11 17 – 1.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 67 7 22 3 1.3 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 67 7 22 – 1.3 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 66 7 23 3 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 64 10 20 5 1.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... – 56 – 30 2 1.4 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 67 9 16 6 1.3 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1 66 8 22 4 1.3 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 69 9 18 3 1.3 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 73 5 – 6 1.3 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – 58 8 30 – 1.4 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 69 8 18 – 1.3 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 69 9 18 – 1.3 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 68 8 18 – 1.3 1.0

West ...................................................................... 3 ( ) 62 13 22 3 1.3 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 64 – 19 – 1.3 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 61 12 24 – 1.3 1.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 252
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 1.9 1.0 1.4 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 2.6 1.4 1.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Service ................................................................... 0.2 5.3 – 1.8 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 3.8 – – – 2 ( ) 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.3 2.4 1.9 1.5 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... – 9.4 – 2.6 – 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 1.8 1.7 2.3 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Production ......................................................... – 2.7 2.1 3.3 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.3 2.7 2.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.8 1.6 2.8 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 3.8 0.9 3.8 0.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 2.9 1.7 2.5 0.4 2 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 3.6 – 2.4 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 2.5 2.6 1.3 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.8 1.0 1.4 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 1.5 0.9 1.4 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.1 3.0 1.3 2.5 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... – 7.3 – – – 0.1 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 1.7 1.3 1.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 3.3 2.5 2.8 2.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 1.6 1.0 1.3 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 4.5 – – – 0.1 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 4.3 – 4.0 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Information ......................................................... – 3.8 – 4.2 1.9 2 ( ) 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 0.3 1.9 0.8 1.6 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.3 1.9 0.9 1.7 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.2 2.6 1.2 2.2 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 3.0 1.4 2.5 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 5.2 2.4 – – 0.1 0.0

Professional and business services .................. – 3.0 2.0 3.7 1.7 2 ( ) 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 4.3 3.6 4.4 – 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 253
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

Administrative and waste services ................ – 6.6 – 7.0 – 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 3.9 3.1 2.4 – 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 3.4 2.2 3.1 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.3 1.8 2.4 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.5 – 2.8 1.2 0.1 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 4.9 – 5.0 – 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2.2 – – – 2 ( ) 0.0

Other services ................................................... – 9.8 – 7.3 – 0.1 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 3.4 3.0 2.2 1.1 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.6 2.4 2.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 1.3 0.6 1.3 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 2.1 0.9 1.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 1.7 0.9 1.6 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 2.9 1.4 1.5 1.6 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 6.4 – 5.7 0.4 0.1 0.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 2.9 1.1 1.6 2.1 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.2 2.0 1.3 2.4 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.3 2.5 1.8 3.1 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 2.4 2.5 – 1.5 2 ( ) 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 4.8 2.3 5.3 – 0.1 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 1.4 1.6 1.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 1.5 2.0 1.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 2.7 2.8 2.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

West ...................................................................... 0.2 3.2 2.8 2.4 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 6.7 – 3.0 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.7 2.1 3.3 – 2 ( ) 0.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 254
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 80 $50,000 – $250,000 $750,000 – 20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 50,000 $100,000 400,000 1,000,000 $2,000,000 19

Management, business, and financial ............... 82 50,000 100,000 300,000 – 2,000,000 18

Professional and related .................................... 80 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 20

Service ................................................................... 87 50,000 50,000 – 1,000,000 – 13

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 50,000 50,000 200,000 600,000 – 18

Sales and related ............................................... 86 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 81 50,000 – 250,000 600,000 2,000,000 19

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 72 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 28

Production ......................................................... 75 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 25

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 50,000 50,000 100,000 400,000 600,000 31

Full time ................................................................. 81 50,000 – 250,000 750,000 2,000,000 19

Part time ................................................................ 69 50,000 100,000 250,000 850,000 – 31

Union ..................................................................... 77 – 100,000 150,000 – 1,000,000 23

Nonunion ............................................................... 81 50,000 – 300,000 750,000 2,000,000 19

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 81 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 19

Second 25 percent ............................................ 82 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 18

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 50,000 70,000 250,000 600,000 – 21

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 80 50,000 100,000 400,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 80 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 71 50,000 50,000 200,000 – 750,000 29

Service-providing industries .................................. 82 50,000 – 250,000 750,000 2,000,000 18

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 76 50,000 50,000 100,000 – – 24

Wholesale trade ............................................. 89 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 11

Retail trade .................................................... 76 50,000 50,000 50,000 250,000 1,000,000 24

Transportation and warehousing ................... 67 50,000 – 100,000 – 500,000 33

Utilities ........................................................... 66 – – – 1,000,000 1,000,000 34

Information ......................................................... 86 – – – 2,000,000 5,000,000 14

Financial activities ............................................. 84 50,000 100,000 300,000 – 2,000,000 16

Finance and insurance .................................. 82 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 18

Credit intermediation and related activities 87 50,000 – 250,000 650,000 2,000,000 13

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 71 – 250,000 – – – 29

Professional and business services .................. 82 50,000 – – 1,000,000 2,000,000 18

Administrative and waste services ................ 77 50,000 – – – 2,000,000 23

Education and health services ........................... 83 50,000 100,000 – 750,000 – 17

Educational services ...................................... 85 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 500,000 15

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 500,000 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 82 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 1,500,000 18

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 92 20,000 – 200,000 – 1,000,000 8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 80 50,000 – 200,000 – 2,000,000 20

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 83 50,000 – 250,000 – 2,000,000 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 25

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 255
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

100 workers or more .............................................. 81 $50,000 $70,000 $300,000 $750,000 $1,500,000 19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 80 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 20

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 77 50,000 100,000 250,000 – 1,000,000 23

New England ..................................................... 67 50,000 – – – 1,000,000 33

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 81 50,000 100,000 250,000 – 1,000,000 19

South ..................................................................... 82 50,000 50,000 250,000 750,000 2,000,000 18

South Atlantic .................................................... 84 50,000 50,000 250,000 – 2,000,000 16

East South Central ............................................ 81 50,000 – – – 1,000,000 19

West South Central ........................................... 79 50,000 50,000 – – 2,000,000 21

Midwest ................................................................. 80 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 – 20

East North Central ............................................. 81 50,000 100,000 250,000 – – 19

West North Central ............................................ 79 50,000 50,000 250,000 500,000 – 21

West ...................................................................... 81 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 2,000,000 19

Mountain ............................................................ 79 50,000 – 500,000 – – 21

Pacific ................................................................ 82 50,000 100,000 – – 2,000,000 18

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 256
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March

2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 $0.00 – $41,452.14 $50,182.79 – 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.00 $0.00 82,999.62 31,606.96 $0.00 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.00 6,451.74 46,524.19 – 0.00 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 0.00 – 70,380.22 0.00 182,482.88 2.0

Service ................................................................... 3.0 0.00 0.00 – 263,812.43 – 3.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 59,342.02 155,035.29 – 1.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 – 53,202.44 144,265.38 1.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 0.00 – 43,795.89 152,744.27 460,385.16 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.5 0.00 – – 0.00 31,606.96 2.5

Production ......................................................... 3.4 0.00 – 74,684.34 27,372.43 0.00 3.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.8 0.00 12,104.54 0.00 92,149.34 99,949.99 3.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 0.00 – 45,419.54 55,687.18 584,230.26 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.9 0.00 0.00 68,126.26 235,112.74 – 3.9

Union ..................................................................... 3.5 – 18,542.45 27,372.43 – 136,862.16 3.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.00 – 67,048.49 95,803.51 571,625.97 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.7 6,888.58 0.00 – 143,687.16 261,275.72 3.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 0.00 0.00 27,750.00 88,461.86 – 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 0.00 20,564.78 42,444.43 148,527.50 – 1.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.00 0.00 75,653.40 0.00 0.00 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 0.00 0.00 112,397.45 0.00 158,034.81 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 5.0 0.00 0.00 59,131.21 – 64,517.44 5.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 0.00 – 42,444.43 124,520.33 541,716.02 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.6 0.00 0.00 0.00 – – 2.6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.4 0.00 9,124.14 40,548.58 70,232.20 – 2.4

Retail trade .................................................... 3.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 47,410.44 151,856.02 3.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.4 0.00 – 16,423.46 – 147,122.40 4.4

Utilities ........................................................... 5.9 – – – 266,012.22 292,115.13 5.9

Information ......................................................... 2.9 – – – 0.00 0.00 2.9

Financial activities ............................................. 1.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 1.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 0.00 0.00 17,069.71 0.00 0.00 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.7 0.00 – 41,971.06 121,045.45 129,034.88 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.3 – 74,332.38 – – – 2.3

Professional and business services .................. 3.0 0.00 – – 121,731.26 0.00 3.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 5.6 0.00 – – – 0.00 5.6

Education and health services ........................... 2.8 0.00 4,562.07 – 211,583.76 – 2.8

Educational services ...................................... 3.1 0.00 12,903.49 48,897.24 134,407.03 0.00 3.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 0.00 0.00 15,803.48 129,034.88 0.00 2.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.2 0.00 28,490.13 – 228,103.59 427,960.28 3.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.9 5,080.11 – 58,423.03 – 0.00 2.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 0.00 – 51,135.92 – 129,034.88 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 0.00 – 63,875.52 – 0.00 2.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.3 0.00 – – 27,372.43 252,855.69 4.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.00 18,832.02 24,987.50 159,084.88 177,393.63 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 0.00 0.00 21,878.93 0.00 – 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 257
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $91,241.44 1.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 0.00 0.00 46,299.97 – 0.00 2.3

New England ..................................................... 7.5 0.00 – – – 129,034.88 7.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.00 4,562.07 32,897.57 – 0.00 1.4

South ..................................................................... 2.4 0.00 5,161.40 43,833.89 182,995.39 584,230.26 2.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 0.00 5,161.40 50,997.35 – 584,230.26 3.3

East South Central ............................................ 4.8 0.00 – – – 0.00 4.8

West South Central ........................................... 4.4 0.00 11,541.23 – – 575,833.96 4.4

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 0.00 – 38,169.03 52,414.22 – 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 0.00 25,628.94 55,687.18 – – 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 0.00 0.00 58,280.36 0.00 – 3.0

West ...................................................................... 2.0 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 3.1 0.00 – 0.00 – – 3.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.7 0.00 22,162.47 – – 0.00 2.7

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 258
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 private industry

workers, March 2019

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $10,000 – $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10,000 $15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Management, business, and financial ............... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 52,000

Service ................................................................... 5,000 10,000 – 20,000 –

Protective service .............................................. – 10,000 – – 50,000

Sales and office ..................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Sales and related ............................................... – – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... 10,000 – 20,000 50,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10,000 15,000 20,000 26,000 50,000

Production ......................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Transportation and material moving .................. 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ 5,000 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 45,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 15,000 25,000 50,000 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Service-providing industries .................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Wholesale trade ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Retail trade .................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 20,000 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 10,000 – 20,000 35,000 50,000

Utilities ........................................................... 10,000 – – 50,000 50,000

Information ......................................................... – – – 50,000 50,000

Financial activities ............................................. 15,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Finance and insurance .................................. 15,000 25,000 – 50,000 50,000

Credit intermediation and related activities – 20,000 30,000 50,000 50,000

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 15,000 25,000 – 50,000 50,000

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 15,000 – – 50,000

Professional and business services .................. 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 25,000 50,000 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 259
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Administrative and waste services ................ $10,000 $10,000 – – $50,000

Education and health services ........................... 10,000 10,000 $25,000 $50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10,000 – – 50,000 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 10,000 10,000 – 50,000 50,000

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 5,000 – – 15,000 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 5,000 – – 15,000 20,000

Other services ................................................... 10,000 – – – 50,000

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 10,000 – 20,000 40,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10,000 12,000 20,000 – 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... – 10,000 20,000 50,000 52,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 25,000 50,000 –

New England ..................................................... 10,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 25,000 50,000 –

South ..................................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... – 10,000 – 25,000 50,000

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 – 25,000 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... – 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 – 20,000 50,000 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 260
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 – $0.00 $7,960.52 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.00 $0.00 0.00 0.00 1,590.85

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 0.00 0.00 2,838.77 0.00 8,443.65

Service ................................................................... 0.00 790.17 – 4,375.79 –

Protective service .............................................. – 0.00 – – 4,605.66

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

Sales and related ............................................... – – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.00 – 912.41 2,580.70 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 0.00 2,559.64 0.00 0.00 364.97

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.00 364.97 0.00 3,645.09 0.00

Production ......................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,505.38 0.00

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.00 – 0.00 – 2,414.02

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 456.21 0.00 3,832.14 0.00

Part time ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 1,988.56 5,241.42 11,755.64

Union ..................................................................... 706.75 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 1,759.80 0.00 – 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 912.41 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 1,580.35 3,452.74 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 2,738.76 0.00 930.48 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 3,366.05 912.41 10,898.67 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,861.60

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 2,040.22 7,412.49 0.00 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,414.02 0.00

Service-providing industries .................................. 1,672.48 1,507.56 0.00 11,027.76 0.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 790.17 2,133.96 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,290.35 0.00

Retail trade .................................................... 0.00 0.00 5,913.12 3,649.66 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2,731.15 – 0.00 10,016.63 5,550.00

Utilities ........................................................... 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00

Information ......................................................... – – – 0.00 0.00

Financial activities ............................................. 2,365.25 2,234.95 6,766.65 0.00 0.00

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.00 2,737.24 – 0.00 0.00

Credit intermediation and related activities – 3,533.77 7,633.81 0.00 0.00

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 0.00 – – 0.00

Professional and business services .................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 5,698.03 0.00 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 261
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Administrative and waste services ................ $2,227.49 $1,824.83 – – $0.00

Education and health services ........................... 0.00 516.14 $3,871.05 $0.00 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 0.00 4,260.11 0.00 0.00 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – – 0.00 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.00 – – 0.00 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.00 – – 0.00 4,080.44

Other services ................................................... 0.00 – – – 0.00

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 1,714.27 0.00 – 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 0.00 4,080.44 – 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.00 – 0.00 5,161.40 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.00 3,155.42 0.00 – 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... – 1,984.37 1,580.35 912.41 2,815.21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 0.00 0.00 –

New England ..................................................... 1,644.88 – 4,279.60 10,235.32 13,159.03

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 912.41 0.00 –

South ..................................................................... 0.00 4,069.20 0.00 6,318.76 0.00

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2,470.27 – 0.00 0.00

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 912.41 1,328.50 – 0.00

Midwest ................................................................. 0.00 – 0.00 7,069.89 0.00

East North Central ............................................. 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 948.21 – 0.00 7,315.26 0.00

West ...................................................................... – 1,852.00 0.00 9,452.19 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 0.00 1,290.35 – 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ 1,315.90 – 912.41 11,988.44 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 262
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 15 85

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 12 88

Management, business, and financial ............... 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Service ................................................................... 29 71

Protective service .............................................. 31 69

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 84

Sales and related ............................................... 18 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 88

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 12 88

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 89

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 87

Production ......................................................... 11 89

Transportation and material moving .................. 15 85

Full time ................................................................. 12 88

Part time ................................................................ 41 59

Union ..................................................................... 11 89

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 84

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 29 71

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 38 62

Second 25 percent ............................................ 17 83

Third 25 percent ................................................ 13 87

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 11 89

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 11 89

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 90

Construction ...................................................... 16 84

Manufacturing .................................................... 10 90

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 83

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 19 81

Wholesale trade ............................................. 20 80

Retail trade .................................................... 22 78

Utilities ........................................................... 8 92

Information ......................................................... 5 95

Financial activities ............................................. 8 92

Finance and insurance .................................. 6 94

Credit intermediation and related activities 5 95

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 5 95

Professional and business services .................. 15 85

Administrative and waste services ................ 37 63

Education and health services ........................... 19 81

Educational services ...................................... 15 85

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7 93

Health care and social assistance ................. 20 80

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 263
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 24 76

Accommodation and food services ................ 25 75

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 20 80

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 18 82

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 24 76

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 12 88

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 88

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 37 63

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 44 56

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 4 96

West South Central ........................................... 4 96

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95

East North Central ............................................. 4 96

West ...................................................................... 9 91

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 11 89

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 264
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 1.2

Service ................................................................... 2.9 2.9

Protective service .............................................. 7.5 7.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.2 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.5 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 2.0

Production ......................................................... 1.8 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.7 3.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 2.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8.5 8.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 1.6

Construction ...................................................... 3.0 3.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 1.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.6 1.6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.6 3.6

Retail trade .................................................... 1.7 1.7

Utilities ........................................................... 2.9 2.9

Information ......................................................... 1.6 1.6

Financial activities ............................................. 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.6 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.8 0.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.4 1.4

Professional and business services .................. 2.5 2.5

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.6 4.6

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 2.7

Educational services ...................................... 3.0 3.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 265
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.1 3.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.7 4.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 1.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 3.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.7

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.0

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 1.2 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 266
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry

workers, March 2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 5 2 72 20 1 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 1 70 27 –

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 – 61 36 –

Professional and related .................................... – 1 77 21 –

Service ................................................................... 3 1 90 6 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 92 8 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 1 71 25 1

Sales and related ............................................... 4 – 72 22 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 1 70 26 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 – 64 14 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 32 – 57 6 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 4 70 21 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 – 69 11 –

Production ......................................................... 16 – 65 12 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 10 – 74 9 –

Full time ................................................................. 5 2 71 21 1 ( )

Part time ................................................................ – 3 87 9 –

Union ..................................................................... 18 14 56 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 1 75 21 1 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 – 83 11 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 1 79 14 1 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6 – 72 18 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 – 64 29 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 – 64 33 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15 – 64 17 –

Construction ...................................................... 27 2 66 5 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 12 – 64 19 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 2 2 75 21 1 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 5 4 75 15 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5 – 74 18 –

Retail trade .................................................... – 4 78 15 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 8 8 74 – –

Utilities ........................................................... – – 48 51 –

Information ......................................................... – – 39 60 –

Financial activities ............................................. – 2 50 48 –

Finance and insurance .................................. – 2 43 55 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 32 66 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 54 43 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 91 5 –

Professional and business services .................. – 1 74 24 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 78 20 –

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 83 – –

Education and health services ........................... 2 – 91 7 –

Educational services ...................................... – – 79 19 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 76 23 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 267
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 93 5 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6 – 88 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 – 87 – –

Other services ................................................... – – 86 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 1 79 15 1 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 – 77 17 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 – 82 11 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 – 68 24 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 – 73 20 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 5 63 28 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 – 84 13 –

New England ..................................................... 4 3 73 21 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2 – 87 11 –

South ..................................................................... 4 3 66 27 1 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 3 2 68 25 1

East South Central ............................................ – 6 64 23 –

West South Central ........................................... 3 2 64 30 –

Midwest ................................................................. 11 – 65 21 –

West North Central ............................................ 12 – 68 18 –

West ...................................................................... 3 3 72 22 1

Mountain ............................................................ 5 – 69 23 –

Pacific ................................................................ 3 2 74 21 1

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 268
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 0.2 1.7 1.6 –

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 – 2.2 2.1 –

Professional and related .................................... – 0.3 1.9 1.7 –

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.3 2.0 1.9 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 2.5 2.5 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 – 2.0 2.0 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.2 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 – 2.0 1.6 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.9 – 3.4 1.4 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 1.2 2.6 2.7 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 – 1.9 1.6 –

Production ......................................................... 1.6 – 2.5 1.7 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 – 2.6 2.5 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – 0.4 1.7 1.7 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 2.2 2.5 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 – 2.1 2.0 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.2 1.9 1.5 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 – 1.2 1.0 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 – 1.6 1.5 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 – 2.6 2.5 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 – 2.0 1.7 –

Construction ...................................................... 2.5 0.3 2.8 1.7 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.3 – 2.3 2.0 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.6 – 3.1 3.3 –

Retail trade .................................................... – 0.9 1.6 1.6 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.0 2.5 3.6 – –

Utilities ........................................................... – – 7.3 7.1 –

Information ......................................................... – – 3.6 3.6 –

Financial activities ............................................. – 0.6 2.3 2.4 –

Finance and insurance .................................. – 0.6 2.4 2.4 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 2.2 2.3 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 3.3 3.3 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 3.4 1.9 –

Professional and business services .................. – 0.3 3.1 3.0 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 3.9 4.0 –

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 7.0 – –

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 – 1.5 1.3 –

Educational services ...................................... – – 3.4 3.6 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 1.9 2.0 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 1.5 1.3 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 269
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.5 – 3.2 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.4 – 4.0 – –

Other services ................................................... – – 5.2 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 – 1.8 1.4 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 – 2.0 1.4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 – 1.3 1.1 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 – 1.5 1.4 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 0.8 2.0 1.9 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.3 – 1.1 1.2 –

New England ..................................................... 1.0 1.3 2.4 2.9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.3 – 1.1 1.1 –

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.5 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.5 2.2 2.2 0.1

East South Central ............................................ – 2.6 5.2 3.8 –

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.6 2.8 2.3 –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 – 2.1 2.4 –

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 – 2.2 1.5 –

West ...................................................................... 0.8 0.6 2.2 1.6 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 0.6 – 5.0 3.6 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 0.4 2.0 1.4 0.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 270
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 94 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 95 5

Management, business, and financial ............... 96 4

Professional and related .................................... 94 6

Service ................................................................... 95 5

Protective service .............................................. 100 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 94 6

Sales and related ............................................... 92 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 95 5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 93 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 94 6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 93 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 92 8

Production ......................................................... 90 10

Transportation and material moving .................. 95 5

Full time ................................................................. 94 6

Part time ................................................................ 95 5

Union ..................................................................... 90 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 95 5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 94 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 96 4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 94 6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 97 3

Service-providing industries .................................. 95 5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 93 7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 92 8

Retail trade .................................................... 95 5

Transportation and warehousing ................... 93 7

Utilities ........................................................... 89 11

Information ......................................................... 87 13

Financial activities ............................................. 94 6

Finance and insurance .................................. 94 6

Credit intermediation and related activities 93 7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 97 3

Professional and business services .................. 95 5

Professional and technical services .............. 94 6

Education and health services ........................... 97 3

Health care and social assistance ................. 98 2

Other services ................................................... 100 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 96 4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 271
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 92 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 94 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 96 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 5

New England ..................................................... 96 4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 95 5

South ..................................................................... 93 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 94 6

West South Central ........................................... 94 6

Midwest ................................................................. 94 6

East North Central ............................................. 94 6

West North Central ............................................ 93 7

West ...................................................................... 96 4

Mountain ............................................................ 95 5

Pacific ................................................................ 96 4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash

indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 272
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, private industry workers, March

2019

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.9

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 0.0 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 1.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.5 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 1.2

Production ......................................................... 1.8 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.1

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 0.9 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 0.9 0.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.4 2.4

Utilities ........................................................... 3.4 3.4

Information ......................................................... 3.0 3.0

Financial activities ............................................. 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.8 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.1 1.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.9 0.9

Professional and business services .................. 1.3 1.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.1 2.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.8 0.8

Other services ................................................... 0.0 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 273
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

New England ..................................................... 0.8 0.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.6 0.6

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.4 0.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 2.0 2.0

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 274
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1 23 2 43 17 13 61.7 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 16 – 46 17 20 63.9 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 13 – 49 21 15 63.5 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 17 – 45 15 23 64.2 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 35 5 40 17 – 58.2 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 39 – 37 – – 58.2 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 31 2 38 17 11 60.8 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 37 – 36 14 12 61.1 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 28 3 39 19 11 60.7 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 24 – 41 22 7 59.7 60.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 33 – 30 25 – 58.6 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 19 – 48 19 8 60.4 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2 18 2 46 18 15 62.2 60.0

Production ......................................................... – 15 – 45 14 21 63.4 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 21 – 46 22 8 61.0 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 22 2 45 16 15 62.0 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 36 – 30 26 4 59.6 60.0

Union ..................................................................... – 27 – 40 18 8 59.6 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 23 2 43 17 14 61.9 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 34 – 36 19 7 59.2 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 31 3 41 16 8 59.1 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 19 2 47 18 13 62.2 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 16 1 43 17 22 64.6 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 14 – 41 15 28 66.4 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... – 26 7 39 22 – 59.0 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 2 ( ) 25 2 43 18 12 61.2 60.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 32 – 39 20 8 60.6 60.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 15 – 49 23 12 63.9 60.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 48 – 29 15 5 57.6 58.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 21 – 46 – 8 62.4 60.0

Utilities ........................................................... – – – 38 – 38 68.2 67.0

Information ......................................................... – 13 – 59 13 – 61.3 60.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 23 – 41 14 20 63.4 60.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 18 – 42 13 25 65.0 60.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 28 – 43 15 13 61.0 60.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 13 – 48 14 24 64.8 60.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 37 – 38 – – 58.9 60.0

Professional and business services .................. – 12 – 37 24 27 65.8 66.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 13 – 35 16 34 66.9 60.0

Administrative and waste services ................ – 14 – 36 35 – 63.5 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 25 – 52 15 6 59.7 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 32 – 32 – 26 65.2 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 24 – 37 7 32 67.7 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 275
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

Health care and social assistance ................. – 23 – 55 16 3 59.0 60.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 42 9 39 8 – 56.4 58.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 47 9 34 7 – 56.0 58.0

Other services ................................................... – – – 36 26 – 59.2 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 ( ) 24 3 41 20 12 61.6 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1 26 4 37 20 12 61.4 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 21 – 48 20 10 62.0 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 23 2 44 15 15 61.8 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 24 2 42 16 14 61.2 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 22 – 47 14 16 62.5 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 40 – 25 28 6 59.7 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 7 – 58 19 13 63.4 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 46 – 19 30 5 59.1 60.0

South ..................................................................... – 15 – 58 11 15 62.1 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 16 – 58 10 14 61.4 60.0

East South Central ............................................ – 12 – 56 – – 64.6 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 16 – 57 – – 62.1 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 17 – 56 10 17 62.5 60.0

West North Central ............................................ – 17 – 53 14 16 63.0 60.0

West ...................................................................... – – 12 40 14 21 64.0 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 12 2 53 – 19 62.5 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 11 17 34 15 – 64.8 60.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 276
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers,

 March 2019

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.0 0.4 1.8 1.0 1.3 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 1.6 – 3.1 1.5 3.1 0.7 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 1.9 – 3.1 2.9 1.7 0.5 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 2.1 – 4.2 1.7 4.6 1.0 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 4.0 1.3 4.9 2.4 – 0.5 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 8.9 – 9.4 – – 1.4 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 1.6 0.5 1.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.1 – 3.1 1.6 3.0 1.2 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 1.9 0.9 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 2.5 – 3.3 2.5 1.8 0.5 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 5.6 – 5.6 4.7 – 1.0 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 2.5 – 3.7 2.8 1.6 0.4 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 2.3 0.7 2.8 2.3 1.6 0.4 0.0

Production ......................................................... – 2.8 – 4.2 3.2 2.5 0.5 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 3.6 – 2.8 3.7 1.7 0.8 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 1.0 0.5 1.7 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 4.0 – 4.3 3.3 0.8 0.6 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 3.0 – 4.0 3.1 2.2 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.1 0.5 1.9 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.8 – 3.4 2.4 1.1 0.5 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 1.7 0.8 2.4 1.6 0.9 0.3 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.4 0.3 2.3 1.8 1.7 0.4 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 1.5 0.4 2.8 1.4 2.7 0.7 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1.8 – 3.8 2.4 4.7 1.1 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... – 3.7 1.7 4.3 3.1 – 0.6 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 1.2 0.5 2.1 1.1 1.6 0.4 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 1.4 – 1.8 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 2.0 – 4.8 4.6 3.2 1.1 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 2.2 – 2.6 1.2 1.1 0.4 6.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 3.9 – 6.2 – 2.4 1.1 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – – – 8.4 – 9.3 1.6 3.2

Information ......................................................... – 3.1 – 5.4 3.7 – 0.8 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 2.5 – 2.8 2.6 2.1 0.7 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 1.6 – 2.8 1.6 2.8 0.9 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 3.1 – 3.7 1.7 3.2 1.5 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 2.5 – 4.8 2.6 4.1 1.1 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 8.5 – 7.2 – – 1.6 0.0

Professional and business services .................. – 1.8 – 5.4 3.1 5.9 1.3 8.3

Professional and technical services .............. – 3.5 – 7.0 3.0 8.9 1.9 8.8

Administrative and waste services ................ – 3.9 – 7.6 5.3 – 1.4 9.5

Education and health services ........................... – 2.2 – 3.6 2.6 0.8 0.3 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 2.6 – 4.0 – 3.4 1.3 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 2.7 – 3.9 1.9 4.1 1.6 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 2.4 – 3.9 3.0 0.8 0.4 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 7.6 1.6 6.7 1.9 – 0.9 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 277
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers,

 March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

Accommodation and food services ................ – 8.3 2.9 8.9 2.9 – 0.9 8.9

Other services ................................................... – – – 6.7 5.7 – 1.4 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.2 1.7 0.9 3.1 2.0 2.6 0.6 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.2 2.0 1.2 3.5 1.9 3.3 0.7 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.8 – 4.8 3.6 2.3 1.0 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 1.3 0.4 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 1.9 0.3 2.7 1.7 1.6 0.4 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.0 – 2.6 2.4 1.5 0.6 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.3 – 2.7 1.8 0.7 0.3 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 2.6 – 5.7 4.1 1.8 0.8 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.5 – 2.9 1.8 0.7 0.3 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 2.0 – 3.3 1.8 2.5 0.7 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.8 – 5.0 2.0 3.5 0.8 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 2.5 – 9.5 – – 3.0 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 3.9 – 3.6 – – 1.2 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 2.8 – 3.5 1.4 1.7 0.6 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 3.9 – 6.6 2.8 2.7 0.8 0.0

West ...................................................................... – – 2.7 4.8 2.9 5.5 1.0 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 2.3 0.9 7.0 – 1.8 0.6 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 1.8 4.3 5.9 3.2 – 1.4 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 278
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 76 $170 $220 $637 $1,500 $2,500 24

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 73 170 500 1,000 2,307 3,000 27

Management, business, and financial ............... 80 170 595 1,000 2,000 2,500 20

Professional and related .................................... 70 170 500 1,000 2,325 3,000 30

Service ................................................................... 71 170 170 594 – – 29

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 170 200 637 1,500 2,500 18

Sales and related ............................................... 85 170 200 500 1,250 – 15

Office and administrative support ...................... 81 170 200 750 1,730 2,500 19

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 83 170 – 594 1,000 2,000 17

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 86 170 170 500 – – 14

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 82 170 – 600 1,250 2,500 18

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 170 350 594 1,000 2,000 23

Production ......................................................... 70 170 300 604 1,500 2,500 30

Transportation and material moving .................. 85 170 500 590 1,000 1,500 15

Full time ................................................................. 76 170 300 750 1,730 2,500 24

Part time ................................................................ 82 170 170 500 637 – 18

Union ..................................................................... 83 170 200 500 633 1,250 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 76 170 231 683 1,846 2,500 24

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 76 170 175 600 – 2,000 24

Second 25 percent ............................................ 79 170 200 600 1,162 2,500 21

Third 25 percent ................................................ 78 170 450 700 1,750 2,500 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 73 170 500 1,000 2,300 2,600 27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 170 595 1,200 2,500 3,000 30

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 74 170 350 700 1,500 2,500 26

Construction ...................................................... 89 170 – 594 900 1,500 11

Manufacturing .................................................... 69 170 – 750 – – 31

Service-providing industries .................................. 77 170 200 637 1,500 2,500 23

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 87 170 200 500 1,000 2,500 13

Wholesale trade ............................................. 83 170 500 650 1,250 2,500 17

Retail trade .................................................... 91 170 200 200 677 2,500 9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 86 170 – 500 633 – 14

Utilities ........................................................... 57 – 500 – 2,500 – 43

Information ......................................................... 80 – 1,500 2,300 2,500 2,500 20

Financial activities ............................................. 64 170 633 1,000 2,500 3,500 36

Finance and insurance .................................. 55 170 1,000 1,385 2,769 5,770 45

Credit intermediation and related activities 70 170 840 1,385 2,700 – 30

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 44 – 1,000 1,000 2,500 – 56

Professional and business services .................. 77 170 595 1,150 2,000 2,500 23

Education and health services ........................... 70 170 – 637 2,000 2,500 30

Educational services ...................................... 64 170 170 637 – – 36

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 44 170 170 – 1,500 – 56

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 170 230 637 2,000 2,500 29

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 74 170 170 – 1,000 1,500 26

Accommodation and food services ................ 69 170 170 – 632 – 31

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 279
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Other services ................................................... 92 $170 $594 $1,000 $1,000 $1,500 8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 77 170 200 633 1,000 2,000 23

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 75 170 170 633 1,200 2,000 25

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 80 170 – 632 1,000 2,000 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 170 275 750 2,000 2,889 24

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 170 – 692 – 2,500 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 70 170 – – 2,500 3,000 30

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 87 170 170 500 650 – 13

New England ..................................................... 69 – 500 750 – 3,000 31

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 90 170 170 220 637 – 10

South ..................................................................... 72 200 500 1,000 2,307 2,500 28

South Atlantic .................................................... 75 200 500 1,000 2,300 2,500 25

East South Central ............................................ 64 200 500 1,000 1,500 – 36

West South Central ........................................... 72 300 750 1,500 2,500 2,750 28

Midwest ................................................................. 67 200 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 33

West North Central ............................................ 62 275 500 1,000 2,000 – 38

West ...................................................................... 73 – 594 1,000 2,020 2,771 27

Mountain ............................................................ 66 – – 1,500 2,000 2,500 34

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 280
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.7 $0.00 $39.56 $8.55 $0.00 $0.00 1.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.2 0.00 97.51 71.61 13.28 388.38 3.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.3 0.00 53.78 255.16 357.11 415.00 2.3

Professional and related .................................... 4.5 0.00 69.70 68.88 188.81 267.91 4.5

Service ................................................................... 4.2 0.00 0.91 37.03 – – 4.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 5.67 41.97 0.00 1.5

Sales and related ............................................... 3.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 298.93 – 3.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.00 43.44 109.80 304.66 0.00 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 0.00 – 36.59 0.00 250.26 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 0.00 50.17 117.01 – – 3.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.7 0.00 – 37.23 271.26 427.92 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.1 0.00 79.02 50.35 127.83 168.72 2.1

Production ......................................................... 3.0 0.00 65.26 60.56 176.06 237.01 3.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 11.93 97.31 98.97 0.00 0.00 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.7 0.00 59.65 73.66 406.64 0.00 1.7

Part time ................................................................ 3.6 0.00 0.00 99.96 2.37 – 3.6

Union ..................................................................... 3.0 0.00 37.93 0.00 4.52 370.67 3.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.8 0.00 67.46 63.02 475.88 0.00 1.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.3 0.00 35.98 46.36 – 354.21 3.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 0.00 7.90 22.37 207.00 145.10 2.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 0.00 85.96 86.04 404.77 40.80 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 316.16 378.48 2.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.4 0.00 80.34 283.99 235.47 89.12 4.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.4 0.00 86.07 85.54 34.84 0.00 2.4

Construction ...................................................... 3.2 0.00 – 50.33 207.86 349.59 3.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 3.0 0.00 – 138.65 – – 3.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.0 0.00 3.65 1.48 120.01 0.00 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 79.01 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.5 0.00 61.46 91.30 325.80 418.12 2.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 168.04 122.95 1.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.4 0.00 – 0.00 116.99 – 2.4

Utilities ........................................................... 8.6 – 76.75 – 664.25 – 8.6

Information ......................................................... 5.2 – 289.54 70.99 0.00 223.49 5.2

Financial activities ............................................. 3.0 0.00 165.44 0.00 299.25 909.32 3.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.1 0.00 233.39 179.29 394.73 198.71 3.1

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.0 0.00 179.77 264.55 272.30 – 3.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 5.2 – 289.68 270.74 0.00 – 5.2

Professional and business services .................. 6.4 0.00 45.99 291.62 319.21 0.00 6.4

Education and health services ........................... 4.0 0.00 – 12.90 435.98 389.25 4.0

Educational services ...................................... 3.4 0.00 0.00 123.04 – – 3.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 0.00 0.00 – 348.62 – 3.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.6 0.00 57.34 20.82 326.77 437.58 4.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6.1 0.00 3.87 – 267.44 0.00 6.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 6.8 0.00 2.04 – 37.49 – 6.8

Other services ................................................... 2.9 0.00 52.41 182.48 142.03 3.65 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 281
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.1 $0.00 $29.13 $2.61 $213.00 $0.00 3.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.1 0.00 16.72 4.79 135.20 354.09 4.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.8 0.00 – 28.51 0.00 353.53 3.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.00 66.79 57.20 258.84 493.76 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.00 – 86.83 – 0.00 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.3 0.00 – – 146.57 0.00 2.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.2 0.00 0.00 18.25 14.37 – 2.2

New England ..................................................... 7.9 – 0.00 152.79 – 417.92 7.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.0 0.00 0.00 42.99 0.00 – 2.0

South ..................................................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 122.49 115.66 453.48 2.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.5 0.00 3.87 51.61 254.29 542.32 3.5

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 0.00 0.00 176.69 353.38 – 3.9

West South Central ........................................... 4.6 75.04 87.97 219.48 110.74 353.55 4.6

Midwest ................................................................. 3.1 0.00 34.90 0.00 501.90 0.00 3.1

West North Central ............................................ 3.8 66.58 0.00 55.48 433.36 – 3.8

West ...................................................................... 6.7 – 0.45 21.18 298.39 477.79 6.7

Mountain ............................................................ 9.1 – – 243.09 56.02 26.52 9.1

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 282
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 5 95

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 96

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97

Professional and related .................................... 5 95

Service ................................................................... 6 94

Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94

Sales and related ............................................... 6 94

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6 94

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 8 92

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95

Production ......................................................... 3 97

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 93

Full time ................................................................. 5 95

Part time ................................................................ 4 96

Union ..................................................................... 6 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 95

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 7 93

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 96

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5 95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 4 96

Construction ...................................................... 8 92

Manufacturing .................................................... 4 96

Service-providing industries .................................. 5 95

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 11 89

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6 94

Retail trade .................................................... 15 85

Transportation and warehousing ................... 13 87

Utilities ........................................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 283
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Financial activities ............................................. 2 98

Finance and insurance .................................. 2 98

Credit intermediation and related activities 1 99

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1 99

Professional and business services .................. 4 96

Professional and technical services .............. 5 95

Education and health services ........................... 5 95

Educational services ...................................... 9 91

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 11 89

Health care and social assistance ................. 4 96

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 100

Accommodation and food services ................ – 100

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 95

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 94

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 4 96

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 95

New England ..................................................... 3 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6 94

South ..................................................................... 6 94

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 14 86

West South Central ........................................... 6 94

Midwest ................................................................. 4 96

East North Central ............................................. 4 96

West North Central ............................................ 5 95

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 284
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.5

Service ................................................................... 2.0 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.7

Production ......................................................... 0.5 0.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 0.8

Construction ...................................................... 2.7 2.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.7 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.6 1.6

Retail trade .................................................... 2.9 2.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.2 2.2

Utilities ........................................................... 2.6 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 285
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Financial activities ............................................. 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.4 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.4 0.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.3 0.3

Professional and business services .................. 1.1 1.1

Professional and technical services .............. 1.1 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 0.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.1

New England ..................................................... 1.2 1.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 1.4

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 3.2 3.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 2.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.6 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 0.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 286
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 95 3 2 1 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 95 4 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 96 4 – –

Professional and related .................................... 95 5 – –

Service ................................................................... 98 1 – –

Protective service .............................................. 96 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 97 3 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 96 4 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 97 3 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 84 4 8 4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 93 4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 92 – 6 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 – 3 –

Full time ................................................................. 95 3 2 1 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 91 7 – –

Union ..................................................................... 81 2 14 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 96 3 – –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 2 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 95 2 3 1 ( )

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 5 1 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 6 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 88 5 6 1

Manufacturing .................................................... 91 – 5 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 96 3 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 93 5 2 1 ( )

Wholesale trade ............................................. 94 4 1 –

Retail trade .................................................... 93 6 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 92 5 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 87 9 – 4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 287
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

Information ......................................................... 96 2 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 98 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 98 – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 99 1 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 95 – – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 97 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 95 4 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 97 – – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 98 2 – –

Educational services ...................................... 97 3 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 97 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 99 – – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 – – –

Other services ................................................... 97 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 96 2 1 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 96 3 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 97 1 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 94 4 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 4 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 5 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 4 – –

New England ..................................................... 96 – 2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 5 – –

South ..................................................................... 94 5 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 96 4 – –

East South Central ............................................ 93 3 – –

West South Central ........................................... 92 8 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 92 – 5 –

East North Central ............................................. 92 – 5 –

West North Central ............................................ 93 – 4 –

West ...................................................................... 98 1 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Mountain ............................................................ 98 1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 98 – – 1 ( )

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 288
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.8 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 0.8 – –

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.9 – –

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.5 – –

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 1.1 1.1 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 1.0 1.2 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 1.4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 – 1.7 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 – 1.4 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 1.9 – –

Union ..................................................................... 3.0 0.6 3.0 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.5 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.6 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.2 1.4 0.4

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.0 – 1.6 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 2.1 0.6 –

Retail trade .................................................... 1.6 1.3 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.3 1.8 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 2.6 2.7 – 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 289
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

Information ......................................................... 1.1 0.9 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 1.2 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.5 0.3 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.4 – – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.2 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 1.9 1.9 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 1.6 – – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 0.0 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.6 – –

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.7 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.6 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.7 – – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.0 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.0 – – –

Other services ................................................... 1.9 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.6 0.4 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.8 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.1 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 – –

New England ..................................................... 1.7 – 0.7 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.0 2.1 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.0 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.0 – –

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 0.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.8 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 – 0.9 –

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 – 1.3 –

West North Central ............................................ 1.5 – 0.8 –

West ...................................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1

Mountain ............................................................ 0.7 0.4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 – – 0.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 290
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2019

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 28 62 5 4 1 57.6 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 28 61 5 4 1 57.5 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 23 68 5 4 1 57.9 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 32 57 6 – – 57.2 60.0

Service ................................................................... 40 52 – 3 – 56.7 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 37 – – – 59.4 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 29 62 3 5 1 57.4 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... 27 65 – 4 – 57.1 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 30 60 3 6 1 57.5 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 70 8 – – 59.0 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 23 71 5 – – 57.7 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 22 68 5 4 1 58.4 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 22 73 – 4 – 58.1 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 28 62 5 4 1 57.6 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 32 59 – 5 – 57.0 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 32 61 4 – – 57.3 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 28 62 5 5 1 57.6 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 30 59 – 5 – 57.4 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 26 64 4 4 1 57.8 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 28 62 6 4 1 57.6 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 30 58 6 4 1 57.5 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 23 60 12 4 1 58.8 60.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 24 57 13 – – 58.8 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 29 62 3 4 1 57.4 60.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 22 69 3 5 1 58.1 60.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 18 77 – – 2 58.4 60.0

Retail trade .................................................... 21 67 – 8 – 58.3 60.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 26 67 – 6 – 57.6 60.0

Utilities ........................................................... 37 39 16 – – 57.6 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 291
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

Information ......................................................... 37 53 – 6 – 56.3 60.0

Financial activities ............................................. 34 56 4 6 1 57.1 60.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 38 53 – 5 – 56.7 60.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 37 52 – 6 – 56.9 60.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 40 51 6 2 – 56.2 60.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 75 – – – 60.1 60.0

Professional and business services .................. 27 68 – 3 – 57.0 60.0

Professional and technical services .............. 31 63 3 3 – 56.4 60.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 21 77 – – – 58.1 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 32 58 – 4 – 57.3 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 76 8 10 – 60.9 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 77 5 9 – 60.8 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 38 55 – – – 56.6 60.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 75 – – – 57.5 60.0

Other services ................................................... – 70 – – – 60.3 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 62 5 5 2 58.3 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 63 4 3 2 58.1 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 24 57 8 8 1 58.6 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 29 62 4 4 2 ( ) 57.2 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 23 68 – 5 – 58.0 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 57 4 – – 56.3 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 25 70 1 3 2 ( ) 57.5 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 71 2 3 – 57.5 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 26 69 – 3 – 57.5 60.0

South ..................................................................... 31 61 2 5 1 56.9 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 31 62 2 4 1 56.7 60.0

East South Central ............................................ 27 66 – 4 – 57.4 60.0

West South Central ........................................... 32 56 3 – – 57.1 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 22 68 5 – – 58.1 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 23 68 5 – – 57.9 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 21 69 – 5 – 58.4 60.0

West ...................................................................... 32 51 10 – – 58.1 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 29 58 – 3 – 57.9 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ 33 48 10 – – 58.2 60.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 292
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.5 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.4 2.8 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.2 2.4 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 3.1 3.6 1.4 – – 0.4 0.0

Service ................................................................... 5.4 5.2 – 1.1 – 1.1 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 11.2 – – – 1.9 0.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 3.1 3.1 – 1.1 – 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.1 2.0 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.6 3.1 1.6 – – 0.5 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.3 3.3 1.3 – – 0.4 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 2.5 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.6 3.8 – 1.4 – 0.5 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 4.1 4.3 – 1.4 – 0.5 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 4.1 3.6 1.0 – – 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.6 2.5 – 1.0 – 0.5 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 2.1 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 2.6 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.0 4.4 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 2.5 2.1 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.0 2.5 2.2 – – 0.4 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.7 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.0 2.3 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.0 3.3 – – 0.9 0.4 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... 3.6 4.3 – 1.5 – 0.5 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.6 5.7 – 2.2 – 0.8 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... 5.4 6.2 3.6 – – 0.8 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 293
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

Information ......................................................... 4.2 4.8 – 2.0 – 0.7 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.9 1.1 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.9 2.1 – 0.9 – 0.2 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 2.3 – 1.3 – 0.3 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 3.4 2.5 0.8 – 0.4 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 7.4 – – – 0.9 0.0

Professional and business services .................. 4.9 5.5 – 1.1 – 0.6 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. 6.0 6.5 1.2 1.0 – 0.7 0.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.5 5.1 – – – 0.4 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 2.6 2.5 – 1.4 – 0.7 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 3.2 2.7 1.9 – 0.2 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.4 1.4 1.9 – 0.3 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 2.9 – – – 0.8 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 10.4 – – – 1.0 0.0

Other services ................................................... – 8.0 – – – 0.9 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.8 2.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.5 3.5 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.9 4.5 3.0 2.8 0.7 0.6 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.8 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.3 2.4 – 1.0 – 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.2 2.2 1.1 – – 0.4 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.1 3.0 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 7.2 0.9 0.6 – 1.1 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.2 2.9 – 1.1 – 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.7 3.1 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 1.7 – 1.5 – 0.2 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 5.5 4.0 0.9 – – 0.9 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 2.5 1.2 – – 0.2 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 3.6 1.5 – – 0.3 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 2.6 – 2.2 – 0.4 0.0

West ...................................................................... 4.3 4.4 2.2 – – 0.8 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 4.5 4.1 – 1.1 – 0.7 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 6.0 5.8 2.2 – – 1.1 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 294
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 92 $4,000 $5,000 $10,000 $13,000 $20,000 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

Management, business, and financial ............... 90 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Professional and related .................................... 93 4,500 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 7

Service ................................................................... 98 3,000 5,000 7,000 – 15,000 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 10

Sales and related ............................................... 90 5,000 5,000 8,000 12,500 20,000 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 90 4,500 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 90 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 91 3,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 – – 7,000 10,000 15,000 6

Full time ................................................................. 92 4,000 5,000 10,000 13,000 20,000 8

Part time ................................................................ 89 4,500 5,000 7,000 – 20,000 11

Union ..................................................................... 91 – – 7,000 10,000 15,000 9

Nonunion ............................................................... 92 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 92 4,000 5,000 7,500 12,000 15,000 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 92 4,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 – 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 91 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 9

Manufacturing .................................................... 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 10

Service-providing industries .................................. 92 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,000 8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 89 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 11

Wholesale trade ............................................. 87 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 13

Transportation and warehousing ................... 94 – – 8,000 10,000 15,000 6

Utilities ........................................................... 72 – 10,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 28

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 295
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... 94 $4,000 $7,500 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 6

Financial activities ............................................. 84 5,000 8,000 – 20,833 25,000 16

Finance and insurance .................................. 82 5,400 10,000 15,000 20,833 30,000 18

Credit intermediation and related activities 87 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 30,000 13

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 71 5,000 10,000 – 17,333 25,000 29

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 97 5,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 3

Professional and business services .................. 93 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 7

Education and health services ........................... 95 – 5,000 6,667 10,000 15,000 5

Educational services ...................................... 90 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 4,000 6,000 9,000 11,500 – 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 96 – 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 – 6,000 – 10,000 10,000 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 – – – 10,000 10,000 –

Other services ................................................... 94 – 5,000 – 10,900 15,000 6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 93 4,500 5,000 8,000 12,000 – 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 92 4,500 5,000 8,500 15,000 20,000 8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 94 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 6

100 workers or more .............................................. 91 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 92 4,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 8

500 workers or more .......................................... 89 3,500 6,667 10,000 15,000 20,000 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 92 – 5,000 10,000 12,500 – 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 – 5,000 10,000 15,000 – 7

South ..................................................................... 92 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 93 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 7

East South Central ............................................ 88 5,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 12

West South Central ........................................... 91 – 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Midwest ................................................................. 89 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 11

East North Central ............................................. 88 3,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 12

West North Central ............................................ 90 – 5,000 8,000 12,500 16,000 10

West ...................................................................... 94 4,500 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 6

Mountain ............................................................ 92 4,500 6,000 10,000 15,000 – 8

Pacific ................................................................ 95 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 5

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 296
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 $263.35 $196.54 $0.00 $2,276.01 $3,400.77 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 129.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.00 374.80 0.00 0.00 832.58 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 719.73 482.80 0.00 712.62 1,244.11 1.3

Service ................................................................... 0.7 303.80 0.00 886.70 – 0.00 0.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 586.64 0.00 129.03 2,671.05 1,137.53 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 0.00 0.00 2,158.09 1,952.65 1,085.56 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 637.26 222.00 0.00 1,790.29 1,064.06 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 – 0.00 508.01 729.93 0.00 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 726.82 0.00 846.14 1,865.44 0.00 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 – 0.00 562.45 0.00 0.00 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 – – 676.66 0.00 0.00 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 231.61 287.37 0.00 2,297.85 3,806.57 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 3.1 302.61 258.07 901.68 – 729.93 3.1

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 – – 1,035.92 0.00 474.10 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.00 1,163.61 0.00 1,877.67 1,632.86 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 487.89 0.00 508.01 2,133.99 0.00 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 251.90 0.00 482.80 738.57 – 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 241.40 433.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 0.00 442.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.00 986.93 0.00 2,137.86 2,120.26 1.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 0.00 1,277.38 0.00 2,791.45 1,842.99 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 129.03 196.54 154.84 2,267.31 2,149.30 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 – 0.00 204.02 0.00 0.00 1.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 – 0.00 682.79 0.00 729.93 1.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.0 – – 2,203.06 2,306.44 790.17 2.0

Utilities ........................................................... 4.2 – 1,375.04 3,745.35 0.00 0.00 4.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 297
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... 2.1 $0.00 $1,234.29 $1,094.90 $0.00 $0.00 2.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 0.00 2,126.14 – 0.00 2,642.61 1.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.8 796.26 0.00 2,138.83 0.00 1,580.35 1.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.9 309.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.5 0.00 2,382.78 – 4,073.89 7,412.49 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.4 893.98 182.48 1,582.98 0.00 2,308.25 1.4

Professional and business services .................. 2.1 0.00 1,298.13 0.00 930.48 688.27 2.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 – 0.00 1,015.05 482.80 0.00 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 434.91 774.21 456.21 1,364.97 0.00 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 1,174.00 316.07 1,387.10 723.52 – 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.6 – 0.00 998.22 555.00 0.00 1.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.0 – 1,264.28 – 0.00 0.00 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.0 – – – 0.00 0.00 –

Other services ................................................... 2.7 – 482.80 – 1,703.06 2,456.75 2.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 638.72 0.00 437.58 1,153.76 – 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 640.87 0.00 1,770.84 3,527.87 988.29 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 – 408.04 632.14 585.28 0.00 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 620.79 182.48 0.00 458.48 2,129.13 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 678.80 491.35 2,260.87 896.95 669.07 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 770.16 754.10 0.00 0.00 372.34 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 – 1,210.45 91.24 3,390.70 – 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 – 1,237.66 302.61 3,351.18 – 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.0 210.82 258.07 0.00 2,180.27 4,894.83 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.00 91.24 0.00 2,346.70 3,089.35 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 1,224.13 0.00 1,372.16 0.00 0.00 3.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 – 516.14 547.45 1,036.30 4,327.45 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 – 0.00 612.07 1,802.26 0.00 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 614.73 0.00 779.57 0.00 0.00 2.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 – 0.00 999.50 2,548.05 2,346.19 1.0

West ...................................................................... 1.0 700.84 0.00 0.00 893.98 0.00 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 943.30 0.00 1,398.70 2,259.03 – 1.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 762.53 0.00 0.00 1,110.00 0.00 1.3

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 298
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 79 73 79 44 54 56 26 18 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 90 90 62 73 76 41 30 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 96 94 96 65 77 79 44 29 94

Professional and related .................................... 88 88 86 61 71 73 39 31 92

Service ................................................................... 56 58 60 25 30 34 10 12 82

Protective service .............................................. 73 74 76 33 35 43 12 9 87

Sales and office ..................................................... 83 75 80 49 56 57 27 18 89

Sales and related ............................................... 75 64 70 41 47 47 21 15 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 82 87 54 63 64 30 20 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 79 66 77 30 43 42 18 11 83

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 68 56 64 21 29 30 10 8 79

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 89 76 90 40 58 55 26 14 86

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 86 69 84 38 60 58 30 9 89

Production ......................................................... 91 68 88 37 63 60 28 10 88

Transportation and material moving .................. 81 71 81 40 57 56 32 8 90

Full time ................................................................. 90 83 91 52 65 66 32 21 90

Part time ................................................................ 47 43 42 18 23 25 10 8 81

Union ..................................................................... 91 86 89 57 77 77 41 17 93

Nonunion ............................................................... 78 72 78 42 52 54 25 18 87

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 56 47 55 23 27 30 10 8 81

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 41 30 42 11 19 24 6 5 79

Second 25 percent ............................................ 82 77 82 43 55 55 23 17 88

Third 25 percent ................................................ 91 86 91 53 66 68 30 20 90

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 90 92 61 76 77 47 30 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 93 94 63 79 80 51 35 95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 89 72 88 38 59 58 29 12 87

Construction ...................................................... 74 58 72 24 32 31 9 8 78

Manufacturing .................................................... 97 79 95 46 74 72 39 15 91

Service-providing industries .................................. 77 73 77 45 53 55 26 19 88

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 83 72 80 45 57 56 29 14 90

Wholesale trade ............................................. 93 87 91 48 69 70 27 16 86

Retail trade .................................................... 77 64 73 41 47 45 21 15 89

Transportation and warehousing ................... 88 79 88 50 69 69 47 10 95

Utilities ........................................................... 99 95 99 63 84 85 53 16 93

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 299
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

Information ......................................................... 95 95 93 80 85 83 44 46 94

Financial activities ............................................. 92 91 92 63 79 82 51 30 95

Finance and insurance .................................. 97 97 97 70 87 89 63 37 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 98 98 98 64 88 90 68 35 98

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 96 96 96 77 85 87 56 38 96

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 77 76 77 43 57 63 16 11 89

Professional and business services .................. 83 76 80 47 53 55 27 21 87

Professional and technical services .............. 94 91 93 63 68 73 42 34 89

Administrative and waste services ................ 69 57 62 23 28 28 10 6 81

Education and health services ........................... 84 84 84 57 63 66 27 23 92

Educational services ...................................... 63 79 56 47 69 68 39 23 88

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 87 73 49 84 88 58 31 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 87 85 88 58 62 66 25 23 92

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 41 48 48 12 19 25 6 11 77

Accommodation and food services ................ 38 45 48 11 17 24 5 11 77

Other services ................................................... 68 59 72 30 38 37 12 11 82

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 72 65 71 34 41 43 16 14 82

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 70 64 70 32 38 40 15 13 79

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 76 68 75 40 53 53 20 16 89

100 workers or more .............................................. 88 84 88 55 69 70 39 23 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 85 80 85 50 63 63 29 18 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 89 92 62 79 81 52 29 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 79 76 77 50 61 66 34 25 88

New England ..................................................... 77 81 76 51 62 64 38 23 90

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 80 75 77 50 61 67 32 26 87

South ..................................................................... 79 68 79 43 54 56 26 15 86

South Atlantic .................................................... 78 68 78 42 54 56 24 14 85

East South Central ............................................ 80 62 78 42 54 59 27 13 86

West South Central ........................................... 80 71 79 44 53 56 28 17 87

Midwest ................................................................. 77 66 77 41 56 55 24 15 89

East North Central ............................................. 76 65 77 40 57 54 24 16 88

West North Central ............................................ 78 70 77 43 53 56 24 13 92

West ...................................................................... 82 86 82 41 47 47 24 21 90

Mountain ............................................................ 82 75 83 50 53 54 25 21 91

Pacific ................................................................ 81 91 81 38 45 44 24 20 89

1 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 300
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.6 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.5 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 2.1 1.0

Service ................................................................... 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 0.9 1.5 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 6.2 6.6 6.1 6.1 6.7 7.5 2.7 2.8 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 2.9 2.9 1.8 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.4 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 1.7 1.1 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 0.7 0.9

Production ......................................................... 1.4 2.6 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.1 0.8 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 1.0 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 2.1 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.9 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.5 1.1 2.4 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.0 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.2 2.2 2.2 1.4 1.8 2.5 1.1 0.8 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 2.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.4 0.6 1.2

Construction ...................................................... 2.7 2.1 2.8 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.3 2.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.8 1.6 1.0 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.0 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.5

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.5 1.9 1.9 1.1

Retail trade .................................................... 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.7 3.9 3.2 3.2 2.3 1.0

Utilities ........................................................... 0.9 2.8 0.9 5.5 4.2 4.4 6.6 3.5 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 301
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

Information ......................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.3 3.5 4.7 1.8

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.3 0.3 0.3 2.3 1.2 1.0 2.0 2.1 0.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.5 1.0 0.8 2.4 2.2 1.7 2.6 3.2 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.7 3.5 3.3 4.7 4.3 4.4 1.9 3.0 2.7

Professional and business services .................. 1.5 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.5 1.3

Professional and technical services .............. 1.4 2.4 1.4 3.5 3.6 2.8 3.0 4.6 2.5

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.8 3.6 3.9 2.1 2.9 3.8 2.2 1.3 2.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 2.3 1.6 2.7 3.4 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.2 2.7 2.3 3.5 2.8 3.2 1.7 2.2 2.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.3 2.1 3.0 2.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.2 2.6 1.7 3.1 3.9 2.5 2.2 2.6 1.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.9 3.0 2.4 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.1 1.7 2.3

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.6 3.4 2.9 2.1 2.1 2.7 1.0 2.0 2.5

Other services ................................................... 3.8 4.3 4.1 3.5 3.9 3.1 2.3 1.9 3.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.5 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.8 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 0.9 1.3

New England ..................................................... 2.9 3.4 2.7 2.5 3.4 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.8 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.5 1.2 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 3.7 5.0 3.4 5.1 4.4 1.4 3.7 1.9 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 4.2 2.9 3.4 2.6 2.1 1.5 2.6 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 1.2 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.8 2.6 1.6 3.3 3.3 3.0 1.5 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.8 2.2 1.7 1.1 2.6 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 1.9 1.9 4.8 1.7 1.4 2.1 4.9 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 3.0 2.4 1.2 3.0 1.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 302
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 8 4 24 14 15 9 13 6 3 1 1 2 8 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 18 12 16 12 18 8 7 3 1 3 9 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 1 16 10 18 11 21 10 5 3 1 2 9 9

Professional and related .................................... 2 1 19 14 15 12 16 7 7 3 1 3 9 8

Service ................................................................... 18 8 28 20 10 6 5 3 1 1 – – 6 6

Protective service .............................................. – – 32 – – – 6 – – – – 2 7 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 5 26 13 13 8 14 4 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

Sales and related ............................................... 27 6 31 9 10 6 7 3 1 1 – – 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 4 24 14 15 10 19 4 3 1 1 1 8 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6 6 35 18 12 8 8 4 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 6 5 41 18 14 7 5 1 – 1 – 1 7 6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 6 31 17 10 8 11 6 3 1 () – – 7 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 23 12 19 10 13 8 2 1 1 () 3 8 8

Production ......................................................... 4 2 18 10 15 13 16 11 3 – – 5 9 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 5 28 13 24 6 10 5 1 – – – 7 7

Full time ................................................................. 5 3 23 14 15 10 15 7 4 1 1 2 8 8

Part time ................................................................ 24 7 32 12 11 5 4 1 1 2 – – 6 6

Union ..................................................................... 2 2 18 15 18 10 13 11 4 1 1 5 9 8

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 4 25 14 14 9 13 5 3 1 1 2 8 7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 23 8 33 15 9 4 4 2 1 – – 1 () 6 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 7 35 15 8 3 5 – – – – – 5 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 5 28 15 14 9 12 5 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 2 23 14 17 9 16 6 3 2 1 3 8 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 1 15 12 17 13 18 9 6 2 1 3 9 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 1 11 10 18 14 22 10 7 3 1 2 9 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3 2 20 12 14 13 17 9 5 2 1 3 9 8

Construction ...................................................... 7 6 43 18 12 6 4 2 – – – – 7 6

Manufacturing .................................................... 1 1 10 10 15 15 21 12 8 2 1 4 9 9

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 4 25 15 15 8 12 5 3 1 1 () 2 8 7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 16 7 30 11 16 6 8 4 1 – – 1 7 6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5 3 26 12 17 11 14 7 – – – 2 8 8

Retail trade .................................................... 30 11 38 9 7 2 1 1 () – – – – 5 6

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 4 21 13 31 4 13 7 1 – – – 8 8

Utilities ........................................................... – – – – 14 27 22 18 7 – – – 9 9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 303
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

Information ......................................................... 3 – 14 26 16 15 12 – – – – – 8 8

Financial activities ............................................. 1 – 12 9 23 15 32 5 2 1 – 1 () 9 9

Finance and insurance .................................. 1 ( ) – 7 7 25 15 36 5 2 1 – 1 9 9

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 4 5 20 6 54 6 2 – – 1 9 10

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 12 10 29 19 21 4 2 – – – 9 8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 28 18 14 12 15 – – – – – 8 7

Professional and business services .................. 3 2 26 12 14 11 17 7 4 – – 1 8 8

Professional and technical services .............. – – 13 13 18 12 25 6 7 – – – 9 9

Administrative and waste services ................ 5 5 42 12 11 8 8 7 – – – – 7 6

Education and health services ........................... 3 5 29 16 14 6 9 5 5 2 1 4 8 7

Educational services ...................................... – 1 2 – 8 6 16 9 10 7 8 29 13 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – – 10 5 16 7 13 11 9 24 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 4 5 32 18 15 6 8 4 5 2 – – 8 7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 32 5 21 29 6 3 – – – – – – 5 6

Accommodation and food services ................ 35 – 21 33 7 – – – – – – – 5 6

Other services ................................................... 13 6 19 16 13 6 8 6 – 4 – 5 8 7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 5 26 15 13 8 12 5 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 11 5 27 15 12 7 12 4 3 1 1 () 1 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 12 5 24 14 16 10 11 6 2 – – 1 7 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 3 21 13 16 10 14 7 4 2 1 3 8 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 4 24 14 14 9 13 6 4 2 1 () 2 8 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 1 18 11 18 12 16 9 5 2 2 5 9 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 8 2 21 14 13 9 13 8 5 3 1 2 8 8

New England ..................................................... 8 2 14 12 14 7 17 14 7 3 – – 9 9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 8 2 23 15 13 10 12 7 5 3 1 2 8 8

South ..................................................................... 10 6 25 14 15 9 11 5 3 – – 2 7 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 12 5 25 15 15 7 11 3 4 – – 1 7 7

East South Central ............................................ 11 6 27 8 14 9 9 9 – – – 4 8 7

West South Central ........................................... 7 6 24 16 14 11 14 5 – – 1 () 2 8 7

Midwest ................................................................. 6 1 29 15 15 8 13 6 2 2 1 () 3 8 7

East North Central ............................................. 5 1 30 15 13 8 14 6 2 – – 4 8 7

West North Central ............................................ 8 1 26 14 19 10 12 5 2 3 – – 8 8

West ...................................................................... 8 5 21 13 15 11 15 5 4 1 1 1 8 8

Mountain ............................................................ 8 5 30 11 15 9 10 5 4 – – – 7 7

Pacific ................................................................ 7 6 16 14 15 12 18 6 4 1 1 1 8 8

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 304
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.2 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.3 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.3 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.3 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.6

Service ................................................................... 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.3 – – 0.2 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – – 5.4 – – – 2.2 – – – – 0.8 0.5 0.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.5 1.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 0.8 2.0 2.1 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 1.0 3.2 3.4 2.4 0.8 1.2 0.6 – 0.4 – 0.2 0.1 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 1.1 2.2 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.2 – – 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.3 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.0

Production ......................................................... 1.1 0.4 1.7 1.0 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.3 0.8 – – 1.0 0.2 0.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.9 0.6 3.1 1.6 2.9 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.3 – – – 0.1 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 1 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.8 – – 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.5 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.3 – – 0.1 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.3 1.2 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.0 1.6 – – – – – 0.2 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.8 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.6 2.7 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.3

Construction ...................................................... 1.6 1.1 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 – – – – 0.1 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.3 – – 0.2 0.1 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.4 – – – 0.6 0.1 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... 2.4 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 – – – – 0.1 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 0.8 4.4 2.7 5.2 1.2 3.5 2.2 0.6 – – – 0.2 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – – – – 3.4 4.2 4.4 3.5 2.8 – – – 0.2 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 305
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

Information ......................................................... 1.4 – 2.5 3.4 1.9 3.0 2.1 – – – – – 0.2 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 0.5 – 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.0 0.4 0.5 – 0.2 0.1 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.2 – 1.3 0.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.1 0.5 0.4 – 0.2 0.1 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 1.4 1.1 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.1 0.7 – – 0.3 0.1 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 2.9 1.6 2.8 2.2 2.2 1.4 0.8 – – – 0.1 0.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 5.3 4.9 3.9 3.3 3.9 – – – – – 0.2 1.0

Professional and business services .................. 1.1 0.8 2.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 3.2 1.3 1.4 – – 0.6 0.2 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. – – 3.0 2.4 2.9 2.2 6.2 1.6 2.0 – – – 0.2 0.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.1 1.8 3.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 – – – – 0.2 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 2.0 3.0 1.8 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 0.7 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.3

Educational services ...................................... – 0.4 0.8 – 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 3.9 0.5 0.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – – 1.5 1.2 2.6 0.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 3.5 0.3 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.4 2.3 3.3 2.1 2.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 0.7 – – 0.1 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.9 2.1 3.2 4.7 2.0 1.1 – – – – – – 0.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.3 – 3.9 6.0 2.3 – – – – – – – 0.3 0.2

Other services ................................................... 2.9 2.1 3.4 4.3 3.2 1.8 2.1 2.7 – 1.4 – 2.0 0.3 0.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 0.7 1.9 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.7 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.5 – – 0.3 0.1 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.4 1.8 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... 1.8 0.8 1.9 2.2 3.7 1.6 2.9 3.7 1.6 1.0 – – 0.1 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 0.4 2.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.1 0.6 1.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.7

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.7 – – 0.3 0.1 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 0.8 2.1 1.9 1.5 0.9 1.3 0.7 1.1 – – 0.4 0.1 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 0.7 3.9 1.1 3.4 0.9 2.8 1.6 – – – 1.3 0.3 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.5 2.8 1.3 – – 1 ( ) 0.6 0.2 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.2 2.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 0.3 0.3 2.9 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.2 0.8 – – 0.9 0.2 0.3

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 0.3 3.2 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.1 0.8 1.5 – – 0.2 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.5 1.1 2.6 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.9 1.9 4.3 1.3 3.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 – – – 0.1 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 2.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.5 3.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 306
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, private industry workers, 

March 2019

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 65 4 32

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 59 5 36

Management, business, and financial ............... 62 6 32

Professional and related .................................... 56 5 39

Service ................................................................... 67 2 31

Sales and office ..................................................... 62 3 35

Sales and related ............................................... 60 4 36

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 3 35

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 69 5 25

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 70 6 24

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 68 5 26

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 2 21

Transportation and material moving .................. 82 2 16

Full time ................................................................. 63 4 33

Part time ................................................................ 76 1 23

Nonunion ............................................................... 62 4 33

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 69 2 29

Second 25 percent ............................................ 65 3 32

Third 25 percent ................................................ 67 3 30

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 60 6 35

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 59 8 33

Establishment characteristics

Construction ...................................................... 72 2 26

Service-providing industries .................................. 63 4 33

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 69 3 28

Wholesale trade ............................................. 73 5 22

Retail trade .................................................... 62 2 36

Transportation and warehousing ................... 78 2 19

Utilities ........................................................... 75 – –

Information ......................................................... 62 7 31

Financial activities ............................................. 58 5 37

Finance and insurance .................................. 53 4 42

Credit intermediation and related activities 68 2 30

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 35 5 60

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 72 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 55 6 38

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 307
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

Education and health services ........................... 53 1 46

Educational services ...................................... 82 5 13

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 84 7 9

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 50

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 76 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 78 – –

Other services ................................................... 67 4 29

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 66 5 30

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 65 5 30

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 67 3 30

100 workers or more .............................................. 64 3 33

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 66 2 32

500 workers or more .......................................... 60 4 36

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 4 25

New England ..................................................... 72 4 24

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 70 4 26

South ..................................................................... 60 5 35

South Atlantic .................................................... 61 4 36

East South Central ............................................ 66 8 26

West South Central ........................................... 58 6 36

West ...................................................................... 68 2 30

Mountain ............................................................ 58 2 40

Pacific ................................................................ 72 2 26

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 308
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, private

industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.3 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 0.6 1.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 0.8 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 0.8 2.4

Service ................................................................... 2.0 0.9 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 0.5 1.6

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 1.2 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.1 0.5 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 1.4 2.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4.2 2.7 3.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.2 1.1 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 0.4 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 0.5 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 0.4 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 0.5 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.4 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 0.7 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.9 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 0.5 1.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.8 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 1.3 2.5

Establishment characteristics

Construction ...................................................... 3.2 0.6 3.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 0.3 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.5 0.5 1.5

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.7 1.1 2.6

Retail trade .................................................... 1.5 0.5 1.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.1 1.0 4.1

Utilities ........................................................... 6.0 – –

Information ......................................................... 6.1 2.5 5.9

Financial activities ............................................. 1.4 0.8 1.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.2 0.7 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.8 0.6 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.7 1.7 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.4 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 4.5 1.7 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 309
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, private

industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 0.7 2.9

Educational services ...................................... 3.6 1.4 3.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.3 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 3.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.9 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.7 – –

Other services ................................................... 5.6 1.4 5.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 0.5 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 0.7 1.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 0.8 2.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 0.5 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 0.6 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.2 0.9 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 0.5 2.0

New England ..................................................... 4.0 0.9 4.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 0.6 2.0

South ..................................................................... 2.6 0.7 2.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.6 0.8 3.9

East South Central ............................................ 2.9 1.0 2.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 1.5 2.7

West ...................................................................... 1.9 0.6 2.1

Mountain ............................................................ 2.4 0.6 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 0.8 2.6

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 310
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, 

March 2019

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 25 54 18 2176

Full time ................................................................. 23 53 21 2176

Part time ................................................................ 35 57 7––66

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 54 18 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 55 14 1165

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 57 15 1165

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 34 49 14 ––65

100 workers or more .............................................. 22 53 22 2 3 () 7 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 27 55 15 2 3 () 7 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 14 51 32 3187

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 24 54 19 3176

Full time ................................................................. 22 53 21 3176

Part time ................................................................ 32 60 7––66

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 54 18 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 56 15 1175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 57 15 1175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 51 13 ––65

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 52 22 4186

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 26 55 15 3176

500 workers or more .......................................... 13 49 32 5198

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 311
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 23 54 19 3176

Full time ................................................................. 22 53 22 3186

Part time ................................................................ 32 59 8––66

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 53 19 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 55 15 1175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 57 15 1175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 50 15 ––75

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 52 23 4186

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 26 55 16 3176

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 49 33 5198

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 23 54 19 3176

Full time ................................................................. 21 53 22 3186

Part time ................................................................ 32 59 8––66

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 54 19 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 55 15 1175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 57 15 1175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 50 15 ––75

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 53 23 4186

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 25 55 16 3176

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 49 32 5198

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 312
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private

industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 2.7 1.1 – – 0.2 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.6 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 3.0 1.9 – – 0.3 3 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 2.6 2.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.5 1.1 – – 0.2 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 3.0 1.9 – – 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.7 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 2.7 2.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 313
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private

industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.5 1.2 – – 0.2 3 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.6 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 3.0 2.0 – – 0.3 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.8 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 2.7 2.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.5 1.2 – – 0.2 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.6 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 3.0 2.0 – – 0.3 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.8 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 2.7 2.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 314
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private industry workers, 

March 2019

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 48 10 38 52

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 54 14 40 46

Management, business, and financial ............... 48 11 38 52

Professional and related .................................... 58 16 42 42

Sales and office ..................................................... 46 9 37 54

Sales and related ............................................... 43 9 34 57

Office and administrative support ...................... 47 9 39 53

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 11 33 56

Full time ................................................................. 48 11 37 52

Nonunion ............................................................... 48 10 38 52

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 49 9 40 51

Third 25 percent ................................................ 46 9 37 54

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 52 13 39 48

Service-providing industries .................................. 51 10 41 49

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 42 6 36 58

Wholesale trade ............................................. 30 5 25 70

Retail trade .................................................... 43 7 36 57

Information ......................................................... 28 – – 72

Financial activities ............................................. 46 9 37 54

Finance and insurance .................................. 53 8 45 47

Credit intermediation and related activities 55 8 47 45

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 28 13 15 72

Education and health services ........................... 73 12 60 27

Educational services ...................................... 75 12 63 25

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 78 14 64 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 9 31 60

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 37 9 28 63

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 49 8 41 51

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 47 8 38 53

New England ..................................................... 46 5 41 54

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 47 10 37 53

South ..................................................................... 46 9 37 54

South Atlantic .................................................... 48 9 39 52

West South Central ........................................... 46 9 37 54

West ...................................................................... 53 13 40 47

Pacific ................................................................ 52 14 37 48

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 315
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private

industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.0 1.4 2.9 3.0

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 3.6 2.4 2.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 0.9 1.3 1.7

Sales and related ............................................... 2.3 1.2 2.2 2.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.5 1.4 1.9 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.1 1.6 2.4 3.1

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.8

Information ......................................................... 3.9 – – 3.9

Financial activities ............................................. 2.3 1.3 2.3 2.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.1 1.3 2.5 2.1

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.7 1.5 2.9 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.5 3.2 3.1 4.5

Education and health services ........................... 3.2 1.1 3.2 3.2

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 1.3 3.1 3.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 1.6 2.5 2.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 1.6 3.0 2.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.8 1.5 3.1 3.8

New England ..................................................... 5.2 2.1 6.8 5.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.7 1.8 3.1 4.7

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 0.9 1.7 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 2.5 4.5 3.0

West ...................................................................... 1.6 1.5 2.4 1.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.8 2.4 1.2

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 316
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry workers, March 2019

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)2

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 5 8 20 60 115 40

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 6 12 30 60 120 47

Management, business, and financial ............... 6 12 23 53 90 42

Professional and related .................................... 6 12 30 65 120 50

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 10 20 48 120 41

Sales and related ............................................... 5 6 12 30 – 29

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 10 21 60 120 46

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 7 20 65 – 51

Full time ................................................................. 5 10 20 60 120 43

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 8 15 40 90 34

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 7 15 – 90 34

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 10 24 60 115 45

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 6 10 23 65 130 51

Service-providing industries .................................. 6 10 22 60 120 44

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 5 8 24 92 150 55

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 5 – 30 60 25

Retail trade .................................................... – 6 17 40 120 34

Information ......................................................... – – – – – 64

Financial activities ............................................. – 12 15 – 90 46

Finance and insurance .................................. – 12 15 – 90 48

Credit intermediation and related activities 10 12 15 30 70 31

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5 9 – 30 48 22

Education and health services ........................... 6 18 40 65 120 52

Educational services ...................................... 10 20 45 – 130 64

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 24 89 127 130 79

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 7 15 30 65 28

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 6 12 30 40 22

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5 – – 48 92 39

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 8 15 63 130 46

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 317
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)2

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

New England ..................................................... 5 5 10 – 130 37

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 8 17 63 – 50

South ..................................................................... 7 10 28 60 120 45

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 10 28 60 120 45

West South Central ........................................... – 11 – 73 – 47

West ...................................................................... 5 7 15 – 100 34

Pacific ................................................................ 5 6 12 – 112 34

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median,

half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the amount shown. At

the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same

logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 318
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)1

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.0 1.5 2.7 5.2 11.8 2.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.0 1.3 4.6 3.6 2.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 2.3 5.1 7.7 19.2 3.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 2.6 4.1 4.4 2.4 2.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.0 1.5 2.7 10.7 7.4 3.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 0.2 1.7 0.0 – 2.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.0 0.3 5.3 5.5 2.3 4.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.0 1.3 2.9 10.5 – 10.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.0 0.9 2.2 0.0 8.3 2.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.0 0.3 1.5 5.4 16.0 1.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.0 1.3 2.9 – 15.1 2.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.0 0.0 4.9 0.5 14.7 3.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.4 5.0 8.5 10.2 4.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.0 3.8 0.5 4.6 2.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.0 2.0 5.4 24.9 15.4 5.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 0.0 – 2.3 15.7 2.6

Retail trade .................................................... – 1.3 2.4 3.5 0.0 1.6

Information ......................................................... – – – – – 13.7

Financial activities ............................................. – 0.6 3.7 – 0.0 4.2

Finance and insurance .................................. – 0.0 3.1 – 0.0 4.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.3 12.0 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 0.5 1.6 – 5.7 8.6 4.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 3.8 7.1 6.1 4.9 2.9

Educational services ...................................... 2.2 2.3 12.9 – 0.0 3.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 0.7 16.8 7.0 0.8 1.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.0 1.7 2.8 0.0 13.4 1.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.0 1.0 1.6 5.8 9.0 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 – – 12.6 20.3 3.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.0 0.5 2.3 3.4 27.9 5.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 319
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)1

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

New England ..................................................... 0.0 0.9 0.0 – 20.2 4.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 0.5 3.6 4.4 – 6.1

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.8 5.8 3.3 13.7 3.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.0 6.4 4.0 17.5 4.1

West South Central ........................................... – 1.8 – 9.5 – 7.3

West ...................................................................... 0.6 1.4 2.6 – 21.5 4.0

Pacific ................................................................ 0.0 0.2 2.8 – 31.5 4.9

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median,

half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the amount shown. At

the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same

logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 320
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 8 32 34 16 7 3 11 10

Full time ................................................................. 5 30 36 18 8 3 11 10

Part time ................................................................ 26 42 22 5––85

Union ..................................................................... 7 41 37 10 4 1 9 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 30 34 17 8 3 11 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 12 37 33 10 6 2 9 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 13 36 33 10 6 1 9 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 42 31 10 – – 9 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 26 36 22 9 4 12 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 32 36 19 6 2 11 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 18 35 27 13 6 14 13

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 3 11 31 33 15 7 15 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 9 31 35 17 7 15 15

Part time ................................................................ 10 25 34 22 5 3 11 10

Union ..................................................................... 1 8 45 32 11 4 14 13

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 12 30 33 16 7 15 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 17 33 31 11 4 13 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 19 32 29 11 3 13 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4 11 36 34 10 5 14 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 6 29 35 19 10 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 7 35 34 17 6 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 4 22 36 23 14 17 15

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 321
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 16 35 23 16 17 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 6 15 36 25 17 18 17

Part time ................................................................ 10 17 25 28 10 9 14 13

Union ..................................................................... 1 3 12 51 24 9 17 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 8 17 33 23 17 17 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 12 22 32 20 10 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 13 23 30 19 10 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4 8 18 38 23 10 16 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 11 38 25 22 19 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 3 14 41 23 17 18 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 3 6 34 28 29 21 20

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 12 19 30 29 20 20

Full time ................................................................. 1 6 12 18 32 31 20 20

Part time ................................................................ 9 16 17 24 16 18 16 15

Union ..................................................................... 1 3 6 12 42 37 21 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 8 13 20 29 28 20 20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 11 18 22 26 18 17 16

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 13 19 22 25 17 16 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4 7 15 24 29 21 18 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 7 16 34 40 22 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 3 9 21 33 33 21 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 2 4 8 35 49 24 25

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 322
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.6 2.1 2.1 0.9 – – 0.4 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 2.6 2.4 1.2 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.1 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 1.5 1.8 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.2 – – 0.4 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.1 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.7

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 2.1 1.9 2.2 0.7 1.4 0.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 1.1 2.9 2.0 1.3 1.4 0.3 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 1.2 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.6 0.4 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.3 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 323
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.2 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.3 2.2 0.4 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.6 2.0 2.7 2.1 1.8 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 1.2 1.9 2.6 2.0 1.9 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.3 2.1 0.4 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.6 1.5 1.3 2.2 2.4 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.2 1.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 1.1 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.0 0.5 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.9 2.1 0.3 0.8

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 324
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 41 14 18 21 23 59 8 12 15 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 51 17 20 23 25 49 11 14 17 19

Management, business, and financial ............... 43 17 20 23 25 57 11 14 17 19

Professional and related .................................... 56 16 20 23 25 44 11 14 17 19

Service ................................................................... 46 14 18 20 22 54 6 11 13 14

Protective service .............................................. 34 16 19 23 25 66 7 9 12 14

Sales and office ..................................................... 43 13 18 21 24 57 8 12 15 17

Sales and related ............................................... 40 11 16 19 23 60 7 11 14 16

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 14 19 22 24 56 8 12 15 18

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 27 10 14 17 19 73 7 11 13 15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 28 9 12 14 16 72 7 10 12 13

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 26 11 15 18 21 74 7 11 15 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 24 10 14 18 21 76 7 11 15 18

Production ......................................................... 26 10 14 18 21 74 7 11 15 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 22 10 15 17 21 78 7 12 15 18

Full time ................................................................. 42 15 19 22 24 58 9 12 15 18

Part time ................................................................ 39 10 14 16 17 61 6 10 13 15

Union ..................................................................... 22 14 18 22 25 78 8 12 16 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 44 14 18 21 23 56 8 12 15 17

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 38 12 16 18 20 62 6 10 13 14

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 29 10 15 16 18 71 5 9 11 12

Second 25 percent ............................................ 41 13 18 21 24 59 7 12 15 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 40 14 18 21 24 60 8 12 15 18

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 46 16 20 23 25 54 10 14 17 19

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 47 16 20 23 25 53 12 15 17 20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 28 10 14 17 20 72 8 12 15 17

Construction ...................................................... 31 9 12 14 16 69 7 10 11 12

Manufacturing .................................................... 28 11 15 19 22 72 8 12 16 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 44 15 19 22 24 56 8 12 15 17

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 31 11 16 19 23 69 7 11 14 17

Wholesale trade ............................................. 29 11 15 18 21 71 8 12 15 17

Retail trade .................................................... 37 10 16 19 24 63 6 11 13 16

Transportation and warehousing ................... 20 11 16 20 24 80 7 12 15 19

Utilities ........................................................... 22 15 18 20 25 78 10 14 17 21

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 325
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

Information ......................................................... 40 17 21 24 26 60 11 14 17 21

Financial activities ............................................. 47 17 21 24 26 53 12 15 17 19

Finance and insurance .................................. 53 17 22 25 27 47 13 16 18 21

Credit intermediation and related activities 40 17 21 25 27 60 12 16 18 21

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 72 18 22 25 27 28 11 14 16 19

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 27 12 15 16 17 73 9 13 15 16

Professional and business services .................. 43 14 18 21 23 57 9 13 15 18

Professional and technical services .............. 57 14 18 20 22 43 10 13 16 18

Administrative and waste services ................ 31 14 18 21 22 69 8 12 15 16

Education and health services ........................... 67 17 21 24 25 33 10 13 16 17

Educational services ...................................... 24 12 15 16 17 76 13 16 19 20

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14 16 20 22 23 86 14 17 19 21

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 17 21 24 26 29 9 12 16 17

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 33 11 15 17 19 67 6 10 13 13

Accommodation and food services ................ 31 10 15 17 19 69 5 10 12 13

Other services ................................................... 33 10 13 14 15 67 8 12 14 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 38 12 16 19 20 62 7 11 13 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 38 12 16 18 20 62 7 11 13 14

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 38 13 17 19 21 62 7 12 14 16

100 workers or more .............................................. 45 15 20 23 26 55 9 13 16 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 42 14 19 21 25 58 8 13 16 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 49 17 21 25 27 51 10 14 17 20

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 37 15 19 21 24 63 9 13 15 17

New England ..................................................... 36 15 19 22 24 64 10 14 16 18

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 37 15 19 21 24 63 9 13 15 17

South ..................................................................... 41 13 18 21 23 59 8 11 14 16

South Atlantic .................................................... 39 14 18 21 23 61 8 12 14 17

East South Central ............................................ 36 14 18 21 24 64 7 11 14 16

West South Central ........................................... 46 13 18 20 22 54 8 11 14 16

Midwest ................................................................. 41 15 19 22 25 59 8 12 15 18

East North Central ............................................. 38 14 19 22 24 62 8 12 16 18

West North Central ............................................ 48 16 20 23 25 52 7 12 15 18

West ...................................................................... 46 14 18 20 22 54 8 12 15 17

Mountain ............................................................ 52 14 18 21 23 48 8 12 15 17

Pacific ................................................................ 44 14 17 20 22 56 9 12 15 17

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 326
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March

2019

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Service ................................................................... 2.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 8.7 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.4 8.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.3 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.9 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.7 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.7 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Construction ...................................................... 2.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 2.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.3 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.4 3.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5

Utilities ........................................................... 4.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 4.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 327
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

Information ......................................................... 4.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 4.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.1 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.0 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.9 6.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6

Professional and business services .................. 2.9 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6

Professional and technical services .............. 3.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 3.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 2.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 3.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 4.3 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 4.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.4 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 4.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 4.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Other services ................................................... 4.1 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.6 4.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 2.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

New England ..................................................... 6.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 6.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 2.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

East South Central ............................................ 4.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 4.1 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 3.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.9 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 3.8 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 3.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

West ...................................................................... 1.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 3.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 328
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 10 7 7 41 50

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 18 18 14 57 67

Management, business, and financial ............... 18 24 14 59 67

Professional and related .................................... 18 14 14 57 67

Service ................................................................... 8 1 5 23 33

Protective service .............................................. 6 – 2 17 29

Sales and office ..................................................... 8 7 6 43 54

Sales and related ............................................... 5 5 4 39 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 10 8 8 45 54

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 1 3 27 34

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 6 1 3 21 25

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 7 2 4 32 43

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 2 3 42 53

Production ......................................................... 7 3 2 46 51

Transportation and material moving .................. 3 2 3 39 54

Full time ................................................................. 12 9 9 46 56

Part time ................................................................ 5 2 3 25 34

Union ..................................................................... 17 2 9 56 75

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 8 7 39 48

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 1 3 24 33

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 – 3 17 26

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 4 5 37 48

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10 8 8 45 55

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 21 19 14 61 70

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 25 25 19 66 76

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 9 6 4 45 50

Construction ...................................................... 3 3 3 21 24

Manufacturing .................................................... 11 8 5 58 64

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 7 8 40 50

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3 3 3 43 58

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6 13 4 36 50

Retail trade .................................................... 2 1 2 40 57

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2 – 5 53 65

Utilities ........................................................... 15 4 14 82 82

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 329
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

Information ......................................................... 40 16 24 63 76

Financial activities ............................................. 19 17 17 61 71

Finance and insurance .................................. 25 21 21 75 82

Credit intermediation and related activities 27 12 13 74 80

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 16 32 30 75 81

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 3 6 21 39

Professional and business services .................. 9 19 8 34 42

Professional and technical services .............. 12 29 13 43 50

Administrative and waste services ................ 3 5 4 15 23

Education and health services ........................... 16 4 10 46 59

Educational services ...................................... 23 7 16 50 60

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 36 10 30 75 87

Health care and social assistance ................. 15 3 9 46 59

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 7 – 7 24 27

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 – 7 23 27

Other services ................................................... 4 5 3 16 24

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 6 5 24 31

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 6 5 20 27

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8 6 5 35 44

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 9 10 61 73

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9 7 6 52 66

500 workers or more .......................................... 27 12 15 74 84

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14 8 10 42 51

New England ..................................................... 17 11 12 46 56

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 13 7 10 40 49

South ..................................................................... 10 7 6 43 50

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 8 8 45 52

East South Central ............................................ 6 6 2 41 53

West South Central ........................................... 9 7 6 42 45

Midwest ................................................................. 8 7 4 40 52

East North Central ............................................. 8 7 4 40 51

West North Central ............................................ 7 6 5 42 56

West ...................................................................... 9 6 10 36 49

Mountain ............................................................ 8 8 7 37 50

Pacific ................................................................ 10 6 11 36 48

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 330
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, 

March 2019

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.9 2.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.7

Service ................................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.9 1.6 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.5 – 0.7 4.1 4.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.3 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.0 0.2 0.6 2.0 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.7 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.7 1.9

Production ......................................................... 1.3 0.5 0.4 2.2 2.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.6 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 0.7 1.5 2.4 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.0 – 0.9 1.8 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.6 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.1 2.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.6 1.8

Construction ...................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.6 2.2 2.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.3 1.0 0.6 1.8 2.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.5 1.8 0.7 3.1 2.6

Retail trade .................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.9 – 1.5 4.3 3.1

Utilities ........................................................... 2.1 1.3 3.8 4.6 5.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 331
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, 

March 2019—continued

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

Information ......................................................... 3.8 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.1

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.1 1.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 2.5 3.3 2.7 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 1.3 2.5 3.5 5.5

Professional and business services .................. 1.8 1.5 1.0 2.1 2.7

Professional and technical services .............. 2.7 3.0 1.4 3.1 4.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.4 1.0 1.3 2.2 2.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 0.7 1.4 2.9 2.2

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 0.9 1.3 2.2 2.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 1.7 2.5 2.5 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 0.8 1.6 3.3 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.7 – 1.5 2.3 2.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.7 – 1.7 2.7 3.0

Other services ................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.0 2.8 3.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.9 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.2 1.1 2.1 1.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.1 2.0 1.5

New England ..................................................... 1.9 2.5 1.0 1.7 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.6 2.6 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 0.9 0.6 2.3 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 2.6 0.4 6.4 8.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 0.7 0.9 2.7 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 0.7 0.5 2.0 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.5 0.8 0.7 2.4 2.5

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 1.5 0.5 3.4 2.0

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.5 2.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.7 0.9 1.1 2.8 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 0.5 1.4 1.8 3.1

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 332
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 30 14 39 41 15 5 20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 22 59 63 20 8 29

Management, business, and financial ............... 52 22 63 66 19 9 31

Professional and related .................................... 44 22 57 61 20 8 28

Service ................................................................... 13 7 20 21 8 3 9

Protective service .............................................. 12 – 18 26 5 – 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 33 13 37 39 13 4 23

Sales and related ............................................... 28 7 29 30 9 2 23

Office and administrative support ...................... 37 16 43 46 16 5 23

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 21 10 24 27 14 5 13

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 16 8 15 17 11 6 9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 27 12 34 37 16 4 18

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 25 14 41 42 21 7 18

Production ......................................................... 28 17 41 43 20 7 22

Transportation and material moving .................. 22 12 41 40 22 6 15

Full time ................................................................. 36 17 46 49 17 7 23

Part time ................................................................ 11 4 17 16 10 2 11

Union ..................................................................... 27 15 55 58 28 8 24

Nonunion ............................................................... 30 14 37 39 14 5 19

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 13 6 18 17 9 3 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8 6 13 11 7 1 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 27 11 35 37 13 5 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 36 18 46 50 17 6 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 48 23 63 66 22 9 31

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 54 25 69 73 25 10 35

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 31 17 39 41 15 7 23

Construction ...................................................... 16 8 15 17 10 4 9

Manufacturing .................................................... 39 21 52 53 17 8 30

Service-providing industries .................................. 29 13 39 41 15 5 19

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 29 9 37 38 13 3 22

Wholesale trade ............................................. 28 16 41 47 14 4 14

Retail trade .................................................... 27 4 27 27 8 1 25

Transportation and warehousing ................... 33 14 57 57 27 5 17

Utilities ........................................................... 52 25 64 65 12 3 44

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 333
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Information ......................................................... 58 22 76 80 28 8 42

Financial activities ............................................. 53 24 66 66 18 8 34

Finance and insurance .................................. 65 30 79 79 19 10 42

Credit intermediation and related activities 63 30 80 80 18 11 37

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 67 31 76 76 18 8 47

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 20 8 29 28 14 – –

Professional and business services .................. 35 14 38 42 20 7 17

Professional and technical services .............. 51 19 48 52 19 9 26

Administrative and waste services ................ 12 6 17 20 20 7 4

Education and health services ........................... 30 20 46 50 19 8 19

Educational services ...................................... 39 23 53 57 30 14 26

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 54 33 81 85 46 20 41

Health care and social assistance ................. 28 20 45 49 17 7 17

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 10 4 17 16 5 2 10

Accommodation and food services ................ 10 5 17 15 5 – 10

Other services ................................................... 16 7 16 19 9 3 8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 20 8 23 25 11 4 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 18 7 20 21 10 4 8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 25 13 32 36 14 4 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 42 21 58 60 20 8 33

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 38 17 48 49 17 6 30

500 workers or more .......................................... 47 26 72 76 25 10 37

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 27 13 41 44 16 7 20

New England ..................................................... 31 14 49 54 15 6 24

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 25 13 38 41 16 7 19

South ..................................................................... 28 17 37 38 14 5 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 28 16 37 39 14 6 22

East South Central ............................................ 27 19 36 34 16 7 22

West South Central ........................................... 30 18 37 39 12 3 19

Midwest ................................................................. 33 15 41 42 17 4 20

East North Central ............................................. 32 14 40 41 19 5 21

West North Central ............................................ 36 17 44 45 12 3 18

West ...................................................................... 31 9 37 40 15 6 17

Mountain ............................................................ 31 11 40 43 14 5 17

Pacific ................................................................ 32 8 36 39 15 7 18

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement

plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 4 An individual retirement plan that can be sponsored by the employer, but with no employer contributions. The employee establishes either a traditional

(with tax-deductible contributions) or Roth (contributions are made post-tax but accumulate tax-free until retirement) IRA plan with a financial institution, and

authorizes the payroll deduction by the employer. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 334
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.2 0.7 1.5

Service ................................................................... 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.8 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 3.3 – 4.6 5.8 2.2 – 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.4 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.7 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.9 1.0 0.8 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.8 1.1 1.8 2.3 1.3 1.2 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.1 2.3 2.6 1.6 0.7 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 1.2 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.2 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.4 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 1.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.6 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 0.9 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.3

Construction ...................................................... 2.3 1.3 2.0 2.5 1.1 0.6 1.5

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.7 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 1.9 2.7 2.9 1.8 0.9 2.0

Retail trade .................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.4 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.6 2.1 4.2 4.2 2.9 1.5 2.2

Utilities ........................................................... 4.8 2.6 4.8 3.7 2.2 1.6 2.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 335
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Information ......................................................... 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.9

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.9 2.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.9 2.3 2.9 2.6 1.9 1.4 3.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.0 1.9 4.8 4.9 3.5 – –

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 1.4 2.4 2.8 1.4 1.1 1.6

Professional and technical services .............. 4.0 2.4 3.3 3.7 2.3 2.1 2.8

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.8 1.4 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.2 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.9 2.7 3.1 1.5 1.1 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.9 1.8 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.6 1.6 3.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 2.2 3.0 3.5 1.6 1.2 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.0 0.9 2.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.9 1.1 – 2.3

Other services ................................................... 2.3 1.8 2.9 3.1 2.4 1.3 2.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.5 0.7 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.7 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.0 1.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.4 1.5

New England ..................................................... 2.2 0.8 2.2 2.5 1.5 1.0 3.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.4 2.0 2.5 1.7 0.4 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 3.8 4.6 5.1 5.4 3.2 2.8 4.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.8 0.5 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.1 1.8 2.4 0.6 0.5 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 1.3 2.2 3.1 0.7 0.7 2.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 2.0 3.1 3.0 0.7 0.7 1.7

West ...................................................................... 2.4 0.8 2.1 2.6 1.0 1.0 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 1.1 4.1 5.6 1.9 2.2 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 2.9 1.1 2.4 2.8 1.2 1.0 1.3

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement

plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 4 An individual retirement plan that can be sponsored by the employer, but with no employer contributions. The employee establishes either a traditional

(with tax-deductible contributions) or Roth (contributions are made post-tax but accumulate tax-free until retirement) IRA plan with a financial institution, and

authorizes the payroll deduction by the employer. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 336
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, private industry workers,

 March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 15 13 12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 25 21 18

Management, business, and financial ............... 29 23 21

Professional and related .................................... 22 19 17

Service ................................................................... 8 3 3

Protective service .............................................. 3 6 3

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 13 12

Sales and related ............................................... 10 9 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 16 14

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9 12 11

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 6 10 11

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 13 14 12

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 17 16

Production ......................................................... 11 14 13

Transportation and material moving .................. 11 20 19

Full time ................................................................. 18 16 15

Part time ................................................................ 6 4 4

Union ..................................................................... 21 40 37

Nonunion ............................................................... 14 11 10

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6 3 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 2 2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 10 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 16 16 15

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 28 28 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 29 26

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 12 16 15

Construction ...................................................... 3 7 8

Manufacturing .................................................... 17 21 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 15 13 11

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 11 15 13

Wholesale trade ............................................. 12 6 4

Retail trade .................................................... 7 7 6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 18 38 36

Utilities ........................................................... 43 67 60

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 337
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, private industry workers,

 March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

Information ......................................................... 43 36 32

Financial activities ............................................. 39 38 36

Finance and insurance .................................. 50 50 48

Credit intermediation and related activities 52 55 54

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 46 43 41

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 8 – –

Professional and business services .................. 14 11 8

Professional and technical services .............. 17 10 9

Administrative and waste services ................ 4 4 3

Education and health services ........................... 17 11 9

Educational services ...................................... 27 24 24

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 50 46 46

Health care and social assistance ................. 16 8 7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6 1 1

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 – 1

Other services ................................................... 6 6 5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8 5 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 5 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10 6 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 23 23 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 17 14 13

500 workers or more .......................................... 32 36 31

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14 15 15

New England ..................................................... 15 16 14

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 14 15 15

South ..................................................................... 15 14 12

South Atlantic .................................................... 16 13 10

East South Central ............................................ 16 16 13

West South Central ........................................... 14 15 14

Midwest ................................................................. 13 13 12

East North Central ............................................. 14 14 13

West North Central ............................................ 13 12 11

West ...................................................................... 15 11 10

Mountain ............................................................ 20 13 11

Pacific ................................................................ 13 11 10

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 338
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.1 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.5 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.2 0.5 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 0.7 2.7 0.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 0.7 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.9 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 1.2 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.1 1.8 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.3 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 1.4 1.2

Production ......................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.1 2.2 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.4 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 2.4 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.4 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.0 0.6 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 2.0 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.3 1.0

Construction ...................................................... 0.7 1.5 1.5

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.2 1.6 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.7 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.6 1.0 1.0

Retail trade .................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.0 3.2 3.2

Utilities ........................................................... 5.0 5.0 5.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 339
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

Information ......................................................... 3.5 3.4 3.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.9 1.5 1.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.1 1.5 1.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.1 1.8 1.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.8 3.2 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.9 – –

Professional and business services .................. 1.3 1.7 1.5

Professional and technical services .............. 2.4 2.4 2.5

Administrative and waste services ................ 0.9 1.5 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.0 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 1.6 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.8 1.9 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 1.1 1.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.7 0.4 0.4

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.5 – 0.6

Other services ................................................... 1.9 2.1 2.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.4 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 0.8 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.0 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.6 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.0

New England ..................................................... 1.7 2.1 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.8 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 1.8 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 1.3 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.5 1.6 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.7 1.9

West ...................................................................... 0.9 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 1.5 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 1.2 1.2

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 340
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 40 7 3 11 6 4 1 6 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 48 7 6 15 5 6 1 8 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 56 9 7 17 4 4 1 9 16

Professional and related .................................... 43 6 5 13 5 6 1 8 11

Service ................................................................... 25 2 2 7 6 2 2 5 4

Protective service .............................................. 26 2 – 7 – 2 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 43 10 3 11 7 4 1 6 8

Sales and related ............................................... 36 13 1 8 6 3 1 4 5

Office and administrative support ...................... 47 8 4 13 8 4 1 7 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 42 6 2 15 12 2 1 3 9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 41 5 – 16 14 3 () – 1 8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 43 7 3 14 9 4 1 5 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 40 8 1 9 6 3 1 5 15

Production ......................................................... 45 11 2 12 6 3 1 4 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 35 5 1 5 6 4 1 6 13

Full time ................................................................. 45 7 4 13 7 5 1 7 12

Part time ................................................................ 23 4 1 6 4 1 1 4 3

Union ..................................................................... 31 8 3 4 2 6 – 4 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 40 7 3 12 7 3 1 6 9

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 26 4 1 6 5 1 2 5 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 22 1 – 7 5 – – 3 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 7 2 11 8 3 1 5 9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 47 8 4 14 7 5 1 6 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 50 9 6 15 5 6 1 8 15

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 51 10 7 16 3 7 1 10 14

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 49 11 2 16 8 3 1 4 14

Construction ...................................................... 42 5 1 19 13 – – 2 5

Manufacturing .................................................... 52 15 2 15 5 4 1 4 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 38 6 3 10 6 4 1 6 9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 38 12 1 7 7 3 1 4 8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 44 6 2 15 10 3 – 5 9

Retail trade .................................................... 36 16 1 5 7 2 – 5 3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 35 6 – 5 4 5 – 3 19

Utilities ........................................................... 40 – 5 15 – 9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 341
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

Information ......................................................... 70 15 9 23 2 21 – 23 22

Financial activities ............................................. 66 11 8 19 6 3 2 8 21

Finance and insurance .................................. 75 12 11 20 5 3 2 10 25

Credit intermediation and related activities 72 11 4 18 5 4 1 11 29

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 75 12 20 19 4 1 4 8 20

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 40 6 – – 10 4 – 3 10

Professional and business services .................. 41 4 5 13 4 3 3 ( ) 8 11

Professional and technical services .............. 53 7 8 20 6 2 1 8 13

Administrative and waste services ................ 25 – 1 6 3 4 – 7 6

Education and health services ........................... 35 1 2 7 7 6 2 8 9

Educational services ...................................... 17 – 2 4 1 6 – 1 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 18 – 3 – 1 8 – 3 3

Health care and social assistance ................. 37 1 2 8 8 6 2 9 9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 21 – – 8 4 2 – 3 1

Accommodation and food services ................ 22 – – 8 3 – – 4 1

Other services ................................................... 27 – – 8 11 1 – 3 4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 37 3 2 13 9 3 1 4 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 3 2 14 9 3 1 3 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 38 4 2 11 7 2 1 7 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 43 11 4 8 3 5 1 8 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 42 10 4 8 5 4 – 8 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 44 11 5 9 1 6 1 8 19

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 39 4 3 13 4 5 1 6 10

New England ..................................................... 40 4 2 18 2 4 3 () 5 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 38 5 3 11 4 5 1 6 11

South ..................................................................... 44 7 4 13 8 2 1 6 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 44 7 5 13 9 2 – 7 11

East South Central ............................................ 44 9 3 9 8 2 – 7 15

West South Central ........................................... 43 8 3 15 8 3 2 4 9

Midwest ................................................................. 41 7 2 10 6 4 1 7 11

East North Central ............................................. 42 8 3 10 7 4 3 ( ) 7 11

West North Central ............................................ 37 6 1 9 4 5 1 6 9

West ...................................................................... 33 7 2 8 5 5 2 5 6

Mountain ............................................................ 37 6 2 9 8 3 – 4 10

Pacific ................................................................ 31 7 2 7 4 6 3 6 5

1 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 342
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.6 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.8 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.1 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 1.0 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 0.7 0.6 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.8 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 6.6 0.8 – 3.0 – 0.7 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 0.5 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 0.7 0.4 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 1.3 – 1.9 2.2 0.1 – 0.5 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 0.7 0.8 2.0 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.7

Production ......................................................... 1.7 1.1 0.5 1.7 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.1 – 1.2 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 0.4 – 1.3 0.9 – – 0.7 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.7

Construction ...................................................... 2.4 1.2 0.4 1.7 2.0 – – 0.6 1.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.9 1.0 0.4 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.5 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.5 0.8 – 1.5 1.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.3 – 0.7 0.6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.7 1.3 – 1.6 1.3 1.5 – 1.2 2.3

Utilities ........................................................... 5.4 – 1.9 3.5 – 2.8 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 343
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

Information ......................................................... 3.6 2.3 2.0 2.1 0.4 2.5 – 2.8 2.4

Financial activities ............................................. 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 1.4 1.0 2.1 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.8 1.4 2.9 1.8 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.1 3.0 – – 2.9 1.7 – 0.7 2.4

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 0.9 1.2 2.1 1.2 0.8 0.1 1.5 1.6

Professional and technical services .............. 3.9 1.6 2.4 3.7 1.6 0.8 0.3 2.2 2.3

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.6 – 0.3 1.4 1.7 1.4 – 1.8 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.8 0.2 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.6 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 – 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.1 – 0.3 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 – 0.3 – 0.7 1.8 – 0.6 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.2 0.3 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.1 0.7 1.8 1.8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.0 – – 1.6 0.8 0.7 – 0.8 0.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.9 – – 1.9 0.8 – – 0.9 0.5

Other services ................................................... 3.4 – – 2.2 2.8 0.5 – 1.2 1.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.5 – 1.0 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.9 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 0.3 0.8 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.0 1.2

New England ..................................................... 5.7 0.6 1.1 3.4 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.5 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 0.7 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.7 – 0.9 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.1 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.4 – 2.0 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.5 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.6 1.4 0.3 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.5 0.9

West ...................................................................... 1.7 0.6 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.5 1.4 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 4.9 0.8 0.6 1.9 2.9 0.7 – 1.5 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.9 0.7

1 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 344
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, private industry

workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 10 10 41 38

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 16 16 60 55

Management, business, and financial ............... 17 17 66 61

Professional and related .................................... 15 15 56 51

Service ................................................................... 4 4 23 23

Protective service .............................................. – – 32 29

Sales and office ..................................................... 10 9 43 40

Sales and related ............................................... 6 6 35 33

Office and administrative support ...................... 12 11 49 45

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9 7 33 31

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 6 6 27 27

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 9 40 35

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 10 37 34

Production ......................................................... 8 6 35 30

Transportation and material moving .................. 14 14 40 37

Full time ................................................................. 12 11 49 46

Part time ................................................................ 5 5 17 17

Union ..................................................................... 37 31 62 52

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 8 39 37

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 3 19 19

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 1 11 11

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 7 39 37

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11 11 49 44

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 21 21 65 59

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 23 23 72 64

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 9 39 37

Construction ...................................................... 5 5 27 28

Manufacturing .................................................... 12 10 46 42

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 10 42 39

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10 9 42 39

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4 4 41 39

Retail trade .................................................... 6 5 37 35

Transportation and warehousing ................... 22 23 54 48

Utilities ........................................................... 34 30 67 65

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 345
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, private industry

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

Information ......................................................... 22 15 75 45

Financial activities ............................................. 27 26 66 63

Finance and insurance .................................. 36 34 75 72

Credit intermediation and related activities 41 39 76 72

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 27 26 71 69

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5 4 39 40

Professional and business services .................. 9 10 45 42

Professional and technical services .............. 10 10 55 52

Administrative and waste services ................ 3 3 25 24

Education and health services ........................... 10 9 43 41

Educational services ...................................... 9 9 50 45

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 11 12 66 57

Health care and social assistance ................. 10 9 42 40

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3 3 21 20

Accommodation and food services ................ 3 3 20 20

Other services ................................................... 9 9 23 23

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 5 29 28

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 4 26 25

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 6 38 38

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 16 56 51

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 11 11 48 46

500 workers or more .......................................... 25 23 67 59

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 15 46 43

New England ..................................................... 13 13 46 43

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 16 15 45 43

South ..................................................................... 9 9 36 34

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 9 36 33

East South Central ............................................ 8 6 33 30

West South Central ........................................... 8 8 37 36

Midwest ................................................................. 7 6 31 27

East North Central ............................................. 7 6 31 26

West North Central ............................................ 7 7 31 30

West ...................................................................... 11 11 57 54

Mountain ............................................................ 9 9 51 46

Pacific ................................................................ 12 12 60 58

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 346
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.7

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.4

Protective service .............................................. – – 6.2 5.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 0.9 2.1 2.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.2 1.1 2.3 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.2 1.3 2.7 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.9 1.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.9

Construction ...................................................... 1.1 1.1 2.2 2.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.4 1.3 2.1 2.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.9 0.6 1.8 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 6.8 6.6 6.1 6.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 347
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

private industry workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

Information ......................................................... 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.2

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.3 1.3 5.2 5.1

Professional and business services .................. 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.3 2.0 2.5 4.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.2 1.1 3.0 2.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 1.1 2.1 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 1.9 3.1 3.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.6 2.6 2.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 1.2 2.4 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.6 0.7 1.9 2.0

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.7 0.8 2.1 2.1

Other services ................................................... 2.2 2.2 3.7 3.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.1 2.3 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.5

New England ..................................................... 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.5

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.8 2.6 2.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 1.5 3.4 3.4

West South Central ........................................... 0.9 1.3 1.8 2.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.8 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.7 3.4 3.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.5 2.3 2.5

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 348
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 59 9 8 23 55 14 2 30

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 79 7 5 9 76 10 1 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 86 8 2 4 82 12 1 () 6

Professional and related .................................... 75 7 6 12 73 9 1 16

Service ................................................................... 33 10 10 47 28 15 2 55

Protective service .............................................. 42 – – 27 31 – – 42

Sales and office ..................................................... 58 9 14 19 52 16 3 30

Sales and related ............................................... 46 8 23 24 37 17 3 43

Office and administrative support ...................... 67 9 9 16 61 15 3 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 58 14 3 24 51 21 1 27

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 53 15 4 27 43 25 1 31

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 63 14 2 21 60 – – 23

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 66 10 6 18 62 14 1 23

Production ......................................................... 70 10 3 16 67 13 1 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 62 9 8 20 57 14 1 27

Full time ................................................................. 73 11 4 12 69 15 1 14

Part time ................................................................ 17 4 22 57 11 10 3 76

Union ..................................................................... 88 5 3 4 82 12 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 56 10 9 25 52 14 2 32

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 26 10 16 48 21 14 2 62

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 15 9 16 60 14 10 1 75

Second 25 percent ............................................ 60 10 7 22 55 16 2 28

Third 25 percent ................................................ 75 10 4 10 70 16 1 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 84 7 3 6 81 10 1 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 87 7 2 5 84 9 1 6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 74 11 2 13 69 16 1 14

Construction ...................................................... 53 17 4 25 42 29 1 28

Manufacturing .................................................... 83 9 2 7 81 10 1 8

Service-providing industries .................................. 56 9 9 25 52 14 2 33

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 60 8 16 16 52 16 3 29

Wholesale trade ............................................. 74 13 4 9 70 17 1 12

Retail trade .................................................... 47 8 25 20 37 17 5 40

Transportation and warehousing ................... 77 5 4 14 71 – – 18

Utilities ........................................................... 98 – – – 94 4 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 349
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 15 53 1 31 56 13 8 23

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 23 64 1 13 77 9 4 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 24 70 – – 84 10 2 5

Professional and related .................................... 22 60 1 17 73 9 6 12

Service ................................................................... 6 37 1 56 29 14 9 48

Protective service .............................................. – 45 – 45 39 – – 27

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 54 1 32 55 12 14 19

Sales and related ............................................... 8 46 2 45 43 11 22 24

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 60 1 23 64 12 8 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 55 – 27 53 20 3 25

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 49 – 31 46 22 4 28

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 16 61 – 23 60 17 2 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 19 57 1 23 60 16 6 18

Production ......................................................... – 63 – 19 68 13 3 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 21 51 1 27 52 20 8 21

Full time ................................................................. 19 66 1 ( ) 15 70 15 3 12

Part time ................................................................ 6 16 2 76 13 8 21 57

Union ..................................................................... 64 29 1 5 56 38 2 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 56 1 33 56 11 9 25

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 33 1 63 24 12 16 48

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 23 1 75 14 10 16 60

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 60 1 28 57 14 7 23

Third 25 percent ................................................ 20 66 1 ( ) 14 71 15 4 10

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 32 60 1 ( ) 8 80 11 3 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 33 61 – – 84 10 1 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 20 65 1 ( ) 15 71 14 2 13

Construction ...................................................... – 56 – 29 46 24 4 25

Manufacturing .................................................... 23 68 1 ( ) 8 82 10 2 7

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 51 1 34 53 13 9 26

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 15 53 2 30 52 15 16 16

Wholesale trade ............................................. 9 78 1 12 73 14 4 9

Retail trade .................................................... 9 46 3 42 41 13 25 20

Transportation and warehousing ................... 31 51 – – 59 23 4 15

Utilities ........................................................... 69 29 – – 98 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 350
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Information ......................................................... 79 11 2 9 82 8 1 ( ) 10

Financial activities ............................................. 78 8 4 10 79 8 1 13

Finance and insurance .................................. 91 3 2 4 90 4 1 6

Credit intermediation and related activities 93 3 1 2 92 4 1 () 3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 88 3 3 6 86 – – 9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 43 22 10 26 47 – – 34

Professional and business services .................. 59 12 5 24 55 16 1 28

Professional and technical services .............. 76 10 6 8 70 16 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 31 17 6 46 30 18 2 50

Education and health services ........................... 63 8 9 20 60 11 2 27

Educational services ...................................... 70 5 3 22 66 – – 25

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 3 1 8 86 – – 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 8 10 20 59 11 3 27

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 27 9 8 56 22 14 1 ( ) 63

Accommodation and food services ................ 26 9 9 56 21 – – 65

Other services ................................................... 40 11 7 42 31 – – 48

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 43 12 11 34 38 17 2 43

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 39 12 11 39 34 17 2 48

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 55 14 11 19 52 17 2 29

100 workers or more .............................................. 79 6 5 10 74 11 2 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 8 7 12 68 14 2 17

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 3 3 7 83 7 1 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 60 9 8 24 52 16 1 30

New England ..................................................... 63 7 7 23 59 – – 28

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 58 10 8 24 50 18 1 31

South ..................................................................... 57 10 9 24 54 14 2 31

South Atlantic .................................................... 58 9 9 24 54 12 2 32

East South Central ............................................ 59 11 – – 52 17 2 28

West South Central ........................................... 55 13 7 25 54 14 2 31

Midwest ................................................................. 60 8 10 23 57 11 2 30

East North Central ............................................. 59 9 10 23 57 10 3 30

West North Central ............................................ 63 5 9 23 57 11 1 31

West ...................................................................... 61 11 7 21 55 17 1 27

Mountain ............................................................ 64 8 9 19 59 12 1 27

Pacific ................................................................ 60 12 6 22 53 19 1 27

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 351
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Information ......................................................... 23 67 – 10 79 11 2 9

Financial activities ............................................. 36 50 1 ( ) 14 77 9 4 10

Finance and insurance .................................. 46 47 1 ( ) 6 90 4 2 4

Credit intermediation and related activities 48 48 1 ( ) 4 92 4 1 3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 45 46 – – 87 3 3 6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6 59 – 35 42 23 10 26

Professional and business services .................. – 58 – 29 58 13 5 24

Professional and technical services .............. – 73 – 14 76 10 6 8

Administrative and waste services ................ – 44 – 51 29 19 5 47

Education and health services ........................... 16 55 1 28 59 12 9 21

Educational services ...................................... – 59 – 25 63 11 3 23

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 16 75 – – 86 5 1 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 16 54 1 29 58 12 10 20

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 33 – 64 24 12 8 56

Accommodation and food services ................ – 33 – 65 24 11 9 56

Other services ................................................... – 41 – 49 38 13 6 43

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 48 1 44 41 14 10 34

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 45 1 49 38 13 10 39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 60 1 ( ) 30 52 17 11 19

100 workers or more .............................................. 26 59 1 14 73 12 5 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 15 66 1 17 68 13 6 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 41 48 1 10 79 10 3 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 20 49 1 30 54 14 7 24

New England ..................................................... 20 51 1 28 60 11 6 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 19 49 1 31 53 15 8 24

South ..................................................................... 14 54 1 32 55 13 8 24

South Atlantic .................................................... 16 50 1 33 55 12 9 24

East South Central ............................................ 14 55 1 ( ) 30 58 11 – –

West South Central ........................................... 10 58 1 ( ) 32 54 14 7 25

Midwest ................................................................. 15 52 1 32 57 11 10 23

East North Central ............................................. 16 51 1 32 56 12 10 23

West North Central ............................................ – 55 – 32 59 9 8 24

West ...................................................................... 15 57 1 27 57 15 6 22

Mountain ............................................................ – 58 – 26 59 13 8 21

Pacific ................................................................ 15 57 1 27 56 16 5 22

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 352
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.2 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.1 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.7 0.8 0.4 1.5

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.3 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 6.9 – – 6.6 4.5 – – 6.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.2 0.5 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.6 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.1 0.5 1.7 2.0 1.4 0.3 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 1.7 0.7 2.6 2.8 2.2 0.4 2.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.2 1.5 0.7 2.2 2.3 – – 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 1.0 0.6 1.5 2.0 1.1 0.2 1.7

Production ......................................................... 2.4 1.5 0.6 2.2 2.8 1.4 0.3 2.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 1.1 0.8 1.7 2.2 1.3 0.3 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.4 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.3 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 2.0 1.2 2.4 1.5 1.6 0.3 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.3 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.4 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.2 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.0 0.4 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.2 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.1 0.4 1.3 2.1 1.1 0.2 1.3

Construction ...................................................... 3.0 1.5 0.7 2.4 3.1 1.6 0.4 2.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 1.4 0.6 1.2 2.3 1.3 0.2 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.5 2.8 1.0 1.6 1.9 1.4 0.4 1.6

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.6 1.1 1.6 2.2 3.8 – – 3.0

Utilities ........................................................... 1.1 – – – 2.4 1.8 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 353
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.2 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.7 – – 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.7 0.3 1.5 1.8 0.8 0.9 1.2

Service ................................................................... 0.6 1.4 0.3 1.5 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.6

Protective service .............................................. – 5.8 – 6.6 7.8 – – 6.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 1.5 0.4 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 1.9 – 1.9 2.0 1.2 0.5 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 2.7 – 2.8 2.8 2.1 0.7 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 2.5 – 2.3 2.2 1.6 0.7 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.8 0.2 1.8 1.9 1.2 0.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... – 2.0 – 2.4 2.5 1.6 0.6 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 2.8 0.3 2.1 2.4 1.6 0.8 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 1.1 0.3 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 2.7 2.9 0.4 0.7 2.2 2.1 0.6 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 1.2 0.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 1.9 0.3 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.2 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.6 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 1.3 0.1 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.3 0.2 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.9 – – 1.6 1.2 0.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.4 0.1 1.4 1.9 1.2 0.4 1.4

Construction ...................................................... – 2.4 – 2.7 3.0 1.8 0.7 2.5

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.1 1.3 1.8 1.4 0.6 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.7 0.4 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 2.8 0.4 1.8 2.3 2.7 1.0 1.6

Retail trade .................................................... 0.7 1.7 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.9 4.6 – – 4.6 2.9 1.6 2.2

Utilities ........................................................... 7.5 7.4 – – 1.1 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 354
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Information ......................................................... 2.9 2.5 0.4 1.8 2.8 2.3 0.1 1.7

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 1.5 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.2 1.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.6 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.5 – – 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.9 5.6 2.3 4.4 4.8 – – 5.0

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 1.0 0.7 2.3 2.8 1.6 0.4 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 3.0 1.6 1.2 1.9 3.1 2.3 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.4 2.1 1.2 2.9 2.2 2.3 0.7 2.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.4 1.7 0.7 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 1.1 1.1 2.0 2.3 – – 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 0.9 0.5 1.8 2.1 – – 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.4 1.1 1.5 2.3 2.8 1.9 0.8 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.1 2.0 1.4 2.2 1.4 1.6 0.2 2.0

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.4 2.0 1.6 2.5 1.9 – – 2.5

Other services ................................................... 4.6 2.2 1.6 4.5 3.6 – – 4.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.3 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.1 0.3 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 1.7 1.0 2.1 1.9 1.5 0.4 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.2 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.3 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.4 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.4 1.1

New England ..................................................... 3.2 1.4 1.2 2.3 2.7 – – 2.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 1.2 1.1 1.9 2.0 1.6 0.6 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.7 1.5 0.9 0.2 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.6 1.2 2.1 2.0 1.2 0.2 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 4.0 2.5 – – 3.5 3.1 0.8 7.1

West South Central ........................................... 3.1 1.1 1.1 2.5 2.8 1.5 0.4 3.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 2.2 1.3 0.6 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.9 1.8 0.8 2.1

West North Central ............................................ 3.8 1.9 1.3 2.4 3.1 1.7 0.5 2.9

West ...................................................................... 1.8 1.2 0.5 1.3 2.2 1.6 0.3 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 1.1 1.2 2.4 2.0 1.5 0.2 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 1.7 0.5 1.5 3.1 2.3 0.4 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 355
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Information ......................................................... 2.6 2.7 – 1.7 2.9 2.5 0.4 1.8

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 2.0 2 ( ) 1.4 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.9 1.8 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 2.4 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 3.0 – – 1.7 0.8 0.9 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.8 5.0 – 5.0 3.9 5.7 2.3 4.4

Professional and business services .................. – 2.5 – 2.5 2.4 1.1 0.7 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. – 3.4 – 2.2 3.0 1.7 1.2 1.9

Administrative and waste services ................ – 2.9 – 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.1 2.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.8 0.6 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.4 2.1

Educational services ...................................... – 2.1 – 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.1 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 1.6 – – 1.8 0.9 0.5 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 2.1 0.7 2.2 2.8 1.8 1.6 2.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 1.9 – 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.4 2.2

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2.4 – 2.5 2.4 2.1 1.6 2.5

Other services ................................................... – 4.3 – 4.2 4.6 2.2 1.5 4.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.3 0.2 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.5 0.2 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 2.1 0.2 1.7 2.2 1.5 1.0 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.1 0.2 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.4 0.3 1.1 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.7 0.3 1.3 1.9 1.4 0.5 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.3 0.3 1.1 2.0 1.5 0.8 1.5

New England ..................................................... 1.8 2.3 0.3 2.2 3.0 1.3 1.1 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.8 0.4 1.3 2.6 1.9 1.0 1.9

South ..................................................................... 0.8 1.3 0.1 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.7 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.4 0.3 1.4 1.5 0.7 1.2 2.1

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 3.9 0.1 6.4 4.4 2.0 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 3.0 0.1 3.2 2.9 1.2 1.0 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.5 0.3 1.6 2.1 1.0 0.9 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.4 0.4 1.9 2.7 1.4 1.2 1.3

West North Central ............................................ – 3.9 – 2.7 3.1 1.0 1.3 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.6 2.0 0.5 1.5 2.2 1.6 0.7 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ – 5.1 – 3.2 3.3 1.6 1.7 2.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.7 0.2 1.6 2.8 2.2 0.5 1.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 2 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 356
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 43 42 68 74 76 84 84

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 61 61 86 88 92 94 94

Management, business, and financial ............... 64 64 93 95 95 97 97

Professional and related .................................... 59 60 83 84 90 93 92

Service ................................................................... 24 24 50 49 59 69 68

Protective service .............................................. 32 30 66 68 77 84 80

Sales and office ..................................................... 48 46 71 76 77 85 87

Sales and related ............................................... 40 38 58 64 67 76 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 53 52 79 85 84 90 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 30 28 59 72 69 84 83

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 21 19 45 57 60 77 75

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 40 38 74 87 78 92 92

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 38 35 66 82 73 88 88

Production ......................................................... 37 33 65 87 72 90 92

Transportation and material moving .................. 39 37 67 76 74 85 85

Full time ................................................................. 51 51 81 87 85 94 93

Part time ................................................................ 17 16 31 33 46 56 57

Union ..................................................................... 56 54 84 88 90 93 93

Nonunion ............................................................... 41 41 67 72 74 83 83

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 22 21 40 46 50 63 65

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 11 10 24 32 32 49 52

Second 25 percent ............................................ 43 42 71 77 79 88 87

Third 25 percent ................................................ 51 50 82 89 89 95 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 60 60 88 91 92 96 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 62 63 91 92 95 97 96

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 38 35 69 85 76 92 92

Construction ...................................................... 24 22 50 65 62 81 81

Manufacturing .................................................... 46 43 77 95 83 97 97

Service-providing industries .................................. 44 43 68 71 76 83 83

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 44 42 69 76 76 84 87

Wholesale trade ............................................. 48 47 85 90 88 93 94

Retail trade .................................................... 40 38 59 67 68 78 83

Transportation and warehousing ................... 50 48 76 84 82 90 92

Utilities ........................................................... 63 61 95 99 98 99 99

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 357
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

Information ......................................................... 80 80 92 92 95 96 96

Financial activities ............................................. 63 63 90 91 92 94 93

Finance and insurance .................................. 70 70 96 96 97 98 98

Credit intermediation and related activities 64 64 97 98 98 99 99

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 77 77 96 95 97 98 97

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 43 43 71 74 76 83 81

Professional and business services .................. 47 46 72 78 79 85 85

Professional and technical services .............. 63 62 89 92 94 96 95

Administrative and waste services ................ 23 23 48 59 59 71 73

Education and health services ........................... 54 56 79 79 85 90 90

Educational services ...................................... 34 47 55 53 82 82 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 42 48 72 72 89 90 89

Health care and social assistance ................. 57 57 82 83 86 91 92

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 12 11 36 33 49 60 56

Accommodation and food services ................ 11 11 35 32 47 59 54

Other services ................................................... 30 28 56 65 63 77 76

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 33 33 59 65 67 77 78

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 32 31 57 63 65 76 77

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 39 38 63 69 70 80 82

100 workers or more .............................................. 54 53 80 85 86 92 91

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 49 47 75 81 83 91 90

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 61 87 90 91 95 94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 49 49 70 72 79 84 84

New England ..................................................... 49 49 70 70 84 87 84

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 49 70 73 78 83 84

South ..................................................................... 42 41 66 74 71 82 84

South Atlantic .................................................... 42 41 66 74 70 81 83

East South Central ............................................ 42 39 60 75 67 80 83

West South Central ........................................... 43 41 69 75 74 83 85

Midwest ................................................................. 40 39 64 72 69 81 82

East North Central ............................................. 40 38 62 72 68 81 82

West North Central ............................................ 41 40 67 72 73 82 84

West ...................................................................... 41 41 76 76 86 91 87

Mountain ............................................................ 49 49 73 77 76 85 89

Pacific ................................................................ 37 37 78 76 91 94 87

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 358
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 6.0 6.3 7.3 6.3 5.3 4.8 5.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.8 1.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.2 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.2

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.0 2.6 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 2.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.8 2.2 2.8 2.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.0

Construction ...................................................... 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.8 0.7 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.4 2.6 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.7 4.5 2.1 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.0

Utilities ........................................................... 5.5 5.0 2.8 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 359
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

Information ......................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.0

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 2.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.4 2.4 1.1 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.7 4.7 3.4 4.0 3.5 3.1 4.1

Professional and business services .................. 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.3

Professional and technical services .............. 3.5 3.4 2.3 1.5 2.4 1.4 1.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.2 2.1 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.4 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.9 3.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.4

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.0 2.2 2.8 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.8

Other services ................................................... 3.4 3.3 4.3 4.0 4.5 4.2 3.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.3 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.8 2.1 2.7 2.8 3.7 3.4 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.8 2.5 3.0 2.0

East South Central ............................................ 5.1 5.3 4.7 3.7 4.4 3.9 3.4

West South Central ........................................... 3.1 3.2 4.2 3.8 4.4 3.0 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.7 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.3 3.3 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.5 1.5

West ...................................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 4.8 4.7 2.1 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.6 1.9 0.9 1.1

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 360
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 91 83 91 86 76 89 37 17 47

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 93 84 90 89 78 88 39 17 43

Professional and related .................................... 93 84 90 88 77 88 38 17 43

Teachers ........................................................ 94 85 90 91 80 88 37 13 36

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 90 91 99 89 90 32 9 27

Service ................................................................... 84 78 93 78 72 92 32 17 54

Protective service .............................................. 92 88 96 89 84 94 34 21 60

Sales and office ..................................................... 91 82 90 86 76 88 37 19 52

Office and administrative support ...................... 92 83 90 87 76 88 37 19 51

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 97 90 93 89 81 91 42 24 56

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 90 81 90 87 78 90 27 13 49

Full time ................................................................. 99 90 91 94 83 89 41 19 48

Part time ................................................................ 45 39 87 39 35 90 16 6 41

Union ..................................................................... 97 88 91 95 84 89 35 14 40

Nonunion ............................................................... 86 78 91 79 70 89 39 20 53

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 78 70 90 71 64 90 31 14 46

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 69 60 88 60 53 89 27 12 44

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 86 91 88 79 89 38 20 52

Third 25 percent ................................................ 98 89 91 94 83 89 38 19 49

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 97 87 91 92 81 88 42 18 42

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 95 85 90 91 77 86 44 18 41

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 91 83 91 86 76 89 37 17 47

Education and health services ........................... 93 83 89 88 77 88 38 15 40

Educational services ...................................... 93 83 90 90 79 88 35 13 37

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 93 85 91 92 84 91 27 8 30

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 92 79 86 82 65 79 59 27 46

Health care and social assistance ................. 93 81 87 73 62 85 56 31 55

Hospitals .................................................... 93 79 85 68 56 82 59 36 61

Public administration ......................................... 91 85 94 87 79 91 36 21 57

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 87 82 94 83 77 94 28 12 43

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 85 80 95 80 75 94 26 12 47

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 90 84 93 85 80 93 30 12 39

100 workers or more .............................................. 93 83 90 87 76 88 40 19 48

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 91 85 93 88 80 91 31 14 46

500 workers or more .......................................... 93 82 88 86 74 86 44 21 49

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 361
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 96 87 91 90 77 85 49 23 47

Local government .................................................. 90 82 91 85 76 90 33 16 47

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 91 84 92 87 80 92 30 10 32

New England ..................................................... 85 75 88 78 68 88 16 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 86 93 90 83 93 35 9 25

South ..................................................................... 94 84 90 88 79 89 42 18 43

South Atlantic .................................................... 91 81 89 87 75 86 58 23 41

East South Central ............................................ 94 86 92 89 81 92 40 21 51

West South Central ........................................... 97 88 91 90 83 92 21 10 47

Midwest ................................................................. 90 79 89 83 70 85 42 20 48

East North Central ............................................. 89 78 88 82 68 83 48 21 44

West North Central ............................................ 92 82 89 85 74 88 30 18 59

West ...................................................................... 89 83 93 84 76 90 29 20 68

Mountain ............................................................ 86 82 95 78 71 91 32 25 76

Pacific ................................................................ 91 84 92 87 78 90 28 18 64

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in

at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 362
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.9 1.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.9

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.5 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.7 1.2 3.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.5 1.6 0.6 1.4 1.8 1.3 2.1 1.8 4.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.4 2.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.2 2.0 1.4 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.6 1.3 2.2 2.5 1.5 3.3 2.7 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.7 2.9 1.7 3.1 3.0 1.7 3.1 2.6 5.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.3

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.0 5.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.0 2.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.7 2.4 1.1 2.3 2.1 1.1 2.8 1.5 3.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.4 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.1 2.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.7 2.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 2.1 1.3 2.0 2.2 1.4 2.7 1.5 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 2.3 1.6 4.0 3.9 2.8 4.2 3.4 4.1

Hospitals .................................................... 1.6 2.6 1.9 5.0 4.4 3.1 6.2 3.9 4.6

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 2.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.7 1.3 3.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 2.2 1.1 2.3 2.4 1.5 2.8 2.2 5.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.1 2.1 1.4 4.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.2 2.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 363
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.6

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.2 3.1

New England ..................................................... 2.3 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.7 1.9 4.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.7 0.7 2.1

South ..................................................................... 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 0.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.4 4.1 2.6 7.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.2 0.8 2.9 2.3 1.1 2.6 1.6 4.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 2.5 1.8 2.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 2.4 0.7 1.3 1.9 1.6 3.4 2.6 3.7

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 2.5 2.1 3.0 3.3 2.0 3.5 1.9 3.2

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.9 1.5 3.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 1.7 0.7 2.0 1.8 1.6 4.1 3.3 3.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.4 2.0 1.7 4.9

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in

at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 364
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 32 54 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 34 54 5

Professional and related .................................... 33 55 5

Teachers ........................................................ 34 57 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 31 68 –

Service ................................................................... 26 53 6

Protective service .............................................. 32 57 3

Sales and office ..................................................... 32 54 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 32 55 5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 34 55 8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 23 63 4

Full time ................................................................. 35 58 5

Part time ................................................................ 10 29 5

Union ..................................................................... 32 63 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 31 47 8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 47 7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 42 9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 32 56 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 34 60 4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 37 55 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 39 51 5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 32 54 5

Education and health services ........................... 33 55 5

Educational services ...................................... 32 57 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 66 1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 50 33 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 36 37 20

Hospitals .................................................... 34 34 25

Public administration ......................................... 32 55 4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23 59 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 21 59 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 26 60 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 34 53 5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 28 61 3

500 workers or more .......................................... 37 49 7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 365
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

State government .................................................. 44 46 5

Local government .................................................. 28 57 5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 26 61 4

New England ..................................................... – 70 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 32 58 3

South ..................................................................... 37 51 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 54 34 4

East South Central ............................................ 35 54 5

West South Central ........................................... 14 76 7

Midwest ................................................................. 35 48 7

East North Central ............................................. 41 41 7

West North Central ............................................ 23 62 7

West ...................................................................... 24 60 5

Mountain ............................................................ 24 54 8

Pacific ................................................................ 24 63 4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 366
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.2 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.2 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 1.6 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 1.1 –

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 1.8 0.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.7 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.7 3.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 3.7 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 1.8 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.2 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 1.6 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.8 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.3 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.6 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 2.1 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.8 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 1.1 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.0 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.9 0.7 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 4.7 3.1

Hospitals .................................................... 3.9 6.5 4.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 2.7 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.5 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 2.3 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.3 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 367
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

State government .................................................. 2.0 2.0 0.9

Local government .................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.2 0.7

New England ..................................................... – 3.3 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.7

South ..................................................................... 0.9 1.5 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 2.0 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 3.8 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 3.1 2.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.6 1.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.4 2.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 3.9 1.6

West ...................................................................... 1.8 1.8 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 4.3 3.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 2.2 1.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 368
Table 4. Defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution requirement and method

of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 91 79 7.1 7.1 9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 80 7.3 7.2 9

Professional and related .................................... 92 81 7.4 7.3 8

Teachers ........................................................ 92 84 7.8 7.5 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 92 84 7.8 7.5 8

Service ................................................................... 92 78 7.1 7.0 8

Protective service .............................................. 92 75 7.3 7.1 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 87 76 6.7 7.0 13

Office and administrative support ...................... 87 76 6.7 7.0 13

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 77 6.8 6.8 12

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 88 77 6.3 6.1 12

Full time ................................................................. 91 79 7.1 7.2 9

Part time ................................................................ 90 77 7.2 7.0 10

Union ..................................................................... 91 71 7.3 7.1 9

Nonunion ............................................................... 90 87 7.0 7.0 10

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 91 84 6.6 6.9 9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 94 89 6.9 7.2 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 90 78 6.9 7.0 10

Third 25 percent ................................................ 91 80 7.1 7.0 9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 74 7.9 7.5 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 72 8.2 8.0 6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 91 79 7.1 7.1 9

Education and health services ........................... 92 82 7.4 7.2 8

Educational services ...................................... 92 83 7.4 7.2 8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 92 83 7.4 7.2 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 93 84 7.4 7.5 7

Health care and social assistance ................. – 75 7.0 7.0 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 73 7.0 7.7 –

Public administration ......................................... 90 74 6.7 6.4 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 90 80 7.5 7.1 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 89 75 7.3 7.0 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 90 85 7.7 7.5 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 91 78 7.0 7.1 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 89 78 7.1 7.0 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 78 7.0 7.2 8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 369
Table 4. Defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution requirement and method

of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

State government .................................................. 92 76 6.8 7.0 8

Local government .................................................. 90 80 7.2 7.2 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 97 55 6.8 7.3 3

New England ..................................................... – 60 7.3 7.3 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 97 54 6.7 7.5 3

South ..................................................................... 95 94 6.4 7.0 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 99 97 5.3 6.0 1

East South Central ............................................ 82 81 7.1 7.2 18

West South Central ........................................... 96 95 7.5 7.7 4

Midwest ................................................................. 87 79 7.7 6.7 13

East North Central ............................................. 81 71 8.2 8.2 19

West North Central ............................................ 95 93 7.2 6.3 5

West ...................................................................... 82 73 8.5 8.0 18

Mountain ............................................................ 84 84 8.9 8.0 16

Pacific ................................................................ 81 68 8.3 7.8 19

1 The employee contributes a fixed percentage of his or her earnings to the retirement plan. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage

data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 370
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution

requirement and method of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.2 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 1.0 0.1 2 ( ) 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1.1 1.6 0.1 0.0 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 2.8 0.2 0.5 1.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.6 0.1 0.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.7 0.1 0.3 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 3.9 0.2 0.4 3.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.2 3.2 0.2 0.4 3.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.2 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 2.9 0.2 0.0 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.2 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.3 2.3 0.2 0.1 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.6 0.1 0.0 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.2 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 1.8 0.1 0.2 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.2 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 1.0 0.1 2 ( ) 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.9 1.3 2 ( ) 0.0 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.8 1.9 0.1 0.0 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.8 0.4 0.6 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 7.4 0.3 0.8 –

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 2.0 0.1 0.2 1.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.7 0.1 0.3 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 2.4 0.2 0.1 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 2.3 0.2 0.3 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.9 0.1 0.2 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 371
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution

requirement and method of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

State government .................................................. 1.0 1.5 0.1 0.0 1.0

Local government .................................................. 0.9 1.1 2 ( ) 0.1 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.7

New England ..................................................... – 5.7 0.4 0.2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 2.7 0.1 0.2 0.8

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 4.1 3.9 0.1 0.4 4.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.2 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 2.3 0.1 0.2 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 3.5 0.1 0.3 2.9

West North Central ............................................ 0.9 1.3 0.2 0.3 0.9

West ...................................................................... 1.9 2.0 0.1 0.0 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 3.2 3.2 0.3 0.2 3.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 2.4 0.1 0.6 2.3

1 The employee contributes a fixed percentage of his or her earnings to the retirement plan. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage

data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 372
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, State

and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 44 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 43 57 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 43 57 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Teachers ........................................................ 44 55 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 44 55 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Service ................................................................... 47 53 – –

Protective service .............................................. 48 52 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 44 56 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 56 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 51 49 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 46 54 – –

Full time ................................................................. 44 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 49 51 – 4 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 40 60 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 48 51 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 48 52 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 46 54 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 46 53 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 44 55 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 39 61 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 68 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 44 55 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 43 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Educational services ...................................... 43 57 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 43 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 41 59 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 47 53 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 48 52 – –

Public administration ......................................... 45 55 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 47 53 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 45 55 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 49 51 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 43 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 50 49 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 39 60 4 ( ) 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 373
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, State

and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

State government .................................................. 39 60 – –

Local government .................................................. 46 54 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 29 70 – –

New England ..................................................... 37 62 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 27 72 – –

South ..................................................................... 47 52 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 57 43 – –

East South Central ............................................ 38 62 – –

West South Central ........................................... 39 61 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 54 45 – –

East North Central ............................................. 55 45 – –

West North Central ............................................ 54 46 – –

West ...................................................................... 42 58 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 40 59 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 43 57 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 374
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.1 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.2 0.1 4 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 4 ( )

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.8 0.1 4 ( )

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.1 0.2 4 ( )

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.8 1.8 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.7 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 3.1 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.0 4.0 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.1 4 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 3.1 3.1 – 4 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.2 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 1.4 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 2.5 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 1.7 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.1 0.2 4 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.3 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.1 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.1 0.1 4 ( )

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 4 ( )

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.5 0.2 4 ( )

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.6 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.4 3.4 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 3.4 3.4 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.6 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.0 2.9 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 2.0 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.1 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 2.1 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0 0.1 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 375
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

State government .................................................. 1.4 1.4 – –

Local government .................................................. 1.1 1.2 0.1 4 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 2.1 – –

New England ..................................................... 5.1 4.6 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 2.3 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 2.2 – –

East South Central ............................................ 1.8 1.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 2.3 – –

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.0 – –

West North Central ............................................ 5.4 5.2 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.9 2.0 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 4.7 5.1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.8 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Less than 0.05. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 376
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 3 ( ) 7 93

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 6 93

Professional and related .................................... 1 6 94

Teachers ........................................................ 1 5 94

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1 5 94

Service ................................................................... – – 92

Protective service .............................................. – 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 91

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 93

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 93

Full time ................................................................. 3 ( ) 7 93

Part time ................................................................ 1 3 97

Union ..................................................................... 1 3 96

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 ( ) 11 89

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 ( ) 10 90

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 90

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3 ( ) 8 92

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 93

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 4 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 3 96

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 ( ) 7 93

Education and health services ........................... 1 6 94

Educational services ...................................... 1 5 94

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1 5 94

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 93

Health care and social assistance ................. – 8 92

Hospitals .................................................... – 3 97

Public administration ......................................... – 10 90

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 5 94

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1 6 93

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 96

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 92

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 92

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 92

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 377
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

State government .................................................. – 7 93

Local government .................................................. 1 7 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2 98

New England ..................................................... – – 98

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 98

South ..................................................................... – 12 88

South Atlantic .................................................... – 9 91

East South Central ............................................ – 28 72

West South Central ........................................... – 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 2 9 89

East North Central ............................................. – – 94

West North Central ............................................ – 20 80

West ...................................................................... – 2 98

Mountain ............................................................ – – 98

Pacific ................................................................ – 2 98

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2018 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2014 and 2017 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2014 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 378
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.1 0.8 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 0.8 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 0.1 1.2 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.1 1.3 1.3

Service ................................................................... – – 1.2

Protective service .............................................. – 1.9 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 0.8 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 0.3 0.7 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.1 0.8 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.1 1.0 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.1 1.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4 ( ) 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 0.6 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.2 0.6 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 0.1 0.9 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 0.1 1.0 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.2 1.0 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.0 3.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 1.2 1.2

Public administration ......................................... – 1.4 1.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.9 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.6 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 379
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

State government .................................................. – 1.1 1.1

Local government .................................................. 0.1 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 0.4 0.4

New England ..................................................... – – 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 0.3

South ..................................................................... – 1.7 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... – 1.6 1.6

East South Central ............................................ – 5.9 5.9

West South Central ........................................... – 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 0.4 1.5 1.4

East North Central ............................................. – – 1.6

West North Central ............................................ – 2.1 2.1

West ...................................................................... – 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.5

Pacific ................................................................ – 0.4 0.4

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2018 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2014 and 2017 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2014 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 380
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local government workers, March

2019

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

All workers ............................................................. – 100 93 5 3 ( ) 17 –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 100 94 4 1 16 –

Professional and related .................................... – 100 95 4 1 16 –

Teachers ........................................................ – 100 95 4 1 17 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 100 95 5 1 18 –

Service ................................................................... – 100 91 7 – 17 –

Protective service .............................................. – 100 91 8 – 18 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 100 92 7 – 20 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 100 92 7 – 20 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 100 88 8 – 15 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 100 91 5 – 16 –

Full time ................................................................. – 100 93 6 3 ( ) 17 –

Part time ................................................................ – 100 98 2 1 8 –

Union ..................................................................... – 100 95 4 1 18 –

Nonunion ............................................................... – 100 91 7 3 ( ) 16 –

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 100 92 6 3 ( ) 19 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 100 93 6 – 17 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 100 91 7 – 18 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 100 93 6 3 ( ) 14 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 100 95 3 1 16 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 100 96 3 1 15 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 100 93 5 3 ( ) 17 –

Education and health services ........................... – 100 95 4 1 17 –

Educational services ...................................... – 100 96 4 1 17 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 100 95 4 1 17 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 100 96 3 – 14 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – 100 90 – – 17 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 100 92 – – 9 –

Public administration ......................................... – 100 90 8 – 19 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 100 93 6 1 15 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 100 92 7 1 13 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 100 93 5 – 17 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 100 93 5 – 17 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 100 94 4 – 20 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 100 93 6 – 16 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 381
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

State government .................................................. – 100 92 5 – 18 –

Local government .................................................. – 100 93 5 1 16 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 100 97 2 – 19 –

New England ..................................................... – 100 94 – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 100 98 2 – 21 –

South ..................................................................... – 100 92 7 – 23 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – 100 87 10 – 45 –

East South Central ............................................ – 100 92 – – 23 –

West South Central ........................................... – 100 96 – – 3 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 100 90 6 2 14 –

East North Central ............................................. – 100 91 3 4 21 –

West North Central ............................................ – 100 90 10 – – –

West ...................................................................... – 100 92 6 – 8 –

Mountain ............................................................ – 100 91 – – 7 –

Pacific ................................................................ – 100 93 5 – 9 –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 382
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local

government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

All workers ............................................................. – 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.9 –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.1 1.1 –

Professional and related .................................... – 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.1 1.2 –

Teachers ........................................................ – 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.1 1.3 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.6 –

Service ................................................................... – 0.0 1.7 1.5 – 1.7 –

Protective service .............................................. – 0.0 2.7 2.5 – 2.7 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 0.0 1.2 1.2 – 2.0 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 0.0 1.2 1.2 – 2.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 0.0 3.3 2.5 – 2.6 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 0.0 2.8 1.6 – 3.6 –

Full time ................................................................. – 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.9 –

Part time ................................................................ – 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.3 1.7 –

Union ..................................................................... – 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 1.3 –

Nonunion ............................................................... – 0.0 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.9 –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 0.0 1.5 1.4 0.1 1.7 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 0.0 2.5 2.4 – 2.3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 0.0 1.4 1.3 – 1.5 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.1 1.1 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.8 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 0.0 1.4 1.3 0.2 2.6 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.9 –

Education and health services ........................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.1 1.1 –

Educational services ...................................... – 0.0 0.8 0.9 0.1 1.2 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 0.0 1.0 1.1 0.2 1.5 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 0.0 1.2 1.1 – 1.9 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – 0.0 4.3 – – 4.2 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 0.0 3.1 – – 2.8 –

Public administration ......................................... – 0.0 1.5 1.3 – 1.7 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 0.0 1.2 1.1 0.5 2.3 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 0.0 2.4 2.2 0.6 2.9 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 0.0 1.2 1.1 – 3.3 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 0.0 0.9 0.8 – 1.0 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 0.0 1.5 1.2 – 3.0 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 0.0 1.0 1.0 – 1.1 –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 383
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

State government .................................................. – 0.0 1.4 1.5 – 1.6 –

Local government .................................................. – 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.1 1.2 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 0.0 0.9 1.0 – 2.4 –

New England ..................................................... – 0.0 4.1 – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 0.0 0.6 0.7 – 2.6 –

South ..................................................................... – 0.0 1.6 1.6 – 1.3 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – 0.0 2.9 2.5 – 2.7 –

East South Central ............................................ – 0.0 5.0 – – 2.6 –

West South Central ........................................... – 0.0 1.7 – – 0.6 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 0.0 1.5 1.0 0.4 2.9 –

East North Central ............................................. – 0.0 2.1 1.1 0.5 3.7 –

West North Central ............................................ – 0.0 1.9 2.0 – – –

West ...................................................................... – 0.0 1.3 1.3 – 0.9 –

Mountain ............................................................ – 0.0 4.0 – – 2.5 –

Pacific ................................................................ – 0.0 0.4 1.1 – 0.8 –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 384
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, State and

local government workers, March 2019

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 69 31 88 12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 72 28 89 11

Professional and related .................................... 71 29 88 12

Teachers ........................................................ 74 26 94 6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 68 32 96 4

Service ................................................................... 59 41 85 15

Protective service .............................................. 57 43 85 15

Sales and office ..................................................... 71 29 89 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 69 31 89 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 27 88 12

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 67 33 – –

Full time ................................................................. 69 31 88 12

Part time ................................................................ 67 33 – –

Union ..................................................................... 63 37 83 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 72 28 91 9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 67 33 89 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 67 33 85 15

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 30 88 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 64 36 84 16

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 76 24 91 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 79 21 91 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 69 31 89 11

Education and health services ........................... 71 29 88 12

Educational services ...................................... 70 30 90 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 65 35 89 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 75 25 91 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 73 27 83 17

Hospitals .................................................... 78 22 – –

Public administration ......................................... 65 35 89 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 66 34 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 71 29 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 60 40 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 30 87 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 55 45 84 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 75 25 89 11

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 385
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, State and

local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

State government .................................................. 71 29 85 15

Local government .................................................. 68 32 89 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 61 39 76 24

South ..................................................................... 80 20 89 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 23 92 8

East South Central ............................................ 93 7 – –

West South Central ........................................... – – 86 14

Midwest ................................................................. 55 45 84 16

East North Central ............................................. 49 51 81 19

West North Central ............................................ 75 25 – –

West ...................................................................... 69 31 – –

Mountain ............................................................ – – 100 –

Pacific ................................................................ 64 36 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 386
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 2.6 1.3 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.3 5.3 1.7 1.7

Service ................................................................... 3.4 3.4 2.5 2.5

Protective service .............................................. 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.2 3.2 2.3 2.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.2 3.2 2.3 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.7 5.7 3.3 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 8.6 8.6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 6.6 6.6 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.3 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.6 4.6 3.4 3.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.3 3.3 1.9 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.8 2.8 1.9 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.5 3.5 2.7 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.5 4.5 2.2 2.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.1 6.1 4.0 4.0

Hospitals .................................................... 6.1 6.1 – –

Public administration ......................................... 3.2 3.2 1.7 1.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.6 4.6 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.2 5.2 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.2 7.2 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.2 4.2 3.3 3.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 387
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

State government .................................................. 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7

Local government .................................................. 2.7 2.7 1.5 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5.3 5.3 3.6 3.6

South ..................................................................... 2.7 2.7 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.4 3.4 1.5 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4 – –

West South Central ........................................... – – 3.4 3.4

Midwest ................................................................. 2.9 2.9 2.2 2.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 7.2 7.2 – –

West ...................................................................... 4.9 4.9 – –

Mountain ............................................................ – – 0.0 –

Pacific ................................................................ 5.7 5.7 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 388
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local

government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 89 79 88 89 70 78

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 80 87 92 71 78

Professional and related .................................... 91 79 87 91 70 77

Teachers ........................................................ 92 79 86 92 70 76

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 84 85 99 75 76

Service ................................................................... 81 72 89 81 63 77

Protective service .............................................. 90 81 90 90 69 77

Sales and office ..................................................... 89 80 90 89 72 81

Office and administrative support ...................... 90 80 90 90 73 82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 96 86 90 95 78 82

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 84 75 89 84 66 78

Full time ................................................................. 99 88 88 99 78 79

Part time ................................................................ 26 22 85 26 19 71

Union ..................................................................... 95 85 90 95 73 77

Nonunion ............................................................... 84 73 87 84 66 79

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 63 87 72 56 78

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 61 52 84 61 48 78

Second 25 percent ............................................ 93 83 89 93 73 78

Third 25 percent ................................................ 97 85 87 97 77 79

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 86 90 95 74 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 85 92 93 74 80

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 89 79 88 89 69 78

Education and health services ........................... 90 78 87 90 70 77

Educational services ...................................... 90 78 86 90 69 77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 77 85 90 68 76

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 81 91 89 72 81

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 82 90 91 73 81

Hospitals .................................................... 91 82 90 91 73 80

Public administration ......................................... 90 81 90 90 72 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 85 76 90 85 67 79

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 82 74 90 82 66 81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 88 79 89 88 69 78

100 workers or more .............................................. 90 79 88 90 70 78

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 87 78 90 87 69 80

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 80 87 92 71 77

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 389
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 59 49 82 38 32 84 88 69 78

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 60 48 80 38 32 84 90 70 77

Professional and related .................................... 59 47 80 36 30 84 90 69 77

Teachers ........................................................ 58 45 78 35 29 83 91 69 76

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 59 46 78 36 31 84 98 74 76

Service ................................................................... 55 47 86 36 30 83 80 62 78

Protective service .............................................. 63 57 90 45 38 83 89 70 78

Sales and office ..................................................... 59 49 83 41 35 84 88 72 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 60 50 83 42 35 85 89 73 82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 72 63 87 44 39 88 93 76 82

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 63 53 85 46 40 86 83 65 78

Full time ................................................................. 66 54 82 42 36 84 98 77 79

Part time ................................................................ 19 16 80 14 12 88 26 18 71

Union ..................................................................... 76 63 82 56 49 87 94 73 77

Nonunion ............................................................... 45 37 82 23 18 78 82 65 79

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 38 31 82 21 17 81 71 56 78

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 22 80 12 9 78 60 47 78

Second 25 percent ............................................ 67 56 84 43 36 84 92 73 79

Third 25 percent ................................................ 62 52 84 40 33 84 96 76 79

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 74 59 80 52 45 86 93 73 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 77 58 75 57 50 87 92 73 80

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 59 49 82 38 32 84 88 69 78

Education and health services ........................... 58 46 78 35 29 83 89 69 77

Educational services ...................................... 57 45 78 35 29 83 89 68 77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 54 42 78 34 29 84 89 67 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 65 51 78 38 30 79 89 71 80

Health care and social assistance ................. 65 52 81 38 32 85 90 73 80

Hospitals .................................................... 65 51 78 36 31 86 90 72 80

Public administration ......................................... 61 54 89 43 37 86 89 72 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 61 49 81 40 34 86 84 67 80

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 59 49 83 41 36 89 80 66 82

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 62 49 79 40 33 83 87 68 78

100 workers or more .............................................. 59 49 83 38 32 84 89 69 78

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 55 48 89 34 30 89 86 68 79

500 workers or more .......................................... 61 49 80 40 33 81 91 70 77

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 390
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 96 87 91 96 79 82

Local government .................................................. 87 76 87 87 67 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 87 78 90 87 66 76

New England ..................................................... 89 80 89 88 63 72

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 87 78 90 86 67 78

South ..................................................................... 92 78 85 92 74 80

South Atlantic .................................................... 91 78 86 91 72 79

East South Central ............................................ 92 81 88 92 78 85

West South Central ........................................... 96 78 82 96 74 78

Midwest ................................................................. 86 75 87 86 65 75

East North Central ............................................. 85 74 88 85 65 77

West North Central ............................................ 88 76 87 88 63 72

West ...................................................................... 88 82 94 88 70 80

Mountain ............................................................ 86 77 89 86 64 74

Pacific ................................................................ 89 85 96 89 74 83

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 391
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 66 55 84 44 37 85 95 78 83

Local government .................................................. 58 47 81 37 31 84 86 66 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 56 80 51 43 84 86 67 77

New England ..................................................... 61 56 91 14 12 84 88 64 73

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 74 57 77 63 53 84 85 67 79

South ..................................................................... 39 31 78 20 14 72 91 72 79

South Atlantic .................................................... 46 37 81 26 19 74 90 71 79

East South Central ............................................ 29 23 78 11 9 83 92 77 84

West South Central ........................................... 34 25 74 15 10 65 92 72 78

Midwest ................................................................. 62 53 86 33 27 84 83 63 75

East North Central ............................................. 63 54 85 45 38 85 84 65 78

West North Central ............................................ 60 53 88 – 7 – 82 58 71

West ...................................................................... 81 68 84 64 58 91 88 71 80

Mountain ............................................................ 69 59 86 31 26 83 86 65 75

Pacific ................................................................ 87 73 84 80 73 92 89 73 82

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 392
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.3 1.1 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 4.4 1.4 4.5 3.7 2.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.2 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.2 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.9 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.5 1.8 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.3 2.8 2.1 1.3 2.5 2.1

Hospitals .................................................... 0.9 3.1 2.8 0.9 3.0 3.0

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 2.1 1.2 2.1 1.8 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.3 2.3 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 393
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.7 1.2 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.5 1.3 2.7 1.9 2.3 1.2 1.7 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.7 2.7 1.5 3.7 3.5 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.7 3.9 2.0 4.9 4.4 2.6 4.5 4.0 2.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.1 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.3 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 1.6 2.5 1.2 1.0 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.6 1.1 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.1 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.8 2.3 2.4 1.6 1.7 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.6 3.2 2.5 3.6 3.3 2.5 1.6 2.8 2.2

Hospitals .................................................... 6.1 4.0 2.9 5.0 4.3 2.8 1.7 3.4 3.1

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.5 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.6 3.9 2.5 3.8 3.5 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.3 3.2 1.3 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 394
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.9

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.6

New England ..................................................... 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.3 4.2 4.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.9 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.4

South ..................................................................... 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 2.0 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.4 2.4 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.3 0.8 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.0 2.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.7 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.7 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 2.1 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 395
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.8

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5

New England ..................................................... 3.0 2.7 1.4 4.1 3.5 6.1 1.3 3.8 4.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.8 1.2 2.0 1.9 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.2

South ..................................................................... 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.0 2.0 0.9 1.2 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.5 2.3 1.7 2.6 1.7 2.4 1.5 2.1 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 5.5 4.6 5.0 2.2 1.7 3.1 1.4 2.2 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 3.5 2.2 3.4 1.3 1.4 5.4 1.4 1.6 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.1 0.8 2.7 2.1 2.5 1.6 0.6 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.4 1.0 3.5 2.8 2.6 1.9 0.8 2.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 1.6 1.0 – 2.6 – 2.7 1.1 1.7

West ...................................................................... 1.6 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 3.7 3.8 1.3 2.8 1.5 4.4 1.9 2.7 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 2.1 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.2 2.2 1.8

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 396
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, State and local government workers, March 2019

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 86 14 71 29

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 85 15 70 30

Professional and related .................................... 85 15 69 31

Teachers ........................................................ 84 16 66 34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 84 16 65 35

Service ................................................................... 87 13 72 28

Protective service .............................................. 88 12 77 23

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 12 73 27

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 12 73 27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 89 11 76 24

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 86 14 71 29

Full time ................................................................. 86 14 71 29

Part time ................................................................ 86 14 71 29

Union ..................................................................... 86 14 76 24

Nonunion ............................................................... 87 13 67 33

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 87 13 67 33

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 87 13 61 39

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 13 74 26

Third 25 percent ................................................ 86 14 69 31

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 85 15 75 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 84 16 76 24

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 86 14 71 29

Education and health services ........................... 85 15 68 32

Educational services ...................................... 85 15 67 33

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 84 16 65 35

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 14 72 28

Health care and social assistance ................. 87 13 75 25

Hospitals .................................................... 87 13 74 26

Public administration ......................................... 88 12 77 23

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 87 13 73 27

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 88 12 74 26

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 85 15 73 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 14 71 29

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 87 13 72 28

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 14 70 30

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 397
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

State government .................................................. 86 14 74 26

Local government .................................................. 87 13 70 30

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 85 15 83 17

New England ..................................................... 77 23 77 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 87 13 85 15

South ..................................................................... 86 14 63 37

South Atlantic .................................................... 86 14 66 34

East South Central ............................................ 88 12 62 38

West South Central ........................................... 87 13 58 42

Midwest ................................................................. 87 13 74 26

East North Central ............................................. 85 15 76 24

West North Central ............................................ 91 9 71 29

West ...................................................................... 86 14 75 25

Mountain ............................................................ 87 13 72 28

Pacific ................................................................ 86 14 76 24

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 398
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, State and local government workers, March

2019

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3

Hospitals .................................................... 1.1 1.1 2.5 2.5

Public administration ......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 399
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

State government .................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Local government .................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

New England ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.7

West ...................................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.4 0.4 3.2 3.2

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 400
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $569.90 22 $613.94 78 $557.22 $123.90

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 559.20 21 612.34 79 544.67 131.12

Professional and related .................................... 100 555.09 22 604.35 78 541.21 135.35

Teachers ........................................................ 100 549.89 23 594.49 77 536.85 148.13

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 547.68 24 588.03 76 534.95 154.92

Service ................................................................... 100 580.33 24 604.58 76 572.48 117.49

Protective service .............................................. 100 605.23 24 606.35 76 604.89 114.50

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 582.90 22 625.06 78 570.91 109.62

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 583.81 22 627.83 78 571.22 109.31

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 600.98 27 632.62 73 589.28 99.25

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 596.45 21 618.62 79 590.64 124.90

Full time ................................................................. 100 570.02 22 613.88 78 557.60 123.28

Part time ................................................................ 100 566.96 30 615.22 70 546.46 141.26

Union ..................................................................... 100 599.70 25 634.35 75 588.40 148.27

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 541.72 20 590.47 80 529.37 102.11

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 544.67 26 598.15 74 525.64 108.17

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 518.13 29 577.42 71 494.00 107.32

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 575.38 21 610.33 79 565.99 113.38

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 569.27 21 607.80 79 559.22 125.09

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 586.30 22 637.92 78 571.84 143.25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 595.29 25 653.01 75 576.28 171.32

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 570.75 22 614.29 78 558.29 124.09

Education and health services ........................... 100 549.54 22 600.35 78 535.00 131.84

Educational services ...................................... 100 550.15 23 600.15 77 535.52 137.75

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 543.91 24 593.92 76 527.82 148.16

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 563.90 17 614.28 83 553.72 112.25

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 545.96 20 601.72 80 532.09 98.72

Hospitals .................................................... 100 539.42 20 619.36 80 519.83 97.80

Public administration ......................................... 100 604.68 23 640.61 77 593.99 111.34

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 566.51 24 604.25 76 554.84 118.69

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 564.55 30 603.06 70 548.11 114.67

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 568.35 18 606.13 82 560.23 121.90

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 570.88 22 616.94 78 557.89 125.36

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 580.05 22 588.64 78 577.68 116.10

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 566.55 22 629.95 78 548.48 129.77

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 401
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. 100 $555.29 12 $591.41 88 $550.22 $108.64

Local government .................................................. 100 575.54 26 618.03 74 560.44 130.90

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 598.10 26 693.10 74 565.25 154.08

New England ..................................................... 100 557.00 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 610.90 33 695.76 67 569.03 145.50

South ..................................................................... 100 530.86 23 581.33 77 516.13 108.58

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 559.02 13 619.44 87 550.12 108.02

East South Central ............................................ 100 542.07 21 533.98 79 544.18 91.37

West South Central ........................................... 100 484.73 37 576.05 63 429.78 120.95

Midwest ................................................................. 100 588.74 19 599.84 81 586.13 117.51

East North Central ............................................. 100 586.50 11 579.50 89 587.34 125.43

West North Central ............................................ 100 593.07 35 611.88 65 582.89 96.33

West ...................................................................... 100 599.05 22 610.59 78 595.75 133.52

Mountain ............................................................ 100 530.42 17 563.87 83 523.66 88.90

Pacific ................................................................ 100 626.70 24 623.55 76 627.71 153.31

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 402
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $3.83 0.9 $6.15 0.9 $4.72 $2.91

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.57 1.1 5.62 1.1 5.78 3.80

Professional and related .................................... 5.07 1.2 5.56 1.2 6.56 4.39

Teachers ........................................................ 7.28 1.7 6.47 1.7 9.35 7.28

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9.10 1.8 6.84 1.8 11.92 8.39

Service ................................................................... 6.94 2.0 9.18 2.0 8.67 5.05

Protective service .............................................. 8.73 2.7 11.28 2.7 11.14 7.86

Sales and office ..................................................... 6.35 1.7 14.18 1.7 8.06 3.54

Office and administrative support ...................... 6.67 1.6 13.90 1.6 8.32 3.40

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16.22 3.5 32.91 3.5 17.80 7.36

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 16.38 3.2 22.42 3.2 19.50 7.17

Full time ................................................................. 3.90 0.9 6.49 0.9 4.66 2.91

Part time ................................................................ 13.51 3.9 18.89 3.9 15.86 7.92

Union ..................................................................... 5.41 1.3 7.72 1.3 6.49 4.20

Nonunion ............................................................... 5.59 1.3 10.04 1.3 6.84 3.29

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.70 1.5 12.83 1.5 5.87 4.17

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8.33 2.5 11.26 2.5 10.27 5.34

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6.53 1.8 13.11 1.8 8.04 3.34

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5.94 1.5 8.46 1.5 7.14 5.26

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5.92 1.4 8.49 1.4 7.20 4.27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.22 1.5 11.61 1.5 5.66 6.58

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.87 0.9 6.20 0.9 4.77 2.94

Education and health services ........................... 4.66 1.1 5.66 1.1 6.17 4.51

Educational services ...................................... 4.69 1.1 5.74 1.1 6.31 5.35

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.54 1.3 6.90 1.3 8.30 6.41

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12.74 1.9 17.84 1.9 13.43 5.64

Health care and social assistance ................. 16.39 3.3 20.53 3.3 20.02 3.44

Hospitals .................................................... 27.93 3.4 13.24 3.4 33.87 4.83

Public administration ......................................... 6.63 1.6 15.89 1.6 6.19 2.46

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11.23 2.0 18.13 2.0 12.91 4.38

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 17.66 3.7 24.72 3.7 21.13 4.69

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 12.27 2.1 21.48 2.1 13.18 6.49

100 workers or more .............................................. 5.33 1.1 5.98 1.1 6.63 3.34

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10.85 2.0 12.74 2.0 13.39 5.15

500 workers or more .......................................... 5.72 1.1 7.39 1.1 6.86 3.55

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 403
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. $5.88 1.0 $6.45 1.0 $6.31 $3.23

Local government .................................................. 5.25 1.2 7.08 1.2 7.00 3.67

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6.35 1.2 5.23 1.2 7.57 4.62

New England ..................................................... 10.67 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 8.00 1.7 5.26 1.7 9.90 7.28

South ..................................................................... 5.64 1.4 9.07 1.4 8.15 5.93

South Atlantic .................................................... 10.35 1.9 14.06 1.9 13.50 9.25

East South Central ............................................ 13.95 1.7 3.13 1.7 17.86 9.20

West South Central ........................................... 3.59 3.0 13.21 3.0 5.31 9.65

Midwest ................................................................. 6.74 2.1 18.15 2.1 6.10 3.97

East North Central ............................................. 7.08 1.5 22.31 1.5 7.48 5.54

West North Central ............................................ 14.18 5.7 25.74 5.7 10.25 4.56

West ...................................................................... 10.73 2.2 14.79 2.2 12.36 4.85

Mountain ............................................................ 15.62 3.8 21.64 3.8 18.85 5.74

Pacific ................................................................ 13.46 2.6 18.79 2.6 16.22 7.10

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 404
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 62 26 6 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 62 27 6 6

Professional and related .................................... 62 27 6 5

Teachers ........................................................ 64 26 7 4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 66 23 7 5

Service ................................................................... 64 24 5 7

Protective service .............................................. 67 20 3 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 58 28 6 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 58 27 6 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 68 21 7 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 63 17 16 3

Full time ................................................................. 62 26 6 6

Part time ................................................................ 49 31 – –

Union ..................................................................... 66 17 7 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 59 34 6 2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 58 32 7 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 60 33 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 62 25 6 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 63 27 6 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 64 21 6 10

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 62 22 4 12

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 62 26 6 6

Education and health services ........................... 61 29 5 4

Educational services ...................................... 63 28 6 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 67 22 6 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 52 42 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 53 38 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 49 44 – –

Public administration ......................................... 63 22 5 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 61 23 9 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 65 – – 8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 58 26 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 62 27 5 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 65 25 6 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 61 28 5 6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 405
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 49 38 4 8

Local government .................................................. 68 20 7 5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 64 17 8 11

New England ..................................................... 78 10 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 57 20 6 16

South ..................................................................... 58 37 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 47 47 – –

East South Central ............................................ 53 46 – –

West South Central ........................................... 82 11 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 74 20 5 1

East North Central ............................................. 74 19 6 2

West North Central ............................................ 73 22 – –

West ...................................................................... 57 19 7 17

Mountain ............................................................ 70 20 5 4

Pacific ................................................................ 51 18 8 22

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 406
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 1.7 0.9 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 2.1 1.0 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 3.2 2.8 1.1 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.3 2.9 1.2 0.8

Service ................................................................... 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 3.5 2.1 0.9 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.5 2.2 1.1 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.5 2.1 1.1 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.7 4.1 1.3 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.9 4.3 2.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 4.3 4.4 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 0.9 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.4 2.2 0.9 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.9 1.3 0.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.1 3.4 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 1.8 1.0 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.7 2.5 0.9 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.0 1.2 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 2.0 0.8 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 2.1 0.9 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.1 2.1 0.9 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.3 3.3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.3 5.2 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 5.9 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.7 3.3 1.7 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.8 – – 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.9 3.7 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.5 2.7 1.5 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 407
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 2.2 2.1 1.0 1.0

Local government .................................................. 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.6 2.7 1.4 2.0

New England ..................................................... 4.4 1.6 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.1 3.4 1.4 2.8

South ..................................................................... 2.6 2.7 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.3 4.5 – –

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 1.3 – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 3.0 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 1.9 1.9 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 1.5 2.4 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 5.6 5.7 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.5 1.7 1.4 1.8

Mountain ............................................................ 4.6 2.5 2.0 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 3.1 2.1 1.9 2.6

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 408
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,214.62 7 $1,677.50 93 $1,178.65 $504.55

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,174.43 8 1,673.89 92 1,133.75 522.91

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,158.43 8 1,660.79 92 1,117.58 540.15

Teachers ........................................................ 100 1,096.61 8 1,661.46 92 1,049.95 589.50

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 1,081.12 9 1,674.03 91 1,024.19 616.60

Service ................................................................... 100 1,254.16 7 1,681.08 93 1,223.34 487.60

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,368.52 8 1,721.09 92 1,338.23 436.92

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,267.86 7 1,640.69 93 1,241.25 470.65

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,269.54 7 1,641.89 93 1,242.51 468.85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,326.32 7 1,750.55 93 1,292.76 433.97

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,303.31 7 1,765.33 93 1,270.71 521.94

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,214.08 7 1,675.80 93 1,178.96 503.47

Part time ................................................................ 100 1,228.49 11 1,706.00 89 1,170.36 533.25

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,375.34 12 1,690.95 88 1,331.66 507.70

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 1,063.82 3 1,617.90 97 1,049.19 501.88

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 1,068.05 4 1,779.07 96 1,035.77 527.05

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 941.87 3 1,565.83 97 920.84 575.96

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,275.02 7 1,595.03 93 1,250.31 459.38

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,175.06 6 1,644.57 94 1,143.99 525.92

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,322.70 11 1,709.53 89 1,277.01 500.71

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,357.86 15 1,713.15 85 1,292.74 551.46

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,215.82 7 1,676.94 93 1,179.89 505.48

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,131.99 8 1,659.84 92 1,089.00 549.63

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,110.49 8 1,674.89 92 1,062.76 571.62

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 1,077.20 9 1,677.26 91 1,014.59 615.44

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,196.73 3 1,538.98 97 1,187.14 459.60

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,255.59 6 1,547.49 94 1,236.94 425.63

Hospitals .................................................... 100 1,288.39 7 1,646.24 93 1,262.04 426.72

Public administration ......................................... 100 1,344.47 7 1,704.92 93 1,316.70 433.46

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 1,196.88 8 1,649.21 92 1,156.44 468.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 1,202.36 9 1,637.35 91 1,159.75 453.47

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 1,191.62 8 1,662.71 92 1,153.32 481.73

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,219.70 7 1,687.10 93 1,184.91 514.86

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,233.07 3 1,482.86 97 1,225.94 470.13

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,213.42 9 1,717.10 91 1,164.35 537.28

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 409
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. 100 $1,226.79 1 $1,157.66 99 $1,227.57 $412.92

Local government .................................................. 100 1,209.95 10 1,700.73 90 1,158.10 543.03

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,496.95 23 1,782.37 77 1,412.68 426.24

New England ..................................................... 100 1,423.06 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,519.97 30 1,785.95 70 1,407.78 420.36

South ..................................................................... 100 961.06 1 1,469.86 99 956.57 547.47

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 1,056.49 1 1,595.10 99 1,050.84 513.95

East South Central ............................................ 100 916.91 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 100 846.73 – – – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,312.33 5 1,556.43 95 1,299.23 477.19

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,356.31 3 1,375.36 97 1,355.74 456.34

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,229.45 – – – – –

West ...................................................................... 100 1,350.43 8 1,545.85 92 1,333.84 499.80

Mountain ............................................................ 100 1,138.15 6 1,450.85 94 1,119.83 459.99

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,437.47 9 1,570.43 91 1,424.69 516.69

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 410
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $11.07 0.5 $29.86 0.5 $11.81 $8.27

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 15.17 0.5 26.75 0.5 16.31 10.99

Professional and related .................................... 16.88 0.6 20.39 0.6 17.81 11.72

Teachers ........................................................ 21.43 0.9 23.26 0.9 22.26 16.32

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 23.40 1.1 24.80 1.1 23.47 18.66

Service ................................................................... 20.33 0.8 37.53 0.8 21.59 13.76

Protective service .............................................. 28.38 1.2 40.58 1.2 30.61 17.80

Sales and office ..................................................... 24.88 0.7 35.85 0.7 25.87 12.86

Office and administrative support ...................... 25.27 0.7 35.83 0.7 26.22 12.05

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38.41 2.0 244.02 2.0 28.85 29.22

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 46.63 2.4 75.19 2.4 48.53 25.33

Full time ................................................................. 11.57 0.5 31.26 0.5 12.17 8.46

Part time ................................................................ 39.08 2.2 39.05 2.2 37.57 27.96

Union ..................................................................... 13.84 0.7 18.95 0.7 15.38 11.33

Nonunion ............................................................... 16.49 0.5 142.96 0.5 15.85 10.38

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 15.03 0.7 154.73 0.7 15.50 10.57

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 21.92 1.4 145.75 1.4 20.20 17.36

Second 25 percent ............................................ 22.87 0.8 44.58 0.8 23.98 10.88

Third 25 percent ................................................ 19.91 0.8 35.26 0.8 20.92 13.61

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 18.03 0.9 16.06 0.9 20.24 13.45

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 24.20 1.4 16.24 1.4 26.24 19.30

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 11.20 0.4 30.16 0.4 12.03 8.23

Education and health services ........................... 14.18 0.5 26.52 0.5 15.92 12.17

Educational services ...................................... 13.32 0.6 26.43 0.6 15.23 14.14

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 14.19 0.8 27.55 0.8 15.81 15.27

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 21.65 0.8 85.15 0.8 22.40 14.57

Health care and social assistance ................. 57.88 1.2 102.85 1.2 61.95 16.25

Hospitals .................................................... 107.73 1.2 72.52 1.2 115.35 20.59

Public administration ......................................... 20.85 0.7 79.70 0.7 21.32 11.59

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23.03 1.4 99.93 1.4 23.31 15.90

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 34.48 2.0 184.46 2.0 31.80 24.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29.31 2.1 57.63 2.1 30.67 25.51

100 workers or more .............................................. 14.81 0.5 22.02 0.5 15.27 10.72

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 22.67 0.7 74.20 0.7 22.97 17.22

500 workers or more .......................................... 17.23 0.6 23.97 0.6 18.58 10.70

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 411
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. $12.46 0.3 $65.19 0.3 $12.34 $9.31

Local government .................................................. 14.42 0.6 29.65 0.6 15.23 9.97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 16.76 1.2 11.81 1.2 20.53 13.67

New England ..................................................... 33.00 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 19.71 1.7 10.75 1.7 25.41 22.76

South ..................................................................... 18.88 0.3 143.04 0.3 18.66 10.04

South Atlantic .................................................... 30.48 0.3 145.07 0.3 29.38 10.11

East South Central ............................................ 50.19 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 25.42 – – – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 17.74 1.3 183.31 1.3 18.89 15.69

East North Central ............................................. 22.96 0.8 133.69 0.8 24.61 15.82

West North Central ............................................ 25.81 – – – – –

West ...................................................................... 22.05 1.2 40.49 1.2 23.79 26.59

Mountain ............................................................ 47.89 1.9 39.48 1.9 54.20 67.75

Pacific ................................................................ 25.34 1.5 52.77 1.5 25.63 24.82

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 412
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 64 24 6 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 64 25 6 5

Professional and related .................................... 64 25 7 4

Teachers ........................................................ 67 23 7 4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 69 20 7 4

Service ................................................................... 67 23 5 6

Protective service .............................................. 69 20 3 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 25 6 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 61 25 6 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 72 16 7 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 65 16 14 5

Full time ................................................................. 65 24 6 6

Part time ................................................................ 55 25 – –

Union ..................................................................... 68 15 7 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 62 31 6 2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 62 29 7 2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 64 29 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 64 24 6 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 66 24 6 4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 65 19 7 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 62 20 6 11

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 64 24 6 6

Education and health services ........................... 65 26 5 4

Educational services ...................................... 66 25 6 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 70 20 6 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 55 38 5 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 57 35 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 53 41 – –

Public administration ......................................... 64 22 5 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 63 20 10 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 65 17 10 8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 61 23 11 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 65 25 5 5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 68 22 5 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 26 5 6

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 413
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 49 39 3 9

Local government .................................................. 71 17 8 4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 65 16 8 11

New England ..................................................... 78 10 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 58 19 6 16

South ..................................................................... 62 33 4 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 53 42 5 –

East South Central ............................................ 61 38 – –

West South Central ........................................... 77 19 5 –

Midwest ................................................................. 77 16 5 2

East North Central ............................................. 77 15 5 2

West North Central ............................................ 76 17 – –

West ...................................................................... 57 17 10 16

Mountain ............................................................ 72 19 4 5

Pacific ................................................................ 50 16 13 21

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 414
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.7 0.9 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 2.5 2.2 1.1 0.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.6 2.2 1.2 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.4 0.7 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 2.5 2.0 1.0 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 1.7 1.1 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.3 3.6 1.4 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.8 4.1 2.2 1.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 4.3 3.7 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.0 1.8 0.7 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.8 3.1 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 1.6 0.8 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 2.0 0.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.6 0.8 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.2 3.2 1.9 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.3 5.0 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 5.6 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.5 3.0 1.7 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.1 4.8 2.5 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.8 3.4 2.5 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 2.2 1.3 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 415
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.1 0.9 0.9

Local government .................................................. 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.5 2.5 1.4 1.9

New England ..................................................... 4.0 1.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.0 3.0 1.4 2.5

South ..................................................................... 2.0 1.9 0.9 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.8 3.8 1.7 –

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 0.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.7 1.1 –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 1.3 2.3 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 2.8 4.4 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 3.1 1.5 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 1.9 1.8 2.5

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 416
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State and local

government workers, March 2019

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $28.34 $52.90 $97.41 $145.28 $238.06 $165.00 $253.19 $410.22 $642.36 $1044.07

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 29.36 56.00 100.08 155.36 256.18 156.63 254.31 432.65 667.12 1067.87

Professional and related .................................... 29.97 58.86 102.46 157.39 265.00 167.05 264.79 448.76 686.02 1086.59

Teachers ........................................................ 31.50 60.82 105.86 182.50 319.62 157.22 286.92 507.15 787.13 1206.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 31.50 62.95 107.24 189.37 335.72 151.53 306.56 536.24 861.82 1276.66

Service ................................................................... 29.27 52.00 95.36 138.73 238.80 180.00 260.00 411.27 615.14 1001.98

Protective service .............................................. 25.42 50.00 92.49 137.32 223.06 178.32 245.00 372.72 538.50 783.12

Sales and office ..................................................... 20.00 50.00 87.39 135.94 188.07 155.85 243.10 384.26 601.40 897.49

Office and administrative support ...................... 20.00 50.00 87.26 135.94 188.00 155.85 243.10 384.55 601.98 897.49

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 44.68 86.81 127.48 173.32 133.99 234.00 360.00 524.16 788.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 48.53 99.49 150.20 231.10 – 292.89 434.22 752.73 1122.01

Full time ................................................................. 27.64 52.35 96.38 145.18 230.72 165.00 252.33 410.22 641.76 1027.00

Part time ................................................................ 45.70 85.00 111.11 174.10 299.07 – 275.71 441.16 834.37 1190.00

Union ..................................................................... 36.00 68.54 113.21 173.34 270.12 139.08 243.44 380.94 624.53 1060.86

Nonunion ............................................................... 19.90 44.74 85.00 130.58 188.00 180.00 261.31 441.63 660.00 1014.22

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 23.48 48.82 86.67 137.28 203.00 180.00 279.13 480.88 686.00 1105.34

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 20.00 40.00 86.67 137.28 207.20 211.79 328.83 549.30 708.57 1136.36

Second 25 percent ............................................ 26.80 50.00 90.00 137.55 204.04 153.19 242.00 374.88 582.69 882.69

Third 25 percent ................................................ 25.63 53.32 95.61 138.98 251.08 171.44 264.43 451.39 685.00 1060.86

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 31.73 66.01 107.03 173.32 274.08 130.00 234.28 392.14 591.49 1027.00

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32.48 74.19 123.94 215.06 533.29 157.22 257.68 418.63 647.92 1412.51

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 28.23 52.90 97.68 147.77 238.80 165.00 254.52 412.74 648.17 1044.07

Education and health services ........................... 29.97 59.24 100.56 157.89 261.00 173.18 273.71 487.70 705.00 1104.14

Educational services ...................................... 30.47 60.00 103.82 171.00 276.80 167.05 277.04 502.65 758.62 1137.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 29.97 61.08 105.95 186.49 307.68 165.00 310.12 553.00 878.00 1247.87

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 31.34 56.00 93.67 140.28 195.89 180.00 214.14 366.18 546.74 705.00

Health care and social assistance ................. – 50.00 85.00 122.55 155.03 199.00 256.00 375.19 508.00 705.00

Hospitals .................................................... – 39.00 85.00 108.00 153.94 211.00 267.51 391.00 507.15 705.00

Public administration ......................................... 20.37 50.00 90.91 135.94 203.37 125.00 222.15 360.00 517.36 809.52

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 30.78 60.67 100.10 138.98 203.90 102.73 208.89 369.14 600.05 901.65

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 23.96 51.68 107.03 150.75 215.93 – 210.34 379.14 601.40 946.41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 37.12 65.24 92.03 133.30 194.49 106.62 206.24 354.93 600.05 868.20

100 workers or more .............................................. 28.34 50.00 96.00 149.65 244.07 180.00 261.40 428.71 661.54 1059.70

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 50.00 92.51 137.00 227.54 157.72 221.62 372.33 601.00 1030.30

500 workers or more .......................................... 28.50 51.98 97.68 153.89 255.05 199.40 292.89 466.10 668.42 1061.05

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 417
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $32.48 $50.00 $103.60 $138.38 $185.22 $180.00 $213.27 $351.24 $487.70 $664.50

Local government .................................................. 25.00 53.05 95.71 155.05 265.00 147.57 267.97 446.70 691.52 1120.52

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 48.53 90.55 124.74 186.85 258.31 85.57 245.64 398.21 494.20 669.05

New England ..................................................... 80.58 125.10 165.56 205.74 315.02 220.76 309.14 412.19 513.38 653.78

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 37.17 72.92 123.94 158.84 241.42 – 215.37 391.43 487.70 693.24

South ..................................................................... 20.00 49.53 86.32 136.75 200.69 191.73 327.90 507.15 689.64 1090.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 24.86 50.00 77.72 115.70 175.31 180.00 271.75 435.82 623.51 960.55

East South Central ............................................ 19.93 – – 130.25 176.60 228.98 350.18 519.16 686.00 –

West South Central ........................................... – 58.44 99.69 163.32 273.04 215.38 351.24 545.42 852.86 1130.00

Midwest ................................................................. 30.00 56.00 90.98 129.40 195.75 147.46 213.27 338.16 636.11 1119.79

East North Central ............................................. 30.98 70.00 93.67 135.30 209.89 133.99 211.00 305.59 577.86 1025.74

West North Central ............................................ 28.34 32.48 69.36 110.46 157.89 165.00 221.62 402.06 778.28 1163.93

West ...................................................................... 28.50 49.31 93.01 171.64 265.79 123.16 222.17 363.12 642.36 978.41

Mountain ............................................................ 16.80 37.25 56.12 101.22 189.40 135.67 228.48 374.88 642.36 935.35

Pacific ................................................................ 41.55 74.24 120.00 207.20 300.91 119.17 219.33 361.19 629.71 1029.10

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 418
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State

and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $2.73 $2.73 $3.56 $4.80 $12.64 $15.43 $8.28 $14.82 $15.98 $50.92

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.21 3.33 3.62 5.97 14.71 18.66 12.55 25.89 16.08 38.42

Professional and related .................................... 2.36 3.54 4.42 7.63 15.50 18.35 11.42 24.17 18.80 37.99

Teachers ........................................................ 3.27 4.57 2.97 11.60 28.62 22.18 19.75 10.82 40.70 68.78

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.24 5.44 6.05 8.92 29.48 21.97 21.21 35.75 76.37 30.33

Service ................................................................... 4.26 5.67 8.35 7.50 28.01 6.49 12.72 21.73 34.29 96.90

Protective service .............................................. 6.93 4.89 9.73 11.87 33.91 20.00 15.33 13.60 71.22 94.31

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.55 3.89 4.42 4.71 7.34 19.62 7.68 13.35 12.32 54.53

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.26 4.22 3.57 5.87 5.64 17.30 7.64 13.68 12.52 56.54

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 5.42 8.30 7.16 18.84 29.25 29.10 29.46 19.98 190.56

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 8.54 14.03 14.16 36.40 – 20.75 51.82 120.85 114.48

Full time ................................................................. 3.05 2.69 3.88 4.51 11.83 16.08 8.21 14.77 18.34 50.80

Part time ................................................................ 7.86 2.78 8.11 43.68 33.52 – 34.23 86.60 109.68 88.93

Union ..................................................................... 1.90 3.04 4.51 8.20 17.64 11.62 13.64 11.51 26.60 57.22

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.42 2.55 1.62 3.23 4.50 1.83 11.36 18.94 14.90 58.09

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.23 4.89 3.75 5.84 8.90 2.09 20.51 13.68 13.77 49.60

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.91 5.67 3.81 8.41 4.98 6.94 15.43 27.03 56.83 108.27

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.31 4.79 4.29 3.02 5.66 31.08 10.64 9.79 18.22 68.85

Third 25 percent ................................................ 7.28 3.74 4.68 2.89 28.34 13.96 12.39 23.76 23.49 51.09

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.82 3.90 4.62 11.90 21.29 16.34 19.22 22.08 19.71 87.54

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.37 7.71 7.95 15.19 0.00 23.39 20.65 28.41 46.39 11.12

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.01 2.72 3.37 4.57 10.11 17.16 9.25 17.77 14.65 49.35

Education and health services ........................... 2.20 3.75 3.74 6.29 13.35 10.68 11.62 7.23 19.15 36.62

Educational services ...................................... 2.25 3.66 2.82 8.18 13.27 19.21 15.38 13.28 48.90 46.56

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.27 4.50 3.59 5.86 25.21 21.07 15.84 26.28 49.10 51.19

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.82 7.87 12.95 6.76 15.08 23.43 6.85 51.69 44.38 43.61

Health care and social assistance ................. – 10.44 6.52 12.55 9.40 13.94 8.79 19.03 48.88 30.57

Hospitals .................................................... – 8.91 4.77 19.53 9.93 11.54 19.51 32.79 25.98 67.20

Public administration ......................................... 5.72 0.16 5.83 1.91 14.47 31.94 17.96 6.10 22.80 43.47

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6.03 7.34 5.95 6.10 13.23 14.58 21.30 14.33 12.58 104.45

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.04 7.85 7.29 8.02 17.61 – 31.97 24.47 19.64 159.98

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.13 3.93 7.85 13.30 18.84 17.59 33.73 32.73 27.58 156.56

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.60 2.50 3.37 4.93 8.88 2.05 9.47 18.40 15.41 47.43

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 4.37 4.83 5.88 18.60 30.41 15.38 14.72 26.35 95.76

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.60 2.93 3.63 5.19 13.27 9.81 14.35 25.41 16.11 40.09

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 419
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State

and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $3.76 $6.72 $5.36 $1.81 $7.43 $0.00 $4.46 $14.69 $15.13 $31.28

Local government .................................................. 4.30 2.77 4.36 6.53 13.99 15.76 9.92 17.62 19.93 34.43

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5.62 8.08 5.79 3.27 20.78 14.82 15.50 19.11 10.92 53.42

New England ..................................................... 15.63 11.17 14.60 7.06 29.57 52.19 37.20 42.04 50.84 83.42

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6.43 7.54 2.78 13.07 8.95 – 21.28 38.88 0.00 84.06

South ..................................................................... 1.39 6.43 4.19 4.57 9.03 10.90 18.96 1.67 17.08 40.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.39 0.33 9.49 15.09 11.98 0.00 12.56 12.43 45.06 235.11

East South Central ............................................ 3.90 – – 3.96 5.37 4.22 12.52 8.03 11.11 –

West South Central ........................................... – 5.84 10.27 9.22 16.98 42.45 9.18 19.86 61.93 77.03

Midwest ................................................................. 2.96 6.94 3.90 6.54 32.90 21.20 6.30 26.36 58.00 115.99

East North Central ............................................. 6.16 5.71 4.08 3.83 45.27 25.75 2.53 22.41 76.20 160.37

West North Central ............................................ 1.30 5.21 13.46 3.85 9.38 31.64 20.58 35.60 83.14 178.80

West ...................................................................... 6.59 4.90 6.26 21.92 7.40 8.32 29.45 26.85 50.54 41.11

Mountain ............................................................ 2.57 9.96 1.31 14.21 29.86 22.69 34.51 88.80 99.69 57.01

Pacific ................................................................ 3.03 6.97 6.36 17.57 18.78 18.64 38.07 13.23 31.06 40.10

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 420
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 81 79 98 26 25 96 38 37 97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 83 81 97 25 24 95 41 40 97

Professional and related .................................... 82 80 97 25 24 95 41 39 97

Teachers ........................................................ 82 80 97 22 20 94 40 39 96

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 87 85 98 21 20 96 39 38 97

Service ................................................................... 76 74 97 25 25 98 31 31 98

Protective service .............................................. 86 84 98 29 29 99 32 31 99

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 80 98 29 28 98 38 37 98

Office and administrative support ...................... 83 81 98 29 28 98 38 37 98

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 89 88 99 36 35 96 43 41 97

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 79 98 28 26 95 33 32 96

Full time ................................................................. 91 89 98 28 27 96 42 41 97

Part time ................................................................ 24 23 93 15 14 96 14 13 93

Union ..................................................................... 89 87 98 26 26 98 38 37 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 75 73 97 26 25 95 39 37 97

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 65 63 97 20 19 95 30 28 96

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 53 51 97 16 15 93 24 23 95

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 85 98 30 29 96 41 40 97

Third 25 percent ................................................ 87 86 98 26 25 96 42 40 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 86 97 29 29 98 42 41 98

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 82 97 34 33 98 38 37 97

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 82 79 98 26 25 96 39 38 97

Education and health services ........................... 82 80 97 24 23 94 41 39 97

Educational services ...................................... 81 79 97 23 21 94 39 37 97

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 79 77 98 21 20 95 35 34 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 83 96 28 26 92 49 48 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 87 84 96 33 32 96 52 50 96

Hospitals .................................................... 87 83 95 44 43 96 63 61 98

Public administration ......................................... 84 82 98 30 29 98 35 34 98

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 73 98 21 21 97 35 35 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 69 68 99 24 23 97 33 33 99

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 80 79 98 19 18 97 38 36 96

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 81 97 28 27 96 39 38 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 78 76 97 23 22 97 36 35 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 84 97 30 29 96 41 40 97

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 421
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 90 87 96 30 28 94 39 38 96

Local government .................................................. 79 77 98 25 24 97 38 37 97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 82 79 97 33 33 100 15 15 99

New England ..................................................... 82 74 90 11 11 100 16 16 99

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 81 81 99 40 40 100 15 15 99

South ..................................................................... 82 80 97 23 22 94 34 33 97

South Atlantic .................................................... 85 82 97 34 32 94 46 45 96

East South Central ............................................ 74 72 96 – – – 31 31 97

West South Central ........................................... 83 81 98 14 13 96 18 18 99

Midwest ................................................................. 81 79 97 24 22 92 58 57 98

East North Central ............................................. 81 78 96 34 31 92 64 62 97

West North Central ............................................ 81 80 100 6 6 98 46 46 99

West ...................................................................... 81 80 99 27 27 99 46 44 96

Mountain ............................................................ 82 82 100 28 27 97 61 58 95

Pacific ................................................................ 80 79 99 27 27 100 39 37 97

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 422
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.6 2.3 2.2 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.9 2.3 2.2 0.9

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.5 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.4 1.9 2.0 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.6 1.7 0.5 2.7 2.7 0.3 3.0 3.0 0.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.3 0.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.3 2.3 0.4 4.1 3.8 1.6 4.0 3.7 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 4.5 0.6 4.0 3.9 1.5 3.2 3.1 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.5 0.4 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.9 0.7 1.9 1.9 2.5 1.6 1.5 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.3 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.5 2.1 2.1 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.8 1.7 0.5 2.1 2.0 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.6 1.5 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.6 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 1.9 0.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.2 2.4 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 2.0 1.5 3.2 2.9 1.6 3.6 3.6 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... 2.8 2.3 2.1 4.6 4.1 1.9 3.8 4.1 1.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.5 1.6 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.8 0.5 1.9 1.8 1.5 2.0 1.9 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.9 3.0 0.7 3.8 3.5 2.2 3.4 3.4 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 2.1 0.6 2.7 2.6 2.0 3.2 3.0 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 1.9 0.4 1.9 1.9 1.4 2.1 2.0 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 423
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.5 0.5

Local government .................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 2.2 0.9 1.8 1.8 0.1 1.6 1.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 2.4 3.0 3.0 1.9 1.9 0.0 2.4 2.4 0.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 2.7 0.5 2.4 2.4 0.1 2.1 2.1 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.7 2.1 2.1 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 1.3 0.8 2.9 2.9 0.9 3.2 3.3 0.6

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 2.0 0.6 – – – 6.1 5.8 0.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.2 0.7 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.8 2.7 0.7

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 2.2 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.4 2.4 2.4 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.0 3.0 0.9 1.6 1.5 0.4 2.0 2.0 0.3

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 2.6 0.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 5.7 5.7 0.5

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.6 0.2 1.9 1.8 0.8 2.3 2.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 3.9 3.8 0.2 4.1 3.8 2.4 6.6 5.3 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.7 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.1 1.7 1.9 0.8

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 424
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 10 90

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 11 89

Teachers ........................................................ 12 88

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 11 89

Service ................................................................... 9 91

Protective service .............................................. 7 93

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 91

Office and administrative support ...................... 9 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 93

Full time ................................................................. 10 90

Part time ................................................................ 14 86

Union ..................................................................... 9 91

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 90

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 11 89

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 14 86

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 93

Third 25 percent ................................................ 8 92

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 13 87

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 88

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 90

Education and health services ........................... 11 89

Educational services ...................................... 11 89

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14 86

Health care and social assistance ................. 11 89

Hospitals .................................................... 8 92

Public administration ......................................... 7 93

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 91

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10 90

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 91

100 workers or more .............................................. 10 90

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 92

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 89

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 425
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 13 87

Local government .................................................. 9 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14 86

New England ..................................................... 42 58

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 95

South ..................................................................... 9 91

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 90

East South Central ............................................ 12 88

West South Central ........................................... 8 92

Midwest ................................................................. 12 88

East North Central ............................................. 15 85

West North Central ............................................ 7 93

West ...................................................................... 5 95

Mountain ............................................................ 8 92

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 426
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers,

March 2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.0 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 3.2 3.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 1.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 2.3

Hospitals .................................................... 2.5 2.5

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.7 2.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 427
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 1.5 1.5

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.3

New England ..................................................... 3.5 3.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.8

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 2.5

West North Central ............................................ 0.7 0.7

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 428
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local government

workers, March 2019

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 36 3 53 6 3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 34 3 54 5 4

Professional and related .................................... 33 3 55 5 4

Teachers ........................................................ 29 3 59 4 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 26 2 63 3 5

Service ................................................................... 37 2 53 5 2

Protective service .............................................. 35 2 53 7 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 39 2 50 5 3

Office and administrative support ...................... 39 2 50 6 3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 – 50 8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 38 – 43 17 –

Full time ................................................................. 36 2 53 6 3

Part time ................................................................ 32 – 59 – 3

Union ..................................................................... 32 2 58 7 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 4 47 4 6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 2 54 3 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 40 1 54 3 2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40 3 49 6 3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 34 2 53 7 4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 34 3 55 6 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 3 58 6 1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 3 53 5 3

Education and health services ........................... 35 3 55 4 4

Educational services ...................................... 31 3 58 4 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 3 63 3 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 44 4 44 6 4

Health care and social assistance ................. 56 – 35 4 –

Hospitals .................................................... 65 – 27 – –

Public administration ......................................... 35 2 53 7 3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 3 62 2 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 19 6 66 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 34 – 58 – 4

100 workers or more .............................................. 38 2 50 6 3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 36 3 52 6 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 39 2 50 7 3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 429
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

State government .................................................. 40 3 46 6 5

Local government .................................................. 34 2 55 5 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 33 – 51 13 –

New England ..................................................... 19 – 74 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 37 – 45 14 –

South ..................................................................... 40 3 45 4 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 51 5 28 2 14

East South Central ............................................ 43 – 40 12 –

West South Central ........................................... 23 – 73 3 –

Midwest ................................................................. 41 2 51 4 2

East North Central ............................................. 41 – 53 4 –

West North Central ............................................ 40 4 49 – –

West ...................................................................... 26 1 68 4 1

Mountain ............................................................ 40 – 56 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 19 1 74 5 1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 430
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State

and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 0.3 1.4 0.6 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 0.4 1.7 0.8 2.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 0.4 1.8 0.8 2.2

Service ................................................................... 1.9 0.4 1.9 0.7 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 0.6 3.3 1.0 0.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.6 0.8 2.9 0.9 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.6 0.5 2.9 0.9 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 – 3.8 1.9 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.7 – 3.7 3.2 –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 3.4 – 3.3 – 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.3 0.6 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.7 0.5 1.7 0.6 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 0.6 1.9 0.7 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 0.5 2.5 1.2 0.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.5 1.6 0.8 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 0.4 1.6 0.8 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.5 1.7 0.7 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.3 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 0.4 1.4 0.7 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 0.4 1.6 0.8 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 0.9 2.6 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.2 – 3.7 1.2 –

Hospitals .................................................... 6.0 – 4.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.4 0.4 2.6 0.6 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.6 0.9 3.1 0.8 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.8 1.9 4.1 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.2 – 4.3 – 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.2 0.5 2.2 1.4 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.4 1.5 0.6 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 431
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State

and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

State government .................................................. 1.9 0.6 1.9 0.9 0.9

Local government .................................................. 1.3 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 – 1.8 1.0 –

New England ..................................................... 2.9 – 2.3 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 – 2.0 1.3 –

South ..................................................................... 2.0 0.4 1.8 0.7 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 0.6 2.9 0.7 2.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.8 – 3.7 2.2 –

West South Central ........................................... 3.1 – 2.7 1.0 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.8 0.5 2.8 1.1 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 – 3.2 1.3 –

West North Central ............................................ 6.2 1.2 5.3 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.9 0.5 1.8 1.0 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 – 3.4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 0.6 2.0 0.9 0.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 432
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, State and local

government workers, March 2019

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. – 50 20 24 6 1.5 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 48 23 23 6 1.5 1.3

Professional and related .................................... – 49 24 22 6 1.5 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ – 46 25 21 8 1.5 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 47 28 20 6 1.5 1.3

Service ................................................................... – 53 18 20 9 1.5 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 52 – 24 – 1.6 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 52 19 26 3 1.4 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 53 18 26 3 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 54 12 32 – 1.4 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 51 – 27 – 1.4 1.0

Full time ................................................................. – 50 20 23 6 1.5 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 50 20 28 – 1.5 –

Union ..................................................................... – 50 28 14 8 1.4 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 50 14 31 4 1.5 –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 53 19 24 4 1.4 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 55 23 21 – 1.4 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 51 21 24 5 1.4 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 53 18 24 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 45 23 23 10 1.6 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 46 22 22 10 1.6 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 50 20 23 6 1.5 1.0

Education and health services ........................... – 47 23 23 7 1.5 1.4

Educational services ...................................... – 43 24 25 8 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 44 27 24 6 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 44 18 27 11 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. – 58 20 – 4 1.4 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 61 17 – – 1.4 1.0

Public administration ......................................... – 56 17 22 5 1.4 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 57 18 19 6 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 68 – – 4 1.3 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 52 23 – – 1.4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 49 21 25 6 1.5 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 44 26 25 5 1.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... – 51 18 24 6 1.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 433
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

State government .................................................. – 53 21 18 7 1.4 1.0

Local government .................................................. – 49 20 26 5 1.5 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 35 45 8 12 1.6 1.5

New England ..................................................... – 51 – – – 1.5 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 33 48 6 13 1.6 1.5

South ..................................................................... – 52 13 32 3 1.5 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 51 14 31 4 1.5 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 53 – 41 – 1.5 –

West South Central ........................................... – 55 – 28 – 1.4 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 49 23 21 7 1.4 1.1

East North Central ............................................. – 52 12 27 10 1.5 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 45 43 – – 1.3 –

West ...................................................................... – 64 – 21 – 1.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 56 – 31 – 1.4 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 72 – – – 1.4 1.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 434
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. – 1.8 1.9 1.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.0 2 ( ) 0.2

Professional and related .................................... – 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.1 2 ( ) 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ – 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.1 2 ( ) 0.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.2 3.1 2.9 1.8 0.1 0.2

Service ................................................................... – 4.2 3.0 3.3 2.4 0.1 0.2

Protective service .............................................. – 7.0 – 5.9 – 0.1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 3.5 3.0 3.5 0.8 2 ( ) 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... – 3.5 2.9 3.6 0.8 2 ( ) 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 4.8 3.6 4.3 – 2 ( ) 0.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 6.3 – 6.5 – 0.1 0.3

Full time ................................................................. – 1.9 1.9 1.8 0.8 2 ( ) 0.2

Part time ................................................................ – 7.0 5.2 6.4 – 0.1 –

Union ..................................................................... – 2.7 2.6 2.1 1.5 2 ( ) 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... – 2.4 2.1 2.5 0.8 2 () –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.3 3.1 2.8 1.0 2 ( ) 0.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 4.6 5.0 4.4 – 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 2.8 2.8 2.3 0.9 2 () –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 3.1 2.2 2.4 2.1 0.1 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 4.2 3.8 3.4 2.4 0.1 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 1.9 1.9 1.8 0.8 2 ( ) 0.3

Education and health services ........................... – 2.2 2.4 2.4 1.0 2 ( ) 0.3

Educational services ...................................... – 2.2 2.7 2.4 1.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 3.1 3.4 3.1 1.6 2 ( ) 0.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.5 4.5 4.1 1.4 2 ( ) 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. – 5.9 5.1 – 2.0 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 5.6 4.7 – – 0.1 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 4.1 3.9 3.7 1.8 2 ( ) 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 5.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 0.1 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 9.5 – – 2.1 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 6.2 6.1 – – 0.1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 1.8 1.8 1.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 4.0 3.3 3.6 1.7 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.0 2 ( ) 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 435
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

State government .................................................. – 2.7 3.3 2.4 1.4 2 ( ) 0.0

Local government .................................................. – 2.1 2.0 2.0 0.9 2 ( ) 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 3.6 3.5 2.3 3.0 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 7.9 – – – 0.1 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.7 3.4 2.1 3.6 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 2.9 2.6 3.2 0.9 2 ( ) 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.9 2.7 3.7 1.1 2 ( ) 0.3

East South Central ............................................ – 10.5 – 11.5 – 0.1 –

West South Central ........................................... – 7.2 – 6.8 – 0.1 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 3.2 4.4 3.4 1.4 2 ( ) 0.3

East North Central ............................................. – 2.5 1.3 4.5 2.2 2 ( ) 0.3

West North Central ............................................ – 7.7 10.7 – – 2 () –

West ...................................................................... – 4.7 – 3.7 – 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 6.7 – 4.9 – 0.1 0.2

Pacific ................................................................ – 7.2 – – – 0.1 0.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 436
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 58 $50,000 $50,000 $150,000 $300,000 $500,000 42

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 56 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 44

Professional and related .................................... 55 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 45

Teachers ........................................................ 49 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 400,000 51

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 46 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 – 54

Service ................................................................... 55 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 45

Protective service .............................................. 56 – – 150,000 250,000 500,000 44

Sales and office ..................................................... 63 40,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 63 40,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 37

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 70 50,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 500,000 30

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 66 50,000 50,000 – 350,000 500,000 34

Full time ................................................................. 59 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 41

Part time ................................................................ 34 50,000 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 66

Union ..................................................................... 57 40,000 50,000 150,000 250,000 500,000 43

Nonunion ............................................................... 59 50,000 50,000 150,000 325,000 500,000 41

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 61 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 39

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 57 50,000 50,000 100,000 – 500,000 43

Second 25 percent ............................................ 62 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 38

Third 25 percent ................................................ 58 50,000 50,000 150,000 250,000 500,000 42

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 53 50,000 50,000 175,000 300,000 500,000 47

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 53 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 450,000 47

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 58 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 42

Education and health services ........................... 55 50,000 50,000 120,000 300,000 500,000 45

Educational services ...................................... 52 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 48

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 47 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 – 53

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 62 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 38

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 500,000 36

Hospitals .................................................... 68 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 500,000 32

Public administration ......................................... 60 40,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 40

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 46 40,000 – – 250,000 500,000 54

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 61 40,000 – 150,000 – – 39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 40 – – – 250,000 500,000 60

100 workers or more .............................................. 61 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 39

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 55 40,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 45

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 50,000 50,000 200,000 300,000 500,000 37

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 437
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 60 $40,000 $50,000 – $200,000 $400,000 40

Local government .................................................. 58 50,000 50,000 $200,000 300,000 500,000 42

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 34 40,000 40,000 40,000 – – 66

New England ..................................................... 34 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 66

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 34 40,000 40,000 40,000 – – 66

South ..................................................................... 61 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 39

South Atlantic .................................................... 56 50,000 100,000 200,000 350,000 500,000 44

West South Central ........................................... 62 50,000 50,000 – – – 38

Midwest ................................................................. 54 50,000 50,000 200,000 250,000 500,000 46

East North Central ............................................. 58 50,000 50,000 – 200,000 – 42

West North Central ............................................ 45 – – 200,000 – 500,000 55

West ...................................................................... 82 50,000 50,000 175,000 300,000 500,000 18

Mountain ............................................................ 80 50,000 110,000 175,000 300,000 500,000 20

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 438
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, State and local government

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.9 $0.00 $0.00 $9,140.55 $52,414.22 $0.00 1.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.4 0.00 0.00 44,792.02 62,551.98 0.00 2.4

Professional and related .................................... 2.6 0.00 0.00 40,773.80 63,869.01 0.00 2.6

Teachers ........................................................ 3.5 0.00 0.00 – 25,806.98 44,698.99 3.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.6 0.00 0.00 – 42,796.03 – 4.6

Service ................................................................... 3.3 12,104.54 4,562.07 0.00 57,706.15 0.00 3.3

Protective service .............................................. 4.6 – – 0.00 56,980.26 68,278.84 4.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.7 8,939.80 0.00 – 67,666.46 0.00 3.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.7 7,954.24 0.00 – 68,885.78 0.00 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.9 0.00 19,355.23 59,831.01 41,812.08 115,412.30 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.5 11,826.24 0.00 – 102,418.26 149,089.74 5.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 0.00 0.00 10,215.78 51,613.95 0.00 1.9

Part time ................................................................ 6.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 18,248.29 6.0

Union ..................................................................... 3.2 0.00 0.00 38,470.14 15,803.48 95,258.86 3.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.2 0.00 7,412.49 22,810.36 59,510.13 0.00 2.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.5 13,159.03 0.00 – 24,140.22 0.00 2.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.1 0.00 13,686.22 26,569.91 – 0.00 4.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 14,135.06 0.00 10,554.08 48,280.43 0.00 2.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.8 0.00 0.00 7,412.49 22,349.50 0.00 2.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3.0 0.00 6,451.74 39,286.83 48,280.43 81,608.82 3.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.2 4,469.90 0.00 – 0.00 94,380.88 4.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.9 0.00 0.00 4,594.80 38,710.46 0.00 1.9

Education and health services ........................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 33,919.24 67,666.46 0.00 2.5

Educational services ...................................... 2.6 0.00 0.00 29,523.34 15,803.48 63,213.92 2.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.9 0.00 0.00 – 43,757.86 – 3.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.0 0.00 0.00 18,474.98 22,349.50 0.00 5.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.1 12,642.78 9,124.14 – 58,423.03 0.00 6.1

Hospitals .................................................... 8.2 0.00 – 47,410.44 0.00 0.00 8.2

Public administration ......................................... 4.4 8,939.80 14,193.84 30,310.84 64,355.94 0.00 4.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.5 6,579.51 – – 64,517.44 0.00 5.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8.0 10,601.30 – 32,897.57 – – 8.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.0 – – – 47,410.44 148,810.28 7.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 0.00 0.00 17,078.49 42,796.03 0.00 1.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.0 4,828.04 0.00 24,260.62 0.00 50,182.79 4.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 36,780.60 44,512.36 0.00 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 439
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 3.6 $0.00 $0.00 – $18,248.29 $83,624.16 3.6

Local government .................................................. 2.5 0.00 6,888.58 $39,907.88 14,426.54 0.00 2.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.6 0.00 0.00 3,649.66 – – 3.6

New England ..................................................... 6.0 12,241.32 9,124.14 – – 0.00 6.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 – – 4.2

South ..................................................................... 2.6 0.00 14,541.49 – 39,771.22 31,606.96 2.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.6 0.00 27,372.43 15,803.48 55,500.00 0.00 2.6

West South Central ........................................... 7.6 0.00 0.00 – – – 7.6

Midwest ................................................................. 4.2 0.00 0.00 32,669.02 11,174.75 40,804.41 4.2

East North Central ............................................. 4.9 0.00 0.00 – 50,801.08 – 4.9

West North Central ............................................ 7.9 – – 0.00 – 0.00 7.9

West ...................................................................... 3.8 0.00 0.00 42,552.17 27,372.43 37,619.81 3.8

Mountain ............................................................ 5.5 12,070.11 28,910.72 41,058.65 68,473.64 140,167.76 5.5

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 440
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 State and local

government workers, March 2019

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $5,000 $10,000 $25,000 $50,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Teachers ........................................................ 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Service ................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ – – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 41,116 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5,000 – 25,000 40,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Hospitals .................................................... 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Public administration ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 – 28,000 50,000 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 441
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $5,000 $5,000 $20,000 $30,000 $50,000

Local government .................................................. 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5,000 6,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

New England ..................................................... 5,000 5,000 – 40,000 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5,000 6,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

South ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 15,000 25,000 25,000 –

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 5,000 – 12,000 – 40,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. – – 30,000 50,000 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... 5,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 15,000 25,000 48,000 50,000 57,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 442
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $0.00 $2,365.25 $2,414.02 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Teachers ........................................................ 0.00 – 547.45 0.00 0.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 1,601.28 0.00 0.00

Service ................................................................... 0.00 0.00 182.48 5,347.46 0.00

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 456.21 2,976.21 8,092.73 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 9,286.01 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 8,901.52 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 3,026.14 10,795.83 0.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 1,290.35 3,871.05 0.00

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 2,488.73 2,414.02 0.00

Part time ................................................................ – – 6,052.27 4,129.12 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 912.41 0.00 0.00 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 2,414.02 – 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,231.88 0.00

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 0.00 3,871.05 2,535.13 0.00

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 645.17 1,504.79 8,379.55 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 0.00 4,576.65 9,126.30 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 1,290.35 5,465.35 0.00 0.00

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 258.07 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.00 0.00 2,948.10 2,104.50 0.00

Education and health services ........................... 258.07 364.97 0.00 0.00 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 1,048.28 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 258.07 3,857.31 0.00 0.00 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – 0.00 6,455.36 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.00 – 3,977.12 8,507.60 0.00

Hospitals .................................................... 0.00 – 7,184.36 8,224.70 9,894.54

Public administration ......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,364.89 0.00

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 3,897.84 4,181.21 0.00 0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.00 2,580.70 3,413.94 0.00 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 – 4,852.12 0.00 2,580.70

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.00 0.00 3,757.55 2,497.84 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1,896.42 1,692.28 1,580.35 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.00 547.45 1,303.19 2,244.21 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 443
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $0.00 $0.00 $1,824.83 $3,871.05 $0.00

Local government .................................................. 1,143.25 – 774.21 0.00 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 4,375.79 0.00 0.00

New England ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 7,888.01 0.00

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.00 0.00 1,580.35 0.00 0.00

South ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 4,652.42 0.00 14,135.06

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.00 4,469.90 3,160.70 0.00 –

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 – 3,582.90 – 0.00

Midwest ................................................................. 1,878.78 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

East North Central ............................................. – – 0.00 0.00 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 1,020.11 3,533.77 6,579.51 0.00 0.00

West ...................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 0.00 10,533.55 0.00 5,991.44

Pacific ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 3,413.94 0.00 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the employee’s

earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile

or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the

amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining

percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for

March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 444
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 13 87

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Teachers ........................................................ 13 87

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 13 87

Service ................................................................... 19 81

Protective service .............................................. 18 82

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 84

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 84

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6 94

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12 88

Full time ................................................................. 12 88

Part time ................................................................ 26 74

Union ..................................................................... 18 82

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 91

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 12 88

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 12 88

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 88

Third 25 percent ................................................ 13 87

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 16 84

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 13 87

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 13 87

Education and health services ........................... 13 87

Educational services ...................................... 13 87

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 14 86

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 88

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 94

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 85

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 80

500 workers or more .......................................... 13 87

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 445
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 12 88

Local government .................................................. 14 86

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 36 64

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 39 61

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 7 93

East North Central ............................................. 7 93

West ...................................................................... 7 93

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in

this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 446
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 1.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 2.3 2.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.6 2.6

Service ................................................................... 3.5 3.5

Protective service .............................................. 4.4 4.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.2 3.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.9 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.1 3.1

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.3

Part time ................................................................ 3.1 3.1

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 2.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 2.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.3 2.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.6 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.3 3.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 447
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.1

Local government .................................................. 1.5 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.8 2.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.8 2.8

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.7

West ...................................................................... 2.8 2.8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 448
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local

government workers, March 2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. – – 88 9 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 85 11 3

Professional and related .................................... – – 86 10 4

Teachers ........................................................ – – 82 11 6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 83 10 7

Service ................................................................... – – 95 4 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 96 3 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 91 8 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 92 7 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 89 8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 77 – –

Full time ................................................................. – – 88 9 2

Part time ................................................................ – – 86 9 –

Union ..................................................................... – – 87 8 3

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 89 9 –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 92 7 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 94 4 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 89 9 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 89 8 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 85 10 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 81 15 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 88 9 2

Education and health services ........................... – – 86 10 4

Educational services ...................................... – – 85 11 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 87 7 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 78 20 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 89 8 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 90 7 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 94 6 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 86 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 85 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 87 9 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 89 9 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 90 7 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 88 9 2

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 449
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

State government .................................................. – – 86 11 –

Local government .................................................. – – 89 8 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 94 – –

New England ..................................................... – – 62 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 97 – –

South ..................................................................... – – 86 12 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 82 16 –

East South Central ............................................ – – 97 – –

West South Central ........................................... – – 96 – –

Midwest ................................................................. – – 79 19 –

East North Central ............................................. – – 78 20 –

West ...................................................................... – – 92 2 6

Mountain ............................................................ – – 94 6 –

Pacific ................................................................ – – 91 – 8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 450
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. – – 1.2 1.0 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 1.8 1.7 0.9

Professional and related .................................... – – 2.0 1.8 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ – – 2.9 2.2 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 3.4 2.6 1.6

Service ................................................................... – – 1.5 1.3 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.9 1.6 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.7 1.5 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1.5 1.3 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 3.6 2.7 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 5.4 – –

Full time ................................................................. – – 1.1 1.0 0.5

Part time ................................................................ – – 3.9 2.8 –

Union ..................................................................... – – 1.6 1.4 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 1.2 1.0 –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 1.7 1.3 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 2.5 1.5 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 2.2 2.0 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 2.0 1.7 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.9 1.7 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 2.3 2.7 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 1.2 1.0 0.6

Education and health services ........................... – – 1.7 1.6 1.0

Educational services ...................................... – – 2.0 2.0 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 2.3 1.9 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 3.2 4.1 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 2.6 1.4 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 2.0 2.4 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 1.6 1.6 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 4.1 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 5.7 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 4.3 2.5 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 1.7 1.5 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 2.5 2.3 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 2.1 1.9 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 451
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

State government .................................................. – – 2.0 1.7 –

Local government .................................................. – – 1.7 1.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 1.4 – –

New England ..................................................... – – 8.2 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 1.4 – –

South ..................................................................... – – 2.7 2.5 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 3.7 3.3 –

East South Central ............................................ – – 2.0 – –

West South Central ........................................... – – 2.5 – –

Midwest ................................................................. – – 3.0 2.3 –

East North Central ............................................. – – 3.2 2.5 –

West ...................................................................... – – 1.6 0.6 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.5 1.5 –

Pacific ................................................................ – – 2.3 – 2.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 452
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, State and local government workers, March

2019

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 87 13

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 88 12

Professional and related .................................... 88 12

Teachers ........................................................ 91 9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 88 12

Service ................................................................... 89 11

Protective service .............................................. 93 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 84 16

Office and administrative support ...................... 83 17

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 12

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 68 32

Full time ................................................................. 87 13

Part time ................................................................ 80 20

Union ..................................................................... 85 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 89 11

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 84 16

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 13

Third 25 percent ................................................ 87 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 12

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 87 13

Education and health services ........................... 86 14

Educational services ...................................... 88 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 83 17

Public administration ......................................... 88 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 86 14

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 86 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 88 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 13

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 453
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

State government .................................................. 95 5

Local government .................................................. 84 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 93 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 7

Midwest ................................................................. 57 43

East North Central ............................................. 53 47

West ...................................................................... 91 9

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash

indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 454
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, State and local government

workers, March 2019

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 1.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 2.3

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 1.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.3 2.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.4 2.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.3 6.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 4.2 4.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 2.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.2 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 2.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.0 2.0

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 1.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.4 3.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 3.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.7 2.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 455
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

State government .................................................. 1.6 1.6

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.8 2.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 2.6

West ...................................................................... 2.7 2.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 456
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government workers, March

2019

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. – 35 – 25 23 10 60.2 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 36 – 21 25 10 60.5 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 36 – 22 26 11 60.9 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 37 – 13 32 13 62.5 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 35 – 15 36 12 62.7 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 32 – 33 22 10 59.9 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 31 – 32 23 11 60.3 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 36 9 23 25 – 59.1 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 36 9 22 25 – 59.1 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 31 – 33 19 – 62.2 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 41 – 35 – – 59.0 60.0

Full time ................................................................. – 33 – 26 24 10 60.5 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 57 8 13 – 7 56.4 50.0

Union ..................................................................... – 28 10 19 35 8 61.4 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 42 – 30 13 12 59.2 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 46 – 32 13 9 58.0 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 42 – 35 – – 58.4 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 32 – 27 24 9 60.2 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 39 – 23 23 11 60.5 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 27 12 20 31 – 61.6 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 22 15 17 35 – 62.5 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 35 – 25 24 10 60.1 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 36 – 20 23 11 60.7 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 39 – 13 26 13 61.2 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 42 4 14 30 10 60.9 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 33 21 – 16 18 61.7 55.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – 47 – 6 58.7 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – – – 43 – 7 58.1 60.0

Public administration ......................................... – 38 – 27 25 9 59.1 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 50 – 27 14 – 57.2 58.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 52 – 27 – – 56.6 50.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 47 – 27 15 – 57.9 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – 32 – 25 26 10 60.8 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 39 – 29 26 3 58.5 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 29 – 23 25 13 61.7 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 457
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

State government .................................................. – 32 14 28 15 – 59.9 60.0

Local government .................................................. – 36 3 24 27 10 60.3 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 26 – 9 54 6 61.8 67.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 27 – 7 56 – 61.3 67.0

South ..................................................................... – 47 – 29 10 15 60.4 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 61 – – 8 13 58.1 50.0

West South Central ........................................... – – – 54 – – 63.7 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 48 – 20 15 18 59.8 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 51 – 18 13 17 59.5 50.0

West ...................................................................... – 22 19 40 15 4 58.6 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 7 – 66 24 – 61.1 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 29 27 28 12 4 57.3 58.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 458
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. – 1.6 – 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 1.9 – 2.0 1.8 1.6 0.7 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 2.4 – 2.1 2.0 1.8 0.8 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 2.8 – 1.5 3.1 2.6 1.1 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.7 – 2.0 3.9 3.0 1.2 4.2

Service ................................................................... – 2.9 – 3.6 2.8 2.4 0.6 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 3.8 – 4.8 4.4 3.1 0.7 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.3 – 0.7 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.2 – 0.7 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 5.2 – 6.3 4.6 – 1.7 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 9.0 – 7.0 – – 1.6 3.0

Full time ................................................................. – 1.7 – 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 6.0 2.0 3.1 – 1.8 1.2 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.3 1.7 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 2.7 – 2.4 1.8 2.0 0.8 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.5 – 3.0 2.6 2.3 0.7 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 7.1 – 7.1 – – 1.3 3.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 3.2 – 3.3 2.5 1.5 0.8 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 3.5 – 2.8 2.7 2.1 0.9 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 2.1 2.5 2.6 3.0 – 0.6 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 3.2 2.8 3.4 3.7 – 0.9 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 1.6 – 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 2.4 – 2.2 1.9 1.9 0.9 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 2.1 – 1.4 1.7 2.3 1.0 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.8 0.9 1.8 2.0 2.4 0.9 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.6 2.2 – 2.8 4.4 2.2 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – 9.3 – 0.8 1.0 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – – – 10.8 – 0.9 1.1 2.6

Public administration ......................................... – 2.6 – 2.4 2.3 2.2 0.5 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 4.0 – 4.0 3.2 – 0.8 11.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 5.7 – 6.1 – – 1.1 8.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 5.8 – 4.9 4.1 – 1.2 7.5

100 workers or more .............................................. – 2.1 – 2.3 1.8 1.5 0.6 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 4.6 – 4.0 5.9 1.5 0.8 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 3.0 – 2.5 1.8 2.0 0.9 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 459
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

State government .................................................. – 2.2 1.6 2.7 2.5 – 1.1 0.6

Local government .................................................. – 1.9 0.8 2.3 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.1 – 1.8 3.4 2.5 0.7 0.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 2.5 – 1.6 3.8 – 0.7 0.2

South ..................................................................... – 4.3 – 4.1 2.3 3.1 1.4 5.2

South Atlantic .................................................... – 5.8 – – 1.8 2.3 0.9 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – – – 5.9 – – 5.4 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 3.2 – 2.7 3.1 3.3 1.1 5.2

East North Central ............................................. – 2.7 – 2.8 3.2 3.4 1.1 8.8

West ...................................................................... – 2.7 2.9 3.8 2.6 1.4 0.4 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 2.9 – 6.2 5.9 – 0.3 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.4 4.0 4.4 2.6 1.4 0.5 4.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 460
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2019

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 74 $170 $200 $615 $808 $1,500 26

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 78 170 200 650 731 1,160 22

Professional and related .................................... 79 170 200 650 731 1,160 21

Teachers ........................................................ 84 185 225 692 692 1,000 16

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 84 200 225 692 692 1,000 16

Service ................................................................... 74 170 200 604 1,000 2,000 26

Protective service .............................................. 76 135 200 570 1,000 2,300 24

Sales and office ..................................................... 70 170 200 604 692 1,270 30

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 170 200 600 692 1,385 30

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 170 – 692 – 1,500 36

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 57 170 170 – 692 1,000 43

Full time ................................................................. 75 170 200 650 923 1,500 25

Part time ................................................................ 70 170 170 185 615 731 30

Union ..................................................................... 76 135 185 225 650 1,000 24

Nonunion ............................................................... 72 185 500 692 1,000 1,750 28

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 170 – 692 850 1,500 30

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 73 170 – 519 – 1,270 27

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 170 200 594 923 1,500 28

Third 25 percent ................................................ 76 170 – 692 923 1,500 24

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 78 170 185 – 692 – 22

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 81 135 185 200 650 831 19

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 74 170 200 615 800 1,500 26

Education and health services ........................... 77 185 200 650 808 – 23

Educational services ...................................... 77 170 200 650 692 1,000 23

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 75 170 200 615 692 1,000 25

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 81 185 185 650 692 923 19

Health care and social assistance ................. 76 185 – 923 – – 24

Hospitals .................................................... 75 185 – 1,000 – 2,500 25

Public administration ......................................... 70 135 200 576 731 1,500 30

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 72 135 170 650 692 1,500 28

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 66 135 135 – 692 – 34

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 135 – 692 – 1,270 22

100 workers or more .............................................. 75 170 200 615 831 1,500 25

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 170 – 692 1,000 1,000 27

500 workers or more .......................................... 76 170 200 570 808 1,662 24

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 461
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 81 $135 $185 $650 $692 – 19

Local government .................................................. 72 170 200 604 1,000 $1,500 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 93 170 170 200 615 650 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 96 170 170 200 615 650 4

South ..................................................................... 77 500 576 692 692 1,000 23

South Atlantic .................................................... 81 500 692 692 692 – 19

Midwest ................................................................. 31 – – 1,000 1,270 1,500 69

East North Central ............................................. 27 – – 923 1,500 1,500 73

West ...................................................................... 79 135 185 594 1,385 2,310 21

Mountain ............................................................ 77 800 1,160 1,500 2,310 2,310 23

Pacific ................................................................ 81 135 135 185 716 1,000 19

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 462
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.6 $0.00 $0.00 $31.21 $78.94 $41.97 1.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.1 0.00 0.00 50.97 89.19 318.85 2.1

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 4.74 0.00 51.32 102.75 293.39 2.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.7 13.96 6.45 62.04 0.00 0.00 2.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.9 0.00 7.90 54.42 51.85 38.71 2.9

Service ................................................................... 2.3 18.06 23.71 55.32 55.80 506.45 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 0.00 33.97 54.68 219.29 13.90 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.3 12.54 2.74 37.75 25.41 339.08 3.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.1 6.70 5.47 49.48 16.06 328.39 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.0 0.00 – 60.74 – 0.00 6.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7.3 0.00 0.00 – 35.18 181.11 7.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.6 0.00 0.00 28.94 145.68 0.00 1.6

Part time ................................................................ 4.3 48.22 0.00 22.94 173.89 36.98 4.3

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 34.56 0.00 26.21 47.62 112.00 2.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.8 7.24 29.01 0.00 28.10 356.26 2.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 0.00 – 50.01 179.49 184.72 2.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.4 0.00 – 140.28 – 147.87 5.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 6.70 0.00 23.98 167.79 20.99 2.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.3 0.00 – 0.00 181.04 251.28 2.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 44.71 5.47 – 88.06 – 2.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.1 37.79 0.00 4.56 27.14 59.77 3.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.6 0.00 0.00 26.02 84.36 114.99 1.6

Education and health services ........................... 2.2 10.95 0.00 47.11 141.40 – 2.2

Educational services ...................................... 2.2 17.31 0.00 40.78 0.00 61.21 2.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.8 11.93 0.00 95.49 0.00 136.86 2.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.4 39.60 0.00 14.28 0.00 0.00 4.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.5 0.00 – 245.80 – – 6.5

Hospitals .................................................... 7.6 18.25 – 60.09 – 651.59 7.6

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 10.23 131.70 41.97 2.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6.3 0.00 48.60 99.81 122.83 320.10 6.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8.9 9.30 12.77 – 184.53 – 8.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.0 11.06 – 82.48 – 129.80 5.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.1 0.00 0.00 26.99 120.52 66.64 2.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.5 2.74 – 47.77 185.62 0.00 3.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.9 15.72 0.00 46.61 127.04 302.81 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 463
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 2.5 $0.00 $0.00 $26.86 $0.00 – 2.5

Local government .................................................. 2.1 0.00 0.00 23.73 47.52 $0.00 2.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 0.00 12.54 0.00 17.64 46.65 2.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.68 0.00 1.6

South ..................................................................... 3.7 27.21 76.94 0.00 38.21 166.00 3.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.9 18.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 3.9

Midwest ................................................................. 4.8 – – 101.32 293.80 365.15 4.8

East North Central ............................................. 4.6 – – 79.49 433.56 421.90 4.6

West ...................................................................... 2.5 0.00 27.37 86.60 253.62 386.96 2.5

Mountain ............................................................ 5.2 185.20 276.47 0.00 0.00 84.93 5.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 163.68 116.62 2.7

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 464
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 17 83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 19 81

Professional and related .................................... 20 80

Teachers ........................................................ 24 76

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 28 72

Service ................................................................... 12 88

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 14 86

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 88

Full time ................................................................. 17 83

Part time ................................................................ 18 82

Union ..................................................................... 16 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 18 82

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 17 83

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 21 79

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 87

Third 25 percent ................................................ 19 81

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 18 82

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 17 83

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 83

Education and health services ........................... 19 81

Educational services ...................................... 20 80

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 24 76

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 87

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 22 78

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 18 82

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 25 75

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 85

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 81

500 workers or more .......................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 465
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 18 82

Local government .................................................. 16 84

Geographic areas

South ..................................................................... 14 86

South Atlantic .................................................... 19 81

Midwest ................................................................. 24 76

East North Central ............................................. 32 68

West North Central ............................................ 4 96

West ...................................................................... 14 86

Mountain ............................................................ 27 73

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 466
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.7 2.7

Service ................................................................... 3.0 3.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 3.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 3.9 3.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.0 3.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 1.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.8 2.8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.9 1.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9

Public administration ......................................... 2.0 2.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.3 3.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.7 3.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.7 4.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.2 3.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 467
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.1

Local government .................................................. 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.9

West ...................................................................... 2.2 2.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.6 3.6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 468
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and

local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 97 2 1 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 96 2 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 96 1 1 1

Teachers ........................................................ 95 1 2 1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 1 3 2

Service ................................................................... 97 – – –

Protective service .............................................. 97 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 98 2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 98 2 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 98 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 96 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 97 2 1 1

Part time ................................................................ 96 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 96 1 2 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 98 2 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 98 1 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 2 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 98 2 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 2 3 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 – 4 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 97 2 1 1

Education and health services ........................... 96 2 1 1

Educational services ...................................... 96 2 2 1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 95 1 2 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 97 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 99 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 98 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 98 2 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 96 1 3 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 96 2 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 95 – 4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 97 2 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 96 3 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 98 1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 469
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and

local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

State government .................................................. 97 3 – –

Local government .................................................. 97 1 1 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 92 – 8 –

New England ..................................................... 100 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 89 – – –

South ..................................................................... 100 – – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 99 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 99 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 95 5 – –

East North Central ............................................. 95 5 – –

West North Central ............................................ 96 3 – –

West ...................................................................... 97 – – 2

Mountain ............................................................ 100 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 95 – – 4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 470
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 0.6 1.0 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.5 – – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.5 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.6 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.3 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.5 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 () – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.5 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.3 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 – 1.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.7 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.0 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 1.4 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.6 0.6 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.3 1.1 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 0.4 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 – 1.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.3 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 0.7 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4 – –

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 471
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

State government .................................................. 0.5 0.5 – –

Local government .................................................. 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 – 2.4 –

New England ..................................................... 0.0 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.4 – – –

South ..................................................................... 0.2 – – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.2 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 0.5 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 – –

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.1 – –

West North Central ............................................ 0.6 0.4 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.3 – – 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 0.1 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 – – 1.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 2 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 472
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government

workers, March 2019

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 18 43 20 17 2 60.2 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 18 40 23 17 2 60.3 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 17 39 24 17 2 60.4 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ 17 33 28 18 4 60.7 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 18 26 29 22 5 60.8 63.0

Service ................................................................... 22 48 13 14 3 59.8 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 25 46 – 16 – 59.4 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 17 48 18 – – 60.2 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 48 18 17 – 60.3 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 50 – 17 – 60.2 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 51 – 23 – 61.2 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 18 44 20 17 2 60.2 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 24 35 23 – – 60.7 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 23 43 11 19 4 59.6 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 14 43 28 15 1 60.7 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 46 23 14 1 60.5 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 44 24 16 – 60.5 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 20 47 17 15 1 59.7 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 17 39 24 18 2 60.4 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 19 42 17 19 3 60.2 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 17 46 19 – – 60.1 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 18 43 20 17 2 60.2 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 17 41 25 14 3 60.3 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 16 37 27 16 3 60.8 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 17 30 28 21 4 61.2 62.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14 53 26 – – 60.3 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 58 15 6 – 58.0 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 62 11 – – 57.8 60.0

Public administration ......................................... 21 45 – 20 – 59.9 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 14 25 34 24 3 62.2 65.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 12 33 28 27 – 61.8 65.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 17 17 39 22 6 62.5 65.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 19 48 16 15 2 59.7 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 16 40 19 21 4 60.8 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 20 52 15 12 1 59.2 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 473
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

State government .................................................. – 42 30 14 – 60.8 60.0

Local government .................................................. 19 44 17 18 3 60.0 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 56 15 12 – 60.0 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 51 – – – 58.9 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 58 14 13 – 60.4 60.0

South ..................................................................... 8 48 37 – – 61.0 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 36 51 5 – 61.5 62.0

East South Central ............................................ – 69 15 – – 60.2 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 75 6 8 – 59.8 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 35 33 8 18 6 58.1 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 44 23 8 20 5 57.3 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 15 59 8 – – 60.2 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 45 14 31 – 61.8 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 6 41 – 44 – 63.0 66.0

Pacific ................................................................ 13 48 18 – – 60.9 60.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 474
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 2.2 1.8 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.1 0.6 2.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.7 1.6 0.8 1.6

Service ................................................................... 2.9 3.3 2.3 2.6 0.9 0.4 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 5.0 4.5 – 4.2 – 0.6 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 3.0 2.5 – – 0.4 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 3.0 2.5 3.0 – 0.4 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 5.7 – 5.2 – 0.6 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 8.3 – 6.8 – 0.8 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 5.0 5.2 4.5 – – 0.9 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.4 1.4 2.2 0.6 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.0 2.8 1.3 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 3.0 1.9 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 4.7 2.2 3.0 – 0.5 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 3.0 2.3 2.4 0.3 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.2 2.7 2.7 1.7 0.6 0.4 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.9 0.8 0.4 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 4.2 2.5 – – 0.5 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 2.1 1.2 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.8 0.6 0.3 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 2.4 1.9 2.6 1.2 0.5 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 2.1 1.6 – – 0.5 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 8.0 2.4 2.7 – 1.2 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 8.6 1.4 – – 1.4 0.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.8 3.8 – 3.6 – 0.5 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.7 2.7 3.5 4.0 0.8 0.6 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.3 4.6 4.4 5.2 – 0.7 2.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.6 4.0 5.1 4.5 1.6 0.7 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.8 2.1 1.2 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.3 2.8 2.5 3.5 1.5 0.9 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 2.7 1.8 1.9 0.3 0.4 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 475
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

State government .................................................. – 2.6 1.3 1.9 – 0.4 0.0

Local government .................................................. 1.7 2.2 1.3 1.9 0.6 0.4 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 5.6 4.2 2.9 – 0.8 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 14.5 – – – 2.5 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 5.6 4.2 2.8 – 0.5 0.0

South ..................................................................... 2.8 3.3 2.0 – – 0.5 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 4.4 2.4 1.7 – 0.6 0.8

East South Central ............................................ – 4.5 4.2 – – 0.9 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 4.5 2.0 2.5 – 0.6 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.9 1.5 2.6 1.1 0.5 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 1.7 2.0 3.0 1.2 0.7 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 3.6 5.0 1.7 – – 0.8 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 4.4 2.1 4.4 – 0.5 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 7.6 – 6.0 – 0.5 6.0

Pacific ................................................................ 3.1 5.3 2.9 – – 0.9 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 476
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2019

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 73 – $3,900 $5,000 $7,500 $10,000 27

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 73 – 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Professional and related .................................... 74 $1,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 26

Teachers ........................................................ 71 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 9,450 29

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 69 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,000 31

Service ................................................................... 71 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 29

Protective service .............................................. 71 3,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 29

Sales and office ..................................................... 73 3,000 3,900 5,000 8,000 10,000 27

Office and administrative support ...................... 73 3,000 3,900 5,000 8,000 10,000 27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 72 3,000 4,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 28

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 68 3,900 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 32

Full time ................................................................. 73 – 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Part time ................................................................ 61 2,500 – 6,000 7,500 10,000 39

Union ..................................................................... 70 3,000 5,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 30

Nonunion ............................................................... 75 800 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 25

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 69 – 3,900 5,000 6,500 10,000 31

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 69 800 – 5,000 6,500 10,000 31

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 2,500 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 28

Third 25 percent ................................................ 73 – 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 27

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 75 3,102 5,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 74 3,000 5,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 26

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 72 – 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 28

Education and health services ........................... 73 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Educational services ...................................... 71 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 29

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 69 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,333 31

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 77 – 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 23

Health care and social assistance ................. 82 – 5,000 6,000 10,000 – 18

Public administration ......................................... 66 3,102 4,000 5,000 6,250 10,000 34

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 71 800 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 29

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 2,500 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 32

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 73 800 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 73 2,500 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 3,249 4,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 28

500 workers or more .......................................... 73 – 3,900 5,000 8,000 10,000 27

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 477
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 74 – $3,900 $5,000 $7,500 $15,000 26

Local government .................................................. 72 $2,500 4,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 80 2,500 5,000 5,000 – 13,000 20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 2,500 4,500 5,000 6,500 – 22

South ..................................................................... 88 800 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 12

South Atlantic .................................................... 89 800 – 3,900 5,000 10,000 11

West South Central ........................................... 84 – 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 16

Midwest ................................................................. 51 – 5,000 5,000 7,500 11,667 49

East North Central ............................................. 47 – 5,000 5,000 7,500 11,667 53

West North Central ............................................ 58 5,000 5,000 5,000 7,500 – 42

West ...................................................................... 77 3,102 5,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 23

Mountain ............................................................ 65 4,000 5,000 6,000 8,333 – 35

Pacific ................................................................ 86 3,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 14

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 478
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.5 – $18.25 $0.00 $468.10 $0.00 1.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 – 0.00 0.00 305.56 228.10 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 $193.55 0.00 0.00 651.63 354.74 1.9

Teachers ........................................................ 2.4 – 0.00 0.00 218.58 956.22 2.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.7 – 358.52 0.00 0.00 282.30 3.7

Service ................................................................... 3.2 – 579.65 0.00 753.20 100.37 3.2

Protective service .............................................. 5.1 580.64 1,470.32 0.00 0.00 625.52 5.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.8 659.22 18.25 358.28 1,200.09 0.00 2.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.9 655.67 18.25 559.50 1,311.97 0.00 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.1 439.27 1,149.93 893.98 1,529.49 2,032.04 4.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.4 531.27 706.99 0.00 474.10 912.41 6.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 – 18.25 0.00 531.40 0.00 1.5

Part time ................................................................ 5.5 524.14 – 789.48 702.32 291.97 5.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 18.61 0.00 0.00 619.90 0.00 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.0 109.49 0.00 0.00 709.85 354.74 2.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 – 0.00 0.00 877.44 0.00 2.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.5 0.00 – 0.00 1,118.75 0.00 4.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 428.74 603.02 0.00 673.95 0.00 2.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.3 – 0.00 0.00 337.55 0.00 2.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 219.87 0.00 0.00 408.61 2,032.56 2.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.6 117.20 728.79 0.00 158.03 2,919.73 3.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 – 18.25 0.00 473.75 0.00 1.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 416.42 0.00 0.00 471.42 860.59 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 335.24 0.00 0.00 625.52 0.00 1.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.2 – 302.06 0.00 226.23 531.95 3.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.0 – 1,087.42 1,207.01 1,003.49 2,919.93 4.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.7 – 0.00 1,593.46 1,328.50 – 4.7

Public administration ......................................... 3.1 141.52 754.39 0.00 1,083.20 0.00 3.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.1 0.00 242.09 0.00 1,053.24 451.62 4.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.9 0.00 318.69 0.00 204.02 456.21 5.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.9 0.00 778.07 0.00 1,614.17 1,659.37 4.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.8 651.59 122.41 0.00 370.85 0.00 1.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.4 857.99 127.74 0.00 609.09 1,054.70 4.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 – 260.05 158.03 318.92 2,264.55 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 479
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 2.9 – $0.00 $0.00 $1,780.21 $3,785.27 2.9

Local government .................................................. 1.9 $288.53 174.08 0.00 708.32 0.00 1.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.9 91.24 0.00 320.85 – 2,631.81 4.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6.0 508.01 983.15 0.00 1,347.16 – 6.0

South ..................................................................... 1.7 0.00 290.99 1,035.43 91.24 0.00 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 0.00 – 0.00 965.61 1,124.90 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 4.8 – 0.00 774.21 353.38 0.00 4.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 – 0.00 0.00 520.85 1,824.95 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 – 0.00 0.00 474.10 1,690.32 1.6

West North Central ............................................ 4.7 1,315.90 0.00 706.75 1,403.74 – 4.7

West ...................................................................... 3.9 118.51 516.14 562.45 682.74 1,210.45 3.9

Mountain ............................................................ 7.5 0.00 0.00 446.99 1,137.69 – 7.5

Pacific ................................................................ 3.5 99.63 804.68 934.95 408.04 0.00 3.5

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 480
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 68 91 61 60 82 87 70 25 94

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 57 93 47 63 83 88 69 26 94

Professional and related .................................... 52 93 40 65 82 88 68 27 94

Teachers ........................................................ 31 93 14 70 81 87 64 27 94

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 27 99 12 82 85 91 63 29 95

Service ................................................................... 79 85 75 53 78 83 68 23 93

Protective service .............................................. 90 91 89 52 84 89 77 27 97

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 92 86 55 84 88 74 23 95

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 93 87 55 84 88 75 24 95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 96 96 60 87 89 68 28 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 73 90 62 58 82 86 71 21 93

Full time ................................................................. 74 99 67 65 87 92 75 27 97

Part time ................................................................ 33 45 23 24 50 55 39 12 78

Union ..................................................................... 69 97 58 70 90 93 71 28 95

Nonunion ............................................................... 67 86 63 51 75 82 68 23 93

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 65 79 59 46 70 77 60 21 89

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 53 67 45 41 62 69 50 18 89

Second 25 percent ............................................ 89 95 86 57 85 90 75 26 96

Third 25 percent ................................................ 69 97 61 70 87 91 75 25 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 53 96 42 65 87 91 70 29 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 49 94 37 53 86 88 71 28 94

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 67 91 60 59 82 87 70 25 94

Education and health services ........................... 55 92 44 63 82 87 68 26 93

Educational services ...................................... 49 92 37 65 81 87 67 27 93

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 38 93 25 73 81 87 62 27 92

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 81 90 69 41 83 87 79 24 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 92 92 92 52 84 91 75 23 94

Hospitals .................................................... 91 91 92 51 84 90 72 23 91

Public administration ......................................... 91 92 90 54 85 88 76 24 96

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 61 89 54 61 79 85 65 23 91

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 85 62 53 80 83 63 26 93

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 56 92 46 68 78 86 67 19 90

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 92 63 59 83 88 71 26 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 90 62 64 80 83 62 29 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 70 93 63 57 84 90 75 24 95

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 481
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

State government .................................................. 92 95 86 51 90 94 88 22 98

Local government .................................................. 60 90 52 62 80 85 64 26 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 64 90 57 72 93 92 74 23 94

New England ..................................................... 60 90 55 81 92 90 72 20 95

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 65 90 57 69 93 93 75 24 94

South ..................................................................... 69 92 62 57 81 90 77 27 94

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 91 66 61 80 87 74 21 94

East South Central ............................................ 71 90 61 46 72 85 77 23 92

West South Central ........................................... 56 94 56 58 85 95 80 36 97

Midwest ................................................................. 66 89 55 64 80 84 56 30 95

East North Central ............................................. 68 88 55 66 80 84 56 36 95

West North Central ............................................ 60 91 56 60 81 85 56 18 96

West ...................................................................... 72 93 67 48 78 81 67 20 92

Mountain ............................................................ 66 89 61 45 65 73 61 – 98

Pacific ................................................................ 74 96 70 50 83 85 70 23 89

1 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 482
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.3 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 0.5 2.1 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.1 1.7 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.2 3.5 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.7 0.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.9 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.9 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.4 1.1 4.5 2.9 2.3 3.6 2.3 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.7 2.4 4.4 4.4 3.2 3.2 3.3 2.9 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.6 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 0.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.4 1.5 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.7 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.5 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 1.5 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.8 2.2 3.1 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.6 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.6 1.4 1.1 4.8 2.4 2.6 4.5 2.7 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.2 7.6 2.1 3.0 6.0 3.7 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 1.3 1.5 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.4 2.0 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.7 2.1 2.6 3.5 2.5 2.3 3.2 3.7 2.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 1.3 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.3 3.1 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 483
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

State government .................................................. 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.8 0.5

Local government .................................................. 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 1.1 3.1 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.0 1.1 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.8 3.0 3.9 2.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.1 1.5 3.8 2.1 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.6 1.2 3.0 1.6 1.3 1.7 0.8 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 6.9 1.0 6.2 6.3 7.0 5.2 6.3 4.1 4.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.6 2.1 1.5 2.1 1.9 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.1 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.6 2.1 1.7 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 0.6 1.0 3.5 5.2 4.1 4.2 3.9 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.1 0.9 1.3 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 2.2 2.5 6.2 6.4 5.0 6.0 – 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 0.6 1.5 2.4 1.0 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 484
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 2 1 4 3 3 8 14 21 19 12 5 6 11 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 2 6 4 3 8 12 21 16 13 5 8 11 11

Professional and related .................................... 5 3 8 4 3 7 12 20 14 13 5 7 11 11

Teachers ........................................................ 9 4 16 7 4 6 10 15 8 7 5 9 10 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 13 7 23 8 3 4 8 – 4 4 – – 9 7

Service ................................................................... 2 1 4 2 4 7 17 20 21 12 6 5 11 11

Protective service .............................................. – – – 2 2 7 20 24 25 12 5 – 11 11

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1 1 4 8 14 22 24 11 6 6 12 11

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1 1 4 8 14 22 24 11 7 7 12 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 4 7 20 26 18 9 4 8 11 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 4 – 8 8 – 25 20 – – – 10 11

Full time ................................................................. 2 1 4 3 3 8 14 22 19 12 5 6 11 11

Part time ................................................................ – – 4 3 4 5 13 17 17 9 6 8 10 11

Union ..................................................................... 3 1 6 3 1 4 13 24 22 11 5 7 11 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 1 3 2 6 11 15 19 16 13 6 6 11 11

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 2 5 2 6 9 15 18 16 14 5 6 11 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 2 8 3 9 8 16 13 13 15 3 5 10 10

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 1 2 2 3 8 15 23 21 12 6 6 11 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 2 7 3 2 6 13 24 18 10 5 5 11 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 – 4 4 – 7 13 20 19 12 6 9 11 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 1 7 3 7 11 17 20 14 5 13 12 12

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 1 5 3 3 8 14 21 19 12 5 7 11 11

Education and health services ........................... 4 3 8 4 4 7 13 14 14 13 6 11 11 11

Educational services ...................................... 5 3 8 4 4 6 12 13 13 12 7 13 11 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 8 5 13 6 4 4 10 12 9 9 5 15 10 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – 2 4 9 14 13 18 18 11 10 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 9 – – 10 16 22 18 15 – – 10 11

Hospitals .................................................... – – 13 – – – – 19 21 – – – 10 11

Public administration ......................................... – – 2 ( ) – 1 8 15 29 25 12 5 3 11 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 3 3 3 5 14 29 14 12 4 8 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 4 2 2 4 17 30 17 14 2 6 11 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5 – 2 – 4 7 11 27 11 10 6 10 11 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 1 5 3 4 8 14 19 20 12 6 6 11 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 – 4 – 3 9 14 22 18 11 7 5 11 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 1 5 3 4 8 14 18 21 12 5 7 11 11

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 485
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

State government .................................................. – – – 1 3 10 12 27 22 16 5 3 11 11

Local government .................................................. 4 2 7 3 4 6 15 19 17 10 6 8 11 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – – – 2 1 6 27 35 9 5 12 12 12

New England ..................................................... – – – – – – – 39 24 – – – 11 11

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – – – – – 6 23 38 8 6 13 12 12

South ..................................................................... 3 1 7 1 5 10 11 19 18 14 6 5 11 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 2 – 10 – 4 11 13 20 22 8 3 5 11 11

East South Central ............................................ 8 6 3 – 8 – 14 – – 24 3 6 10 11

West South Central ........................................... – – – – 5 10 7 20 – 19 13 5 12 12

Midwest ................................................................. 4 2 6 7 4 10 19 16 13 10 5 4 10 10

East North Central ............................................. 4 – 7 9 – 9 16 14 13 14 7 5 10 11

West North Central ............................................ 4 – – 5 – 11 24 22 13 – 1 3 10 10

West ...................................................................... – – 3 2 2 6 20 26 13 13 6 7 11 11

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – 4 8 40 17 7 3 4 6 11 10

Pacific ................................................................ – – 2 2 – 6 12 29 16 18 6 7 12 11

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 486
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March

2019

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.2 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.7 2.6 1.7 1.2 1.9 1.6 3.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 2.2 0.3 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.6 3.7 2.0 1.1 1.9 2.4 – 1.6 1.3 – – 0.4 2.0

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.8 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – – – 0.9 0.5 1.5 2.4 1.9 3.3 1.9 1.6 – 0.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.4

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 1.2 1.7 3.3 4.1 3.3 2.0 1.3 1.8 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 1.7 – 2.6 2.7 – 4.1 3.1 – – – 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – – 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.2 3.0 3.7 2.7 1.7 2.3 2.9 0.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.0 0.9 1.8 1.1 2.8 1.9 1.9 2.3 3.2 2.3 0.9 1.1 0.2 1.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 – 1.1 0.5 – 1.1 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.9 0.2 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.6 1.2 3.2 2.5 1.6 1.1 2.8 0.3 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.3 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.3 2.3 1.4 1.0 1.1 2.4 0.4 1.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.4 2.5 2.4 2.8 1.4 1.8 0.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 2.8 – – 2.8 4.0 3.6 2.7 4.5 – – 0.2 0.1

Hospitals .................................................... – – 3.9 – – – – 4.4 3.7 – – – 0.4 0.8

Public administration ......................................... – – 0.2 – 0.5 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.7 2.3 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.7 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.8 1.1 1.7 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 – 0.9 – 1.8 2.9 3.0 4.1 2.2 2.6 2.1 2.1 0.3 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 – 1.4 – 0.8 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 487
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

State government .................................................. – – – 0.3 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2

Local government .................................................. 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – – – 0.8 0.5 1.0 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.2 2.7 0.3 0.0

New England ..................................................... – – – – – – – 7.4 5.7 – – – 0.1 0.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – – – – – 0.6 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.5 3.2 0.3 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 – 0.4 – 1.0 2.6 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 0.7 0.5 1.5 – 1.7 – 1.0 – – 3.3 0.7 2.8 0.2 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – – – – 2.4 1.4 2.8 4.3 – 3.8 2.8 1.1 0.2 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 0.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.7 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 – 2.4 2.4 – 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.4 1.6 0.9 0.2 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 0.5 – – 1.6 – 3.3 4.2 6.5 1.8 – 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.0

West ...................................................................... – – 1.0 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.7 2.3 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – 1.4 1.2 4.3 3.9 1.5 1.5 1.0 2.9 0.6 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – – 0.4 0.7 – 1.9 1.9 2.7 1.8 2.6 1.8 0.9 0.1 0.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 488
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, State and local

government workers, March 2019

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 88 1 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 90 1 10

Professional and related .................................... 90 1 10

Teachers ........................................................ 92 1 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 93 – –

Service ................................................................... 85 3 11

Protective service .............................................. 85 6 9

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 2 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 2 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 82 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 86 – –

Full time ................................................................. 88 1 10

Part time ................................................................ 88 – –

Union ..................................................................... 91 2 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 85 1 14

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 88 1 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 87 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 1 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 86 2 12

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 1 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 1 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 88 1 10

Education and health services ........................... 89 1 10

Educational services ...................................... 93 1 6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 93 5 ( ) 7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 94 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 66 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 55 – –

Public administration ......................................... 87 3 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 90 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 88 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 91 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 88 2 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 91 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 2 12

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 489
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

State government .................................................. 88 1 11

Local government .................................................. 88 2 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 – –

New England ..................................................... 97 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 – –

South ..................................................................... 87 1 12

South Atlantic .................................................... 86 – –

East South Central ............................................ 93 – –

West South Central ........................................... 85 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 89 2 10

East North Central ............................................. 89 2 9

West North Central ............................................ 88 – –

West ...................................................................... 84 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 86 – 14

Pacific ................................................................ 83 – –

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 5 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 490
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, State

and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.3 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.2 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 0.2 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 0.3 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.1 0.5 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.4 1.1 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.7 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.7 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.3 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 – –

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.3 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.3 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.5 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.5 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.3 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 0.4 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.3 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 0.2 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.2 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.7 0.2 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.2 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 6.6 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 0.7 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.3 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 0.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 491
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, State

and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

State government .................................................. 1.1 0.4 1.2

Local government .................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 – –

New England ..................................................... 1.8 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.4 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 – –

East South Central ............................................ 1.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 0.6 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 0.8 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.7 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 4.1 – 4.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 – –

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 492
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government

workers, March 2019

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 9 15 61 14 1 11 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 14 62 15 1 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 21 26 47 – – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 8 10 65 16 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... – 20 58 13 – 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 12 14 61 – – 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 – 62 16 – 11 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 17 15 59 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 15 62 15 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 15 63 17 – 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 16 61 14 3 ( ) 11 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 8 15 60 16 1 12 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 14 61 17 1 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 20 27 48 – – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 8 9 64 18 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... – 20 56 14 – 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 13 60 15 – 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 – 60 20 – 12 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 17 13 59 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 7 15 60 16 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 15 62 18 – 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 16 60 16 3 ( ) 11 12

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 493
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 8 15 60 16 1 12 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 14 61 17 1 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 20 27 47 – – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 8 9 63 18 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... – 20 56 14 – 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 12 59 15 – 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 13 59 20 – 12 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 17 12 60 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 7 15 60 17 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 15 61 18 – 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 15 59 16 3 ( ) 11 12

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 8 15 59 17 1 12 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 14 60 18 1 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 20 27 46 – – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 8 9 63 19 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 20 56 15 3 ( ) 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 12 59 16 – 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 13 59 20 – 12 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 17 12 59 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 7 15 59 17 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 15 60 19 1 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 15 59 16 3 ( ) 11 12

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 494
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and

local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 2.5 3.8 – – 0.3 0.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 1.7 2.0 1.1 – 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 2.1 2.7 – – 0.3 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 – 4.7 3.1 – 0.3 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.3 3.1 – – 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.6 2.2 1.8 – 0.9 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.0

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 2.7 4.0 – – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 1.5 1.9 1.1 – 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.0 2.9 1.8 – 0.3 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 – 5.1 3.9 – 0.3 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.2 3.0 – – 0.5 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.6 2.2 1.8 – 0.9 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 495
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and

local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 2.7 3.9 – – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 1.5 1.8 1.1 – 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 1.8 2.6 1.9 – 0.3 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.8 4.8 4.0 – 0.4 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.1 3.0 – – 0.5 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.6 2.3 1.8 – 0.9 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 2.7 3.9 – – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 1.8 2.6 1.9 – 0.3 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.8 4.8 4.0 – 0.4 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.1 3.0 – – 0.5 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 1.6 2.3 1.9 0.7 0.9 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 496
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and local government

workers, March 2019

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 92 59 33 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 60 32 8

Professional and related .................................... 92 60 32 8

Teachers ........................................................ 90 58 32 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 90 56 34 10

Service ................................................................... 90 56 34 10

Protective service .............................................. 93 56 37 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 94 59 35 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 94 59 35 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 97 53 44 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 93 53 40 7

Full time ................................................................. 92 59 33 8

Part time ................................................................ 91 55 35 9

Union ..................................................................... 93 59 34 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 91 59 32 9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 91 55 36 9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 88 54 34 12

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 64 30 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 60 33 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 57 34 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 57 33 10

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 92 59 33 8

Education and health services ........................... 91 60 31 9

Educational services ...................................... 90 60 30 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 56 34 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 92 71 21 8

Health care and social assistance ................. – 63 – –

Hospitals .................................................... – 59 – –

Public administration ......................................... 94 57 37 6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 91 56 35 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 57 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 90 56 35 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 93 60 33 7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 94 55 40 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 62 30 8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 497
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

State government .................................................. 95 73 22 5

Local government .................................................. 91 54 37 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 94 42 51 6

New England ..................................................... 94 36 58 6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 44 49 6

South ..................................................................... 90 65 25 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 91 70 22 9

East South Central ............................................ 90 64 26 10

West South Central ........................................... 87 59 29 13

Midwest ................................................................. 90 49 41 10

East North Central ............................................. 91 52 39 9

West North Central ............................................ 88 41 47 12

West ...................................................................... 97 73 24 3

Mountain ............................................................ – 64 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 97 77 20 3

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 498
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and

local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 1.6 1.7 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 2.1 2.1 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 2.6 2.6 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.5 2.1 1.9 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.4 3.2 2.6 1.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 2.2 2.0 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 2.3 2.1 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 3.4 3.8 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.4 4.2 4.2 2.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 3.8 3.4 2.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 1.7 1.6 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 2.3 2.0 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 3.7 3.5 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.9 1.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 2.0 1.9 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 3.1 2.3 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 1.6 1.6 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 1.7 1.8 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 2.5 2.2 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 3.2 3.1 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.5 – –

Hospitals .................................................... – 5.0 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 2.2 1.8 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 2.8 2.8 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.9 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 3.7 4.2 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 2.3 2.6 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 499
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and

local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

State government .................................................. 0.9 2.1 1.9 0.9

Local government .................................................. 0.8 1.6 1.5 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 2.9 2.5 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.2 3.9 4.2 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 3.5 2.9 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.1 2.0 1.9 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 3.6 2.8 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 2.0 2.7 1.8 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 2.8 3.8 2.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 2.7 2.7 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 2.8 1.7 1.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 5.7 7.1 3.1

West ...................................................................... 1.0 2.8 3.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 8.0 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.3

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 500
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and local government

workers, March 2019

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated

carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated2

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 25 72 120 180 245 134

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 30 90 150 185 245 143

Professional and related .................................... 27 90 150 185 240 142

Teachers ........................................................ 30 100 160 195 260 153

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 34 100 160 200 260 158

Service ................................................................... 20 45 120 180 250 120

Protective service .............................................. 25 45 120 165 250 120

Sales and office ..................................................... 30 – 120 190 250 134

Office and administrative support ...................... 30 – 120 190 250 133

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 48 90 130 200 100

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 – 120 189 240 126

Full time ................................................................. 30 75 120 180 248 135

Part time ................................................................ – – 120 195 240 124

Union ..................................................................... 29 100 160 200 265 155

Nonunion ............................................................... 20 60 100 160 200 112

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 50 105 180 225 115

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 50 90 141 190 106

Second 25 percent ............................................ 22 60 120 180 248 131

Third 25 percent ................................................ 25 75 120 180 250 132

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 34 100 160 200 260 157

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 130 160 184 220 160

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 75 120 180 248 135

Education and health services ........................... 27 90 150 190 255 146

Educational services ...................................... 25 90 160 200 259 148

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 90 160 195 260 149

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 15 90 150 200 220 142

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – – – 129

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – 109

Public administration ......................................... 25 48 120 162 240 118

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 75 120 180 260 133

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – – – 125

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 90 120 190 260 140

100 workers or more .............................................. 24 – 130 180 240 135

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 60 120 180 260 129

500 workers or more .......................................... 25 90 135 185 240 139

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 501
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated

carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated2

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 25 90 120 200 300 145

Local government .................................................. 24 65 120 180 240 132

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 30 120 165 200 300 165

New England ..................................................... – 110 130 184 210 148

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 27 150 180 200 300 171

South ..................................................................... 20 60 120 150 180 110

South Atlantic .................................................... – 90 120 180 180 117

East South Central ............................................ – 75 150 160 180 129

West South Central ........................................... 20 – 90 120 180 93

Midwest ................................................................. 30 60 120 180 260 137

East North Central ............................................. – – 140 240 340 158

West North Central ............................................ 30 60 115 150 180 107

West ...................................................................... – 45 120 180 240 115

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – – 125

Pacific ................................................................ 8 – 108 180 248 108

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 502
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and

local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated1

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 2.9 13.5 7.9 2.0 9.0 2.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.2 0.0 4.8 8.0 16.2 3.2

Professional and related .................................... 4.5 0.9 3.2 7.4 8.0 3.4

Teachers ........................................................ 8.5 11.9 0.0 9.5 10.0 4.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 7.8 9.4 0.6 8.2 5.2 4.7

Service ................................................................... 4.7 9.5 7.7 19.9 14.3 4.9

Protective service .............................................. 4.8 11.7 8.9 20.1 52.1 8.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 – 0.0 17.3 15.2 7.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 – 0.0 17.5 14.0 7.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.8 10.5 5.8 6.3 22.2 5.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.0 – 14.6 22.7 22.0 12.7

Full time ................................................................. 3.0 11.3 8.6 1.4 10.5 2.6

Part time ................................................................ – – 21.2 20.4 18.4 12.5

Union ..................................................................... 5.3 9.5 3.0 0.0 28.1 4.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 4.1 2.1 13.0 15.1 11.0 2.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 12.4 14.1 21.5 21.5 4.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 14.2 7.3 30.2 13.1 6.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6.0 7.3 1.8 2.3 13.6 4.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6.7 10.9 4.6 0.0 13.5 5.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 6.7 14.1 0.0 0.0 8.6 5.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 8.9 0.0 18.6 22.7 6.8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.2 14.0 8.7 2.0 10.5 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 4.3 1.3 5.4 8.2 14.4 3.4

Educational services ...................................... 6.3 3.6 13.0 11.8 14.4 3.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.5 3.4 10.0 8.8 9.0 4.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 16.5 28.6 29.4 39.7 8.1

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – – – 11.5

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – 13.0

Public administration ......................................... 5.5 12.1 1.9 18.8 35.2 3.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8.0 21.8 0.0 7.8 39.1 7.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – – – 8.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 19.3 5.6 14.0 27.8 9.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 6.0 – 4.6 7.8 10.5 3.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 14.6 4.6 9.8 14.3 7.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.8 15.8 14.7 12.2 8.8 4.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 503
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and

local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated1

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 6.8 24.7 17.3 14.9 0.0 6.0

Local government .................................................. 5.7 12.9 9.8 0.7 0.0 3.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7.0 0.0 10.0 0.0 7.3 3.6

New England ..................................................... – 10.3 15.8 15.1 32.3 5.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.6 21.0 16.3 8.6 0.0 5.5

South ..................................................................... 5.5 7.9 29.1 16.7 0.0 4.4

South Atlantic .................................................... – 7.2 27.0 30.0 9.3 7.6

East South Central ............................................ – 15.8 42.4 22.6 0.0 9.9

West South Central ........................................... 3.8 – 5.5 0.0 0.0 5.5

Midwest ................................................................. 6.6 10.7 0.0 12.3 8.8 5.6

East North Central ............................................. – – 16.1 6.4 30.3 9.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 13.7 16.2 11.4 8.8 5.4

West ...................................................................... – 10.5 14.3 33.1 24.2 7.2

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – – 12.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 – 28.7 16.2 52.7 6.0

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 504
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government workers,

March 2019

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 4 12 56 17 10 2 13 12

Full time ................................................................. 4 11 57 17 10 2 13 12

Part time ................................................................ 10 24 45 15 – – 11 10

Union ..................................................................... 5 14 57 16 7 2 12 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 10 56 17 12 2 13 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 18 58 13 – – 11 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 17 55 15 – – 11 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5 20 62 11 – – 11 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 10 56 17 11 2 13 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 12 64 12 7 1 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 10 52 20 13 2 14 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 5 28 46 13 6 16 15

Full time ................................................................. 2 5 28 47 13 6 16 15

Part time ................................................................ 5 13 34 36 9 3 14 15

Union ..................................................................... 2 6 25 49 12 5 15 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 4 30 44 14 7 16 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 6 35 46 9 2 14 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 7 30 47 10 – 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 4 40 46 7 – 14 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 2 5 26 46 14 7 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 5 34 49 5 5 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 5 22 45 19 8 16 15

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 505
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 3 12 48 25 11 18 18

Full time ................................................................. 1 3 11 48 26 12 19 18

Part time ................................................................ 4 8 20 44 17 7 16 17

Union ..................................................................... 1 3 12 48 24 12 18 18

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 3 12 48 26 11 18 18

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 1 13 55 23 6 17 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 2 10 57 22 7 18 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 17 51 24 5 17 16

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 11 46 26 13 19 18

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 4 12 52 23 7 18 18

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 11 43 27 16 19 19

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 2 6 13 47 31 22 22

Full time ................................................................. 1 2 6 12 47 32 22 22

Part time ................................................................ – – 12 20 40 19 19 20

Union ..................................................................... 1 2 5 11 46 34 22 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 2 7 14 47 28 22 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 1 7 14 47 28 21 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 5 15 50 27 21 22

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 9 14 44 31 21 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 2 6 12 47 31 22 22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 2 7 14 45 29 22 22

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 6 12 47 32 23 23

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 506
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local

government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 4.1 3.9 2.4 – – 0.4 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 1.2 2.1 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.2 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.8 2.5 2.1 – – 0.2 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 2.4 3.6 2.9 – – 0.3 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 3.4 4.6 3.0 – – 0.3 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.8 2.9 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 1.0 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.2 3 ( )

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 2.2 3.6 3.9 1.9 1.1 0.4 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.6 1.6 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 1.2 2.7 2.7 1.6 0.9 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 1.7 4.1 4.0 2.1 – 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 1.3 3.8 4.6 2.2 – 0.3 3 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 1.0 3.1 3.0 1.1 1.3 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.2 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 507
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 1.7 3.6 3.6 3.2 1.4 0.4 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 0.2 3 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.4 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.2 0.3 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 0.6 1.9 3.3 2.8 1.7 0.3 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.1 0.4 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.9 2.0 2.7 2.2 1.5 0.3 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.1 0.2 0.4

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.2

Part time ................................................................ – – 2.5 4.7 3.8 3.0 0.5 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.8 1.8 0.2 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.1 1.8 1.5 0.2 0.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.4 1.2 2.0 2.6 1.8 0.3 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 1.1 3.1 3.8 2.4 0.4 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 2.9 2.1 3.9 3.0 0.4 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.8 1.1 2.0 2.6 2.3 0.3 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.2 0.1

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 508
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 14 17 21 24 27 86 12 15 18 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 15 18 21 23 26 85 13 16 18 22

Professional and related .................................... 17 17 20 23 25 83 13 16 18 22

Teachers ........................................................ 15 13 14 14 14 85 14 15 17 20

Service ................................................................... 14 17 20 24 27 86 11 14 17 21

Protective service .............................................. 10 17 21 24 29 90 11 14 17 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 11 18 22 25 28 89 11 15 18 22

Office and administrative support ...................... 11 18 22 25 28 89 11 15 17 22

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 17 21 25 29 83 11 14 17 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 14 18 21 24 89 11 14 17 22

Full time ................................................................. 14 18 21 24 27 86 12 15 18 21

Part time ................................................................ 21 11 14 16 18 79 11 14 16 20

Union ..................................................................... 9 19 23 26 30 91 11 15 17 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 18 17 20 23 25 82 12 15 18 21

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 16 20 23 25 84 11 14 17 20

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 21 15 18 21 23 79 11 14 17 20

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 18 21 25 28 88 12 15 18 22

Third 25 percent ................................................ 14 17 20 23 26 86 12 15 18 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 14 19 22 25 28 86 13 16 18 22

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 11 20 23 26 29 89 14 16 19 21

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 17 21 24 27 86 12 15 18 21

Education and health services ........................... 16 18 21 24 26 84 13 15 18 21

Educational services ...................................... 7 15 16 17 18 93 13 15 18 20

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 9 13 13 14 14 91 11 13 16 19

Health care and social assistance ................. 39 20 23 27 29 61 13 16 18 23

Hospitals .................................................... 54 20 24 27 29 46 13 16 19 23

Public administration ......................................... 10 18 22 26 30 90 11 14 17 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 14 18 22 24 90 11 14 17 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 14 19 22 25 93 11 14 17 21

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 14 14 18 21 24 86 10 14 16 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 18 21 24 27 85 12 15 18 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 11 17 20 23 26 89 11 14 17 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 17 18 21 25 27 83 13 15 18 22

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 509
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

State government .................................................. 7 20 24 26 29 93 13 16 19 23

Local government .................................................. 18 17 20 23 26 82 11 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 17 19 23 25 95 11 16 18 22

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 19 20 24 26 95 12 16 19 22

South ..................................................................... 15 17 21 23 26 85 12 15 17 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 15 17 21 24 27 85 12 14 17 21

East South Central ............................................ 12 20 22 26 28 88 12 15 18 21

West South Central ........................................... 17 16 20 22 25 83 11 14 17 21

Midwest ................................................................. 16 16 19 22 25 84 12 14 18 22

East North Central ............................................. 15 17 20 24 26 85 12 15 18 22

West North Central ............................................ 18 15 19 20 22 82 12 14 17 21

West ...................................................................... 18 18 22 25 28 82 12 15 18 21

Mountain ............................................................ 25 16 19 21 24 75 13 16 18 21

Pacific ................................................................ 15 20 24 28 31 85 12 15 17 21

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 510
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government

workers, March 2019

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ 4.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 4.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6

Service ................................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.4 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.6 3.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.4 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.2 3.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.9 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 3.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7

Hospitals .................................................... 4.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 4.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 2.0 2.7 3.0 3.4 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.8 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.8 3.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.4 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 511
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government

workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

State government .................................................. 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Local government .................................................. 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 2.2 2.1 2.9 3.1 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.8 2.3 3.4 3.5 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 0.5 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8

West South Central ........................................... 3.9 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 3.9 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.6 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 4.4 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.7 4.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

West ...................................................................... 2.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.9 2.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 6.2 1.4 1.8 1.9 2.7 6.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6

Pacific ................................................................ 2.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 512
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 14 4 12 62 78

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 15 5 11 63 79

Professional and related .................................... 15 4 10 62 78

Teachers ........................................................ 12 2 6 59 73

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 2 3 56 71

Service ................................................................... 12 3 9 59 75

Protective service .............................................. 13 3 12 60 80

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 4 13 64 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 4 13 64 82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 7 16 64 77

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 – 21 65 76

Full time ................................................................. 16 5 13 66 82

Part time ................................................................ 5 2 5 40 55

Union ..................................................................... 15 3 16 58 82

Nonunion ............................................................... 13 5 8 67 75

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 12 3 6 59 69

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 9 3 3 56 61

Second 25 percent ............................................ 16 5 15 66 83

Third 25 percent ................................................ 16 4 13 68 81

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 13 5 13 58 81

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 5 14 56 80

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 4 11 62 78

Education and health services ........................... 14 4 7 63 77

Educational services ...................................... 12 3 6 60 75

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 8 2 3 54 70

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 23 6 15 78 91

Health care and social assistance ................. 26 6 14 81 92

Hospitals .................................................... 27 6 – 79 95

Public administration ......................................... 17 6 17 64 81

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 3 10 56 64

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 11 – 15 53 59

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10 4 5 59 70

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 5 12 65 82

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 5 10 54 70

500 workers or more .......................................... 16 5 13 70 89

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 513
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

State government .................................................. 30 7 22 85 93

Local government .................................................. 9 4 8 55 73

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 20 2 8 46 80

New England ..................................................... 19 – 12 53 80

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 20 – 7 43 80

South ..................................................................... 13 6 5 73 79

South Atlantic .................................................... 16 7 5 73 86

East South Central ............................................ 7 – 9 71 69

West South Central ........................................... – 6 3 75 75

Midwest ................................................................. 13 4 12 60 70

East North Central ............................................. 14 5 13 61 69

West North Central ............................................ 13 – 11 58 70

West ...................................................................... 12 5 24 61 84

Mountain ............................................................ 13 5 17 67 81

Pacific ................................................................ 12 5 27 59 85

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 514
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2019

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 0.9 0.6 2.5 2.5

Service ................................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.9 2.2 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 1.8 0.9 1.6 2.8 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.8 0.9 2.0 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.7 2.3 2.3 3.6 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 – 4.2 4.0 4.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.1 2.7 2.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.6 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.2 0.8 0.8 2.4 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.7 0.8 1.6 1.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.1 1.7 2.4 2.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 0.8 0.6 1.7 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 0.8 0.4 2.0 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 1.4 2.3 2.7 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 2.3 3.2 2.7 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 2.1 – 3.3 2.1

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 – 2.4 2.8 3.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 1.7 1.6 3.2 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.2 1.3 2.9 2.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 515
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

State government .................................................. 2.3 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.1

Local government .................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.7 1.1 2.3 1.7

New England ..................................................... 3.0 – 3.6 2.7 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 – 0.9 3.1 1.9

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 2.3 1.1 2.2 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 – 1.3 3.0 3.0

West South Central ........................................... – 1.7 1.2 2.4 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.3 1.4 3.0 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 1.9 1.6 4.1 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 – 2.7 3.8 3.5

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.9 2.1

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 1.4 3.8 7.2 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 2.0 1.2 2.6 3.0

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 516
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 36 37 63 69 63 26

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 38 38 64 71 65 27

Professional and related .................................... 37 37 63 70 65 26

Teachers ........................................................ 38 39 59 67 62 23

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 38 41 57 68 62 22

Service ................................................................... 32 34 59 64 58 23

Protective service .............................................. 30 35 63 68 64 28

Sales and office ..................................................... 37 36 64 70 63 27

Office and administrative support ...................... 38 37 64 70 64 28

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 39 63 68 59 24

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 31 40 59 63 63 25

Full time ................................................................. 39 40 68 75 68 28

Part time ................................................................ 20 19 33 34 35 13

Union ..................................................................... 31 28 62 70 65 28

Nonunion ............................................................... 41 44 64 68 61 24

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 32 37 56 60 53 22

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 30 37 51 55 47 16

Second 25 percent ............................................ 38 36 67 73 65 29

Third 25 percent ................................................ 38 43 68 74 69 28

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 36 31 62 71 66 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 36 27 53 69 66 23

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 37 63 69 63 26

Education and health services ........................... 38 38 63 70 63 25

Educational services ...................................... 38 39 61 68 62 24

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 35 39 55 63 58 21

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 48 37 78 81 74 34

Health care and social assistance ................. 37 36 79 86 70 34

Hospitals .................................................... 33 36 82 85 73 33

Public administration ......................................... 35 35 65 70 65 30

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 31 51 56 51 23

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 31 28 43 50 48 22

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 33 33 59 62 53 23

100 workers or more .............................................. 37 39 67 73 67 27

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 36 34 60 63 61 24

500 workers or more .......................................... 38 41 70 78 70 29

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 517
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

State government .................................................. 48 40 85 87 83 43

Local government .................................................. 32 36 56 63 57 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 9 48 58 71 26

New England ..................................................... 20 – 50 56 60 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 13 11 47 59 74 27

South ..................................................................... 41 54 71 76 67 26

South Atlantic .................................................... 42 49 75 79 70 25

East South Central ............................................ 43 59 63 69 64 33

West South Central ........................................... 39 58 69 76 64 26

Midwest ................................................................. 40 31 57 66 61 25

East North Central ............................................. 39 30 55 64 61 26

West North Central ............................................ 43 35 62 70 61 25

West ...................................................................... 42 36 67 69 53 27

Mountain ............................................................ 39 43 69 69 58 32

Pacific ................................................................ 43 33 66 69 51 24

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred

arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of

the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the

employer to fund the established plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March

2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 518
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2019

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 3.3 2.4 2.7 3.1 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.7 4.0 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.6 3.4 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.0 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.7 4.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.2 4.1 3.5 2.0 4.9 3.2

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 5.3 3.7 2.1 4.1 5.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.0 2.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.9 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 519
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

State government .................................................. 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.6

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8

New England ..................................................... 4.7 – 4.5 6.4 3.4 3.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.2

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.9 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.5 2.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 4.1 6.3 4.4 6.6 3.7

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 2.2 2.5 2.2 4.3 1.9

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 2.0 2.2 1.5 2.4 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 2.7 1.6 1.7 3.2 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 4.8 3.0 5.5 3.0 3.8 2.7

West ...................................................................... 1.8 2.6 1.5 1.6 1.7 2.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.7 4.8 2.6 3.3 2.8 5.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 3.2 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.0

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred

arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of

the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the

employer to fund the established plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March

2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 520
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 29 68 64

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 32 71 65

Professional and related .................................... 31 70 64

Teachers ........................................................ 29 70 63

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 26 70 62

Service ................................................................... 24 62 57

Protective service .............................................. 27 69 67

Sales and office ..................................................... 29 70 68

Office and administrative support ...................... 29 71 69

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 25 65 60

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 23 61 58

Full time ................................................................. 32 74 69

Part time ................................................................ 14 33 29

Union ..................................................................... 28 73 68

Nonunion ............................................................... 30 65 59

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 21 56 51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 17 48 42

Second 25 percent ............................................ 34 72 67

Third 25 percent ................................................ 33 74 70

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 30 73 68

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 30 72 68

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 29 68 63

Education and health services ........................... 31 69 62

Educational services ...................................... 30 69 62

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 24 65 58

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 51 80 77

Health care and social assistance ................. 34 69 62

Hospitals .................................................... 36 68 62

Public administration ......................................... 28 71 70

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23 60 55

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 59 54

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 21 61 55

100 workers or more .............................................. 31 71 66

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 22 62 58

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 75 70

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 521
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

State government .................................................. 51 89 87

Local government .................................................. 22 62 56

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 21 75 73

New England ..................................................... 13 70 73

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 23 77 73

South ..................................................................... 34 75 70

South Atlantic .................................................... 37 75 71

East South Central ............................................ 35 68 58

West South Central ........................................... 29 78 73

Midwest ................................................................. 23 62 55

East North Central ............................................. 23 60 54

West North Central ............................................ 24 65 57

West ...................................................................... 34 58 54

Mountain ............................................................ 29 46 44

Pacific ................................................................ 36 64 58

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 522
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access, State

and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.2 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.4 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 2.0 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 2.1 1.7

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.4 2.6 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.9 2.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.9 2.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 3.8 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.2 4.2 4.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.1 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.8 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.5 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 1.7 2.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 2.2 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 1.5 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.6 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.1 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 1.1 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.4 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.6 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.8 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.8 2.7 2.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.7 3.0 3.7

Hospitals .................................................... 5.8 4.1 4.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.6 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 2.3 2.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 3.5 3.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 3.5 2.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.2 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 2.6 2.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.2 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 523
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access, State

and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

State government .................................................. 1.8 1.7 1.4

Local government .................................................. 1.0 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 2.1 2.6

New England ..................................................... 3.8 2.7 3.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 2.5 3.1

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.6 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 7.4 5.9

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 2.4 2.3

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 2.8 3.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 2.6 4.1

West North Central ............................................ 5.0 6.4 3.5

West ...................................................................... 1.7 2.1 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 4.7 4.5 4.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 2.0 2.1

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 524
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 36 4 1 1 20 7 3 ( ) 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 37 4 1 3 ( ) 21 6 3 ( ) 12

Professional and related .................................... 36 3 1 – 20 6 3 ( ) 12

Teachers ........................................................ 33 2 1 – 20 5 – 12

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 35 2 – – 22 5 – 13

Service ................................................................... 35 3 2 1 18 8 – 10

Protective service .............................................. 46 6 2 1 23 11 – 15

Sales and office ..................................................... 37 4 2 1 19 7 3 ( ) 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 38 4 2 1 19 8 3 ( ) 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 3 2 3 18 9 – 8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 38 – – – 19 9 – 12

Full time ................................................................. 40 4 1 1 22 8 3 ( ) 12

Part time ................................................................ 16 2 – 1 7 1 – 5

Union ..................................................................... 48 5 – – 35 8 3 ( ) 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 3 2 1 7 6 3 ( ) 10

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 27 1 2 2 9 6 – 10

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 1 2 2 5 5 – 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 38 4 1 1 19 8 3 ( ) 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 38 4 1 – 21 7 3 ( ) 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 44 5 1 – 30 7 – 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 47 7 – – 34 6 – 14

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 4 1 1 20 7 3 ( ) 11

Education and health services ........................... 33 3 1 – 19 6 3 ( ) 10

Educational services ...................................... 32 2 1 – 19 5 – 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 31 1 – – 21 5 – 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 33 6 – – 16 6 – 7

Health care and social assistance ................. 38 6 – – 16 8 2 10

Hospitals .................................................... 34 8 – – 12 5 – 9

Public administration ......................................... 45 6 2 1 22 9 – 13

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 4 1 – 20 6 – 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 32 6 2 – 20 7 – 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 3 – – 20 5 – 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 38 3 1 1 20 7 3 ( ) 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 38 2 2 1 19 9 – 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 38 4 1 3 ( ) 20 6 3 ( ) 12

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 525
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

State government .................................................. 45 10 3 ( ) – 20 10 – 15

Local government .................................................. 33 2 2 1 20 6 3 ( ) 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 56 – – – 46 7 – 14

New England ..................................................... 56 – – – 37 17 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 56 – – – 49 4 – 15

South ..................................................................... 32 2 2 1 6 8 – 15

South Atlantic .................................................... 46 4 3 2 10 7 – 26

East South Central ............................................ 30 – – 4 – 19 – 2

West South Central ........................................... 14 – – – 2 4 – 7

Midwest ................................................................. 30 1 – – 18 10 – 7

East North Central ............................................. 32 1 – – 24 9 – 6

West North Central ............................................ 26 – – – 7 12 – 8

West ...................................................................... 33 10 – – 22 2 – 5

Mountain ............................................................ 14 – – – 2 – – 5

Pacific ................................................................ 42 13 – – 32 2 – 5

1 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary

of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 526
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 0.5 0.4 – 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 0.6 0.4 – 1.4 0.5 – 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 0.6 – – 1.9 0.7 – 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.8 – 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.4 1.2 0.8 0.5 2.0 1.5 – 2.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.2 1.4 1.1 0.2 0.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.4 1.1 0.2 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 1.3 0.7 1.1 1.8 1.9 – 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.4 – – – 4.0 2.2 – 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 0.5 – 0.4 1.0 0.4 – 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.6 – – 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8 – 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.9 – 0.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.3 1.1 0.1 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.7 0.4 – 1.6 0.6 0.1 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.0 0.5 – 1.9 0.6 – 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 1.4 – – 2.5 0.9 – 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 0.4 0.3 – 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 0.3 0.3 – 1.2 0.5 – 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 0.4 – – 1.6 0.7 – 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.8 0.8 – – 1.7 1.8 – 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.0 1.9 – – 2.9 2.0 1.0 2.8

Hospitals .................................................... 5.1 2.2 – – 2.6 2.5 – 1.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.1 – 1.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.2 0.9 0.6 – 2.0 1.4 – 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.4 1.1 0.9 – 2.9 2.4 – 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.1 1.1 – – 2.7 1.6 – 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.6 1.2 – 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.5 0.4 3 ( ) 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 527
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March

2019—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

State government .................................................. 2.2 1.0 0.2 – 1.5 1.4 – 1.4

Local government .................................................. 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.1 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 – – – 1.8 0.7 – 1.2

New England ..................................................... 3.2 – – – 3.1 1.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 – – – 2.2 0.9 – 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.0 0.9 – 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.9 1.3 – 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.3 – – 0.9 – 2.4 – 0.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 – – – 0.5 1.5 – 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 0.5 – – 1.7 1.1 – 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 0.3 – – 2.1 1.1 – 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 – – – 2.9 2.5 – 2.5

West ...................................................................... 2.4 1.1 – – 2.4 0.7 – 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 – – – 0.8 – – 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 3.3 1.3 – – 3.3 0.8 – 1.3

1 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary

of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 528
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, State and local

government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 57 56 48 44

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 59 58 49 45

Professional and related .................................... 58 58 49 44

Teachers ........................................................ 60 59 48 43

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 64 62 49 45

Service ................................................................... 51 51 44 41

Protective service .............................................. 53 53 49 45

Sales and office ..................................................... 59 59 51 46

Office and administrative support ...................... 59 59 51 46

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 53 53 48 41

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 56 58 45 43

Full time ................................................................. 61 61 52 47

Part time ................................................................ 28 28 25 24

Union ..................................................................... 60 60 66 60

Nonunion ............................................................... 54 53 33 30

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 46 46 31 29

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 40 40 23 21

Second 25 percent ............................................ 56 56 51 47

Third 25 percent ................................................ 60 59 51 47

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 65 64 62 55

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 63 64 67 61

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 57 57 48 44

Education and health services ........................... 59 58 48 43

Educational services ...................................... 61 60 48 44

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 61 60 46 42

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 59 59 54 46

Health care and social assistance ................. 49 48 43 41

Hospitals .................................................... 48 49 35 35

Public administration ......................................... 55 55 50 46

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 55 46 44

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 49 48 47 44

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 63 61 46 43

100 workers or more .............................................. 57 57 49 44

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 52 53 42 41

500 workers or more .......................................... 59 59 52 46

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 529
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, State and local

government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

State government .................................................. 63 62 54 46

Local government .................................................. 55 55 47 44

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 62 62 67 61

New England ..................................................... 34 32 49 43

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 72 73 67

South ..................................................................... 56 57 24 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 51 51 26 21

East South Central ............................................ 63 60 21 21

West South Central ........................................... 62 64 23 24

Midwest ................................................................. 30 29 42 33

East North Central ............................................. 29 26 51 38

West North Central ............................................ 33 34 24 23

West ...................................................................... 77 77 79 77

Mountain ............................................................ 67 66 66 59

Pacific ................................................................ 82 82 85 85

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 530
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

State and local government workers, March 2019

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.4 2.5 1.8 1.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 2.5 1.8 1.7

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.3 4.2 3.4 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.4 4.6 4.3 4.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.0 4.4 3.1 3.6

Hospitals .................................................... 5.7 6.1 4.0 5.1

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 1.1 1.9 1.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.1 3.1 3.8 3.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 2.7 2.2 2.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 531
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

State government .................................................. 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.0

Local government .................................................. 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.0 2.8 2.5 3.1

New England ..................................................... 6.3 6.4 6.0 7.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.9 2.5 2.4 3.3

South ..................................................................... 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.4 3.7 0.8 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 4.6 4.0 4.0 3.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.5 2.3 1.9 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 5.0 5.5 3.7 3.4

West ...................................................................... 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 4.8 5.0 6.1 5.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 2.3 1.4 1.3

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 532
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 88 1 3 8 81 8 1 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 1 3 6 82 9 1 8

Professional and related .................................... 90 1 3 6 81 10 1 8

Teachers ........................................................ 91 1 2 5 81 11 1 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 – – 1 87 13 – –

Service ................................................................... 79 2 5 14 74 7 1 18

Protective service .............................................. 89 1 3 8 85 – – 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 1 3 8 82 7 1 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 1 3 8 82 – – 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 – 2 – 88 7 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 84 – 6 10 79 6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 99 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 91 9 – –

Part time ................................................................ 22 4 23 51 19 7 5 69

Union ..................................................................... 94 1 3 2 88 7 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 83 1 4 13 75 9 1 16

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 2 8 20 64 9 2 26

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 58 3 11 28 52 9 1 37

Second 25 percent ............................................ 92 1 2 5 86 7 1 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 97 1 ( ) 1 2 87 10 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 1 ( ) 2 3 88 7 1 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 – – 4 84 9 1 6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 88 1 3 8 81 8 1 10

Education and health services ........................... 89 1 4 6 81 9 1 9

Educational services ...................................... 89 1 4 6 80 10 1 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 1 4 6 78 12 1 9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 1 4 7 85 5 2 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 1 2 6 87 – – 9

Hospitals .................................................... 90 – – 6 87 – – 9

Public administration ......................................... 89 1 2 8 83 7 1 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 83 2 4 11 74 11 1 14

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 81 1 4 14 68 13 1 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 86 2 4 8 80 9 1 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 89 1 3 7 83 7 1 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 86 1 5 8 77 10 1 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 1 2 6 85 6 1 8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 533
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 83 6 3 8 36 53 1 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 86 6 2 6 38 53 1 7

Professional and related .................................... 86 6 3 6 37 54 1 8

Teachers ........................................................ 89 3 2 6 36 56 1 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 – – 1 32 67 – –

Service ................................................................... 74 7 4 15 29 52 2 17

Protective service .............................................. 87 3 2 8 33 57 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 83 6 3 9 36 53 1 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 84 6 3 8 36 53 1 9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 87 8 2 2 41 55 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 81 4 6 10 26 58 – –

Full time ................................................................. 93 6 1 ( ) 1 40 59 – –

Part time ................................................................ 20 7 19 54 7 19 9 65

Union ..................................................................... 92 3 3 2 34 61 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 76 8 3 13 37 46 2 15

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 64 8 7 21 27 45 3 25

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 52 9 8 30 21 40 6 33

Second 25 percent ............................................ 86 7 2 5 38 55 1 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 4 1 2 38 59 1 () 3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 5 2 3 41 54 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 87 5 3 4 43 50 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 83 6 3 8 36 53 1 10

Education and health services ........................... 84 6 3 7 37 53 1 9

Educational services ...................................... 86 4 4 7 34 56 1 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 1 4 6 26 64 1 9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 79 10 3 8 57 32 2 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 20 2 7 55 36 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 66 25 2 7 58 33 – –

Public administration ......................................... 85 5 1 9 35 55 1 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 6 3 12 26 59 2 13

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 77 5 3 15 24 58 2 16

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 82 6 3 9 29 59 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 6 3 7 39 52 1 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 83 4 5 8 29 58 2 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 7 2 6 43 49 1 7

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 534
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

State government .................................................. 95 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 4 89 6 – –

Local government .................................................. 86 1 4 9 78 9 1 12

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 85 1 6 8 80 7 2 11

New England ..................................................... 84 – – 10 81 – – 10

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 86 1 ( ) 7 7 79 7 2 11

South ..................................................................... 92 1 2 6 82 11 1 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 1 2 8 83 – – 8

East South Central ............................................ 91 – – 5 74 18 – –

West South Central ........................................... 95 – – 3 83 13 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 84 1 5 9 80 5 1 14

East North Central ............................................. 83 1 6 10 80 4 1 15

West North Central ............................................ 87 1 5 7 80 – – 12

West ...................................................................... 87 1 2 10 80 – – 12

Mountain ............................................................ 85 – – 13 82 – – 14

Pacific ................................................................ 88 1 3 8 79 – – 11

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 535
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

State government .................................................. 90 6 1 ( ) 4 49 46 – –

Local government .................................................. 81 6 4 9 31 55 2 12

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 82 5 5 8 29 57 – –

New England ..................................................... 76 12 – – 15 73 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 84 3 6 7 34 52 – –

South ..................................................................... 87 5 1 6 41 51 1 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 86 5 1 8 56 34 1 8

East South Central ............................................ 85 6 – – 40 52 – 8

West South Central ........................................... 89 6 1 4 20 76 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 78 7 5 10 39 47 3 12

East North Central ............................................. 77 8 5 10 45 40 3 12

West North Central ............................................ 81 7 4 8 28 59 2 11

West ...................................................................... 82 6 2 10 28 60 1 11

Mountain ............................................................ 77 – – 13 32 54 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 84 5 2 9 27 62 – –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 536
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2019

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 – – 0.3 1.2 1.3 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.5 0.4 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.3 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.4 1.7 – – 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.2 0.3 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.7 – – 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 – 0.9 – 2.2 1.9 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 – 2.3 2.7 4.6 1.4 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.7 – –

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 0.6 2.2 2.6 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.6 0.8 0.4 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 0.8 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.3 0.5 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.2 1.0 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 – – 1.1 1.8 1.2 0.3 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.0 0.6 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.4 0.2 0.6 1.6 2.0 – – 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 0.9 – – 1.4 2.6 – – 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.8 1.3 0.2 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.2 0.5 0.8 2.0 3.0 2.1 0.4 2.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.7 0.2 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.3 1.0 0.9 2.0 1.3 0.3 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 537
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 – – 0.3 1.2 1.1 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.9 2.0 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.8 1.8 0.4 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.8 1.7 0.3 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 2.1 1.0 1.0 3.2 3.1 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.6 1.5 2.3 2.7 3.2 4.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.8 – –

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 0.8 1.9 2.4 0.8 1.3 2.1 2.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.7 1.8 0.3 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.5 1.6 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 0.8 0.7 1.2 2.1 2.2 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 1.7 0.7 1.5 2.7 2.4 0.7 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.7 3.1 0.6 1.5 4.3 4.5 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.7 4.6 0.7 1.3 6.1 6.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.3 1.6 1.7 0.5 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 1.2 0.7 2.0 2.6 2.6 0.8 2.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 1.3 0.6 1.3 2.0 2.4 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.9 2.2 0.6 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 538
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

State government .................................................. 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.7 – –

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.3 0.6 1.8

New England ..................................................... 1.5 – – 1.6 2.5 – – 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 0.1 1.5 1.1 2.2 1.6 0.7 2.3

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.2 – – 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 – – 0.8 1.9 2.2 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 – – 1.0 2.5 2.5 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.7 2.1 1.2 0.2 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 0.3 1.0 2.4 2.9 1.5 0.2 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 0.4 1.4 1.6 2.6 – – 1.7

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.7 – – 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 – – 2.1 4.0 – – 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.7 – – 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 539
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

State government .................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.8 1.9 2.0 – –

Local government .................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.8 – –

New England ..................................................... 2.0 2.4 – – 4.4 4.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.9 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.3 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.3 1.9 0.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 1.6 – – 4.1 3.5 – 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 2.1 0.2 1.2 2.6 3.0 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.1 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.3 0.8 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.6 3.1

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 1.4 1.3 1.9 3.7 3.9 0.7 1.2

West ...................................................................... 1.3 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.8 1.6 0.5 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 – – 2.1 3.9 3.1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.1 0.6 1.1 2.0 1.9 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 540
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 35 59 60 58 93 93 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 27 63 46 43 94 95 86

Professional and related .................................... 23 64 39 36 94 94 85

Teachers ........................................................ 9 69 14 10 95 95 81

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 82 12 7 100 100 87

Service ................................................................... 45 52 74 73 87 87 85

Protective service .............................................. 51 52 89 88 91 92 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 50 54 86 84 93 93 92

Office and administrative support ...................... 50 54 86 85 94 94 93

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 60 59 95 94 97 98 98

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 34 56 61 61 92 92 86

Full time ................................................................. 39 65 66 64 99 99 95

Part time ................................................................ 11 21 21 20 52 53 42

Union ..................................................................... 39 69 57 56 98 98 91

Nonunion ............................................................... 32 50 63 60 88 88 85

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30 45 58 56 81 81 78

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23 39 44 42 70 70 67

Second 25 percent ............................................ 49 57 85 84 96 96 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ 39 69 60 58 98 98 94

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 26 65 41 39 97 97 85

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 22 52 36 34 95 96 74

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 35 59 60 58 93 93 87

Education and health services ........................... 25 62 44 41 94 94 86

Educational services ...................................... 21 64 36 33 94 94 85

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 16 72 25 21 94 94 84

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 32 39 68 68 93 94 87

Health care and social assistance ................. 51 51 91 91 92 94 93

Hospitals .................................................... 51 51 90 91 92 94 93

Public administration ......................................... 53 53 90 90 93 93 92

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 31 61 53 51 90 90 85

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 34 53 61 60 87 87 83

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28 68 46 41 92 93 88

100 workers or more .............................................. 37 58 62 60 94 94 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 40 64 62 61 91 91 88

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 56 62 60 95 95 88

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 541
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2019—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

State government .................................................. 48 50 85 86 96 96 95

Local government .................................................. 31 62 52 49 91 92 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 45 71 55 55 92 92 85

New England ..................................................... 48 81 54 53 91 91 90

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 44 67 56 56 92 92 84

South ..................................................................... 31 56 61 59 93 94 91

South Atlantic .................................................... 39 61 65 64 91 92 90

East South Central ............................................ – 45 59 59 93 93 92

West South Central ........................................... 25 56 56 52 97 97 92

Midwest ................................................................. 35 63 55 53 90 90 88

East North Central ............................................. 38 66 54 54 89 89 87

West North Central ............................................ 30 59 56 51 92 92 89

West ...................................................................... 34 48 67 64 94 94 83

Mountain ............................................................ 24 45 61 56 90 90 85

Pacific ................................................................ 39 50 70 68 96 96 83

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Page 542
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2019

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.8 1.2 2.1 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.9

Service ................................................................... 2.1 2.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.4 3.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.6 4.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 4.4 3.4 4.5 2.7 2.7 2.9

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.5 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 2.0 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.6 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.6 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.9 4.8 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 7.7 7.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.4 2.4 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.4 3.5 2.7 2.6 2.1 2.0 2.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.3 1.3 1.3 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2019—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

State government .................................................. 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9

Local government .................................................. 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.9 1.4 2.6 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.8

New England ..................................................... 4.0 2.6 3.0 2.3 0.9 0.9 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.4 1.7 3.1 3.2 1.9 2.0 2.2

South ..................................................................... 2.0 2.3 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.9 3.0 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 6.2 7.0 6.2 1.9 1.9 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 4.0 2.1 1.6 1.2 1.2 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 1.9 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 4.8 3.5 1.1 2.2 0.6 0.5 2.8

West ...................................................................... 2.4 2.6 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 6.0 6.2 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 2.4 1.5 1.1 0.6 0.6 1.1

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2019.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

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Technical Note

Measures of reliability

Measures of reliability are available for published estimates, which provide users a measure of the 

precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For 

further information see Technical Information about Standard Errors for Benefit Estimates. 

Comparing private and public sector data

Employee benefits in state and local government should not be directly compared to private industry. 

Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities and occupational 

structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry work activities 

but are rare in state and local government. Administrative support and professional occupations 

(including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government workforce, compared with 

one-half of private industry.

Leave benefits for teachers

Primary, secondary, and special education teachers typically have a work schedule of 37 or 38 weeks per 

year. Because of this work schedule, they are generally not offered vacations or holidays. In many cases, 

the time off during winter and spring breaks during the school year are not considered vacation days for 

the purposes of this survey.

Access

Employees are considered to have access to a benefit plan if it is available for their use. For example, if 

an employee is permitted to participate in a medical care plan offered by the employer, but the employee 

declines to do so, he or she is placed in a category with those having access to medical care.

Participation

Employees in contributory plans are considered participants in an insurance or retirement plan if they 

have paid required contributions and fulfilled any applicable service requirements. Employees in 

noncontributory plans are counted as participating regardless of whether they have fulfilled the service 

requirements. (Note: Incidence can mean either access or rates of participation in a benefit plan.)

Take-up rates

Take-up rates are the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan. They are 

computed by using the number of workers participating in a plan divided by the number of workers with 

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access to the plan, multiplied by 100, and rounded to the nearest one percent. Since the computation of 

take-up rates is based on the number of workers collected rather than rounded percentage estimates, the 

take-up rates in the tables may not equal the ratio of participation to access estimates.

Medical care premiums

The estimates for medical care premiums are not based on actual decisions regarding medical coverage 

made by employees; instead they are based on the assumption that all employees in the occupation can 

opt for single or family coverage. Monthly premiums are collected when possible. Annual premiums are 

converted to monthly premiums by dividing by 12 months.

Retirement plans

Differences in retirement plan participation are influenced by type of plan offered. In defined benefit 

plans participation is often mandatory, after meeting eligibility requirements, while participation in 

defined contribution plans is often voluntary.

For definitions of additional benefit terms, see the Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms. 

Average hourly wage percentiles

Estimates by worker average wage are grouped into six wage categories- the lowest 10 percent, the 

lowest 25 percent, the second 25 percent, the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 

10 percent. The categories use percentile values based on unpublished March 2019 wages and salaries 

from the BLS Employer Costs for Employee Compensation publication.

The percentiles are computed using hourly wages and salaries along with scheduled hours of work 

reported for individual workers in sampled establishments. Establishments in the survey are asked to 

report only individual worker wages and salaries for each sampled job. For the calculation of the 

percentile values, the individual worker hourly wages and salaries are weighted and arrayed from lowest 

to highest. The values corresponding to the percentiles are:

Characteristics 

Average hourly wage percentiles

10 25

50

(median) 75 90

Civilian workers $10.80 $13.80 $20.00 $32.21 $49.37

Private industry workers $10.48 $13.25 $19.00 $30.61 $48.28

State and local government 

workers $13.93 $18.63 $27.76 $39.31 $53.73

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The lowest 10- and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly rate 

less than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-percent 

category includes those occupations with rates at or above the 25th percentile value but less than the 

50th percentile value. The third 25-percent category includes those occupations with rates at or above 

the 50th percentile value but less than the 75th percentile value. Finally, the highest 25- and 10-percent 

wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly wage greater than or equal to the 

75th percentile value and 90th percentile value, respectively.

Individual workers can fall into a wage category different from the average for the occupation into which 

they are classified because average hourly wages for the occupation are used to produce the benefit 

estimates. 

Interpreting the tables

All estimates shown in the table are based on the set of workers specified in the statement underneath 

the table title and on any subsets indicated by column headers. For example, the statement may indicate 

that "All workers = 100 percent" or "All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent." 

Sample rotation

One-third of the private industry sample is rotated each year except in years when the government 

sample is replaced. The government sample is replaced less frequently than the private industry sample. 

The state and local government sample was replaced in its entirety for the March 2017 reference period.

Survey methods

For technical information on survey methods, see National Compensation Measures in the BLS Handbook 

of Methods. The Concepts section provides definitions for worker and establishment characteristics, 

including geographic areas. 

Additional information

For articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review benefits section and Beyond the 

Numbers: Pay and Benefits, and The Economics Daily. Benefit publications from 1980 to the present are 

available through the publications archive. In addition, the public databases may also be used to obtain 

data from 1985 to 2006 and 2010 to the present. 

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice 

phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

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Appendix table 1. Survey establishment response, March 2019

Establishments Civilian Private industry State and local

governments

Total in sampling frame1 ................................ 6,465,036 6,234,018 231,018

 Total in sample ............................................ 11,477 9,881 1,596

 Responding2 .............................................. 7,911 6,470 1,441

 Refused3 .................................................... 2,667 2,527 140

 Out of business or not in survey scope ..... 899 884 15

1 The sampling frame was developed from state unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2012

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). With some minor exceptions, an establishment is a

single economic unit that engages in one, or predominantly one, type of economic activity. For private industry,

the establishment is usually at a single physical location such as a mine, factory, office, or store; if a sampled

establishment is owned by a larger entity with many locations, only the employment and characteristics of the

establishment selected for the sample are considered for the survey. For state and local governments, an

establishment can include more than one physical location, such as a school district or a police department. 2 Establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 3 Establishments that did not provide data at the initial interview. Data for establishments not responding at

the time of update interviews are imputed. For information on nonresponse adjustment and imputation, see

“National Compensation Measures,” BLS Handbook of Methods available at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

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Appendix table 2. Number of workers represented,1 March 2019

Occupational group2 Civilian workers Private industry

workers

State and local

government

workers

All workers ..................................................... 139,805,300 120,415,500 19,389,800

Management, professional, and related .... 43,708,100 32,617,800 11,090,300

Management, business, and financial ... 13,406,000 11,792,300 –

Professional and related ........................ 30,302,100 20,825,600 9,476,600

Teachers ........................................... 6,641,100 – 5,135,900

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers ........... 4,617,600 – 3,942,900

Registered nurses ............................. 2,837,300 – –

Service ...................................................... 31,842,400 27,840,700 4,001,800

Protective service .................................. 3,505,500 1,571,300 1,934,200

Sales and office ......................................... 32,998,800 30,278,000 2,720,800

Sales and related .................................. 12,286,800 12,201,500 –

Office and administrative support .......... 20,712,100 18,076,600 2,635,500

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................ 11,334,900 10,525,000 809,900

Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry ............................. 5,808,400 5,367,600 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair .... 5,526,400 5,157,400 –

Production, transportation, and material

moving ..................................................... 19,921,000 19,154,000 767,000

Production ............................................. 9,606,400 9,486,100 –

Transportation and material moving ...... 10,314,700 9,668,000 –

1 The numbers of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the

number of workers provide a description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey.

Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends

or levels. 2 The 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system is used to classify workers.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no estimates for

this characteristic are provided in this publication.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

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