National Compensation Survey:

Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2017

U.S. Department of Labor

R. Alexander Acosta, Secretary

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

William J. Wiatrowski, Acting Commissioner

September 2017

Bulletin 2787

Contents

Overview

Civilian tables

Private industry tables

State and local government tables 

Appendix table 1: Survey establishment response 

Appendix table 2: Number of workers represented

Technical note 

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) corrected the 2017 National Compensation 

Survey - Benefits participation and take-up rate estimates for retirement benefits on the 

public database on October 18, 2018. Additionally, 2013–2016 estimates were suppressed 

pending evaluation of whether errors are present, for more information see www.bls.gov/

bls/errata/ncs-ebs-2017-retirement-benefits-access-participation-and-take-up-rates.htm.

Some estimates that include access to paid sick leave benefits were corrected in the BLS 

database on November 6, 2017. For additional information about this correction, see 

www.bls.gov/bls/errata/ebs-errata-07212017.htm.
Overview

The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost 

trends, the incidence of benefits, and detailed benefit provisions. This bulletin presents estimates of the 

incidence and key provisions of selected employee benefit plans. Estimates presented are on benefits for 

civilian workers—workers in private industry and in state and local government—by various employee and 

employer characteristics. For the purposes of the NCS, the Federal Government, agricultural, and 

household workers, and workers who are self-employed, are excluded.

For more information on these data and recent and historical NCS benefits data, call the information line 

at (202) 691–6199, use the contact EBS link to send email, or visit the benefits home page. Information 

is made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request (Voice phone: (202) 691–5200; Federal 

Relay Service: 1 (800) 877–8339). Data requests also may be sent to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 

Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Room 4160, 

Washington, DC 20212. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, 

may be reproduced without permission.

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) field economists collected and reviewed the survey data. The Office 

of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the Office of Field Operations and the 

Office of Technology and Survey Processing, designed the survey, processed the data, and prepared the 

survey for publication. The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many 

private businesses and state and local government agencies and jurisdictions that provided benefits data 

included in this bulletin. BLS thanks these respondents for their cooperation.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 70 54 77 28 23 83 59 40 69

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 85 73 86 42 35 83 68 52 76

Management, business, and financial ............... 88 77 88 37 31 84 79 65 83

Professional and related .................................... 84 71 85 44 37 83 63 46 73

Teachers ........................................................ 85 74 87 71 61 85 40 20 50

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 82 87 87 76 87 35 13 38

Registered nurses ......................................... 89 74 84 38 32 82 78 60 77

Service ................................................................... 47 30 62 17 14 87 37 18 49

Protective service .............................................. 79 63 80 56 51 91 43 22 50

Sales and office ..................................................... 72 53 74 21 16 75 64 44 69

Sales and related ............................................... 67 41 62 11 7 60 63 38 59

Office and administrative support ...................... 75 60 80 27 22 79 65 49 75

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 66 52 79 27 26 94 56 39 71

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 62 49 80 30 28 96 47 33 71

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 69 54 78 25 23 93 64 45 71

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 71 54 76 25 21 84 62 43 70

Production ......................................................... 74 56 76 22 18 83 71 50 71

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 52 75 28 23 85 54 37 68

Full time ................................................................. 81 65 80 33 28 85 68 48 72

Part time ................................................................ 38 22 59 11 8 72 32 16 52

Union ..................................................................... 94 83 88 82 72 88 46 30 65

Nonunion ............................................................... 66 49 75 19 15 80 61 42 70

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 45 25 55 9 6 69 40 20 51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 34 15 44 5 3 65 31 12 40

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 52 74 22 18 83 60 40 66

Third 25 percent ................................................ 82 68 83 36 31 86 68 51 75

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 90 80 89 50 42 85 72 57 79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 91 81 89 48 39 82 76 61 81

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 75 60 80 26 22 85 70 53 76

Service-providing industries .................................. 69 53 77 28 23 83 57 38 68

Education and health services ........................... 80 65 81 42 36 84 57 38 66

Educational services ...................................... 88 76 86 73 62 85 42 21 51

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 78 87 84 73 87 29 10 35

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 77 85 59 46 78 68 43 63

Health care and social assistance ................. 74 57 78 22 18 84 67 48 72

Hospitals .................................................... 91 78 86 45 38 83 80 62 77

Public administration ......................................... 91 84 92 87 78 90 36 19 52

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 55 40 73 14 12 84 49 33 68

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 50 36 72 10 9 85 46 31 68

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 68 50 73 23 19 84 57 38 66

100 workers or more .............................................. 85 68 80 42 35 83 68 48 70

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 61 76 29 24 83 67 46 68

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 77 85 57 48 83 70 50 72

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 72 58 82 31 27 85 58 42 73

New England ..................................................... 73 57 78 27 23 84 59 44 75

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 71 59 83 33 28 86 57 42 73

South ..................................................................... 71 53 74 28 23 83 60 39 65

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 54 76 29 24 81 62 41 66

East South Central ............................................ 72 50 70 26 22 85 62 37 60

West South Central ........................................... 70 52 74 26 23 87 56 36 65

Midwest ................................................................. 73 56 77 27 22 83 63 44 69

East North Central ............................................. 72 55 76 27 23 84 64 43 68

West North Central ............................................ 75 58 77 27 22 82 63 44 70

West ...................................................................... 64 51 79 25 21 81 52 38 73

Mountain ............................................................ 66 52 78 21 17 81 56 41 73

Pacific ................................................................ 63 50 80 28 23 81 50 37 74

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 2.3 2.2 1.0 2.6 2.6 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 2.4 1.1 3.1 3.0 1.1 2.1 1.8 3.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.6 2.3 1.9 3.2 3.0 1.6 2.3 2.5 2.4

Service ................................................................... 2.0 1.4 2.4 0.8 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.2 2.6

Protective service .............................................. 3.1 4.2 5.5 5.1 4.7 1.2 3.8 2.4 7.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 4.5 1.6 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.0 3.0 2.4 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.1 2.1 1.7 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.0

Production ......................................................... 2.2 1.8 1.2 1.6 0.9 3.4 2.2 1.8 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.5 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.5 1.1 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.1 1.5 0.5 0.4 2.4 1.5 1.0 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 1.1 2.2 0.6 0.4 5.3 2.1 1.0 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 0.8 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.6 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.2 0.9 2.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.5 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.7 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.7 2.4 2.2 1.3

Hospitals .................................................... 1.0 1.5 1.2 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.2 1.5

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.5 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.4 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2

New England ..................................................... 3.0 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 3.4 1.5 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.1 2.1 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 2.9 4.3 2.7 2.9 4.7 1.0 2.5 4.0

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 3.0 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 2.7 2.8 2.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.4 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 2.2 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.6 2.1 1.9 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 3.4 2.1 1.7 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.4 1.3 2.2

West ...................................................................... 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 1.2 2.2 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.7 1.3 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.6

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 16 12 42

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 25 17 43

Management, business, and financial ............... 28 9 51

Professional and related .................................... 24 20 40

Teachers ........................................................ 27 45 14

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 27 60 8

Registered nurses ......................................... 28 10 50

Service ................................................................... 6 10 31

Protective service .............................................. 21 35 22

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 8 51

Sales and related ............................................... 7 4 56

Office and administrative support ...................... 18 10 47

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 10 38

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 15 15 32

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 19 6 45

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 16 9 47

Production ......................................................... 19 3 52

Transportation and material moving .................. 13 15 41

Full time ................................................................. 20 13 47

Part time ................................................................ 4 7 27

Union ..................................................................... 33 48 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 13 5 47

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 5 36

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 3 30

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 10 48

Third 25 percent ................................................ 21 15 46

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 32 18 40

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 33 15 43

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 21 5 50

Service-providing industries .................................. 15 13 41

Education and health services ........................... 20 23 37

Educational services ...................................... 26 46 15

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 24 60 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 36 23 32

Health care and social assistance ................. 15 7 52

Hospitals .................................................... 34 11 46

Public administration ......................................... 32 55 4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 6 41

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 4 40

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 11 12 46

100 workers or more .............................................. 25 17 43

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 16 13 51

500 workers or more .......................................... 37 21 33

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17 14 40

New England ..................................................... 13 14 46

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 18 14 39

South ..................................................................... 17 11 43

South Atlantic .................................................... 21 9 42

East South Central ............................................ 15 11 47

West South Central ........................................... 12 15 44

Midwest ................................................................. 17 10 46

East North Central ............................................. 18 9 45

West North Central ............................................ 15 12 48

West ...................................................................... 13 12 39

Mountain ............................................................ 11 10 45

Pacific ................................................................ 14 13 36

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.6 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.8 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 0.8 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 2.0 1.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.5 2.4 2.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.4 2.2 3.5

Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.6 2.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 3.9 4.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.6 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.4 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 0.9 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.7 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 0.5 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 0.9 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.4 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.6 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.3 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.2 0.6 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.4 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.5 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.7 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 0.9 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.5 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.3 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 1.0 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.0 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 1.4 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 2.0 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.3 1.3 1.9

Hospitals .................................................... 2.6 1.9 2.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 1.2 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.3 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.0 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.6 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.7 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.9 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.7

New England ..................................................... 1.6 1.3 4.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.8

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.6 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 0.8 3.5

West South Central ........................................... 0.9 0.5 2.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.5 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.5 2.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 1.2 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.1 0.5 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 0.7 2.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 0.7 2.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft freeze3

All Hard freeze4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 54 38 1 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 48 44 2 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 50 36 2 12

Professional and related .................................... 47 47 1 5

Teachers ........................................................ 45 55 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 45 54 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 56 30 – –

Service ................................................................... 56 40 1 3

Protective service .............................................. 48 51 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 55 35 1 9

Sales and related ............................................... 62 20 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 53 37 1 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 71 24 1 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 84 14 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 56 36 3 5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 61 28 2 9

Production ......................................................... 49 33 3 15

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 24 2 5

Full time ................................................................. 53 39 2 7

Part time ................................................................ 66 30 – –

Union ..................................................................... 59 39 5 ( ) 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 50 37 2 11

Average wage within the following categories:6

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 62 32 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 69 28 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 58 33 2 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 55 36 1 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 50 42 2 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 47 43 2 8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 57 28 3 13

Service-providing industries .................................. 53 40 1 6

Education and health services ........................... 48 47 1 4

Educational services ...................................... 44 55 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 44 55 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 43 56 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 58 29 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 56 29 – –

Public administration ......................................... 42 57 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft freeze3

All Hard freeze4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 35 1 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 55 34 1 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 58 37 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 53 39 2 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 57 34 3 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 50 42 1 7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 51 40 1 8

New England ..................................................... 54 38 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 51 40 1 8

South ..................................................................... 55 39 1 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 61 32 2 5

East South Central ............................................ 46 50 – –

West South Central ........................................... 49 45 1 5

Midwest ................................................................. 60 29 2 8

East North Central ............................................. 62 27 – –

West North Central ............................................ 55 35 – –

West ...................................................................... 47 44 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 53 40 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 45 46 – –

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans open to new participants. 3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 5 Less than 0.5. 6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft freeze3

All Hard freeze4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.5 0.5 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.9 2.6 0.8 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.6 0.4 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.9 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 2.2 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 6.8 4.6 – –

Service ................................................................... 2.2 2.0 0.3 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 2.9 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 5.4 3.4 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 2.0 0.4 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.8 1.8 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.0 2.9 0.8 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.6 2.6 0.5 1.9

Production ......................................................... 4.2 4.4 0.8 4.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 2.6 0.5 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 2.3 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.3 0.1 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.5 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.0 2.7 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 7.7 7.8 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.2 0.4 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.2 1.0 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.8 3.2 0.8 2.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 1.8 0.3 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.4 3.7 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 3.6 2.7 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.4 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft freeze3

All Hard freeze4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.7 0.4 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 2.5 0.5 1.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 2.4 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 1.8 0.9 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 1.9 0.3 0.8

New England ..................................................... 3.9 3.8 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.8 2.2 0.4 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.9 0.3 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.0 2.8 0.5 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.3 2.6 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 2.0 0.5 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 1.7 0.6 2.3

East North Central ............................................. 3.1 1.7 – –

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 3.6 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.5 2.3 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 3.8 3.9 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.1 2.9 – –

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans open to new participants. 3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

civilian workers,2 March 2017

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 4 ( ) 25 75

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 ( ) 27 73

Management, business, and financial ............... 4 ( ) 22 78

Professional and related .................................... 4 ( ) 28 72

Teachers ........................................................ – – 69

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 31 69

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 72

Service ................................................................... – – 67

Protective service .............................................. – – 69

Sales and office ..................................................... 4 ( ) 23 77

Sales and related ............................................... – 8 92

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 25 75

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 73

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 72

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 73

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 89

Production ......................................................... – – 90

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 87

Full time ................................................................. 4 ( ) 25 75

Part time ................................................................ 4 ( ) 29 71

Union ..................................................................... 1 29 70

Nonunion ............................................................... 4 ( ) 22 78

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 81

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 76

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 ( ) 26 74

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 ( ) 26 74

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4 ( ) 27 73

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – – 87

Service-providing industries .................................. 4 ( ) 27 73

Education and health services ........................... – – 69

Educational services ...................................... 4 ( ) 30 70

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 30 70

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1 29 70

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 67

Hospitals .................................................... – – 78

Public administration ......................................... – – 66

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 69

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 66

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 27 73

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 ( ) 23 77

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 76

500 workers or more .......................................... 4 ( ) 22 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 21 79

New England ..................................................... – 38 62

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 16 84

South ..................................................................... – – 80

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 82

East South Central ............................................ – 46 54

West South Central ........................................... – 10 90

Midwest ................................................................. – – 82

East North Central ............................................. – – 86

West North Central ............................................ – – 75

West ...................................................................... 1 42 57

Mountain ............................................................ – – 80

Pacific ................................................................ 1 49 50

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2016 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2012 and 2015 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2012 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2017

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 1.1 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.1 1.5 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.1 2.1 2.1

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 1.7 1.7

Teachers ........................................................ – – 2.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 2.7 2.7

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 6.8

Service ................................................................... – – 2.5

Protective service .............................................. – – 3.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.2 1.5 1.5

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.1 2.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.2 1.5 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 3.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 5.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 4.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 2.0

Production ......................................................... – – 2.9

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 2.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 1.1 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 0.1 4.0 4.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 1.5 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.1 1.5 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 4.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.2 2.0 2.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.4 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.1 1.9 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – – 2.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.2 1.2

Education and health services ........................... – – 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 5 ( ) 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.0 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.1 1.9 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 6.4

Hospitals .................................................... – – 4.7

Public administration ......................................... – – 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 2.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 4.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 2.5 2.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 1.2 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 2.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.1 1.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.3 1.3

New England ..................................................... – 4.2 4.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.3 1.3

South ..................................................................... – – 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 1.8

East South Central ............................................ – 5.0 5.0

West South Central ........................................... – 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. – – 3.0

East North Central ............................................. – – 4.1

West North Central ............................................ – – 4.3

West ...................................................................... 0.3 3.2 3.2

Mountain ............................................................ – – 2.2

Pacific ................................................................ 0.2 4.4 4.4

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2016 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2012 and 2015 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2012 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 5 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March 2017

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

All workers ............................................................. 4 96 56 14 14 24 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 97 62 13 14 23 –

Management, business, and financial ............... 4 96 42 19 23 25 –

Professional and related .................................... 3 97 69 11 11 22 –

Registered nurses ......................................... 11 89 36 8 – 39 –

Service ................................................................... 2 98 76 7 6 22 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 7 93 47 14 19 26 –

Sales and related ............................................... 15 85 – – 37 37 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 95 52 14 16 25 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4 96 42 25 20 18 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7 93 26 20 16 37 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 5 95 41 17 9 33 –

Full time ................................................................. 4 96 56 14 15 25 –

Part time ................................................................ 10 90 60 – 6 19 –

Union ..................................................................... 1 99 75 12 5 21 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 6 94 43 15 20 27 –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 10 90 55 11 10 23 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 95 58 9 14 27 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 96 53 14 11 28 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 97 58 15 17 21 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 97 53 16 21 23 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 6 94 12 22 34 35 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 4 96 63 12 11 23 –

Education and health services ........................... 2 98 80 6 4 22 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 7 93 34 – 16 37 –

Public administration ......................................... – 100 89 8 – 20 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 96 55 15 12 23 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 97 48 16 14 23 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5 95 63 14 8 24 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 96 57 13 15 25 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 93 52 16 14 27 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 97 59 11 15 24 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4 96 61 8 13 26 –

New England ..................................................... 3 97 59 – 15 23 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4 96 61 8 12 27 –

South ..................................................................... 4 96 57 16 13 26 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 94 45 17 19 40 –

West South Central ........................................... 2 98 67 14 8 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95 48 16 13 27 –

East North Central ............................................. 6 94 47 14 12 32 –

West ...................................................................... 3 97 57 13 18 18 –

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97 54 14 19 19 –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March

2017

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.5 –

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 1.3 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.8 –

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.5 –

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.1 3.1 5.6 2.6 – 5.0 –

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.6 3.0 1.3 1.7 2.1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.0 –

Sales and related ............................................... 2.8 2.8 – – 5.4 4.3 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 0.9 2.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.8 4.1 3.7 3.6 2.5 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 2.3 3.5 2.3 2.0 3.2 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 1.6 5.0 3.6 2.4 5.3 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 –

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 1.7 4.0 – 2.2 2.9 –

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.7 1.5 0.7 1.5 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.4 –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.6 3.6 2.8 2.5 3.1 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 2.5 1.0 1.3 2.0 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.9 2.1 1.4 1.0 1.7 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.6 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.2 2.9 2.9 3.5 2.5 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.8 2.9 3.0 4.7 2.9 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 –

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7 2.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 2.1 4.8 – 3.9 4.2 –

Public administration ......................................... – 0.0 1.6 1.4 – 1.6 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.1 2.8 2.0 1.2 2.8 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 1.0 3.3 3.0 1.8 3.9 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 2.0 4.1 3.2 2.0 4.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.2 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.8 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.5 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.7 –

New England ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 5.3 – 4.3 4.9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.7 –

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.8 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.5 3.6 3.0 3.1 2.3 –

West South Central ........................................... 0.6 0.6 2.1 2.8 2.1 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.4 3.0 1.8 2.1 2.1 –

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.4 4.1 1.9 2.5 2.1 –

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.9 4.3 2.9 3.8 3.5 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1 5.2 3.6 4.9 4.2 –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 68 32 82 18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 32 84 16

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 30 85 15

Professional and related .................................... 67 33 84 16

Teachers ........................................................ 72 28 91 9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 78 22 95 5

Registered nurses ......................................... 62 38 80 20

Service ................................................................... 66 34 83 17

Protective service .............................................. 70 30 88 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 33 79 21

Sales and related ............................................... 68 32 74 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 67 33 81 19

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 65 35 81 19

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 53 47 74 26

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 73 27 86 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 71 29 84 16

Production ......................................................... 71 29 84 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 30 84 16

Full time ................................................................. 68 32 83 17

Part time ................................................................ 63 37 76 24

Union ..................................................................... 67 33 83 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 68 32 82 18

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 30 78 22

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 68 32 75 25

Second 25 percent ............................................ 67 33 81 19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 66 34 83 17

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 31 84 16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 30 85 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 65 35 80 20

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 32 83 17

Education and health services ........................... 63 37 83 17

Educational services ...................................... 68 32 89 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 74 26 92 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 65 35 86 14

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 38 81 19

Hospitals .................................................... 66 34 81 19

Public administration ......................................... 66 34 91 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 66 34 83 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 64 36 83 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 29 84 16

100 workers or more .............................................. 69 31 82 18

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 68 32 81 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 69 31 82 18

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 65 35 85 15

New England ..................................................... 67 33 85 15

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 64 36 85 15

South ..................................................................... 73 27 81 19

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 30 80 20

East South Central ............................................ 79 21 84 16

West South Central ........................................... 74 26 82 18

Midwest ................................................................. 65 35 81 19

East North Central ............................................. 63 37 82 18

West North Central ............................................ 67 33 80 20

West ...................................................................... 67 33 82 18

Mountain ............................................................ 68 32 85 15

Pacific ................................................................ 66 34 81 19

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 2.6 0.9 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.5 4.5 1.5 1.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.0

Service ................................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 3.6 3.6 1.9 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3

Production ......................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.3 3.3 2.4 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.2 4.2 1.1 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6

Hospitals .................................................... 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.8 2.8 1.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 3.9 3.9 2.9 2.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.3

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 2.2 3.4 3.4

West ...................................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.9 4.9 2.5 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2

March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 71 58 82 70 52 74

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 88 75 86 88 67 76

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 82 86 95 73 77

Professional and related .................................... 85 73 86 85 64 76

Teachers ........................................................ 84 73 87 84 63 75

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 95 82 86 95 70 74

Registered nurses ......................................... 86 72 83 86 63 73

Service ................................................................... 44 32 73 44 29 66

Protective service .............................................. 68 57 84 68 51 75

Sales and office ..................................................... 68 55 80 68 49 72

Sales and related ............................................... 55 41 75 54 37 69

Office and administrative support ...................... 77 63 82 76 55 73

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 74 62 84 74 59 79

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 68 58 86 67 56 83

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 81 66 82 81 62 77

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 76 61 81 75 56 74

Production ......................................................... 82 68 83 81 62 76

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 55 78 69 50 72

Full time ................................................................. 88 73 83 88 65 75

Part time ................................................................ 20 14 68 19 12 61

Union ..................................................................... 95 85 90 94 76 81

Nonunion ............................................................... 67 53 80 67 48 72

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 25 68 37 23 63

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 24 15 62 24 14 57

Second 25 percent ............................................ 75 59 79 75 53 72

Third 25 percent ................................................ 87 73 84 87 67 77

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 94 82 88 93 73 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 83 89 94 73 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 85 73 86 85 67 80

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 55 81 68 49 72

Education and health services ........................... 79 66 83 79 58 73

Educational services ...................................... 86 75 87 86 66 77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 88 75 86 88 66 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 80 89 90 72 80

Health care and social assistance ................. 75 59 79 75 52 70

Hospitals .................................................... 91 80 87 91 68 75

Public administration ......................................... 90 82 91 90 75 83

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 44 35 79 25 20 80 69 51 74

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 60 48 81 34 28 81 86 66 76

Management, business, and financial ............... 66 53 80 38 30 80 94 72 77

Professional and related .................................... 58 47 81 33 27 82 84 63 76

Teachers ........................................................ 53 43 81 30 24 81 81 62 76

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 58 47 82 33 27 82 91 68 75

Registered nurses ......................................... 62 48 78 33 26 80 85 62 73

Service ................................................................... 25 18 72 14 11 76 42 28 67

Protective service .............................................. 46 37 80 31 25 81 65 51 78

Sales and office ..................................................... 40 31 78 21 17 80 67 48 72

Sales and related ............................................... 27 20 73 15 12 81 53 37 69

Office and administrative support ...................... 48 38 79 25 20 80 75 55 73

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 40 32 81 25 21 83 73 58 79

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 32 28 88 22 20 92 66 55 82

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 47 36 77 28 22 76 79 60 77

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 46 36 79 27 21 79 74 55 74

Production ......................................................... 49 39 80 26 21 79 80 61 76

Transportation and material moving .................. 43 33 79 28 22 78 69 49 72

Full time ................................................................. 55 43 80 31 25 81 86 64 75

Part time ................................................................ 12 8 67 6 5 71 19 12 61

Union ..................................................................... 73 63 86 54 47 86 93 76 81

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 30 77 20 16 77 65 47 72

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 18 12 68 9 6 70 35 22 64

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10 6 63 7 4 62 23 13 58

Second 25 percent ............................................ 42 33 78 23 19 79 73 53 72

Third 25 percent ................................................ 55 45 80 32 26 82 85 65 77

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 55 82 41 33 82 92 72 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 71 57 81 43 36 83 93 72 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 52 44 83 32 27 84 84 66 80

Service-providing industries .................................. 42 33 78 24 19 79 67 49 73

Education and health services ........................... 52 41 79 27 22 82 77 56 73

Educational services ...................................... 55 45 81 32 25 80 85 65 77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 53 43 81 32 26 82 87 65 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 62 50 80 33 25 77 89 71 80

Health care and social assistance ................. 50 39 77 24 20 83 72 50 70

Hospitals .................................................... 69 54 78 34 29 84 91 69 76

Public administration ......................................... 60 53 88 42 38 88 89 74 84

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2

March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 57 44 77 57 41 71

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 53 40 76 53 37 71

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 55 79 70 50 72

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 71 84 84 63 75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 66 82 79 58 74

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 78 87 90 69 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 59 83 71 52 74

New England ..................................................... 70 57 81 70 49 70

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 60 84 71 53 75

South ..................................................................... 72 57 80 71 52 74

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 57 80 70 51 73

East South Central ............................................ 74 59 80 74 56 75

West South Central ........................................... 72 57 80 71 53 74

Midwest ................................................................. 71 56 79 71 50 70

East North Central ............................................. 71 55 78 70 49 70

West North Central ............................................ 71 57 81 71 50 71

West ...................................................................... 69 59 86 69 54 78

Mountain ............................................................ 69 58 84 68 52 76

Pacific ................................................................ 69 60 86 69 54 79

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 30 23 75 17 13 76 55 40 72

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 19 76 15 11 76 51 36 71

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 44 32 74 25 19 77 67 49 72

100 workers or more .............................................. 57 46 81 33 27 82 83 63 75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 51 40 80 28 23 81 78 58 74

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 54 82 39 32 83 89 69 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 49 39 81 26 22 82 70 51 74

New England ..................................................... 46 37 79 13 10 79 68 48 70

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 40 81 31 26 83 70 53 75

South ..................................................................... 37 28 75 20 15 76 69 51 74

South Atlantic .................................................... 41 31 77 22 17 76 68 50 74

East South Central ............................................ 32 25 76 16 13 79 73 55 75

West South Central ........................................... 34 25 72 17 13 76 70 52 74

Midwest ................................................................. 44 35 78 24 19 78 69 49 70

East North Central ............................................. 44 34 78 26 20 79 69 49 70

West North Central ............................................ 46 36 79 20 15 75 70 49 71

West ...................................................................... 50 41 82 34 28 84 68 53 78

Mountain ............................................................ 44 37 83 25 21 82 67 52 77

Pacific ................................................................ 53 43 81 38 32 84 69 54 78

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

civilian workers,2 March 2017

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 2.0 0.6 2.2 1.7 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 2.0 0.6 2.2 2.1 1.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.8 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.4 1.8

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 3.4 4.3 3.5 3.4 3.9 3.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.3 0.6 1.6 1.5 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.4 0.7 1.6 1.4 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.9 2.3 1.1 2.9 2.3 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.8

Production ......................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.1 2.1 2.2 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.4 2.6 1.8 1.4 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.6 1.4 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.0 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.4 2.3 1.2 2.5 2.1 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.5

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.6 2.4 1.9 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.6 2.3 1.2 2.3 1.8 2.1 3.0 2.5 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.2 2.8 1.8 4.5 3.4 4.9 1.7 2.5 1.9

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.2 0.8 2.8 1.5 1.2 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.5 3.4 5.2 3.0 2.2 6.9 4.3 4.0 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 2.5 1.3 1.1 2.5 1.9 1.4 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.5 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.4 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.9 2.3 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.8

Production ......................................................... 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.3 2.1 2.2 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.2 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.6 2.3 0.5 0.4 2.8 1.0 0.7 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.7 2.0 0.7 0.5 3.0 1.3 0.9 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.1 5.8 1.1 0.8 7.6 1.9 1.4 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.4 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.0 1.2 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.3 2.7 1.3 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.3

Hospitals .................................................... 2.5 2.2 1.3 2.5 2.4 1.9 0.8 1.4 1.5

Public administration ......................................... 2.4 2.1 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 1.9 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.2

New England ..................................................... 1.7 2.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.5 1.1 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.2 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 3.6 3.1 1.3 3.8 2.6 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 3.1 1.0 3.4 2.6 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.7 1.2 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.7 0.6 1.8 1.4 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 3.6 2.4 1.2 3.6 2.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.5 1.6 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 2.0 0.8 2.0 2.2 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0

New England ..................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.5 1.9 1.6 3.4 1.6 2.0 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.6 0.9 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.1 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 4.3 3.2 2.1 2.5 1.6 3.5 3.8 2.7 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.8 3.5 2.7 0.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.4 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.2 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.4 0.9 2.2 1.5 1.3 2.0 1.5 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 3.9 3.1 1.6 3.5 2.3 2.4 3.6 2.1 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.6 2.5 0.9 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.5 1.4 2.0 2.1 0.9

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 80 20 68 32

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 19 69 31

Management, business, and financial ............... 80 20 70 30

Professional and related .................................... 82 18 68 32

Teachers ........................................................ 84 16 65 35

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 84 16 64 36

Registered nurses ......................................... 80 20 70 30

Service ................................................................... 80 20 65 35

Protective service .............................................. 87 13 77 23

Sales and office ..................................................... 79 21 66 34

Sales and related ............................................... 77 23 63 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 80 20 67 33

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 20 68 32

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 80 20 68 32

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 80 20 68 32

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 20 72 28

Production ......................................................... 79 21 73 27

Transportation and material moving .................. 80 20 71 29

Full time ................................................................. 80 20 68 32

Part time ................................................................ 78 22 63 37

Union ..................................................................... 87 13 80 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 21 65 35

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 23 60 40

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 75 25 57 43

Second 25 percent ............................................ 80 20 67 33

Third 25 percent ................................................ 81 19 70 30

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 81 19 71 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 81 19 73 27

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 80 20 72 28

Service-providing industries .................................. 80 20 67 33

Education and health services ........................... 82 18 65 35

Educational services ...................................... 84 16 66 34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 84 16 64 36

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 84 16 70 30

Health care and social assistance ................. 80 20 65 35

Hospitals .................................................... 83 17 73 27

Public administration ......................................... 88 12 77 23

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 21 64 36

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 79 21 65 35

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 22 64 36

100 workers or more .............................................. 81 19 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 20 67 33

500 workers or more .......................................... 83 17 74 26

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 82 18 74 26

New England ..................................................... 78 22 73 27

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 83 17 74 26

South ..................................................................... 80 20 64 36

South Atlantic .................................................... 79 21 66 34

East South Central ............................................ 81 19 66 34

West South Central ........................................... 79 21 61 39

Midwest ................................................................. 79 21 69 31

East North Central ............................................. 79 21 70 30

West North Central ............................................ 80 20 68 32

West ...................................................................... 81 19 69 31

Mountain ............................................................ 79 21 66 34

Pacific ................................................................ 82 18 70 30

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6

Service ................................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

Hospitals .................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

New England ..................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

South ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

West ...................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $453.93 16 $568.50 84 $432.08 $130.46

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 467.79 16 555.17 84 451.15 128.13

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 444.67 12 544.41 88 430.51 126.60

Professional and related .................................... 100 478.45 18 558.67 82 461.27 128.88

Teachers ........................................................ 100 512.82 21 563.99 79 498.94 136.27

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 510.17 24 552.38 76 497.13 142.90

Registered nurses ......................................... 100 461.79 15 549.75 85 445.64 127.05

Service ................................................................... 100 454.90 17 572.72 83 429.86 130.80

Protective service .............................................. 100 544.95 22 553.48 78 542.46 106.56

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 440.57 14 596.18 86 415.58 130.62

Sales and related ............................................... 100 410.49 9 657.77 91 385.87 129.39

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 452.68 16 581.92 84 428.50 131.16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 445.44 22 564.55 78 414.70 141.42

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 450.88 30 577.04 70 404.42 151.43

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 441.04 16 546.81 84 421.88 134.42

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 442.22 16 566.53 84 419.16 130.19

Production ......................................................... 100 429.96 14 511.41 86 417.62 128.01

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 456.32 19 611.51 81 421.05 132.86

Full time ................................................................. 100 453.52 16 556.55 84 434.20 129.96

Part time ................................................................ 100 460.76 20 726.42 80 395.11 139.20

Union ..................................................................... 100 552.33 33 620.16 67 520.01 129.95

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 428.22 12 531.48 88 414.44 130.56

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 422.83 15 622.75 85 387.78 140.55

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 416.24 14 764.87 86 359.46 139.86

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 438.85 15 552.15 85 418.42 129.81

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 461.12 17 553.37 83 442.78 128.71

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 471.33 17 573.95 83 451.03 128.43

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 467.53 17 567.73 83 448.20 131.61

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 435.31 17 528.78 83 417.91 132.85

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 458.18 16 577.33 84 435.32 129.91

Education and health services ........................... 100 485.80 16 567.69 84 470.36 129.20

Educational services ...................................... 100 511.13 20 567.25 80 497.08 129.47

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 508.04 23 550.81 77 495.19 135.83

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 521.09 14 605.08 86 507.84 116.91

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 464.38 12 568.28 88 449.76 129.00

Hospitals .................................................... 100 490.25 13 552.68 87 480.93 115.85

Public administration ......................................... 100 570.63 22 584.88 78 566.48 101.13

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 $435.47 17 $545.82 83 $413.38 $138.36

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 434.77 19 544.99 81 409.54 138.36

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 436.87 13 548.21 87 420.54 138.37

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 465.75 16 584.03 84 443.89 125.47

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 455.49 14 620.42 86 427.66 129.97

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 476.43 17 551.46 83 461.28 120.65

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 479.36 20 576.03 80 455.97 133.40

New England ..................................................... 100 456.39 12 584.72 88 439.80 148.21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 486.36 22 574.65 78 461.57 128.27

South ..................................................................... 100 441.44 15 557.61 85 421.50 129.15

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 451.75 12 581.55 88 433.84 130.06

East South Central ............................................ 100 441.66 15 517.34 85 428.99 120.63

West South Central ........................................... 100 424.90 19 549.10 81 396.11 132.26

Midwest ................................................................. 100 445.88 13 584.11 87 425.72 132.66

East North Central ............................................. 100 451.45 12 600.59 88 431.99 134.77

West North Central ............................................ 100 434.13 16 557.75 84 411.90 128.02

West ...................................................................... 100 460.70 19 564.93 81 436.89 127.93

Mountain ............................................................ 100 433.59 15 549.71 85 413.42 126.41

Pacific ................................................................ 100 473.55 21 570.17 79 448.81 128.69

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $3.05 0.5 $6.68 0.5 $2.84 $1.18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.99 1.0 7.49 1.0 5.08 2.01

Management, business, and financial ............... 5.76 1.0 14.15 1.0 5.50 2.60

Professional and related .................................... 5.63 1.2 6.74 1.2 6.18 2.56

Teachers ........................................................ 5.33 1.5 8.02 1.5 6.74 5.99

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 7.84 1.9 9.51 1.9 10.04 7.35

Registered nurses ......................................... 12.80 3.4 16.83 3.4 14.44 3.90

Service ................................................................... 9.21 1.9 20.60 1.9 10.50 4.58

Protective service .............................................. 7.61 2.7 14.69 2.7 10.99 3.98

Sales and office ..................................................... 4.59 0.9 14.09 0.9 3.46 1.84

Sales and related ............................................... 7.24 1.1 38.10 1.1 5.52 2.80

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.41 1.1 14.75 1.1 3.89 2.80

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.52 2.1 13.10 2.1 7.05 3.60

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 10.71 4.1 20.02 4.1 11.48 6.41

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 7.68 2.3 18.39 2.3 6.91 3.88

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.93 1.4 19.57 1.4 5.41 2.48

Production ......................................................... 8.17 1.5 16.08 1.5 8.23 3.11

Transportation and material moving .................. 8.67 2.0 25.13 2.0 6.64 3.28

Full time ................................................................. 3.05 0.5 6.36 0.5 2.84 1.18

Part time ................................................................ 15.30 1.9 30.59 1.9 13.53 5.78

Union ..................................................................... 5.32 1.5 13.50 1.5 4.51 2.48

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.32 0.5 8.30 0.5 3.10 1.32

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9.16 1.1 28.36 1.1 9.86 4.89

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18.11 2.0 56.71 2.0 14.29 10.24

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.57 0.8 9.46 0.8 3.24 2.01

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.88 0.7 8.87 0.7 3.66 1.60

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4.34 1.0 6.16 1.0 4.43 1.98

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6.08 1.3 9.53 1.3 6.38 2.88

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 5.63 1.4 13.13 1.4 4.77 2.67

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.51 0.5 7.61 0.5 3.32 1.30

Education and health services ........................... 6.15 1.0 8.76 1.0 6.95 3.01

Educational services ...................................... 3.78 1.0 6.44 1.0 4.83 4.34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.63 1.3 8.28 1.3 7.28 5.81

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7.23 1.8 24.39 1.8 7.81 3.79

Health care and social assistance ................. 10.32 1.8 18.80 1.8 10.99 4.14

Hospitals .................................................... 11.03 1.9 15.42 1.9 12.39 2.32

Public administration ......................................... 5.77 1.4 8.53 1.4 7.39 2.53

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $4.75 0.8 $9.76 0.8 $4.60 $2.37

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.07 1.1 11.36 1.1 5.81 2.80

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.96 1.1 17.81 1.1 6.31 3.96

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.38 0.7 9.26 0.7 3.14 1.18

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.79 1.1 14.17 1.1 3.94 1.62

500 workers or more .......................................... 4.18 0.9 8.98 0.9 4.42 1.76

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6.08 0.9 7.81 0.9 7.23 2.21

New England ..................................................... 9.75 1.9 45.36 1.9 9.57 4.25

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 8.91 1.2 9.17 1.2 9.99 2.67

South ..................................................................... 5.60 0.7 12.17 0.7 5.09 2.03

South Atlantic .................................................... 9.45 1.1 21.90 1.1 8.62 2.63

East South Central ............................................ 9.63 1.3 31.84 1.3 7.48 3.88

West South Central ........................................... 7.36 1.4 12.07 1.4 6.14 4.24

Midwest ................................................................. 4.98 1.2 17.47 1.2 4.34 2.27

East North Central ............................................. 5.95 1.4 13.35 1.4 5.64 2.98

West North Central ............................................ 9.82 2.1 44.05 2.1 6.85 2.96

West ...................................................................... 6.83 1.4 14.29 1.4 5.90 2.67

Mountain ............................................................ 14.64 1.1 19.63 1.1 14.52 3.04

Pacific ................................................................ 7.22 2.0 17.85 2.0 4.91 3.74

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 69 17 12 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 66 19 12 3

Management, business, and financial ............... 71 17 10 2

Professional and related .................................... 64 20 13 3

Teachers ........................................................ 65 25 7 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 67 23 6 4

Registered nurses ......................................... 60 21 17 2

Service ................................................................... 74 16 8 2

Protective service .............................................. 69 19 4 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 66 23 10 2

Sales and related ............................................... 60 30 10 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 20 10 2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 10 16 1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 74 9 15 1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 72 11 17 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 75 10 13 1

Production ......................................................... 80 9 10 1

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 12 17 2

Full time ................................................................. 69 17 12 2

Part time ................................................................ 59 26 11 4

Union ..................................................................... 70 13 12 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 69 18 12 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 18 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 82 12 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 68 19 12 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 70 16 12 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 17 12 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 68 18 11 3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 76 10 13 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 67 19 11 2

Education and health services ........................... 65 21 10 3

Educational services ...................................... 64 27 6 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 67 22 7 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 36 6 1

Health care and social assistance ................. 67 17 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 57 25 15 2

Public administration ......................................... 64 21 7 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 73 13 12 2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 12 13 2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 14 10 1

100 workers or more .............................................. 66 21 11 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 18 11 2

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 23 12 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 69 17 11 3

New England ..................................................... 77 13 9 1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 67 18 12 3

South ..................................................................... 69 20 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 65 23 – –

East South Central ............................................ 75 19 – –

West South Central ........................................... 71 16 12 5 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 70 15 14 1

East North Central ............................................. 71 14 14 1

West North Central ............................................ 70 16 14 1

West ...................................................................... 67 16 13 4

Mountain ............................................................ 64 21 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 68 14 13 5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 5 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 2.1 0.9 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.6 2.3 1.0 0.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.5 2.6 2.9 0.7

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.3 1.0 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 3.1 1.7 0.9 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 1.6 1.6 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 1.1 1.9 0.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.1 2.0 3.3 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 1.2 2.1 0.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.0 1.4 0.3

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.3 1.6 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.6 1.4 2.2 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.2 1.8 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.4 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.4 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 2.8 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 2.2 1.3 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.4 1.5 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.5 0.7 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.7 0.8 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.2 1.1 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 2.2 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 3.3 3.1 2.0 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 1.4 1.3 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.0 1.2 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 1.7 2.0 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 1.5 1.2 0.6

New England ..................................................... 2.2 1.9 1.8 0.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.6 1.8 1.4 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.3 – –

East South Central ............................................ 3.1 1.5 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 1.4 1.7 5 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.8 1.6 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.0 2.0 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 3.5 1.4 2.4 0.5

West ...................................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.9 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 4.0 3.5 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.7 1.7 0.6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 5 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,074.50 8 $1,437.26 92 $1,043.22 $533.48

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,094.39 6 1,387.97 94 1,075.20 522.31

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 1,106.58 5 1,401.44 95 1,091.44 490.42

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,088.76 7 1,383.45 93 1,067.56 537.30

Teachers ........................................................ 100 1,029.37 6 1,438.28 94 1,002.55 567.90

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 1,002.61 7 1,440.35 93 967.79 594.77

Registered nurses ......................................... 100 1,154.54 8 1,515.92 92 1,121.83 528.69

Service ................................................................... 100 1,032.00 10 1,503.15 90 981.59 567.15

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,263.42 10 1,508.18 90 1,234.83 404.33

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,018.78 6 1,403.67 94 994.21 549.28

Sales and related ............................................... 100 959.55 5 1,434.40 95 933.01 560.52

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,042.64 6 1,393.24 94 1,019.12 544.70

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,072.31 15 1,461.25 85 1,014.33 579.50

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 1,047.97 22 1,521.09 78 941.05 610.40

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 1,091.47 9 1,361.14 91 1,065.85 557.77

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,137.74 11 1,474.43 89 1,094.69 489.38

Production ......................................................... 100 1,144.21 9 1,462.51 91 1,110.29 456.17

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 1,130.31 13 1,484.35 87 1,076.00 529.19

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,078.03 8 1,430.54 92 1,049.34 526.62

Part time ................................................................ 100 1,014.54 15 1,494.82 85 930.30 660.11

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,333.59 25 1,509.72 75 1,277.30 459.41

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 1,007.15 4 1,314.22 96 995.34 548.64

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 914.38 8 1,410.38 92 872.77 636.49

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 835.30 8 1,395.78 92 786.69 638.89

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,029.99 7 1,392.78 93 1,001.35 544.17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,106.64 8 1,442.91 92 1,076.58 518.16

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,141.92 9 1,471.84 91 1,112.27 498.62

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,164.57 9 1,430.78 91 1,140.93 484.27

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 1,136.29 11 1,452.80 89 1,100.29 486.37

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,060.44 7 1,432.40 93 1,030.62 543.88

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,058.77 6 1,461.99 94 1,031.28 577.73

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,050.07 6 1,484.64 94 1,020.92 549.43

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 1,001.51 8 1,468.72 92 961.07 588.64

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,139.84 3 1,477.74 97 1,129.39 477.02

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,066.27 6 1,443.03 94 1,040.22 602.17

Hospitals .................................................... 100 1,222.95 7 1,521.09 93 1,200.35 474.53

Public administration ......................................... 100 1,252.79 8 1,484.91 92 1,233.68 402.03

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 $1,003.03 8 $1,367.64 92 $973.23 $589.87

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 990.75 9 1,339.17 91 958.60 588.29

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 1,027.33 6 1,449.69 94 1,001.34 592.91

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,119.30 8 1,477.60 92 1,087.39 497.90

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,058.46 6 1,489.40 94 1,029.65 539.84

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,182.16 10 1,470.08 90 1,149.62 452.70

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,193.59 13 1,464.18 87 1,152.25 483.76

New England ..................................................... 100 1,178.23 7 1,453.60 93 1,158.70 477.02

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,198.42 15 1,465.61 85 1,150.01 486.10

South ..................................................................... 100 993.56 5 1,453.79 95 970.37 564.33

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 1,039.09 5 1,471.89 95 1,014.21 557.18

East South Central ............................................ 100 978.60 6 1,400.74 94 952.99 518.22

West South Central ........................................... 100 929.57 3 1,454.61 97 911.60 598.71

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,097.50 8 1,393.12 92 1,074.29 520.19

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,114.00 7 1,402.42 93 1,092.07 511.03

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,063.08 8 1,375.36 92 1,036.93 539.43

West ...................................................................... 100 1,082.60 9 1,426.92 91 1,047.61 534.50

Mountain ............................................................ 100 995.47 7 1,358.88 93 966.15 544.03

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,123.98 10 1,450.91 90 1,087.41 529.85

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $7.33 0.4 $19.16 0.4 $8.08 $4.50

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11.67 0.6 28.87 0.6 12.39 6.73

Management, business, and financial ............... 14.45 0.7 35.81 0.7 14.47 10.68

Professional and related .................................... 13.83 0.8 35.47 0.8 14.74 7.96

Teachers ........................................................ 13.32 0.9 32.05 0.9 15.31 17.74

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 17.82 1.2 30.35 1.2 20.49 19.69

Registered nurses ......................................... 37.61 2.4 63.67 2.4 40.81 22.58

Service ................................................................... 25.60 1.8 47.84 1.8 28.10 15.52

Protective service .............................................. 24.71 2.3 59.12 2.3 24.14 8.42

Sales and office ..................................................... 10.64 0.7 26.69 0.7 11.21 7.07

Sales and related ............................................... 18.25 1.0 52.54 1.0 19.17 14.56

Office and administrative support ...................... 13.25 0.7 29.54 0.7 13.53 9.96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15.00 1.7 44.75 1.7 17.96 12.19

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 24.21 3.9 49.81 3.9 28.69 18.34

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 18.67 1.6 89.72 1.6 21.04 15.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 19.44 1.2 27.51 1.2 19.97 10.11

Production ......................................................... 29.59 1.4 41.57 1.4 30.60 9.67

Transportation and material moving .................. 21.28 1.8 38.83 1.8 21.09 18.89

Full time ................................................................. 7.31 0.4 21.12 0.4 8.12 4.87

Part time ................................................................ 31.05 2.0 18.44 2.0 33.44 18.52

Union ..................................................................... 11.52 1.5 20.13 1.5 12.97 7.66

Nonunion ............................................................... 8.50 0.3 29.37 0.3 8.65 5.01

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 25.09 1.0 33.11 1.0 24.95 13.41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 41.20 1.3 24.25 1.3 41.44 31.82

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11.57 0.7 42.85 0.7 11.47 9.32

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10.30 0.7 27.09 0.7 10.79 6.54

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 9.73 0.7 22.14 0.7 10.54 6.21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 13.44 1.0 29.00 1.0 14.66 7.95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 17.64 1.4 29.82 1.4 18.37 7.70

Service-providing industries .................................. 8.03 0.4 23.26 0.4 9.01 5.28

Education and health services ........................... 16.56 0.8 25.84 0.8 17.76 10.14

Educational services ...................................... 11.53 0.8 30.21 0.8 13.60 12.73

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 15.18 1.0 26.39 1.0 18.18 14.51

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14.47 0.9 68.99 0.9 15.31 14.92

Health care and social assistance ................. 29.70 1.4 44.21 1.4 31.33 14.73

Hospitals .................................................... 31.69 1.6 34.86 1.6 33.05 12.34

Public administration ......................................... 10.89 0.7 45.82 0.7 13.10 7.76

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $12.65 0.7 $34.42 0.7 $13.37 $9.15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 13.41 0.8 42.36 0.8 13.79 9.68

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 22.45 0.8 50.23 0.8 23.51 17.96

100 workers or more .............................................. 7.73 0.6 17.18 0.6 8.39 4.98

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 12.67 0.7 23.62 0.7 11.84 8.79

500 workers or more .......................................... 9.10 0.8 26.09 0.8 10.35 5.24

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 12.57 1.1 37.44 1.1 19.52 7.50

New England ..................................................... 30.62 1.3 72.65 1.3 33.61 17.77

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 15.61 1.5 41.36 1.5 25.64 7.93

South ..................................................................... 14.17 0.6 29.13 0.6 14.64 8.18

South Atlantic .................................................... 20.52 1.0 43.94 1.0 21.00 11.24

East South Central ............................................ 39.85 1.6 41.25 1.6 45.17 7.67

West South Central ........................................... 21.78 0.8 40.75 0.8 21.25 17.66

Midwest ................................................................. 10.46 1.0 54.54 1.0 10.19 10.14

East North Central ............................................. 13.11 1.3 58.51 1.3 11.72 11.77

West North Central ............................................ 16.99 1.3 115.97 1.3 19.32 17.91

West ...................................................................... 15.95 0.9 27.59 0.9 17.48 8.73

Mountain ............................................................ 27.31 0.9 71.71 0.9 36.07 16.60

Pacific ................................................................ 19.46 1.2 29.60 1.2 19.27 10.06

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 69 17 12 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 18 12 3

Management, business, and financial ............... 71 16 11 2

Professional and related .................................... 66 18 12 3

Teachers ........................................................ 68 22 8 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 71 19 7 3

Registered nurses ......................................... 62 20 17 2

Service ................................................................... 73 16 9 2

Protective service .............................................. 72 16 5 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 65 22 11 2

Sales and related ............................................... 57 30 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 19 11 2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 10 16 1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 74 9 15 1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 73 11 16 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 76 10 14 1

Production ......................................................... 80 9 11 4 ( )

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 11 17 2

Full time ................................................................. 70 16 12 2

Part time ................................................................ 59 25 11 4

Union ..................................................................... 70 12 12 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 69 18 12 1

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 17 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 83 11 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 69 18 12 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 71 15 12 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 17 12 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 68 18 11 3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 77 10 13 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 18 12 2

Education and health services ........................... 67 20 10 3

Educational services ...................................... 67 23 7 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 70 19 7 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 60 32 7 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 67 17 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 58 25 15 3

Public administration ......................................... 67 19 6 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 73 12 13 2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 72 12 15 2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 13 11 2

100 workers or more .............................................. 67 19 11 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 71 17 10 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 22 12 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 70 16 11 3

New England ..................................................... 78 12 8 1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 67 18 12 4

South ..................................................................... 71 18 10 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 22 – –

East South Central ............................................ 76 17 – –

West South Central ........................................... 73 13 13 4 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 70 14 14 1

East North Central ............................................. 71 14 14 1

West North Central ............................................ 68 15 16 1

West ...................................................................... 66 17 13 4

Mountain ............................................................ 64 22 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 67 14 14 5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.8 1.0 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 1.9 1.1 0.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.9 2.4 2.2 0.6

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 1.5 0.9 1.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.6 1.7 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 1.2 1.9 0.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.3 2.0 3.3 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.7 1.3 2.0 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 0.9 1.3 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.0 1.3 1.6 0.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 1.3 2.0 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.2 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 2.6 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.0 1.1 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 1.3 1.4 0.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.0 1.2 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.1 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 3.1 2.4 2.0 1.4

Public administration ......................................... 2.0 1.3 1.0 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.0 1.3 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 1.6 1.8 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 1.3 1.1 0.7

New England ..................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.6 0.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 1.6 1.4 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.1 – –

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 1.3 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 1.4 2.1 5 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.9 1.8 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.1 2.1 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 4.2 1.3 3.3 0.5

West ...................................................................... 1.8 2.1 1.7 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 3.1 3.4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 2.6 1.7 0.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 5 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, civilian workers,1 March

2017

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $40.00 $74.40 $116.08 $163.10 $231.83 $191.73 $292.61 $442.70 $685.00 $1024.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 36.92 68.34 111.31 161.03 231.83 180.00 289.40 436.00 661.22 1021.27

Management, business, and financial ............... 40.00 70.81 113.86 162.53 227.50 167.09 284.06 433.33 624.81 924.00

Professional and related .................................... 35.00 66.00 110.50 158.18 231.83 183.97 289.40 445.17 682.39 1078.79

Teachers ........................................................ 32.42 60.00 102.70 166.49 261.00 166.66 290.77 487.34 764.49 1086.42

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 32.63 60.00 104.70 173.34 276.80 155.00 306.56 519.00 844.00 1120.79

Registered nurses ......................................... 40.00 69.81 110.39 165.38 275.00 192.50 263.00 429.00 721.36 1086.42

Service ................................................................... 37.66 75.82 114.65 178.84 238.11 199.75 313.50 515.47 783.00 1089.27

Protective service .............................................. 30.95 52.52 93.00 129.00 203.99 177.94 242.67 353.00 531.20 662.90

Sales and office ..................................................... 44.79 79.35 123.22 162.53 221.70 209.20 309.00 456.50 687.72 1027.70

Sales and related ............................................... 54.92 85.23 126.00 161.94 215.00 217.90 298.63 433.54 640.18 998.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 38.00 75.00 122.73 163.08 229.65 205.59 312.00 459.60 712.64 1038.85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 43.33 75.55 125.00 182.64 252.68 198.00 298.00 478.08 765.69 1101.56

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 43.40 80.49 137.05 191.41 261.73 217.90 337.00 503.30 794.20 1015.84

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 43.33 73.62 121.33 167.03 240.74 186.00 287.41 434.75 699.47 1204.66

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 44.29 78.51 116.02 158.25 210.40 167.51 274.48 379.90 581.00 923.72

Production ......................................................... 43.33 75.01 115.83 156.53 210.40 159.75 257.66 370.36 547.63 850.45

Transportation and material moving .................. 45.62 84.50 117.00 163.10 212.11 198.00 281.67 405.00 629.53 998.00

Full time ................................................................. 40.00 74.00 116.00 162.50 230.65 188.30 289.48 439.17 678.16 1020.45

Part time ................................................................ – 90.11 123.44 199.33 258.30 241.12 358.84 534.46 783.00 1106.41

Union ..................................................................... 36.19 72.89 108.40 157.91 214.00 159.72 242.67 365.94 559.53 896.39

Nonunion ............................................................... 40.00 75.00 117.00 164.15 234.95 196.78 303.34 458.42 712.64 1051.65

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 50.00 85.00 123.00 178.84 275.18 224.16 348.98 537.41 852.86 1098.00

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 44.29 85.00 119.60 201.07 259.44 248.91 353.00 546.74 896.00 1123.28

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40.00 75.00 116.08 159.40 226.40 199.40 300.00 452.67 722.30 1086.42

Third 25 percent ................................................ 37.66 71.50 112.02 162.53 226.62 183.97 281.67 437.04 641.87 970.06

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 38.76 70.00 114.85 161.94 225.44 177.50 279.32 416.00 614.26 948.14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 42.51 76.00 116.08 162.53 231.15 174.19 280.06 403.30 584.00 948.14

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 43.33 74.00 116.08 161.94 233.66 179.40 271.14 388.55 598.99 896.99

Service-providing industries .................................. 38.12 74.61 116.08 163.71 231.83 194.26 300.00 457.78 710.67 1053.00

Education and health services ........................... 35.00 68.36 105.33 163.32 256.75 205.59 310.76 507.15 818.67 1090.00

Educational services ...................................... 33.63 60.00 101.62 163.62 247.00 180.00 289.22 480.88 716.80 1040.79

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 31.00 59.24 100.00 166.72 270.00 166.66 306.23 538.82 835.00 1120.79

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 34.06 59.18 96.07 152.51 211.17 191.73 241.00 411.00 550.22 733.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 36.06 75.00 108.00 162.96 268.94 216.67 333.67 542.40 914.26 1106.41

Hospitals .................................................... 36.06 69.57 106.85 144.64 191.97 194.55 265.58 390.01 548.76 802.53

Public administration ......................................... 23.31 50.00 84.00 128.00 182.00 140.23 209.20 342.24 505.14 698.84

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $47.69 $83.60 $123.28 $169.03 $250.00 $210.00 $326.16 $487.50 $787.53 $1118.57

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 50.00 87.10 127.00 172.86 240.04 219.75 340.58 487.50 783.00 1110.81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 46.49 80.17 114.83 163.71 266.64 192.59 290.00 490.50 830.05 1200.58

100 workers or more .............................................. 37.00 67.17 111.28 158.06 221.50 180.00 274.48 414.00 623.51 948.14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 41.00 71.41 112.97 161.94 230.65 186.00 289.40 442.70 688.25 1015.84

500 workers or more .......................................... 34.16 62.18 108.35 154.31 205.14 160.10 253.50 384.18 545.29 765.60

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 50.00 81.25 118.00 166.49 229.65 167.51 278.39 391.75 553.58 894.37

New England ..................................................... 61.40 99.67 130.00 179.06 247.20 198.00 308.12 404.72 553.59 796.62

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 46.19 74.00 115.29 162.01 215.54 157.00 270.00 388.42 553.58 914.62

South ..................................................................... 35.00 72.10 117.70 164.37 235.63 196.78 306.56 480.88 744.90 1081.30

South Atlantic .................................................... 35.00 71.50 114.85 161.88 236.04 191.73 292.17 457.16 721.01 1047.10

East South Central ............................................ 30.00 61.06 108.33 153.22 229.97 184.17 291.36 414.00 685.00 1013.80

West South Central ........................................... 40.00 79.00 123.62 169.03 244.00 216.08 348.00 519.61 843.34 1106.41

Midwest ................................................................. 43.33 75.60 116.08 159.40 234.95 199.00 289.22 434.75 677.67 975.02

East North Central ............................................. 47.36 80.75 119.00 160.00 228.70 183.27 280.46 424.67 642.46 963.27

West North Central ............................................ 37.17 69.38 110.00 157.90 240.32 209.20 293.59 465.54 720.00 1043.70

West ...................................................................... 35.59 69.57 110.39 162.53 226.41 191.73 280.06 455.01 693.00 1033.49

Mountain ............................................................ 38.76 68.35 108.34 164.37 217.00 195.00 296.45 436.88 690.46 1024.00

Pacific ................................................................ 33.88 70.28 111.31 162.53 234.35 186.00 280.00 460.36 704.17 1033.49

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $1.35 $1.45 $0.70 $1.57 $5.01 $5.69 $6.16 $8.00 $8.05 $16.79

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.30 2.52 1.46 4.42 7.25 4.44 7.91 9.95 19.87 30.15

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.79 5.01 3.67 2.92 10.72 12.87 15.03 9.21 30.71 53.47

Professional and related .................................... 3.05 3.24 2.36 7.15 8.42 7.81 7.52 14.65 14.00 32.05

Teachers ........................................................ 3.29 6.00 3.36 4.65 14.24 22.36 14.97 10.28 49.69 10.75

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.73 8.19 3.30 9.16 17.18 20.19 11.75 35.57 58.00 46.64

Registered nurses ......................................... 5.85 8.22 6.23 11.45 29.13 28.28 32.32 42.22 46.00 51.81

Service ................................................................... 4.05 7.94 6.84 10.09 22.76 6.20 19.48 22.43 32.86 24.53

Protective service .............................................. 6.28 4.38 4.49 3.09 20.31 14.49 11.16 22.83 24.24 17.65

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.34 1.91 2.06 1.12 8.33 4.64 10.02 8.19 27.22 13.61

Sales and related ............................................... 4.39 3.65 4.88 5.49 9.45 7.35 14.50 15.41 43.06 97.28

Office and administrative support ...................... 5.77 3.76 2.25 1.66 12.55 5.42 10.29 7.24 29.06 29.15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.85 3.45 3.83 7.12 17.69 6.02 8.84 16.08 37.81 54.52

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 8.95 4.31 10.58 15.39 23.39 9.81 24.65 18.16 56.56 84.39

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.50 2.89 4.00 6.64 19.89 9.69 16.85 12.44 54.30 87.28

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.50 2.66 1.69 1.85 6.31 16.09 6.68 10.36 18.72 58.24

Production ......................................................... 5.11 2.39 3.19 4.67 14.85 6.45 13.19 12.85 35.14 39.73

Transportation and material moving .................. 4.33 3.01 5.08 7.04 7.20 14.41 7.34 22.02 34.37 51.07

Full time ................................................................. 1.13 1.47 0.88 1.26 5.61 5.86 3.84 6.34 14.39 12.28

Part time ................................................................ – 9.36 6.78 27.08 22.93 34.14 0.00 27.13 19.73 111.32

Union ..................................................................... 1.69 4.20 3.92 3.73 6.00 14.41 5.23 12.94 18.53 43.46

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.52 1.97 1.84 1.82 4.65 4.03 5.86 4.69 16.52 26.50

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.37 2.84 4.20 15.25 20.39 15.36 12.16 39.17 48.31 58.51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8.94 5.86 8.69 38.97 40.43 41.26 25.93 85.68 145.66 124.61

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.61 2.39 1.39 3.07 8.51 6.34 6.92 11.92 22.36 25.53

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.87 2.83 3.03 2.69 4.68 8.75 8.23 9.54 11.62 22.41

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.14 1.86 1.98 2.66 5.67 5.63 5.66 7.20 18.69 19.45

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.42 3.67 3.86 3.79 13.86 14.94 10.15 13.03 21.79 40.21

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.70 1.82 2.12 2.06 9.73 10.81 7.10 9.30 16.60 17.86

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.14 2.07 0.74 1.72 6.24 4.05 5.30 4.57 17.13 30.42

Education and health services ........................... 4.70 4.51 2.29 6.93 17.92 6.34 9.72 16.28 37.46 22.38

Educational services ...................................... 3.04 4.31 2.95 3.76 8.25 9.86 16.97 10.49 28.95 25.86

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.85 5.37 3.82 5.33 13.96 23.55 7.44 38.58 33.29 34.48

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.37 8.89 7.57 8.88 13.23 15.12 30.50 23.93 14.95 80.72

Health care and social assistance ................. 9.36 8.21 4.85 15.54 31.66 10.44 23.41 25.40 59.13 44.33

Hospitals .................................................... 4.67 4.52 2.84 9.25 10.09 11.58 17.53 12.84 33.67 141.78

Public administration ......................................... 4.09 2.15 3.33 3.14 7.49 27.38 11.36 6.86 18.19 55.14

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $4.27 $2.39 $1.84 $5.11 $11.62 $5.92 $6.20 $8.44 $19.55 $73.46

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.34 3.54 2.18 7.00 8.28 5.44 5.26 7.14 30.13 41.11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.32 3.71 6.15 5.65 12.43 4.58 7.27 25.25 42.03 119.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.79 2.24 2.11 2.31 5.17 2.03 4.28 7.31 23.68 17.95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.84 2.85 2.98 2.54 5.86 8.68 9.39 12.96 23.23 15.76

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.82 2.57 2.19 2.99 9.20 13.05 6.50 6.43 6.16 30.84

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.44 3.95 3.48 3.48 12.87 11.93 6.64 12.75 13.90 42.42

New England ..................................................... 7.98 8.20 6.42 8.16 14.40 15.52 19.29 10.38 36.04 58.99

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.57 5.05 1.15 5.88 8.64 16.09 8.09 14.56 12.75 69.88

South ..................................................................... 1.28 3.83 3.26 3.16 7.24 3.03 9.00 12.05 27.42 26.12

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.21 6.21 1.90 4.93 13.89 6.71 9.33 12.54 24.22 43.32

East South Central ............................................ 3.37 4.58 6.71 2.75 24.02 21.59 17.66 17.69 11.33 63.34

West South Central ........................................... 1.74 2.34 2.66 2.53 20.06 12.66 8.77 27.27 54.71 27.62

Midwest ................................................................. 2.16 2.98 2.28 2.83 9.31 14.62 9.35 11.56 32.34 45.21

East North Central ............................................. 4.50 2.50 2.82 2.67 10.56 19.26 15.24 13.43 34.43 32.53

West North Central ............................................ 3.91 4.24 2.38 7.97 10.73 5.75 22.43 18.65 47.71 63.76

West ...................................................................... 6.94 3.68 2.89 6.12 4.46 9.39 16.77 15.07 26.88 54.24

Mountain ............................................................ 3.77 3.19 5.02 10.73 6.33 14.21 34.33 24.81 69.56 43.00

Pacific ................................................................ 8.57 7.44 4.50 6.71 9.95 21.67 12.43 12.26 29.56 64.49

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 59 58 98 39 38 97 34 33 97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 78 76 99 46 46 99 53 52 98

Management, business, and financial ............... 85 84 99 61 60 98 62 60 97

Professional and related .................................... 75 73 98 40 40 99 49 48 98

Teachers ........................................................ 74 73 98 24 23 96 42 40 97

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 82 81 98 21 20 96 41 40 97

Registered nurses ......................................... 76 75 98 43 43 99 53 52 98

Service ................................................................... 35 33 95 23 23 97 14 13 97

Protective service .............................................. 71 68 96 31 30 99 23 23 99

Sales and office ..................................................... 56 55 98 40 38 97 33 32 96

Sales and related ............................................... 42 40 96 33 31 93 20 19 94

Office and administrative support ...................... 64 63 98 44 43 98 41 39 96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 57 55 97 36 35 98 26 25 96

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 49 47 97 29 28 98 17 16 97

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 64 62 98 42 41 98 34 32 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 63 61 97 45 44 96 30 29 96

Production ......................................................... 68 66 98 50 49 98 32 32 98

Transportation and material moving .................. 58 55 96 41 39 94 28 26 94

Full time ................................................................. 75 73 98 47 46 98 44 42 97

Part time ................................................................ 13 12 90 15 14 94 5 5 95

Union ..................................................................... 86 83 97 49 47 96 38 37 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 55 53 98 37 36 98 33 32 97

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 25 24 93 19 18 94 8 8 94

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 16 14 89 13 12 94 5 4 91

Second 25 percent ............................................ 61 60 97 40 39 97 32 30 96

Third 25 percent ................................................ 75 74 98 48 47 98 46 45 98

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 84 83 99 54 53 99 57 56 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 84 99 58 58 99 62 60 97

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 70 68 98 51 51 98 37 36 98

Service-providing industries .................................. 57 56 98 37 36 97 34 32 97

Education and health services ........................... 69 68 98 32 31 98 43 42 98

Educational services ...................................... 77 76 98 27 26 96 43 42 97

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 76 75 98 23 22 96 37 36 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 87 85 98 37 35 96 61 58 96

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 63 99 34 34 99 43 42 98

Hospitals .................................................... 88 87 99 51 50 99 64 62 98

Public administration ......................................... 84 81 97 30 30 99 35 34 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 43 42 97 30 29 98 24 23 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 37 36 98 28 27 98 22 21 97

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 57 55 97 34 33 97 30 29 98

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 74 98 48 47 97 44 43 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 68 66 97 44 43 97 36 36 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 84 98 52 51 98 54 52 96

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 60 59 98 62 61 99 33 32 97

New England ..................................................... 60 58 97 37 36 97 34 33 98

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 59 59 99 70 69 99 33 32 97

South ..................................................................... 61 60 97 34 33 96 34 32 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 61 60 98 38 36 96 36 35 96

East South Central ............................................ 58 56 96 31 29 94 34 33 96

West South Central ........................................... 63 61 96 30 29 97 29 28 97

Midwest ................................................................. 61 60 98 39 38 97 38 37 98

East North Central ............................................. 61 59 97 42 41 97 39 38 98

West North Central ............................................ 62 61 98 32 31 97 36 35 98

West ...................................................................... 53 52 98 27 26 99 31 30 97

Mountain ............................................................ 56 55 98 30 30 98 36 34 97

Pacific ................................................................ 51 50 98 25 25 99 29 28 97

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.2 1.3 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.6 0.2 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.5 1.5 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.1 1.5 1.5 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 2.1 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.8 2.3 2.4 0.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 2.5 0.4 1.8 1.8 0.7 2.9 2.9 0.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.7 2.6 0.9 3.2 3.2 0.3 3.0 3.0 0.4

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 2.3 0.7 2.8 2.7 0.7 3.4 3.4 0.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.6 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.7 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.1 3.1 1.0 2.5 2.5 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.8 0.5 2.0 2.0 0.7 1.9 1.9 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.6 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.6

Production ......................................................... 2.5 2.5 0.7 1.9 1.9 0.4 2.0 1.9 0.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 1.8 0.7 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.2 2.8 1.1 1.0 1.6 0.8 0.8 3.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.8 0.4 2.1 2.1 0.8 2.0 2.0 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.5 1.6 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.7 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.8 1.8 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.7 1.8 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.5 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.8 2.3 2.3 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.6 1.7 0.8 1.6 1.7 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 2.7 0.2 2.2 2.2 0.3 2.9 2.8 0.6

Hospitals .................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.2 3.1 3.0 0.3 2.3 2.2 0.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.7 1.7 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.0 0.6 1.7 1.7 0.6 1.7 1.7 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.3 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.4 1.3 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.6 1.7 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.0 2.2 0.9 2.5 2.5 1.0 3.2 3.2 0.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.3 0.5 1.8 1.9 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.2 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 1.9 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.7 1.8 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 1.6 2.3 1.5 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.9 3.6

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 2.6 0.8 3.3 3.1 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.5 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.4 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 4.0 3.5 0.9 3.1 3.0 0.4 2.3 2.2 0.5

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.6 1.5 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 1.4 0.2 1.6 1.6 0.3 3.2 3.0 0.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.8 1.7 0.6

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 5 95

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5 95

Management, business, and financial ............... 4 96

Professional and related .................................... 5 95

Teachers ........................................................ 9 91

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 91

Registered nurses ......................................... 3 97

Service ................................................................... 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94

Sales and related ............................................... 10 90

Office and administrative support ...................... 4 96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 95

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4 96

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95

Transportation and material moving .................. 5 95

Full time ................................................................. 5 95

Part time ................................................................ 5 95

Union ..................................................................... 5 95

Nonunion ............................................................... 6 94

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 8 92

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5 95

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5 95

Education and health services ........................... 6 94

Educational services ...................................... 9 91

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 97

Hospitals .................................................... 4 96

Public administration ......................................... 7 93

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 93

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 93

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 94

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 96

500 workers or more .......................................... 5 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 94

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 95

South ..................................................................... 6 94

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 94

East South Central ............................................ 8 92

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95

East North Central ............................................. 5 95

West North Central ............................................ 4 96

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 6 94

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 0.8 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.8 0.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.1 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.0 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.1 1.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.6 0.6

Hospitals .................................................... 1.3 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.7 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 0.4 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 0.9 0.9

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 0.6 0.6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1 March

2017

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 57 2 38 3 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 62 1 33 2 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 2 26 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 58 1 36 3 2

Teachers ........................................................ 36 1 55 4 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 30 1 61 3 5

Registered nurses ......................................... 76 – 21 2 –

Service ................................................................... 47 1 48 3 1

Protective service .............................................. 40 2 52 5 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 3 34 2 1

Sales and related ............................................... 60 4 34 2 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 2 34 2 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 40 1 56 3 2 ( )

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 23 – 72 4 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 52 1 44 2 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 52 1 42 4 1

Transportation and material moving .................. 52 2 41 4 1

Full time ................................................................. 57 2 38 2 1

Part time ................................................................ 46 3 46 5 1

Union ..................................................................... 39 1 52 7 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 61 2 34 1 1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 47 1 48 2 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 39 1 55 4 1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 54 2 41 2 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 57 1 38 3 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 62 2 33 3 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 3 28 2 1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 57 2 37 2 1

Education and health services ........................... 54 1 40 3 2

Educational services ...................................... 38 1 53 4 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 29 1 62 3 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 54 2 37 5 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 67 – 30 2 –

Hospitals .................................................... 80 – 17 1 –

Public administration ......................................... 36 2 52 7 3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 48 1 49 2 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 48 1 49 2 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 47 – 48 2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 62 2 32 3 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 58 3 35 2 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 65 1 29 3 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 62 2 31 4 2 ( )

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 62 – 30 5 –

South ..................................................................... 58 2 36 2 2

South Atlantic .................................................... 65 1 29 1 3

East South Central ............................................ 53 – 37 4 –

West South Central ........................................... 51 – 46 1 –

Midwest ................................................................. 55 1 40 3 1

East North Central ............................................. 55 1 41 2 2 ( )

West North Central ............................................ 55 1 38 5 1

West ...................................................................... 50 2 46 2 2 ( )

Mountain ............................................................ 55 1 42 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 47 2 48 3 2 ( )

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.4 1.4 0.3 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 0.2 1.6 0.3 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.3 0.2 1.9 0.7 1.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 0.2 2.4 0.6 1.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.4 – 3.0 0.8 –

Service ................................................................... 2.3 0.3 2.2 0.4 0.2

Protective service .............................................. 4.2 0.7 4.4 0.8 0.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 1.9 2.1 0.4 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 0.3 1.8 0.4 0.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.5 – 2.9 1.1 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 0.4 2.0 0.4 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 0.3 2.0 0.5 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.3 0.5 2.5 0.6 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 3.2 0.7 3.4 0.8 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.5 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 0.3 2.0 0.4 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.8 0.4 3.9 1.0 0.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.2 1.2 0.3 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.4 1.4 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 0.7 1.9 0.3 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 0.2 2.0 0.4 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 0.2 1.4 0.5 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.9 0.2 1.8 0.6 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 0.5 2.2 0.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.4 – 3.1 0.7 –

Hospitals .................................................... 2.3 – 1.7 0.6 –

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 0.4 2.5 0.6 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 0.3 1.8 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 0.2 1.9 0.4 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 – 3.0 0.5 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 0.4 1.8 0.4 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 0.4 1.8 0.4 0.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 – 2.2 0.5 –

South ..................................................................... 1.7 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 0.3 1.8 0.3 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.2 – 2.3 1.0 –

West South Central ........................................... 3.1 – 2.9 0.2 –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 0.1 1.9 0.4 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 0.2 2.5 0.3 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 0.1 2.6 1.1 0.4

West ...................................................................... 2.6 0.5 2.7 0.4 0.1

Mountain ............................................................ 4.0 0.6 4.2 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.5 0.6 3.6 0.6 0.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, civilian workers,1 March

2017

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 3 ( ) 61 10 24 5 1.4 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 ( ) 58 10 25 6 1.4 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 ( ) 56 9 28 7 1.5 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 3 ( ) 60 11 24 5 1.4 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 50 21 23 – 1.5 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 53 24 20 – 1.4 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... – 79 8 12 – 1.2 1.0

Service ................................................................... – 69 8 19 – 1.3 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 59 – 19 8 1.4 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 3 ( ) 62 10 22 4 1.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 67 11 20 – 1.3 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 3 ( ) 61 10 23 6 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1 63 8 24 3 1.3 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 64 – 21 2 1.3 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1 63 7 26 3 1.3 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 61 11 24 – 1.4 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 67 14 16 – 1.2 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 3 ( ) 61 10 24 5 1.4 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 71 6 21 – 1.3 1.0

Union ..................................................................... – 62 13 18 – 1.4 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 ( ) 61 10 24 4 1.4 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 70 9 19 – 1.3 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 69 8 – – 1.3 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 66 9 19 4 1.3 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 57 12 25 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 ( ) 58 9 27 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 ( ) 56 9 29 6 1.5 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 63 10 22 4 1.4 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1 66 12 18 4 1.3 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1 47 20 26 6 1.5 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 49 23 25 4 1.4 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3 44 17 28 8 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. – 74 9 14 – 1.2 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 76 9 13 – 1.2 1.0

Public administration ......................................... – 53 18 24 6 1.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 61 10 23 4 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1 62 9 25 4 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 60 13 21 – 1.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 ( ) 61 10 24 5 1.4 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 60 10 24 – 1.4 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 ( ) 62 11 24 4 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1 57 15 23 4 1.4 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1 56 15 24 4 1.4 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1 62 8 25 4 1.4 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 61 8 24 5 1.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 63 – 24 – 1.4 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – 63 7 26 – 1.4 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 60 10 25 – 1.4 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 60 10 24 5 1.4 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 61 11 25 – 1.4 1.0

West ...................................................................... – 64 9 21 – 1.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 69 – 18 2 1.3 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 61 7 23 – 1.4 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 ( ) 1.5 0.7 1.2 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.1 2.3 1.1 1.9 1.0 3 ( ) 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 1.7 0.9 1.4 1.0 3 ( ) 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 3.7 2.3 2.4 – 3 () –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 5.4 3.6 3.6 – 0.1 0.2

Registered nurses ......................................... – 3.1 1.4 2.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 3.4 1.4 3.1 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 6.1 – 4.2 2.4 0.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.1 1.5 1.0 1.4 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 3.2 2.0 3.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.1 1.6 0.9 1.3 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.4 2.7 1.7 2.7 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 7.2 – 5.6 0.9 0.1 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.5 3.1 1.5 3.3 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 1.9 1.4 1.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.5 2.0 1.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 4.9 1.2 4.7 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 2.5 1.4 1.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.1 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.3 1.4 3.1 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 8.8 2.0 – – 0.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.5 0.7 1.3 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 ( ) 2.1 1.1 1.9 1.0 3 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.1 2.1 1.0 1.7 1.2 3 ( ) 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.0 3 ( ) 0.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 3.5 2.8 3.3 1.5 3 ( ) 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.1 2.6 2.6 2.7 1.0 3 ( ) 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.0 1.2 2.4 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 2.7 1.7 2.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 3.8 3.7 3.5 1.7 3 ( ) 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.2 2.0 1.3 1.7 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.2 2.6 1.6 2.1 1.0 3 ( ) 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.3 2.4 2.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.8 0.7 1.5 – 3 ( ) 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.1 1.6 1.1 1.6 0.4 3 ( ) 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.1 2.7 1.1 2.7 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.2 3.6 1.1 3.5 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.2 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.3 2.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 3 ( ) 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 5.0 – 3.2 – 0.1 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 2.4 1.8 2.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 1.9 1.2 1.7 – 3 ( ) 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.2 1.1 2.2 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 3.7 2.7 2.7 – 3 ( ) 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 2.6 1.8 1.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 4.6 – 2.4 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 2.9 2.0 2.8 – 0.1 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 3 Less than 0.05. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 77 $50,000 – $200,000 $500,000 $1,000,000 23

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 77 50,000 $100,000 300,000 750,000 1,500,000 23

Management, business, and financial ............... 80 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 – 20

Professional and related .................................... 75 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 – 25

Teachers ........................................................ 62 50,000 50,000 200,000 – 500,000 38

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 54 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 46

Registered nurses ......................................... 81 50,000 – 300,000 – 1,000,000 19

Service ................................................................... 77 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 23

Protective service .............................................. 70 – 50,000 150,000 500,000 – 30

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 18

Sales and related ............................................... 85 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 15

Office and administrative support ...................... 81 50,000 70,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 19

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 74 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 26

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 72 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 – 28

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 69 50,000 70,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 31

Transportation and material moving .................. 71 50,000 – 100,000 300,000 – 29

Full time ................................................................. 77 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 23

Part time ................................................................ 64 50,000 – – 500,000 – 36

Union ..................................................................... 64 50,000 – 150,000 – 1,000,000 36

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 23

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 83 50,000 – – – 1,000,000 17

Second 25 percent ............................................ 78 50,000 50,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 22

Third 25 percent ................................................ 77 50,000 70,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 76 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 – 24

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 76 50,000 – 300,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 24

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 79 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

Education and health services ........................... 75 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 25

Educational services ...................................... 63 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 37

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 50 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 400,000 50

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 77 50,000 50,000 – 400,000 500,000 23

Health care and social assistance ................. 80 50,000 100,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 20

Hospitals .................................................... 81 50,000 200,000 500,000 750,000 1,000,000 19

Public administration ......................................... 59 40,000 – – 300,000 500,000 41

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 $50,000 $50,000 $185,000 $500,000 $1,000,000 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 84 50,000 50,000 175,000 500,000 1,000,000 16

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 30

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 50,000 70,000 250,000 600,000 1,000,000 24

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 76 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

500 workers or more .......................................... 77 50,000 – 300,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 23

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 74 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 26

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 73 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 27

South ..................................................................... 78 50,000 – 225,000 500,000 – 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 50,000 – 250,000 750,000 – 23

East South Central ............................................ 79 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 21

West South Central ........................................... 79 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 21

Midwest ................................................................. 77 50,000 70,000 250,000 500,000 – 23

East North Central ............................................. 79 50,000 – 250,000 – – 21

West North Central ............................................ 72 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 28

West ...................................................................... 79 50,000 – 200,000 – 1,000,000 21

Mountain ............................................................ 81 50,000 – 250,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 19

Pacific ................................................................ 77 50,000 50,000 200,000 – 1,200,000 23

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 $0.00 – $45,501.95 $20,402.21 $0.00 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.00 $15,618.02 18,248.29 51,613.95 445,964.40 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.00 25,416.92 16,448.78 32,897.57 – 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.00 19,801.70 45,620.72 157,308.81 – 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 3.8 0.00 4,562.07 55,799.19 – 0.00 3.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.9 0.00 14,426.54 – – 0.00 5.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.4 0.00 – 53,979.16 – 0.00 2.4

Service ................................................................... 2.6 3,160.70 4,913.50 25,806.98 0.00 45,620.72 2.6

Protective service .............................................. 3.7 – 4,562.07 43,995.03 102,418.26 – 3.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.00 0.00 26,207.11 0.00 18,248.29 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 36,496.58 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 0.00 20,965.69 13,095.61 18,248.29 36,496.58 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.0 0.00 0.00 42,483.64 29,211.51 – 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.9 0.00 0.00 – 83,872.67 – 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 0.00 9,438.09 – 0.00 0.00 2.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 4.0 0.00 – 0.00 84,613.83 – 4.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.00 – 50,447.52 25,806.98 0.00 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 3.6 0.00 – – 95,258.86 – 3.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.7 4,469.90 – 37,778.36 – 79,017.40 2.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.00 – 25,004.15 96,990.98 18,248.29 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 0.00 1,580.35 58,001.14 0.00 0.00 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 0.00 – – – 0.00 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 0.00 0.00 37,906.40 0.00 0.00 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.00 13,502.50 4,562.07 0.00 0.00 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.00 0.00 4,562.07 266,012.22 – 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 0.00 – 60,433.25 164,993.18 509,973.53 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.00 – 36,279.23 0.00 0.00 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 0.00 – 18,809.90 0.00 0.00 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 0.00 0.00 – 12,903.49 0.00 2.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.6 0.00 9,124.14 – 36,496.58 116,846.05 3.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 0.00 0.00 – 87,515.71 0.00 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 0.00 27,372.43 – 0.00 0.00 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 2.5 0.00 59,131.21 78,488.85 165,056.24 0.00 2.5

Public administration ......................................... 4.0 11,396.05 – – 35,630.92 0.00 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 $0.00 $6,255.20 $48,572.68 $0.00 $0.00 1.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 0.00 9,911.36 47,734.19 0.00 0.00 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 0.00 – 58,351.74 0.00 45,620.72 3.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.00 17,118.41 9,124.14 163,536.12 124,101.77 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.00 – 4,562.07 0.00 235,112.74 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.00 – 29,565.61 256,614.01 203,409.07 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 0.00 – 18,809.90 0.00 0.00 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 0.00 11,613.14 – 0.00 0.00 2.1

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.00 – 48,922.77 71,553.30 – 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 0.00 – 65,814.11 146,980.87 – 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 0.00 – – 112,859.43 176,688.28 3.3

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 – 3.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 0.00 18,920.23 68,418.91 0.00 – 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 0.00 – 64,064.23 – – 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 2.9

West ...................................................................... 2.5 0.00 – 49,506.36 – 121,045.45 2.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.7 0.00 – 64,935.45 256,451.75 0.00 2.7

Pacific ................................................................ 3.7 0.00 0.00 11,684.61 – 330,364.57 3.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 civilian workers,2

March 2017

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. – $10,000 $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Management, business, and financial ............... $10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Teachers ........................................................ 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Registered nurses ......................................... – 10,000 – 50,000 50,000

Service ................................................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 10,000 – – 50,000

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 20,000 40,000 50,000

Sales and related ............................................... – 10,000 – 25,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 20,000 50,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Transportation and material moving .................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ 5,000 5,000 – – 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 – – 15,000 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6,000 – 30,000 50,000 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 6,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... 6,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Hospitals .................................................... – 10,000 – – 50,000

Public administration ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 civilian workers,2

March 2017—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 – $50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 20,000 – 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 $50,000 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 –

South ..................................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 – 35,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 35,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... 5,000 – 20,000 50,000 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 41,116 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

civilian workers,2 March 2017

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. – $0.00 $0.00 $2,904.00 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Management, business, and financial ............... $0.00 182.48 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 1,471.22 456.21 0.00 0.00 0.00

Teachers ........................................................ 258.07 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2,667.93 1,946.25 0.00 0.00 0.00

Registered nurses ......................................... – 0.00 – 2,040.22 893.98

Service ................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,234.95 0.00

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 0.00 8,846.19 0.00

Sales and related ............................................... – 0.00 – 4,080.44 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 2,414.02 5,994.22 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.00 2,523.61 0.00 6,402.52 0.00

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 0.00 2,908.30 0.00 7,067.53

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.00 1,465.55 2,885.31 9,848.58 0.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.00 1,168.46 0.00 2,656.99 8,836.77

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.00 3,069.84 0.00 – 7,242.06

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 2,354.67 0.00 2,876.63 0.00

Part time ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,103.23 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 1,290.35 912.41 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 – – 1,824.83 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 4,441.87 0.00 6,090.66 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 2,297.40 0.00 3,212.94 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1,702.09 1,714.27 0.00 0.00 0.00

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 547.45 – 6,893.41 0.00 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 816.09 0.00 0.00 8,140.88 0.00

Education and health services ........................... 729.93 1,471.22 0.00 0.00 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 3,314.34 0.00 0.00 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 2,064.56 0.00 8,162.23 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. – 2,351.13 5,770.62 1,277.38 0.00

Hospitals .................................................... – 0.00 – – 729.93

Public administration ......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 11,906.88 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $0.00 $930.48 $0.00 – $0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 0.00 – 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 0.00 912.41 $14,231.62 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 1,237.66 0.00 0.00 5,936.72 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.00 2,543.33 0.00 2,948.10 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,860.97 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1,048.28 0.00 5,000.83 0.00 –

South ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 2,441.45 2,293.77 0.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 1,580.35 0.00

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 912.41 0.00 2,040.22 0.00 9,304.84

Midwest ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 – 7,356.12 0.00

East North Central ............................................. 0.00 0.00 5,770.62 7,093.40 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 0.00 482.80 4,279.60 9,482.09 0.00

West ...................................................................... 682.79 – 3,026.14 9,601.06 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 – 3,871.05 8,185.33 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 12,206.76 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, civilian workers,1 March

2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured2

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 44 40 15 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 48 39 12 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 51 38 11 3 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 47 40 12 1

Teachers ........................................................ 49 35 14 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 49 39 10 2

Registered nurses ......................................... 46 43 – –

Service ................................................................... 29 41 30 1

Protective service .............................................. 35 45 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 47 36 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 50 33 16 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 45 37 16 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 – 15 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 43 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 44 45 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 39 45 – –

Full time ................................................................. 46 41 – –

Part time ................................................................ 27 28 44 1

Union ..................................................................... 35 44 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 46 39 15 3 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 33 36 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 29 – 41 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 41 43 15 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 43 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 50 37 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 52 37 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 44 39 17 1

Education and health services ........................... 36 48 – –

Educational services ...................................... 46 35 14 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 41 39 13 6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 58 26 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 47 42 11 –

Public administration ......................................... 36 46 13 5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured2

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 33 41 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 35 37 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 31 50 19 1

100 workers or more .............................................. 50 39 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 47 43 10 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 54 35 10 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 29 46 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 25 54 –

South ..................................................................... 54 45 – 3 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 54 46 – 3 ( )

East South Central ............................................ 54 46 – –

West South Central ........................................... 55 44 – –

West ...................................................................... 42 47 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 39 60 – 1

Pacific ................................................................ 44 40 – –

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data

did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding,

civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured2

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 1.8 0.9 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.8 2.1 2.1 0.1

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 2.5 1.6 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ 3.2 3.6 2.5 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.2 4.2 2.5 0.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.6 5.4 – –

Service ................................................................... 2.5 3.7 2.5 0.2

Protective service .............................................. 6.6 7.3 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.6 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 2.3 2.1 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 2.1 1.6 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.6 – 2.2 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.9 2.6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.6 2.5 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.9 3.6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.2 – –

Part time ................................................................ 2.6 3.0 2.8 0.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.9 2.3 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.2 2.8 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.9 – 4.9 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 2.0 1.7 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 1.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.5 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.4 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.8 3.7 – –

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 2.5 1.9 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.1 3.9 2.1 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.9 2.6 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.7 4.4 2.1 –

Public administration ......................................... 3.5 3.7 1.7 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding,

civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured2

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 2.3 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 2.6 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 3.7 2.8 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.5 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 2.1 1.0 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 2.1 0.7 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.4 1.8 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 2.7 2.1 –

South ..................................................................... 2.4 2.4 – 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 3.3 – 0.1

East South Central ............................................ 8.1 8.1 – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 3.2 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.9 2.3 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 3.7 3.8 – 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 4.1 2.7 – –

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 16 84

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Management, business, and financial ............... 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Teachers ........................................................ 12 88

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 13 87

Registered nurses ......................................... 14 86

Service ................................................................... 30 70

Protective service .............................................. 22 78

Sales and office ..................................................... 17 83

Sales and related ............................................... 19 81

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15 85

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 12 88

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 87

Transportation and material moving .................. 18 82

Full time ................................................................. 13 87

Part time ................................................................ 40 60

Union ..................................................................... 17 83

Nonunion ............................................................... 15 85

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 31 69

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 39 61

Second 25 percent ............................................ 16 84

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 88

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12 88

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 88

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 83

Education and health services ........................... 14 86

Educational services ...................................... 11 89

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 14 86

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8 92

Hospitals .................................................... 15 85

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 21 79

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 22 78

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 81

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 14 86

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 89

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 38 62

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 44 56

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 94

East South Central ............................................ 4 96

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

West ...................................................................... 9 91

Mountain ............................................................ 3 97

Pacific ................................................................ 12 88

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.0 2.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 2.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 3.6

Service ................................................................... 2.3 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 3.4 3.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.4

Sales and related ............................................... 2.4 2.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.9 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 3.2 3.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 2.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.5 3.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.1 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.5

Hospitals .................................................... 3.3 3.3

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 2.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.1 3.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 2.1

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 0.4 0.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1

March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 5 2 71 21 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 1 71 26 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 – 60 36 –

Professional and related .................................... 1 1 77 19 1

Teachers ........................................................ – – 84 11 4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 84 9 6

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 91 6 –

Service ................................................................... 5 – 86 7 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 86 8 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 1 71 25 1

Sales and related ............................................... 3 – 70 24 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2 – 72 25 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15 – 61 19 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6 3 61 30 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 14 – 64 18 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 9 – 75 12 –

Full time ................................................................. 6 2 69 23 1

Part time ................................................................ – 2 88 8 –

Union ..................................................................... 15 7 64 12 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 1 72 23 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 – 80 11 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 6 2 84 8 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 1 75 17 2 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 3 70 21 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 2 65 29 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 1 65 32 1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 2 74 21 1

Education and health services ........................... 2 – 89 8 –

Educational services ...................................... – – 84 12 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 87 8 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 78 20 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 91 6 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 95 5 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1

March 2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 2 76 17 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 2 76 18 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 – 76 14 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 2 68 24 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 1 69 23 2 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 4 2 67 26 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 – 83 14 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2 – 86 12 –

South ..................................................................... 5 3 64 28 2 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 4 65 26 1

East South Central ............................................ – 3 67 23 –

West South Central ........................................... 5 – 60 34 –

West ...................................................................... 3 1 72 21 2

Mountain ............................................................ 3 – 77 19 –

Pacific ................................................................ 3 2 69 22 3

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.3 1.5 1.4 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 – 2.4 2.3 –

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ – – 2.2 1.7 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 2.8 1.6 1.5

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 2.1 1.7 –

Service ................................................................... 1.3 – 3.1 1.2 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 5.5 2.1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 – 2.2 2.3 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 – 1.4 1.4 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 – 2.6 2.3 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.8 0.5 3.8 3.6 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 – 1.9 2.1 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 – 2.2 2.5 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – 0.7 1.4 1.5 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.2 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.9 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 – 3.2 1.4 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 0.9 2.9 2.1 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.1 1.6 1.5 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.5 1.4 1.3 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.3 2.1 2.1 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 – 1.6 1.2 –

Educational services ...................................... – – 1.7 1.4 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 2.5 1.7 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.0 2.1 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 2.1 1.6 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 1.3 1.3 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.6 1.1 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.5 1.7 1.3 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 – 3.1 2.0 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.2 1.8 1.8 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.3 – 1.8 1.7 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 – 2.0 1.9 –

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.6 2.0 1.5 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 1.0 3.0 2.5 0.2

East South Central ............................................ – 0.8 4.6 2.2 –

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 – 2.3 1.8 –

West ...................................................................... 1.0 0.3 1.9 1.6 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.3 – 2.1 1.3 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.4 2.9 2.5 0.5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks2

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 93 12 22 26 26 26 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 93 12 20 26 26 26 7

Management, business, and financial ............... 94 12 20 26 26 26 6

Professional and related .................................... 92 12 20 26 26 26 8

Teachers ........................................................ 92 12 20 26 26 52 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 90 12 13 26 – 52 10

Registered nurses ......................................... 94 12 18 26 26 26 6

Service ................................................................... 96 12 24 26 26 26 4

Protective service .............................................. 95 12 – 26 26 26 5

Sales and office ..................................................... 92 12 24 26 26 26 8

Sales and related ............................................... 89 12 – 26 26 26 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 93 13 25 26 26 26 7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 92 13 26 26 26 – 8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 90 13 25 26 26 52 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 13 25 26 26 26 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 93 13 25 26 26 26 7

Full time ................................................................. 92 12 21 26 26 26 8

Part time ................................................................ 96 13 26 26 26 26 4

Union ..................................................................... 90 13 26 26 26 – 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 95 12 22 26 26 26 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 95 12 26 26 26 – 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 12 24 26 26 26 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 92 12 21 26 26 26 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 12 24 26 26 26 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 12 25 26 26 26 8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 93 12 22 26 26 26 7

Education and health services ........................... 94 12 18 26 26 26 6

Educational services ...................................... 90 13 22 26 26 52 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 87 12 20 26 26 52 13

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 94 13 26 26 26 52 6

Hospitals .................................................... 92 12 18 26 26 26 8

Public administration ......................................... 88 20 25 26 26 52 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks2

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 12 20 26 26 26 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 94 12 20 26 26 26 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 95 12 21 26 26 26 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 91 12 24 26 26 26 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 13 25 26 26 26 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 – 26 26 26 26 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 95 25 26 26 26 26 5

South ..................................................................... 92 12 18 26 26 26 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 92 12 20 26 26 36 8

West South Central ........................................... 92 12 13 26 26 26 8

West ...................................................................... 94 12 20 26 26 26 6

Mountain ............................................................ 94 11 13 22 26 26 6

Pacific ................................................................ 94 13 26 26 26 26 6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March

2017

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks2

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 0.5 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 0.0 2.5 0.0 – 0.0 2.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.6 0.9 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.9 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.1 0.2 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 1.2 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 – 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.3 1.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 – 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 1.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.9 0.6 3.5 0.0 2.6 0.0 1.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.0 1.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... 2.8 1.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 5.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks2

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.7 0.4 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 1.3 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 3.2 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.8 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1 24 2 39 22 13 62.0 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 ( ) 18 2 39 25 17 64.1 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 14 1 38 26 19 65.1 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 2 ( ) 20 2 39 24 16 63.6 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 32 – 17 31 17 63.6 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 33 – 15 38 13 63.4 66.0

Registered nurses ......................................... – 27 – 48 18 – 59.0 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 33 – 36 20 7 59.1 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 28 – 37 21 9 59.6 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 29 2 37 20 11 61.2 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 37 – 34 15 14 61.2 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 26 2 39 23 10 61.2 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2 ( ) 32 1 34 21 12 60.7 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 22 – 40 22 14 62.5 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3 19 2 ( ) 47 18 13 61.8 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 23 – 46 19 11 61.4 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 22 1 41 21 14 62.4 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 36 – 24 29 6 59.3 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 2 27 4 31 27 10 60.4 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 23 1 40 21 14 62.3 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 36 – 34 21 6 58.9 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 39 – 29 24 7 59.2 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2 27 2 41 19 10 60.4 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 21 1 42 21 14 62.3 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 18 2 37 24 19 64.8 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 16 – 35 23 23 66.9 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 26 2 38 22 12 61.7 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 2 ( ) 25 3 41 20 11 61.2 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 36 – 17 25 16 62.4 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 41 3 13 32 11 61.5 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 28 – 23 16 21 64.3 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 24 – 52 15 6 59.4 60.0

Public administration ......................................... – 38 2 28 24 8 59.0 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 24 – 37 25 12 62.4 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 26 – 32 28 11 62.2 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 20 – 47 20 13 62.8 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 24 1 40 19 14 61.8 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 24 1 42 17 13 61.0 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 24 – 38 20 15 62.6 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 33 – 23 37 7 61.0 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 36 – 20 38 5 60.4 60.0

South ..................................................................... – 23 – 50 11 15 62.2 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 25 – 48 11 15 61.6 60.0

East South Central ............................................ – 19 – 48 – – 64.3 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 20 – 56 10 14 62.3 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 18 – 41 15 16 62.1 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 53 – – 62.4 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 18 – 33 16 16 61.9 60.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2017

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.0 0.3 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.1 1.2 0.3 2.1 1.8 1.3 0.4 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 2.1 0.2 2.7 3.0 2.1 0.7 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 1.5 0.4 2.6 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 2.9 – 2.1 4.0 2.7 0.8 3.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.8 – 2.6 4.8 2.7 1.0 6.9

Registered nurses ......................................... – 4.6 – 5.6 2.8 – 0.6 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 3.2 – 3.3 2.9 2.0 0.6 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 3.4 – 5.4 4.4 1.8 1.0 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.2 1.4 0.4 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.5 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.5 – 2.7 2.7 3.1 1.4 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 1.5 0.5 2.4 2.1 0.9 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.1 2.8 0.3 2.7 2.3 2.6 0.8 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 4.4 – 4.2 3.1 3.3 1.2 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 2.2 0.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 0.5 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.7 – 3.2 2.4 1.2 0.7 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.9 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 3.1 – 4.3 3.4 0.9 0.5 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 2.6 0.6 2.1 2.5 1.1 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.0 0.3 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.9 – 3.6 2.9 0.7 0.5 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 6.2 – 5.6 3.8 1.4 0.9 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 1.5 0.5 1.9 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.3 0.1 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 1.1 0.3 2.1 1.9 1.4 0.5 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1.4 – 2.9 2.2 2.3 0.8 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.1 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.1 2.1 0.3 3.6 3.3 1.8 0.5 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 2.3 – 1.6 2.3 2.5 0.8 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.9 0.7 2.4 3.1 2.2 0.8 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 2.4 – 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 4.1 – 3.9 2.6 2.4 0.7 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 2.5 0.3 2.2 2.4 2.1 0.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.3 – 2.5 2.5 1.4 0.5 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 2.5 – 2.3 3.0 1.7 0.6 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.0 – 4.5 3.5 2.8 1.0 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 1.9 0.2 2.6 1.5 1.4 0.5 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 1.7 – 2.0 1.4 1.6 0.5 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.6 – 2.5 3.0 0.8 0.4 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.7 – 2.6 3.2 0.6 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 1.6 – 2.2 1.4 2.1 0.7 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.0 – 2.9 2.1 2.2 0.4 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 4.5 – 7.1 – – 4.1 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 3.1 – 3.6 1.4 3.2 1.2 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 2.9 – 3.2 3.0 2.5 0.7 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 4.7 – – 1.6 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.0 – 4.5 4.1 1.7 0.5 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 74 $170 $230 $604 $1,250 $2,500 26

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 70 170 500 700 1,500 2,500 30

Management, business, and financial ............... 71 170 559 1,000 1,750 2,500 29

Professional and related .................................... 70 170 500 692 1,500 2,500 30

Teachers ........................................................ 82 170 – 615 750 1,500 18

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 83 200 – 615 692 1,000 17

Registered nurses ......................................... 61 170 – – 2,307 2,800 39

Service ................................................................... 75 170 170 570 700 1,662 25

Protective service .............................................. 78 170 250 595 – 2,500 22

Sales and office ..................................................... 79 170 200 615 1,250 2,500 21

Sales and related ............................................... 83 170 200 500 1,200 – 17

Office and administrative support ...................... 78 170 200 625 1,250 2,500 22

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 78 170 170 500 – 1,500 22

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 76 170 – 600 1,000 – 24

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 73 170 350 515 1,000 1,600 27

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 170 325 500 750 1,500 23

Full time ................................................................. 73 170 300 620 1,500 2,500 27

Part time ................................................................ 84 170 170 500 615 – 16

Union ..................................................................... 81 170 200 500 624 1,500 19

Nonunion ............................................................... 73 170 300 633 1,500 2,500 27

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 82 170 170 500 634 1,666 18

Second 25 percent ............................................ 76 170 200 600 1,154 2,300 24

Third 25 percent ................................................ 71 170 350 633 1,385 2,325 29

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 71 170 450 692 1,500 2,500 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 69 170 300 700 1,800 – 31

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 75 170 200 604 1,250 2,500 25

Education and health services ........................... 68 170 230 633 1,150 2,500 32

Educational services ...................................... 75 170 200 604 692 1,500 25

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 79 170 200 604 692 1,000 21

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 65 170 185 595 750 1,500 35

Hospitals .................................................... 67 185 – 1,000 2,500 3,363 33

Public administration ......................................... 70 135 200 600 – 1,500 30

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 77 $170 $175 $604 $1,000 $1,965 23

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 76 170 170 604 1,000 1,500 24

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 170 315 604 1,067 2,000 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 72 170 260 615 1,500 2,500 28

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 74 170 250 615 1,500 2,500 26

500 workers or more .......................................... 69 170 300 615 1,500 2,500 31

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 88 170 170 500 633 1,200 12

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 91 170 170 – 615 – 9

South ..................................................................... 66 200 500 1,000 1,730 2,500 34

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 – 500 750 1,730 2,500 30

East South Central ............................................ 56 200 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 44

West South Central ........................................... 64 250 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 36

West ...................................................................... 76 185 500 1,000 1,731 2,400 24

Mountain ............................................................ 74 – – 1,385 2,000 2,500 26

Pacific ................................................................ 77 170 – 595 1,500 2,400 23

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 $0.00 $33.75 $9.29 $113.13 $211.40 1.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 0.00 10.77 67.47 190.07 135.14 1.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.8 0.00 62.69 133.15 404.08 235.86 2.8

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 0.00 100.52 12.18 113.70 216.71 2.1

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 0.00 – 80.12 131.50 224.76 2.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.7 34.62 – 91.61 0.00 27.37 2.7

Registered nurses ......................................... 6.6 17.31 – – 39.16 337.96 6.6

Service ................................................................... 3.1 0.00 11.10 78.65 79.52 256.12 3.1

Protective service .............................................. 3.8 0.00 69.49 43.86 – 147.10 3.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 17.62 137.20 0.00 1.8

Sales and related ............................................... 3.4 0.00 0.00 83.38 298.46 – 3.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 0.00 14.96 16.18 182.34 51.61 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 0.00 16.65 9.12 – 356.19 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4.0 0.00 – 63.98 66.72 – 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 0.00 55.06 74.35 0.00 333.20 2.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.0 0.00 67.61 6.21 172.75 0.00 3.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 0.00 48.45 16.16 93.89 31.61 1.3

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 0.00 0.00 68.09 22.57 – 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.99 234.91 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 0.00 35.09 9.69 82.70 0.00 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.7 0.00 5.47 62.56 94.48 455.74 2.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 0.00 10.08 8.11 176.21 224.70 2.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 0.00 62.59 33.90 220.68 175.17 1.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.00 106.69 35.75 203.24 222.02 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.7 0.00 84.78 100.10 399.03 – 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 0.00 16.01 5.82 125.38 217.49 1.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 0.00 63.80 56.54 260.20 229.12 2.7

Educational services ...................................... 2.2 0.00 16.65 15.35 125.28 275.14 2.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.0 0.00 3.87 15.08 0.00 72.42 3.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.9 0.00 0.00 2.04 148.48 233.30 2.9

Hospitals .................................................... 2.7 18.77 – 131.59 215.77 489.82 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 2.7 11.06 0.00 39.61 – 0.00 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.5 $0.00 $44.86 $5.99 $12.23 $520.38 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.0 0.00 14.54 11.95 0.00 258.29 3.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.8 0.00 73.98 5.21 221.83 427.30 3.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 0.00 49.38 9.46 0.00 0.00 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 0.00 59.10 19.48 0.00 0.00 1.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 0.00 58.36 29.18 113.78 0.00 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 80.05 22.64 337.34 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 – 4.01 – 1.4

South ..................................................................... 3.1 42.97 0.00 58.77 202.95 69.94 3.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.1 – 0.00 198.60 242.07 435.18 3.1

East South Central ............................................ 12.4 0.00 0.00 0.00 156.98 0.00 12.4

West South Central ........................................... 6.2 69.92 0.00 264.32 580.77 191.53 6.2

West ...................................................................... 2.5 8.75 15.78 0.00 353.55 174.96 2.5

Mountain ............................................................ 4.3 – – 349.43 498.61 268.57 4.3

Pacific ................................................................ 3.1 0.00 – 10.84 242.58 181.15 3.1

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 8 92

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 8 92

Management, business, and financial ............... 6 94

Professional and related .................................... 9 91

Teachers ........................................................ 19 81

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 24 76

Registered nurses ......................................... 5 95

Service ................................................................... 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 8 92

Sales and related ............................................... 8 92

Office and administrative support ...................... 8 92

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10 90

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 89

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7 93

Production ......................................................... 6 94

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 93

Full time ................................................................. 8 92

Part time ................................................................ 7 93

Union ..................................................................... 13 87

Nonunion ............................................................... 7 93

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 14 86

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 7 93

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 8 92

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 9 91

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 6 94

Service-providing industries .................................. 8 92

Education and health services ........................... 10 90

Educational services ...................................... 17 83

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 22 78

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 11 89

Health care and social assistance ................. 5 95

Hospitals .................................................... 6 94

Public administration ......................................... 15 85

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 93

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 94

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 91

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 92

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 93

New England ..................................................... 6 94

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 93

South ..................................................................... 8 92

South Atlantic .................................................... 9 91

West South Central ........................................... 6 94

Midwest ................................................................. 10 90

East North Central ............................................. 12 88

West North Central ............................................ 6 94

West ...................................................................... 6 94

Mountain ............................................................ 10 90

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 2.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.3 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.4 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.9 2.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.1 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.4 1.4

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.8

New England ..................................................... 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 2.2

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 0.8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 95 4 1 2 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 95 4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 5 – –

Professional and related .................................... 96 4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Teachers ........................................................ 96 2 2 1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 95 1 2 1

Registered nurses ......................................... 99 – – –

Service ................................................................... 97 2 – –

Protective service .............................................. 96 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 96 3 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Sales and related ............................................... 94 6 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 97 2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 89 – 7 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 3 4 2

Production ......................................................... 88 5 4 2

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 2 – –

Full time ................................................................. 95 4 1 2 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 94 4 – –

Union ..................................................................... 90 2 7 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 96 4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 96 4 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 92 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 95 3 2 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 94 5 1 2 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 6 1 2 ( )

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 88 7 5 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 96 3 1 2 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 98 1 1 2 ( )

Educational services ...................................... 96 2 1 1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 96 1 2 1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 96 3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 99 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 99 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 98 2 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 4 1 2 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 94 5 1 2 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 96 – 2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 95 3 1 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 96 3 1 2 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 95 4 1 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 3 – –

New England ..................................................... 97 – 2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 4 – –

South ..................................................................... 96 4 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 97 2 – –

East South Central ............................................ 92 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 96 4 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 92 4 3 1

East North Central ............................................. 92 4 3 1

West North Central ............................................ 93 5 – –

West ...................................................................... 97 2 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 97 3 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 96 2 – –

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 1.0 – –

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.9 – – –

Service ................................................................... 1.0 1.0 – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.7 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 – 0.9 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 0.7 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.7 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 0.4 1.2 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 2 ( ) 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.3 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.1 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 0.4 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.8 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 0.7 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.6 0.6 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 – 0.4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.3 – –

New England ..................................................... 1.0 – 0.8 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 1.7 – –

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 1.0 – –

East South Central ............................................ 3.4 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 0.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 1.9 – –

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.5 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.7 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 0.6 – –

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 25 60 8 6 1 58.0 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 24 57 10 8 1 58.2 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 23 63 7 6 2 ( ) 58.0 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 25 54 12 8 1 58.3 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ 13 47 23 14 3 60.5 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 15 38 26 18 3 60.6 60.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 40 55 4 – – 55.8 60.0

Service ................................................................... 28 58 7 6 1 57.9 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 24 49 – 14 – 59.3 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 26 62 5 6 1 57.7 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... 21 67 – 5 – 58.0 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 27 61 6 6 2 ( ) 57.6 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 20 65 10 – – 58.8 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 21 69 7 3 2 ( ) 58.3 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 25 66 5 – – 57.8 60.0

Production ......................................................... 25 63 7 – – 57.7 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 24 69 – 4 – 57.9 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 25 60 8 6 1 58.0 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 25 60 7 7 1 58.4 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 28 53 8 9 2 58.2 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 61 8 6 1 58.0 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 23 67 6 – – 57.9 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 62 3 – – 56.8 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 27 60 7 5 1 57.5 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 24 61 8 7 2 ( ) 58.2 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 25 58 9 7 1 58.2 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 24 59 9 8 1 58.4 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 22 59 12 – – 58.6 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 60 7 6 1 57.9 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 26 56 11 7 1 58.0 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 13 49 22 14 3 60.6 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 15 37 25 20 3 61.1 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10 65 17 6 2 60.0 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 35 60 4 2 – 56.3 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... 45 51 2 3 – 55.1 60.0

Public administration ......................................... 19 45 14 20 2 60.3 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 19 64 10 6 1 58.9 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 20 66 8 – – 58.6 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 59 13 8 1 59.3 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 28 58 7 6 1 57.6 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 62 7 7 1 58.2 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 31 55 7 6 1 57.1 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 24 67 – 5 – 57.9 60.0

New England ..................................................... 25 62 7 – – 57.8 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 23 69 – 5 – 57.9 60.0

South ..................................................................... 25 61 10 4 2 ( ) 57.6 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 25 57 13 5 2 ( ) 57.8 60.0

East South Central ............................................ 22 69 5 4 – 57.6 60.0

West South Central ........................................... 27 66 4 – – 57.2 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 24 61 6 7 2 58.1 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 27 59 6 7 1 57.8 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 19 66 6 8 2 58.9 60.0

West ...................................................................... 26 50 12 11 1 58.7 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 24 53 – 13 – 59.2 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ 27 49 14 – – 58.5 60.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.7 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.0 2.3 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.9 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 3.3 2.2 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 5.0 3.0 2.5 1.4 0.6 0.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.7 4.4 0.9 – – 0.6 0.0

Service ................................................................... 4.7 4.4 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.0 4.0 – 3.6 – 0.5 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.7 3.4 – 2.0 – 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 2.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 3.7 1.6 – – 0.7 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.1 3.9 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.1 2.5 1.1 – – 0.2 0.0

Production ......................................................... 3.2 3.6 1.6 – – 0.4 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 3.2 – 1.1 – 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.8 5.2 1.4 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.8 3.9 0.9 – – 0.5 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 9.8 1.7 – – 1.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 2.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.6 1.3 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.1 2.1 2.1 – – 0.4 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 2.2 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.3 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 2.9 2.2 2.4 1.2 0.4 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 1.9 1.0 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.8 3.4 1.7 0.7 – 0.5 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... 4.4 3.6 0.3 1.1 – 0.6 0.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.7 4.5 1.6 3.7 0.4 0.6 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 1.7 1.4 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.2 2.5 1.5 – – 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 3.6 2.8 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.3 2.5 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 2.1 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.0 3.1 – 1.2 – 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... 4.7 4.8 2.5 – – 0.8 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.6 3.9 – 1.5 – 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 3.2 0.8 1.5 – 0.7 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 5.2 4.7 1.0 – – 0.6 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 4.3 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.0

West ...................................................................... 2.0 2.8 2.2 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 4.2 5.7 – 2.9 – 0.7 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 2.8 2.3 – – 0.3 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 87 – $5,000 $7,500 $10,000 $15,000 13

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 $3,500 5,000 8,000 11,250 16,000 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 88 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 12

Professional and related .................................... 86 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 14

Teachers ........................................................ 77 1,900 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 23

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 74 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 26

Registered nurses ......................................... 85 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 15

Service ................................................................... 87 3,000 5,000 6,250 10,000 12,500 13

Protective service .............................................. 71 2,500 4,500 5,000 6,000 10,000 29

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 3,900 5,000 9,000 12,500 20,000 12

Sales and related ............................................... 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 3,500 5,000 8,000 12,000 20,000 12

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 87 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 13

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 89 3,000 4,800 6,000 10,000 15,000 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 83 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 17

Production ......................................................... 87 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 13

Transportation and material moving .................. 79 – 4,000 6,500 10,000 12,500 21

Full time ................................................................. 87 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 13

Part time ................................................................ 83 4,000 5,000 7,000 – 15,000 17

Union ..................................................................... 75 3,000 4,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 25

Nonunion ............................................................... 89 3,900 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 11

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 91 3,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 3,200 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 13

Third 25 percent ................................................ 87 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 86 – 5,000 8,500 12,500 17,500 14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 86 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 14

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 90 – 5,000 10,000 12,500 15,000 10

Service-providing industries .................................. 86 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 14

Education and health services ........................... 87 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 13

Educational services ...................................... 78 2,000 4,000 5,000 8,500 13,000 22

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 73 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 27

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 83 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 20,000 17

Health care and social assistance ................. 93 – 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 7

Hospitals .................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 10

Public administration ......................................... 66 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,250 10,000 34

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 88 $3,900 $5,000 $7,000 $10,000 $15,000 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 88 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 – 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 89 – 5,000 6,250 10,000 15,000 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 3,000 5,000 8,000 – 15,000 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 88 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 84 3,000 5,000 9,000 12,500 17,500 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 91 3,000 5,000 7,500 11,000 15,000 9

New England ..................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 7,500 – 15,000 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 91 3,000 5,000 7,500 12,000 17,333 9

South ..................................................................... 90 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 89 3,900 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 11

East South Central ............................................ 89 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 11

West South Central ........................................... 91 4,000 5,000 – 10,000 15,000 9

Midwest ................................................................. 79 3,000 5,000 6,500 10,000 15,000 21

East North Central ............................................. 77 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 23

West North Central ............................................ 84 – 5,000 8,000 12,500 17,500 16

West ...................................................................... 88 4,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 20,000 12

Mountain ............................................................ 85 5,000 6,000 10,000 12,500 20,000 15

Pacific ................................................................ 90 3,500 5,000 8,000 10,000 20,000 10

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 – $0.00 $182.48 $534.24 $0.00 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 $579.05 0.00 632.32 1,242.62 2,164.24 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1,310.85 0.00 0.00 1,207.01 1,019.70 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 209.29 0.00 345.76 164.23 0.00 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 2.0 291.97 25.81 0.00 288.53 990.54 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.4 – 72.99 0.00 260.44 1,727.95 3.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.1 – 0.00 397.71 1,572.82 0.00 4.1

Service ................................................................... 1.6 283.19 0.00 1,298.56 0.00 932.95 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 4.8 698.39 1,016.19 0.00 1,047.48 2,658.56 4.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 484.66 0.00 1,118.06 730.44 0.00 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 0.00 638.69 182.48 2,415.22 1,127.32 2.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 631.13 0.00 910.87 594.82 0.00 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 – 103.23 586.01 516.14 0.00 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 452.62 792.91 397.71 0.00 182.48 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 14.75 0.00 664.25 0.00 865.59 2.0

Production ......................................................... 2.7 0.00 0.00 700.84 456.21 0.00 2.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.6 – 1,175.07 961.29 0.00 2,036.14 2.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 – 0.00 349.77 581.44 0.00 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 3.1 966.47 0.00 864.54 – 3,481.05 3.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 223.49 372.71 182.48 986.48 1,521.89 1.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 369.80 0.00 129.03 1,133.29 1,732.54 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 776.31 0.00 1,365.24 0.00 1,482.50 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 405.32 0.00 473.14 1,017.34 0.00 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 – 0.00 358.52 0.00 0.00 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 – 0.00 1,269.34 739.08 3,532.32 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 858.45 0.00 0.00 961.29 1,264.76 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 – 0.00 0.00 903.24 0.00 1.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 – 0.00 0.00 98.82 0.00 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 163.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,434.87 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 135.33 131.59 1,091.09 1,050.31 1,347.42 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.9 72.99 0.00 0.00 622.08 1,270.68 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 787.64 0.00 706.75 0.00 4,510.06 2.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 – 0.00 794.88 0.00 2,302.83 1.8

Hospitals .................................................... 2.4 548.66 0.00 265.13 0.00 0.00 2.4

Public administration ......................................... 3.4 142.49 293.11 0.00 755.27 0.00 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 $325.07 $0.00 $781.36 $0.00 $0.00 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 77.42 0.00 410.49 0.00 – 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 – 0.00 1,204.31 0.00 0.00 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 98.09 0.00 212.88 – 0.00 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 – 0.00 364.97 280.08 0.00 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 89.83 0.00 1,404.84 514.12 2,263.86 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 57.82 0.00 328.98 1,214.57 3,418.06 1.4

New England ..................................................... 1.7 614.16 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 56.55 0.00 491.35 1,935.19 3,725.85 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.1 429.72 0.00 499.75 172.21 0.00 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 221.89 0.00 779.57 1,739.85 0.00 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 220.33 0.00 570.25 0.00 0.00 2.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 547.45 0.00 – 1,187.67 3,857.14 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 178.65 0.00 934.91 1,305.67 0.00 1.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 58.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 – 0.00 447.50 1,730.31 2,568.86 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.3 91.24 978.46 1,120.16 1,837.81 2,375.00 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 3.2 875.16 1,413.51 1,961.57 2,977.60 3,440.80 3.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 626.47 930.48 508.01 1,529.49 4,823.12 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave2

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 76 72 74 59 62 34 15 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 89 77 78 81 51 25 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 96 94 95 82 84 53 28 94

Professional and related .................................... 75 88 69 76 80 50 24 93

Teachers ........................................................ 36 85 20 75 80 56 24 93

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 32 96 19 81 87 59 27 96

Registered nurses ......................................... 89 90 89 75 82 50 23 95

Service ................................................................... 54 51 55 36 40 19 9 81

Protective service .............................................. 79 77 76 62 64 51 18 91

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 75 80 59 60 32 14 89

Sales and related ............................................... 74 64 72 46 48 23 8 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 87 81 85 67 67 38 17 90

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 82 63 80 49 51 24 10 85

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 70 51 68 34 38 17 8 82

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 74 91 62 62 31 11 87

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 83 63 81 61 60 31 7 88

Production ......................................................... 90 62 87 65 63 31 8 88

Transportation and material moving .................. 76 65 75 58 57 31 6 87

Full time ................................................................. 88 84 87 71 73 42 18 91

Part time ................................................................ 40 36 35 26 28 13 5 79

Union ..................................................................... 80 87 74 82 84 54 19 93

Nonunion ............................................................... 75 69 74 56 58 31 14 87

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 54 46 52 31 33 14 6 81

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 42 31 42 22 25 9 4 77

Second 25 percent ............................................ 83 72 82 62 64 32 13 88

Third 25 percent ................................................ 89 85 88 72 74 43 18 91

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 83 91 80 81 83 54 25 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 83 92 80 82 85 57 26 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 90 67 88 62 63 32 9 88

Service-providing industries .................................. 73 72 71 59 61 35 16 88

Education and health services ........................... 73 84 67 73 76 44 21 93

Educational services ...................................... 53 89 41 79 83 60 25 92

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 40 91 27 79 84 59 26 92

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 81 89 71 85 88 70 23 96

Health care and social assistance ................. 85 81 83 69 72 34 18 94

Hospitals .................................................... 93 93 93 84 88 49 28 95

Public administration ......................................... 91 91 90 85 89 77 25 96

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave2

Paid Unpaid

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 69 61 68 45 48 21 11 82

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 59 67 40 43 19 10 80

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 67 69 57 60 28 13 88

100 workers or more .............................................. 82 82 80 74 75 48 19 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 82 77 79 67 67 38 15 94

500 workers or more .......................................... 83 88 81 83 86 60 24 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 75 74 73 66 73 39 18 87

New England ..................................................... 73 73 70 66 74 41 14 91

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 76 74 74 66 72 39 19 86

South ..................................................................... 78 70 76 62 65 38 15 87

South Atlantic .................................................... 80 70 76 64 65 38 14 89

East South Central ............................................ 80 70 79 57 63 36 12 84

West South Central ........................................... 75 70 74 61 66 39 17 84

Midwest ................................................................. 74 67 74 59 59 30 13 90

East North Central ............................................. 75 67 74 60 59 29 15 89

West North Central ............................................ 72 68 73 58 60 31 11 91

West ...................................................................... 74 77 71 50 50 30 14 90

Mountain ............................................................ 72 65 70 50 53 31 14 89

Pacific ................................................................ 75 83 71 51 48 29 14 90

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.4 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.5 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.9 2.3 3.2 2.5 2.8 2.6 1.8 0.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.3 1.7 1.3 3.0 3.6 3.7 3.0 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 2.7 3.7 4.4 4.3 4.1 1.7 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.1 0.7 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.1 0.7 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 2.4 3.1 2.0 2.6 1.7 1.2 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 2.1 1.4 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.0

Production ......................................................... 1.3 2.5 1.5 2.1 2.1 1.8 0.8 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.8 0.5 1.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.3 0.7 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.0 1.5 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.3 2.2 2.2 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 2.6 1.8 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.6 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 0.8 1.1

New England ..................................................... 1.6 3.0 1.7 3.0 2.3 2.4 1.3 3.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 2.6 2.6 5.1 5.0 4.5 1.7 3.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 2.8 3.3 1.6 2.2 1.2 0.8 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 2.0 2.1 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.7 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.4 0.7 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 3.6 5.1 4.6 1.6 2.7 1.8 1.9 1.1

West ...................................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.6 2.5 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.6 0.9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 7 3 22 13 12 10 13 8 6 3 1 2 8 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 16 13 13 12 15 10 9 4 2 3 9 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 1 14 10 15 12 20 9 9 3 2 3 9 9

Professional and related .................................... 3 1 17 14 12 12 12 10 9 4 2 3 9 9

Teachers ........................................................ 6 – 17 – 5 6 12 12 7 6 4 12 10 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 5 26 – 4 4 9 10 – 3 3 13 9 7

Registered nurses ......................................... – 1 28 18 19 13 6 6 3 2 1 – 8 8

Service ................................................................... 12 6 26 16 9 6 7 6 6 3 1 2 7 7

Protective service .............................................. – – – 7 4 12 15 17 18 8 3 1 10 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 12 3 23 12 12 8 14 6 4 2 1 1 8 7

Sales and related ............................................... 26 5 30 11 10 7 5 3 1 – – – 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 2 20 13 14 9 18 7 6 3 1 2 8 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 5 30 17 11 8 11 6 3 2 1 1 8 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 7 6 30 15 12 8 7 6 3 3 1 2 8 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4 4 30 18 10 7 14 7 4 2 1 1 8 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 23 12 16 10 12 9 4 2 2 () 2 8 8

Production ......................................................... 3 2 21 10 13 13 17 11 5 2 2 () 3 9 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 4 25 15 21 7 8 6 3 2 2 () 2 8 7

Full time ................................................................. 4 3 20 13 13 10 14 9 6 3 1 2 8 8

Part time ................................................................ 24 4 32 15 9 4 6 2 2 2 2 () 1 6 6

Union ..................................................................... 2 2 14 9 11 8 12 15 13 5 3 5 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 3 23 14 13 10 13 6 5 2 1 2 8 8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 19 7 33 15 9 5 6 2 1 1 2 () 1 6 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23 5 37 15 9 3 4 1 1 1 – – 6 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 4 24 15 13 9 12 7 5 2 1 2 8 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 2 19 13 13 10 16 10 7 3 2 3 9 9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 1 14 12 14 13 16 10 10 4 2 3 9 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 1 11 11 14 13 17 9 13 5 1 3 9 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3 3 18 12 12 14 17 9 8 2 1 2 9 9

Service-providing industries .................................. 8 3 23 14 13 9 12 7 6 3 1 2 8 8

Education and health services ........................... 3 3 24 16 9 8 10 7 8 5 3 5 9 8

Educational services ...................................... 4 3 7 4 5 8 13 11 12 11 8 15 11 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6 4 13 6 4 7 11 11 7 7 6 16 11 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1 1 1 3 5 8 13 12 18 16 10 13 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 – 32 21 10 8 8 5 6 2 – – 8 7

Hospitals .................................................... 1 2 32 23 12 10 8 5 4 2 – – 8 7

Public administration ......................................... – – – – 2 8 16 28 26 12 4 3 11 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 4 26 15 12 9 11 6 3 2 1 1 7 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 9 4 27 16 12 8 11 5 3 2 2 () 1 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 4 25 13 13 10 10 7 4 2 1 1 8 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 2 18 12 13 10 14 9 8 4 2 3 9 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 3 21 12 13 10 13 8 6 3 2 2 8 8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 1 14 11 12 10 16 12 11 5 2 4 9 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 2 16 14 11 9 13 10 10 3 1 3 9 9

New England ..................................................... 7 – 13 13 10 9 17 15 8 3 – 2 9 9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6 3 17 14 11 8 12 9 11 3 1 3 9 8

South ..................................................................... 9 3 22 13 12 11 12 6 5 3 1 2 8 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 9 2 24 13 12 11 13 6 6 2 1 1 8 8

East South Central ............................................ 10 5 21 11 11 9 14 7 5 6 1 2 8 8

West South Central ........................................... 9 5 21 16 13 12 8 7 4 2 2 2 8 7

Midwest ................................................................. 5 2 26 14 14 9 13 6 4 3 1 3 8 8

East North Central ............................................. 5 2 25 16 13 8 14 6 4 3 1 3 8 8

West North Central ............................................ 4 2 30 11 15 9 12 8 4 2 1 2 8 8

West ...................................................................... 6 4 21 13 13 9 13 9 6 3 2 2 8 8

Mountain ............................................................ 7 3 25 13 15 7 16 7 4 1 1 1 8 8

Pacific ................................................................ 6 5 19 12 12 9 12 10 6 3 2 2 8 8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 0.2 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.3 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1

Teachers ........................................................ 0.7 – 4.2 – 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 2.3 0.3 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 1.9 6.3 – 1.4 1.5 2.4 2.6 – 0.8 1.5 3.7 0.4 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... – 0.5 3.9 3.5 5.4 3.4 1.3 1.4 0.6 0.9 0.3 – 0.1 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – – – 2.9 1.6 3.2 2.3 1.8 3.2 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.4 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 0.8 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.3 – – – 0.1 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 2.3 3.4 2.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 0.9 2.0 2.1 1.2 0.9 1.8 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.0 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 0.9 1.6 2.3 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 2 ( ) 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 1.3 2.7 3.4 1.9 1.0 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 – – 0.2 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.3 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.9 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 1.4 1.8 2.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.3 0.1 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 1.4 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 2.1 0.3 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.1 1.5 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 – 2.4 3.5 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.0 1.8 0.6 – – 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... 0.4 0.5 3.3 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 – – 0.2 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – – – – 0.5 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.1 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.1 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.8

New England ..................................................... 2.0 – 2.9 3.3 1.1 1.8 2.0 3.2 1.8 1.1 – 0.9 0.2 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.5 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.2

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.8 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 0.9 2.5 3.0 1.9 2.2 2.9 1.6 1.3 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 0.6 1.2 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.9

Midwest ................................................................. 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 0.4 1.0 1.7 2.2 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 0.6 0.3 2.5 1.2 2.2 0.9 1.2 1.9 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.0

West ...................................................................... 0.7 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 0.7 3.8 3.3 2.9 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.8

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian workers,1 March

2017

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

All workers ............................................................. 71 4 25

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 5 26

Management, business, and financial ............... 65 7 28

Professional and related .................................... 70 4 26

Teachers ........................................................ 90 2 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 91 1 8

Registered nurses ......................................... 50 1 50

Service ................................................................... 73 1 26

Protective service .............................................. 78 4 18

Sales and office ..................................................... 69 3 28

Sales and related ............................................... 66 3 31

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 3 27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 76 5 19

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 76 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 77 5 18

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 2 18

Production ......................................................... 75 3 22

Transportation and material moving .................. 84 2 14

Full time ................................................................. 71 4 25

Part time ................................................................ 74 1 25

Union ..................................................................... 88 2 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 68 4 28

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 2 26

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 2 26

Third 25 percent ................................................ 73 3 24

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 6 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 67 8 24

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 71 3 25

Education and health services ........................... 71 1 28

Educational services ...................................... 91 2 7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 92 1 7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 4 6

Health care and social assistance ................. 56 6 ( ) 43

Hospitals .................................................... 50 1 48

Public administration ......................................... 87 3 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 73 5 22

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 71 6 23

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 2 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 3 27

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 71 2 27

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 4 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 75 4 21

New England ..................................................... 70 4 26

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 77 5 19

South ..................................................................... 70 4 26

South Atlantic .................................................... 69 5 26

East South Central ............................................ 76 5 19

West South Central ........................................... 68 3 29

Midwest ................................................................. 70 3 27

East North Central ............................................. 72 3 25

West North Central ............................................ 66 3 31

West ...................................................................... 71 3 25

Mountain ............................................................ 62 3 35

Pacific ................................................................ 75 3 22

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 6 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.4 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.6 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.2 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 0.7 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 0.4 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.6 0.3 1.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 0.3 2.3

Service ................................................................... 2.0 0.3 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 4.3 0.6 4.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 0.5 1.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.5 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.3 1.4 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.6 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 2.0 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 0.4 1.7

Production ......................................................... 2.4 0.5 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 0.7 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.4 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 0.3 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 0.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.4 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 0.4 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.4 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.4 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.4 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 0.2 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.3 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.3 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 0.7 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 0.2 2.2

Hospitals .................................................... 3.3 0.5 3.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 0.7 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.6 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 0.7 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 0.8 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.5 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.3 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 0.9 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.8

New England ..................................................... 2.2 1.2 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 0.6 1.0

South ..................................................................... 2.0 0.9 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.1 1.5 2.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 1.4 2.6

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 0.8 2.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.6 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 0.8 2.0

West North Central ............................................ 3.4 0.8 4.0

West ...................................................................... 2.0 0.7 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 1.3 4.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 0.9 1.6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 22 44 29 5186

Full time ................................................................. 20 43 31 5187

Part time ................................................................ 34 50 13 2 4 () 6 6

Union ..................................................................... 16 27 47 10 4 ( ) 9 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 48 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 48 21 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 51 19 3175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 42 26 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 18 40 35 7198

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 22 47 26 5186

500 workers or more .......................................... 13 33 45 9 1 10 10

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 21 44 29 6186

Full time ................................................................. 19 43 31 6197

Part time ................................................................ 33 51 13 3 4 () 7 6

Union ..................................................................... 14 27 47 11 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 48 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 48 21 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 51 19 3176

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28 42 25 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 40 35 7198

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 21 47 26 5186

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 32 44 10 2 10 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March

2017—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 21 43 29 6197

Full time ................................................................. 19 42 31 6197

Part time ................................................................ 32 50 14 3 4 () 7 6

Union ..................................................................... 13 28 46 12 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 48 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 48 21 4176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 51 19 3176

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28 42 26 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 40 35 8 1 10 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 47 26 5196

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 32 45 10 2 11 10

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 21 43 29 6197

Full time ................................................................. 19 42 31 6197

Part time ................................................................ 32 50 14 3 4 () 7 6

Union ..................................................................... 13 27 46 12 1 11 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 48 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 48 21 4176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 51 19 4176

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28 41 26 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 40 35 8 1 10 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 47 26 5196

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 32 45 10 2 11 10

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian

workers,2 March 2017

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 4 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.0 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 2.6 2.3 – – 0.2 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.6 1.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 4 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.9 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.7 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 2.6 2.3 – – 0.2 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 4 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian

workers,2 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 2.0 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.5 1.7 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 2.5 2.2 – – 0.3 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 4 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 2.0 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.5 1.6 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 2.6 2.3 – – 0.3 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 4 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 56 21 35 44

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 67 30 37 33

Management, business, and financial ............... 53 21 32 47

Professional and related .................................... 72 33 39 28

Teachers ........................................................ 86 49 37 14

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 88 50 38 12

Service ................................................................... 61 22 39 39

Protective service .............................................. 76 45 31 24

Sales and office ..................................................... 49 15 34 51

Sales and related ............................................... 47 7 39 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 51 19 31 49

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 42 13 29 58

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 41 13 28 59

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 41 10 31 59

Transportation and material moving .................. 45 10 35 55

Full time ................................................................. 56 22 34 44

Part time ................................................................ 52 13 39 48

Union ..................................................................... 73 36 37 27

Nonunion ............................................................... 51 17 35 49

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 48 12 36 52

Second 25 percent ............................................ 52 19 34 48

Third 25 percent ................................................ 58 21 36 42

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 63 28 34 37

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 60 25 35 40

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 59 23 37 41

Education and health services ........................... 81 37 45 19

Educational services ...................................... 87 51 35 13

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 87 52 36 13

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 56 33 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 75 19 56 25

Hospitals .................................................... 92 29 64 8

Public administration ......................................... 94 58 36 6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 45 14 31 55

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 38 10 28 62

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 59 22 37 41

100 workers or more .............................................. 65 26 38 35

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 57 18 39 43

500 workers or more .......................................... 74 35 38 26

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 54 16 38 46

New England ..................................................... 58 13 44 42

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 52 16 36 48

South ..................................................................... 58 25 33 42

South Atlantic .................................................... 60 27 33 40

East South Central ............................................ 53 21 32 47

West South Central ........................................... 56 24 32 44

Midwest ................................................................. 52 18 34 48

East North Central ............................................. 49 18 31 51

West North Central ............................................ 59 18 41 41

West ...................................................................... 59 22 37 41

Mountain ............................................................ 68 23 45 32

Pacific ................................................................ 56 22 34 44

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.0 1.1 2.2 2.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 2.3 2.3 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 2.8 2.8 1.4

Service ................................................................... 2.3 1.3 2.4 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 6.7 4.5 3.7 6.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 0.9 1.5 1.6

Sales and related ............................................... 2.9 0.9 3.0 2.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 1.2 2.1 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.2 2.0 2.5 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 1.5 2.6 2.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 1.1 2.4 2.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.5 0.9 2.6 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 1.3 2.2 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 1.6 1.7 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 2.4 2.1 1.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 2.4 2.7 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.6 2.7 2.7 3.6

Hospitals .................................................... 1.7 2.0 2.8 1.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 2.2 1.8 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 0.9 1.4 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 1.7 2.9 2.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 1.2 1.8 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 1.2 2.2 1.7

New England ..................................................... 3.2 1.3 3.2 3.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.4 2.3 1.9

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 1.7 2.6 2.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.2 1.7 3.6 3.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 1.8 3.3 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 1.5 2.3 2.8

West North Central ............................................ 1.4 2.9 2.4 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.9 1.0 2.0 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 5.2 2.2 5.8 5.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.0 1.9 1.9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 7 30 37 16 7 2 11 10

Full time ................................................................. 5 28 40 18 7 2 11 10

Part time ................................................................ 27 44 20 54175

Union ..................................................................... 7 31 43 13 4 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 30 36 17 7 2 11 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 39 35 11 4 1 9 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 11 39 36 10 4 1 9 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 39 34 14 4 1 9 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 23 39 21 9 3 12 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 28 40 18 6 2 11 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 16 39 24 14 4 14 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 10 32 35 15 6 15 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 8 31 37 16 6 15 15

Part time ................................................................ 7 27 37 20 6 2 12 10

Union ..................................................................... 1 7 38 40 11 4 14 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 10 31 35 16 6 15 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 15 36 33 11 2 13 13

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 17 35 32 11 2 13 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 10 38 34 12 2 14 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 6 28 38 19 9 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 7 34 36 16 6 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 4 22 39 21 12 17 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 15 38 24 14 17 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 14 39 26 15 18 17

Part time ................................................................ 7 19 26 33 9 6 14 14

Union ..................................................................... 4 ( ) 3 12 52 24 9 18 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 16 36 24 15 17 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 11 22 36 21 7 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 13 23 35 19 7 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 7 19 39 25 7 16 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 10 40 26 20 19 19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 13 42 24 16 18 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 3 8 37 28 24 20 20

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 6 11 19 33 29 20 20

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 11 18 35 30 21 20

Part time ................................................................ 6 18 15 25 20 15 16 16

Union ..................................................................... 4 ( ) 2 4 12 48 33 22 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 13 20 30 28 20 20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 11 18 23 28 17 17 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 12 20 24 26 16 16 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 6 15 22 34 19 18 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 6 16 37 38 23 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 3 7 20 36 33 22 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 2 5 11 37 44 24 23

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2

March 2017

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.9 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.1 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 4 ( )

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.6 1.7 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 1.1 2.1 2.1 1.8 0.8 0.3 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.5 1.4 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.2 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 1.0 1.8 2.9 2.4 1.4 0.3 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 2.0 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.8 1.7 0.2 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.2 4 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 1.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.4 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.2 0.9

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2017

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 33 15 19 22 24 67 9 13 15 18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 41 17 21 24 26 59 11 15 17 20

Management, business, and financial ............... 37 17 21 23 26 63 11 15 17 20

Professional and related .................................... 43 17 21 24 26 57 11 15 17 20

Teachers ........................................................ 21 12 13 13 13 79 12 14 16 18

Registered nurses ......................................... 70 19 23 26 28 30 11 15 17 19

Service ................................................................... 32 14 18 21 23 68 7 11 14 16

Protective service .............................................. 19 16 20 23 26 81 10 13 15 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 36 13 18 21 24 64 8 13 15 18

Sales and related ............................................... 34 11 16 19 23 66 7 12 14 17

Office and administrative support ...................... 37 15 19 22 25 63 9 13 16 18

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 19 11 15 18 21 81 7 11 13 16

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 22 10 14 17 19 78 7 11 13 15

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 18 12 17 19 22 82 7 11 14 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 20 11 15 18 21 80 7 11 15 18

Production ......................................................... 22 11 15 18 21 78 7 11 15 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 18 12 15 18 22 82 7 12 15 18

Full time ................................................................. 33 15 20 23 25 67 9 13 16 18

Part time ................................................................ 34 10 15 16 18 66 6 10 12 15

Union ..................................................................... 15 15 20 23 27 85 9 13 17 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 36 15 19 22 24 64 9 12 15 17

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30 11 16 18 20 70 6 11 13 15

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23 10 15 17 19 77 5 10 12 13

Second 25 percent ............................................ 33 14 19 22 25 67 8 12 15 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 32 15 19 23 25 68 9 13 16 19

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 36 17 21 23 26 64 11 15 17 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 36 17 21 23 26 64 12 16 18 21

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 24 11 15 18 21 76 7 11 15 18

Service-providing industries .................................. 35 15 19 22 25 65 9 13 16 18

Education and health services ........................... 49 17 21 24 26 51 11 15 17 19

Educational services ...................................... 12 14 15 17 17 88 13 15 18 20

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 13 11 12 12 12 87 11 13 16 18

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8 18 21 23 25 92 15 17 19 22

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 17 22 25 27 38 10 14 17 19

Hospitals .................................................... 77 20 25 28 31 23 13 16 19 21

Public administration ......................................... 10 17 22 25 29 90 11 14 17 22

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 28 12 17 19 20 72 8 12 14 16

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 12 16 19 20 73 8 12 14 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 30 13 17 20 21 70 8 12 15 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 37 16 20 23 27 63 10 14 17 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 37 14 19 22 25 63 9 13 16 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 38 18 22 25 28 62 11 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 29 16 20 22 25 71 9 14 16 19

New England ..................................................... 34 16 21 23 26 66 9 13 16 19

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 27 15 19 22 25 73 9 14 16 19

South ..................................................................... 31 14 18 21 24 69 8 12 15 17

South Atlantic .................................................... 31 15 19 22 24 69 9 12 15 17

East South Central ............................................ 24 15 19 22 25 76 8 12 15 17

West South Central ........................................... 35 13 17 20 22 65 8 12 14 17

Midwest ................................................................. 36 15 19 23 25 64 8 13 16 19

East North Central ............................................. 33 15 20 23 26 67 8 13 16 19

West North Central ............................................ 40 14 19 21 24 60 8 12 16 19

West ...................................................................... 37 14 19 22 24 63 9 13 15 18

Mountain ............................................................ 43 14 18 21 23 57 9 13 15 17

Pacific ................................................................ 34 14 19 22 24 66 9 13 15 18

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2017

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 5.3 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 5.3 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 3.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1

Service ................................................................... 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 3.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 3.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Production ......................................................... 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.0 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5

Hospitals .................................................... 1.9 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.9 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

New England ..................................................... 1.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.2 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.1 2.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.6 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 2.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6

West ...................................................................... 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.0 3.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 11 6 7 43 55

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 18 13 12 58 70

Management, business, and financial ............... 19 20 14 58 72

Professional and related .................................... 18 10 11 58 69

Teachers ........................................................ 13 4 8 53 67

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 11 3 4 53 66

Registered nurses ......................................... 24 3 10 72 83

Service ................................................................... 7 1 5 27 39

Protective service .............................................. 12 2 8 47 63

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 6 6 43 57

Sales and related ............................................... 4 4 3 38 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 12 7 8 46 59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 2 4 30 39

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4 1 3 22 28

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 2 4 38 49

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 2 39 51

Production ......................................................... 7 3 1 42 50

Transportation and material moving .................. 3 3 3 37 52

Full time ................................................................. 13 8 8 49 61

Part time ................................................................ 4 2 3 25 37

Union ..................................................................... 16 3 11 55 77

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 7 6 41 51

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 2 2 25 35

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 1 3 17 28

Second 25 percent ............................................ 9 3 5 40 54

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 7 9 51 62

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 20 15 13 60 73

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 22 20 15 62 77

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 6 2 43 50

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 6 8 43 55

Education and health services ........................... 16 4 8 55 69

Educational services ...................................... 13 5 10 57 72

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 9 3 4 52 67

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 25 7 21 76 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 3 7 53 66

Hospitals .................................................... 37 3 15 85 95

Public administration ......................................... 17 6 17 64 82

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 5 4 24 34

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 5 4 21 29

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 4 4 35 47

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 8 10 61 76

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10 6 6 53 67

500 workers or more .......................................... 26 10 14 72 87

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 8 10 40 56

New England ..................................................... 17 10 12 43 58

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 15 8 9 39 55

South ..................................................................... 10 6 5 47 56

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 7 5 49 60

East South Central ............................................ 7 3 2 42 53

West South Central ........................................... 10 6 5 48 52

Midwest ................................................................. 9 6 5 41 53

East North Central ............................................. 9 6 5 40 52

West North Central ............................................ 7 6 5 43 55

West ...................................................................... 10 6 10 39 53

Mountain ............................................................ 10 6 8 37 49

Pacific ................................................................ 10 5 11 40 55

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2017

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 1.6 0.9 1.8 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 0.8 0.6 1.5 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.1 0.8 2.1 2.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 1.4 0.9 2.8 2.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.1 1.3 1.4 3.1 2.3

Service ................................................................... 0.8 0.1 0.7 1.0 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 1.6 0.8 1.4 3.2 4.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.1 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 1.0 0.4 1.5 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.0 0.5 0.7 2.0 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.7

Production ......................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.3 2.0 2.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.2 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.9 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.9 0.4 1.3 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.7 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.9 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 0.7 0.7 2.7 3.2

Hospitals .................................................... 3.0 0.7 2.0 2.1 1.1

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.1 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.9 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.8

New England ..................................................... 2.1 1.5 1.3 2.7 3.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.9

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 1.4 0.4 3.7 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 0.8 1.0 2.7 3.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.6 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.3 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.2 2.1

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 0.7 1.2 0.6 1.5 1.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

All workers ............................................................. 27 19 41 44 23 20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 39 29 59 64 34 28

Management, business, and financial ............... 49 30 63 67 28 30

Professional and related .................................... 36 29 58 63 37 27

Teachers ........................................................ 32 34 54 61 56 24

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 33 37 54 63 58 23

Registered nurses ......................................... 33 35 72 75 32 33

Service ................................................................... 12 11 25 26 17 10

Protective service .............................................. 22 25 46 51 40 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 30 17 39 41 19 23

Sales and related ............................................... 26 10 31 31 11 21

Office and administrative support ...................... 33 22 43 47 24 25

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 19 13 28 31 19 16

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 13 9 17 20 17 10

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 24 17 39 41 20 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 21 18 39 40 19 16

Production ......................................................... 25 20 39 40 18 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 18 17 38 40 20 15

Full time ................................................................. 33 24 49 52 27 24

Part time ................................................................ 10 6 19 19 12 10

Union ..................................................................... 27 21 56 60 45 25

Nonunion ............................................................... 27 19 39 41 20 20

Average wage within the following categories:7

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 11 8 19 20 12 10

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 5 13 13 9 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 26 19 39 42 21 19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 34 24 51 54 28 25

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 41 29 63 67 35 31

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 46 29 66 70 34 32

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 27 18 39 40 16 20

Service-providing industries .................................. 27 20 42 45 24 20

Education and health services ........................... 30 29 52 58 37 23

Educational services ...................................... 35 36 59 65 55 24

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 32 37 53 60 55 21

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 44 37 78 82 64 36

Health care and social assistance ................. 27 24 48 53 25 22

Hospitals .................................................... 36 44 81 87 39 42

Public administration ......................................... 35 35 64 69 65 31

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Stock options

Total5 Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 7 2 1 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 8 4 2 5

Management, business, and financial ............... 13 6 3 9

Professional and related .................................... 6 3 1 3

Teachers ........................................................ 6 () – – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 1 – – 1

Service ................................................................... 3 6 ( ) 6 () 3

Protective service .............................................. 1 6 () – 1

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 2 1 8

Sales and related ............................................... 9 2 1 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 9 3 2 7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 2 6 () 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2 – – 1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 7 4 – 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 9 1 1 8

Production ......................................................... 6 1 1 4

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 6 ( ) 1 11

Full time ................................................................. 8 3 1 6

Part time ................................................................ 5 1 6 () 5

Union ..................................................................... 7 2 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 7 2 1 5

Average wage within the following categories:7

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 1 6 () 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3 – – 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 1 1 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 7 2 1 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 10 5 2 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 7 3 7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 8 3 1 5

Service-providing industries .................................. 7 2 1 5

Education and health services ........................... 2 6 ( ) 6 () 1

Educational services ...................................... 1 – 6 () –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6 () – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1 – 1 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 6 ( ) 6 () –

Hospitals .................................................... 1 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 2 6 () 1 1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 18 10 24 25 15 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 16 8 20 21 13 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 22 17 33 36 22 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 36 28 59 63 31 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 34 22 49 51 24 26

500 workers or more .......................................... 39 36 72 77 40 36

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 22 14 40 45 27 21

New England ..................................................... 24 13 43 49 23 20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 21 14 39 43 28 21

South ..................................................................... 26 24 42 44 23 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 27 22 42 44 24 22

East South Central ............................................ 27 25 36 39 22 21

West South Central ........................................... 24 28 45 47 23 21

Midwest ................................................................. 31 21 43 46 23 19

East North Central ............................................. 30 19 43 45 24 19

West North Central ............................................ 33 25 43 47 21 19

West ...................................................................... 29 14 39 42 20 19

Mountain ............................................................ 28 15 38 40 18 21

Pacific ................................................................ 29 14 40 42 21 18

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Stock options

Total5 Performance Signing Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 1 4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 1 1 4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5 2 1 4

100 workers or more .............................................. 9 3 1 7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 2 1 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 10 3 2 7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 2 1 5

New England ..................................................... 6 1 1 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 2 2 5

South ..................................................................... 6 2 1 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 2 1 5

East South Central ............................................ 8 1 1 6

West South Central ........................................... 5 2 1 3

Midwest ................................................................. 7 2 1 6

East North Central ............................................. 7 2 1 6

West North Central ............................................ 7 2 6 () 6

West ...................................................................... 9 4 1 6

Mountain ............................................................ 8 2 1 6

Pacific ................................................................ 9 4 2 5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 3 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 4 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 5 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have

access to more than one type of stock option. 6 Less than 0.5. 7 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.9 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.3 3.0

Service ................................................................... 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 3.1 3.9 4.2 3.5 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:6

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.6 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.0 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 2.2 1.3 1.6 2.1 2.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 1.6 2.8 3.3 2.6 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 2.0 2.6 2.2 1.6 2.9 2.9

Public administration ......................................... 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.4 2.0 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.7 0.4 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 5 () – – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.5 – – 0.3

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 0.5 0.1 – 0.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.5 – – 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 0.7 – 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.9

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 0.2 0.2 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:6

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 – – 0.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.3 – 0.2 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.2 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 – 0.5 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 0.1 0.1 –

Hospitals .................................................... 0.4 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.6

New England ..................................................... 1.0 1.5 2.2 3.1 3.1 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.9 2.0

South ..................................................................... 1.7 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.6 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 4.9 1.4 3.2 2.5 2.8 3.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 1.2 2.4 2.8 1.4 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.0 1.9 2.8 2.3 1.1 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.4 0.6 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.8 1.2 1.7 2.7 1.9 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 0.7 1.8 1.7 2.4 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.8

New England ..................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.3 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 0.5 0.3 1.0

South ..................................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.9

West ...................................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 0.5 5 ( ) 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 3 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 4 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 5 Less than 0.05. 6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 18 22 20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 29 35 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 34 33 30

Professional and related .................................... 27 36 33

Teachers ........................................................ 26 56 51

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 24 61 53

Registered nurses ......................................... 22 23 17

Service ................................................................... 9 13 11

Protective service .............................................. 18 47 41

Sales and office ..................................................... 18 18 17

Sales and related ............................................... 13 9 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 21 24 23

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 17 17

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 7 12 13

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 17 22 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 14 19 16

Production ......................................................... 14 16 14

Transportation and material moving .................. 14 21 18

Full time ................................................................. 22 27 25

Part time ................................................................ 7 7 7

Union ..................................................................... 25 56 50

Nonunion ............................................................... 17 17 15

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 7 7 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 4 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 15 17 16

Third 25 percent ................................................ 22 28 27

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 33 41 38

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 37 41 38

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15 17 16

Service-providing industries .................................. 19 23 21

Education and health services ........................... 22 33 29

Educational services ...................................... 31 59 54

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 23 60 53

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 51 67 65

Health care and social assistance ................. 16 15 12

Hospitals .................................................... 29 32 24

Public administration ......................................... 28 72 71

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 10 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 8 8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 14 17 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 27 34 31

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 22 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 36 50 45

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17 24 23

New England ..................................................... 16 21 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 18 25 24

South ..................................................................... 21 25 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 22 25 22

East South Central ............................................ 19 25 21

West South Central ........................................... 19 26 23

Midwest ................................................................. 16 20 18

East North Central ............................................. 16 19 18

West North Central ............................................ 15 21 19

West ...................................................................... 18 19 17

Mountain ............................................................ 18 15 14

Pacific ................................................................ 18 21 19

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 3 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.4 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 2.2 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 2.9 2.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.6 1.9 2.0

Service ................................................................... 1.0 0.6 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.2 4.2 4.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.0 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 0.9 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 0.9 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.2 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.2 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.4 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.5 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.8 0.5 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.8 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.1 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.5 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.1 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.4 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.8 1.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 1.8 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.2 1.4 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 3.1 2.3 2.1

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.4 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 1.1 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.7

New England ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.1 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.9 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.2 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 3.7 1.8 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.8 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 0.8 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 0.8 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 2.0 2.0 2.2

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 0.8 0.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 1.2 0.9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 3 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses2

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus3

All workers ............................................................. 38 5 3 9 6 6 2 5 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 44 5 4 11 4 9 3 6 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 51 8 5 16 4 7 2 7 15

Professional and related .................................... 41 4 4 9 4 10 3 6 12

Teachers ........................................................ 26 – 2 1 1 13 4 – 9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 29 – 2 1 – 16 4 – 11

Registered nurses ......................................... 46 2 6 – 3 9 3 15 16

Service ................................................................... 24 1 2 5 6 4 3 4 6

Protective service .............................................. 30 1 3 1 1 12 7 1 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 40 9 3 11 5 4 2 5 8

Sales and related ............................................... 33 11 1 8 5 3 1 3 5

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 7 4 12 6 5 2 7 9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 6 2 12 10 4 2 4 10

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 33 3 1 13 10 3 – 1 5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 9 3 11 9 5 2 7 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 39 7 2 9 6 4 1 5 14

Production ......................................................... 43 9 2 10 7 3 1 4 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 36 5 1 7 6 4 1 5 13

Full time ................................................................. 43 6 4 11 6 7 3 5 13

Part time ................................................................ 21 3 1 4 5 1 1 4 4

Union ..................................................................... 39 5 5 3 1 16 4 4 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 37 6 3 10 6 4 2 5 9

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 3 1 6 6 1 2 4 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 1 1 5 5 1 1 3 4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 5 2 10 7 4 2 4 10

Third 25 percent ................................................ 44 6 3 12 5 8 3 5 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 48 8 6 12 3 11 2 6 15

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 50 8 5 13 3 12 2 6 17

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 47 10 3 13 9 4 1 3 14

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 5 3 9 5 6 2 5 10

Education and health services ........................... 34 5 ( ) 3 6 4 10 4 6 9

Educational services ...................................... 27 – 2 1 5 ( ) 14 4 5 () 8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 28 – 1 1 – 15 4 – 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 27 – 5 – 1 13 4 1 6

Health care and social assistance ................. 38 1 3 8 7 6 4 10 10

Hospitals .................................................... 41 2 4 5 1 10 3 15 14

Public administration ......................................... 41 – 6 2 1 19 10 – 14

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses2

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 3 2 12 8 4 1 3 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 34 3 2 13 9 3 1 3 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 36 4 2 9 6 5 1 5 9

100 workers or more .............................................. 41 8 4 6 3 8 3 7 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 40 8 3 6 4 7 3 7 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 43 7 5 6 1 9 4 6 17

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 39 4 3 12 3 9 2 5 10

New England ..................................................... 38 5 3 12 2 10 3 5 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 39 3 2 13 3 9 1 5 10

South ..................................................................... 40 5 3 10 8 3 2 5 13

South Atlantic .................................................... 42 5 4 10 8 4 3 6 14

East South Central ............................................ 39 5 – 10 8 2 3 5 11

West South Central ........................................... 39 6 3 10 8 2 1 5 12

Midwest ................................................................. 36 7 2 9 5 5 2 5 10

East North Central ............................................. 37 7 2 9 6 5 2 5 10

West North Central ............................................ 35 7 3 7 2 5 4 5 10

West ...................................................................... 34 5 3 7 5 8 2 5 7

Mountain ............................................................ 34 5 2 10 6 3 1 3 8

Pacific ................................................................ 33 5 3 5 4 10 – 5 7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 3 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 5 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.8 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 – 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 – 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 – 0.4 0.3 – 1.5 0.5 – 0.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 0.7 2.6 – 1.4 1.9 0.7 2.9 2.9

Service ................................................................... 1.8 0.1 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 3.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 1.7 1.0 0.2 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.3 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.8 0.7 – 0.3 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.8 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.9 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.2 1.3 1.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 0.2 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.8 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.6 1.3 0.4 0.8 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 0.1 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 – 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 – 0.2 0.3 – 1.4 0.5 – 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 – 0.6 – 0.3 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 0.2 1.2 1.5 2.1 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.9

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 0.7 0.6 1.6 0.4 1.6 0.6 1.7 1.9

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 – 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.0 – 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.3 0.6 0.5 2.3 0.4 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.2 1.0 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 0.3 – 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 0.7 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.0 0.3 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.4 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.6

West ...................................................................... 1.9 0.5 0.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.8 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.6

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 0.7 0.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 – 1.4 0.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1

, civilian 

workers,2 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 17 17 40 36

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 28 28 55 49

Management, business, and financial ............... 25 25 61 56

Professional and related .................................... 30 29 52 47

Teachers ........................................................ 49 48 45 41

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 58 57 47 44

Registered nurses ......................................... 22 22 44 39

Service ................................................................... 10 10 24 21

Protective service .............................................. 33 34 41 37

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 14 42 39

Sales and related ............................................... 6 6 36 32

Office and administrative support ...................... 19 19 46 43

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 11 30 25

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 10 10 20 21

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 15 12 39 30

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12 12 33 30

Production ......................................................... 9 8 31 29

Transportation and material moving .................. 15 15 35 31

Full time ................................................................. 21 20 47 42

Part time ................................................................ 7 7 17 17

Union ..................................................................... 46 43 61 51

Nonunion ............................................................... 13 13 36 33

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6 6 19 18

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 2 9 9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 14 14 38 36

Third 25 percent ................................................ 21 20 46 41

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 33 32 61 54

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 33 32 68 61

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 9 35 33

Service-providing industries .................................. 18 18 41 37

Education and health services ........................... 28 28 45 40

Educational services ...................................... 51 50 49 43

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 57 56 45 41

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 45 44 58 47

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 14 42 38

Hospitals .................................................... 26 27 51 42

Public administration ......................................... 56 56 50 46

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1

, civilian 

workers,2 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 8 27 26

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 7 25 24

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 14 13 33 33

100 workers or more .............................................. 26 26 52 46

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 17 18 47 43

500 workers or more .......................................... 36 36 60 49

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 22 22 47 41

New England ..................................................... 14 15 43 39

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 24 25 48 42

South ..................................................................... 17 17 32 30

South Atlantic .................................................... 17 17 34 30

East South Central ............................................ 17 16 31 28

West South Central ........................................... 17 17 30 30

Midwest ................................................................. 10 10 30 24

East North Central ............................................. 9 9 30 24

West North Central ............................................ 13 12 28 25

West ...................................................................... 21 21 57 54

Mountain ............................................................ 17 16 47 42

Pacific ................................................................ 23 23 62 60

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

civilian workers,2 March 2017

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 2.9 2.9 2.1 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.3 3.3 2.4 2.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.9 3.9 3.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.3 1.2 2.3 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.8 2.6 2.0 1.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.0

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

civilian workers,2 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.1 2.0 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 0.8 1.5 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 2.0 1.5 3.9 4.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 1.3 2.2 1.8

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 1.1 3.9 3.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.2

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 62 8 8 22 58 13 1 28

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 7 4 8 77 11 1 11

Management, business, and financial ............... 86 9 1 3 84 11 2 () 4

Professional and related .................................... 79 6 5 10 74 11 1 14

Teachers ........................................................ 82 1 3 14 74 10 1 16

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 – – 5 82 13 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 82 4 6 7 75 11 1 13

Service ................................................................... 36 8 11 45 33 11 2 54

Protective service .............................................. 66 – – 20 64 4 6 25

Sales and office ..................................................... 60 8 12 20 54 13 2 31

Sales and related ............................................... 46 8 21 25 40 14 2 44

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 8 7 17 63 13 2 23

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 13 4 22 55 19 1 24

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 56 12 6 27 47 20 2 31

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 67 14 2 17 63 18 1 19

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 66 9 5 20 62 13 1 24

Production ......................................................... 71 10 3 16 67 14 1 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 62 8 7 23 57 13 1 29

Full time ................................................................. 78 10 3 10 73 14 1 11

Part time ................................................................ 16 3 22 59 11 8 2 79

Union ..................................................................... 92 3 3 3 85 9 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 58 9 8 25 53 13 1 32

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 29 8 16 47 23 13 2 62

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 17 7 18 59 14 10 2 75

Second 25 percent ............................................ 64 10 6 19 60 15 1 24

Third 25 percent ................................................ 78 8 4 10 74 13 1 12

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 6 2 4 84 10 1 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 5 3 4 84 9 1 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 73 12 2 13 69 16 1 15

Service-providing industries .................................. 61 7 8 23 56 12 1 31

Education and health services ........................... 74 5 6 15 68 11 1 20

Educational services ...................................... 84 2 4 10 77 10 1 13

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 86 2 4 8 75 13 1 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 2 3 7 86 4 1 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 67 8 7 18 62 12 1 24

Hospitals .................................................... 89 2 3 6 88 3 1 8

Public administration ......................................... 89 1 2 8 83 7 2 ( ) 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 27 44 1 28 51 19 7 22

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 41 47 1 11 64 23 3 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 37 59 2 ( ) 5 77 18 1 4

Professional and related .................................... 43 42 1 14 59 26 4 11

Teachers ........................................................ 70 14 2 14 39 45 1 15

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 87 8 – – 34 61 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 37 49 – – 72 14 6 8

Service ................................................................... 15 29 1 55 27 17 10 46

Protective service .............................................. 54 14 2 29 33 36 11 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 20 48 2 31 53 15 11 21

Sales and related ............................................... 9 45 2 44 43 11 20 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 26 50 2 23 59 17 6 18

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 27 47 2 ( ) 25 52 22 4 22

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 29 38 1 32 42 26 5 27

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 25 56 – – 61 19 2 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 24 51 1 24 57 18 5 20

Production ......................................................... 22 59 – 19 68 14 3 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 26 43 1 29 47 22 7 24

Full time ................................................................. 33 54 2 ( ) 12 65 23 3 10

Part time ................................................................ 7 12 4 77 12 8 20 61

Union ..................................................................... 80 14 2 4 45 50 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 18 49 1 33 53 14 8 25

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 7 30 2 62 25 12 15 48

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3 20 1 75 14 10 17 59

Second 25 percent ............................................ 21 54 1 24 55 20 5 20

Third 25 percent ................................................ 35 52 1 13 64 23 3 10

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 49 44 1 6 70 24 2 5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 47 47 1 6 74 20 2 4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 26 59 2 ( ) 15 68 17 2 13

Service-providing industries .................................. 27 41 1 31 49 19 8 24

Education and health services ........................... 41 39 1 19 52 27 5 16

Educational services ...................................... 70 16 3 11 40 46 2 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 81 7 3 9 28 60 1 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 33 2 8 66 23 2 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 21 53 2 ( ) 25 60 14 7 19

Hospitals .................................................... 45 46 1 8 78 13 2 7

Public administration ......................................... 85 5 2 8 35 55 1 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 46 12 10 33 41 16 1 41

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 40 12 10 38 36 17 1 46

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 60 10 9 21 56 13 1 29

100 workers or more .............................................. 79 4 6 11 74 9 1 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 6 8 14 66 13 1 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 2 3 7 85 5 1 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 64 7 8 21 58 12 1 28

New England ..................................................... 64 5 9 21 58 11 2 29

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 64 8 7 21 58 13 1 28

South ..................................................................... 63 8 8 21 60 11 2 27

South Atlantic .................................................... 63 7 8 22 60 11 1 28

East South Central ............................................ 65 8 7 19 57 17 1 25

West South Central ........................................... 62 10 9 20 61 10 2 27

Midwest ................................................................. 64 6 9 21 60 10 1 29

East North Central ............................................. 63 7 9 21 60 11 1 28

West North Central ............................................ 66 5 9 21 61 9 1 29

West ...................................................................... 59 10 6 26 52 17 1 30

Mountain ............................................................ 60 8 6 25 55 14 1 30

Pacific ................................................................ 58 11 5 26 50 19 1 30

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 13 44 1 42 40 18 9 34

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10 43 1 47 36 16 9 38

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 21 48 1 29 49 21 8 22

100 workers or more .............................................. 40 43 1 15 63 20 5 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 27 52 2 19 60 19 7 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 56 33 1 9 67 23 3 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 30 41 1 28 51 20 7 22

New England ..................................................... – 43 – 30 51 19 8 22

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 31 40 2 27 51 20 6 23

South ..................................................................... 27 44 1 28 52 19 8 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 29 42 1 29 55 16 8 22

East South Central ............................................ 24 49 1 25 55 19 6 20

West South Central ........................................... 26 46 1 28 47 24 8 20

Midwest ................................................................. 26 45 1 28 55 15 8 21

East North Central ............................................. 26 45 1 28 55 15 8 21

West North Central ............................................ 26 45 1 28 55 16 8 21

West ...................................................................... 25 44 1 30 47 22 5 26

Mountain ............................................................ 20 48 1 31 50 18 6 26

Pacific ................................................................ 27 42 1 30 45 24 5 26

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.7 1.6 1.3 0.1 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.8 0.4 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.2 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.3 0.4 0.5 2.2 2.1 1.3 0.2 2.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 – – 2.2 2.5 1.7 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 1.2 1.6 1.0 2.8 1.7 0.3 1.8

Service ................................................................... 1.6 0.7 1.3 2.0 1.2 0.9 0.3 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 3.9 – – 2.5 3.3 0.6 2.4 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.1 0.3 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.2 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.3 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 0.4 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.6 2.2 1.4 2.8 2.5 2.1 0.9 3.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.7 0.5 1.8 1.8 1.5 0.2 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.0 0.2 1.2

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.4 0.9 1.9 2.5 1.4 0.2 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.9 1.1 0.2 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.4 1.5 1.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.3 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 1.2 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.4 0.5 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.2 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 0.8 0.5 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.2 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.7 1.2 0.3 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 1.1 0.8 2.2 2.6 1.3 0.2 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.0 0.1 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.6 0.1 0.8 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 1.6 0.4 2.2 1.7 1.9 0.4 2.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.1 2.3 – – 2.1 2.3 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 3.9 – – 2.9 2.4 1.6 1.0

Service ................................................................... 0.7 1.3 0.1 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 2.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.9 3.0 0.6 3.5 2.6 3.6 2.5 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 1.6 0.3 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 1.6 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.6 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.8 0.2 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.2 3.0 0.3 2.9 2.7 2.7 1.3 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.5 2.1 – – 2.1 1.7 0.5 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 2.0 – 2.1 2.3 1.4 0.9 1.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.4 2.2 1.9 1.1 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 2 ( ) 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 1.2 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 1.6 0.2 1.9 1.8 1.4 2.3 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.6 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.9 0.2 0.9 1.7 1.3 0.5 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.5 0.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.6 1.7 1.0 0.5 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.4 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.7 0.7 0.9 1.9 1.8 0.5 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 2.2 0.2 2.5 2.7 1.4 0.8 2.2

Hospitals .................................................... 2.5 2.2 0.3 0.8 2.3 2.0 0.4 0.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 1.1 1.1 2.1 2.2 1.2 0.1 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.2 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.8

New England ..................................................... 2.0 1.1 2.5 2.3 1.8 0.7 0.7 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.4 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.2 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.9 0.9 0.3 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.0 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.7 3.2 0.2 3.9

West South Central ........................................... 4.0 1.1 2.0 2.4 2.8 1.1 0.6 3.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.4 1.0 2.1 1.7 0.7 0.2 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 0.5 1.5 2.6 1.6 0.9 0.3 1.8

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 0.7 0.5 3.8 4.0 1.0 0.2 3.6

West ...................................................................... 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 0.2 1.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.4 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.1 0.1 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.6 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 2.1 0.3 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.0 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.2

New England ..................................................... – 2.6 – 1.7 1.8 1.4 2.5 2.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.1

South ..................................................................... 0.8 1.3 0.1 1.4 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.1 1.5 2.2 1.7 0.9 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.9 2.6 0.3 3.6 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 3.3 0.1 3.4 3.8 0.9 1.9 2.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.3 0.1 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.2 2.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.7 0.2 1.8 1.5 0.8 1.7 2.8

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 1.7 0.2 3.6 2.2 1.7 0.5 3.9

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.7 0.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.8 0.2 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 2.3 0.2 1.8 2.0 1.5 0.7 1.8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

All workers ............................................................. 63 70

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 74 75

Management, business, and financial ............... 92 95

Professional and related .................................... 67 67

Teachers ........................................................ 18 16

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 16 13

Registered nurses ......................................... 86 86

Service ................................................................... 43 47

Protective service .............................................. 70 73

Sales and office ..................................................... 71 77

Sales and related ............................................... 59 67

Office and administrative support ...................... 78 83

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 60 75

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 46 60

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 73 89

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 60 78

Production ......................................................... 61 86

Transportation and material moving .................. 60 71

Full time ................................................................. 76 84

Part time ................................................................ 25 28

Union ..................................................................... 67 72

Nonunion ............................................................... 63 69

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 38 44

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 25 33

Second 25 percent ............................................ 67 79

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 85

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 77 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 78 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 65 85

Service-providing industries .................................. 63 67

Education and health services ........................... 63 64

Educational services ...................................... 41 37

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 22

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 70 69

Health care and social assistance ................. 78 81

Hospitals .................................................... 92 92

Public administration ......................................... 90 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 54 62

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 53 62

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 56 63

100 workers or more .............................................. 73 77

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 69 76

500 workers or more .......................................... 77 79

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 66 70

New England ..................................................... 63 67

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 66 71

South ..................................................................... 64 72

South Atlantic .................................................... 65 72

East South Central ............................................ 64 75

West South Central ........................................... 62 69

Midwest ................................................................. 61 69

East North Central ............................................. 60 70

West North Central ............................................ 62 67

West ...................................................................... 64 68

Mountain ............................................................ 59 66

Pacific ................................................................ 67 68

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 2.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 3.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.8 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 3.5 3.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.2 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.4

Production ......................................................... 2.6 1.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.2 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.0

Hospitals .................................................... 0.9 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.0 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 2.7

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 3.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 5.3 4.2

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 0.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 1. Establishments offering retirement and healthcare benefits: private

industry workers, March 2017

(All establishments = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

All establishments .................................................. 48 8 47 58

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 39 9 38 50

Construction ...................................................... 30 10 29 42

Manufacturing .................................................... 50 8 49 60

Service-providing industries .................................. 49 8 48 59

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 54 10 53 61

Wholesale trade ............................................. 67 – 67 79

Retail trade .................................................... 50 7 48 54

Transportation and warehousing ................... 47 19 44 54

Utilities ........................................................... 95 – 95 98

Information ......................................................... 83 52 83 90

Financial activities ............................................. 65 20 65 75

Finance and insurance .................................. 78 26 77 79

Credit intermediation and related activities 87 39 86 93

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 63 9 63 56

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 44 – 44 68

Professional and business services .................. 52 2 52 62

Professional and technical services .............. 59 – 59 68

Administrative and waste services ................ 37 – 36 49

Education and health services ........................... 49 4 48 64

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 96 – 95 99

Health care and social assistance ................. 49 4 49 65

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 24 – 24 32

Accommodation and food services ................ 24 – 24 29

Other services ................................................... 34 – 32 47

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 46 7 45 57

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 45 7 44 55

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 16 73 85

100 workers or more .............................................. 89 31 86 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 88 28 85 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 94 50 94 97

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Establishments offering retirement and healthcare benefits: private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All establishments = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 54 10 52 62

New England ..................................................... 63 9 61 56

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 50 10 49 64

South ..................................................................... 43 7 43 56

South Atlantic .................................................... 47 9 47 55

East South Central ............................................ 34 – 34 65

West South Central ........................................... 42 5 41 52

Midwest ................................................................. 48 10 47 57

East North Central ............................................. 42 10 41 60

West North Central ............................................ 60 – 60 51

West ...................................................................... 51 7 50 59

Mountain ............................................................ 55 4 55 62

Pacific ................................................................ 48 9 46 58

1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the

individual items because some employers offered both types of plans.

Note: Dash indicates no establishments in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 1. Standard errors for establishments offering retirement and healthcare

benefits: private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

All establishments .................................................. 2.0 0.6 2.0 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.2 0.8 2.1 3.4

Construction ...................................................... 2.7 1.5 2.7 3.5

Manufacturing .................................................... 4.5 1.3 4.3 7.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.3 0.7 2.3 2.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.4 1.2 2.3 3.5

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5.2 – 5.2 7.0

Retail trade .................................................... 2.9 0.8 2.9 3.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6.3 4.9 6.0 7.4

Utilities ........................................................... 5.4 – 5.4 2.0

Information ......................................................... 7.1 13.7 7.1 5.1

Financial activities ............................................. 3.1 2.5 3.1 3.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.1 2.3 3.1 2.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.9 3.1 3.9 2.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 6.9 1.9 6.9 6.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.0 – 6.0 7.0

Professional and business services .................. 5.3 0.5 5.2 4.0

Professional and technical services .............. 7.6 – 7.6 8.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 9.3 – 9.3 8.7

Education and health services ........................... 8.6 0.9 8.6 7.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.6 – 4.0 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 9.1 0.9 9.1 8.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.7 – 3.6 4.8

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.8 – 3.8 5.1

Other services ................................................... 4.3 – 4.0 5.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.0 0.7 2.0 2.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 0.7 2.1 2.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 2.0 2.7 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 3.1 1.6 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 3.3 1.8 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 6.7 1.5 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Standard errors for establishments offering retirement and healthcare

benefits: private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.4 1.1 3.4 3.3

New England ..................................................... 4.9 2.4 4.6 5.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.8 1.0 4.7 3.5

South ..................................................................... 2.4 1.0 2.4 2.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.5 1.6 2.5 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 7.2 – 7.2 7.6

West South Central ........................................... 3.9 0.8 3.6 5.0

Midwest ................................................................. 5.7 1.5 5.7 4.8

East North Central ............................................. 7.4 1.2 7.3 6.0

West North Central ............................................ 4.1 – 4.0 8.1

West ...................................................................... 4.2 1.3 4.2 4.7

Mountain ............................................................ 9.0 0.8 8.9 9.4

Pacific ................................................................ 3.9 1.8 3.9 4.8

1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans.

Note: Dash indicates no establishments in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 66 50 75 18 15 81 62 44 72

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 82 70 86 25 20 81 78 64 83

Management, business, and financial ............... 87 76 88 28 23 82 84 72 86

Professional and related .................................... 79 67 84 23 19 80 75 60 81

Service ................................................................... 42 22 54 7 6 84 38 19 49

Protective service .............................................. 61 32 52 – – – 57 27 48

Sales and office ..................................................... 70 51 72 16 11 71 67 47 70

Sales and related ............................................... 67 41 61 11 7 59 63 38 59

Office and administrative support ...................... 72 57 79 19 14 75 69 53 77

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 63 48 77 22 21 96 57 41 72

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 58 45 78 24 23 98 48 35 72

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 67 51 76 20 19 94 65 47 72

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 71 53 75 22 19 83 63 44 70

Production ......................................................... 74 56 76 21 17 83 71 51 71

Transportation and material moving .................. 68 50 74 24 20 84 56 39 69

Full time ................................................................. 77 60 78 22 18 83 73 54 75

Part time ................................................................ 38 21 56 8 5 65 33 17 53

Union ..................................................................... 92 82 90 71 66 93 55 44 80

Nonunion ............................................................... 64 47 73 13 9 74 63 45 71

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 42 21 51 6 3 57 39 19 50

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 33 14 41 4 2 55 30 12 39

Second 25 percent ............................................ 66 46 70 13 10 78 62 41 66

Third 25 percent ................................................ 78 64 81 23 19 85 73 56 77

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 77 88 35 29 84 82 70 84

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 89 81 90 35 28 81 85 74 87

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 75 60 80 25 21 85 71 54 76

Construction ...................................................... 55 43 78 18 17 98 48 35 74

Manufacturing .................................................... 84 67 80 28 23 81 81 62 76

Service-providing industries .................................. 65 48 74 17 13 80 60 43 71

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 75 51 67 18 13 73 67 43 65

Wholesale trade ............................................. 77 63 82 11 10 90 74 59 80

Retail trade .................................................... 71 40 56 14 7 54 64 34 54

Transportation and warehousing ................... 82 65 79 34 29 85 64 47 74

Utilities ........................................................... 97 94 97 76 67 88 97 82 85

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 89 80 90 38 35 92 89 75 84

Financial activities ............................................. 84 74 88 38 29 76 83 71 85

Finance and insurance .................................. 92 84 91 48 36 75 91 80 88

Credit intermediation and related activities 94 84 90 47 33 70 93 81 87

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 89 82 92 48 42 88 89 78 88

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 59 43 74 7 7 94 58 41 71

Professional and business services .................. 61 48 80 13 11 78 59 46 77

Professional and technical services .............. 77 66 86 14 11 81 76 63 84

Administrative and waste services ................ 39 25 64 5 4 86 37 23 62

Education and health services ........................... 72 57 79 17 15 84 67 50 75

Educational services ...................................... 72 64 89 16 14 85 63 54 86

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 78 89 16 11 68 85 74 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 72 56 77 17 15 84 68 50 73

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 33 14 43 4 4 100 30 11 37

Accommodation and food services ................ 31 12 38 3 3 100 29 10 33

Other services ................................................... 48 36 75 10 10 96 43 30 71

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 53 37 71 9 7 81 50 35 69

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 49 34 71 7 6 82 47 32 69

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 65 46 70 14 11 79 60 41 68

100 workers or more .............................................. 83 65 78 29 24 81 76 56 74

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 58 73 20 16 79 72 51 70

500 workers or more .......................................... 89 76 85 43 36 83 83 66 79

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 68 55 80 22 18 84 62 48 77

New England ..................................................... 71 55 78 19 16 84 66 50 75

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 67 54 81 23 19 83 60 47 78

South ..................................................................... 67 47 71 17 13 79 63 43 68

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 50 74 20 15 78 63 45 71

East South Central ............................................ 68 44 64 14 11 77 66 40 61

West South Central ........................................... 65 45 69 14 12 83 62 41 66

Midwest ................................................................. 70 53 75 19 15 83 67 48 71

East North Central ............................................. 70 52 75 19 16 85 66 47 71

West North Central ............................................ 72 54 75 17 13 79 68 49 71

West ...................................................................... 60 46 77 16 12 78 56 41 74

Mountain ............................................................ 63 47 75 12 9 75 60 44 73

Pacific ................................................................ 58 45 78 17 14 79 54 40 74

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2017

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.6 0.9 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.5 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.6 0.9

Service ................................................................... 2.4 1.5 2.7 0.7 0.6 3.0 2.3 1.3 2.8

Protective service .............................................. 6.0 4.5 11.1 – – – 6.4 4.6 11.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 2.2 1.1 1.0 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 4.6 1.6 1.4 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.0 3.2 2.5 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 2.3 1.9 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.7 2.1 1.6 1.3 1.0

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.8 1.3 1.6 0.9 3.5 2.3 1.8 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.5 2.2 1.4 0.9 1.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.7 1.0 2.2 2.0 0.9 2.8 2.1 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.5 0.3 2.8 1.6 1.0 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 1.3 2.4 0.6 0.4 7.0 2.3 1.1 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.7 0.9 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.0

Construction ...................................................... 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.0 2.0 1.6 1.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.2 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 1.8 1.3 2.3 2.0 2.8 1.8 1.6 1.1

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.7 2.8 1.6 1.2 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.9 3.4 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.7 4.4 4.1 2.9

Utilities ........................................................... 2.1 2.2 0.8 6.3 5.7 2.3 2.1 3.4 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 2.9 3.1 1.3 4.4 4.3 2.0 3.0 2.6 1.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 2.0 1.0 2.2 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.8 0.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.9 1.0 0.6 2.2 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.1 1.2 0.8 3.1 2.5 1.6 1.1 1.1 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 1.7 0.9 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.5 5.6 4.6 2.7 2.7 5.8 5.3 4.8 4.0

Professional and business services .................. 3.2 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.4 3.6 3.0 2.5 2.0

Professional and technical services .............. 3.6 3.7 2.1 3.7 2.9 6.6 3.6 3.5 2.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.6 3.5 4.8 1.9 1.7 5.7 4.5 3.2 4.4

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 2.7 1.3 1.8 1.8 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 4.4 4.1 0.8 2.7 2.6 2.9 4.2 3.7 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.5 1.0 2.4 1.9 1.6 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9 1.5 1.9 2.0 3.3 2.5 2.4 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.3 1.7 3.5 0.9 0.9 0.2 3.1 1.4 3.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.8 1.7 3.9 0.8 0.8 4 ( ) 3.5 1.5 3.9

Other services ................................................... 3.8 3.6 3.9 2.3 2.2 2.9 3.7 3.5 3.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.5 0.4 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 2.7 2.5 1.5 1.3 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.3

New England ..................................................... 3.3 1.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 3.4 3.5 1.6 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.4 2.3 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.6 3.1 5.2 2.3 2.6 10.1 1.6 3.1 4.1

West South Central ........................................... 3.5 3.6 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.8 3.1 3.4 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.7 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 2.2 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.8 2.1 2.0 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 3.9 2.3 1.8 2.7 2.3 3.4 2.8 1.3 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.1 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 1.5 2.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 2.0 1.6 3.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.3 1.9 2.0 1.6 2.7 2.0 1.4 1.5

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, private industry

workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 14 4 49

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 22 4 56

Management, business, and financial ............... 26 3 58

Professional and related .................................... 19 4 56

Service ................................................................... 4 3 35

Protective service .............................................. 8 – 49

Sales and office ..................................................... 12 4 55

Sales and related ............................................... 7 4 56

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 3 54

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 6 41

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 14 10 34

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 18 2 47

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 15 7 48

Production ......................................................... 18 3 53

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 12 44

Full time ................................................................. 17 4 56

Part time ................................................................ 3 5 29

Union ..................................................................... 35 36 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 12 1 51

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 3 36

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 2 29

Second 25 percent ............................................ 9 4 53

Third 25 percent ................................................ 17 6 55

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 30 5 53

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 31 4 54

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 21 4 50

Construction ...................................................... 10 8 38

Manufacturing .................................................... 26 3 55

Service-providing industries .................................. 12 4 48

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10 8 57

Wholesale trade ............................................. 9 2 65

Retail trade .................................................... 6 7 58

Transportation and warehousing ................... 15 19 48

Utilities ........................................................... 76 – 21

Information ......................................................... 38 – 51

Financial activities ............................................. 37 1 46

Finance and insurance .................................. 47 1 44

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

Credit intermediation and related activities 47 1 46

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 48 – 41

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 7 – 51

Professional and business services .................. 12 2 47

Professional and technical services .............. 13 – 63

Administrative and waste services ................ 4 1 34

Education and health services ........................... 12 5 55

Educational services ...................................... 7 9 56

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 4 72

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 4 55

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 2 29

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2 29

Other services ................................................... 5 5 38

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 3 44

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 2 41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 5 52

100 workers or more .............................................. 23 7 54

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 14 6 59

500 workers or more .......................................... 36 7 46

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 16 6 46

New England ..................................................... 14 5 52

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 16 7 44

South ..................................................................... 13 4 50

South Atlantic .................................................... 15 4 48

East South Central ............................................ 11 3 54

West South Central ........................................... 11 3 51

Midwest ................................................................. 15 4 52

East North Central ............................................. 15 4 51

West North Central ............................................ 14 3 55

West ...................................................................... 11 4 44

Mountain ............................................................ 8 3 51

Pacific ................................................................ 13 5 41

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.7 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.9 2.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.0 1.7

Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.5 2.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.4 – 8.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.6 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.3 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 0.7 2.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.9 1.5 2.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 0.4 2.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 0.9 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.3 2.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.6 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.4 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.2 0.7 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 2.7 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.4 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.5 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.4 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.8 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 0.9 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.5 1.3

Construction ...................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.7 0.4 2.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.4 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.6 1.0 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 0.7 2.3

Retail trade .................................................... 0.7 0.9 1.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.2 3.3 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 6.3 – 5.8

Information ......................................................... 4.5 – 3.0

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 0.2 1.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.2 0.1 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.1 0.2 3.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.6 – 2.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.5 – 4.2

Professional and business services .................. 1.7 0.5 3.4

Professional and technical services .............. 3.5 – 4.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.6 0.6 4.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.3 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 2.5 3.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.1 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.3 1.4 2.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 0.8 3.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 0.8 3.5

Other services ................................................... 1.8 1.2 3.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.3 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.2 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 0.9 2.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.7 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 0.8 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.1 1.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.9 2.0

New England ..................................................... 2.0 1.1 4.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.1 2.1

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.6 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.4 1.2 3.7

West South Central ........................................... 0.9 0.5 3.1

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 0.8 2.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.2 1.6

West ...................................................................... 1.3 0.7 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.6 0.4 2.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.0 2.6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, private

industry workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 63 22 3 12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 55 27 3 15

Management, business, and financial ............... 56 23 3 18

Professional and related .................................... 55 29 3 13

Service ................................................................... 77 12 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 21 2 15

Sales and related ............................................... 63 18 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 61 23 2 14

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 77 16 2 5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 94 3 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 59 31 3 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 64 23 3 11

Production ......................................................... 49 31 3 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 76 15 2 6

Full time ................................................................. 61 23 3 13

Part time ................................................................ 76 17 – –

Union ..................................................................... 80 16 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 51 26 4 19

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 68 20 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 73 – – 4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 66 16 3 15

Third 25 percent ................................................ 62 22 2 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 61 25 3 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 57 26 4 13

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 58 26 3 13

Construction ...................................................... 98 – – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 43 35 5 17

Service-providing industries .................................. 65 21 2 12

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 72 21 2 5

Wholesale trade ............................................. 71 23 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 68 24 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 76 18 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 69 23 3 4

Information ......................................................... 29 57 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 54 18 3 25

Finance and insurance .................................. 53 19 2 26

Credit intermediation and related activities 47 17 3 34

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 66 22 2 10

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 87 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 71 – – 9

Professional and technical services .............. 83 – – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 43 38 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

Establishment characteristics

Education and health services ........................... 62 21 – –

Educational services ...................................... 58 32 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 70 19 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 20 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 94 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 – – –

Other services ................................................... 80 6 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 65 20 2 13

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 61 21 2 16

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 19 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 62 23 3 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 63 23 4 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 23 2 13

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 68 18 1 13

New England ..................................................... 70 18 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 67 18 2 14

South ..................................................................... 63 25 2 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 65 23 3 9

East South Central ............................................ 56 34 – –

West South Central ........................................... 62 25 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 64 19 3 14

East North Central ............................................. 66 17 – –

West North Central ............................................ 57 26 – –

West ...................................................................... 55 27 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 69 17 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 51 31 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.8 1.4 0.5 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.2 2.4 1.1 1.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.7 2.7 1.2 2.4

Professional and related .................................... 4.2 3.2 1.1 2.4

Service ................................................................... 5.1 3.4 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.1 1.5 0.5 1.4

Sales and related ............................................... 5.4 3.3 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 1.5 0.5 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 2.2 0.5 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.6 1.4 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4.1 3.9 1.0 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.0 2.9 0.5 2.2

Production ......................................................... 4.5 4.6 0.8 4.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.1 2.9 0.7 1.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 1.5 0.6 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.4 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.4 1.8 0.9 2.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.8 4.3 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 13.0 – – 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.9 1.8 0.7 2.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 1.7 0.4 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 1.9 1.0 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.8 3.1 1.6 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.9 3.3 0.8 2.3

Construction ...................................................... 1.2 – – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 3.8 4.2 1.1 3.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.1 1.5 0.7 1.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.3 2.2 0.4 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5.7 5.7 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 3.4 2.8 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.5 4.3 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 5.2 4.2 1.2 1.7

Information ......................................................... 4.4 5.0 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.1 1.7 0.8 2.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.1 1.9 0.5 1.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.2 1.7 0.8 3.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 4.1 3.0 0.8 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 7.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

Establishment characteristics

Professional and business services .................. 5.7 – – 2.7

Professional and technical services .............. 7.9 – – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 11.0 9.7 – –

Education and health services ........................... 6.4 4.2 – –

Educational services ...................................... 7.4 8.7 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.7 3.8 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 7.3 4.5 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.9 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.0 – – –

Other services ................................................... 8.0 3.0 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.2 2.4 0.6 2.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.6 3.1 0.7 3.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.0 4.2 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.1 1.7 0.7 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.2 2.4 1.5 2.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.3 2.0 0.6 1.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.1 1.8 0.4 1.5

New England ..................................................... 3.9 3.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.9 2.3 0.5 1.9

South ..................................................................... 2.8 2.7 0.6 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.1 3.7 0.9 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 6.5 7.5 – –

West South Central ........................................... 4.0 3.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 3.6 2.1 1.0 3.9

East North Central ............................................. 4.6 1.4 – –

West North Central ............................................ 4.3 6.2 – –

West ...................................................................... 5.0 4.3 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 3.3 2.6 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 6.3 5.5 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 81

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 84

Professional and related .................................... – – 80

Service ................................................................... – – 65

Protective service .............................................. – – 99

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 84

Sales and related ............................................... – 7 93

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 77

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 86

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 75

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 93

Production ......................................................... – – 91

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 95

Full time ................................................................. – – 83

Part time ................................................................ – 16 84

Union ..................................................................... – – 78

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 85

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 83

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 87

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 83

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 82

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 16 84

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – – 87

Construction ...................................................... – – 96

Manufacturing .................................................... – – 87

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 81

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 5 95

Wholesale trade ............................................. – – 89

Retail trade .................................................... – – 98

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

Transportation and warehousing ................... – – 100

Utilities ........................................................... – 24 76

Information ......................................................... – – 82

Financial activities ............................................. – – 75

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 75

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 68

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 91

Professional and business services .................. – – 99

Professional and technical services .............. – – 96

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 100

Education and health services ........................... – 34 66

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 35 65

Health care and social assistance ................. – 32 68

Other services ................................................... – – 79

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 77

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 71

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 89

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 85

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 83

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 86

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 19 81

New England ..................................................... – – 79

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 19 81

South ..................................................................... – 12 88

South Atlantic .................................................... – 12 88

East South Central ............................................ – – 76

West South Central ........................................... – – 95

Midwest ................................................................. – – 89

East North Central ............................................. – – 86

West North Central ............................................ – 4 96

West ...................................................................... – – 71

Mountain ............................................................ – – 82

Pacific ................................................................ – – 68

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2016 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2012 and 2015 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2012 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 2.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 3.4

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 2.8

Professional and related .................................... – – 4.6

Service ................................................................... – – 11.4

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.9

Sales and related ............................................... – 1.8 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 6.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 9.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 7.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 2.2

Production ......................................................... – – 2.9

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 2.9

Full time ................................................................. – – 2.3

Part time ................................................................ – 4.2 4.2

Union ..................................................................... – – 4.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 2.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 11.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 3.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 3.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 2.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 3.2 3.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – – 3.0

Construction ...................................................... – – 4.9

Manufacturing .................................................... – – 3.0

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 1.5 1.5

Wholesale trade ............................................. – – 6.6

Retail trade .................................................... – – 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

Transportation and warehousing ................... – – 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 5.9 5.9

Information ......................................................... – – 4.4

Financial activities ............................................. – – 3.3

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 3.2

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 4.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 4.2

Professional and business services .................. – – 1.1

Professional and technical services .............. – – 4.8

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 8.3 8.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 9.7 9.7

Health care and social assistance ................. – 9.2 9.2

Other services ................................................... – – 13.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 4.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 5.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 4.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 2.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 4.7

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 2.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.4 2.4

New England ..................................................... – – 6.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 2.5 2.5

South ..................................................................... – 3.1 3.1

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.7 2.7

East South Central ............................................ – – 14.7

West South Central ........................................... – – 2.2

Midwest ................................................................. – – 5.0

East North Central ............................................. – – 7.0

West North Central ............................................ – 1.0 1.0

West ...................................................................... – – 7.7

Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ – – 9.5

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2016 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2012 and 2015 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2012 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private industry workers, March

2017

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 9 91 8 24 33 34

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 8 92 8 26 37 31

Management, business, and financial ............... 7 93 6 29 40 29

Professional and related .................................... 9 91 8 25 36 33

Service ................................................................... 11 89 – – 34 45

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 87 7 20 35 31

Sales and related ............................................... 16 84 – – 39 39

Office and administrative support ...................... 12 88 8 23 33 29

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 93 9 37 33 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 9 91 9 24 20 42

Transportation and material moving .................. 9 91 – 26 15 44

Full time ................................................................. 8 92 8 24 34 34

Part time ................................................................ 24 76 9 – – 33

Union ..................................................................... 4 96 11 40 22 28

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 89 7 20 35 35

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 25 75 – – 24 32

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 88 12 13 32 36

Third 25 percent ................................................ 9 91 10 24 23 39

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 7 93 5 30 40 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 7 93 4 31 45 28

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 7 93 8 22 37 36

Construction ...................................................... – 100 – – – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 7 93 – 21 38 38

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 90 8 25 31 32

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 15 85 11 21 21 39

Retail trade .................................................... 35 65 – 11 20 42

Financial activities ............................................. 4 96 3 16 50 28

Finance and insurance .................................. 4 96 3 16 49 28

Credit intermediation and related activities 4 96 5 11 43 38

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 5 95 2 30 53 –

Professional and business services:

Professional and technical services ............. – 100 – 70 80 –

Education and health services ........................... 12 88 – – 21 42

Health care and social assistance ................. 11 89 – – 25 48

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8 92 – 25 26 33

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 95 – 25 26 33

100 workers or more .............................................. 10 90 7 24 35 34

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 87 10 29 28 33

500 workers or more .......................................... 7 93 5 20 40 34

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 10 90 4 17 34 39

New England ..................................................... 8 92 – – 40 46

South ..................................................................... 10 90 7 29 32 29

South Atlantic .................................................... 12 88 4 24 39 32

West South Central ........................................... 6 94 – 38 24 –

Midwest ................................................................. 10 90 13 25 24 37

East North Central ............................................. 10 90 – 23 22 37

West ...................................................................... 7 93 – 24 43 32

Pacific ................................................................ 8 92 – 26 43 33

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private

industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.4 2.0 2.4 2.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 1.8 1.8 3.7 4.6 3.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.2 2.2 1.7 4.2 5.1 4.6

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 2.3 2.6 3.9 5.3 3.7

Service ................................................................... 2.5 2.5 – – 5.3 8.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.0 2.3 3.1 2.9

Sales and related ............................................... 2.9 2.9 – – 5.8 4.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8 1.2 2.2 3.3 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.0 3.0 1.7 5.6 5.2 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.7 2.7 – 5.3 3.9 7.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.4 2.0 2.5 2.3

Part time ................................................................ 3.8 3.8 2.8 – – 6.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.4 4.5 3.4 4.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.3 3.1 2.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.3 5.3 – – 5.4 7.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.2 4.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.2 3.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.1 3.2 4.3 3.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.4 1.4 5.4 6.5 4.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 1.9 2.4 3.1 4.9 3.3

Construction ...................................................... – 0.0 – – – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.0 2.0 – 2.5 4.9 3.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.4 1.6 2.6 2.5 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.6 2.6 2.8 3.7 3.4 5.0

Retail trade .................................................... 4.6 4.6 – 2.4 3.7 5.6

Financial activities ............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.4 2.7 3.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.5 2.7 3.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.9 1.9 1.3 2.6 5.4 5.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.0 2.0 0.6 4.1 5.1 –

Professional and business services:

Professional and technical services ............. – 0.0 – 16.8 14.6 –

Education and health services ........................... 3.1 3.1 – – 5.0 5.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9 – – 5.5 7.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.4 2.4 – 3.8 2.8 5.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 1.8 – 5.2 3.3 6.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.2 3.2 2.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.5 2.5 2.5 4.3 4.5 4.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 2.0 1.4 2.7 3.8 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.8 2.8 0.9 2.7 3.4 3.0

New England ..................................................... 1.6 1.6 – – 8.4 9.4

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.8 2.4 4.0 3.9 4.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.7 2.7 1.1 4.6 6.2 3.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.9 – 7.8 5.2 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 2.2 – 3.4 3.5 2.3

West ...................................................................... 2.4 2.4 – 5.4 7.2 6.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 2.8 – 6.2 8.6 7.9

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, private

industry workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 68 32 82 18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 32 83 17

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 30 85 15

Professional and related .................................... 66 34 83 17

Service ................................................................... 66 34 83 17

Protective service .............................................. 79 21 87 13

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 33 78 22

Sales and related ............................................... 68 32 74 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 67 33 80 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 36 81 19

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 52 48 74 26

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 72 28 86 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 71 29 84 16

Production ......................................................... 71 29 84 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 30 84 16

Full time ................................................................. 68 32 83 17

Part time ................................................................ 62 38 75 25

Union ..................................................................... 67 33 81 19

Nonunion ............................................................... 68 32 82 18

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 69 31 77 23

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 67 33 75 25

Second 25 percent ............................................ 68 32 80 20

Third 25 percent ................................................ 66 34 83 17

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 32 83 17

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 69 31 84 16

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 65 35 80 20

Construction ...................................................... 53 47 73 27

Manufacturing .................................................... 68 32 82 18

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 32 82 18

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 67 33 77 23

Wholesale trade ............................................. 77 23 88 12

Retail trade .................................................... 62 38 69 31

Transportation and warehousing ................... 66 34 82 18

Utilities ........................................................... 82 18 93 7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

Information ......................................................... 83 17 92 8

Financial activities ............................................. 70 30 80 20

Finance and insurance .................................. 70 30 79 21

Credit intermediation and related activities 68 32 76 24

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 74 26 84 16

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 71 29 85 15

Professional and business services .................. 73 27 88 12

Professional and technical services .............. 67 33 85 15

Administrative and waste services ................ 82 18 87 13

Education and health services ........................... 61 39 82 18

Educational services ...................................... 63 37 86 14

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 58 42 83 17

Health care and social assistance ................. 61 39 81 19

Other services ................................................... 58 42 84 16

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 66 34 83 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 64 36 83 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 72 28 84 16

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 32 81 19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 69 31 81 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 32 81 19

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 65 35 85 15

New England ..................................................... 67 33 85 15

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 64 36 85 15

South ..................................................................... 72 28 81 19

South Atlantic .................................................... 69 31 79 21

East South Central ............................................ 78 22 84 16

West South Central ........................................... 74 26 82 18

Midwest ................................................................. 65 35 81 19

East North Central ............................................. 64 36 82 18

West North Central ............................................ 66 34 79 21

West ...................................................................... 67 33 82 18

Mountain ............................................................ 68 32 83 17

Pacific ................................................................ 66 34 80 20

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Service ................................................................... 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 5.1 5.1 3.0 3.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.9 3.9 3.0 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3

Production ......................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.0 4.0 3.1 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.5

Construction ...................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.2 3.2 2.6 2.6

Utilities ........................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

Information ......................................................... 3.4 3.4 2.6 2.6

Financial activities ............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.8 2.8 1.5 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.1 5.1 4.5 4.5

Professional and business services .................. 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.8

Professional and technical services .............. 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.6 4.6 3.3 3.3

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7

Other services ................................................... 5.4 5.4 4.0 4.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 4.2 4.2 3.1 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.4 2.4 3.5 3.5

West ...................................................................... 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 5.0 5.0 2.7 2.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry

workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 68 54 80 67 49 72

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 73 85 86 65 75

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 81 85 95 73 76

Professional and related .................................... 82 69 84 82 61 74

Service ................................................................... 39 26 67 39 23 61

Protective service .............................................. 41 24 60 41 21 52

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 52 78 66 47 71

Sales and related ............................................... 55 41 75 54 37 69

Office and administrative support ...................... 75 60 80 74 53 71

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 60 83 72 57 79

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 65 56 85 65 54 83

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 80 65 81 79 60 76

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 75 60 80 75 55 74

Production ......................................................... 81 67 83 81 62 76

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 53 77 69 49 71

Full time ................................................................. 86 69 81 85 63 73

Part time ................................................................ 19 13 66 19 11 60

Union ..................................................................... 94 84 90 93 79 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 51 78 65 46 71

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 33 22 66 33 20 60

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 22 14 61 22 12 55

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 54 76 71 49 69

Third 25 percent ................................................ 85 70 83 85 64 76

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 80 87 92 72 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 82 88 94 73 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 85 73 86 85 67 80

Construction ...................................................... 67 55 82 67 52 78

Manufacturing .................................................... 93 81 87 92 74 80

Service-providing industries .................................. 64 50 78 64 45 70

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 68 52 76 67 47 70

Wholesale trade ............................................. 86 71 83 86 64 75

Retail trade .................................................... 55 38 69 53 35 65

Transportation and warehousing ................... 84 67 80 83 61 73

Utilities ........................................................... 99 90 91 98 77 79

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 42 32 77 23 18 79 66 48 73

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 60 48 80 34 27 80 85 64 75

Management, business, and financial ............... 66 52 79 36 29 79 94 72 76

Professional and related .................................... 57 46 80 32 26 81 81 60 75

Service ................................................................... 21 14 66 11 8 71 37 23 62

Protective service .............................................. 27 15 54 – – – 34 21 61

Sales and office ..................................................... 39 30 77 20 16 79 65 46 71

Sales and related ............................................... 27 20 73 15 12 81 53 37 69

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 36 78 23 18 78 73 52 71

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 30 80 24 19 82 71 56 79

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 29 25 87 20 18 92 64 53 83

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 45 34 76 27 20 75 77 59 76

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 45 36 79 27 21 78 74 55 74

Production ......................................................... 49 39 80 26 21 79 80 61 76

Transportation and material moving .................. 41 32 78 27 21 77 68 48 71

Full time ................................................................. 53 41 78 30 23 79 84 62 74

Part time ................................................................ 11 7 65 6 4 68 18 11 60

Union ..................................................................... 73 62 86 55 47 84 93 78 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 38 29 76 20 15 77 63 45 71

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 10 66 8 6 68 31 19 61

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10 6 64 6 4 65 22 12 56

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40 30 76 21 16 78 69 48 69

Third 25 percent ................................................ 52 41 79 30 24 80 83 63 76

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 54 81 39 31 81 91 71 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 55 80 41 33 81 93 72 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 52 43 83 32 27 84 83 66 80

Construction ...................................................... 30 25 84 18 16 88 65 51 78

Manufacturing .................................................... 63 53 83 39 32 83 92 73 80

Service-providing industries .................................. 39 30 76 21 17 77 63 44 71

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 35 27 76 21 16 77 66 46 70

Wholesale trade ............................................. 48 39 82 30 24 81 84 63 75

Retail trade .................................................... 23 16 69 12 9 76 53 34 65

Transportation and warehousing ................... 54 43 79 34 25 75 82 60 73

Utilities ........................................................... 69 60 88 48 39 81 98 78 80

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 94 81 86 94 71 76

Financial activities ............................................. 88 74 84 88 67 76

Finance and insurance .................................. 93 79 85 93 70 75

Credit intermediation and related activities 95 79 83 95 70 74

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 89 75 85 88 67 76

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 74 61 82 74 56 76

Professional and business services .................. 65 53 80 65 47 72

Professional and technical services .............. 82 70 86 82 63 77

Administrative and waste services ................ 42 30 70 42 26 62

Education and health services ........................... 74 58 79 73 51 69

Educational services ...................................... 75 63 84 75 56 74

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 77 85 90 70 78

Health care and social assistance ................. 73 57 78 73 50 68

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 32 21 66 32 20 62

Accommodation and food services ................ 30 19 62 30 17 58

Other services ................................................... 48 38 78 48 35 73

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 55 42 76 55 39 70

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 51 39 75 51 36 70

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 67 52 77 67 47 71

100 workers or more .............................................. 83 69 83 82 61 74

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 64 81 78 57 73

500 workers or more .......................................... 89 76 86 89 67 76

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 69 56 81 68 50 73

New England ..................................................... 67 53 79 67 46 70

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 57 82 69 51 74

South ..................................................................... 68 53 78 68 48 71

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 53 78 67 47 71

East South Central ............................................ 71 54 77 70 51 72

West South Central ........................................... 67 53 79 67 48 72

Midwest ................................................................. 69 53 77 68 47 69

East North Central ............................................. 69 53 76 69 47 69

West North Central ............................................ 68 54 80 68 48 71

West ...................................................................... 66 55 84 66 51 77

Mountain ............................................................ 66 55 83 66 50 76

Pacific ................................................................ 66 56 84 66 51 78

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 76 57 75 57 42 73 93 71 76

Financial activities ............................................. 66 50 77 29 23 77 87 66 76

Finance and insurance .................................. 75 57 76 31 23 75 92 70 76

Credit intermediation and related activities 77 57 74 31 22 71 94 69 74

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 68 54 79 32 25 77 88 66 76

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 38 30 80 25 21 83 72 55 77

Professional and business services .................. 39 30 78 22 16 74 64 46 72

Professional and technical services .............. 49 41 83 30 24 78 82 63 77

Administrative and waste services ................ 21 14 69 13 9 72 41 26 64

Education and health services ........................... 50 38 76 23 19 81 71 49 69

Educational services ...................................... 52 40 76 26 19 74 75 56 74

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 62 48 77 32 21 66 89 69 77

Health care and social assistance ................. 49 38 76 23 19 83 70 48 68

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 17 11 68 11 8 70 30 19 64

Accommodation and food services ................ 16 10 62 10 7 65 28 17 59

Other services ................................................... 27 19 72 16 14 86 47 34 73

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 28 21 74 16 12 75 53 38 71

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 24 18 75 14 10 75 50 35 70

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 41 29 72 22 17 75 64 46 71

100 workers or more .............................................. 57 46 79 32 26 81 81 60 74

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 50 40 79 27 22 80 77 56 73

500 workers or more .......................................... 69 55 80 39 32 82 88 67 75

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 45 36 79 23 18 80 67 49 73

New England ..................................................... 44 34 77 13 10 79 65 45 70

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 46 36 79 26 21 80 68 50 74

South ..................................................................... 37 28 75 20 15 77 65 47 72

South Atlantic .................................................... 40 30 75 21 16 76 64 46 71

East South Central ............................................ 33 25 76 18 14 79 70 50 72

West South Central ........................................... 34 25 72 18 14 78 65 47 72

Midwest ................................................................. 42 32 76 23 17 76 68 47 70

East North Central ............................................. 41 31 76 23 18 77 68 47 69

West North Central ............................................ 43 33 77 22 16 75 67 48 71

West ...................................................................... 45 36 81 29 24 82 65 50 77

Mountain ............................................................ 40 33 82 25 20 82 64 49 76

Pacific ................................................................ 47 38 81 31 25 81 65 51 78

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 4.9 4.9 10.3 4.8 4.1 9.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.5 0.7 1.8 1.6 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.7 1.5 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.1 2.5 1.2 3.1 2.5 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.8 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.8

Production ......................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.1 2.1 2.2 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.1 0.8 2.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.3 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 1.6 2.6 2.0 1.5 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.2 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.5

Construction ...................................................... 2.3 2.1 1.7 2.4 2.1 1.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.2 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.2

Retail trade .................................................... 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.4 2.1 2.0 3.7 2.1 2.1

Utilities ........................................................... 0.7 1.8 1.7 0.8 2.8 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.4 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.0 2.5 1.4 0.9 4.0 1.7 1.4 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 4.9 3.9 15.5 – – – 5.5 4.1 7.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 1.4 2.5 1.3 1.2 2.5 1.9 1.4 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.2 1.7 1.5 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 3.1 2.5 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.8

Production ......................................................... 2.2 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.1 2.2 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.8 2.5 1.5 1.2 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.7 2.6 0.6 0.5 3.4 1.1 0.8 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.0 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.7 2.5 0.8 0.5 3.6 1.3 1.0 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.2 5.7 1.0 0.8 7.8 2.0 1.5 2.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.2 1.4 2.1 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.4 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.5

Construction ...................................................... 2.2 2.1 2.9 2.3 1.9 2.9 2.2 2.1 1.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 1.4 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.4 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 1.8 1.1 2.1 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.2

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 0.9 1.8 0.9 0.7 2.7 1.3 1.0 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.9 3.9 2.6 4.2 3.4 3.8 3.3 1.9 2.2

Utilities ........................................................... 7.8 7.3 1.5 6.6 5.5 2.7 0.9 2.8 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.9

Financial activities ............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.5 3.9 2.1 3.4 3.3 1.9

Professional and business services .................. 2.0 1.9 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.5

Professional and technical services .............. 3.0 2.6 1.1 3.0 2.1 2.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.3 2.7 3.4

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 2.3 1.1 2.3 2.0 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.9 3.0 1.4 2.9 3.1 2.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 2.5 1.3 2.7 2.2 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.1 2.0 2.7 2.1 1.9 3.0

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.4 2.3 3.7 2.4 2.3 4.0

Other services ................................................... 3.4 2.8 2.7 3.4 2.4 2.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.2 1.5 2.3 2.1 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.4 0.6 1.5 1.3 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.5

New England ..................................................... 1.8 2.6 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.7

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.7 1.7 1.3 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.8 1.3 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 4.3 3.5 1.5 4.5 3.0 2.1

West South Central ........................................... 3.8 3.7 1.3 3.9 3.1 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.5 0.7 1.9 1.3 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 1.9 0.7 2.0 1.6 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 4.2 2.6 1.5 4.2 2.6 1.2

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.8 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 2.2 0.9 2.2 2.4 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.6 2.5 2.6 1.6 2.2 2.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 1.4 0.6 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.8 1.3 0.9 2.3 1.7 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.6 2.0 1.3 3.3 2.4 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.6 4.4 3.0 4.0 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.9 1.8

Professional and business services .................. 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.4 2.9 2.2 1.8 1.4

Professional and technical services .............. 3.6 3.4 2.1 3.2 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.1 2.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.8 2.4 5.7 2.3 1.7 6.7 3.2 2.7 3.1

Education and health services ........................... 3.1 2.6 1.2 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.3 1.9 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.6 2.0 3.6 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 1.8 1.3 2.6 2.3 3.4 1.7 1.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.6 2.9 1.4 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.1 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.9 1.5 4.1 2.2 1.6 6.0 2.3 2.0 2.7

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.8 1.5 5.8 2.0 1.4 8.1 2.8 2.5 3.6

Other services ................................................... 3.8 3.1 3.8 3.5 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.4 2.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.7 2.0 1.3 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.5 3.2 2.7 2.1 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.6 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.3

New England ..................................................... 3.3 3.3 2.9 1.9 1.5 3.6 1.8 2.5 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.2 0.9 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 4.4 3.0 2.2 2.8 1.7 4.5 4.5 3.2 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 2.8 2.7 1.5 1.1 1.9 4.0 3.2 0.9

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.6 0.9 2.0 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.4 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.6 1.1 2.3 1.6 1.3 2.3 1.7 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 4.6 3.6 1.7 4.1 2.6 2.7 4.1 2.5 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 2.9 2.7 0.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.2 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.1

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, private industry workers, March 2017

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 79 21 67 33

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 80 20 68 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 79 21 70 30

Professional and related .................................... 80 20 68 32

Service ................................................................... 77 23 62 38

Protective service .............................................. 81 19 73 27

Sales and office ..................................................... 78 22 65 35

Sales and related ............................................... 77 23 64 36

Office and administrative support ...................... 78 22 65 35

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 79 21 68 32

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 79 21 68 32

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 79 21 68 32

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 79 21 72 28

Production ......................................................... 79 21 73 27

Transportation and material moving .................. 80 20 71 29

Full time ................................................................. 79 21 68 32

Part time ................................................................ 77 23 62 38

Union ..................................................................... 87 13 83 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 77 23 65 35

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 75 25 59 41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 74 26 59 41

Second 25 percent ............................................ 78 22 66 34

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 21 68 32

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 80 20 71 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 80 20 72 28

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 80 20 72 28

Construction ...................................................... 79 21 66 34

Manufacturing .................................................... 80 20 74 26

Service-providing industries .................................. 78 22 66 34

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 78 22 67 33

Wholesale trade ............................................. 77 23 68 32

Retail trade .................................................... 76 24 61 39

Transportation and warehousing ................... 83 17 74 26

Utilities ........................................................... 87 13 77 23

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

Information ......................................................... 80 20 76 24

Financial activities ............................................. 79 21 70 30

Finance and insurance .................................. 79 21 71 29

Credit intermediation and related activities 79 21 70 30

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 80 20 73 27

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 77 23 63 37

Professional and business services .................. 78 22 65 35

Professional and technical services .............. 80 20 65 35

Administrative and waste services ................ 74 26 60 40

Education and health services ........................... 79 21 64 36

Educational services ...................................... 80 20 66 34

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 80 20 69 31

Health care and social assistance ................. 79 21 63 37

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 77 23 64 36

Accommodation and food services ................ 74 26 61 39

Other services ................................................... 80 20 66 34

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 78 22 63 37

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 78 22 64 36

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 23 62 38

100 workers or more .............................................. 80 20 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 21 66 34

500 workers or more .......................................... 81 19 76 24

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 81 19 72 28

New England ..................................................... 78 22 72 28

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 82 18 72 28

South ..................................................................... 78 22 64 36

South Atlantic .................................................... 78 22 66 34

East South Central ............................................ 78 22 66 34

West South Central ........................................... 77 23 61 39

Midwest ................................................................. 78 22 69 31

East North Central ............................................. 78 22 70 30

West North Central ............................................ 78 22 67 33

West ...................................................................... 80 20 67 33

Mountain ............................................................ 78 22 65 35

Pacific ................................................................ 81 19 68 32

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 3.3 3.3 5.6 5.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 1.6 2.4 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Construction ...................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.9

Utilities ........................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.4 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

Information ......................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Financial activities ............................................. 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.8 1.8 4.6 4.6

Professional and business services .................. 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

Professional and technical services .............. 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.8

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.2 1.2 2.3 2.3

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.1

Other services ................................................... 1.3 1.3 2.4 2.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

South ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $433.91 15 $569.18 85 $410.86 $134.13

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 444.53 14 549.75 86 427.48 130.69

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 428.23 11 529.67 89 415.57 130.79

Professional and related .................................... 100 454.46 16 558.40 84 435.13 130.62

Service ................................................................... 100 415.13 15 581.58 85 385.61 138.99

Protective service .............................................. 100 406.44 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 425.48 13 602.59 87 400.02 134.65

Sales and related ............................................... 100 409.68 9 661.15 91 384.85 129.15

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 433.07 14 584.91 86 407.75 137.45

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 432.78 22 562.66 78 400.37 147.49

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 438.17 30 578.01 70 386.64 160.51

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 428.63 15 540.89 85 409.42 138.92

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 436.17 16 563.45 84 413.07 130.85

Production ......................................................... 100 427.65 14 509.61 86 415.54 128.35

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 446.64 19 609.69 81 409.82 134.12

Full time ................................................................. 100 433.03 15 553.32 85 412.96 133.81

Part time ................................................................ 100 447.37 19 756.05 81 377.05 139.37

Union ..................................................................... 100 542.49 40 641.54 60 479.02 126.26

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 415.83 11 524.27 89 403.13 135.02

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 414.23 13 671.37 87 376.28 141.07

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 421.09 14 834.52 86 355.61 139.01

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 421.15 14 549.68 86 400.14 137.74

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 436.48 15 542.70 85 418.07 132.41

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 448.36 16 574.90 84 425.38 130.35

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 443.12 15 568.48 85 421.85 128.88

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 434.54 17 527.94 83 417.38 133.18

Construction ...................................................... 100 432.27 30 569.69 70 381.14 166.35

Manufacturing .................................................... 100 435.49 13 501.18 87 426.40 124.41

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 433.73 14 582.37 86 408.97 134.41

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 100 436.16 15 636.66 85 399.53 135.35

Wholesale trade ............................................. 100 412.75 13 559.04 87 391.27 137.49

Retail trade .................................................... 100 429.46 14 743.56 86 376.44 146.24

Transportation and warehousing ................... 100 462.09 19 574.67 81 435.10 118.24

Utilities ........................................................... 100 512.24 20 504.82 80 514.09 98.89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... 100 $442.09 14 $592.94 86 $417.18 $119.25

Financial activities ............................................. 100 417.36 9 574.09 91 402.54 123.25

Finance and insurance .................................. 100 412.71 8 530.79 92 402.38 118.68

Credit intermediation and related activities 100 411.86 7 525.17 93 403.95 118.76

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 100 415.64 11 529.24 89 402.15 116.21

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 100 435.48 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 100 409.99 14 531.55 86 389.43 134.60

Professional and technical services .............. 100 428.96 19 517.09 81 408.24 133.44

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 389.14 9 584.57 91 368.69 146.07

Education and health services ........................... 100 462.04 11 583.53 89 446.72 133.55

Educational services ...................................... 100 481.13 12 654.25 88 458.77 135.12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 488.84 7 652.57 93 476.43 131.87

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 458.46 11 569.91 89 444.46 133.26

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 400.46 22 523.20 78 365.65 149.13

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 382.95 16 537.79 84 353.42 153.41

Other services ................................................... 100 461.39 30 589.70 70 403.28 175.02

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 423.04 17 539.53 83 401.04 141.95

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 426.29 19 544.45 81 400.77 140.72

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 415.80 12 522.94 88 401.60 144.50

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 442.13 14 595.38 86 418.07 128.38

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 438.78 13 640.37 87 407.90 133.11

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 446.66 14 537.28 86 431.97 121.92

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 463.99 19 579.90 81 437.64 131.24

New England ..................................................... 100 441.38 15 585.06 85 418.89 145.01

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 470.89 20 578.83 80 443.83 126.69

South ..................................................................... 100 423.56 12 557.34 88 404.72 135.96

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 433.89 12 580.26 88 414.10 137.12

East South Central ............................................ 100 416.05 14 515.47 86 401.29 130.23

West South Central ........................................... 100 410.52 13 544.46 87 390.93 137.05

Midwest ................................................................. 100 424.01 12 593.31 88 401.42 136.20

East North Central ............................................. 100 431.54 12 609.09 88 408.32 137.23

West North Central ............................................ 100 407.77 13 561.08 87 386.42 133.97

West ...................................................................... 100 434.93 18 555.92 82 409.29 131.30

Mountain ............................................................ 100 419.12 14 550.96 86 397.44 134.55

Pacific ................................................................ 100 442.56 20 557.69 80 415.37 129.64

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $3.42 0.6 $8.75 0.6 $2.93 $1.34

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 6.28 1.3 11.68 1.3 5.91 2.30

Management, business, and financial ............... 6.16 1.1 18.39 1.1 5.82 2.98

Professional and related .................................... 7.89 1.7 10.85 1.7 7.98 3.14

Service ................................................................... 10.02 2.6 33.40 2.6 10.80 5.56

Protective service .............................................. 26.31 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 4.87 0.9 17.72 0.9 3.67 2.05

Sales and related ............................................... 7.22 1.1 38.78 1.1 5.44 2.81

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.77 1.2 19.54 1.2 4.26 3.30

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.60 2.2 14.65 2.2 7.17 4.21

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 11.39 4.5 23.14 4.5 12.54 7.46

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 7.73 2.3 20.44 2.3 7.03 4.38

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.37 1.5 20.86 1.5 5.81 2.54

Production ......................................................... 8.38 1.5 16.56 1.5 8.37 3.13

Transportation and material moving .................. 9.45 2.2 28.02 2.2 7.09 3.32

Full time ................................................................. 3.45 0.6 8.47 0.6 2.98 1.33

Part time ................................................................ 16.90 2.2 35.69 2.2 14.34 6.20

Union ..................................................................... 9.08 2.4 19.16 2.4 6.69 2.92

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.66 0.6 10.28 0.6 3.22 1.45

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 11.33 1.2 41.31 1.2 11.82 5.63

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 17.73 2.0 59.34 2.0 14.87 10.43

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.27 1.0 14.50 1.0 3.96 2.57

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4.81 0.9 11.79 0.9 4.19 1.94

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4.88 1.2 8.30 1.2 4.70 2.19

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6.53 1.8 14.36 1.8 6.29 3.21

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 5.60 1.4 13.80 1.4 4.81 2.78

Construction ...................................................... 9.85 3.5 19.14 3.5 11.13 7.30

Manufacturing .................................................... 6.33 1.3 17.47 1.3 5.73 2.80

Service-providing industries .................................. 4.09 0.7 10.56 0.7 3.49 1.50

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 6.75 1.4 21.58 1.4 3.64 2.60

Wholesale trade ............................................. 7.68 1.3 28.33 1.3 7.67 3.08

Retail trade .................................................... 8.72 1.6 37.46 1.6 4.89 4.19

Transportation and warehousing ................... 10.12 3.7 33.87 3.7 9.41 4.59

Utilities ........................................................... 10.29 4.9 36.02 4.9 9.42 4.70

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... $10.34 2.3 $17.22 2.3 $9.33 $2.60

Financial activities ............................................. 6.59 1.2 21.17 1.2 4.93 2.14

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.44 0.9 17.12 0.9 3.43 1.76

Credit intermediation and related activities 4.51 0.9 21.54 0.9 4.00 2.60

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 5.22 1.8 28.20 1.8 4.64 2.08

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 27.34 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 9.28 1.9 21.78 1.9 7.57 4.14

Professional and technical services .............. 14.98 3.9 24.50 3.9 12.90 6.01

Administrative and waste services ................ 12.96 2.3 73.53 2.3 8.50 5.21

Education and health services ........................... 8.99 1.6 19.43 1.6 9.49 4.00

Educational services ...................................... 7.54 1.6 38.31 1.6 6.86 5.02

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.73 1.7 38.50 1.7 4.34 4.52

Health care and social assistance ................. 10.39 2.0 22.89 2.0 10.91 4.66

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 14.04 4.6 29.68 4.6 21.88 8.92

Accommodation and food services ................ 16.02 3.7 28.43 3.7 23.23 9.66

Other services ................................................... 17.06 3.0 35.32 3.0 16.38 11.28

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.17 0.9 10.73 0.9 5.02 2.64

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.36 1.1 12.36 1.1 6.17 3.07

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.27 1.3 17.91 1.3 6.92 4.53

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.87 0.9 13.72 0.9 3.21 1.26

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5.30 1.2 17.59 1.2 4.01 1.79

500 workers or more .......................................... 5.22 1.2 15.52 1.2 5.18 2.04

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7.00 1.0 9.60 1.0 7.85 2.70

New England ..................................................... 11.29 2.2 46.93 2.2 10.89 4.89

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 10.22 1.3 12.44 1.3 10.76 3.17

South ..................................................................... 6.33 1.0 17.75 1.0 5.26 2.06

South Atlantic .................................................... 10.60 1.5 26.43 1.5 8.75 2.36

East South Central ............................................ 10.64 2.0 41.02 2.0 8.89 4.39

West South Central ........................................... 8.26 1.5 23.36 1.5 7.05 4.60

Midwest ................................................................. 5.98 1.2 20.13 1.2 4.92 2.61

East North Central ............................................. 7.25 1.6 15.80 1.6 7.05 3.44

West North Central ............................................ 11.84 1.9 58.80 1.9 4.39 3.44

West ...................................................................... 7.42 1.7 18.84 1.7 5.65 3.27

Mountain ............................................................ 15.20 1.6 25.11 1.6 13.27 2.87

Pacific ................................................................ 8.12 2.4 23.90 2.4 4.97 4.66

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 70 16 13 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 16 14 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 72 15 11 2

Professional and related .................................... 65 – 16 –

Service ................................................................... 77 14 8 1

Protective service .............................................. 72 18 11 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 22 10 1

Sales and related ............................................... 60 30 10 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 18 10 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 9 17 1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 73 9 17 1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 73 9 17 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 76 10 13 1

Production ......................................................... 80 9 11 1

Transportation and material moving .................. 71 11 17 1

Full time ................................................................. 71 15 13 1

Part time ................................................................ 60 26 – –

Union ..................................................................... 73 9 16 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 16 12 1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 17 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 82 12 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 18 12 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 72 14 13 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 15 14 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 69 17 12 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 76 10 13 1

Construction ...................................................... 81 – 11 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 76 11 12 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 69 17 12 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 63 22 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 80 – 12 –

Retail trade .................................................... 50 38 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 65 – 22 –

Utilities ........................................................... 72 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 76 – 17 –

Financial activities ............................................. 62 25 12 2

Finance and insurance .................................. 58 29 11 2

Credit intermediation and related activities 61 30 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 58 24 14 4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 76 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 76 11 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 73 14 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 84 7 10 –

Education and health services ........................... 69 15 – –

Educational services ...................................... 75 18 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 66 27 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 68 – 15 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 78 17 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 75 19 – –

Other services ................................................... 73 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 – 13 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 – 14 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 11 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 67 19 13 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 71 17 11 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 21 15 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 16 12 2

New England ..................................................... 77 13 9 1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 17 – –

South ..................................................................... 72 16 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 16 – –

East South Central ............................................ 83 10 – –

West South Central ........................................... 69 18 13 4 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 70 14 15 1

East North Central ............................................. 70 14 15 1

West North Central ............................................ 70 – 15 –

West ...................................................................... 69 17 13 1

Mountain ............................................................ 62 22 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 72 14 13 1

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2017

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.2 – 1.8 –

Service ................................................................... 2.1 1.8 1.3 0.2

Protective service .............................................. 4.2 4.0 3.1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 1.6 1.6 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 1.2 2.1 0.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 2.3 3.7 0.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 1.2 2.3 0.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.0 1.4 0.4

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.3 1.6 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 1.5 2.3 0.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.3 2.5 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.9 1.9 2.6 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.2 1.6 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.8 3.6 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.0 1.4 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 2.6 1.6 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.7 1.4 1.5 0.2

Construction ...................................................... 1.7 – 1.5 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.1 1.7 1.8 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.1 1.1 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4.3 – 2.7 –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.5 2.2 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.8 – 4.9 –

Utilities ........................................................... 6.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 3.9 – 4.4 –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.4 2.1 1.2 0.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.2 2.3 1.2 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.3 3.3 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.8 3.1 2.1 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.6 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 2.6 2.3 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 3.6 3.4 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.9 3.0 2.4 –

Education and health services ........................... 2.9 2.0 – –

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.4 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.2 3.2 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.2 – 3.0 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.5 3.1 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.4 3.8 – –

Other services ................................................... 5.1 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 – 1.1 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 – 1.2 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 1.9 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.2 1.3 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.5 1.4 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 1.7 1.5 0.7

New England ..................................................... 3.4 2.7 2.2 0.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.8 2.0 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 1.4 – –

East South Central ............................................ 3.7 1.6 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.1 1.7 2.0 4 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.0 1.8 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 1.2 2.4 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 4.0 – 2.6 –

West ...................................................................... 2.5 2.5 2.2 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 5.1 3.9 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.6 3.2 1.9 0.5

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,060.25 8 $1,435.46 92 $1,026.74 $546.83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,092.27 6 1,365.28 94 1,075.55 531.80

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 1,096.12 4 1,376.96 96 1,083.75 501.48

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,089.92 7 1,360.80 93 1,070.41 550.83

Service ................................................................... 100 964.40 11 1,509.91 89 897.15 619.07

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,077.07 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 999.59 6 1,405.59 94 973.83 563.23

Sales and related ............................................... 100 958.29 5 1,434.83 95 931.48 560.07

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,019.46 6 1,393.65 94 994.41 564.76

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,056.83 16 1,454.69 84 993.60 599.13

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 1,029.34 24 1,518.38 76 904.52 642.28

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 1,077.35 9 1,344.42 91 1,051.68 571.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,134.04 11 1,473.33 89 1,089.76 489.03

Production ......................................................... 100 1,142.66 10 1,466.12 90 1,107.95 455.41

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 1,123.44 14 1,479.54 86 1,066.31 532.37

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,064.68 8 1,428.91 92 1,034.14 539.01

Part time ................................................................ 100 991.14 15 1,486.78 85 900.90 679.83

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,374.51 35 1,527.68 65 1,293.63 441.62

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 1,008.53 4 1,299.60 96 996.84 558.61

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 898.73 8 1,388.40 92 855.48 644.17

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 868.33 9 1,396.69 91 812.03 622.62

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,015.57 8 1,391.62 92 982.82 563.91

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,076.22 8 1,430.34 92 1,045.84 543.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,136.56 9 1,486.03 91 1,103.50 502.71

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,137.29 8 1,423.64 92 1,114.51 481.88

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 1,137.03 11 1,453.23 89 1,100.77 486.95

Construction ...................................................... 100 999.13 22 1,505.80 78 884.04 680.02

Manufacturing .................................................... 100 1,179.27 8 1,416.03 92 1,158.01 435.11

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,037.65 8 1,428.37 92 1,005.58 563.93

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 100 1,050.46 10 1,451.93 90 1,006.32 565.77

Wholesale trade ............................................. 100 1,080.97 8 1,444.32 92 1,048.97 521.43

Retail trade .................................................... 100 920.36 8 1,434.66 92 872.55 644.50

Transportation and warehousing ................... 100 1,191.04 14 1,476.84 86 1,142.13 494.18

Utilities ........................................................... 100 1,374.05 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... 100 $1,193.57 12 $1,500.65 88 $1,152.71 $407.12

Financial activities ............................................. 100 1,079.92 3 1,427.99 97 1,069.99 481.64

Finance and insurance .................................. 100 1,090.75 2 1,376.37 98 1,084.01 444.43

Credit intermediation and related activities 100 1,048.18 2 1,284.96 98 1,044.26 462.49

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 100 1,126.69 3 1,418.47 97 1,117.15 431.51

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 100 1,037.72 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 100 950.02 5 1,253.41 95 935.56 553.66

Professional and technical services .............. 100 956.65 5 1,113.58 95 948.51 561.01

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 916.60 4 1,590.95 96 886.53 600.53

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,060.55 6 1,477.73 94 1,033.68 617.52

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,110.17 4 1,618.04 96 1,089.69 562.56

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,167.41 3 1,624.74 97 1,152.55 537.23

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,051.00 6 1,461.57 94 1,022.61 628.38

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 978.51 – – – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 923.40 – – – – –

Other services ................................................... 100 1,077.31 13 1,229.12 87 1,053.57 648.45

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 986.90 8 1,346.57 92 957.79 608.91

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 979.13 9 1,329.27 91 946.88 601.44

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 1,003.99 6 1,405.94 94 981.00 624.81

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,114.48 9 1,491.89 91 1,078.41 500.30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,039.76 7 1,495.44 93 1,006.34 554.88

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,215.02 11 1,488.99 89 1,180.23 423.20

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,154.18 12 1,467.88 88 1,113.68 500.99

New England ..................................................... 100 1,144.82 9 1,456.01 91 1,118.88 490.82

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,157.15 13 1,470.18 87 1,111.93 504.40

South ..................................................................... 100 1,016.54 6 1,450.19 94 989.45 577.80

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 1,056.10 7 1,468.06 93 1,026.71 574.36

East South Central ............................................ 100 1,004.01 7 1,398.21 93 975.12 527.68

West South Central ........................................... 100 958.84 4 1,448.40 96 937.82 608.74

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,069.21 8 1,404.70 92 1,041.32 528.05

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,085.35 8 1,412.38 92 1,057.45 519.41

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,034.68 8 1,386.96 92 1,007.05 546.42

West ...................................................................... 100 1,040.91 10 1,415.71 90 1,001.06 554.16

Mountain ............................................................ 100 980.47 8 1,351.03 92 948.57 563.91

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,070.00 11 1,439.39 89 1,027.03 549.34

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $8.27 0.5 $21.70 0.5 $9.06 $5.10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 14.97 0.9 39.49 0.9 15.75 8.47

Management, business, and financial ............... 16.42 0.7 39.30 0.7 16.28 12.10

Professional and related .................................... 19.25 1.2 53.37 1.2 20.41 10.28

Service ................................................................... 30.75 2.6 58.28 2.6 32.25 19.52

Protective service .............................................. 117.02 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 11.97 0.7 30.48 0.7 12.66 7.47

Sales and related ............................................... 18.30 1.0 52.58 1.0 19.40 14.66

Office and administrative support ...................... 15.05 0.8 35.07 0.8 15.25 10.95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15.54 1.9 46.31 1.9 18.38 13.12

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 25.20 4.4 51.50 4.4 31.18 20.10

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 20.84 1.6 97.31 1.6 23.17 16.72

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 20.46 1.2 28.40 1.2 20.98 10.48

Production ......................................................... 30.17 1.4 42.06 1.4 31.25 9.81

Transportation and material moving .................. 23.15 2.0 41.20 2.0 22.16 19.94

Full time ................................................................. 8.41 0.5 24.15 0.5 9.30 5.62

Part time ................................................................ 34.33 2.3 19.56 2.3 37.25 20.64

Union ..................................................................... 18.42 2.4 24.10 2.4 21.69 13.63

Nonunion ............................................................... 9.39 0.3 30.05 0.3 9.41 5.35

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30.96 1.0 45.23 1.0 31.21 16.16

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 38.81 1.4 25.55 1.4 41.28 35.07

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12.85 0.9 44.07 0.9 13.96 11.21

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12.22 0.7 32.25 0.7 12.21 8.36

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 11.54 0.9 29.85 0.9 12.61 8.06

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 15.00 1.3 38.95 1.3 15.81 10.01

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 17.79 1.4 30.11 1.4 18.55 7.88

Construction ...................................................... 19.38 3.7 48.03 3.7 22.91 21.07

Manufacturing .................................................... 22.98 1.4 34.88 1.4 23.78 6.90

Service-providing industries .................................. 9.30 0.5 27.88 0.5 10.38 6.24

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 14.35 1.4 27.50 1.4 12.18 12.89

Wholesale trade ............................................. 22.55 1.1 55.61 1.1 25.21 16.75

Retail trade .................................................... 19.51 1.2 43.69 1.2 20.77 17.04

Transportation and warehousing ................... 34.85 3.5 50.56 3.5 31.97 27.23

Utilities ........................................................... 35.17 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... $26.07 2.1 $48.05 2.1 $25.42 $11.89

Financial activities ............................................. 21.87 0.6 28.40 0.6 21.57 12.27

Finance and insurance .................................. 9.89 0.3 65.64 0.3 10.31 5.39

Credit intermediation and related activities 12.53 0.4 31.52 0.4 12.43 8.19

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 19.85 0.7 111.31 0.7 20.06 11.25

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 85.23 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 18.64 0.9 103.79 0.9 18.58 14.35

Professional and technical services .............. 28.91 1.7 113.76 1.7 27.98 21.19

Administrative and waste services ................ 28.92 1.5 151.23 1.5 24.80 25.28

Education and health services ........................... 25.31 1.3 39.47 1.3 26.90 14.39

Educational services ...................................... 36.29 1.3 63.77 1.3 37.37 20.18

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 36.47 0.7 65.00 0.7 36.96 20.15

Health care and social assistance ................. 29.72 1.6 45.65 1.6 31.33 16.42

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 51.72 – – – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 51.16 – – – – –

Other services ................................................... 76.17 3.8 110.97 3.8 75.49 41.77

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 13.98 0.7 35.56 0.7 14.61 9.74

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 14.61 0.9 43.87 0.9 14.79 10.34

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 25.30 0.9 55.96 0.9 25.95 20.51

100 workers or more .............................................. 9.69 0.7 20.75 0.7 10.66 6.34

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 14.85 0.8 25.07 0.8 13.70 10.13

500 workers or more .......................................... 11.17 1.3 34.95 1.3 12.85 6.76

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14.41 1.3 49.09 1.3 22.54 8.96

New England ..................................................... 32.62 1.5 77.32 1.5 36.30 20.95

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 18.16 1.9 57.21 1.9 29.59 9.33

South ..................................................................... 16.20 0.8 28.73 0.8 16.74 9.35

South Atlantic .................................................... 22.74 1.3 42.17 1.3 23.35 12.24

East South Central ............................................ 43.72 1.8 39.39 1.8 50.41 10.49

West South Central ........................................... 26.12 0.9 46.31 0.9 25.19 20.46

Midwest ................................................................. 11.70 1.1 57.10 1.1 11.21 11.30

East North Central ............................................. 13.87 1.5 65.23 1.5 12.71 13.01

West North Central ............................................ 21.54 1.1 118.55 1.1 21.62 20.21

West ...................................................................... 18.96 1.0 32.94 1.0 19.99 9.62

Mountain ............................................................ 32.48 0.9 85.84 0.9 42.02 12.65

Pacific ................................................................ 23.18 1.4 33.31 1.4 21.48 12.84

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 70 15 13 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 69 15 14 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 72 15 11 2

Professional and related .................................... 67 – 15 –

Service ................................................................... 75 15 – –

Protective service .............................................. 71 18 11 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 66 21 12 1

Sales and related ............................................... 57 30 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 17 12 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 9 17 1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 73 – 18 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 73 9 16 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 76 9 14 1

Production ......................................................... 80 8 11 3 ( )

Transportation and material moving .................. 72 – 17 –

Full time ................................................................. 71 15 13 1

Part time ................................................................ 60 26 – –

Union ..................................................................... 73 9 16 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 16 13 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 16 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 82 – 6 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 69 17 13 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 72 13 14 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 15 14 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 69 17 13 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 77 10 13 1

Construction ...................................................... 81 – 12 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 77 11 12 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 69 17 13 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 63 22 15 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 78 – 14 –

Retail trade .................................................... 50 38 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 66 – 21 –

Utilities ........................................................... 70 8 22 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 73 – 17 –

Financial activities ............................................. 63 24 11 2

Finance and insurance .................................. 59 28 11 2

Credit intermediation and related activities 61 29 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 60 23 13 4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 78 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 76 – 12 –

Professional and technical services .............. 75 12 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 79 – 14 –

Education and health services ........................... 69 15 – –

Educational services ...................................... 74 18 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 66 26 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 68 – 15 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 76 17 7 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 73 19 – –

Other services ................................................... 73 – 15 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 74 – 14 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 72 – 15 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 – 11 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 18 13 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 16 11 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 21 15 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 16 12 2

New England ..................................................... 78 13 8 1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 16 – –

South ..................................................................... 72 14 11 2

South Atlantic .................................................... 72 15 – –

East South Central ............................................ 82 9 – –

West South Central ........................................... 68 15 16 3 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 69 14 16 1

East North Central ............................................. 70 – 15 –

West North Central ............................................ 67 – 19 –

West ...................................................................... 68 17 14 1

Mountain ............................................................ 61 23 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 71 15 – –

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2017

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 – 1.7 –

Service ................................................................... 2.0 1.8 – –

Protective service .............................................. 4.3 4.0 3.2 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.6 1.6 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.3 1.2 2.1 0.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.9 – 3.8 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.8 1.3 2.2 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 0.9 1.4 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.0 1.3 1.6 0.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.6 – 2.2 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 2.4 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.9 1.8 2.6 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 1.4 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 – 2.1 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.0 1.4 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.4 1.5 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 1.3 1.4 0.1

Construction ...................................................... 2.2 – 1.3 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.1 1.7 1.8 0.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.2 1.1 1.6 0.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4.5 – 3.2 –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.8 2.3 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.8 – 4.6 –

Utilities ........................................................... 5.9 2.9 6.4 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 4.4 – 4.2 –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.5 2.0 1.3 0.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.2 2.3 1.2 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.4 3.2 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.8 2.9 2.1 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.4 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 – 1.5 –

Professional and technical services .............. 2.7 2.8 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 5.3 – 3.9 –

Education and health services ........................... 2.6 1.8 – –

Educational services ...................................... 2.8 2.3 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.2 3.2 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 – 2.9 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.6 3.2 2.5 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.5 3.8 – –

Other services ................................................... 3.1 – 3.4 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 – 1.3 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 – 1.5 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 – 2.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 1.5 1.4 0.8

New England ..................................................... 3.0 2.7 1.8 0.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.7 1.7 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.0 – –

East South Central ............................................ 3.7 1.5 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.0 2.6 0.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 1.0 2.1 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 – 2.4 –

West North Central ............................................ 4.8 – 3.7 –

West ...................................................................... 2.1 2.5 2.1 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.3 4.0 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 3.2 – –

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, private industry workers, 

March 2017

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $44.92 $80.00 $120.69 $165.92 $234.95 $198.00 $302.80 $454.36 $707.25 $1038.76

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 40.00 74.61 116.08 162.53 231.83 192.59 303.34 444.33 682.08 1038.76

Management, business, and financial ............... 44.92 77.19 116.08 162.53 228.77 174.19 300.00 433.33 633.79 948.14

Professional and related .................................... 39.91 72.89 116.08 162.43 231.83 195.00 312.54 458.30 706.23 1086.42

Service ................................................................... 44.29 85.00 120.51 185.00 258.77 215.00 356.50 574.11 904.56 1106.41

Protective service .............................................. – 93.00 106.24 129.00 168.58 216.08 280.00 458.00 509.16 687.72

Sales and office ..................................................... 50.00 84.92 127.00 164.37 226.40 219.75 324.04 460.36 720.00 1038.85

Sales and related ............................................... 54.92 85.17 126.00 161.94 215.00 215.00 298.63 433.54 640.18 1013.74

Office and administrative support ...................... 45.64 83.79 127.50 165.92 238.93 219.75 333.67 471.28 744.90 1051.65

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 50.00 80.49 129.92 185.10 261.73 211.79 302.25 490.50 774.75 1118.57

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 51.67 89.80 144.00 210.14 268.94 247.83 360.11 539.06 847.91 1085.27

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 48.00 77.30 123.50 169.00 252.68 187.42 289.42 440.00 737.00 1205.75

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 47.00 78.54 116.08 158.82 210.40 167.51 274.48 379.90 578.86 896.99

Production ......................................................... 43.33 75.01 116.02 156.53 210.40 159.75 257.66 370.00 544.49 844.52

Transportation and material moving .................. 51.33 87.00 120.73 164.67 212.11 198.00 286.57 405.00 629.53 1002.92

Full time ................................................................. 44.92 79.79 120.38 164.37 234.35 196.78 300.00 448.50 691.17 1033.49

Part time ................................................................ – 93.00 125.71 217.00 253.50 268.00 358.84 536.20 783.00 1106.41

Union ..................................................................... 43.33 81.14 114.65 157.91 206.70 192.10 270.00 374.93 547.73 822.96

Nonunion ............................................................... 45.00 80.00 121.33 166.74 238.11 199.75 312.52 460.00 722.30 1078.79

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 54.62 87.32 125.58 185.06 274.52 232.18 353.23 536.20 850.84 1098.00

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 50.57 85.00 116.08 173.01 259.44 205.84 340.58 503.08 954.32 1209.08

Second 25 percent ............................................ 50.00 82.42 122.00 164.37 245.32 216.00 309.00 459.60 765.69 1106.41

Third 25 percent ................................................ 41.00 76.56 117.02 164.15 226.41 196.78 297.27 453.84 678.74 1013.71

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 44.29 75.31 119.17 162.76 225.44 185.21 297.27 425.70 621.92 948.14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 44.79 77.92 118.69 161.94 225.44 183.74 290.00 405.45 587.22 938.40

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 43.33 75.01 116.50 161.94 233.66 179.40 274.48 388.55 599.62 896.99

Construction ...................................................... 47.36 93.70 137.63 207.64 268.94 253.97 381.33 553.58 854.83 1101.56

Manufacturing .................................................... 42.25 71.41 108.42 156.52 198.40 155.69 252.46 357.51 515.96 779.99

Service-providing industries .................................. 45.50 82.59 121.45 166.49 235.63 205.59 324.30 470.46 746.30 1081.30

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 52.10 83.27 122.00 166.74 222.63 203.50 290.00 435.00 687.14 1016.18

Wholesale trade ............................................. 64.63 87.75 128.87 168.58 217.42 219.75 297.27 429.08 649.40 878.91

Retail trade .................................................... 50.57 81.43 127.20 171.30 262.17 205.84 330.00 496.83 790.74 1200.58

Transportation and warehousing ................... 51.33 80.82 111.31 159.40 200.00 174.19 280.00 386.01 606.91 1043.70

Utilities ........................................................... – 54.74 87.00 135.00 204.75 132.35 211.77 349.00 550.22 878.83

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... $47.67 $70.00 $116.08 $150.00 $190.00 $183.90 $290.00 $354.73 $496.83 $638.00

Financial activities ............................................. 49.50 72.97 121.16 150.00 205.00 205.84 324.61 444.55 588.82 914.62

Finance and insurance .................................. 50.00 70.12 117.65 144.26 186.01 203.76 312.52 427.42 509.90 749.94

Credit intermediation and related activities 51.00 74.00 119.45 141.55 185.77 211.79 324.61 455.05 537.41 758.35

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 42.00 65.67 116.08 139.67 189.00 189.93 280.01 404.15 496.83 723.53

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 125.00 160.01 288.69 219.75 356.18 537.41 829.36 1205.75

Professional and business services .................. 37.66 86.97 127.50 163.08 219.46 186.36 300.00 462.50 687.04 1106.19

Professional and technical services .............. 35.00 83.60 119.17 154.00 215.00 192.59 300.00 462.50 687.04 1118.57

Administrative and waste services ................ 64.63 112.00 141.90 168.58 227.50 219.75 360.11 487.00 720.00 1118.00

Education and health services ........................... 42.90 79.26 112.51 173.00 270.00 230.50 344.77 550.84 927.96 1106.41

Educational services ...................................... 51.33 79.37 115.92 166.49 249.00 269.28 352.00 484.75 763.60 946.76

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 45.88 69.68 109.37 175.73 238.79 270.00 345.60 461.00 606.05 935.22

Health care and social assistance ................. 41.17 79.26 112.51 173.33 275.00 224.30 342.03 555.00 948.14 1120.62

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 93.00 151.41 217.00 284.23 224.24 376.12 548.76 890.96 1082.26

Accommodation and food services ................ – 108.34 154.31 217.00 284.23 – 406.72 651.86 910.18 1203.20

Other services ................................................... 54.77 93.00 139.75 225.00 320.16 – 343.72 485.27 935.22 1235.20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 52.10 86.97 127.00 173.75 258.30 221.84 339.00 496.83 829.36 1130.40

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 53.40 90.16 127.75 176.50 240.32 234.37 342.03 490.06 783.00 1118.57

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 50.06 83.27 123.28 173.01 275.00 200.00 312.30 511.69 890.96 1203.20

100 workers or more .............................................. 41.17 74.00 116.08 161.66 221.60 179.00 280.06 414.98 625.50 946.76

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 43.33 75.01 116.08 162.75 231.83 199.75 302.12 454.36 693.00 1015.84

500 workers or more .......................................... 40.00 71.50 115.83 157.99 201.07 144.00 250.58 363.00 499.63 671.68

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 50.00 81.00 118.76 164.72 229.65 177.86 280.00 397.50 595.47 923.72

New England ..................................................... 53.35 94.05 122.85 169.17 240.19 198.00 308.12 404.15 600.69 845.77

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 47.02 75.53 116.50 162.50 217.42 167.51 276.75 394.52 587.16 970.06

South ..................................................................... 40.00 81.14 123.28 168.58 243.87 198.00 302.25 470.17 787.53 1098.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 40.00 80.99 123.00 168.58 251.46 200.00 300.00 461.00 751.62 1071.37

East South Central ............................................ 38.12 78.00 118.76 154.00 235.63 153.00 281.13 406.26 735.83 1082.26

West South Central ........................................... 44.92 86.85 125.80 170.72 247.46 211.79 345.60 506.07 882.95 1130.40

Midwest ................................................................. 50.06 78.98 123.00 163.10 234.95 205.40 308.66 455.18 681.00 957.68

East North Central ............................................. 52.10 83.98 125.34 163.10 230.00 200.00 306.61 437.04 652.50 951.66

West North Central ............................................ 44.31 73.15 117.65 162.53 240.74 216.67 320.75 478.08 720.00 1000.00

West ...................................................................... 40.00 76.77 114.65 165.92 226.40 205.84 324.30 471.92 720.00 1078.79

Mountain ............................................................ 45.50 82.09 116.00 165.92 217.42 214.93 331.10 456.50 690.46 1051.65

Pacific ................................................................ – 75.53 114.65 161.82 227.50 199.75 323.70 478.86 736.34 1078.79

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $1.36 $1.28 $1.33 $2.13 $4.20 $2.97 $5.25 $6.97 $17.56 $26.76

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.91 3.14 1.52 3.32 7.69 7.40 12.29 14.17 26.90 42.51

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.70 4.00 2.58 4.28 12.60 15.95 18.67 8.87 24.35 61.52

Professional and related .................................... 3.89 4.70 2.87 8.56 9.38 6.17 13.75 15.90 23.15 26.01

Service ................................................................... 10.37 4.14 4.76 22.15 37.29 15.59 26.46 59.96 49.80 64.40

Protective service .............................................. – 15.37 18.47 2.78 7.45 48.57 51.23 77.67 141.07 179.77

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.46 2.99 1.55 1.68 11.33 7.11 10.23 5.46 26.09 16.47

Sales and related ............................................... 4.38 3.62 4.93 5.66 9.51 6.88 15.54 15.65 44.11 114.30

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.93 4.98 1.68 3.75 14.56 9.07 11.52 13.23 27.52 36.37

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.60 1.76 2.70 5.90 16.38 12.91 24.39 14.13 39.14 81.09

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 8.88 7.30 5.46 18.09 20.74 25.98 22.00 58.55 94.07 101.72

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5.39 3.77 3.98 11.29 18.90 11.71 15.40 22.09 54.83 55.81

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.07 1.80 1.80 1.62 6.45 17.02 6.80 10.96 18.71 74.07

Production ......................................................... 5.03 2.11 2.86 4.40 14.32 6.26 13.31 13.41 37.95 36.83

Transportation and material moving .................. 5.70 3.11 5.00 7.05 7.76 9.04 7.77 25.00 40.01 54.29

Full time ................................................................. 1.20 1.24 1.38 1.91 4.54 3.27 2.92 9.65 20.76 21.45

Part time ................................................................ – 9.83 11.69 32.73 23.77 41.05 3.50 40.63 27.14 147.31

Union ..................................................................... 5.71 4.77 2.50 3.44 6.13 9.61 18.59 16.72 27.97 83.96

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.39 1.52 1.15 2.73 4.72 3.85 7.98 5.67 17.81 29.70

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 8.01 5.42 5.14 18.45 25.87 24.70 11.75 45.02 59.77 86.73

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 12.85 6.15 5.93 38.37 42.52 35.51 20.16 35.32 165.53 163.60

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5.94 3.89 1.98 3.40 12.28 4.44 11.64 13.33 44.30 19.73

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.87 2.95 2.19 3.11 5.01 8.82 7.59 12.30 25.32 16.38

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.47 2.95 2.61 3.49 5.20 6.62 8.89 9.44 20.99 17.54

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.02 4.01 3.98 4.78 8.32 9.62 15.03 15.26 33.15 57.22

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.59 2.35 2.13 2.61 8.33 12.19 7.55 12.63 18.72 18.81

Construction ...................................................... 13.62 5.99 6.66 17.66 9.99 14.49 16.27 43.58 76.83 55.82

Manufacturing .................................................... 3.15 2.16 6.81 5.13 7.52 6.79 10.20 9.85 27.19 26.45

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.64 2.39 1.27 2.92 6.30 3.17 7.44 10.31 22.41 17.84

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3.75 2.69 3.26 3.58 6.49 6.53 11.51 13.39 23.92 29.34

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5.72 1.56 2.38 4.92 5.62 20.23 14.51 19.00 53.48 53.92

Retail trade .................................................... 2.87 3.64 3.82 6.01 13.58 4.57 24.85 18.52 48.43 169.53

Transportation and warehousing ................... 8.64 6.33 5.44 7.53 7.65 43.28 10.12 24.92 48.01 94.85

Utilities ........................................................... – 1.66 8.61 11.51 7.28 10.67 15.16 14.35 133.50 119.64

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... $4.52 $1.80 $0.00 $12.77 $24.16 $43.81 $5.63 $24.65 $1.63 $19.54

Financial activities ............................................. 4.31 4.23 1.87 8.56 16.64 5.08 12.58 10.17 49.95 98.02

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.47 4.77 2.23 5.85 4.50 2.57 15.77 10.40 13.60 19.28

Credit intermediation and related activities 4.11 6.64 3.44 8.39 3.89 0.21 13.80 18.20 16.60 16.81

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 5.54 4.35 4.06 3.04 5.54 8.92 16.37 7.85 13.51 48.63

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 3.98 11.60 40.25 30.15 73.99 98.44 197.17 123.81

Professional and business services .................. 4.50 5.30 4.02 2.70 8.33 14.35 26.75 28.21 40.22 43.30

Professional and technical services .............. 3.48 6.06 9.71 9.18 22.22 12.06 24.70 30.89 44.50 21.84

Administrative and waste services ................ 8.50 16.14 5.93 4.45 23.27 21.53 51.27 38.80 96.29 108.95

Education and health services ........................... 7.01 7.23 4.59 11.96 20.76 17.73 12.05 15.99 41.18 40.41

Educational services ...................................... 0.79 5.88 5.66 14.74 20.44 17.05 9.88 26.75 82.94 39.81

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.55 6.73 7.17 11.59 8.44 4.52 8.60 9.52 43.86 148.76

Health care and social assistance ................. 9.35 9.78 5.63 14.81 22.57 17.01 15.94 27.83 31.73 91.02

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 15.71 27.64 4.86 23.44 53.21 56.30 113.69 109.44 149.28

Accommodation and food services ................ – 12.99 24.52 15.95 19.07 – 56.67 173.25 127.81 139.75

Other services ................................................... 9.70 25.59 10.13 30.86 37.71 – 22.32 99.40 98.99 52.82

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.65 3.29 2.58 7.78 13.17 5.90 6.31 11.19 33.84 91.27

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.03 2.97 2.20 7.42 9.82 14.71 8.40 10.27 33.91 61.19

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.70 3.32 2.69 11.97 16.21 13.35 21.92 15.54 39.61 98.33

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.99 1.87 0.94 2.47 6.01 5.96 6.04 9.22 29.81 25.59

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.86 2.62 1.52 1.93 5.57 5.12 7.19 12.40 30.02 15.86

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.47 3.62 1.51 3.21 11.55 5.32 7.68 8.73 10.10 28.20

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.07 4.02 3.62 4.64 12.95 7.18 7.57 17.15 23.02 49.32

New England ..................................................... 4.85 6.69 5.36 13.01 28.23 18.38 20.15 13.27 44.00 63.99

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.68 5.17 3.78 6.52 11.15 13.44 7.26 21.92 23.31 102.36

South ..................................................................... 3.12 2.72 1.65 1.78 12.37 3.70 12.01 17.25 31.06 27.85

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.94 2.71 1.85 5.59 18.99 5.29 5.96 20.43 32.93 67.23

East South Central ............................................ 5.97 16.31 7.10 5.57 11.31 28.96 6.11 10.92 13.22 73.29

West South Central ........................................... 6.81 4.36 5.91 5.87 29.17 23.17 19.54 31.25 52.81 67.66

Midwest ................................................................. 4.19 1.47 3.41 1.68 7.84 11.06 9.03 13.44 37.10 36.09

East North Central ............................................. 3.33 3.44 3.74 2.01 10.26 12.44 8.18 15.24 42.43 39.25

West North Central ............................................ 7.31 2.74 4.49 6.42 14.67 6.75 27.36 17.22 52.05 100.84

West ...................................................................... 9.83 5.28 2.90 5.72 4.97 10.08 9.23 15.30 42.21 62.41

Mountain ............................................................ 3.79 6.93 1.96 7.22 11.15 22.23 14.41 22.33 97.10 91.27

Pacific ................................................................ – 8.51 5.06 6.86 5.13 9.65 17.13 16.55 42.18 75.65

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 55 54 98 41 40 98 33 32 97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 76 75 99 54 54 99 58 56 98

Management, business, and financial ............... 84 83 99 66 65 98 65 63 97

Professional and related .................................... 71 70 99 48 48 100 54 53 98

Service ................................................................... 28 27 94 23 22 97 11 10 97

Protective service .............................................. 50 48 95 32 32 98 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 54 52 98 41 39 96 32 31 95

Sales and related ............................................... 42 40 96 33 31 93 20 18 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 61 98 46 45 98 41 39 96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 54 52 97 36 35 98 25 24 96

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 45 44 97 29 29 98 15 15 97

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 62 60 98 42 41 98 33 31 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 62 60 97 46 44 96 30 29 96

Production ......................................................... 67 66 98 50 49 98 32 32 98

Transportation and material moving .................. 56 54 95 42 39 94 28 26 94

Full time ................................................................. 71 70 98 50 49 98 44 43 97

Part time ................................................................ 12 11 89 15 14 94 4 4 96

Union ..................................................................... 84 80 96 69 65 95 39 38 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 53 51 98 38 37 98 33 32 97

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 22 20 92 17 16 94 6 6 93

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 14 12 87 12 11 93 4 4 90

Second 25 percent ............................................ 57 55 97 41 39 97 29 28 96

Third 25 percent ................................................ 71 70 98 51 50 98 44 43 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 83 82 99 62 62 99 62 61 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 85 99 67 66 99 68 66 97

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 70 68 98 52 51 98 37 36 98

Construction ...................................................... 42 40 95 27 26 98 16 15 96

Manufacturing .................................................... 82 80 98 63 62 98 46 44 98

Service-providing industries .................................. 53 51 98 39 38 97 33 32 97

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 54 52 96 41 38 94 25 23 94

Wholesale trade ............................................. 70 70 99 52 51 98 45 44 97

Retail trade .................................................... 40 38 95 31 28 91 11 10 89

Transportation and warehousing ................... 73 69 96 56 53 94 38 36 94

Utilities ........................................................... 95 95 100 44 44 100 84 83 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 88 87 99 81 80 100 74 73 99

Financial activities ............................................. 82 81 99 63 62 99 65 63 96

Finance and insurance .................................. 90 90 99 71 70 99 76 74 96

Credit intermediation and related activities 93 92 100 71 70 99 82 78 95

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 86 86 99 68 67 100 71 70 98

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 54 52 97 37 36 97 30 29 95

Professional and business services .................. 53 52 98 42 41 98 37 36 97

Professional and technical services .............. 67 66 98 57 57 100 53 53 99

Administrative and waste services ................ 31 30 96 22 21 98 14 13 92

Education and health services ........................... 62 62 99 36 36 99 44 44 98

Educational services ...................................... 66 66 99 43 43 99 60 59 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 87 87 99 49 49 99 83 80 96

Health care and social assistance ................. 61 61 99 35 34 99 42 41 98

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 21 19 92 19 19 98 5 5 94

Accommodation and food services ................ 19 17 91 18 18 97 3 3 91

Other services ................................................... 34 32 95 27 27 99 19 18 94

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 39 97 30 29 98 23 22 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 35 98 28 27 98 21 20 97

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 54 52 97 37 36 97 29 29 98

100 workers or more .............................................. 74 72 98 54 52 97 46 44 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 66 64 97 48 46 97 37 36 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 84 99 64 62 98 60 58 96

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 56 55 98 66 65 99 36 35 97

New England ..................................................... 57 56 98 42 41 97 37 36 98

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 56 55 99 74 73 99 36 34 97

South ..................................................................... 58 56 97 36 35 96 34 32 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 57 56 98 38 37 96 34 33 96

East South Central ............................................ 55 53 96 35 33 94 35 33 95

West South Central ........................................... 60 57 96 33 32 97 31 30 96

Midwest ................................................................. 58 57 98 41 40 97 36 35 98

East North Central ............................................. 58 57 98 44 42 97 36 35 98

West North Central ............................................ 59 57 98 36 35 97 34 34 97

West ...................................................................... 48 47 98 27 26 98 29 28 97

Mountain ............................................................ 52 51 98 30 30 98 31 30 97

Pacific ................................................................ 47 46 98 25 25 99 27 27 97

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2017

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.5 0.2 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.8 0.2 1.9 2.0 0.9 1.7 1.7 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.8 0.2 2.0 2.0 0.1 2.1 2.1 0.3

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 4.3 4.0 2.0 6.7 6.5 1.1 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.6 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.8 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.3 3.3 1.2 2.6 2.6 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 2.0 0.5 2.1 2.1 0.8 1.9 1.9 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.6 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.6

Production ......................................................... 2.6 2.6 0.7 1.9 1.9 0.4 2.0 1.9 0.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.9 0.7 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.5 0.7 2.1 2.1 1.0 2.5 2.5 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.2 3.5 1.2 1.1 1.9 0.9 0.8 4.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.4 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.3 1.4 0.3 1.1 1.2 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.1 0.4 2.5 2.5 0.9 2.4 2.4 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.5 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.5

Construction ...................................................... 2.2 1.9 1.1 2.7 2.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.4 1.5 0.3 1.7 1.6 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 1.0 0.4 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.1 2.1 0.4 2.9 2.8 0.4 2.6 2.5 0.8

Retail trade .................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.1 4.1 1.1 4.0 4.0 1.9 4.2 4.1 1.5

Utilities ........................................................... 2.3 2.3 0.0 5.7 5.6 0.3 6.0 5.5 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 2.4 2.4 0.3 2.9 2.9 0.2 3.6 3.6 0.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.4 1.3 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.3 1.5 1.4 0.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.7 0.8 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.2 1.5 1.2 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.7 0.8 0.2 2.4 2.4 0.3 1.7 1.5 1.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.8 1.8 0.3 2.7 2.7 0.1 1.9 1.9 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.0 4.8 1.0 5.0 4.9 1.7 3.8 3.7 2.5

Professional and business services .................. 2.2 2.3 0.6 2.4 2.4 0.8 1.9 2.1 1.4

Professional and technical services .............. 3.9 4.0 0.8 3.6 3.6 0.2 3.7 3.7 0.3

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.4 2.5 0.9 3.6 3.5 1.4 2.2 1.6 5.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.6 2.5 0.2 2.0 2.0 0.2 2.8 2.7 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 3.2 0.2 4.1 4.1 0.2 3.6 3.6 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.2 0.3 2.8 2.8 0.3 2.4 2.3 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9 0.2 2.4 2.4 0.3 3.3 3.2 0.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.0 1.7 2.9 2.2 2.3 1.3 1.0 0.9 4.7

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.2 1.8 3.7 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.1 1.0 8.3

Other services ................................................... 3.2 3.2 1.4 3.2 3.1 1.4 2.9 2.8 2.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 2.4 0.8 2.0 2.0 0.6 2.0 1.9 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.5 1.5 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.8 1.6 0.6 2.0 1.9 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.5 0.5 1.8 1.9 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.3 2.5 0.8 3.0 3.0 1.0 3.6 3.6 0.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.8 0.6 2.1 2.2 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.3 1.4 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.7 2.0 2.1 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 1.8 2.5 2.0 3.6 3.9 2.7 3.9 5.2 4.1

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 3.1 1.0 4.0 3.8 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.7 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.4 1.4 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.7 0.4 1.5 1.6 0.9 1.7 1.7 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 4.6 4.1 0.9 3.7 3.6 0.5 2.5 2.5 0.6

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.3 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.8 1.7 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 2.2 0.2 2.1 2.1 0.3 3.2 3.0 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.5 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.3 2.1 2.0 0.6

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 4 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 97

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97

Professional and related .................................... 3 97

Service ................................................................... 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 95

Sales and related ............................................... 9 91

Office and administrative support ...................... 3 97

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 4 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 5 95

Full time ................................................................. 4 96

Part time ................................................................ 4 96

Union ..................................................................... 1 99

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 95

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 8 92

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 95

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 97

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 7 93

Service-providing industries .................................. 4 96

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 6 94

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5 95

Retail trade .................................................... 9 91

Financial activities ............................................. 3 97

Finance and insurance .................................. 3 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 2 98

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3 97

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 7 93

Professional and business services .................. 4 96

Professional and technical services .............. 2 98

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Education and health services ........................... 2 98

Educational services ...................................... 2 98

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2 98

Health care and social assistance ................. 2 98

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 93

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 93

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 94

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 96

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 98

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4 96

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4 96

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 94

East South Central ............................................ 7 93

West South Central ........................................... 4 96

Midwest ................................................................. 3 97

East North Central ............................................. 3 97

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 1.1 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.8 0.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.2 2.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 1.3 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.2 1.2

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.3

Financial activities ............................................. 0.5 0.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.6 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.9 0.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.1 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.9 2.9

Professional and business services .................. 1.3 1.3

Professional and technical services .............. 0.7 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.7 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.2 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 0.8

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 0.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry workers, 

March 2017

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 62 2 34 2 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 72 1 25 1 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 75 2 22 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 70 1 27 1 1 ( )

Service ................................................................... 52 – 45 2 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 64 3 31 1 1

Sales and related ............................................... 60 4 33 2 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 66 2 30 – –

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 22 1 ( ) 75 3 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 53 1 42 3 1

Transportation and material moving .................. 54 2 41 – –

Full time ................................................................. 62 2 34 2 1

Part time ................................................................ 49 – 44 5 –

Union ..................................................................... 45 1 46 7 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 64 2 33 1 1 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 46 1 50 2 1 ( )

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 42 – 52 4 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 58 2 39 1 1 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 60 1 36 2 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 71 2 25 1 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 75 3 20 1 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 22 – 75 2 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 64 2 32 1 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 56 3 37 3 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 55 4 36 4 2

Retail trade .................................................... 52 4 38 4 1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 61 – 38 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 78 4 18 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 79 – 19 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 82 – 16 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 83 – 15 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 82 1 16 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 61 – 39 – –

Professional and business services .................. 64 3 33 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 62 – 35 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

Education and health services ........................... 67 – 30 2 –

Educational services ...................................... 63 – 34 1 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 71 – 25 2 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 68 – 29 2 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 46 – 54 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 42 – 58 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 50 1 47 2 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 50 1 47 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 50 – 46 2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 69 2 26 2 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 62 3 32 2 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 78 1 19 2 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 69 – 26 2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 68 – 27 3 –

South ..................................................................... 63 2 34 1 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 2 29 1 1

East South Central ............................................ 55 – 37 – –

West South Central ........................................... 59 – 39 1 –

Midwest ................................................................. 58 1 38 3 1

East North Central ............................................. 57 – 39 2 –

West ...................................................................... 57 2 40 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 59 2 39 – 1 ( )

Pacific ................................................................ 56 – 40 2 –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.4 1.6 0.3 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.4 0.3 2.2 0.4 0.2

Service ................................................................... 3.0 – 2.9 0.5 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 0.6 1.4 0.2 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 1.9 2.1 0.4 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 0.4 1.8 – –

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... 3.1 0.2 3.4 1.0 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 0.3 2.1 0.6 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 0.5 2.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 3.9 – 4.1 1.0 –

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 0.3 2.2 0.9 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.2 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.2 0.3 2.3 0.4 0.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.2 – 4.0 1.1 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.4 1.6 0.3 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 0.9 2.2 0.3 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 3.1 – 3.1 0.7 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.7 0.4 1.7 0.5 0.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 0.6 2.1 0.9 0.7

Retail trade .................................................... 2.1 0.8 1.8 0.9 0.5

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.5 – 4.8 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 3.9 1.8 3.4 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 – 2.1 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.8 – 1.6 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 – 1.8 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.0 0.4 1.9 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.5 – 6.6 – –

Professional and business services .................. 3.6 1.2 3.4 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 4.8 – 4.8 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

Education and health services ........................... 3.3 – 3.0 0.6 –

Educational services ...................................... 3.1 – 2.9 0.4 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 – 3.1 0.7 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.7 – 3.4 0.7 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.5 – 4.5 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.4 – 5.4 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.0 0.4 2.0 0.3 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 0.2 2.1 0.4 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 – 3.4 0.6 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.3 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 0.5 2.0 0.5 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.4 1.2 0.3 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 – 2.2 0.6 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.8 – 2.7 0.7 –

South ..................................................................... 1.8 0.6 1.7 0.3 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.4 0.3 2.1 0.4 0.2

East South Central ............................................ 2.0 – 3.4 – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 – 3.4 0.2 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 0.2 2.3 0.5 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.0 – 3.2 0.4 –

West ...................................................................... 3.2 0.5 3.3 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 5.0 0.8 5.2 – 0.1

Pacific ................................................................ 4.3 – 4.3 0.8 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, private industry

workers, March 2017

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 1 63 9 23 5 1.4 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 ( ) 61 8 25 6 1.4 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 ( ) 57 8 27 7 1.4 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 2 ( ) 63 8 23 5 1.4 1.0

Service ................................................................... – 74 6 18 – 1.2 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 ( ) 63 10 22 5 1.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 67 11 20 – 1.3 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 2 ( ) 62 9 23 6 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... – 65 – – 2 1.3 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 61 11 24 – 1.4 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 68 14 15 – 1.2 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 62 9 23 5 1.4 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 74 4 20 – 1.3 1.0

Union ..................................................................... – 70 4 21 – 1.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 62 9 24 4 1.4 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 72 7 19 – 1.3 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 72 6 – – 1.3 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 69 8 18 4 1.3 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 59 11 24 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 60 8 27 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 ( ) 58 7 29 6 1.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... – 74 – – – 1.2 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 65 9 21 4 1.3 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 66 12 19 – 1.3 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 46 27 25 – 1.4 1.5

Retail trade .................................................... – 78 5 16 – 1.2 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 66 11 17 – 1.3 1.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 61 – 28 7 1.4 1.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 63 7 25 – 1.4 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 62 6 26 – 1.4 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 63 6 24 7 1.4 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 61 6 30 – 1.4 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 70 – – – 1.3 1.0

Professional and business services .................. – 57 9 26 8 1.5 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 52 – 25 13 1.6 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

Education and health services ........................... – 73 8 15 – 1.2 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 4 56 11 23 5 1.4 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6 50 15 23 6 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 76 8 14 – 1.2 1.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 80 – – – 1.2 1.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 94 – – – 1.0 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 62 10 23 4 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1 62 9 24 4 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 61 12 22 – 1.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 2 ( ) 63 8 23 5 1.4 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 62 8 24 – 1.4 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 65 9 23 3 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1 60 12 24 3 1.4 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1 59 10 27 3 1.4 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1 64 8 23 5 1.4 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 64 7 22 5 1.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 65 – 20 – 1.4 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – 64 7 26 – 1.4 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 62 8 25 – 1.4 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 62 10 24 5 1.4 1.0

West ...................................................................... – 64 9 21 – 1.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 71 – 16 2 1.3 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 60 7 24 – 1.4 1.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.1 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.1 2.5 1.1 2.0 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 2.0 1.1 1.7 1.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 4.1 1.4 3.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.1 1.7 1.1 1.5 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 3.2 2.0 3.2 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.1 1.9 1.1 1.3 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... – 8.9 – – 0.9 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 1.9 1.4 1.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.6 2.1 1.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 5.4 1.3 5.2 – 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 3.9 1.3 2.9 – 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.1 1.2 0.7 1.0 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 4.3 1.7 4.0 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 10.3 2.1 – – 0.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 1.7 1.3 1.4 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.7 0.8 1.5 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.1 2.3 1.1 2.1 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... – 7.9 – – – 0.1 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 1.4 0.7 1.1 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 1.8 1.7 1.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 4.0 4.2 4.5 – 2 ( ) 0.3

Retail trade .................................................... – 1.7 1.1 1.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 4.2 2.7 3.0 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 5.7 – 4.8 1.8 0.1 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 1.8 1.0 1.8 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 1.5 1.1 1.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 2.6 1.7 2.1 1.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 2.8 1.7 2.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 6.8 – – – 0.1 0.0

Professional and business services .................. – 4.1 2.3 3.1 2.0 0.1 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 5.2 – 3.9 3.6 0.1 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

Education and health services ........................... – 2.8 1.2 2.3 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 3.6 1.9 2.6 1.3 0.1 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.4 3.8 2.7 3.4 1.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.2 1.4 2.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 6.3 – – – 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 3.7 – – – 2 ( ) 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.2 2.1 1.4 1.8 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.2 2.8 1.6 2.1 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.9 2.5 2.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.9 0.8 1.5 – 2 ( ) 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.1 2.0 1.3 1.9 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.1 3.1 1.1 3.1 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.2 4.3 1.1 4.1 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.2 1.8 1.0 1.3 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.4 2.7 1.3 1.6 1.6 2 ( ) 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 5.0 – 2.9 – 0.1 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 2.5 1.8 2.8 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 2.0 1.1 1.8 – 2 ( ) 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.5 1.4 2.2 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 2.8 2.0 2.2 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 5.1 – 2.5 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 2.9 2.2 3.1 – 0.1 0.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 80 $50,000 $70,000 $250,000 $600,000 $1,000,000 20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 – 19

Management, business, and financial ............... 82 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 2,000,000 18

Professional and related .................................... 81 50,000 100,000 350,000 1,000,000 – 19

Service ................................................................... 83 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 17

Sales and office ..................................................... 84 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 16

Sales and related ............................................... 85 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 15

Office and administrative support ...................... 83 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 69 50,000 70,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 31

Transportation and material moving .................. 71 50,000 – 100,000 300,000 – 29

Full time ................................................................. 80 50,000 70,000 250,000 600,000 1,000,000 20

Part time ................................................................ 68 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 32

Union ..................................................................... 68 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 32

Nonunion ............................................................... 81 50,000 – 250,000 600,000 1,000,000 19

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 50,000 50,000 300,000 500,000 1,000,000 23

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 90 50,000 – – – – 10

Second 25 percent ............................................ 81 50,000 50,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 79 50,000 100,000 375,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 80 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 76 50,000 50,000 – – – 24

Service-providing industries .................................. 82 50,000 – 250,000 – 1,000,000 18

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 76 50,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

Wholesale trade ............................................. 85 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 15

Retail trade .................................................... 74 50,000 50,000 50,000 500,000 – 26

Transportation and warehousing ................... 74 50,000 – 100,000 300,000 500,000 26

Utilities ........................................................... 66 50,000 – – – 1,000,000 34

Financial activities ............................................. 85 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 2,000,000 15

Finance and insurance .................................. 83 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 17

Credit intermediation and related activities 89 50,000 100,000 300,000 700,000 2,000,000 11

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 71 100,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 29

Professional and business services .................. 88 50,000 – – – –12

Professional and technical services .............. 89 50,000 – – 750,000 1,000,000 11

Education and health services ........................... 82 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 18

Educational services ...................................... 88 50,000 50,000 200,000 – 500,000 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 500,000 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 82 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 18

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 86 – – – – 1,000,000 14

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 81 $50,000 $50,000 $200,000 $500,000 $1,000,000 19

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 85 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 25

100 workers or more .............................................. 79 50,000 90,000 300,000 750,000 – 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 78 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 22

500 workers or more .......................................... 80 50,000 100,000 400,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 20

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 79 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 22

South ..................................................................... 81 50,000 – 250,000 – – 19

South Atlantic .................................................... 82 50,000 – 300,000 – 2,000,000 18

East South Central ............................................ 78 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 22

West South Central ........................................... 80 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 20

Midwest ................................................................. 80 50,000 70,000 250,000 500,000 – 20

East North Central ............................................. 82 50,000 100,000 250,000 700,000 – 18

West ...................................................................... 79 50,000 – 250,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 21

Mountain ............................................................ 81 50,000 – – 1,000,000 1,000,000 19

Pacific ................................................................ 77 50,000 – 200,000 – – 23

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 $0.00 $15,430.33 $16,090.60 $134,870.77 $98,270.04 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.00 0.00 – 256,289.39 – 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.00 15,430.33 84,613.83 202,177.52 397,712.21 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 85,119.02 117,556.37 – 1.4

Service ................................................................... 3.2 6,451.74 12,035.57 – 9,124.14 0.00 3.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.00 912.41 13,190.62 0.00 81,608.82 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 36,496.58 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.00 – 42,999.80 52,414.22 205,850.07 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.9 0.00 13,222.14 – 0.00 0.00 2.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 4.2 0.00 – 0.00 86,077.00 – 4.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.00 15,697.77 16,372.69 134,407.03 189,202.27 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.6 0.00 – – 83,124.91 268,659.17 3.6

Union ..................................................................... 3.6 0.00 – – 67,048.49 236,524.84 3.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.00 – 9,124.14 130,637.86 138,974.82 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 0.00 10,282.39 87,734.23 0.00 36,496.58 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.8 0.00 – – – – 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.00 0.00 13,807.34 0.00 0.00 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.00 – 26,943.27 0.00 0.00 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.00 0.00 76,886.82 53,202.44 258,069.76 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 0.00 13,347.47 76,021.15 0.00 258,069.76 2.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 6.9 0.00 0.00 – – – 6.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.00 – 21,878.93 – 297,060.60 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.7 0.00 0.00 15,803.48 104,031.25 0.00 1.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.9 0.00 – 34,175.98 31,606.96 0.00 2.9

Retail trade .................................................... 2.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,500.00 – 2.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.9 0.00 – 0.00 68,278.84 84,490.75 5.9

Utilities ........................................................... 7.0 0.00 – – – 0.00 7.0

Financial activities ............................................. 1.2 0.00 0.00 0.00 171,912.04 0.00 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 213,200.61 0.00 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.2 0.00 0.00 65,153.03 126,756.66 0.00 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.9 8,160.88 59,025.52 0.00 0.00 598,310.12 2.9

Professional and business services .................. 2.5 0.00 – – – – 2.5

Professional and technical services .............. 3.0 0.00 – – 199,065.32 0.00 3.0

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 0.00 24,294.91 59,831.01 0.00 0.00 2.1

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 0.00 9,124.14 58,423.03 – 9,124.14 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 0.00 0.00 32,438.87 31,606.96 73,277.73 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.4 0.00 16,624.98 69,487.41 105,422.36 0.00 2.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.9 – – – – 51,613.95 3.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 $0.00 $5,983.10 $54,256.06 $0.00 $0.00 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 0.00 9,569.48 – 0.00 0.00 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.8 0.00 – 53,397.68 0.00 0.00 3.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.00 23,404.81 27,081.96 51,613.95 – 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.00 – 31,816.98 18,248.29 – 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 116,578.57 0.00 348,035.56 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 0.00 – 57,162.60 0.00 0.00 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 0.00 – 35,630.92 31,934.50 0.00 1.9

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.00 – 33,524.24 – – 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 0.00 – 37,619.81 – 353,376.57 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.2 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 3.2

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 0.00 – 52,414.22 0.00 273,724.31 3.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 0.00 15,908.49 40,517.77 82,117.29 – 2.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 0.00 28,953.89 60,240.08 170,208.70 – 2.6

West ...................................................................... 2.8 0.00 – 41,401.90 184,072.68 309,952.42 2.8

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 3.5

Pacific ................................................................ 3.9 0.00 – 36,621.82 – – 3.9

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 private industry

workers, March 2017

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $35,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Management, business, and financial ............... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Service ................................................................... 5,000 10,000 – 20,000 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 40,000 50,000

Sales and related ............................................... – 10,000 – 25,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... – 10,000 20,000 25,000 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 45,000

Transportation and material moving .................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 35,000 45,000

Full time ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ 5,000 5,000 – – 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 – 35,000 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 – – 15,000 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 15,000 – 50,000 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 10,000 10,000 – – 50,000

Service-providing industries .................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Wholesale trade ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Retail trade .................................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 10,000 15,000 – 40,000 50,000

Utilities ........................................................... 10,000 12,500 – 50,000 50,000

Financial activities ............................................. 15,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 –

Finance and insurance .................................. 15,000 25,000 45,000 50,000 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – 20,000 25,000 50,000 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 15,000 25,000 50,000 – 100,000

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 15,000 – – 50,000

Professional and business services .................. 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and technical services .............. – – – 50,000 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Education and health services ........................... $10,000 – $25,000 $50,000 $50,000

Educational services ...................................... 10,000 $15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10,000 10,000 – 50,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. 10,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 5,000 – – 15,000 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 5,000 – – 15,000 20,000

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10,000 – 20,000 40,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... – 10,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 10,000 20,000 50,000 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 10,000 10,000 – 50,000 –

South ..................................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 10,000 – – 25,000 50,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

West ...................................................................... – 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $1,858.73 $0.00 $7,082.83 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,824.83 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 0.00 0.00 912.41 0.00 2,737.24

Service ................................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 3,871.05 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 11,896.43 0.00

Sales and related ............................................... – 0.00 – 4,279.60 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.00 2,106.47 5,474.49 3,160.70 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

 Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and 

 forestry ............................................................... – 584.23 3,433.39 0.00 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.00 948.21 0.00 2,322.63 8,043.75

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.00 2,644.43 0.00 7,517.32 8,751.57

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 3,795.03 0.00 7,177.98 0.00

Part time ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 4,706.68 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 456.21 0.00 – 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 1,672.48 0.00 2,580.70

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 – – 4,375.79 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 – 0.00 258.07 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,969.87 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 364.97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 912.41 – 0.00 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 2,015.59 0.00 – – 0.00

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.00 1,377.72 0.00 8,140.45 0.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.00 1,499.25 0.00 0.00 0.00

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.00 0.00 912.41 0.00 912.41

Retail trade .................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.00 4,398.56 – 5,698.03 4,181.21

Utilities ........................................................... 0.00 1,766.88 – 0.00 0.00

Financial activities ............................................. 774.21 2,414.02 1,824.83 0.00 –

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.00 3,871.05 12,675.67 0.00 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – 2,414.02 4,913.50 0.00 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.00 0.00 9,124.14 – 0.00

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 0.00 – – 8,160.88

Professional and business services .................. 0.00 3,871.05 4,469.90 0.00 0.00

Professional and technical services .............. – – – 0.00 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Education and health services ........................... $0.00 – $4,375.79 $0.00 $0.00

Educational services ...................................... 0.00 $2,580.70 3,866.74 3,160.70 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.00 – 5,842.30 1,277.38 0.00

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.00 – – 4,279.60 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.00 – – 0.00 3,289.76

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 8,893.12 0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1,824.83 – 0.00 9,612.88 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,160.70 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.00 1,982.27 0.00 2,948.10 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... – 0.00 1,290.35 7,230.56 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 0.00 3,413.94 0.00 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1,824.83 1,580.35 – 0.00 –

South ..................................................................... 0.00 – 2,293.77 – 0.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.00 1,040.31 3,042.60 6,174.83 0.00

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 1,290.35 0.00 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 – – 3,977.12 3,160.70

Midwest ................................................................. 0.00 2,656.99 0.00 2,521.96 0.00

East North Central ............................................. 0.00 3,944.54 0.00 – 0.00

West ...................................................................... – 516.14 0.00 – 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 – 4,997.50 – 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ 182.48 364.97 0.00 11,893.63 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, private industry

workers, March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 44 40 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 48 40 12 2 ( )

Management, business, and financial ............... 51 38 – –

Professional and related .................................... 46 41 13 2 ( )

Service ................................................................... – 40 33 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 47 36 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 50 33 16 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 37 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 – 16 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 43 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 44 45 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 38 45 – –

Full time ................................................................. 46 41 – –

Part time ................................................................ – 28 45 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 45 39 16 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 31 33 35 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 29 43 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 41 43 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 42 12 2 ( )

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 49 38 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 52 37 11 2 ( )

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 43 38 18 2 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 44 37 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 35 48 17 –

Retail trade .................................................... 52 27 21 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 41 41 – –

Information ......................................................... 67 28 5 –

Financial activities ............................................. 66 27 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 73 23 4 –

Credit intermediation and related activities 76 21 3 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 71 24 5 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 25 49 – –

Professional and business services .................. 41 38 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 38 40 – –

Education and health services ........................... 31 53 – –

Educational services ...................................... 41 38 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 59 28 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 32 32 35 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 37 27 36 –

Other services ................................................... 25 44 31 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 42 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 34 38 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 30 50 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 51 39 10 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 48 43 9 2 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 56 34 10 2 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 25 27 47 2 ( )

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 21 23 56 2 ( )

South ..................................................................... 53 47 – 2 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 51 49 – 2 ( )

East South Central ............................................ 55 45 – –

West South Central ........................................... 56 43 – –

West ...................................................................... 41 48 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 39 61 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 43 40 – –

1 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data

did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding,

private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.3 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 2.1 1.1 0.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.9 2.2 – –

Professional and related .................................... 2.5 3.0 2.0 0.1

Service ................................................................... – 4.3 3.1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 2.2 2.0 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 2.3 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.7 – 2.3 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.9 2.7 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.7 2.5 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 4.0 3.7 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.3 – –

Part time ................................................................ – 3.2 3.0 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.3 0.7 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.7 3.2 3.0 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.5 3.9 5.8 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 2.2 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 2.1 1.4 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.7 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.7 2.7 1.3 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.5 1.0 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.7 1.7 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.1 3.1 1.8 –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.1 2.4 1.9 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6.2 5.6 – –

Information ......................................................... 3.9 3.6 1.1 –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 2.0 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 1.6 0.3 –

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.1 2.0 1.0 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.5 3.0 0.9 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.4 7.6 – –

Professional and business services .................. 3.8 3.6 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 5.1 4.0 – –

Education and health services ........................... 3.5 4.6 – –

Educational services ...................................... 5.6 5.3 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 3.0 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.4 5.8 5.0 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.4 5.9 6.2 –

Other services ................................................... 5.1 6.0 4.9 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding,

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 2.4 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 2.7 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.1 3.9 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.6 1.7 0.5 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.2 2.2 1.0 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.3 2.5 1.0 0.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 2.5 1.9 0.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 2.8 2.2 0.1

South ..................................................................... 2.6 2.6 – 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.6 3.7 – 0.1

East South Central ............................................ 8.3 8.3 – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 3.4 – –

West ...................................................................... 3.3 2.7 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 4.0 4.0 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 4.7 3.3 – –

1 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 16 84

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 12 88

Management, business, and financial ............... 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Service ................................................................... 33 67

Sales and office ..................................................... 17 83

Sales and related ............................................... 19 81

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 84

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 84

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 13 87

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 87

Transportation and material moving .................. 18 82

Full time ................................................................. 13 87

Part time ................................................................ 41 59

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 84

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 36 64

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 41 59

Second 25 percent ............................................ 17 83

Third 25 percent ................................................ 13 87

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 11 89

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 88

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 18 82

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 21 79

Wholesale trade ............................................. 21 79

Retail trade .................................................... 23 77

Transportation and warehousing ................... 17 83

Information ......................................................... 6 94

Financial activities ............................................. 7 93

Finance and insurance .................................. 5 95

Credit intermediation and related activities 3 97

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 6 94

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 24 76

Professional and business services .................. 19 81

Professional and technical services .............. 16 84

Education and health services ........................... 15 85

Educational services ...................................... 9 91

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6 94

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 35 65

Accommodation and food services ................ 35 65

Other services ................................................... 22 78

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 22 78

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 23 77

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 20 80

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 87

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 89

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 39 61

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 45 55

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 94

East South Central ............................................ 4 96

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

West ...................................................................... 9 91

Mountain ............................................................ 3 97

Pacific ................................................................ 13 87

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.1 2.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.5

Service ................................................................... 2.7 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.3 2.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.1 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 1.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 3.3 3.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.4 2.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.3 4.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.2 2.2

Retail trade .................................................... 2.7 2.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.3 4.3

Information ......................................................... 1.9 1.9

Financial activities ............................................. 0.8 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.6 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.6 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.0 6.0

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 2.7

Professional and technical services .............. 2.5 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 2.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.5 3.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.7 4.7

Other services ................................................... 4.4 4.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 2.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 3.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 2.2

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 0.5 0.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 1.5

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry

workers, March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 6 2 69 23 1 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 1 69 28 1 ( )

Management, business, and financial ............... – 2 59 37 –

Professional and related .................................... – 1 75 22 –

Service ................................................................... 6 – 84 7 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 1 70 26 1

Sales and related ............................................... 3 – 70 24 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2 – 70 27 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 – 59 20 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6 3 60 31 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 14 – 64 18 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 9 – 75 12 –

Full time ................................................................. 6 2 67 24 1 ( )

Part time ................................................................ – 2 88 8 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 1 71 24 1 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 – 82 10 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 83 8 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 1 73 17 1 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6 3 68 22 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 2 63 31 1 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 1 63 34 1 ( )

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 2 72 23 1 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 5 3 74 17 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4 2 75 19 –

Retail trade .................................................... 3 – 78 15 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 10 – 70 15 –

Information ......................................................... – – 31 66 –

Financial activities ............................................. – – 49 49 –

Finance and insurance .................................. 1 ( ) – 44 55 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 32 67 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 59 40 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 78 – –

Professional and business services .................. – – 75 25 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 80 20 –

Education and health services ........................... 2 – 90 7 –

Educational services ...................................... 1 – 84 14 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 77 21 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 9 – 80 7 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 – 81 8 –

Other services ................................................... – – 81 7 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 76 17 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 2 76 18 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 – 75 15 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 2 65 26 1 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 – 67 24 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 5 3 62 29 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3 – 82 15 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2 – 85 13 –

South ..................................................................... 6 3 61 30 1 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 4 62 27 1

East South Central ............................................ – 3 65 24 –

West South Central ........................................... 5 – 57 36 –

West ...................................................................... 4 2 69 24 2

Mountain ............................................................ 4 – 74 21 –

Pacific ................................................................ 4 2 65 26 2

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.9 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.3 1.7 1.6 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... – 0.6 2.6 2.4 –

Professional and related .................................... – 0.4 1.7 1.7 –

Service ................................................................... 1.4 – 3.4 1.4 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.2 1.4 1.3 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 – 2.2 2.3 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 – 1.6 1.5 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 – 2.9 2.5 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 0.5 4.1 3.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 – 2.0 2.1 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 – 2.3 2.5 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – 0.8 1.5 1.6 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 – 3.4 1.4 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 3.3 2.4 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.1 1.8 1.7 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.4 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.7 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.3 2.3 2.3 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.3 0.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.9 0.8 2.6 2.1 –

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 – 1.7 1.3 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.8 – 3.2 4.0 –

Information ......................................................... – – 3.4 3.5 –

Financial activities ............................................. – – 2.4 2.6 –

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.1 – 2.3 2.4 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 2.8 2.9 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 2.9 3.0 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 5.4 – –

Professional and business services .................. – – 3.5 3.5 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 3.4 3.4 –

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 – 2.0 1.6 –

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 – 2.9 2.5 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.1 2.1 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.3 – 5.9 2.3 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.4 – 5.3 2.8 –

Other services ................................................... – – 6.9 2.9 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.6 1.2 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.5 1.8 1.3 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 – 3.3 2.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.3 1.4 1.3 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 – 1.9 1.9 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.6 2.0 2.1 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 – 1.9 1.8 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 – 2.2 2.1 –

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.7 2.1 1.7 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 1.1 3.2 2.8 0.1

East South Central ............................................ – 0.9 4.8 2.5 –

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 – 2.7 2.1 –

West ...................................................................... 1.1 0.3 2.3 2.0 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 – 2.4 1.6 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 0.5 3.6 3.1 0.4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 93 12 22 26 26 26 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 94 12 20 26 26 26 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 12 20 26 26 26 5

Professional and related .................................... 93 12 20 26 26 26 7

Service ................................................................... 98 12 – 26 26 26 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 92 12 21 26 26 26 8

Sales and related ............................................... 89 12 – 26 26 26 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 94 13 24 26 26 26 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 93 13 26 26 26 – 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 90 13 26 26 26 52 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 13 25 26 26 26 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 13 25 26 26 26 6

Full time ................................................................. 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Part time ................................................................ 98 13 26 26 26 26 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 95 12 21 26 26 26 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 95 12 – 26 26 – 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 95 13 24 26 26 26 5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 12 20 26 26 26 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 12 24 26 26 26 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 12 25 26 26 26 8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 94 12 21 26 26 26 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 91 13 24 26 26 26 9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 92 12 24 26 26 26 8

Retail trade .................................................... 89 12 21 26 26 26 11

Information ......................................................... 89 13 26 26 26 52 11

Financial activities ............................................. 94 13 25 26 26 26 6

Finance and insurance .................................. 94 13 25 26 26 26 6

Credit intermediation and related activities 93 12 26 26 26 26 7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 96 13 24 26 26 26 4

Professional and business services .................. 93 12 18 26 26 26 7

Education and health services ........................... 97 12 – 26 26 26 3

Educational services ...................................... 93 12 25 26 26 26 7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 13 24 26 26 26 11

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 13 26 26 26 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 12 20 26 26 26 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 95 12 18 26 26 26 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 95 12 20 26 26 26 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 92 12 24 26 26 26 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 13 25 26 26 26 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 – 26 26 26 26 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 95 25 26 26 26 26 5

South ..................................................................... 91 12 16 26 26 26 9

South Atlantic .................................................... 92 12 16 26 26 26 8

West South Central ........................................... 92 12 – 26 26 26 8

West ...................................................................... 95 12 – 26 26 26 5

Mountain ............................................................ 95 11 13 22 26 26 5

Pacific ................................................................ 95 13 26 26 26 26 5

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, private industry workers, 

March 2017

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 1.4 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 – 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 7.8 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 0.6 – 0.0 0.0 – 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 0.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 1.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 0.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9

Information ......................................................... 2.3 1.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3

Financial activities ............................................. 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.5 0.0 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

Professional and business services .................. 2.3 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 1.3 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 0.4 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.3 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1 23 1 41 21 13 62.3 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 15 – 42 24 18 64.8 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 12 – 40 27 20 65.7 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 16 – 44 23 17 64.3 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 33 – 36 19 7 59.0 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 28 1 39 20 12 61.4 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 37 – 34 14 14 61.2 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 24 1 41 22 11 61.4 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 32 – 34 22 11 60.5 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 22 – 41 23 13 62.4 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3 18 1 ( ) 47 18 13 61.9 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 22 – 46 19 11 61.5 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 21 1 43 20 15 62.7 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 35 – 25 30 6 59.5 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 22 1 41 21 14 62.6 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 36 – 33 23 6 59.0 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 33 – 32 26 7 59.9 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2 27 2 42 19 9 60.2 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 20 1 ( ) 46 19 14 62.1 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 16 1 ( ) 39 24 20 65.5 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 16 – 38 22 25 67.5 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 24 1 41 21 12 62.0 60.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 30 – 37 19 12 61.3 60.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 11 – 53 25 10 63.4 60.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 46 – 28 15 10 58.5 60.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 25 – 38 20 16 63.5 60.0

Information ......................................................... – 14 – 60 – 13 62.3 60.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 20 – 37 19 24 65.5 60.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 18 – 35 20 27 66.8 60.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 28 – 35 22 15 63.0 60.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 14 – 37 21 27 66.1 60.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – – 43 – – 60.9 60.0

Professional and business services .................. – 11 – 42 31 14 65.0 60.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 13 – 39 29 18 66.2 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 21 – 49 19 10 61.2 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 34 – 26 19 21 64.2 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 24 – 36 11 29 67.8 60.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 47 – 26 17 – 56.4 58.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 50 – 24 17 – 56.3 58.0

Other services ................................................... – 37 – 22 28 6 58.7 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 23 – 37 26 12 62.6 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 24 – 33 29 12 62.4 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 18 – 48 21 12 63.1 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 2 23 1 ( ) 43 17 15 62.0 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 23 – 43 17 15 61.3 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 23 – 44 18 15 62.9 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 34 – 24 35 7 60.8 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 37 – 22 35 6 60.2 60.0

South ..................................................................... – 19 – 53 11 16 62.5 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 18 – 53 12 15 62.3 60.0

East South Central ............................................ – 20 – 48 – – 63.9 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 19 – 57 10 14 62.1 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 16 – 41 16 18 63.0 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 51 – – 62.6 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 15 – 34 19 19 63.2 60.0

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers,

 March 2017

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 1.1 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 1.3 – 2.4 2.1 1.5 0.4 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 2.0 – 2.9 3.2 2.3 0.8 1.8

Professional and related .................................... – 1.7 – 3.3 2.5 1.7 0.6 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 3.6 – 4.0 3.2 2.4 0.6 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.2 1.5 0.4 2.0 1.8 1.4 0.6 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.6 – 2.7 2.6 3.1 1.4 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 1.6 0.5 2.7 2.3 1.0 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 3.2 – 3.1 2.5 2.8 0.9 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 4.9 – 4.6 3.5 3.5 1.3 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 2.1 0.1 2.1 1.9 1.4 0.5 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.5 – 3.4 2.4 1.3 0.7 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 1.0 0.2 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 3.1 – 4.7 3.6 0.9 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.1 0.3 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 4.5 – 3.9 3.3 0.8 0.6 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 6.1 – 6.0 5.1 1.9 0.9 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.9 0.6 2.4 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.4 0.1 2.0 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 1.3 2 ( ) 2.3 2.1 1.6 0.6 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1.6 – 3.3 2.4 2.7 1.0 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 1.3 0.4 1.8 1.7 1.0 0.3 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 1.9 – 1.9 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 2.4 – 3.9 3.8 2.2 1.0 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 1.9 – 2.6 1.5 1.6 0.4 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 5.2 – 5.1 5.1 3.1 1.8 0.0

Information ......................................................... – 2.7 – 5.2 – 2.8 1.1 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 4.5 – 2.6 2.8 2.8 1.2 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 2.6 – 2.4 2.3 2.8 1.1 1.1

Credit intermediation and related activities – 4.0 – 3.5 4.7 2.4 1.2 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 2.6 – 4.0 3.8 3.7 1.0 5.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – – 8.1 – – 2.4 0.0

Professional and business services .................. – 1.5 – 4.0 4.6 3.0 1.0 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 2.0 – 4.1 4.4 3.9 1.5 3.3

Education and health services ........................... – 2.5 – 4.5 4.2 2.2 0.6 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 4.4 – 4.3 4.9 5.0 1.3 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.0 – 3.3 1.9 2.8 1.1 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 7.2 – 6.6 2.7 – 0.8 10.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 8.7 – 7.2 4.3 – 1.0 11.2

Other services ................................................... – 4.6 – 5.0 3.9 2.6 1.1 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers,

 March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.4 – 2.7 2.6 1.5 0.6 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 2.6 – 2.3 3.1 1.8 0.6 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.2 – 4.8 3.8 3.0 1.1 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 1.6 0.1 1.9 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 2.1 – 2.8 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.1 – 2.4 1.8 2.0 0.6 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.6 – 2.7 3.1 0.8 0.4 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.7 – 2.9 3.3 0.7 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 1.7 – 2.6 1.8 2.5 0.8 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.2 – 3.3 2.6 2.9 0.5 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 5.3 – 8.7 – – 4.5 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 3.1 – 4.4 1.8 3.3 1.1 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 3.8 – 3.6 3.7 2.8 0.9 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 4.5 – – 1.9 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 4.0 – 5.5 5.0 2.0 0.6 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 2 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 74 $170 $250 $604 $1,500 $2,500 26

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 170 559 1,000 2,000 2,800 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 170 559 1,000 2,000 2,500 30

Professional and related .................................... 67 170 559 – 2,000 2,889 33

Service ................................................................... 75 170 170 570 633 1,500 25

Sales and office ..................................................... 80 170 200 615 1,250 2,500 20

Sales and related ............................................... 83 170 200 500 1,250 – 17

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 170 200 633 1,385 2,500 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 170 170 500 800 – 20

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 76 170 – 560 1,000 – 24

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 73 170 350 510 1,000 1,600 27

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 170 350 500 800 1,500 23

Full time ................................................................. 72 170 300 620 1,500 2,500 28

Part time ................................................................ 85 170 170 500 615 – 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 73 170 275 620 1,500 2,500 27

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 83 170 170 500 633 – 17

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 92 170 170 – 633 – 8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 76 170 200 584 1,067 2,300 24

Third 25 percent ................................................ 71 170 350 615 1,500 2,500 29

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 70 170 500 750 1,800 2,565 30

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 170 559 1,000 2,020 3,461 34

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 75 170 200 604 1,500 2,500 25

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 81 170 200 500 750 2,308 19

Wholesale trade ............................................. 78 170 500 615 1,000 2,000 22

Retail trade .................................................... 85 170 200 200 633 – 15

Transportation and warehousing ................... 78 170 – 500 633 1,167 22

Information ......................................................... 75 170 – 2,000 2,500 – 25

Financial activities ............................................. 64 170 615 1,250 2,500 5,000 36

Finance and insurance .................................. 57 – 900 1,500 3,000 6,500 43

Credit intermediation and related activities 63 170 – 2,000 – 8,077 37

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 56 – 1,000 1,250 2,500 – 44

Professional and business services .................. 80 170 500 – 1,500 2,500 20

Professional and technical services .............. 79 170 559 1,000 1,500 2,000 21

Education and health services ........................... 65 170 – 633 1,500 2,500 35

Educational services ...................................... 69 170 170 595 – 2,000 31

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 45 170 170 – 1,500 2,000 55

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 80 170 170 – 633 1,500 20

Other services ................................................... 82 170 170 615 1,000 1,480 18

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 78 $170 – $604 $1,000 $2,000 22

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 77 170 $170 604 1,000 1,500 23

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 170 300 604 1,150 2,000 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 71 170 300 615 1,600 2,500 29

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 74 170 230 604 1,500 2,500 26

500 workers or more .......................................... 67 170 475 633 2,076 2,650 33

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 87 170 170 559 633 1,500 13

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 91 170 170 500 615 – 9

South ..................................................................... 65 200 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 35

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 200 500 1,000 1,750 3,000 32

West South Central ........................................... 62 200 500 – 2,307 2,500 38

West ...................................................................... 75 200 559 1,000 2,000 2,500 25

Mountain ............................................................ 73 – – – – 2,308 27

Pacific ................................................................ 76 200 559 – 2,000 2,500 24

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 $0.00 $44.23 $8.03 $203.03 $27.37 1.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 0.00 25.27 136.25 256.17 441.65 2.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.0 0.00 20.93 95.22 293.57 460.32 3.0

Professional and related .................................... 2.6 0.00 63.18 – 389.14 492.63 2.6

Service ................................................................... 3.8 0.00 9.48 101.58 68.63 329.23 3.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 17.22 251.64 0.00 1.9

Sales and related ............................................... 3.4 0.00 0.00 82.88 317.51 – 3.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 0.00 35.74 17.88 219.55 0.00 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.4 0.00 14.48 15.91 238.13 – 3.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4.2 0.00 – 87.14 80.78 – 4.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.4 0.00 47.08 78.61 27.37 374.76 2.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.3 0.00 65.45 5.94 227.87 0.00 3.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 0.00 41.44 16.01 3.65 0.00 1.4

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 0.00 0.00 30.10 25.02 – 2.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 0.00 48.27 17.38 45.62 0.00 1.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.8 0.00 0.00 82.09 21.59 – 2.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.9 0.00 0.00 – 74.32 – 2.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 0.00 0.00 19.07 160.50 389.10 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 0.00 53.63 21.87 82.70 33.82 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 0.00 6.91 169.07 321.67 494.90 2.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.2 0.00 69.99 95.42 383.93 871.04 3.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.6 0.00 41.89 4.24 167.43 18.25 1.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 145.27 356.24 1.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.3 0.00 22.35 16.77 171.91 170.89 3.3

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 0.00 32.32 0.00 12.19 – 1.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.1 0.00 – 0.00 153.52 314.57 5.1

Information ......................................................... 4.4 0.00 – 353.82 204.02 – 4.4

Financial activities ............................................. 2.9 0.00 44.58 229.48 85.60 892.93 2.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.6 – 262.23 185.70 0.00 1,376.00 2.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 4.3 0.00 – 542.62 – 0.00 4.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 4.1 – 166.25 341.85 258.07 – 4.1

Professional and business services .................. 3.5 0.00 82.70 – 194.41 114.35 3.5

Professional and technical services .............. 4.1 0.00 37.52 286.85 18.25 296.49 4.1

Education and health services ........................... 3.6 0.00 – 67.08 282.31 167.56 3.6

Educational services ...................................... 5.1 0.00 0.00 41.52 – 491.16 5.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.4 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 210.15 3.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 5.9 0.00 41.12 – 165.07 150.20 5.9

Other services ................................................... 4.7 0.00 0.00 20.20 0.00 263.04 4.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.5 $0.00 – $6.40 $30.48 $355.54 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.0 0.00 $27.51 11.63 0.00 303.67 3.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.0 0.00 63.38 4.86 242.55 505.65 4.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.6 0.00 29.52 14.81 207.79 88.88 1.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 0.00 62.16 14.92 72.70 0.00 2.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.4 0.00 89.96 108.90 317.93 314.05 2.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 69.08 13.18 425.64 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 134.70 0.00 – 1.5

South ..................................................................... 3.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 265.61 425.20 3.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.4 12.84 106.01 0.00 263.39 266.50 3.4

West South Central ........................................... 7.2 49.14 0.00 – 399.25 297.29 7.2

West ...................................................................... 2.9 32.52 59.17 73.90 333.07 186.54 2.9

Mountain ............................................................ 4.8 – – – – 254.54 4.8

Pacific ................................................................ 3.6 29.33 49.26 – 269.63 746.97 3.6

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 6 94

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5 95

Management, business, and financial ............... 5 95

Professional and related .................................... 5 95

Service ................................................................... 5 95

Sales and office ..................................................... 7 93

Sales and related ............................................... 8 92

Office and administrative support ...................... 7 93

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9 91

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10 90

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7 93

Production ......................................................... 6 94

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 93

Full time ................................................................. 6 94

Part time ................................................................ 3 97

Union ..................................................................... 9 91

Nonunion ............................................................... 6 94

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 11 89

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6 94

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 5 95

Construction ...................................................... 5 95

Manufacturing .................................................... 6 94

Service-providing industries .................................. 6 94

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10 90

Wholesale trade ............................................. 7 93

Retail trade .................................................... 11 89

Transportation and warehousing ................... 12 88

Utilities ........................................................... 17 83

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Information ......................................................... 2 98

Financial activities ............................................. 4 96

Finance and insurance .................................. 3 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 2 98

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 4 96

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 18 82

Professional and business services .................. 7 93

Professional and technical services .............. 7 93

Education and health services ........................... 5 95

Educational services ...................................... 8 92

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 4 96

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 94

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 95

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 94

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 7 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 93

New England ..................................................... 6 94

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 93

South ..................................................................... 7 93

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 93

West South Central ........................................... 6 94

Midwest ................................................................. 6 94

East North Central ............................................. 6 94

West North Central ............................................ 6 94

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7

Service ................................................................... 2.1 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.4 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.4 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 0.8

Construction ...................................................... 1.9 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.0 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 2.4 2.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.4 2.4

Utilities ........................................................... 4.2 4.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Information ......................................................... 1.1 1.1

Financial activities ............................................. 0.6 0.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.4 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.4 0.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.7 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.3 5.3

Professional and business services .................. 2.3 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.2 2.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 1.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 2.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 2.1

New England ..................................................... 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 2.5

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 1.6

West ...................................................................... 0.7 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 1.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 94 4 1 1 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 95 5 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 5 – –

Professional and related .................................... 95 4 – –

Service ................................................................... 97 – 1 –

Protective service .............................................. 92 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 96 3 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Sales and related ............................................... 94 6 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 97 2 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 87 – 8 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 91 6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 4 4 2

Production ......................................................... 88 5 5 2

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 2 – –

Full time ................................................................. 94 4 1 1 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 94 5 – –

Union ..................................................................... 85 – 11 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 96 4 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 94 6 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 90 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 2 1 () 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 94 3 2 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 5 1 1 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 7 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 87 7 5 1

Construction ...................................................... 84 – 15 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 90 6 3 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 96 3 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 91 7 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 93 4 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 86 13 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 93 5 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 89 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

Information ......................................................... 94 5 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 99 1 1 () –

Finance and insurance .................................. 99 1 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 99 1 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 98 – – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 96 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 96 4 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 97 3 – –

Education and health services ........................... 98 1 – –

Educational services ...................................... 97 3 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 95 4 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 99 – – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 94 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 89 – – –

Other services ................................................... 99 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 4 1 1 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 94 5 1 1 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 96 – 1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 94 4 1 1 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 96 3 1 1 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 93 5 2 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 4 – –

New England ..................................................... 97 – 2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 5 – –

South ..................................................................... 95 4 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 97 3 – –

East South Central ............................................ 91 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 95 4 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 91 4 3 1

East North Central ............................................. 91 4 – –

West North Central ............................................ 92 5 – –

West ...................................................................... 97 3 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 96 4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 97 3 – –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 1.1 – –

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.3 – 0.2 –

Protective service .............................................. 5.7 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.7 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 – 1.0 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.7 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.8

Production ......................................................... 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 0.7 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 2.1 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 – 2.2 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.5 1 ( ) 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.8 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.3 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.5 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.6

Construction ...................................................... 2.3 – 2.3 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 1.1 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.1 1.4 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.6 2.4 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.2 1.8 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 3.9 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

Information ......................................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.1 –

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.4 0.4 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.2 0.2 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.0 – – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 0.6 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 1.9 1.9 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 1.3 1.3 – –

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7 – –

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.7 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.0 0.8 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 – – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 5.6 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 11.1 – – –

Other services ................................................... 1.1 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 – 0.5 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.4 – –

New England ..................................................... 1.1 – 0.9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.8 – –

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 1.1 – –

East South Central ............................................ 4.1 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.0 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.1 – –

West North Central ............................................ 2.8 2.3 – –

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.6 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.0 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 0.7 – –

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2017

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 26 63 6 4 1 ( ) 57.6 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 26 61 7 5 1 ( ) 57.7 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 24 65 6 5 1 ( ) 57.8 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 28 59 8 6 1 ( ) 57.7 60.0

Service ................................................................... 32 63 – 2 – 57.0 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 23 65 – – – 58.4 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 27 64 4 5 1 57.4 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... 21 67 – 5 – 58.1 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 28 63 4 4 1 ( ) 57.2 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 21 67 9 – – 58.6 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 22 71 5 – – 58.0 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 25 66 5 – – 57.6 60.0

Production ......................................................... 25 63 7 – – 57.6 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 25 70 – 3 – 57.6 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 26 63 6 4 1 ( ) 57.6 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 25 66 – 6 – 57.9 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 32 61 5 1 1 57.2 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 63 6 5 1 ( ) 57.7 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 26 69 – 3 – 57.4 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 65 – – – 56.3 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 29 63 4 3 1 57.0 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 25 64 6 5 1 ( ) 57.8 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 26 62 7 5 1 ( ) 57.9 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 25 61 8 6 1 ( ) 58.2 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 22 59 12 – – 58.5 60.0

Construction ...................................................... – 72 13 – – 60.5 60.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 24 57 12 7 – 58.4 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 27 64 4 4 1 ( ) 57.4 60.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 23 70 4 3 1 ( ) 57.9 60.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 18 77 – 3 – 57.8 60.0

Retail trade .................................................... 17 74 – 5 – 58.5 60.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 31 65 – – – 57.3 60.0

Utilities ........................................................... 33 35 23 – – 58.8 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

Information ......................................................... 31 61 2 6 1 56.8 60.0

Financial activities ............................................. 29 61 5 – – 57.6 60.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 32 58 – 5 – 57.3 60.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 30 59 – 7 – 57.6 60.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 35 53 8 – – 56.9 60.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 85 – – – 59.7 60.0

Professional and business services .................. 24 64 – 6 – 57.6 60.0

Professional and technical services .............. 28 56 – 9 – 57.2 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 30 62 4 3 1 ( ) 57.0 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 5 71 11 11 2 61.0 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5 78 8 6 4 60.7 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 36 60 – – – 56.1 60.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 57 – – – 56.0 60.0

Accommodation and food services ................ 71 – – – – 52.9 50.0

Other services ................................................... – 76 6 – – 60.0 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 20 68 8 4 1 ( ) 58.5 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 20 69 7 – – 58.4 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 20 65 – 5 – 58.7 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 30 60 5 5 1 ( ) 57.1 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 25 65 5 5 1 ( ) 57.8 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 56 5 4 1 ( ) 56.4 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 25 68 – 4 – 57.7 60.0

New England ..................................................... 26 63 7 – – 57.7 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 24 69 – 4 – 57.7 60.0

South ..................................................................... 28 64 4 3 1 ( ) 57.0 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 29 62 – 4 – 57.0 60.0

East South Central ............................................ 25 68 4 3 – 57.1 60.0

West South Central ........................................... 29 65 4 – – 56.9 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 22 67 6 5 1 ( ) 58.2 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 22 68 6 4 1 ( ) 57.9 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 20 67 – 7 – 58.9 60.0

West ...................................................................... 30 51 12 6 1 57.9 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 29 57 – 3 – 58.0 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ 31 48 13 – – 57.9 60.0

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.9 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.2 2.4 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 2.4 1.5 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

Service ................................................................... 6.5 6.6 – 0.6 – 0.7 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 6.3 7.2 – – – 0.9 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.7 3.4 – 2.0 – 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.1 2.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 4.0 1.8 – – 0.7 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.5 4.0 1.3 – – 0.4 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 2.6 1.1 – – 0.3 0.0

Production ......................................................... 3.2 3.7 1.6 – – 0.4 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.6 3.2 – 1.1 – 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 4.7 5.6 – 1.7 – 0.5 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 3.7 3.5 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.1 5.1 – 0.7 – 0.6 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 12.9 – – – 1.3 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.6 2.8 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 3.0 1.7 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.1 2.1 2.1 – – 0.4 0.0

Construction ...................................................... – 5.8 3.6 – – 1.7 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.0 2.3 2.3 1.4 – 0.3 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.0 2.7 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.2 4.2 – 1.2 – 0.5 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... 3.9 4.9 – 1.5 – 0.6 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.2 5.9 – – – 0.5 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... 3.5 2.5 2.8 – – 0.8 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

Information ......................................................... 4.0 4.1 0.9 1.9 0.3 0.5 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.9 0.8 – – 0.2 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.7 1.7 – 1.1 – 0.2 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.4 2.6 – 1.5 – 0.3 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.0 1.9 2.2 – – 0.4 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 3.4 – – – 0.5 0.0

Professional and business services .................. 3.7 4.5 – 1.5 – 0.5 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. 4.5 5.2 – 2.3 – 0.7 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 3.4 3.0 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 3.0 2.4 3.0 0.5 0.2 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 2.5 1.1 1.6 0.8 0.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.0 3.6 – – – 0.5 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 14.1 – – – 1.4 6.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 19.8 – – – – 2.0 0.0

Other services ................................................... – 6.9 3.0 – – 0.6 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 2.6 1.4 – – 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 4.3 – 1.4 – 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.6 2.7 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.5 2.6 1.2 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.2 3.3 – 1.2 – 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... 4.8 5.2 2.3 – – 0.7 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.9 4.0 – 1.5 – 0.5 0.0

South ..................................................................... 2.1 1.9 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 2.0 – 0.8 – 0.3 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 5.3 3.7 1.1 1.5 – 1.0 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 5.3 5.0 1.0 – – 0.6 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 3.6 4.4 – 0.7 – 0.3 0.0

West ...................................................................... 2.6 2.8 2.8 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 6.1 4.9 – 1.3 – 1.0 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 3.0 2.8 – – 0.4 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 90 – $5,000 $8,000 $12,000 $15,000 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 $4,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,000 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 90 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 10

Professional and related .................................... 91 – 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 9

Service ................................................................... 94 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 6

Sales and office ..................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,650 20,000 10

Sales and related ............................................... 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 90 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,000 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 89 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 11

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 90 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 84 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 16

Production ......................................................... 87 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 13

Transportation and material moving .................. 79 – 4,000 7,000 10,000 12,500 21

Full time ................................................................. 90 – 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 10

Part time ................................................................ 89 4,000 5,000 7,000 – – 11

Union ..................................................................... 81 – – 6,000 10,000 12,500 19

Nonunion ............................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 9,000 12,000 – 10

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 95 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 13,000 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 94 – 5,000 – 10,000 10,000 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 90 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

Third 25 percent ................................................ 89 – 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 89 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 87 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 13

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 90 – 5,000 10,000 12,500 15,000 10

Manufacturing .................................................... 90 – 5,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 10

Service-providing industries .................................. 89 – 5,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 11

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 84 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 16

Wholesale trade ............................................. 87 5,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 13

Retail trade .................................................... 89 5,000 5,000 7,000 8,500 11,000 11

Transportation and warehousing ................... 82 – – 7,000 10,000 12,500 18

Utilities ........................................................... 68 – – 15,000 15,000 15,000 32

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... 95 $4,000 – $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 5

Financial activities ............................................. 87 5,000 $8,000 – 20,833 30,000 13

Finance and insurance .................................. 85 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,833 30,000 15

Credit intermediation and related activities 88 – 8,333 12,500 20,833 30,000 12

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 78 5,000 10,000 – – 30,000 22

Professional and business services .................. 87 – 6,000 10,000 15,000 17,333 13

Professional and technical services .............. 93 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 – 7

Education and health services ........................... 94 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 6

Educational services ...................................... 92 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 20,000 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 5,000 6,000 8,000 12,000 20,000 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 94 – 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 6

Leisure and hospitality:

Accommodation and food services .............. 100 5,000 – 10,000 10,000 12,000 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 89 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 – 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 93 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 89 – 5,000 10,000 12,500 – 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 90 – 5,000 8,000 10,500 15,000 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 88 – 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 12

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 7,500 12,000 17,333 8

New England ..................................................... 93 3,000 5,000 7,500 – 15,000 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 91 3,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 17,333 9

South ..................................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 89 4,000 6,000 10,000 13,000 15,000 11

East South Central ............................................ 89 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 11

West South Central ........................................... 91 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,000 – 9

Midwest ................................................................. 86 3,000 5,000 7,500 – 15,000 14

East North Central ............................................. 85 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 15

West North Central ............................................ 89 – 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 11

West ...................................................................... 91 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 9

Mountain ............................................................ 92 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

Pacific ................................................................ 91 4,000 6,000 10,000 – 20,833 9

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 – $0.00 $454.14 $520.39 $1,452.24 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 $211.67 281.67 1,211.16 1,573.09 3,843.11 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 180.65 0.00 0.00 364.97 1,485.51 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 – 0.00 427.96 1,519.15 958.42 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.6 921.81 0.00 288.53 0.00 2,885.31 1.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 260.34 0.00 273.72 2,954.44 744.69 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 0.00 916.97 0.00 2,101.91 1,167.60 2.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 987.56 0.00 1,443.32 2,335.58 644.92 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 – 96.56 547.45 1,590.85 0.00 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 720.93 776.79 1,274.12 0.00 0.00 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.1 13.47 0.00 387.10 0.00 474.10 2.1

Production ......................................................... 2.7 0.00 0.00 729.93 525.08 0.00 2.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 – 1,177.44 893.98 0.00 2,130.05 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 – 0.00 874.58 463.17 1,414.75 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 742.97 0.00 909.88 – – 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 – – 1,079.81 0.00 2,969.20 2.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 18.25 0.00 1,427.98 593.07 – 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 625.52 0.00 915.95 0.00 2,854.85 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 – 0.00 – 1,986.47 0.00 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 – 0.00 241.40 1,584.48 0.00 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 – 0.00 194.59 358.10 182.48 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 594.72 1,304.62 0.00 1,694.73 1,450.17 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 930.48 368.60 0.00 0.00 3,252.86 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 – 0.00 0.00 928.92 430.20 1.4

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.7 – 0.00 0.00 570.67 0.00 1.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 – 0.00 91.24 1,111.30 1,843.06 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 – 0.00 408.04 0.00 0.00 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 408.04 0.00 1,132.28 0.00 0.00 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 3.1 557.99 0.00 0.00 2,199.28 1,750.31 3.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.8 – – 898.62 965.61 3,031.63 2.8

Utilities ........................................................... 4.6 – – 4,190.16 0.00 2,737.24 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... 2.3 $0.00 – $0.00 $0.00 $3,672.40 2.3

Financial activities ............................................. 1.2 121.72 $979.86 – 526.57 0.00 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.0 121.72 328.98 553.12 0.00 0.00 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.3 – 1,552.54 332.12 0.00 0.00 1.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.3 0.00 2,025.89 – – 912.41 2.3

Professional and business services .................. 2.8 – 1,482.50 182.48 1,792.82 3,629.54 2.8

Professional and technical services .............. 2.6 482.80 0.00 516.14 0.00 – 2.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 – 0.00 1,305.94 0.00 1,257.68 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 – 0.00 158.03 489.65 0.00 1.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 0.00 1,224.13 2,126.14 1,371.17 3,289.76 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 – 0.00 1,444.60 0.00 2,541.69 1.9

Leisure and hospitality:

Accommodation and food services .............. 0.0 0.00 – 0.00 816.09 2,731.15 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 0.00 0.00 129.03 182.48 316.07 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 0.00 0.00 241.40 682.79 – 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 – 0.00 899.73 182.48 0.00 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 – 0.00 333.47 556.87 – 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 – 0.00 182.48 1,521.11 0.00 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 – 968.49 0.00 569.80 688.86 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 54.65 0.00 555.00 1,718.14 3,002.15 1.4

New England ..................................................... 1.8 521.62 0.00 129.03 – 0.00 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 66.91 0.00 638.69 1,225.31 4,016.26 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 1,374.69 1,988.02 182.48 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 343.34 1,079.58 0.00 3,037.89 995.75 2.2

East South Central ............................................ 2.9 350.62 0.00 900.16 0.00 0.00 2.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 1,094.90 0.00 2,083.09 1,889.27 – 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 127.88 0.00 645.17 – 0.00 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 0.00 0.00 652.35 316.20 0.00 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 – 694.39 2,096.57 3,193.45 3,165.24 2.7

West ...................................................................... 1.0 182.48 0.00 204.02 3,888.41 1,216.07 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 547.45 0.00 0.00 2,639.70 486.68 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 0.00 0.00 1,110.00 – 5,566.55 1.1

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 77 68 76 56 57 29 13 87

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 90 88 88 76 79 45 24 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 97 93 97 82 83 48 29 94

Professional and related .................................... 86 85 83 73 76 42 22 93

Service ................................................................... 50 46 52 30 33 11 7 79

Protective service .............................................. 64 58 58 32 30 16 5 84

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 73 80 57 58 29 13 88

Sales and related ............................................... 74 64 72 46 48 23 8 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 87 79 85 64 64 32 16 89

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 60 78 46 47 20 9 84

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 67 47 65 29 33 12 7 80

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 73 91 61 61 28 10 87

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 83 62 82 61 59 30 6 88

Production ......................................................... 90 62 87 64 63 31 7 88

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 63 76 57 55 28 5 87

Full time ................................................................. 90 81 91 67 69 35 16 90

Part time ................................................................ 41 35 36 24 25 11 5 79

Union ..................................................................... 89 79 89 76 77 40 12 92

Nonunion ............................................................... 76 67 75 54 55 28 13 87

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 51 43 50 27 30 11 6 80

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 41 30 42 21 24 9 4 76

Second 25 percent ............................................ 82 69 82 58 59 26 11 88

Third 25 percent ................................................ 90 81 89 68 69 35 14 90

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 89 91 78 80 48 24 93

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 92 92 80 83 53 24 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 90 67 88 61 62 32 9 88

Construction ...................................................... 73 51 68 32 34 10 5 78

Manufacturing .................................................... 97 74 96 75 75 42 10 92

Service-providing industries .................................. 75 69 74 55 56 28 14 87

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 81 69 80 57 57 29 7 89

Wholesale trade ............................................. 92 80 89 68 69 28 10 87

Retail trade .................................................... 75 62 74 48 47 23 7 88

Transportation and warehousing ................... 86 74 87 70 71 45 6 93

Utilities ........................................................... 100 98 99 88 86 58 13 96

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

Information ......................................................... 97 96 96 92 89 50 34 97

Financial activities ............................................. 94 93 94 83 86 54 31 94

Finance and insurance .................................. 98 96 97 90 92 66 38 96

Credit intermediation and related activities 98 95 98 91 93 68 34 97

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 97 95 96 87 91 61 40 95

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 84 85 85 61 65 18 10 87

Professional and business services .................. 78 69 75 52 54 28 16 82

Professional and technical services .............. 92 87 90 67 73 42 27 87

Administrative and waste services ................ 60 47 55 27 27 9 6 75

Education and health services ........................... 82 80 79 68 70 31 18 93

Educational services ...................................... 65 79 56 72 71 40 20 89

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 81 84 73 88 90 58 22 95

Health care and social assistance ................. 85 80 83 67 70 30 18 93

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 37 38 42 17 24 8 6 78

Accommodation and food services ................ 34 35 42 16 22 6 5 77

Other services ................................................... 65 62 68 40 36 14 9 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 70 59 69 43 45 18 10 81

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 58 67 39 42 17 9 79

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 73 63 72 54 56 22 12 87

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 79 85 71 72 41 17 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 84 75 82 65 65 34 13 94

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 86 90 82 83 52 23 94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 77 71 76 62 70 33 17 86

New England ..................................................... 75 71 73 62 71 36 13 90

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 77 71 76 61 69 33 18 84

South ..................................................................... 80 66 79 58 60 31 12 85

South Atlantic .................................................... 80 66 78 61 61 32 13 88

East South Central ............................................ 81 66 83 54 59 28 10 83

West South Central ........................................... 79 66 78 56 60 31 13 82

Midwest ................................................................. 76 64 77 56 55 26 11 89

East North Central ............................................. 77 63 77 57 55 26 12 88

West North Central ............................................ 73 64 76 55 56 27 10 90

West ...................................................................... 74 75 72 46 45 24 14 89

Mountain ............................................................ 73 61 72 47 50 26 15 88

Pacific ................................................................ 75 82 72 45 42 23 13 90

1 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see

the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.0 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.7 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.2 1.3 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 7.3 5.2 8.4 7.1 5.1 3.8 1.5 4.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.8 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.1 0.7 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.9 0.7 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 2.6 3.3 1.8 2.6 1.2 1.4 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 2.3 1.5 2.4 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.0

Production ......................................................... 1.3 2.5 1.5 2.2 2.2 1.8 0.8 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 0.8 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.5 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.0 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.5 2.1 1.4 0.7 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.5 1.8 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.8

Construction ...................................................... 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.7 1.3 1.0 1.5

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.6 2.4 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.0 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 2.2 1.4 2.5 2.4 2.7 1.2 1.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.8 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.3 4.3 3.2 3.5 3.3 4.0 1.4 2.0

Utilities ........................................................... 0.3 0.4 1.0 3.4 3.6 4.8 1.9 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

Information ......................................................... 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.8 2.8 3.5 3.5 0.9

Financial activities ............................................. 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.0 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.4 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.5 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.3 1.2 0.3 1.2 1.0 1.9 2.3 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.9 1.1 0.9 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.8 3.5 4.1 2.7 2.9

Professional and business services .................. 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9

Professional and technical services .............. 1.8 2.4 2.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.4 3.1 4.3 2.2 1.8 2.4 1.4 3.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 2.6 1.9 2.1 1.8 2.3 1.5 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.8 3.2 3.3 4.3 4.4 3.4 2.0 2.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.7 3.1 2.1 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 2.9 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.4 2.6

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.4 2.8

Other services ................................................... 3.2 4.3 2.7 3.8 2.8 2.7 2.1 4.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.7 1.7 1.4 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.4 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 0.9 1.3

New England ..................................................... 2.1 3.3 2.0 3.3 2.8 2.6 1.3 3.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.1 1.1 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 2.4 1.6 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 3.6 3.0 3.2 6.6 5.9 5.5 1.9 4.3

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 3.2 3.8 1.9 2.7 1.1 1.0 1.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 0.9 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.5 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.9 0.8 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 4.0 5.9 5.3 2.6 3.5 2.3 2.1 1.4

West ...................................................................... 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 3.3 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.1 1.9 1.8 2.5 1.6 1.8 1.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see

the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 7 3 25 15 14 10 12 6 4 2 1 2 8 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 18 15 15 13 15 8 7 2 1 2 9 8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 1 16 11 16 13 21 8 7 2 1 2 9 9

Professional and related .................................... 2 1 20 17 14 13 12 8 7 2 1 2 9 8

Service ................................................................... 14 8 32 19 10 6 5 2 2 1 1 () 1 7 6

Protective service .............................................. – – 29 – – – 4 – – – – 1 7 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 3 26 14 13 9 14 4 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

Sales and related ............................................... 26 5 30 11 10 7 5 3 1 – – – 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 6 2 23 15 15 10 18 5 3 1 1 1 8 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6 6 33 18 11 8 10 4 2 1 1 1 7 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 8 7 35 17 13 9 5 2 – – – 1 7 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4 4 32 19 10 7 13 5 3 1 1 1 8 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 24 13 17 10 13 8 4 2 1 () 2 8 8

Production ......................................................... 3 2 21 10 13 13 17 11 5 2 1 () 3 9 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 4 26 16 21 7 8 5 2 – – 2 8 7

Full time ................................................................. 5 3 23 15 15 11 14 6 4 2 1 2 8 8

Part time ................................................................ 25 4 34 15 9 3 5 1 1 1 1 ( ) 1 () 6 6

Union ..................................................................... – 2 20 13 17 10 12 9 7 2 – 4 9 8

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 3 25 15 13 10 12 5 4 1 1 () 1 8 7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 21 7 35 16 9 5 4 2 1 – – 1 () 6 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 25 4 39 13 10 3 4 – – – – – 6 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 5 28 17 13 9 12 5 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 2 23 15 15 11 15 7 4 1 1 2 8 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 1 16 14 16 14 16 8 8 3 1 2 9 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 1 13 12 16 14 17 8 11 3 1 2 9 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3 3 19 12 12 14 17 8 7 2 1 2 9 9

Construction ...................................................... 7 8 39 19 13 10 4 1 – – – – 7 6

Manufacturing .................................................... 2 2 11 9 12 16 21 11 10 3 1 3 9 9

Service-providing industries .................................. 9 3 26 16 14 9 11 5 3 1 1 1 8 7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 17 5 32 13 13 6 6 4 1 1 1 () 1 7 6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3 2 26 16 15 11 14 6 2 – – 2 8 8

Retail trade .................................................... 32 8 39 11 5 2 1 1 1 () – – – 5 6

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 4 25 14 29 4 8 7 2 – – – 8 8

Utilities ........................................................... – – – – 10 28 15 21 – – – – 10 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

Information ......................................................... – – 17 32 10 12 17 8 – – – – 8 8

Financial activities ............................................. 1 – 10 9 18 17 36 6 3 1 – – 9 9

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 6 6 18 18 43 6 2 1 – – 9 10

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 5 4 15 7 62 5 2 – – – 9 10

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 9 10 24 23 22 6 3 – – – 9 9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5 – 25 22 16 13 – 5 – – – – 8 7

Professional and business services .................. 6 2 23 13 19 12 11 7 5 – – – 8 8

Professional and technical services .............. 5 – 13 13 24 13 14 6 6 – – – 8 8

Administrative and waste services ................ 9 4 35 12 12 10 – 7 – – – – 7 7

Education and health services ........................... 3 – 30 20 10 8 8 5 5 2 – 3 8 7

Educational services ...................................... – 2 – 5 7 10 15 12 11 9 6 18 12 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 2 – 4 7 7 12 11 16 15 7 18 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 – 34 22 11 8 7 4 5 1 – – 7 7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 18 – 29 26 13 4 – 2 – – – – 6 6

Accommodation and food services ................ 19 – 25 32 14 3 – – – – – – 6 7

Other services ................................................... 9 3 20 13 16 4 18 – – 7 – 5 8 8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 4 28 16 13 9 11 4 3 1 1 () 1 7 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10 4 28 17 12 8 11 4 3 1 1 () 1 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 4 28 14 15 10 10 5 3 – – 1 () 7 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 2 21 14 15 11 14 7 5 2 1 2 8 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 3 23 14 14 11 13 6 4 2 – – 8 8

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 17 15 16 11 17 9 7 2 1 3 9 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 3 19 16 12 10 14 8 7 2 1 () 2 8 8

New England ..................................................... 8 – 15 15 11 10 17 11 5 2 – 2 8 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6 3 20 16 13 10 13 7 7 2 – – 8 8

South ..................................................................... 10 4 25 15 13 11 11 5 3 1 1 1 7 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 3 26 14 13 11 12 4 3 1 1 1 7 7

East South Central ............................................ 10 4 23 12 11 9 15 7 4 – – 2 8 8

West South Central ........................................... 10 5 24 18 14 13 8 5 2 1 ( ) 1 () 1 7 7

Midwest ................................................................. 5 2 29 15 15 8 13 5 3 2 1 () 2 8 7

East North Central ............................................. 5 2 27 17 15 8 14 5 3 2 1 () 3 8 7

West North Central ............................................ 4 – 34 12 17 9 11 6 3 2 – 1 8 7

West ...................................................................... 7 5 24 14 15 9 12 7 4 – – 1 8 7

Mountain ............................................................ 9 3 28 15 16 7 12 5 4 – – – 7 7

Pacific ................................................................ 7 5 22 14 14 10 12 7 5 – – 1 8 8

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.2 1.9 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.1 0.8 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

Service ................................................................... 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.8 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.3 1 ( ) 0.4 0.1 0.2

Protective service .............................................. – – 8.3 – – – 1.7 – – – – 0.5 0.4 0.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.4 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 0.8 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.3 – – – 0.1 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5 1.8 1.1 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 2.7 3.9 3.1 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.7 – – – 0.4 0.1 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 1.0 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.0 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.1 0.8 2.1 1.7 1.8 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.5 – – 0.9 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.9 1.7 2.5 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 1 ( ) 0.2 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 0.7 2.0 1.3 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.2 2.0 0.6 – 0.7 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.1 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 – – 0.1 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 1.4 2.7 3.0 2.2 1.2 1.5 – – – – – 0.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.3 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.1 2.1 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.6

Construction ...................................................... 1.3 2.3 2.6 2.4 1.0 1.6 0.8 0.4 – – – – 0.1 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.2 1.0 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.2 0.6 – – 0.7 0.1 0.2

Retail trade .................................................... 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 – – – 0.1 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 1.6 3.7 2.9 3.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.0 – – – 0.2 0.2

Utilities ........................................................... – – – – 2.4 3.6 3.6 2.7 – – – – 0.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

Information ......................................................... – – 2.5 2.9 1.1 3.0 3.1 1.8 – – – – 0.1 1.2

Financial activities ............................................. 0.4 – 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 0.6 0.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 – – 1 ( ) 0.2

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 0.9 0.5 1.9 1.1 2.3 1.1 0.6 – – – 0.1 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 1.4 2.0 2.9 3.0 2.8 1.7 1.0 – – – 0.1 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.8 – 5.8 6.6 3.6 2.9 – 1.8 – – – – 0.2 0.8

Professional and business services .................. 1.4 0.8 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.3 – – – 0.1 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. 2.4 – 2.7 2.7 3.1 1.7 2.3 1.1 2.3 – – – 0.2 0.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.1 1.8 3.0 2.1 2.0 2.7 – 2.2 – – – – 0.2 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 – 2.4 3.2 1.6 1.9 1.5 0.9 1.7 0.6 – 0.5 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 0.8 – 1.5 1.2 3.1 3.0 2.1 1.2 1.9 1.3 2.8 0.3 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 1.0 – 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 2.4 1.4 3.1 1.7 1.9 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.3 – 2.6 3.8 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.0 2.0 0.6 – – 0.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.5 – 5.2 4.9 2.7 1.4 – 0.9 – – – – 0.2 1.0

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.7 – 5.0 5.7 3.4 1.6 – – – – – – 0.2 1.4

Other services ................................................... 2.0 1.1 2.8 2.0 3.5 1.2 4.1 – – 2.6 – 2.4 0.3 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 – – 0.2 0.1 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.3 – – 0.1 0.1

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.5 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.6 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... 2.3 – 3.3 3.7 1.3 2.2 2.1 3.4 1.7 0.8 – 0.9 0.2 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.6 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.7 2.1 0.5 – – 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 0.9 2.4 2.0 1.4 1.9 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 1.3 2.5 3.5 1.7 2.6 3.0 1.9 1.6 – – 0.6 0.4 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 0.6 1.3 3.0 2.2 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.4 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 1.1 2.0 2.4 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 0.7 – 2.6 1.3 2.2 0.8 1.5 1.9 0.8 0.8 – 0.6 0.1 0.4

West ...................................................................... 0.9 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.2 – – 0.4 0.1 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 0.6 4.3 3.7 3.4 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.8 – – – 0.2 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.5 0.6 1.1 1.5 – – 0.6 0.2 0.8

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, private industry workers, 

March 2017

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 67 4 29

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 60 7 33

Management, business, and financial ............... 61 8 31

Professional and related .................................... 60 6 34

Service ................................................................... 69 1 30

Protective service .............................................. 62 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 3 30

Sales and related ............................................... 65 3 31

Office and administrative support ...................... 67 3 29

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 75 5 19

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 76 6 19

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 79 2 19

Transportation and material moving .................. 83 2 15

Full time ................................................................. 67 5 29

Part time ................................................................ 72 1 27

Union ..................................................................... 85 2 13

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 4 30

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 71 2 28

Second 25 percent ............................................ 69 2 29

Third 25 percent ................................................ 69 4 27

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 62 8 30

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 60 10 29

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 70 6 24

Construction ...................................................... 73 6 21

Manufacturing .................................................... 69 6 26

Service-providing industries .................................. 67 4 29

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 72 3 24

Wholesale trade ............................................. 79 5 16

Retail trade .................................................... 64 3 33

Transportation and warehousing ................... 84 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 79 2 19

Information ......................................................... 71 9 20

Financial activities ............................................. 62 5 33

Finance and insurance .................................. 61 5 35

Credit intermediation and related activities 70 2 28

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 47 5 48

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 67 4 28

Professional and business services .................. 66 8 26

Professional and technical services .............. 61 8 31

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

Education and health services ........................... 59 1 40

Educational services ...................................... 83 5 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 82 8 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 55 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 77 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 77 – –

Other services ................................................... 72 5 24

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 71 5 24

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 70 6 24

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 74 2 24

100 workers or more .............................................. 64 3 33

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 68 2 30

500 workers or more .......................................... 58 5 37

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 5 25

New England ..................................................... 64 5 31

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 73 5 22

South ..................................................................... 66 5 30

South Atlantic .................................................... 65 6 29

East South Central ............................................ 72 5 23

West South Central ........................................... 63 3 34

Midwest:

East North Central ........................................... 68 3 29

West ...................................................................... 69 4 28

Mountain ............................................................ 56 4 40

Pacific ................................................................ 73 4 23

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, private

industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.5 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.9 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.4 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.0 1.4

Service ................................................................... 2.5 0.3 2.6

Protective service .............................................. 11.5 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.4 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 0.5 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 0.5 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 1.6 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 2.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 0.5 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.2 0.7 2.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.5 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 0.3 2.3

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 0.4 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.5 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.4 0.4 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.5 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.5 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.7 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.4 1.0 2.2

Construction ...................................................... 4.0 1.7 3.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 3.0 1.1 2.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.5 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.6 0.6 1.5

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.1 1.4 2.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 0.7 1.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.6 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 3.5 0.8 3.7

Information ......................................................... 2.5 2.3 1.8

Financial activities ............................................. 1.4 0.6 1.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 0.6 1.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.0 0.5 2.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.1 1.4 2.9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.6 1.7 4.3

Professional and business services .................. 3.1 2.0 2.5

Professional and technical services .............. 3.3 2.0 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 0.2 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 1.2 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 1.8 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.8 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.7 – –

Other services ................................................... 2.9 1.5 3.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.8 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 1.0 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 0.6 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.3 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.7 1.4 2.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.7 1.5 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.2

South ..................................................................... 2.4 1.1 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.8 1.9 2.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.2 1.5 2.4

West South Central ........................................... 3.9 0.9 3.4

Midwest:

East North Central ........................................... 1.9 1.0 2.4

West ...................................................................... 2.4 0.9 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 5.3 1.7 5.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 1.1 1.9

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, 

March 2017

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 26 52 19 2176

Full time ................................................................. 24 52 21 2176

Part time ................................................................ 36 53 8––65

Union ..................................................................... 25 46 26 3 3 () 7 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 53 18 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 30 53 15 2165

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 29 54 15 2165

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 49 17 ––65

100 workers or more .............................................. 22 52 22 3186

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 26 54 17 2176

500 workers or more .......................................... 16 48 31 4197

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 25 53 19 3176

Full time ................................................................. 23 52 21 3286

Part time ................................................................ 35 54 8––65

Union ..................................................................... 21 48 27 3186

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 53 18 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 53 15 2175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 28 54 15 2175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 31 50 17 ––65

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 52 23 3286

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 55 17 2176

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

500 workers or more .......................................... 14 47 32 4 3 10 7

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 24 52 19 3186

Full time ................................................................. 22 52 21 3286

Part time ................................................................ 34 53 10 ––65

Union ..................................................................... 20 49 27 3296

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 53 18 3186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 53 16 2175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 28 54 15 2175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 31 49 17 ––75

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 52 23 3296

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 55 18 2186

500 workers or more .......................................... 13 47 32 5 3 11 7

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 24 52 19 3186

Full time ................................................................. 22 52 21 3286

Part time ................................................................ 34 53 10 ––65

Union ..................................................................... 20 48 27 3296

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 53 18 3186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 53 16 2175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 28 54 15 2175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 31 49 18 ––75

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 52 23 3296

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 55 18 2186

500 workers or more .......................................... 13 47 32 5 3 11 7

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private

industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 2.3 1.1 – – 0.1 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 2.6 3.0 3.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 3.1 2.9 – – 0.3 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 2.1 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 2.1 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.2 – – 0.1 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 3.1 3.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 3 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 3.1 2.9 – – 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 2.2 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.3

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.3 – – 0.1 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 3.2 3.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 3.0 2.8 – – 0.4 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 2.1 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 2.4 2.0 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.8

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.3 – – 0.1 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 3.2 3.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 3.0 3.0 – – 0.4 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 2.1 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 2.4 1.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.8

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private industry workers, 

March 2017

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 45 10 36 55

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 53 13 40 47

Management, business, and financial ............... 44 11 33 56

Professional and related .................................... 58 14 44 42

Service ................................................................... 50 9 42 50

Sales and office ..................................................... 43 9 34 57

Sales and related ............................................... 46 7 40 54

Office and administrative support ...................... 41 10 31 59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 34 6 28 66

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 35 9 26 65

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 38 7 31 62

Transportation and material moving .................. 41 6 34 59

Full time ................................................................. 45 10 35 55

Union ..................................................................... 49 9 41 51

Nonunion ............................................................... 45 10 35 55

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 43 7 35 57

Second 25 percent ............................................ 44 9 35 56

Third 25 percent ................................................ 46 9 36 54

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 48 11 37 52

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 46 11 35 54

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 31 2 29 69

Service-providing industries .................................. 48 10 38 52

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 44 7 37 56

Wholesale trade ............................................. 29 7 21 71

Retail trade .................................................... 47 7 40 53

Transportation and warehousing ................... 53 5 48 47

Utilities ........................................................... 55 – – 45

Information ......................................................... 24 12 12 76

Financial activities ............................................. 38 9 29 62

Finance and insurance .................................. 42 9 33 58

Credit intermediation and related activities 40 9 32 60

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 48 13 35 52

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 26 – – 74

Professional and business services .................. 36 9 27 64

Professional and technical services .............. 41 14 27 59

Education and health services ........................... 72 13 58 28

Educational services ...................................... 71 15 56 29

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 82 25 57 18

Health care and social assistance ................. 72 13 59 28

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 45 11 34 55

Accommodation and food services ................ 49 – – 51

Other services ................................................... 48 9 39 52

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 38 8 30 62

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 34 6 27 66

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 50 11 39 50

100 workers or more .............................................. 52 11 41 48

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 48 10 38 52

500 workers or more .......................................... 60 13 46 40

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 42 8 34 58

New England ..................................................... 46 5 40 54

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 41 8 33 59

South ..................................................................... 48 12 36 52

South Atlantic .................................................... 51 14 38 49

East South Central ............................................ 42 6 36 58

West South Central ........................................... 45 11 34 55

West ...................................................................... 49 9 40 51

Mountain ............................................................ 57 8 49 43

Pacific ................................................................ 46 9 37 54

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private

industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 1.1 1.8 1.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.3 1.3 2.6 2.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 1.5 2.1 2.1

Service ................................................................... 2.9 1.1 3.1 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.0 1.6 1.8

Sales and related ............................................... 2.9 0.9 3.0 2.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 1.5 1.7 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.7 1.3 2.3 2.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.3 1.8 2.7 3.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 1.4 2.8 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 3.0 2.2 3.0 3.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.6 1.3 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.8 1.0 2.8 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.8 1.3 3.0 2.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 3.2 0.9 3.1 3.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.8 1.5 3.1 2.8

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 0.9 2.0 1.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.3 1.7 4.0 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 6.5 – – 6.5

Information ......................................................... 3.4 2.7 2.1 3.4

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 1.3 2.4 2.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.3 1.5 2.5 2.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.6 1.6 2.5 2.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 5.1 3.7 5.9 5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.9 – – 5.9

Professional and business services .................. 3.1 1.6 3.7 3.1

Professional and technical services .............. 4.8 3.3 4.2 4.8

Education and health services ........................... 3.2 2.2 2.7 3.2

Educational services ...................................... 3.8 2.8 4.1 3.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.9 4.3 4.7 2.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.9 2.9 3.2 3.9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.4 2.1 4.3 4.4

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.5 – – 5.5

Other services ................................................... 5.9 2.7 5.6 5.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 0.9 1.6 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.6 1.8 3.3 3.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 1.4 2.0 2.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 1.4 2.1 2.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 1.2 2.8 2.3

New England ..................................................... 4.0 0.8 4.3 4.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 1.4 3.1 2.5

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.4 2.1 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.7 2.3 2.9 2.7

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 1.3 4.8 3.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 2.4 4.1 2.9

West ...................................................................... 2.3 0.6 2.4 2.3

Mountain ............................................................ 6.9 0.8 7.1 6.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 0.8 2.3 2.3

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry workers, March 2017

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)2

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 5 10 30 65 120 50

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 6 20 45 90 130 63

Management, business, and financial ............... 5 14 30 60 120 57

Professional and related .................................... 8 25 50 90 130 66

Service ................................................................... 5 – 21 – 90 35

Protective service .............................................. – – – – – 55

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 10 30 60 115 44

Sales and related ............................................... 6 10 30 30 – 33

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 – 30 72 120 51

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 7 18 60 120 45

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 10 30 – 150 57

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 10 20 73 150 50

Transportation and material moving .................. 6 10 24 115 151 63

Full time ................................................................. 5 10 30 65 120 52

Union ..................................................................... 6 – 60 130 180 83

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 10 30 60 108 44

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 10 20 30 69 30

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 10 30 65 120 49

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 10 30 69 120 52

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 6 14 38 90 150 63

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 15 40 120 198 70

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 5 5 10 – – 17

Service-providing industries .................................. 6 13 30 72 120 54

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 5 11 30 73 150 52

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 10 20 30 60 28

Retail trade .................................................... 5 – 30 30 – 31

Transportation and warehousing ................... – – – 150 184 94

Utilities ........................................................... – – – – – 77

Information ......................................................... – – – – 130 75

Financial activities ............................................. 10 20 – 90 – 72

Finance and insurance .................................. 15 20 52 90 180 78

Credit intermediation and related activities – – – 90 110 65

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 15 – 60 130 365 105

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – – – – 29

Professional and business services .................. 5 10 – 50 60 33

Professional and technical services .............. – 6 – 42 50 26

Education and health services ........................... 11 30 60 90 130 69

Educational services ...................................... 12 20 – – 130 67

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 24 60 120 130 77

Health care and social assistance ................. 11 30 60 90 120 69

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 5 6 10 19 60 21

Accommodation and food services ................ – – – – – 17

Other services ................................................... – 13 30 50 90 39

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)2

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 10 30 40 90 42

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 10 30 35 – 31

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 10 30 75 – 62

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 10 38 75 130 56

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 10 30 60 100 41

500 workers or more .......................................... 6 15 60 120 151 75

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 – 50 100 150 64

New England ..................................................... 5 – – – 137 54

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 15 50 107 165 68

South ..................................................................... 6 11 30 65 120 51

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 – 30 65 120 57

East South Central ............................................ 5 10 30 60 90 44

West South Central ........................................... – – 30 73 108 46

West ...................................................................... 6 10 24 50 110 42

Mountain ............................................................ 6 – – – 120 46

Pacific ................................................................ 6 9 24 50 100 40

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median,

half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the amount shown. At

the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same

logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)1

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 2.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 3.0 7.3 12.1 5.8 5.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 2.8 0.0 2.4 24.3 11.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 6.7 4.4 0.0 8.1 4.5

Service ................................................................... 1.4 – 4.9 – 11.4 3.0

Protective service .............................................. – – – – – 13.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 2.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 0.0 5.2 1.3 – 2.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 – 7.8 8.2 4.0 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.2 1.9 5.3 7.9 17.1 5.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 2.2 4.0 – 41.5 8.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.2 2.1 2.1 19.2 7.6 4.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.4 0.8 6.0 6.5 14.2 7.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.5 0.0 4.9 0.0 2.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.0 – 16.6 16.1 33.8 6.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 16.0 2.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 2.4 0.3 2.5 14.1 1.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.0 0.0 6.2 8.7 3.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.4 0.0 7.1 1.8 2.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 2.9 4.7 4.0 12.8 4.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 4.2 10.4 19.9 55.2 8.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... 0.0 0.7 2.8 – – 2.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.0 2.9 1.2 4.9 5.2 2.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 3.2 0.0 16.0 25.7 3.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 2.6 4.7 2.6 3.4 3.8

Retail trade .................................................... 0.0 – 0.8 2.2 – 2.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... – – – 3.9 19.2 7.7

Utilities ........................................................... – – – – – 4.6

Information ......................................................... – – – – 22.4 9.1

Financial activities ............................................. 2.9 1.1 – 0.0 – 4.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.1 3.2 11.0 0.0 25.7 5.7

Credit intermediation and related activities – – – 9.1 19.0 10.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.0 – 8.3 35.8 0.0 10.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – – – – 4.4

Professional and business services .................. 0.0 2.3 – 3.3 10.7 3.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 1.7 – 9.5 6.1 3.3

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 1.9 10.3 3.8 7.5 7.0

Educational services ...................................... 2.9 0.0 – – 3.7 3.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 3.9 0.0 1.6 1.2 3.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.3 0.5 10.2 10.6 14.0 8.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.7 0.6 0.8 5.2 13.3 3.3

Accommodation and food services ................ – – – – – 3.4

Other services ................................................... – 2.1 3.2 10.6 0.0 4.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)1

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.0 1.6 9.4 13.8 5.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.2 5.3 5.9 – 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.1 1.2 20.4 – 13.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.0 6.2 13.8 2.3 2.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 0.0 5.6 0.0 16.9 2.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.0 2.5 1.9 6.5 17.9 4.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 – 7.9 17.8 26.4 4.7

New England ..................................................... 1.2 – – – 14.2 9.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.8 5.1 17.6 33.3 5.4

South ..................................................................... 1.3 2.9 0.0 9.4 6.9 6.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 – 0.4 12.4 4.0 11.1

East South Central ............................................ 0.3 2.7 1.6 2.2 23.5 6.3

West South Central ........................................... – – 1.5 5.9 31.0 3.7

West ...................................................................... 0.0 0.9 6.5 10.3 9.4 2.2

Mountain ............................................................ 0.0 – – – 24.4 6.6

Pacific ................................................................ 0.0 1.8 6.9 10.8 12.9 2.0

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median,

half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the amount shown. At

the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same

logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 8 33 35 16 6 2 10 10

Full time ................................................................. 5 31 37 18 7 2 11 10

Part time ................................................................ 28 45 19 44175

Union ..................................................................... 8 40 35 12 3 1 9 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 32 35 17 7 2 11 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 40 34 11 4 1 9 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 12 40 35 94199

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 41 31 14 4 1 9 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 25 36 22 9 3 12 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 30 37 19 6 2 11 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 19 34 25 14 5 14 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 11 32 34 15 6 15 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 8 31 36 17 6 15 15

Part time ................................................................ 7 28 37 19 6 2 12 10

Union ..................................................................... – 7 44 35 10 – 14 13

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 11 31 34 16 6 15 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 15 36 32 11 2 13 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 17 35 31 11 2 13 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 10 38 33 13 3 14 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 6 29 36 19 9 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 8 34 35 17 6 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 4 21 37 22 14 18 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 16 37 24 14 17 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 14 38 26 16 18 16

Part time ................................................................ 7 19 27 33 8 6 13 13

Union ..................................................................... – – 11 55 23 8 17 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 8 17 35 24 15 17 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 11 22 35 21 7 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 13 23 34 19 7 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 7 19 39 24 8 16 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 10 39 26 21 19 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 13 41 25 17 18 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 2 7 35 29 27 21 20

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 12 20 31 28 20 20

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 12 19 33 30 20 20

Part time ................................................................ 7 19 16 26 18 15 16 16

Union ..................................................................... – – 4 12 48 34 22 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 13 21 29 28 19 20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 11 19 24 27 16 17 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 13 20 24 24 16 16 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 6 16 23 34 18 18 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 6 17 35 40 23 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 6 21 35 34 22 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 2 4 11 34 48 24 24

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 2.8 2.5 1.8 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.3 0.4 0.3 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.1

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 1.1 2.4 2.0 1.3 – 0.3 2.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.6 0.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.1 2.4 2.3 2.0 0.9 0.3 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.7 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.0 0.3 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.9

Union ..................................................................... – – 1.3 2.5 2.1 1.3 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.1 2.0 3.2 2.6 1.5 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.2 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 2.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.3 1.2

Union ..................................................................... – – 0.6 1.2 2.5 2.5 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.2 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.1 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 0.4 3 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.7 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.6 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 2.0 1.6 0.3 1.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 35 14 19 22 24 65 8 12 15 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 45 17 21 24 26 55 11 15 17 19

Management, business, and financial ............... 41 17 21 23 26 59 11 15 17 19

Professional and related .................................... 48 17 21 24 26 52 11 15 17 19

Service ................................................................... 37 14 18 21 22 63 6 11 13 14

Protective service .............................................. 39 16 19 22 25 61 6 8 10 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 38 13 18 21 24 62 8 12 15 17

Sales and related ............................................... 34 11 16 19 23 66 7 12 14 17

Office and administrative support ...................... 41 15 19 22 25 59 8 13 15 18

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 20 10 15 18 20 80 7 11 13 15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 23 9 13 16 17 77 7 10 12 13

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 18 11 16 19 22 82 7 11 14 16

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 20 11 15 18 21 80 7 11 15 18

Production ......................................................... 22 11 15 18 21 78 7 11 15 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 19 12 15 18 22 81 7 12 15 18

Full time ................................................................. 36 15 19 22 25 64 8 13 15 18

Part time ................................................................ 35 10 15 16 18 65 6 10 12 14

Union ..................................................................... 18 14 19 23 26 82 8 13 16 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 38 14 19 22 24 62 8 12 15 17

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 31 11 16 18 20 69 6 10 13 14

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 22 10 15 17 19 78 5 10 12 13

Second 25 percent ............................................ 35 14 18 22 24 65 7 12 14 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 35 15 19 22 25 65 8 13 15 18

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 40 17 21 23 26 60 10 14 17 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 38 17 21 23 25 62 12 15 18 20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 24 11 15 18 21 76 7 11 14 18

Construction ...................................................... 24 10 14 16 17 76 6 10 11 13

Manufacturing .................................................... 24 12 16 19 22 76 8 12 15 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 38 15 19 22 25 62 8 12 15 17

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 27 11 16 19 23 73 7 11 14 17

Wholesale trade ............................................. 22 11 16 18 21 78 8 12 15 17

Retail trade .................................................... 35 10 16 19 23 65 6 11 13 16

Transportation and warehousing ................... 14 12 17 22 28 86 8 12 16 19

Utilities ........................................................... 25 14 17 19 24 75 9 13 16 20

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

Information ......................................................... 28 16 22 25 27 72 11 14 17 21

Financial activities ............................................. 42 16 20 23 26 58 11 14 16 19

Finance and insurance .................................. 45 17 21 24 26 55 12 15 17 20

Credit intermediation and related activities 34 16 20 24 26 66 12 15 17 20

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 64 17 21 24 26 36 10 14 16 20

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 31 14 18 20 21 69 9 12 14 15

Professional and business services .................. 38 16 20 22 24 62 9 13 15 17

Professional and technical services .............. 43 17 20 22 24 57 10 14 16 18

Administrative and waste services ................ 38 15 19 22 24 62 6 11 13 14

Education and health services ........................... 60 17 21 25 26 40 10 14 17 19

Educational services ...................................... 21 13 15 17 18 79 13 17 19 20

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 15 17 21 24 26 85 14 17 19 21

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 17 22 25 27 36 10 14 17 18

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 23 11 16 19 21 77 6 10 12 13

Accommodation and food services ................ 23 11 16 19 21 77 5 10 12 12

Other services ................................................... 27 11 14 15 17 73 8 12 14 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 12 17 19 20 71 7 11 14 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 28 12 16 19 20 72 7 11 13 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 13 17 20 21 68 7 12 14 16

100 workers or more .............................................. 42 16 20 23 27 58 9 13 16 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 39 14 19 22 25 61 8 13 16 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 45 18 22 26 28 55 10 14 17 20

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 32 16 20 22 25 68 9 13 16 18

New England ..................................................... 37 16 21 23 27 63 9 13 16 18

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 30 15 19 22 25 70 9 13 16 18

South ..................................................................... 34 14 18 21 23 66 8 12 14 16

South Atlantic .................................................... 34 15 19 21 24 66 8 12 14 16

East South Central ............................................ 26 15 19 22 25 74 7 11 14 16

West South Central ........................................... 38 13 17 19 22 62 8 12 14 16

Midwest ................................................................. 37 15 19 23 25 63 7 12 16 18

East North Central ............................................. 35 15 20 23 26 65 7 12 16 18

West North Central ............................................ 43 14 19 21 24 57 8 12 15 18

West ...................................................................... 40 14 18 21 23 60 8 12 15 17

Mountain ............................................................ 45 14 18 21 23 55 8 12 15 17

Pacific ................................................................ 37 14 19 22 23 63 8 13 15 17

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March

2017

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Service ................................................................... 2.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 9.4 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.3 9.4 0.6 1.2 1.9 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0 2.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.2 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Construction ...................................................... 3.0 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 2.0 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Utilities ........................................................... 4.5 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.7 4.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

Information ......................................................... 2.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Financial activities ............................................. 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.3 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 4.3 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0

Professional and business services .................. 2.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Professional and technical services .............. 3.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 3.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 3.6 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.9 3.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 3.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 3.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6

Other services ................................................... 2.7 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

New England ..................................................... 1.9 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.1 2.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 2.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

West ...................................................................... 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.2 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.2 4.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 10 7 6 39 51

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 20 15 13 56 67

Management, business, and financial ............... 19 22 14 57 70

Professional and related .................................... 20 12 12 55 66

Service ................................................................... 7 1 4 22 33

Protective service .............................................. – – 3 27 40

Sales and office ..................................................... 8 7 5 41 54

Sales and related ............................................... 4 4 3 38 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 11 8 7 44 55

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 1 3 27 35

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3 – 2 18 23

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 2 3 36 47

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4 3 1 38 50

Production ......................................................... 7 3 1 42 50

Transportation and material moving .................. 2 3 2 35 51

Full time ................................................................. 13 8 7 45 57

Part time ................................................................ 4 2 3 24 35

Union ..................................................................... 17 3 6 52 74

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 7 6 38 49

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 1 2 22 33

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 1 2 15 26

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 3 4 36 49

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11 7 7 47 57

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 22 17 13 59 70

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 24 25 16 63 76

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 9 6 2 43 50

Construction ...................................................... 3 2 3 17 20

Manufacturing .................................................... 13 8 2 55 63

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 7 7 39 51

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3 4 2 42 58

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6 14 3 36 49

Retail trade .................................................... 2 3 ( ) 1 39 57

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2 3 4 52 68

Utilities ........................................................... 16 – 14 75 82

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

Information ......................................................... 41 13 18 71 83

Financial activities ............................................. 21 17 18 60 71

Finance and insurance .................................. 26 21 22 72 81

Credit intermediation and related activities 29 13 19 71 81

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 16 28 23 71 78

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 6 5 22 39

Professional and business services .................. 9 15 8 30 40

Professional and technical services .............. 14 24 13 38 48

Administrative and waste services ................ 3 4 3 13 23

Education and health services ........................... 17 4 8 50 64

Educational services ...................................... 19 10 23 49 66

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 30 11 33 74 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 3 6 50 64

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6 – 6 18 25

Accommodation and food services ................ 5 – 5 16 25

Other services ................................................... 3 9 3 19 27

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 5 3 22 31

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 5 3 19 27

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 4 3 31 44

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 9 10 60 74

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9 7 6 52 67

500 workers or more .......................................... 30 13 15 73 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 9 10 39 52

New England ..................................................... 17 12 12 41 55

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 14 8 9 39 51

South ..................................................................... 10 6 5 43 52

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 6 5 45 55

East South Central ............................................ 7 3 1 36 50

West South Central ........................................... 9 6 5 42 48

Midwest ................................................................. 8 7 4 39 51

East North Central ............................................. 9 7 4 38 50

West North Central ............................................ 6 7 4 41 53

West ...................................................................... 9 6 8 35 48

Mountain ............................................................ 9 6 7 32 44

Pacific ................................................................ 10 5 8 36 50

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, 

March 2017

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.9 1.0 2.0 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.0 0.9 2.1 2.0

Service ................................................................... 0.9 0.1 0.8 1.1 1.7

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.3 5.7 7.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.3

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 1.0 0.4 1.6 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.9 – 0.7 1.9 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.6 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.7

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.6 0.3 2.0 2.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.6 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 0.7 0.9 1.8 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.5 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.6 0.3 0.7 1.4 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 1.9 1.2 2.3 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.9 0.4 1.4 1.6

Construction ...................................................... 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.7 1.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 1.2 0.4 1.3 2.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.5 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.7 1.5 0.6 2.1 2.6

Retail trade .................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.9 2.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.7 1.1 1.4 3.5 4.0

Utilities ........................................................... 3.1 – 2.6 4.9 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, 

March 2017—continued

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

Information ......................................................... 4.1 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.9 2.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.2 1.2 1.9 2.0 1.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.1 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 2.2 1.7 4.0 5.3

Professional and business services .................. 1.3 1.3 1.2 2.5 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.7 2.7 2.4 4.0 4.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.0 1.0 1.4 2.2 2.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 0.7 0.8 2.4 2.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 0.7 0.8 2.8 3.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.6 – 1.4 2.0 1.9

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.3 – 1.4 2.2 2.4

Other services ................................................... 1.1 2.3 0.9 2.8 3.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.1 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 0.8 0.7 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.9

New England ..................................................... 2.3 1.6 1.5 2.9 3.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 0.7 0.6 1.6 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 1.5 0.3 4.4 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 1.0 1.1 3.1 3.5

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.5 2.0 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 1.1 0.7 2.8 2.8

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 1.2 0.5 1.5 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 1.4 0.5 1.8 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.7

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 26 16 38 40 17 6 19

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 40 26 58 62 23 9 29

Management, business, and financial ............... 50 28 62 65 22 9 30

Professional and related .................................... 35 25 55 60 24 10 28

Service ................................................................... 10 7 20 20 11 4 8

Protective service .............................................. – – 26 30 8 5 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 30 16 36 39 15 5 23

Sales and related ............................................... 26 10 30 31 10 3 21

Office and administrative support ...................... 32 20 40 44 18 7 24

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 11 25 28 15 5 14

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 11 6 13 16 13 6 8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 23 15 36 39 18 4 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 21 17 38 39 17 5 15

Production ......................................................... 25 19 39 40 17 6 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 17 15 37 38 18 4 14

Full time ................................................................. 32 20 45 48 19 7 23

Part time ................................................................ 9 5 18 17 10 3 9

Union ..................................................................... 25 14 51 53 29 8 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 17 36 39 15 6 19

Average wage within the following categories:7

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 6 16 17 9 3 9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 5 11 11 8 1 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 24 15 35 37 16 6 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 32 21 46 49 20 8 23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 42 27 61 65 24 9 31

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 48 29 68 70 25 10 34

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 27 18 39 40 16 6 20

Construction ...................................................... 13 8 12 15 12 5 8

Manufacturing .................................................... 34 22 51 51 17 6 26

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 16 38 40 17 6 19

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 25 13 37 38 13 3 20

Wholesale trade ............................................. 23 18 40 44 14 5 15

Retail trade .................................................... 25 7 28 29 9 1 22

Transportation and warehousing ................... 25 24 54 55 24 7 19

Utilities ........................................................... 45 34 72 74 13 5 43

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Stock options

Total5 Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 8 2 1 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10 5 2 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 15 7 4 10

Professional and related .................................... 8 4 1 4

Service ................................................................... 3 6 ( ) 6 () 3

Protective service .............................................. 1 – – 1

Sales and office ..................................................... 10 3 2 8

Sales and related ............................................... 9 2 1 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 10 3 2 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 3 6 () 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2 – – 1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 8 4 – 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 9 1 1 8

Production ......................................................... 6 1 1 4

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 6 ( ) 1 12

Full time ................................................................. 9 3 1 7

Part time ................................................................ 5 1 6 () 5

Union ..................................................................... 12 4 1 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 2 1 6

Average wage within the following categories:7

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 1 6 () 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 – – 2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 1 1 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 9 3 1 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 13 6 3 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 15 8 3 8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 8 3 1 5

Construction ...................................................... 3 – – 2

Manufacturing .................................................... 11 5 2 6

Service-providing industries .................................. 8 2 1 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 11 2 1 10

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6 2 1 5

Retail trade .................................................... 9 2 1 8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 21 – – 20

Utilities ........................................................... 10 – – 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Information ......................................................... 52 26 79 79 24 4 49

Financial activities ............................................. 51 31 66 66 20 11 38

Finance and insurance .................................. 61 38 78 78 21 12 47

Credit intermediation and related activities 60 37 79 79 21 13 42

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 61 36 74 75 18 8 52

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 20 11 28 28 17 9 8

Professional and business services .................. 28 15 34 37 20 8 15

Professional and technical services .............. 39 19 44 48 22 12 25

Administrative and waste services ................ 11 9 15 16 16 6 4

Education and health services ........................... 27 23 47 51 23 9 22

Educational services ...................................... 29 25 56 58 34 16 26

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 43 36 80 83 46 21 40

Health care and social assistance ................. 26 23 45 50 22 8 21

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6 4 16 16 7 3 7

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 3 15 15 7 3 7

Other services ................................................... 14 9 14 16 – 5 6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 17 9 22 23 13 4 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 16 7 19 20 11 4 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 21 15 30 33 18 5 13

100 workers or more .............................................. 36 25 57 60 21 8 31

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 34 20 47 49 19 8 26

500 workers or more .......................................... 40 34 73 77 25 9 39

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 24 15 39 42 19 8 20

New England ..................................................... 25 14 42 48 18 8 20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 23 15 38 40 20 8 20

South ..................................................................... 23 19 37 39 16 6 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 24 17 37 39 17 7 22

East South Central ............................................ 24 19 31 34 14 5 19

West South Central ........................................... 22 22 40 41 15 3 20

Midwest ................................................................. 30 19 41 43 18 5 18

East North Central ............................................. 29 17 41 42 19 5 18

West North Central ............................................ 32 23 40 44 14 5 18

West ...................................................................... 27 11 35 37 15 6 18

Mountain ............................................................ 27 10 33 35 12 2 20

Pacific ................................................................ 26 11 35 38 16 8 17

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Stock options

Total5 Performance Signing Other

Information ......................................................... 35 21 – 15

Financial activities ............................................. 19 8 7 17

Finance and insurance .................................. 23 11 9 21

Credit intermediation and related activities 27 13 12 25

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 18 6 3 14

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6 – – 6

Professional and business services .................. 7 2 1 5

Professional and technical services .............. 7 4 – 5

Administrative and waste services ................ 5 – – 4

Education and health services ........................... 2 6 ( ) 6 () –

Educational services ...................................... – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2 6 () – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4 – – 3

Accommodation and food services ................ 4 – – 4

Other services ................................................... 2 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 1 4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 2 1 4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 2 1 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 11 3 2 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9 3 1 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 15 5 2 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 8 2 2 6

New England ..................................................... 6 2 1 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 8 2 2 6

South ..................................................................... 7 2 1 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 8 2 1 6

East South Central ............................................ 9 1 1 7

West South Central ........................................... 6 2 1 4

Midwest ................................................................. 8 2 1 7

East North Central ............................................. 8 2 1 7

West North Central ............................................ 8 2 6 () 7

West ...................................................................... 10 4 2 7

Mountain ............................................................ 9 3 1 7

Pacific ................................................................ 10 5 2 6

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 4 An individual retirement plan that can be sponsored by the employer, but with no employer contributions. 

The employee establishes either a traditional (with tax-deductible contributions) or Roth (contributions are made

post-tax but accumulate tax-free until retirement) IRA plan with a financial institution, and authorizes the payroll

deduction by the employer. 5 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have

access to more than one type of stock option. 6 Less than 0.5. 7 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.0 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.4 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.5 2.0

Service ................................................................... 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – – 5.6 6.3 2.6 2.3 3.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.4 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.4 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.7 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.6 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.1 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 0.7 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.5 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.8 0.5 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 1.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.5 0.8 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 1.7 2.3 2.4 1.9 0.8 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.2

Construction ...................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.6 0.8 1.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.2 1.3 1.3

Retail trade .................................................... 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.2 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.3 3.1 5.0 5.2 2.8 1.5 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 6.3 3.6 7.5 6.2 2.9 1.4 4.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.8 0.4 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.6

Service ................................................................... 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.8

Protective service .............................................. 0.4 – – 0.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.5 – – 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 0.8 – 0.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 0.3 0.1 1.0

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 0.2 0.2 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.8 0.2 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 – – 0.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.2 0.6 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.7

Construction ...................................................... 0.8 – – 0.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 1.0 0.6 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.9

Retail trade .................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.6 – – 3.5

Utilities ........................................................... 2.2 – – 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Information ......................................................... 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.3 0.8 3.7

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.4 2.6 2.3 1.2 1.2 2.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 2.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.6 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.1 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.8 2.8 6.0 5.3 3.4 2.3 2.5

Professional and business services .................. 2.5 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.1 1.8

Professional and technical services .............. 4.3 3.6 4.0 4.2 4.0 2.1 3.3

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.4 1.7 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.2 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 1.6 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.0 2.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.1 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.9 3.7 2.8 1.8 3.5 2.0 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.4 1.9 3.1 3.6 2.8 2.2 2.8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.8 1.2 0.8 1.7

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.9

Other services ................................................... 1.9 1.7 2.5 2.6 – 2.1 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.3 1.7 0.9 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.9

New England ..................................................... 1.3 1.6 2.5 3.3 3.7 2.1 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.2 2.3

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.5 1.6 2.2 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 5.1 1.6 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.2 4.7

West South Central ........................................... 3.1 1.5 2.6 3.0 1.1 0.5 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.4 0.5 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.2 2.1 1.7 2.0 0.6 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 2.2 3.2 2.9 1.4 0.7 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.6 0.7 1.5 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 3.3 1.6 1.6 2.9 2.1 0.8 2.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 0.8 2.0 2.0 2.9 2.1 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

Information ......................................................... 4.9 3.8 – 2.6

Financial activities ............................................. 1.4 0.8 0.8 1.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.9 1.1 0.5 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.1 – – 2.2

Professional and business services .................. 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.8

Professional and technical services .............. 1.5 0.9 – 1.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.6 – – 1.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 0.1 0.1 –

Educational services ...................................... – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 0.1 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.3 – – 1.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.4 – – 1.4

Other services ................................................... 0.8 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 0.5 0.2 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.8 0.5 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.4 0.3 1.0

New England ..................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.4 1.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 0.6 0.3 1.1

South ..................................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.6

East South Central ............................................ 1.0 0.4 0.5 1.9

West South Central ........................................... 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 1.4 0.4 0.1 1.0

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 0.6 6 ( ) 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.9

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 4 An individual retirement plan that can be sponsored by the employer, but with no employer contributions. 

The employee establishes either a traditional (with tax-deductible contributions) or Roth (contributions are made

post-tax but accumulate tax-free until retirement) IRA plan with a financial institution, and authorizes the payroll

deduction by the employer. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 6 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, private industry workers,

 March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 17 15 13

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 28 23 20

Management, business, and financial ............... 33 27 24

Professional and related .................................... 25 21 19

Service ................................................................... 7 5 4

Protective service .............................................. 6 – 4

Sales and office ..................................................... 17 14 13

Sales and related ............................................... 13 9 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 20 17 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 11 13 13

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 6 8 8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 16 19 18

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 17 15

Production ......................................................... 14 15 14

Transportation and material moving .................. 13 19 16

Full time ................................................................. 20 18 16

Part time ................................................................ 6 5 5

Union ..................................................................... 23 42 36

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 12 11

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6 4 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 2 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 10 9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 19 18 17

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 33 30 27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 39 32 30

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15 17 15

Construction ...................................................... 3 6 7

Manufacturing .................................................... 21 21 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 14 13

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 14 15 13

Wholesale trade ............................................. 16 10 7

Retail trade .................................................... 10 8 7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 21 35 33

Utilities ........................................................... 43 60 54

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, private industry workers,

 March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

Information ......................................................... 48 47 43

Financial activities ............................................. 40 39 37

Finance and insurance .................................. 50 50 48

Credit intermediation and related activities 52 53 52

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 45 44 42

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 10 5 3

Professional and business services .................. 18 12 10

Professional and technical services .............. 25 13 12

Administrative and waste services ................ 6 6 3

Education and health services ........................... 17 13 11

Educational services ...................................... 32 28 31

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 54 44 46

Health care and social assistance ................. 15 11 8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6 2 2

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 2 2

Other services ................................................... 7 8 7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 7 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 6 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 13 10 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 26 24 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 16 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 37 38 32

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17 15 15

New England ..................................................... 17 13 12

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17 16 16

South ..................................................................... 18 16 13

South Atlantic .................................................... 19 17 13

East South Central ............................................ 15 17 14

West South Central ........................................... 17 16 14

Midwest ................................................................. 15 14 13

East North Central ............................................. 16 14 13

West North Central ............................................ 13 14 13

West ...................................................................... 16 13 11

Mountain ............................................................ 16 10 9

Pacific ................................................................ 15 14 13

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.1 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.1 1.7 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.3 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.1 0.6 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 – 1.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.0 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 0.9 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 0.8 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.1 1.2 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 1.3 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.3 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.4 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 2.1 2.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.6 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.9 0.5 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.7 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.4 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.2 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.2 1.3

Construction ...................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.1

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.9 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.5 1.8 1.3

Retail trade .................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.0 3.0 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 4.9 7.1 5.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

Information ......................................................... 4.0 3.0 2.7

Financial activities ............................................. 2.0 1.9 1.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.9 2.1 2.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.7 2.6 2.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.1 3.4 3.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.6 1.5 1.2

Professional and business services .................. 1.8 1.5 1.4

Professional and technical services .............. 3.2 2.7 2.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.0 2.0 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.2 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 2.1 4.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 2.9 2.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 1.4 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.9 0.7 0.7

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.0 0.7 0.9

Other services ................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.4 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.4 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.7 1.1 1.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.9 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.8 2.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 0.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 1.9 1.6 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.6

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 1.3 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.8 1.8 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 1.9 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.9 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 1.0 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 1.8 2.2

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.0 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.4 1.1

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 38 6 3 11 6 4 1 6 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 7 5 14 5 7 2 8 14

Management, business, and financial ............... 53 10 5 19 5 6 1 8 15

Professional and related .................................... 44 6 4 12 5 7 2 9 13

Service ................................................................... 23 1 1 5 7 2 – 5 6

Protective service .............................................. – 3 – – – 2 – 1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 41 9 3 11 6 3 1 6 8

Sales and related ............................................... 34 12 1 8 5 2 1 3 5

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 8 4 14 6 4 1 8 9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 6 2 13 10 3 1 4 10

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 32 3 1 14 11 – – 1 5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 10 3 11 10 4 1 7 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 39 7 2 9 6 3 1 5 14

Production ......................................................... 43 10 2 11 7 3 1 5 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 36 5 1 8 6 4 – 5 13

Full time ................................................................. 44 7 4 13 7 5 1 6 13

Part time ................................................................ 21 3 1 5 5 1 1 5 4

Union ..................................................................... 34 9 5 4 2 6 1 7 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 6 3 11 7 4 1 6 9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 3 1 5 7 1 2 5 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 19 1 1 5 6 1 4 () 3 4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 38 6 2 10 8 3 1 5 9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 7 3 14 6 5 1 6 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 50 10 6 15 4 7 1 8 16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 52 10 6 16 3 8 1 8 18

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 47 10 3 14 9 4 1 3 14

Construction ...................................................... 37 3 – 16 13 1 – 2 4

Manufacturing .................................................... 52 13 3 13 7 5 1 4 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 6 3 10 6 4 1 6 9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 36 11 1 7 6 2 1 4 8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 42 7 2 14 8 5 1 3 10

Retail trade .................................................... 33 13 1 5 6 1 1 5 3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 40 8 – 4 5 3 – 4 21

Utilities ........................................................... 46 – 6 14 – 6 – – 21

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

Information ......................................................... 74 22 11 19 2 18 – 28 29

Financial activities ............................................. 65 13 7 23 5 3 2 9 17

Finance and insurance .................................. 72 16 8 24 5 3 2 11 20

Credit intermediation and related activities 71 15 6 21 4 3 1 12 21

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 72 16 14 25 6 2 4 11 20

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 42 – – 21 6 – – – 8

Professional and business services .................. 40 4 4 15 5 3 1 7 9

Professional and technical services .............. 56 8 6 24 8 5 2 6 12

Administrative and waste services ................ 24 1 – 5 3 2 – 7 5

Education and health services ........................... 35 1 2 8 7 6 3 10 9

Educational services ...................................... 17 – 2 3 1 9 – 2 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 18 – 3 – 2 11 – 3 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 38 1 – 9 8 6 4 11 10

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 18 – 2 4 6 – – 2 5

Accommodation and food services ................ 18 – 2 5 5 – – 2 6

Other services ................................................... 25 2 – 7 7 3 – 3 5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 35 3 1 13 9 2 1 3 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 34 3 1 14 9 2 1 3 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 36 4 2 10 7 3 – 6 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 43 10 4 8 4 5 2 9 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 40 9 4 7 5 5 2 8 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 46 11 6 9 2 6 2 9 19

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 38 4 3 14 3 5 1 6 9

New England ..................................................... 35 6 3 14 2 5 1 6 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 38 4 3 14 4 6 1 6 10

South ..................................................................... 42 6 4 11 9 2 1 6 12

South Atlantic .................................................... 41 6 4 11 9 3 2 7 12

East South Central ............................................ 41 6 – 11 9 2 – 6 13

West South Central ........................................... 43 7 4 12 10 2 1 5 13

Midwest ................................................................. 38 8 3 10 5 3 1 6 10

East North Central ............................................. 38 8 3 10 7 3 1 6 10

West North Central ............................................ 36 8 3 9 2 4 2 6 11

West ...................................................................... 34 6 2 8 6 5 – 6 8

Mountain ............................................................ 37 6 2 12 7 3 1 4 8

Pacific ................................................................ 32 6 2 6 5 6 – 6 7

1 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 0.9 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.4

Service ................................................................... 2.0 0.1 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.4 – 1.2 0.9

Protective service .............................................. – 1.3 – – – 1.2 – 0.4 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 0.9 0.5 1.3 2.0 – – 0.4 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 1.0 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.8 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.9 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.2 1.3 1.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 0.8 0.4 1.3 0.9 0.6 – 0.8 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 1.0 1.8 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.5 1.9 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.9 1.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 1.2 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.1

Construction ...................................................... 1.5 1.1 – 1.7 1.6 0.6 – 0.6 0.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.7 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.6 1.7 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.9 1.2

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.4 1.3 – 1.5 1.8 1.1 – 1.8 2.9

Utilities ........................................................... 5.5 – 1.9 2.7 – 2.1 – – 3.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

Information ......................................................... 3.5 3.1 2.5 2.7 0.7 2.8 – 3.8 2.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.1 1.7 1.4 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.4 1.4 1.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.9 1.8 2.4 1.9 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.3 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.3 – – 4.2 2.3 – – – 2.0

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 0.8 0.4 1.8 0.8 1.0 0.4 1.0 1.3

Professional and technical services .............. 3.8 1.6 0.9 2.8 1.4 2.2 0.7 1.6 2.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.5 0.6 – 1.6 0.8 0.5 – 1.1 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 2.8 0.2 1.1 1.4 2.0 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 2.2 – 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.5 – 0.6 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 – 0.6 – 0.7 1.5 – 0.7 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.3 0.3 – 1.6 2.3 1.2 1.6 2.0 1.9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.8 – 0.6 1.5 0.9 – – 0.6 1.3

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.0 – 0.7 1.7 0.9 – – 0.6 1.6

Other services ................................................... 3.0 0.7 – 1.5 1.7 1.4 – 1.2 1.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 0.6 0.5 1.5 1.2 0.6 – 0.9 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.9 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.6 0.7 0.5 2.6 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.0 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.2 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 0.4 – 1.7 1.3 0.6 – 1.5 2.1

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.9 0.2 1.2 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.2 0.3 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.5 1.5 0.8 1.7 1.9

West ...................................................................... 2.1 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 – 1.2 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 2.7 0.2 0.4 1.5 2.1 1.1 0.2 1.3 0.6

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 0.9 0.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 – 1.6 0.9

1 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, private industry

workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 11 10 39 35

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 17 17 57 51

Management, business, and financial ............... 19 20 62 57

Professional and related .................................... 16 15 54 48

Service ................................................................... 4 4 21 18

Protective service .............................................. 6 6 29 26

Sales and office ..................................................... 10 10 42 38

Sales and related ............................................... 6 6 36 32

Office and administrative support ...................... 13 13 46 42

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9 7 28 24

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 7 6 17 19

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 12 8 39 29

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 10 33 30

Production ......................................................... 8 7 31 29

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 12 35 30

Full time ................................................................. 13 12 47 42

Part time ................................................................ 5 5 17 16

Union ..................................................................... 33 28 58 44

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 9 37 34

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 3 17 16

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 2 8 7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 8 37 35

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 11 45 40

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 22 21 61 53

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 23 23 69 62

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 9 34 32

Construction ...................................................... 5 6 17 20

Manufacturing .................................................... 11 10 43 38

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 11 39 35

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 9 9 40 35

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6 5 35 32

Retail trade .................................................... 6 6 37 33

Transportation and warehousing ................... 19 18 53 44

Utilities ........................................................... 37 33 60 55

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, private industry

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

Information ......................................................... 35 20 82 44

Financial activities ............................................. 29 28 64 61

Finance and insurance .................................. 36 35 73 69

Credit intermediation and related activities 38 36 73 69

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 33 31 70 65

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4 5 35 35

Professional and business services .................. 9 11 37 37

Professional and technical services .............. 10 12 51 53

Administrative and waste services ................ 5 5 19 19

Education and health services ........................... 10 11 43 39

Educational services ...................................... 12 12 53 43

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 17 17 70 55

Health care and social assistance ................. 10 10 42 38

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3 4 20 17

Accommodation and food services ................ 3 3 19 16

Other services ................................................... 9 9 21 21

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 5 26 25

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 5 24 23

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 6 32 31

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 17 54 47

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 12 12 47 44

500 workers or more .......................................... 25 24 64 51

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 16 44 38

New England ..................................................... 11 12 42 38

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 16 17 44 38

South ..................................................................... 10 10 34 31

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 11 36 32

East South Central ............................................ 8 7 33 30

West South Central ........................................... 9 8 32 31

Midwest ................................................................. 7 7 28 23

East North Central ............................................. 6 6 28 22

West North Central ............................................ 9 9 28 25

West ...................................................................... 11 11 53 50

Mountain ............................................................ 8 8 43 39

Pacific ................................................................ 13 13 58 56

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.9 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 2.7 6.6 6.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 0.9 1.9 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.4 1.3 2.3 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.7

Construction ...................................................... 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.4 1.3 2.2 2.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.4 1.0 2.1 2.2

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.8 3.1 4.1 3.4

Utilities ........................................................... 5.6 6.0 5.4 5.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

private industry workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

Information ......................................................... 4.0 2.7 2.9 4.4

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.6 2.8 2.4 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.3 1.4 4.7 3.8

Professional and business services .................. 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1

Professional and technical services .............. 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.6 1.6 2.5 2.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.4 2.2 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.7 3.1 2.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.3 2.3 2.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 1.7 2.5 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.7 0.7 2.6 2.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.6 0.6 2.7 2.6

Other services ................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.9 3.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.3 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.4 1.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.0 2.3 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.3

New England ..................................................... 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.9

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.9 2.3

East South Central ............................................ 1.6 0.9 4.8 4.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 1.4 2.1 2.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.6 1.3 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.3 2.7 2.2

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.3 2.1 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.8 4.5 4.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.4

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 58 9 8 24 54 13 1 31

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 78 9 4 9 75 12 1 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 85 10 1 3 84 12 1 () 4

Professional and related .................................... 74 8 6 12 70 12 1 17

Service ................................................................... 30 9 12 50 27 12 2 60

Protective service .............................................. 37 – – 35 36 – – 45

Sales and office ..................................................... 57 9 13 21 52 14 2 32

Sales and related ............................................... 46 8 21 25 40 14 2 44

Office and administrative support ...................... 65 9 7 19 60 14 2 24

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 59 14 4 23 52 20 1 26

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 52 13 6 29 43 22 2 33

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 65 15 3 18 61 19 1 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 65 9 5 20 61 14 1 24

Production ......................................................... 71 10 3 16 67 14 1 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 60 8 7 24 55 13 1 30

Full time ................................................................. 74 12 3 11 70 15 1 13

Part time ................................................................ 16 3 22 60 10 8 2 80

Union ..................................................................... 89 4 2 4 83 11 1 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 55 10 9 26 51 14 1 34

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 25 8 17 50 20 13 2 65

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 15 7 18 60 12 10 2 76

Second 25 percent ............................................ 59 11 7 23 56 15 1 28

Third 25 percent ................................................ 74 11 4 11 70 15 1 15

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 85 7 2 5 82 11 1 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 87 7 3 4 84 9 1 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 73 12 2 13 69 16 1 15

Construction ...................................................... 51 16 5 28 41 26 1 32

Manufacturing .................................................... 83 10 1 6 82 11 1 7

Service-providing industries .................................. 55 9 9 27 51 13 1 35

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 60 7 15 18 51 15 2 31

Wholesale trade ............................................. 73 13 4 10 69 17 2 13

Retail trade .................................................... 48 6 24 23 37 17 3 43

Transportation and warehousing ................... 79 4 4 13 72 – – 16

Utilities ........................................................... 96 – – – 95 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 17 50 1 32 54 13 8 25

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 25 61 1 ( ) 13 74 13 4 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 28 67 – – 83 12 1 3

Professional and related .................................... 23 59 1 ( ) 18 69 13 5 13

Service ................................................................... 6 32 1 61 27 12 11 50

Protective service .............................................. – 30 – 58 34 7 23 37

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 52 2 33 54 11 12 22

Sales and related ............................................... 9 45 2 44 43 11 20 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 56 1 25 62 12 7 19

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 51 – 27 53 19 4 24

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 42 – 35 43 22 6 30

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 20 59 – 21 62 17 3 18

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 22 53 1 25 58 16 5 20

Production ......................................................... 21 60 – 19 68 13 3 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 23 46 1 30 49 20 7 24

Full time ................................................................. 21 64 1 ( ) 15 70 16 3 11

Part time ................................................................ 6 13 2 79 12 6 21 61

Union ..................................................................... 70 24 1 5 54 40 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 12 53 1 34 54 11 9 27

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 29 2 66 22 10 17 51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3 19 1 77 13 9 17 61

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 58 1 29 55 15 6 23

Third 25 percent ................................................ 23 62 1 ( ) 15 69 16 4 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 35 58 1 ( ) 8 80 12 2 5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 35 59 – – 82 11 3 4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 25 60 – – 69 16 2 13

Construction ...................................................... – 50 – 33 43 24 5 29

Manufacturing .................................................... 28 64 – 8 80 12 1 6

Service-providing industries .................................. 16 48 1 35 51 13 9 27

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 16 51 2 31 52 15 14 19

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 75 – 14 71 15 4 10

Retail trade .................................................... 10 43 4 43 41 12 22 24

Transportation and warehousing ................... 33 50 – – 60 23 3 14

Utilities ........................................................... 76 23 – – 96 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Information ......................................................... 87 6 2 5 88 – – 6

Financial activities ............................................. 80 8 4 8 81 8 1 11

Finance and insurance .................................. 89 3 3 5 89 4 1 6

Credit intermediation and related activities 91 3 2 3 92 3 1 4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 85 3 4 8 84 4 2 10

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 50 23 8 18 54 – – 26

Professional and business services .................. 53 12 8 27 51 14 2 33

Professional and technical services .............. 70 12 6 12 67 – – 17

Administrative and waste services ................ 28 14 10 48 27 15 4 54

Education and health services ........................... 66 8 7 20 61 12 1 25

Educational services ...................................... 69 5 2 23 66 – – 24

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 87 3 1 9 87 – – 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 65 8 7 19 60 13 1 26

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 23 9 10 58 20 – – 68

Accommodation and food services ................ 21 9 10 60 19 – – 69

Other services ................................................... 38 10 10 42 33 – – 51

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 43 12 10 35 39 16 1 43

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 39 13 10 39 34 17 1 47

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 56 11 10 23 53 14 1 32

100 workers or more .............................................. 77 5 6 12 72 10 1 16

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 71 7 8 14 65 13 2 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 3 4 7 84 5 1 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 60 8 8 24 55 13 1 31

New England ..................................................... 61 6 10 23 55 12 2 31

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 60 9 7 24 55 14 1 30

South ..................................................................... 58 10 9 23 56 12 2 31

South Atlantic .................................................... 59 8 9 24 56 11 1 32

East South Central ............................................ 61 – – 22 54 17 1 28

West South Central ........................................... 55 12 10 23 57 10 2 31

Midwest ................................................................. 61 7 9 22 57 11 1 31

East North Central ............................................. 61 8 9 22 57 12 1 30

West North Central ............................................ 62 5 9 23 58 10 1 31

West ...................................................................... 54 12 6 28 47 19 1 33

Mountain ............................................................ 56 9 7 27 50 15 1 33

Pacific ................................................................ 53 13 6 29 45 20 1 33

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Information ......................................................... 38 56 – – 87 6 2 5

Financial activities ............................................. 38 50 1 ( ) 12 79 9 4 8

Finance and insurance .................................. 47 45 1 ( ) 7 89 4 3 5

Credit intermediation and related activities 47 48 1 5 91 4 2 3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 47 41 – – 85 3 4 8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 7 66 – 26 50 24 8 18

Professional and business services .................. – 52 – 35 52 14 8 27

Professional and technical services .............. – 68 – 18 70 12 6 12

Administrative and waste services ................ 5 37 – 58 27 15 10 48

Education and health services ........................... 17 56 1 ( ) 26 61 13 7 20

Educational services ...................................... – 59 – 25 60 15 2 23

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 16 74 – – 83 7 1 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 56 1 ( ) 26 61 13 7 19

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3 28 1 ( ) 68 21 11 10 59

Accommodation and food services ................ – 28 – 70 19 11 10 60

Other services ................................................... – 39 – 51 34 14 8 43

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8 47 1 44 41 15 10 35

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 45 1 ( ) 48 37 14 10 39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 13 54 1 32 51 16 9 24

100 workers or more .............................................. 28 54 1 17 70 12 6 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 59 1 21 65 13 8 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 42 46 1 10 79 10 3 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 21 47 1 31 54 14 8 24

New England ..................................................... – 48 – 33 57 10 10 24

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 22 47 1 30 54 15 7 24

South ..................................................................... 16 51 1 32 55 13 9 24

South Atlantic .................................................... 19 48 1 32 55 12 9 24

East South Central ............................................ – 57 – 29 58 12 8 22

West South Central ........................................... 14 53 1 33 52 14 10 23

Midwest ................................................................. 18 50 1 31 58 11 9 22

East North Central ............................................. 19 50 1 31 57 12 9 22

West North Central ............................................ – 51 – 32 59 9 9 23

West ...................................................................... 15 51 1 34 50 16 6 29

Mountain ............................................................ 11 55 1 34 53 12 7 28

Pacific ................................................................ 17 49 1 34 48 17 5 29

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.2 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.8 1.5 0.1 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.3 0.2 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.9 0.8 1.4 2.3 1.4 1.1 0.4 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 5.6 – – 5.3 4.6 – – 3.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.1 1.3

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.2 0.3 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.2 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 0.5 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 2.4 1.6 3.0 2.7 2.4 1.0 3.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 1.9 0.6 1.9 2.0 1.6 0.2 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.8 1.1 0.2 1.3

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.4 0.9 2.0 2.6 1.4 0.2 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.1 0.3 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 0.4 1.5 1.7 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.9 0.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.3 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.3 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.2 2.5 2.7 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.2 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.3 0.7 0.8 2.1 1.6 0.3 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.2 1.0

Construction ...................................................... 2.2 2.1 0.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 0.4 2.5

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.2 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.2 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 2.1 0.9 2.0 2.3 1.6 0.6 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.4 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.6 0.9 1.3 2.8 4.4 – – 3.4

Utilities ........................................................... 2.1 – – – 2.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.3 0.1 1.0 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.0 2.0 – – 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.6 0.1 1.3 2.0 1.4 0.6 1.1

Service ................................................................... 0.7 1.4 0.1 1.7 1.7 0.9 1.4 2.3

Protective service .............................................. – 5.2 – 4.9 5.1 2.2 4.6 5.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 1.3 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.6 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 1.6 0.3 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 1.7 0.2 1.7 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 2.0 – 1.8 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 3.3 – 3.1 2.9 2.8 1.5 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.7 2.4 – 1.9 2.3 1.8 0.6 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.4 0.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 2.1 – 2.1 2.3 1.5 0.9 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 1.6 0.3 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.1 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.9 1 ( ) 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.3 1.3 2.7 2.8 0.5 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 1.1 0.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 1.8 0.3 2.0 1.7 1.3 2.5 2.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.4 0.1 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 1.1 0.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.5 1 ( ) 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.3 – – 1.9 1.5 0.7 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.6 – – 0.9 1.1 0.5 1.0

Construction ...................................................... – 2.6 – 2.4 2.0 2.3 0.9 2.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 2.2 – 1.2 1.6 1.5 0.4 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.9 0.1 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 2.2 – 1.9 1.8 2.3 0.9 2.0

Retail trade .................................................... 0.9 1.5 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.2 3.4 – – 4.8 3.4 1.3 2.9

Utilities ........................................................... 6.0 6.2 – – 2.1 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Information ......................................................... 2.9 2.3 0.7 1.1 2.4 – – 1.4

Financial activities ............................................. 1.9 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.3 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 0.9 0.7 1.7 1.9 0.8 0.7 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.8 5.2 2.2 3.4 4.8 – – 3.6

Professional and business services .................. 2.9 1.6 1.4 2.3 2.2 1.3 0.5 2.1

Professional and technical services .............. 4.2 2.6 1.9 2.4 3.9 – – 3.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.3 1.8 2.8 3.9 2.5 1.8 0.9 3.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 1.2 0.8 2.2 2.5 1.3 0.2 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 4.3 1.9 1.1 3.0 3.2 – – 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 1.1 0.6 1.6 2.2 – – 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 1.2 0.9 2.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.5 1.5 1.9 3.1 2.0 – – 2.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.8 1.5 2.1 3.6 2.1 – – 2.5

Other services ................................................... 3.5 2.3 2.2 3.3 3.2 – – 3.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 1.3 1.2 2.4 2.5 1.4 0.2 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.4 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.2 1.3 2.9 2.6 2.1 0.7 0.8 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 1.6 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.9 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 0.9 0.3 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 1.2 1.1 1.6 2.1 1.1 0.3 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 – – 2.1 2.0 4.1 0.3 4.6

West South Central ........................................... 4.7 1.2 2.3 2.8 3.2 1.1 0.8 3.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.5 1.1 2.3 1.9 0.8 0.2 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 0.6 1.6 2.7 1.8 1.0 0.3 2.0

West North Central ............................................ 3.7 0.8 0.5 4.4 4.6 1.2 0.2 4.2

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.8 2.3 1.9 0.2 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 1.3 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.8 0.4 1.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Information ......................................................... 4.5 4.3 – – 2.9 2.4 0.7 1.1

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 2.2 0.1 1.1 1.9 1.5 0.5 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.2 2.0 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.1 3.2 0.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.6 2.6 – – 1.7 0.9 0.7 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.7 4.1 – 3.4 5.6 5.2 2.2 3.4

Professional and business services .................. – 2.2 – 2.1 2.7 1.6 1.4 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. – 3.0 – 3.0 4.1 2.6 1.9 2.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.9 3.4 – 3.3 3.4 1.8 2.8 3.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 2.0 0.2 2.4 2.5 1.4 0.8 2.1

Educational services ...................................... – 3.0 – 2.9 4.1 2.3 1.1 3.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.8 – – 1.9 1.3 0.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 2.4 0.2 2.7 2.7 1.5 0.9 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.9 1.8 0.1 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.9 3.1

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2.1 – 2.4 2.5 1.5 2.1 3.6

Other services ................................................... – 4.0 – 3.4 3.5 2.2 2.0 3.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 1.3 0.1 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.6 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 2.4 0.3 2.3 2.7 1.6 1.2 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.3 0.2 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.7 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.9 0.1 1.5 1.7 1.0 0.6 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.3 0.2 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.3

New England ..................................................... – 2.9 – 2.0 2.1 1.4 2.9 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.2

South ..................................................................... 0.8 1.5 0.1 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 1.3 1 ( ) 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.1 1.6

East South Central ............................................ – 3.2 – 4.0 3.3 2.0 2.4 2.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 3.8 0.1 3.9 4.5 1.2 2.2 2.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.5 0.1 1.9 1.4 0.9 1.2 2.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.9 0.2 2.0 1.7 1.0 1.7 2.8

West North Central ............................................ – 2.0 – 4.0 2.5 1.9 0.6 4.5

West ...................................................................... 1.4 2.1 0.2 1.5 1.8 1.3 0.7 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 0.7 2.1 0.2 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 2.9 0.3 2.0 2.4 1.7 0.8 2.0

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, private

industry workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

All workers ............................................................. 64 72

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 84 86

Management, business, and financial ............... 92 96

Professional and related .................................... 80 81

Service ................................................................... 38 43

Protective service .............................................. 45 53

Sales and office ..................................................... 70 76

Sales and related ............................................... 59 67

Office and administrative support ...................... 77 83

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 57 73

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 41 56

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 71 89

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 60 79

Production ......................................................... 60 86

Transportation and material moving .................. 61 73

Full time ................................................................. 78 88

Part time ................................................................ 25 28

Union ..................................................................... 77 86

Nonunion ............................................................... 63 70

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 35 42

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 26 32

Second 25 percent ............................................ 66 78

Third 25 percent ................................................ 77 86

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 87 90

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 89 91

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 64 85

Construction ...................................................... 46 62

Manufacturing .................................................... 73 95

Service-providing industries .................................. 64 69

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 66 76

Wholesale trade ............................................. 79 89

Retail trade .................................................... 57 68

Transportation and warehousing ................... 73 84

Utilities ........................................................... 97 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, private

industry workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Information ......................................................... 95 95

Financial activities ............................................. 91 93

Finance and insurance .................................. 95 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 95 98

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 94 95

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 80 82

Professional and business services .................. 66 72

Professional and technical services .............. 85 89

Administrative and waste services ................ 42 49

Education and health services ........................... 74 76

Educational services ...................................... 55 53

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 71 71

Health care and social assistance ................. 77 80

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 27 30

Accommodation and food services ................ 25 29

Other services ................................................... 56 61

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 54 63

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 53 62

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 58 67

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 82

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 71 79

500 workers or more .......................................... 84 88

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 67 72

New England ..................................................... 65 69

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 68 73

South ..................................................................... 64 74

South Atlantic .................................................... 64 74

East South Central ............................................ 64 78

West South Central ........................................... 63 73

Midwest ................................................................. 62 71

East North Central ............................................. 61 72

West North Central ............................................ 62 70

West ...................................................................... 64 68

Mountain ............................................................ 59 68

Pacific ................................................................ 66 68

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.5

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 6.0 8.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.6 3.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 1.4

Production ......................................................... 2.6 1.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 1.3

Construction ...................................................... 1.6 2.4

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.5 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.5 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.1 1.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.5 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.3 3.4

Utilities ........................................................... 1.0 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Information ......................................................... 1.5 1.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.0 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.8 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.2 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.1 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.2 3.0

Professional and business services .................. 2.2 1.9

Professional and technical services .............. 2.6 2.2

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.0 3.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.5 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 3.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.5 2.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.8 2.6

Other services ................................................... 3.7 2.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.4

New England ..................................................... 2.3 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.6

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.4 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 2.0 3.2

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 3.7

Midwest ................................................................. 2.5 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 6.3 4.7

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 91 80 88 86 74 86 37 16 44

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 94 81 86 89 75 85 39 16 40

Professional and related .................................... 93 80 86 88 75 85 39 15 39

Teachers ........................................................ 94 81 86 91 77 85 37 13 34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 86 87 99 85 87 32 8 26

Service ................................................................... 84 76 90 78 69 89 31 16 50

Protective service .............................................. 92 86 94 89 81 91 33 18 52

Sales and office ..................................................... 91 80 88 85 73 86 37 18 49

Office and administrative support ...................... 92 81 88 86 74 86 37 18 49

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 97 89 91 90 81 90 39 21 53

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 90 80 89 87 77 89 27 12 46

Full time ................................................................. 99 87 88 94 81 86 40 18 44

Part time ................................................................ 46 39 84 40 35 87 16 7 42

Union ..................................................................... 97 83 86 94 80 85 34 12 36

Nonunion ............................................................... 86 77 89 79 69 88 39 19 50

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 78 68 87 71 62 88 30 13 44

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 67 58 87 58 51 88 25 12 47

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 83 88 88 77 87 39 18 48

Third 25 percent ................................................ 98 86 88 93 81 86 38 18 46

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 97 84 87 92 78 85 41 16 39

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 96 82 85 91 75 83 45 17 38

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 91 80 88 86 74 86 37 16 44

Education and health services ........................... 93 79 85 88 74 84 38 14 38

Educational services ...................................... 93 79 86 90 76 85 35 12 33

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 93 80 86 92 79 86 27 7 26

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 92 76 83 83 66 79 59 25 43

Health care and social assistance ................. 93 78 83 73 60 82 55 31 56

Hospitals .................................................... 93 77 83 69 56 81 59 36 61

Public administration ......................................... 91 84 92 87 78 90 36 19 52

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 87 79 90 83 75 90 28 12 43

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 85 78 91 81 73 91 25 11 46

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 90 80 89 85 76 89 30 12 40

100 workers or more .............................................. 93 80 87 87 74 85 40 18 44

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 91 81 90 87 77 89 30 13 43

500 workers or more .......................................... 93 80 86 87 72 84 44 20 45

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 96 83 87 91 76 84 49 21 43

Local government .................................................. 90 79 88 84 74 87 33 15 44

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 91 80 88 87 76 88 31 9 28

New England ..................................................... 86 68 80 78 64 83 15 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 84 90 90 80 89 36 8 23

South ..................................................................... 94 83 89 89 78 88 42 17 41

South Atlantic .................................................... 92 79 87 88 74 85 57 21 38

East South Central ............................................ 94 85 91 89 81 91 39 19 48

West South Central ........................................... 97 87 90 90 81 90 21 10 47

Midwest ................................................................. 90 76 85 83 69 84 41 17 42

East North Central ............................................. 88 74 84 82 68 83 47 17 36

West North Central ............................................ 92 80 87 84 72 86 30 17 57

West ...................................................................... 89 78 88 84 71 85 29 20 68

Mountain ............................................................ 86 78 91 77 67 87 34 25 74

Pacific ................................................................ 90 79 87 86 73 84 28 18 64

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in

at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 2.5

Service ................................................................... 1.8 2.1 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.0 1.7 1.3 2.9

Protective service .............................................. 1.6 1.8 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.9 1.9 4.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.4 2.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 2.1 1.4 2.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 3.3 2.2 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.7 2.2 2.0 3.0 2.3 2.4 3.1 2.5 6.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.3

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.4 2.0 0.9 4.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 0.9 1.6 1.5 0.8 1.7 1.0 2.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.9 2.8 1.5 2.5 2.4 1.3 3.0 1.7 3.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.4 2.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.6 2.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 2.2 1.5 1.9 2.6 2.1 2.7 1.7 2.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.4 3.3 2.8 4.3 4.6 3.5 4.6 3.7 3.9

Hospitals .................................................... 1.5 3.2 2.5 5.4 4.9 3.6 5.8 4.6 4.6

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 2.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.9 1.4 3.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.8 2.9 2.6 7.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 2.2 1.7 2.1 2.5 1.4 2.3 1.5 3.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.2 2.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.3 2.0

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.0 2.6

New England ..................................................... 2.4 4.8 5.2 2.2 5.1 5.1 4.3 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.7 0.7 1.6

South ..................................................................... 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 2.2 1.6 1.2 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 0.5 2.5 2.6 1.8 2.4 2.7 4.2 1.3 3.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.4 1.1 3.0 2.7 1.2 2.7 1.7 3.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 2.1 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.1 2.5 1.7 2.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 3.1 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.6 3.4 2.4 3.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.4 1.8 0.9 2.5 1.9 1.0 3.2 1.9 5.5

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.6 3.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.2 4.0 2.8 2.0 3.0 2.1 4.2 4.0 5.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.4 3.7

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in

at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 31 55 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 34 54 5

Professional and related .................................... 34 55 5

Teachers ........................................................ 35 57 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 32 67 –

Service ................................................................... 25 53 6

Protective service .............................................. 31 58 3

Sales and office ..................................................... 31 54 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 32 55 5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 31 59 8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 23 64 4

Full time ................................................................. 35 59 5

Part time ................................................................ 11 29 5

Union ..................................................................... 32 63 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 31 48 8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 23 48 7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 16 42 9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 33 55 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 33 60 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 37 55 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 40 51 5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 31 54 5

Education and health services ........................... 33 55 5

Educational services ...................................... 32 57 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 65 1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 50 33 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 35 38 20

Hospitals .................................................... 35 34 25

Public administration ......................................... 32 55 4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23 60 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 20 60 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 25 59 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 34 53 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 27 60 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 37 49 7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

State government .................................................. 43 47 5

Local government .................................................. 27 57 5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 26 61 4

New England ..................................................... – 70 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 32 58 3

South ..................................................................... 37 52 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 53 35 4

East South Central ............................................ 34 55 5

West South Central ........................................... 14 76 7

Midwest ................................................................. 34 48 7

East North Central ............................................. 41 41 6

West North Central ............................................ 22 62 8

West ...................................................................... 24 60 5

Mountain ............................................................ 25 53 9

Pacific ................................................................ 24 63 4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 1.0 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.1 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 1.3 0.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.2 1.2 –

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 1.8 1.9 0.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 1.8 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 1.8 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.2 3.2 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 3.7 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 1.8 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.3 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 1.9 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.8 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.1 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 2.0 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.8 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 1.1 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 0.9 0.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.9 0.8 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 2.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.6 4.9 3.5

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 6.4 4.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 1.2 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 3.3 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 2.5 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 2.1 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.3 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

State government .................................................. 1.9 2.1 0.9

Local government .................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.2 0.7

New England ..................................................... – 3.1 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.4 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.4 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 2.0 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 4.0 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 3.1 2.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.5 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.5 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 3.3 3.5 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.9 2.0 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 3.2 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 2.5 1.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution requirement and method

of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 91 78 7.1 7.0 9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 79 7.3 7.2 9

Professional and related .................................... 92 80 7.4 7.2 8

Teachers ........................................................ 92 83 7.7 7.3 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 92 84 7.7 7.2 8

Service ................................................................... 92 78 7.1 7.0 8

Protective service .............................................. 92 75 7.3 7.0 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 76 6.6 6.6 12

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 77 6.6 6.6 12

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 78 6.5 6.0 12

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 88 76 6.2 6.0 12

Full time ................................................................. 91 79 7.1 7.0 9

Part time ................................................................ 90 75 7.2 7.0 10

Union ..................................................................... 91 70 7.3 7.0 9

Nonunion ............................................................... 90 87 6.9 7.0 10

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 91 84 6.6 6.6 9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 93 88 6.8 7.0 7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 89 78 6.8 6.8 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 91 78 7.0 7.0 9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 74 7.8 7.5 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 95 70 8.2 8.0 5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 91 78 7.1 7.0 9

Education and health services ........................... 92 82 7.3 7.2 8

Educational services ...................................... 93 83 7.3 7.2 7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 93 83 7.3 7.2 7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 93 80 7.3 7.2 7

Health care and social assistance ................. – 74 6.9 7.0 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 74 7.0 7.7 –

Public administration ......................................... 90 74 6.7 6.3 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 90 78 7.3 7.0 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 90 74 7.0 6.5 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 90 82 7.6 7.0 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 91 78 7.0 7.0 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 89 78 7.0 6.9 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 78 7.0 7.2 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution requirement and method

of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

State government .................................................. 91 75 6.7 6.8 9

Local government .................................................. 90 79 7.2 7.0 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 98 54 6.7 7.1 2

New England ..................................................... – 58 7.2 7.1 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 97 53 6.6 7.1 3

South ..................................................................... 94 93 6.3 6.4 6

South Atlantic .................................................... 98 97 5.3 6.0 2

East South Central ............................................ 82 82 7.1 7.2 18

West South Central ........................................... 94 94 7.5 7.2 6

Midwest ................................................................. 87 80 7.8 6.8 13

East North Central ............................................. 83 73 8.3 8.5 17

West North Central ............................................ 95 93 7.1 6.0 5

West ...................................................................... 82 72 8.3 8.0 18

Mountain ............................................................ 83 83 8.9 8.0 17

Pacific ................................................................ 81 67 8.0 7.4 19

1 The employee contributes a fixed percentage of his or her earnings to the retirement plan. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage

data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution

requirement and method of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 1.0 0.1 2 ( ) 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.1 1.7 0.1 0.0 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 2.9 0.2 0.3 1.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.5 0.1 0.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.5 0.1 0.2 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 3.6 0.2 0.1 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.0 3.0 0.2 2 ( ) 3.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 3.0 0.2 0.0 2.3

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.1 2 ( ) 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 1.4 0.1 0.3 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 2.4 0.2 0.5 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.5 0.1 0.2 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.6 0.1 0.0 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.9 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 1.2 2 ( ) 0.0 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.9 0.1 0.3 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. – 5.0 0.4 0.6 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 7.3 0.3 0.7 –

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 2.0 0.1 0.2 1.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.9 0.2 0.0 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 2.4 0.2 0.4 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 3.1 0.2 0.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.9 0.1 0.2 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.3 0.1 0.0 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution

requirement and method of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

State government .................................................. 1.0 1.6 0.1 0.1 1.0

Local government .................................................. 0.9 1.0 2 ( ) 0.1 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.6 2.5 0.1 0.1 0.6

New England ..................................................... – 6.5 0.4 0.3 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.8

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 4.0 3.8 0.1 0.3 4.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 2.2 0.1 0.1 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 3.3 0.1 0.7 2.5

West North Central ............................................ 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.6

West ...................................................................... 1.9 1.8 0.1 0.0 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.9 2.9 0.3 0.2 2.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 2.2 0.1 0.9 2.3

1 The employee contributes a fixed percentage of his or her earnings to the retirement plan. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage

data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, State

and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 44 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 42 57 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 43 57 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 44 55 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 45 55 – –

Service ................................................................... 45 55 – –

Protective service .............................................. 47 53 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 44 56 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 56 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 54 46 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 43 57 – –

Full time ................................................................. 43 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 48 52 – 4 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 39 61 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 48 51 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 49 51 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 50 50 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 46 54 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 43 57 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 38 61 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 34 66 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 44 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 43 56 – –

Educational services ...................................... 43 56 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 44 56 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 41 59 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 44 56 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 48 52 – –

Public administration ......................................... 42 57 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 46 54 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 45 55 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 47 53 – 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 43 57 4 ( ) 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 49 50 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 40 60 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, State

and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

State government .................................................. 38 61 – –

Local government .................................................. 45 54 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 28 70 – –

New England ..................................................... 32 66 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 28 72 – –

South ..................................................................... 47 52 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 57 43 – –

East South Central ............................................ 38 62 – –

West South Central ........................................... 39 61 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 55 45 – –

East North Central ............................................. 55 45 – –

West North Central ............................................ 54 46 – –

West ...................................................................... 40 60 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 41 58 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 40 60 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.1 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.3 0.2 4 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.9 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.1 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 1.8 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.6 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.6 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.4 4.4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.0 4.0 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.1 4 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 3.3 3.3 – 4 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.6 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 2.7 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 1.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.6 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0 0.1 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.2 – –

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.5 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.5 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.6 3.6 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.4 4.4 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.4 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 1.8 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.7 2.6 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.3 – 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.1 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 2.0 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

State government .................................................. 1.6 1.6 – –

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.1 4 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 2.2 – –

New England ..................................................... 4.9 4.2 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 2.6 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.5 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.5 2.5 – –

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 2.5 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 2.1 – –

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.8 – –

West North Central ............................................ 5.5 4.9 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.2 2.3 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 6.1 6.5 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.8 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Less than 0.05. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 31 69

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 ( ) 31 68

Professional and related .................................... 3 ( ) 31 68

Teachers ........................................................ – – 70

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 30 70

Service ................................................................... – – 68

Protective service .............................................. – – 67

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 31 68

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 31 68

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 67

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 76

Full time ................................................................. 1 30 69

Part time ................................................................ 1 39 60

Union ..................................................................... 1 31 68

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 69

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 72

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 77

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 35 64

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 71

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 ( ) 33 67

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 ( ) 41 58

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 31 68

Education and health services ........................... – – 70

Educational services ...................................... 3 ( ) 29 70

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 30 70

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1 29 70

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 64

Hospitals .................................................... – – 69

Public administration ......................................... – – 66

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 62

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 59

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 36 64

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 29 71

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 68

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 28 72

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

State government .................................................. 1 28 71

Local government .................................................. – – 68

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 22 78

New England ..................................................... – 49 51

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 15 85

South ..................................................................... – – 74

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 75

East South Central ............................................ – 57 43

West South Central ........................................... – 12 88

Midwest ................................................................. – – 74

East North Central ............................................. – – 86

West North Central ............................................ – – 53

West ...................................................................... 1 51 48

Mountain ............................................................ – – 79

Pacific ................................................................ 1 63 35

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2016 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2012 and 2015 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2012 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.1 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.1 1.3 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 1.3 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ – – 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 2.3 2.3

Service ................................................................... – – 2.1

Protective service .............................................. – – 3.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 2.1 2.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 2.1 2.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 3.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 1.1 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 0.2 4.9 5.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 1.7 1.7

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 2.0 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 2.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.6 1.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.2 1.9 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.1 1.0

Education and health services ........................... – – 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 4 ( ) 1.4 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 1.7 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.1 1.9 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 4.5

Hospitals .................................................... – – 5.1

Public administration ......................................... – – 2.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 2.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 4.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.0 3.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 1.2 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 2.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 1.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

State government .................................................. 0.2 1.6 1.7

Local government .................................................. – – 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.2 2.2

New England ..................................................... – 6.4 6.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.7 1.7

South ..................................................................... – – 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 2.4

East South Central ............................................ – 3.2 3.2

West South Central ........................................... – 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. – – 3.0

East North Central ............................................. – – 2.0

West North Central ............................................ – – 5.9

West ...................................................................... 0.2 2.3 2.3

Mountain ............................................................ – – 2.7

Pacific ................................................................ 0.2 2.8 2.8

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2016 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2012 and 2015 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2012 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local government workers, March

2017

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

All workers ............................................................. – 100 93 5 – 18 –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 100 94 5 – 17 –

Professional and related .................................... – 100 94 4 – 17 –

Teachers ........................................................ – 100 95 5 – 18 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 100 95 5 – 19 –

Service ................................................................... – 100 90 8 – 17 –

Protective service .............................................. – 100 90 9 – 18 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 100 92 6 – 21 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 100 92 6 – 21 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 100 89 7 – 14 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 100 91 4 – 15 –

Full time ................................................................. – 100 92 6 – 18 –

Part time ................................................................ – 100 98 2 – 8 –

Union ..................................................................... – 100 95 4 – 18 –

Nonunion ............................................................... – 100 90 8 – 17 –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 100 91 7 – 20 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 100 91 – – 17 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 100 90 7 – 19 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 100 93 5 – 15 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 100 95 4 – 17 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 100 95 4 – 17 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 100 93 5 – 18 –

Education and health services ........................... – 100 95 4 – 17 –

Educational services ...................................... – 100 95 4 – 17 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 100 95 4 – 18 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 100 96 3 – 14 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – 100 88 – – 16 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 100 92 – – – –

Public administration ......................................... – 100 89 8 – 20 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 100 91 7 – 15 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 100 92 6 – 12 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 100 91 8 – 18 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 100 93 5 – 18 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 100 93 3 – 21 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 100 93 6 – 17 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

State government .................................................. – 100 92 6 – 19 –

Local government .................................................. – 100 93 5 – 17 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 100 97 3 – 18 –

New England ..................................................... – 100 94 – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 100 98 2 – 21 –

South ..................................................................... – 100 91 7 – 24 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – 100 86 11 – 47 –

East South Central ............................................ – 100 92 – – 23 –

West South Central ........................................... – 100 96 – – 3 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 100 90 6 – 16 –

East North Central ............................................. – 100 90 3 – 25 –

West North Central ............................................ – 100 89 10 – – –

West ...................................................................... – 100 92 6 – 8 –

Mountain ............................................................ – 100 91 – – – –

Pacific ................................................................ – 100 93 4 – 8 –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local

government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

All workers ............................................................. – 0.0 0.8 0.7 – 0.9 –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 0.0 0.8 0.8 – 1.1 –

Professional and related .................................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.2 –

Teachers ........................................................ – 0.0 1.1 1.2 – 1.4 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 0.0 1.3 1.4 – 1.7 –

Service ................................................................... – 0.0 1.8 1.6 – 1.5 –

Protective service .............................................. – 0.0 2.7 2.5 – 2.4 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 0.0 1.2 1.1 – 2.0 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 0.0 1.2 1.1 – 2.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 0.0 3.0 1.9 – 2.6 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 0.0 2.6 1.5 – 3.5 –

Full time ................................................................. – 0.0 0.8 0.8 – 0.9 –

Part time ................................................................ – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.9 –

Union ..................................................................... – 0.0 0.7 0.7 – 1.3 –

Nonunion ............................................................... – 0.0 1.3 1.3 – 1.0 –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 0.0 1.6 1.4 – 1.8 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 0.0 3.3 – – 3.0 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 0.0 1.6 1.4 – 1.6 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 0.0 1.0 1.0 – 1.0 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 0.0 1.0 0.9 – 1.7 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 0.0 1.8 1.8 – 2.8 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 0.0 0.8 0.7 – 0.9 –

Education and health services ........................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.2 –

Educational services ...................................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.2 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 0.0 1.0 1.1 – 1.7 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 0.0 1.2 1.1 – 2.0 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – 0.0 4.8 – – 4.7 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 0.0 3.4 – – – –

Public administration ......................................... – 0.0 1.6 1.4 – 1.6 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 0.0 1.5 1.3 – 2.5 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 0.0 2.5 2.1 – 2.8 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 0.0 2.0 2.0 – 3.7 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 0.0 0.9 0.8 – 0.9 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 0.0 1.5 1.1 – 2.7 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 0.0 1.1 1.1 – 1.1 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

State government .................................................. – 0.0 1.5 1.6 – 1.6 –

Local government .................................................. – 0.0 0.8 0.8 – 1.2 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 0.0 1.1 1.1 – 2.4 –

New England ..................................................... – 0.0 4.7 – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 0.0 0.6 0.7 – 2.6 –

South ..................................................................... – 0.0 1.7 1.7 – 1.3 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – 0.0 3.0 2.8 – 2.5 –

East South Central ............................................ – 0.0 5.1 – – 3.3 –

West South Central ........................................... – 0.0 1.6 – – 0.6 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 0.0 1.5 0.8 – 2.9 –

East North Central ............................................. – 0.0 2.2 0.4 – 4.1 –

West North Central ............................................ – 0.0 1.8 2.2 – – –

West ...................................................................... – 0.0 1.3 1.3 – 1.1 –

Mountain ............................................................ – 0.0 4.3 – – – –

Pacific ................................................................ – 0.0 0.5 1.0 – 0.8 –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, State and

local government workers, March 2017

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 72 28 89 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 74 26 90 10

Professional and related .................................... 75 25 90 10

Teachers ........................................................ 78 22 95 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 71 29 97 3

Service ................................................................... 63 37 87 13

Protective service .............................................. 59 41 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 72 28 89 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 71 29 89 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 27 – –

Full time ................................................................. 72 28 89 11

Part time ................................................................ 71 29 – –

Union ..................................................................... 68 32 87 13

Nonunion ............................................................... 73 27 90 10

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 69 31 88 12

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 71 29 83 17

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 29 88 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 68 32 88 12

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 79 21 93 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 82 18 93 7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 72 28 90 10

Education and health services ........................... 74 26 89 11

Educational services ...................................... 75 25 93 7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 71 29 95 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 78 22 91 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 73 27 82 18

Hospitals .................................................... 76 24 – –

Public administration ......................................... 66 34 91 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 65 35 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 56 44 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 73 27 89 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 58 42 87 13

500 workers or more .......................................... 78 22 90 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, State and

local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

State government .................................................. 73 27 86 14

Local government .................................................. 71 29 91 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 68 32 83 17

South ..................................................................... 83 17 89 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 80 20 91 9

East South Central ............................................ 93 7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 57 43 85 15

East North Central ............................................. 46 54 82 18

West ...................................................................... 70 30 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 74 26 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 67 33 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 2.3 1.4 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 3.0 3.0 1.2 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 6.5 6.5 0.7 0.7

Service ................................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.5 2.5

Protective service .............................................. 3.9 3.9 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.0 3.0 2.2 2.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.2 5.2 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 6.9 6.9 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.6 2.6 2.0 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.8 2.8 1.8 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.2 3.2 1.8 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 2.4 2.4 1.7 1.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.1 5.1 1.6 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.8 5.8 4.5 4.5

Hospitals .................................................... 5.9 5.9 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.8 2.8 1.2 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.0 5.0 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.7 5.7 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.8 3.8 2.5 2.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

State government .................................................. 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0

Local government .................................................. 2.7 2.7 1.5 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5.8 5.8 4.6 4.6

South ..................................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 1.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.6 2.6 1.7 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7

West ...................................................................... 4.2 4.2 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 6.7 6.7 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 5.4 5.4 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local

government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 89 79 89 89 71 80

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 82 89 92 72 79

Professional and related .................................... 91 81 88 91 71 78

Teachers ........................................................ 92 80 87 92 71 77

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 85 86 99 75 76

Service ................................................................... 81 72 90 80 65 81

Protective service .............................................. 89 82 92 89 73 82

Sales and office ..................................................... 89 80 90 89 73 83

Office and administrative support ...................... 90 81 90 90 74 83

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 96 86 90 95 78 82

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 85 77 91 85 69 82

Full time ................................................................. 99 89 90 99 80 80

Part time ................................................................ 27 23 86 27 19 70

Union ..................................................................... 95 86 90 95 73 77

Nonunion ............................................................... 84 74 89 83 69 83

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 63 88 72 58 80

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 59 50 85 59 46 78

Second 25 percent ............................................ 93 84 90 93 76 81

Third 25 percent ................................................ 97 87 89 97 78 81

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 86 91 95 74 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 87 94 93 74 80

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 89 79 89 89 71 80

Education and health services ........................... 90 79 88 90 70 78

Educational services ...................................... 90 79 88 90 69 77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 78 86 90 68 76

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 82 92 90 74 82

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 83 91 91 77 84

Hospitals .................................................... 91 84 92 91 77 84

Public administration ......................................... 90 82 91 90 75 83

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 86 77 90 85 68 80

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 82 73 89 82 67 82

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 89 80 90 89 69 78

100 workers or more .............................................. 90 80 89 90 72 80

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 86 78 90 86 69 80

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 82 89 92 73 80

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 58 49 85 37 31 85 88 70 80

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 59 49 84 36 30 83 90 71 79

Professional and related .................................... 58 48 83 35 29 83 90 70 78

Teachers ........................................................ 56 45 81 33 27 81 90 69 77

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 58 47 81 36 29 81 97 74 76

Service ................................................................... 52 45 87 34 30 86 79 64 81

Protective service .............................................. 60 54 89 43 38 89 88 73 83

Sales and office ..................................................... 58 50 87 39 34 88 88 73 83

Office and administrative support ...................... 59 51 87 39 34 88 89 74 83

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 66 59 89 40 36 91 93 77 83

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 61 51 83 45 38 85 83 70 84

Full time ................................................................. 64 55 85 41 34 85 98 79 81

Part time ................................................................ 19 15 80 14 12 87 26 18 70

Union ..................................................................... 74 63 85 54 47 88 94 73 77

Nonunion ............................................................... 44 37 84 23 18 79 82 68 83

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 31 83 20 16 80 71 57 80

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 22 81 12 9 74 58 45 78

Second 25 percent ............................................ 66 56 86 42 36 87 92 75 82

Third 25 percent ................................................ 60 51 86 39 33 85 96 78 81

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 71 60 84 48 41 86 93 73 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 75 64 86 55 48 87 92 73 80

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 58 49 85 37 31 85 88 70 80

Education and health services ........................... 57 47 82 33 28 82 89 69 78

Educational services ...................................... 56 46 82 33 27 82 88 68 77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 54 44 82 33 27 82 88 67 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 62 51 82 34 28 82 88 72 82

Health care and social assistance ................. 61 51 83 34 29 85 91 77 84

Hospitals .................................................... 61 51 84 30 26 87 91 77 84

Public administration ......................................... 60 53 88 42 38 88 89 74 84

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 59 47 81 39 32 82 84 68 81

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 54 43 80 37 30 80 81 66 82

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 63 51 82 40 34 85 87 69 79

100 workers or more .............................................. 58 50 86 36 31 86 89 71 80

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 54 46 85 34 29 86 85 68 80

500 workers or more .......................................... 59 51 87 37 32 86 91 72 80

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 96 89 93 96 82 86

Local government .................................................. 87 76 88 87 67 78

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 88 79 91 87 68 78

New England ..................................................... 89 79 89 88 64 73

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 87 80 91 87 69 80

South ..................................................................... 93 81 88 93 77 83

South Atlantic .................................................... 91 81 89 91 75 83

East South Central ............................................ 92 84 92 92 83 90

West South Central ........................................... 96 80 84 96 78 81

Midwest ................................................................. 85 74 87 85 64 75

East North Central ............................................. 83 73 88 83 64 77

West North Central ............................................ 88 75 86 88 63 72

West ...................................................................... 88 82 93 88 70 80

Mountain ............................................................ 86 77 90 86 67 78

Pacific ................................................................ 89 84 95 89 72 81

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 65 55 86 42 37 87 94 81 86

Local government .................................................. 56 47 84 35 29 84 85 67 78

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 68 61 89 48 42 88 86 68 79

New England ..................................................... 61 55 90 – – – 88 64 73

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 70 62 89 59 52 89 86 69 81

South ..................................................................... 38 30 80 19 14 71 91 76 83

South Atlantic .................................................... 44 37 84 26 19 74 91 75 83

East South Central ............................................ 30 23 77 10 8 77 92 82 89

West South Central ........................................... 32 24 74 14 9 62 92 75 81

Midwest ................................................................. 60 52 86 31 26 85 82 61 75

East North Central ............................................. 62 53 86 42 37 87 82 63 77

West North Central ............................................ 58 51 87 – 7 – 82 58 70

West ...................................................................... 80 68 84 62 56 90 88 70 80

Mountain ............................................................ 69 59 85 31 26 84 86 68 79

Pacific ................................................................ 86 72 84 77 70 91 88 71 80

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 2.4 2.4 1.2 2.2 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 4.2 1.1 4.5 3.4 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.3 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.4 0.6 1.6 1.4 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 2.0 1.2 2.1 2.0 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.4 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.4 1.9 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.9 0.8 1.6 1.9 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.1 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.1 2.2 1.8 1.1 2.6 2.3

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.2 1.9 1.2 2.3 2.0 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 1.6 0.9 1.5 2.0 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 0.6 1.4 1.4 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.2 0.8 1.3 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 3.2 2.7 1.7 2.5 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.2 1.8 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.1 3.7 1.2 4.7 4.2 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.6 3.5 2.5 4.9 4.2 3.5 4.5 3.8 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.2 2.7 1.4 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.2 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.0 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 2.0 1.6 1.4 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 1.6 2.2 1.3 0.9 3.7 2.1 2.0 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.6 1.0 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.9 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.7 0.9 1.2 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.1 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.0 1.2 2.1 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 5.3 3.4 2.5 4.7 4.4 2.3 1.1 2.6 2.3

Public administration ......................................... 2.4 2.1 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.4 2.3 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.1 3.6 2.0 3.4 2.8 3.1 2.4 2.0 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.0 2.4 1.5 2.1 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.6 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 1.5 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7

Local government .................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.7 1.7

New England ..................................................... 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.3 3.9 4.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.8 0.6 1.8 1.8 1.6

South ..................................................................... 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.4 0.7

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.8 0.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.9 1.5 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.7 2.2

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 3.1 1.5 2.1 4.0 2.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.6

Local government .................................................. 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.5

New England ..................................................... 2.8 3.0 1.2 – – – 1.3 3.9 4.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.3

South ..................................................................... 2.4 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.0 2.5 0.9 1.0 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 2.3 1.6 2.9 1.6 2.7 1.5 1.4 0.7

East South Central ............................................ 5.8 5.3 6.2 2.4 2.4 7.9 1.3 1.7 0.7

West South Central ........................................... 4.2 2.8 4.8 1.7 1.2 7.1 1.4 1.9 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.7 1.0 3.0 2.2 2.5 1.6 1.3 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 1.6 0.9 4.1 3.1 2.6 2.0 1.7 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 3.9 2.5 – 2.2 – 2.5 2.2 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 3.6 4.8 3.3 2.6 2.3 2.0 2.1 4.0 2.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.2 2.1 1.4

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, State and local government workers, March 2017

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 86 14 71 29

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 85 15 70 30

Professional and related .................................... 85 15 69 31

Teachers ........................................................ 84 16 66 34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 84 16 65 35

Service ................................................................... 87 13 73 27

Protective service .............................................. 88 12 78 22

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 12 72 28

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 12 72 28

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 89 11 74 26

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 86 14 70 30

Full time ................................................................. 86 14 71 29

Part time ................................................................ 85 15 70 30

Union ..................................................................... 86 14 76 24

Nonunion ............................................................... 87 13 66 34

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 87 13 66 34

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 87 13 60 40

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 13 74 26

Third 25 percent ................................................ 86 14 69 31

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 85 15 74 26

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 15 75 25

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 86 14 71 29

Education and health services ........................... 85 15 67 33

Educational services ...................................... 85 15 66 34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 84 16 64 36

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 14 71 29

Health care and social assistance ................. 87 13 74 26

Hospitals .................................................... 87 13 75 25

Public administration ......................................... 88 12 77 23

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 87 13 73 27

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 88 12 72 28

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 86 14 73 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 14 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 87 13 71 29

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 14 70 30

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

State government .................................................. 86 14 74 26

Local government .................................................. 87 13 70 30

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 84 16 82 18

New England ..................................................... 77 23 77 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 87 13 84 16

South ..................................................................... 86 14 63 37

South Atlantic .................................................... 85 15 65 35

East South Central ............................................ 88 12 63 37

West South Central ........................................... 87 13 59 41

Midwest ................................................................. 87 13 73 27

East North Central ............................................. 85 15 74 26

West North Central ............................................ 90 10 72 28

West ...................................................................... 87 13 75 25

Mountain ............................................................ 87 13 71 29

Pacific ................................................................ 87 13 77 23

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, State and local government workers, March

2017

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.7 1.7 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

Hospitals .................................................... 1.3 1.3 2.3 2.3

Public administration ......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

State government .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Local government .................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

New England ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.7

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.4

West ...................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.0 2.6 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $536.13 22 $566.64 78 $527.53 $113.95

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 526.07 21 564.14 79 515.87 121.13

Professional and related .................................... 100 522.84 21 559.04 79 513.06 125.42

Teachers ........................................................ 100 518.29 22 552.08 78 508.51 137.84

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 513.98 24 545.99 76 503.94 143.36

Service ................................................................... 100 548.09 23 559.29 77 544.69 109.52

Protective service .............................................. 100 575.14 22 562.53 78 578.88 105.17

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 549.82 23 570.78 77 543.56 97.52

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 550.30 23 572.71 77 543.57 96.26

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 550.34 25 577.06 75 541.44 87.68

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 563.22 21 610.63 79 550.30 116.08

Full time ................................................................. 100 535.61 22 565.07 78 527.42 113.07

Part time ................................................................ 100 549.23 28 597.21 72 530.45 137.91

Union ..................................................................... 100 564.57 24 576.60 76 560.81 133.62

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 510.75 20 556.22 80 499.14 97.16

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 516.78 25 559.64 75 502.63 102.51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 489.74 27 543.03 73 469.71 99.24

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 545.42 22 565.99 78 539.69 105.43

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 533.69 20 559.64 80 527.14 113.06

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 546.41 22 580.05 78 537.08 130.74

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 556.83 25 568.10 75 553.08 151.26

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 536.91 22 566.77 78 528.53 114.02

Education and health services ........................... 100 516.81 22 557.13 78 505.47 122.75

Educational services ...................................... 100 518.41 22 556.33 78 507.65 127.91

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 510.51 24 543.39 76 500.29 136.21

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 538.11 17 594.74 83 526.43 108.05

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 507.74 21 561.95 79 493.32 93.96

Hospitals .................................................... 100 505.69 21 573.36 79 487.81 87.69

Public administration ......................................... 100 570.63 22 584.88 78 566.48 101.13

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 532.52 23 579.78 77 518.47 107.75

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 529.05 28 548.80 72 521.27 108.19

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 535.78 18 625.77 82 516.17 107.39

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 537.19 22 562.58 78 530.14 115.73

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 548.62 21 549.56 79 548.38 110.76

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 532.00 22 568.16 78 521.72 118.02

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. 100 $534.32 12 $577.98 88 $528.26 $103.04

Local government .................................................. 100 536.85 26 564.53 74 527.19 119.06

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 546.41 24 562.81 76 541.34 143.46

New England ..................................................... 100 522.21 2 575.92 98 520.93 160.65

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 553.76 30 562.50 70 549.99 136.16

South ..................................................................... 100 503.78 22 558.13 78 487.84 102.19

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 518.47 13 586.01 87 508.44 103.37

East South Central ............................................ 100 526.32 19 521.56 81 527.44 86.52

West South Central ........................................... 100 471.33 38 554.08 62 419.75 110.39

Midwest ................................................................. 100 556.04 17 552.99 83 556.68 113.57

East North Central ............................................. 100 555.94 11 555.26 89 556.03 121.86

West North Central ............................................ 100 556.22 29 551.30 71 558.25 93.81

West ...................................................................... 100 569.80 23 593.61 77 562.58 112.55

Mountain ............................................................ 100 498.98 18 545.22 82 488.95 87.97

Pacific ................................................................ 100 600.87 25 608.37 75 598.28 124.47

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $3.64 0.8 $5.24 0.8 $4.34 $2.75

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.68 0.9 5.73 0.9 5.59 3.82

Professional and related .................................... 5.20 1.0 6.18 1.0 6.27 4.40

Teachers ........................................................ 6.85 1.6 7.72 1.6 8.22 7.34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 8.76 1.8 8.86 1.8 11.03 8.30

Service ................................................................... 5.89 1.7 10.98 1.7 7.70 3.71

Protective service .............................................. 8.01 1.9 14.62 1.9 11.11 4.58

Sales and office ..................................................... 6.23 1.5 11.06 1.5 7.78 2.56

Office and administrative support ...................... 6.37 1.4 10.48 1.4 8.05 2.71

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15.13 3.1 23.09 3.1 16.93 4.23

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 14.55 3.0 37.19 3.0 15.95 7.54

Full time ................................................................. 3.63 0.8 5.42 0.8 4.29 2.73

Part time ................................................................ 13.98 3.0 11.57 3.0 18.37 10.29

Union ..................................................................... 5.01 1.3 7.69 1.3 5.61 3.97

Nonunion ............................................................... 5.21 1.2 7.51 1.2 6.23 2.66

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.14 1.5 8.99 1.5 6.64 3.54

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8.03 2.1 11.92 2.1 10.19 4.92

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6.40 1.4 9.11 1.4 7.65 3.14

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5.69 1.2 7.69 1.2 6.97 4.61

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 6.38 1.4 9.75 1.4 7.23 4.13

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6.02 1.5 8.71 1.5 8.46 7.10

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.66 0.8 5.25 0.8 4.38 2.78

Education and health services ........................... 4.74 1.0 6.54 1.0 5.61 4.27

Educational services ...................................... 4.87 1.1 7.28 1.1 5.61 5.06

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.76 1.3 6.82 1.3 7.66 6.10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10.57 2.4 28.69 2.4 11.57 5.47

Health care and social assistance ................. 15.49 3.3 18.38 3.3 19.69 3.15

Hospitals .................................................... 28.00 3.8 11.67 3.8 36.32 3.70

Public administration ......................................... 5.77 1.4 8.53 1.4 7.39 2.53

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7.69 2.4 13.30 2.4 8.68 3.69

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 11.24 3.8 16.65 3.8 13.33 4.28

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10.95 2.3 26.14 2.3 10.55 5.36

100 workers or more .............................................. 4.88 0.9 6.12 0.9 6.07 2.95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9.19 1.9 11.46 1.9 11.35 4.72

500 workers or more .......................................... 5.10 1.0 7.97 1.0 6.14 3.50

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. $6.47 1.0 $6.16 1.0 $7.32 $3.20

Local government .................................................. 4.81 1.1 6.22 1.1 5.93 3.58

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7.88 1.4 6.99 1.4 9.32 4.15

New England ..................................................... 8.95 0.5 18.44 0.5 9.24 7.26

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 10.02 1.9 7.13 1.9 13.12 6.58

South ..................................................................... 5.47 1.0 6.86 1.0 6.55 5.01

South Atlantic .................................................... 9.96 1.2 16.53 1.2 10.79 8.03

East South Central ............................................ 12.63 1.6 19.83 1.6 14.75 6.77

West South Central ........................................... 4.45 2.4 8.15 2.4 6.60 7.74

Midwest ................................................................. 9.58 2.3 15.13 2.3 10.71 5.65

East North Central ............................................. 12.92 1.4 26.08 1.4 13.63 7.86

West North Central ............................................ 12.89 6.3 17.64 6.3 15.77 3.57

West ...................................................................... 6.57 1.8 14.29 1.8 7.37 5.14

Mountain ............................................................ 15.90 3.6 21.66 3.6 21.71 7.70

Pacific ................................................................ 7.50 2.1 17.80 2.1 7.17 6.65

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 62 26 7 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 61 27 6 5

Professional and related .................................... 61 28 6 5

Teachers ........................................................ 62 27 7 4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 65 25 7 4

Service ................................................................... 66 22 5 7

Protective service .............................................. 68 19 3 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 57 28 7 7

Office and administrative support ...................... 58 28 7 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 71 18 8 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 60 22 15 4

Full time ................................................................. 62 26 6 6

Part time ................................................................ 53 25 12 10

Union ..................................................................... 66 16 8 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 58 34 6 2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 60 30 6 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 62 32 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 63 25 6 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 62 27 6 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 62 22 7 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 61 24 7 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 62 26 7 6

Education and health services ........................... 60 30 6 4

Educational services ...................................... 61 29 6 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 65 24 7 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 51 41 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 54 38 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 55 40 – –

Public administration ......................................... 64 21 7 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 62 23 9 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 66 – 10 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 58 28 9 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 62 27 6 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 63 26 6 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 61 27 6 6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 51 38 4 7

Local government .................................................. 67 20 8 5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 64 20 7 9

New England ..................................................... 80 10 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 57 24 6 13

South ..................................................................... 56 38 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 45 49 6 –

East South Central ............................................ 49 51 – –

West South Central ........................................... 83 9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 73 20 5 2

East North Central ............................................. 74 18 5 2

West North Central ............................................ 69 23 – –

West ...................................................................... 61 13 10 17

Mountain ............................................................ 75 18 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 54 11 13 23

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 2.5 2.3 1.0 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.7 2.6 1.1 0.6

Service ................................................................... 2.5 1.4 1.1 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.4 2.0 1.2 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.6 2.4 1.1 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.6 2.3 1.1 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.4 4.5 1.8 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.0 4.9 2.1 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 4.7 3.9 3.0 3.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.8 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 2.2 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 1.9 0.9 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.5 2.4 0.8 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.7 2.8 1.8 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.7 1.7 0.9 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.8 0.9 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 3.0 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.6 4.5 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.9 4.5 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 1.4 1.3 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.2 2.8 1.9 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.0 – 2.8 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 3.3 2.4 1.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.1 2.8 1.6 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.0 1.1 0.7

Local government .................................................. 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.3 3.3 1.5 1.3

New England ..................................................... 5.5 1.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.2 4.6 1.5 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.0 3.2 1.7 –

East South Central ............................................ 1.6 1.1 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 0.7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.9 1.1 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 2.1 1.4 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 5.1 4.3 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.7 1.7 1.7 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 5.9 3.9 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.0 1.6 2.4 2.3

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,132.28 7 $1,445.97 93 $1,109.11 $480.14

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,099.66 7 1,434.28 93 1,074.30 498.33

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,086.65 7 1,425.10 93 1,062.34 512.50

Teachers ........................................................ 100 1,028.54 7 1,440.33 93 998.13 560.46

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 1,010.85 8 1,442.40 92 973.54 585.71

Service ................................................................... 100 1,183.50 7 1,478.43 93 1,162.22 456.07

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,303.70 8 1,507.90 92 1,285.06 392.31

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,156.83 6 1,390.48 94 1,141.24 448.63

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,157.12 6 1,391.24 94 1,141.24 445.59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,197.18 7 1,564.79 93 1,169.47 432.54

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,210.94 7 1,509.18 93 1,187.68 496.15

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,130.86 7 1,437.99 93 1,108.83 478.14

Part time ................................................................ 100 1,169.22 12 1,564.69 88 1,116.66 535.13

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,283.66 12 1,444.43 88 1,262.55 475.47

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 998.15 3 1,451.82 97 985.59 483.90

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 1,014.33 4 1,554.97 96 990.67 505.22

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 885.02 3 1,541.91 97 862.33 573.73

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,195.14 8 1,407.43 92 1,177.37 438.37

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,083.41 5 1,385.62 95 1,065.94 496.10

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,223.25 10 1,467.16 90 1,196.95 477.55

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,268.22 14 1,441.12 86 1,240.23 512.48

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,132.90 7 1,446.49 93 1,109.68 480.57

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,056.50 7 1,444.10 93 1,028.17 526.41

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,035.46 7 1,466.34 93 1,003.66 546.14

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 999.71 8 1,456.72 92 959.43 585.27

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,125.16 3 1,393.48 97 1,117.08 445.04

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,174.55 6 1,311.40 94 1,165.10 416.19

Hospitals .................................................... 100 1,228.51 7 1,382.52 93 1,216.57 398.76

Public administration ......................................... 100 1,252.79 8 1,484.91 92 1,233.68 402.03

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 1,127.11 8 1,517.96 92 1,092.78 442.42

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 1,117.32 9 1,445.40 91 1,086.55 444.63

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 1,136.34 8 1,595.09 92 1,098.59 440.36

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,133.77 6 1,420.28 94 1,113.74 490.85

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,161.98 3 1,416.15 97 1,153.80 459.75

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,121.02 8 1,421.00 92 1,094.66 505.67

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. 100 $1,158.98 1 $1,199.46 99 $1,158.42 $402.21

Local government .................................................. 100 1,121.67 9 1,460.78 91 1,087.85 513.73

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,360.30 21 1,455.61 79 1,335.06 402.13

New England ..................................................... 100 1,324.38 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,371.21 27 1,456.58 73 1,340.09 394.79

South ..................................................................... 100 914.46 1 1,522.39 99 907.92 520.23

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 976.85 1 1,569.42 99 971.14 497.98

East South Central ............................................ 100 894.55 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 100 835.79 1 1,569.06 99 830.50 567.70

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,240.24 5 1,308.55 95 1,236.41 481.50

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,265.81 3 1,257.81 97 1,266.05 468.89

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,193.02 – – – – –

West ...................................................................... 100 1,257.86 8 1,486.47 92 1,239.03 453.66

Mountain ............................................................ 100 1,061.68 5 1,409.31 95 1,041.67 458.56

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,345.78 9 1,508.42 91 1,330.53 451.38

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $9.15 0.6 $25.32 0.6 $10.24 $7.08

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 12.46 0.7 27.99 0.7 13.71 9.59

Professional and related .................................... 13.53 0.7 25.02 0.7 14.74 11.03

Teachers ........................................................ 16.36 1.1 33.89 1.1 18.52 16.81

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 19.69 1.3 31.14 1.3 21.93 19.25

Service ................................................................... 17.60 0.8 33.62 0.8 19.85 10.27

Protective service .............................................. 24.13 1.1 40.73 1.1 27.90 9.30

Sales and office ..................................................... 19.13 0.8 32.16 0.8 19.97 13.20

Office and administrative support ...................... 18.99 0.8 32.17 0.8 19.79 12.71

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 41.09 1.8 171.03 1.8 40.05 30.06

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 43.58 2.5 98.31 2.5 45.80 20.62

Full time ................................................................. 9.33 0.6 26.55 0.6 10.31 7.17

Part time ................................................................ 41.09 2.4 49.94 2.4 42.22 29.68

Union ..................................................................... 13.59 0.9 16.69 0.9 15.45 8.77

Nonunion ............................................................... 12.65 0.5 94.32 0.5 12.72 8.68

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 13.27 0.7 83.50 0.7 16.06 8.80

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 24.29 0.9 43.46 0.9 23.64 16.13

Second 25 percent ............................................ 18.84 1.0 36.85 1.0 19.42 10.40

Third 25 percent ................................................ 14.67 1.0 46.86 1.0 15.67 12.79

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 17.65 0.9 21.86 0.9 19.57 12.17

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 17.55 1.6 19.94 1.6 20.81 14.47

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 9.11 0.6 25.65 0.6 10.23 6.95

Education and health services ........................... 12.34 0.8 30.62 0.8 14.34 10.69

Educational services ...................................... 11.83 0.9 32.93 0.9 14.27 12.70

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 12.93 1.1 25.33 1.1 16.13 14.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 16.37 1.4 106.93 1.4 17.81 17.57

Health care and social assistance ................. 48.56 1.3 95.76 1.3 53.05 10.85

Hospitals .................................................... 89.46 1.3 51.98 1.3 96.99 21.15

Public administration ......................................... 10.89 0.7 45.82 0.7 13.10 7.76

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 18.14 1.4 71.61 1.4 19.88 17.04

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25.36 2.1 110.28 2.1 28.91 24.94

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28.55 1.6 104.13 1.6 32.59 21.73

100 workers or more .............................................. 11.29 0.5 20.68 0.5 12.10 8.02

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20.14 0.8 61.84 0.8 21.62 14.27

500 workers or more .......................................... 13.65 0.6 23.63 0.6 14.88 9.51

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. $11.54 0.4 $111.79 0.4 $11.54 $11.34

Local government .................................................. 11.23 0.7 23.58 0.7 12.79 8.82

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 19.12 1.2 23.11 1.2 21.78 11.88

New England ..................................................... 29.82 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 22.37 1.6 23.42 1.6 27.63 19.00

South ..................................................................... 12.29 0.3 91.08 0.3 12.86 10.85

South Atlantic .................................................... 16.33 0.3 115.02 0.3 15.65 15.97

East South Central ............................................ 41.75 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 20.15 0.3 195.19 0.3 21.40 22.19

Midwest ................................................................. 24.19 2.0 117.47 2.0 26.17 9.03

East North Central ............................................. 35.03 0.7 119.07 0.7 35.59 12.69

West North Central ............................................ 21.68 – – – – –

West ...................................................................... 17.94 1.3 36.59 1.3 20.58 21.57

Mountain ............................................................ 40.08 2.3 38.84 2.3 46.24 58.83

Pacific ................................................................ 20.74 1.6 46.07 1.6 22.70 16.02

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 66 23 6 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 64 24 6 5

Professional and related .................................... 65 24 6 4

Teachers ........................................................ 66 23 7 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 68 21 7 4

Service ................................................................... 71 18 5 6

Protective service .............................................. 72 16 3 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 62 25 7 7

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 24 7 7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 74 17 6 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 62 20 12 6

Full time ................................................................. 66 23 6 5

Part time ................................................................ 57 22 – –

Union ..................................................................... 66 16 8 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 28 5 2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 67 24 6 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 70 25 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 66 23 6 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 66 24 6 4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 64 20 8 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 64 21 8 8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 65 23 6 5

Education and health services ........................... 64 26 6 4

Educational services ...................................... 65 24 7 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 69 21 7 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 34 6 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 59 34 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 60 35 – –

Public administration ......................................... 67 19 6 8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 63 22 10 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 66 18 11 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 61 26 9 4

100 workers or more .............................................. 66 23 5 5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 68 22 5 5

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 23 6 6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 54 36 3 7

Local government .................................................. 71 17 8 4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 64 19 7 9

New England ..................................................... 80 10 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 58 23 6 13

South ..................................................................... 65 30 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 51 43 5 –

East South Central ............................................ 57 42 – –

West South Central ........................................... 89 6 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 75 17 5 2

East North Central ............................................. 76 16 – –

West North Central ............................................ 73 19 – –

West ...................................................................... 59 14 11 16

Mountain ............................................................ 76 15 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 52 13 14 21

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 1.9 1.1 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 2.1 1.2 0.7

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.2 0.7 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 2.4 1.7 1.1 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.4 2.0 1.2 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.4 1.9 1.1 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.2 4.2 1.4 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.8 4.5 1.4 2.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 4.5 3.4 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.7 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 1.8 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 1.7 0.7 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.2 2.0 0.8 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 2.4 1.6 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 2.6 1.7 0.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.4 4.1 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 5.0 4.5 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.0 1.3 1.0 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.0 2.7 1.8 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.3 4.9 2.7 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 3.0 2.2 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.5 2.4 1.3 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 2.0 1.9 0.9 0.6

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.2 3.1 1.5 1.2

New England ..................................................... 5.4 1.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.9 4.2 1.4 1.7

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.5 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.0 2.9 1.5 –

East South Central ............................................ 0.8 0.7 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 0.6 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.9 1.5 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 2.1 – –

West North Central ............................................ 3.3 3.8 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.7 1.6 1.4 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 5.0 3.5 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.4 1.6 1.9 2.2

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State and local

government workers, March 2017

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $25.00 $50.00 $87.67 $135.94 $205.14 $166.66 $241.12 $395.47 $598.70 $954.37

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 28.68 50.00 90.91 144.83 232.00 157.22 241.12 404.72 638.14 981.98

Professional and related .................................... 29.20 51.45 95.42 150.00 238.80 166.66 248.84 421.56 651.25 1008.76

Teachers ........................................................ 30.66 54.17 100.00 166.72 278.60 137.57 261.60 484.80 723.76 1098.92

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 30.66 54.88 101.05 173.34 305.60 137.57 273.00 501.74 812.92 1173.02

Service ................................................................... 28.60 50.00 86.67 130.80 205.14 180.00 245.77 390.00 590.48 848.98

Protective service .............................................. – 50.00 88.31 130.00 203.99 177.94 226.59 347.41 531.20 656.87

Sales and office ..................................................... 19.90 40.00 80.74 115.29 177.01 114.47 219.00 374.30 590.48 842.37

Office and administrative support ...................... 19.83 38.78 79.12 115.29 176.16 113.75 216.67 375.19 590.48 842.37

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 21.75 38.00 77.54 114.40 160.34 150.00 242.00 358.09 531.20 796.95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 40.78 86.36 131.92 199.78 – 270.40 385.00 651.25 998.00

Full time ................................................................. 24.34 50.00 87.50 135.94 203.99 157.22 241.00 395.47 593.00 942.00

Part time ................................................................ 38.00 69.63 104.56 150.85 275.66 199.40 301.52 432.14 710.78 1123.28

Union ..................................................................... 33.88 63.50 101.17 161.93 238.94 125.00 230.00 355.04 573.00 974.90

Nonunion ............................................................... 20.00 40.00 81.08 123.62 177.01 180.00 253.50 433.08 627.73 918.67

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 20.00 42.06 84.00 125.00 188.00 180.00 257.88 452.67 656.87 974.90

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 20.00 38.00 84.00 123.62 182.77 209.20 320.29 579.33 722.00 1053.96

Second 25 percent ............................................ 23.31 46.00 84.00 127.17 188.00 140.23 221.00 363.12 574.84 809.52

Third 25 percent ................................................ 21.42 49.32 88.60 135.94 206.42 173.18 254.52 433.08 647.63 974.90

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 32.00 63.70 99.92 162.75 254.11 125.00 226.59 363.70 568.48 974.90

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 34.16 68.92 115.29 184.50 – 121.72 241.00 396.60 590.27 1387.71

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 24.98 50.00 87.67 135.94 205.14 166.18 242.00 396.60 600.00 949.00

Education and health services ........................... 28.68 50.00 94.08 149.57 238.80 173.18 255.00 456.88 669.87 1029.95

Educational services ...................................... 30.66 51.45 97.68 160.46 247.00 157.22 264.98 476.04 710.78 1059.70

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 30.00 54.17 99.92 169.98 276.80 149.94 300.00 519.43 825.82 1146.07

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 30.66 50.00 85.00 130.00 186.16 171.00 211.00 346.00 507.15 663.73

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 85.00 110.81 144.58 210.80 253.50 385.00 531.44 667.00

Hospitals .................................................... – 29.20 81.08 100.12 135.94 210.80 253.50 385.00 507.15 601.00

Public administration ......................................... 23.31 50.00 84.00 128.00 182.00 140.23 209.20 342.24 505.14 698.84

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 21.75 51.45 88.62 123.44 177.74 102.00 202.24 352.22 583.64 796.95

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 20.00 43.40 100.00 149.57 203.40 – 218.43 413.51 593.00 796.95

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 33.23 57.03 87.99 105.18 165.91 113.00 193.33 306.56 531.20 697.83

100 workers or more .............................................. 28.00 49.56 85.76 137.14 214.54 180.00 248.28 400.00 620.43 972.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 23.83 50.00 85.00 135.94 214.54 140.23 209.20 355.04 590.92 990.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 28.68 47.91 88.17 137.72 215.00 199.40 276.25 433.08 627.73 940.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $29.20 $50.00 $87.99 $124.00 $170.00 $171.00 $211.00 $340.00 $507.15 $593.00

Local government .................................................. 23.83 50.00 87.67 143.96 228.70 152.98 255.00 432.00 663.73 1024.44

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 54.17 84.59 117.21 177.01 233.73 – 253.73 384.18 469.10 590.88

New England ..................................................... 73.97 119.18 162.75 184.50 250.00 208.15 306.55 412.94 494.22 590.88

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 44.98 68.09 115.29 160.34 215.20 – 196.50 353.50 452.67 587.50

South ..................................................................... 20.00 38.00 79.12 128.00 182.77 186.00 312.79 501.86 651.25 956.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 20.00 37.28 73.75 110.50 163.34 180.00 253.50 419.08 598.70 796.95

East South Central ............................................ 16.25 – – 116.00 163.62 219.00 342.24 480.88 667.00 –

West South Central ........................................... 30.00 52.39 92.80 157.10 242.00 219.00 350.66 546.74 666.44 1020.00

Midwest ................................................................. 28.68 51.45 86.00 118.32 193.33 133.99 211.00 321.52 647.00 1146.07

East North Central ............................................. 30.00 65.45 88.31 126.86 216.00 133.99 211.00 289.06 583.00 1156.12

West North Central ............................................ 24.98 32.42 67.71 100.12 172.04 – 215.33 387.85 716.22 1146.07

West ...................................................................... 29.20 45.53 83.03 134.00 226.62 – 203.98 318.60 586.84 924.00

Mountain ............................................................ 16.75 38.78 54.47 89.20 164.61 140.23 211.60 322.80 641.00 974.90

Pacific ................................................................ 34.26 52.65 102.81 168.14 268.44 89.31 199.29 303.60 560.96 913.06

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State

and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $4.02 $1.85 $1.91 $3.14 $6.97 $23.17 $7.29 $7.69 $12.21 $36.54

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.45 2.62 5.95 7.87 17.88 20.41 8.59 20.47 24.69 21.71

Professional and related .................................... 1.72 4.07 6.31 7.08 13.75 20.83 9.03 23.82 17.00 38.43

Teachers ........................................................ 1.99 6.05 3.57 7.15 25.05 15.07 19.49 12.72 31.87 35.31

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.16 5.83 3.84 9.26 25.13 16.16 27.12 13.79 44.10 19.96

Service ................................................................... 3.51 2.65 2.68 3.98 3.50 7.00 6.94 15.85 0.64 50.31

Protective service .............................................. – 2.15 4.42 4.52 9.16 19.01 18.72 9.18 27.84 13.00

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.94 4.90 6.59 4.15 8.36 30.59 13.13 18.20 6.16 55.30

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.14 5.24 6.18 2.71 9.18 28.01 12.79 18.31 4.87 57.15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.19 6.89 7.96 2.71 9.75 28.54 37.91 22.59 67.28 58.52

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 4.88 11.38 11.11 25.44 – 21.98 25.05 68.52 117.26

Full time ................................................................. 3.57 2.52 2.29 3.43 4.95 21.94 8.43 8.58 8.24 36.81

Part time ................................................................ 8.54 13.66 7.55 30.38 17.32 8.88 37.82 39.92 87.66 61.73

Union ..................................................................... 1.52 5.90 3.56 10.52 10.44 12.08 15.80 14.31 18.95 23.22

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.51 2.91 4.76 4.99 5.47 2.26 14.52 18.65 24.52 45.25

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.82 4.51 2.20 5.17 7.65 0.00 19.45 17.41 14.72 51.91

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.82 3.83 13.62 6.30 5.74 6.69 24.30 9.21 47.61 44.76

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.90 2.78 1.98 4.05 10.45 28.52 12.47 12.96 27.80 16.43

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5.66 3.88 2.18 4.02 15.92 10.99 7.14 22.91 17.53 17.93

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.50 6.02 2.73 7.16 20.88 18.13 13.85 28.62 42.53 51.28

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.30 7.84 11.13 5.43 – 29.96 26.79 19.08 40.25 145.73

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.81 1.89 2.11 3.02 8.70 24.47 7.17 7.91 16.08 34.59

Education and health services ........................... 1.50 3.95 5.99 7.53 11.05 11.43 15.47 14.74 12.65 27.56

Educational services ...................................... 2.13 4.49 3.31 8.13 7.82 24.44 19.39 16.73 32.01 23.21

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.97 5.42 2.60 6.01 23.90 22.51 13.21 36.27 36.49 24.71

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.58 7.29 4.11 12.17 18.11 47.97 3.43 45.10 30.11 42.01

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 3.37 9.60 12.15 1.67 9.31 13.00 69.24 18.70

Hospitals .................................................... – 2.61 8.45 9.25 16.32 0.22 12.77 27.78 43.87 77.96

Public administration ......................................... 4.09 2.15 3.33 3.14 7.49 27.38 11.36 6.86 18.19 55.14

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.64 4.53 7.09 6.12 2.38 16.25 25.80 21.27 19.02 82.01

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.33 8.53 8.57 5.55 29.59 – 32.98 32.23 28.08 164.81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.80 10.04 2.96 7.22 13.68 18.67 30.92 10.98 43.20 65.51

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.68 2.19 2.29 2.03 9.71 0.87 8.47 17.88 25.35 19.23

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6.08 1.56 2.27 9.10 13.66 31.49 6.07 18.25 50.47 51.30

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.98 3.23 3.69 3.11 13.57 9.37 10.76 17.82 20.36 40.43

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State

and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $2.07 $5.45 $4.21 $7.32 $7.87 $11.00 $1.25 $19.47 $21.12 $23.38

Local government .................................................. 3.45 1.66 2.11 8.83 17.07 22.19 11.06 17.89 11.21 38.90

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5.80 11.44 5.22 6.91 24.04 – 21.97 20.01 15.46 23.59

New England ..................................................... 17.50 12.64 7.20 5.43 14.15 35.49 26.79 23.76 3.00 47.95

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 10.11 4.63 3.11 8.55 27.24 – 27.20 40.20 0.00 71.75

South ..................................................................... 1.09 5.12 6.03 3.97 7.60 10.87 15.00 19.50 11.79 35.60

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.16 8.93 1.65 5.17 9.60 0.00 18.18 45.58 15.64 14.20

East South Central ............................................ 4.59 – – 23.29 15.49 35.19 9.74 6.59 0.00 –

West South Central ........................................... 4.51 9.12 11.39 7.39 10.23 31.01 7.32 22.66 29.50 34.88

Midwest ................................................................. 4.20 7.92 2.49 12.00 42.74 28.67 0.70 15.62 54.07 21.00

East North Central ............................................. 7.12 12.93 1.83 10.71 59.51 30.92 0.93 18.17 46.45 197.06

West North Central ............................................ 6.40 3.25 12.06 8.93 28.08 – 21.78 9.29 76.83 43.07

West ...................................................................... 7.67 2.99 5.39 14.49 17.61 – 14.22 28.96 50.00 70.70

Mountain ............................................................ 4.65 7.43 5.27 5.56 29.89 12.91 13.37 91.63 85.48 100.65

Pacific ................................................................ 4.44 12.41 20.42 28.54 21.64 25.20 21.62 33.92 80.21 62.66

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 81 79 98 26 25 96 38 37 97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 83 81 98 25 24 95 40 39 97

Professional and related .................................... 82 80 98 24 23 95 40 38 97

Teachers ........................................................ 81 80 98 22 20 94 39 38 97

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 86 85 98 20 19 95 38 37 97

Service ................................................................... 75 73 97 25 24 98 31 30 98

Protective service .............................................. 86 84 97 29 29 99 32 32 100

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 79 97 29 28 98 38 38 98

Office and administrative support ...................... 82 80 97 28 28 98 38 38 98

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 90 88 99 32 31 96 38 37 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 78 98 29 26 91 33 32 96

Full time ................................................................. 91 89 98 28 27 96 42 41 98

Part time ................................................................ 24 22 95 14 14 94 13 12 91

Union ..................................................................... 88 87 98 26 26 98 38 37 98

Nonunion ............................................................... 75 73 97 25 24 95 38 37 97

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 65 63 97 20 19 93 29 28 97

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 52 50 97 17 16 92 24 23 96

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 85 98 30 29 97 40 39 98

Third 25 percent ................................................ 87 85 98 26 25 96 42 41 98

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 86 98 28 27 98 42 40 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 84 82 97 34 33 99 37 35 96

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 81 79 98 26 25 96 38 37 97

Education and health services ........................... 82 80 97 24 22 94 40 38 96

Educational services ...................................... 81 79 98 23 21 94 38 37 97

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 79 77 98 21 19 94 34 33 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 84 97 30 28 93 48 46 96

Health care and social assistance ................. 88 84 96 30 29 97 52 49 95

Hospitals .................................................... 88 84 95 40 39 98 62 59 95

Public administration ......................................... 84 81 97 30 30 99 35 34 99

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 74 73 98 22 21 95 34 34 98

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 70 69 98 25 24 96 32 32 99

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 77 98 18 17 95 36 35 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 83 81 97 27 26 96 39 38 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 77 75 97 22 21 97 35 34 98

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 84 97 30 29 96 41 39 97

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 90 87 97 29 28 95 38 37 98

Local government .................................................. 78 77 98 25 24 96 38 36 97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 82 80 98 34 34 99 16 16 99

New England ..................................................... 82 75 92 11 11 100 17 17 99

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 82 82 99 42 41 99 15 15 99

South ..................................................................... 82 80 97 23 22 94 34 33 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 85 82 97 34 31 93 46 44 96

East South Central ............................................ 74 71 96 – – – 32 31 97

West South Central ........................................... 82 80 97 13 12 97 17 17 99

Midwest ................................................................. 81 79 98 22 21 92 56 55 98

East North Central ............................................. 80 78 97 31 29 91 63 61 97

West North Central ............................................ 81 80 99 6 6 96 44 44 99

West ...................................................................... 79 78 98 27 27 100 44 43 97

Mountain ............................................................ 82 82 100 29 29 99 62 60 96

Pacific ................................................................ 78 77 98 26 26 100 36 35 97

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 1.3 0.5 1.6 1.6 1.1 2.4 2.4 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.5 1.4 0.5 1.6 1.5 0.7 2.4 2.3 0.3

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.4 0.5 1.9 1.9 0.5 1.9 1.9 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.6 1.6 0.5 2.7 2.7 0.4 2.8 2.8 0.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.5 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.3 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 2.2 0.6 4.8 4.5 1.6 4.7 4.4 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 4.5 0.7 3.9 3.8 4.8 3.2 3.1 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.2 2.3 1.3 1.2 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.6 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.5 0.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 2.1 0.7 1.8 1.7 2.6 1.6 1.5 1.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.8 1.8 0.6 2.3 2.3 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.3 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.7 0.6 2.1 2.1 0.4 1.8 1.7 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.9 1.9 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 2.0 1.9 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.7 0.6 1.8 1.9 1.4 2.7 2.7 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 1.9 1.3 3.6 3.4 1.2 3.9 3.7 1.9

Hospitals .................................................... 2.8 2.4 1.7 4.5 4.2 1.1 3.9 3.9 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.7 1.7 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.8 0.4 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 2.8 0.8 3.3 3.2 2.6 3.2 3.2 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2 0.4 2.4 2.1 2.7 3.0 3.0 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 1.8 0.4 2.2 2.1 1.6 2.3 2.2 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.4 1.4 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.5

Local government .................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.8 0.7 2.3 2.2 0.8 1.9 1.9 0.5

New England ..................................................... 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.0 0.0 2.3 2.3 0.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.2 3.1 2.9 0.9 2.6 2.6 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.9 2.0 1.2 2.1 2.1 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 1.3 0.6 3.2 3.5 1.7 3.3 3.3 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 2.1 0.7 – – – 6.1 5.8 0.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 2.3 0.7 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.5 0.4

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 2.1 0.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 2.8 2.8 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 2.9 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.0 2.3 2.3 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 2.6 2.4 0.4 2.5 2.3 1.6 6.5 6.6 0.5

West ...................................................................... 2.2 2.0 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.3 2.6 2.5 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 4.4 0.3 4.9 4.8 0.9 7.1 6.9 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.2 0.2 1.5 1.5 3 ( ) 2.2 2.2 0.9

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 10 90

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 11 89

Teachers ........................................................ 11 89

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10 90

Service ................................................................... 9 91

Protective service .............................................. 7 93

Sales and office ..................................................... 10 90

Office and administrative support ...................... 9 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 93

Full time ................................................................. 10 90

Part time ................................................................ 14 86

Union ..................................................................... 9 91

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 89

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 12 88

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 14 86

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 92

Third 25 percent ................................................ 8 92

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12 88

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 11 89

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 90

Education and health services ........................... 12 88

Educational services ...................................... 11 89

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14 86

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 87

Hospitals .................................................... 10 90

Public administration ......................................... 7 93

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 91

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 9 91

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8 92

100 workers or more .............................................. 10 90

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 92

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 13 87

Local government .................................................. 9 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14 86

New England ..................................................... 41 59

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6 94

South ..................................................................... 10 90

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 90

East South Central ............................................ 13 87

West South Central ........................................... 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 12 88

East North Central ............................................. 14 86

West North Central ............................................ 7 93

West ...................................................................... 5 95

Mountain ............................................................ 8 92

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers,

March 2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.8 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 3.2 3.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.4 2.4

Hospitals .................................................... 2.4 2.4

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.0 2.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 2.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers,

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 1.4 1.4

Local government .................................................. 0.6 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 1.7

New England ..................................................... 4.0 4.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.9

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.0 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 2.0

West North Central ............................................ 0.6 0.6

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local government

workers, March 2017

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 36 1 53 6 4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 35 1 54 5 4

Professional and related .................................... 34 1 55 5 4

Teachers ........................................................ 30 1 60 5 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 27 1 63 4 6

Service ................................................................... 36 2 54 6 2

Protective service .............................................. 35 2 53 7 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 38 2 51 6 4

Office and administrative support ...................... 38 1 51 6 4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 – 53 7 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 36 – 44 17 –

Full time ................................................................. 36 1 53 6 4

Part time ................................................................ 31 – 60 – 3

Union ..................................................................... 32 1 58 8 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 40 1 48 4 7

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 36 1 55 3 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 40 – 53 3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 2 51 6 2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 35 1 52 7 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 34 1 56 6 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 – 60 6 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 1 53 6 4

Education and health services ........................... 35 1 55 4 4

Educational services ...................................... 32 1 58 4 5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 1 64 3 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 44 2 45 7 3

Health care and social assistance ................. 57 – 35 4 –

Hospitals .................................................... 64 – 29 – –

Public administration ......................................... 36 2 52 7 3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 – 62 – 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 21 – 67 – 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 36 – 59 – 3

100 workers or more .............................................. 38 1 51 7 3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 34 2 54 6 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 40 1 50 7 3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

State government .................................................. 40 1 47 7 5

Local government .................................................. 35 1 56 5 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 33 – 51 12 –

New England ..................................................... 19 – 74 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 38 – 44 14 –

South ..................................................................... 41 1 46 4 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 54 – 30 – 14

East South Central ............................................ 44 – 39 13 –

West South Central ........................................... 21 – 74 4 –

Midwest ................................................................. 40 1 52 5 2

East North Central ............................................. 41 – 53 4 –

West North Central ............................................ 39 – 49 7 –

West ...................................................................... 26 1 69 4 1

Mountain ............................................................ 40 – 56 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 19 1 75 5 1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State

and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 0.2 1.5 0.6 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 0.2 1.6 0.8 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 0.2 1.8 0.7 1.7

Service ................................................................... 2.1 0.6 2.0 0.8 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 3.6 0.9 3.6 1.1 0.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.2 0.6 2.7 0.9 0.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.3 0.4 2.7 0.9 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.4 – 5.5 1.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.6 – 3.7 3.3 –

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 3.4 – 3.4 – 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.7 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 0.4 1.8 0.7 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 – 2.6 1.2 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.4 1.6 0.6 0.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 0.4 1.6 1.0 1.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.3 1.6 0.7 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 – 2.3 1.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 0.3 1.3 0.6 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.2 1.7 0.6 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 0.6 2.7 1.4 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.1 – 3.5 1.2 –

Hospitals .................................................... 6.0 – 4.7 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 0.4 2.5 0.6 0.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.6 – 2.9 – 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.0 – 3.8 – 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.6 – 3.8 – 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.3 0.5 2.4 1.5 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 0.4 1.6 0.6 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State

and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

State government .................................................. 1.9 0.4 1.8 0.9 0.9

Local government .................................................. 1.3 0.3 1.4 0.5 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 – 2.0 1.1 –

New England ..................................................... 3.2 – 2.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 – 2.1 1.4 –

South ..................................................................... 1.6 0.4 1.4 0.7 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.6 – 2.0 – 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 – 3.4 2.2 –

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 – 2.7 1.0 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.8 0.3 3.2 1.2 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 – 3.6 1.3 –

West North Central ............................................ 6.2 – 6.0 2.2 –

West ...................................................................... 1.9 0.3 1.8 0.7 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.4 – 3.3 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 0.4 2.0 0.8 0.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, State and local

government workers, March 2017

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. – 49 20 26 5 1.5 1.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 47 22 26 5 1.5 1.4

Professional and related .................................... – 48 23 24 5 1.5 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ – 44 25 24 8 1.5 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 47 28 21 – 1.5 1.3

Service ................................................................... – 52 18 21 9 1.5 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 51 – 24 – 1.6 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 50 19 28 3 1.4 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 51 19 28 3 1.4 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 53 12 33 – 1.4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 48 – 30 – 1.4 1.3

Full time ................................................................. – 49 20 26 5 1.5 1.3

Part time ................................................................ – 53 15 29 – 1.4 –

Union ..................................................................... – 49 28 15 8 1.5 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... – 48 14 35 3 1.5 1.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 53 19 25 3 1.4 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 51 22 24 2 1.4 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 48 20 27 5 1.5 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 52 18 26 4 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 43 22 26 9 1.6 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 39 22 28 10 1.6 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 49 20 26 5 1.5 1.3

Education and health services ........................... – 46 23 25 6 1.5 1.5

Educational services ...................................... – 42 24 28 7 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 44 26 25 4 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 39 18 32 11 1.6 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. – 59 19 – – 1.4 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 64 16 – – 1.4 1.0

Public administration ......................................... – 53 18 24 6 1.4 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 57 17 22 – 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 58 – – – 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 57 22 – – 1.4 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – 47 21 27 6 1.5 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 41 26 28 5 1.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... – 49 19 26 6 1.5 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

State government .................................................. – 50 20 23 7 1.5 1.1

Local government .................................................. – 48 20 27 5 1.5 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 34 45 8 13 1.6 1.5

New England ..................................................... – 50 – – – 1.5 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 32 48 7 13 1.6 1.5

South ..................................................................... – 49 12 36 2 1.5 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... – 48 13 36 – 1.5 1.3

East South Central ............................................ – 51 – 43 – 1.5 –

West South Central ........................................... – 52 – 31 – 1.5 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 48 23 22 6 1.4 –

East North Central ............................................. – 51 13 28 9 1.5 –

West North Central ............................................ – 44 43 11 – 1.3 –

West ...................................................................... – 63 10 23 – 1.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 54 – 31 – 1.4 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 72 – 13 – 1.4 1.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. – 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.0 2 ( ) 0.2

Professional and related .................................... – 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.2 2 ( ) 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ – 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.2 0.1 0.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.3 2.8 3.1 – 0.1 0.2

Service ................................................................... – 4.0 2.8 3.1 2.5 0.1 0.3

Protective service .............................................. – 6.7 – 5.6 – 0.1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 3.6 2.9 3.9 0.8 2 () –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 3.6 2.8 3.9 0.8 2 () –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 4.4 3.2 4.0 – 2 () –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 6.5 – 6.7 – 0.1 0.4

Full time ................................................................. – 1.9 1.8 1.8 0.9 2 ( ) 0.3

Part time ................................................................ – 7.5 2.9 7.3 – 0.1 –

Union ..................................................................... – 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.5 2 ( ) 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... – 2.3 1.9 2.3 0.7 2 ( ) 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.6 3.1 2.8 0.9 2 ( ) 0.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 5.5 5.1 4.0 0.6 2 () –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 2.9 2.8 2.6 0.9 2 ( ) 0.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.1 2 ( ) 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 2.5 1.8 2.1 2.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 3.8 3.7 3.2 2.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.3

Education and health services ........................... – 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.1 2 ( ) 0.2

Educational services ...................................... – 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 3.2 3.0 3.2 1.8 0.1 0.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.3 4.2 4.2 1.7 2 ( ) 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 5.9 4.5 – – 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 5.5 4.0 – – 0.1 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 3.8 3.7 3.5 1.7 2 ( ) 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 5.4 4.9 5.0 – 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 9.6 – – – 0.1 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 7.3 6.4 – – 0.1 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. – 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 3.6 3.0 3.5 1.8 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.0 2 ( ) 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

State government .................................................. – 2.6 3.1 2.3 1.4 2 ( ) 0.3

Local government .................................................. – 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.0 2 ( ) 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 3.4 2.7 2.5 2.8 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 7.6 – – – 0.1 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.4 2.4 2.5 3.4 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 2.8 2.3 3.1 1.0 2 ( ) 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.7 2.3 3.3 – 2 ( ) 0.2

East South Central ............................................ – 10.9 – 12.3 – 0.1 –

West South Central ........................................... – 7.5 – 6.4 – 0.1 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 3.4 4.5 3.6 1.5 2 () –

East North Central ............................................. – 3.2 2.4 4.8 2.2 2 () –

West North Central ............................................ – 7.5 10.9 3.3 – 2 () –

West ...................................................................... – 4.6 2.8 3.5 – 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 7.2 – 5.4 – 0.1 0.2

Pacific ................................................................ – 6.3 – 3.7 – 0.1 0.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers, March

2017

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 57 $50,000 $50,000 $150,000 $300,000 $500,000 43

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 55 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 45

Professional and related .................................... 54 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 46

Teachers ........................................................ 48 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 400,000 52

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 44 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 – 56

Service ................................................................... 54 40,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 46

Protective service .............................................. 58 40,000 – 150,000 300,000 – 42

Sales and office ..................................................... 63 40,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 64 40,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 36

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 69 50,000 100,000 – 300,000 – 31

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 68 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 32

Full time ................................................................. 58 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 42

Part time ................................................................ 31 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 69

Union ..................................................................... 59 40,000 50,000 150,000 250,000 500,000 41

Nonunion ............................................................... 56 50,000 50,000 150,000 320,000 500,000 44

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 59 40,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 54 50,000 – 100,000 – 500,000 46

Second 25 percent ............................................ 63 – 50,000 150,000 250,000 500,000 37

Third 25 percent ................................................ 58 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 42

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 50 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 50

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 49 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 51

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 57 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 43

Education and health services ........................... 54 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 46

Educational services ...................................... 51 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 49

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 45 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 – 55

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 63 – 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 37

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 37

Hospitals .................................................... 66 50,000 – – 500,000 500,000 34

Public administration ......................................... 59 40,000 – – 300,000 500,000 41

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 43 40,000 – – 250,000 500,000 57

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 57 40,000 – – – – 43

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 36 – – – 250,000 – 64

100 workers or more .............................................. 60 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 40

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 54 40,000 50,000 – – 350,000 46

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 37

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 60 $40,000 $50,000 – $200,000 $400,000 40

Local government .................................................. 56 50,000 – $175,000 300,000 500,000 44

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 32 40,000 40,000 40,000 – – 68

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 33 40,000 40,000 40,000 – – 67

South ..................................................................... 59 50,000 – 150,000 300,000 500,000 41

South Atlantic .................................................... 51 50,000 100,000 200,000 350,000 500,000 49

West South Central ........................................... 69 50,000 50,000 – – – 31

Midwest ................................................................. 56 – 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 44

East North Central ............................................. 57 50,000 50,000 – 200,000 – 43

West North Central ............................................ 54 – – – 400,000 500,000 46

West ...................................................................... 81 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 19

Mountain ............................................................ 79 50,000 100,000 175,000 300,000 500,000 21

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.9 $7,954.24 $0.00 $3,649.66 $64,517.44 $0.00 1.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.5 1,824.83 0.00 32,038.61 67,048.49 0.00 2.5

Professional and related .................................... 2.8 0.00 0.00 – 64,517.44 0.00 2.8

Teachers ........................................................ 4.0 0.00 0.00 – 18,248.29 65,795.14 4.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.0 0.00 0.00 – 30,261.36 – 5.0

Service ................................................................... 3.2 7,742.09 9,124.14 0.00 60,522.72 0.00 3.2

Protective service .............................................. 4.6 7,523.96 – 0.00 63,705.87 – 4.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.8 5,770.62 0.00 – 70,083.88 0.00 3.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.7 5,474.49 0.00 – 61,882.95 0.00 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.8 0.00 12,903.49 – 41,812.08 – 4.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.3 11,684.61 0.00 – – 145,128.39 5.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 9,482.09 0.00 0.00 65,159.42 0.00 1.9

Part time ................................................................ 5.2 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00 5.2

Union ..................................................................... 3.4 0.00 0.00 42,395.37 12,903.49 87,515.71 3.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 0.00 10,834.32 10,201.10 55,417.44 0.00 2.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 7,954.24 0.00 – 34,139.42 0.00 2.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.0 0.00 – 12,376.59 – 0.00 4.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.6 – 0.00 9,124.14 56,245.00 0.00 2.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.4 5,161.40 0.00 6,451.74 45,620.72 0.00 2.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3.3 0.00 0.00 – 50,801.08 70,675.31 3.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.3 13,031.88 0.00 – 62,551.98 129,678.45 4.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.9 6,579.51 0.00 5,474.49 55,500.00 0.00 1.9

Education and health services ........................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 24,260.62 51,613.95 0.00 2.5

Educational services ...................................... 2.6 0.00 0.00 24,753.18 15,803.48 51,613.95 2.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.9 0.00 0.00 – 32,897.57 – 3.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.3 – 0.00 28,621.32 30,261.36 0.00 3.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.5 14,368.72 0.00 – – 0.00 6.5

Hospitals .................................................... 8.3 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 8.3

Public administration ......................................... 4.0 11,396.05 – – 35,630.92 0.00 4.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.2 5,474.49 – – 57,162.60 0.00 5.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8.3 9,741.92 – – – – 8.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.6 – – – 74,684.34 – 6.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 4,080.44 0.00 4,594.80 32,897.57 0.00 1.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.8 2,580.70 0.00 – – 91,013.05 3.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.2 0.00 0.00 28,853.08 17,455.51 0.00 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 3.0 $912.41 $5,770.62 – $0.00 $79,542.44 3.0

Local government .................................................. 2.3 0.00 – $43,237.28 12,903.49 0.00 2.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.7 0.00 0.00 3,649.66 – – 3.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 – – 4.1

South ..................................................................... 2.6 0.00 – 31,606.96 34,139.42 0.00 2.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 53,786.03 0.00 2.9

West South Central ........................................... 7.5 0.00 0.00 – – – 7.5

Midwest ................................................................. 4.6 – 4,562.07 – 24,567.51 0.00 4.6

East North Central ............................................. 5.6 0.00 4,562.07 – 51,815.18 – 5.6

West North Central ............................................ 7.8 – – – 0.00 0.00 7.8

West ...................................................................... 3.9 0.00 0.00 25,400.54 20,402.21 83,604.25 3.9

Mountain ............................................................ 5.4 6,451.74 28,137.30 38,710.46 18,609.67 109,489.73 5.4

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 State and local

government workers, March 2017

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $5,000 $10,000 $25,000 $45,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Teachers ........................................................ 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Service ................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 10,000 25,000 – 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 5,000 10,000 25,000 45,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 10,000 – 25,000 50,000

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5,000 10,000 25,000 45,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 6,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5,000 – 25,000 41,116 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Hospitals .................................................... 5,000 – – 50,000 57,000

Public administration ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 – 28,000 50,000 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 15,000 25,000 45,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $5,000 $5,000 $20,000 $30,000 $50,000

Local government .................................................. – – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5,000 6,000 – 50,000 50,000

New England ..................................................... 5,000 5,000 – 40,000 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5,000 6,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

South ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 – 25,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 15,000 25,000 25,000 –

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 5,000 – – 20,000 40,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. – – 30,000 50,000 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... 5,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000 57,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $0.00 $5,544.00 $7,046.96 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,290.35 0.00

Teachers ........................................................ 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 1,290.35 0.00 0.00

Service ................................................................... 0.00 0.00 912.41 4,120.90 0.00

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 0.00 3,160.70 5,156.72 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 912.41 6,642.48 – 0.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 2,620.71 1,580.35 5,241.42 0.00

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 5,862.22 7,134.25 0.00

Part time ................................................................ – 1,974.38 5,913.12 6,477.50 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 912.41 9,195.04 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,849.48 0.00

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 0.00 – 5,345.22 0.00

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 5,164.62 6,766.65 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 0.00 6,948.74 9,544.05 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 4,161.25 0.00 0.00

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 446.99 – 1,824.83 0.00 0.00

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.00 0.00 6,158.63 7,293.31 0.00

Education and health services ........................... 364.97 0.00 0.00 2,166.86 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 816.09 1,907.36 0.00 2,599.98 0.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1,067.95 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – 0.00 9,329.03 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.00 – 6,386.90 12,704.67 6,996.50

Hospitals .................................................... 912.41 – – 6,552.27 9,894.54

Public administration ......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 11,906.88 0.00

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2,187.89 547.45 0.00 0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.00 0.00 4,562.07 0.00 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 – 4,562.07 0.00 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.00 0.00 3,667.86 1,869.73 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 3,102.21 3,413.94 7,221.21 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.00 0.00 2,234.95 1,824.83 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $0.00 $0.00 $2,885.31 $3,977.12 $0.00

Local government .................................................. – – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 2,885.31 0.00

New England ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 7,603.92 0.00

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.00 0.00 2,420.91 0.00 0.00

South ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 13,777.16

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.00 4,469.90 5,842.30 0.00 –

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 – – 3,026.14 0.00

Midwest ................................................................. 1,721.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

East North Central ............................................. – – 0.00 0.00 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 1,368.62 2,580.70 4,080.44 0.00 0.00

West ...................................................................... 0.00 1,824.83 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 2,737.24 0.00 10,303.42 0.00 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 6,052.27 0.00 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the employee’s

earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile

or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the

amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining

percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for

March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, State and local

government workers, March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 46 40 10 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 49 38 9 4

Professional and related .................................... 50 37 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 55 32 10 4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 53 38 6 3

Service ................................................................... 35 46 14 5

Protective service .............................................. 32 54 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 45 37 10 7

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 38 10 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 42 44 8 6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 54 31 – –

Full time ................................................................. 47 41 8 4

Part time ................................................................ 29 27 31 13

Union ..................................................................... 37 42 16 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 53 38 5 4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 41 39 10 10

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 35 40 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 48 8 5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 54 32 10 4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 47 39 11 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 45 39 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 46 39 10 5

Education and health services ........................... 51 35 9 5

Educational services ...................................... 50 34 10 6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 46 38 8 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 58 24 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 55 42 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 59 41 – –

Public administration ......................................... 36 46 13 5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 54 27 10 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 63 16 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 42 42 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 43 43 10 4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 40 41 15 5

500 workers or more .......................................... 45 43 8 4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

State government .................................................. 65 23 – –

Local government .................................................. 38 46 9 7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 44 33 –

New England ..................................................... 59 41 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 44 36 –

South ..................................................................... 65 34 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 74 25 – –

East South Central ............................................ – 61 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 45 36 – 18

East North Central ............................................. 46 34 – 20

West ...................................................................... 47 44 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 35 57 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 53 38 – –

1 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data

did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding, State

and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.1 2.0 0.7 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 2.6 2.4 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 4.3 3.1 1.7 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.7 3.9 1.5 1.1

Service ................................................................... 3.0 4.2 2.7 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 3.9 5.0 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.7 2.4 3.0 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.9 2.2 2.6 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.0 6.3 1.4 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.8 5.5 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 1.7 0.9 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 4.4 4.8 3.7 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 2.7 1.4 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.8 2.4 0.8 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.8 3.5 2.3 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.6 6.5 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.9 3.1 1.7 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.2 2.7 1.6 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3.2 2.8 1.0 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.5 3.4 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 2.2 1.3 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 2.5 1.4 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.0 3.4 1.7 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.2 4.2 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.3 5.1 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 5.7 5.7 – –

Public administration ......................................... 3.5 3.7 1.7 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.9 5.5 2.7 2.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.2 4.5 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.6 7.5 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.8 4.0 2.6 2.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 2.1 0.8 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding, State

and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

State government .................................................. 3.2 2.8 – –

Local government .................................................. 1.8 2.2 1.0 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 3.6 2.1 –

New England ..................................................... 11.3 11.3 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.8 2.0 –

South ..................................................................... 1.9 1.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 2.1 – –

East South Central ............................................ – 12.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 3.3 5.8 – 3.1

East North Central ............................................. 3.4 6.1 – 3.4

West ...................................................................... 3.2 3.6 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 7.1 7.6 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.7 4.3 – –

1 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 12 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 11 89

Teachers ........................................................ 13 87

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 12 88

Service ................................................................... 18 82

Protective service .............................................. 17 83

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 13 87

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 93

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12 88

Full time ................................................................. 11 89

Part time ................................................................ 27 73

Union ..................................................................... 17 83

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 92

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 10 90

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 11 89

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 88

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 16 84

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 15 85

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 12 88

Education and health services ........................... 12 88

Educational services ...................................... 12 88

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 13 87

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 11 89

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 85

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 76

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 10 90

Local government .................................................. 13 87

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 34 66

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 36 64

South ..................................................................... 4 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 7 93

East North Central ............................................. 7 93

West ...................................................................... 6 94

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in

this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 1.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.3 2.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.6 2.6

Service ................................................................... 3.6 3.6

Protective service .............................................. 4.4 4.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.2 3.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.9 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.1 3.1

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.3

Part time ................................................................ 3.2 3.2

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.2 2.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.1 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.2

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.6 3.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.1

Local government .................................................. 1.5 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.1 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.2 3.2

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.7

West ...................................................................... 2.6 2.6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local

government workers, March 2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. – – 88 8 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 86 10 3

Professional and related .................................... – – 86 9 4

Teachers ........................................................ – – 82 11 6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 82 9 7

Service ................................................................... – – 95 4 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 95 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 92 6 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 92 6 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 89 8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 74 – –

Full time ................................................................. – – 88 8 2

Part time ................................................................ – – 87 7 –

Union ..................................................................... – – 86 8 3

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 90 8 –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 92 6 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 92 5 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 90 7 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 89 9 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 83 10 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 82 14 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 88 8 2

Education and health services ........................... – – 86 10 4

Educational services ...................................... – – 85 11 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 87 7 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 79 19 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 92 5 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 92 – –

Public administration ......................................... – – 95 5 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 86 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 85 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 88 5 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 89 8 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 91 7 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 88 8 2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

State government .................................................. – – 87 10 –

Local government .................................................. – – 88 7 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 94 – –

New England ..................................................... – – 64 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 96 – –

South ..................................................................... – – 86 12 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 83 15 –

East South Central ............................................ – – 97 – –

Midwest ................................................................. – – 80 16 –

East North Central ............................................. – – 78 17 –

West ...................................................................... – – 91 3 6

Mountain ............................................................ – – 91 9 –

Pacific ................................................................ – – 91 – 9

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. – – 1.2 1.0 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 1.7 1.5 0.9

Professional and related .................................... – – 2.0 1.7 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ – – 2.9 2.2 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 3.2 1.6 1.7

Service ................................................................... – – 1.6 1.3 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 2.1 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.9 1.7 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1.6 1.3 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 3.8 2.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 5.9 – –

Full time ................................................................. – – 1.1 0.9 0.5

Part time ................................................................ – – 3.8 2.8 –

Union ..................................................................... – – 1.8 1.4 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 1.1 0.8 –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 1.8 1.4 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 3.0 2.1 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.8 1.4 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 1.8 1.4 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 2.2 1.9 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 2.3 2.7 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 1.2 1.0 0.6

Education and health services ........................... – – 1.8 1.6 1.1

Educational services ...................................... – – 2.0 1.9 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 2.2 1.3 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 3.3 4.0 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 3.1 1.1 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 2.3 – –

Public administration ......................................... – – 1.3 1.3 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 4.2 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 5.8 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 5.4 2.7 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 1.5 1.3 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 2.3 2.0 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 2.0 1.7 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

State government .................................................. – – 2.2 1.8 –

Local government .................................................. – – 1.6 1.4 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 1.4 – –

New England ..................................................... – – 8.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 1.4 – –

South ..................................................................... – – 2.8 2.4 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 3.7 3.2 –

East South Central ............................................ – – 2.0 – –

Midwest ................................................................. – – 3.0 1.6 –

East North Central ............................................. – – 3.2 1.7 –

West ...................................................................... – – 1.6 0.6 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.3 1.3 –

Pacific ................................................................ – – 2.4 – 2.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, State and local government workers, March

2017

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 87 13 22 26 26 52 13

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 88 13 21 26 26 52 12

Professional and related .................................... 89 13 21 26 – 52 11

Teachers ........................................................ 91 12 20 26 52 52 9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 88 12 13 26 – 52 12

Service ................................................................... 90 13 22 26 26 – 10

Protective service .............................................. 94 – 24 26 26 – 6

Sales and office ..................................................... 83 20 26 26 26 52 17

Office and administrative support ...................... 83 20 26 26 26 52 17

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 86 12 22 26 – 52 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 68 12 22 26 26 – 32

Full time ................................................................. 87 13 22 26 26 52 13

Part time ................................................................ 81 – 26 26 26 – 19

Union ..................................................................... 85 13 26 26 26 – 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 89 13 21 26 52 52 11

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 85 13 21 26 – 52 15

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 13 22 26 26 52 13

Third 25 percent ................................................ 88 13 24 26 – 52 12

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 87 13 24 26 26 – 13

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 13 22 26 26 – 6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 87 13 22 26 26 52 13

Education and health services ........................... 87 13 20 26 30 52 13

Educational services ...................................... 88 13 21 26 – 52 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 83 12 18 26 – 52 17

Public administration ......................................... 88 20 25 26 26 52 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 88 – 25 26 – 52 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 12 22 26 26 52 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 86 13 22 26 – 52 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 12 22 26 26 52 13

State government .................................................. 95 21 26 26 – 52 5

Local government .................................................. 84 12 20 26 26 52 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 93 26 26 26 26 26 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 26 26 26 26 26 7

Midwest ................................................................. 59 12 13 26 26 52 41

East North Central ............................................. 55 12 – 26 26 52 45

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, State and local government

workers, March 2017

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 0.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.3 1.4 0.0 – 0.0 1.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.1 5.8 0.0 12.3 0.0 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 0.0 1.1 0.3 – 0.0 2.4

Service ................................................................... 1.2 2.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 – 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 – 3.2 0.0 0.0 – 1.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.4 3.1 1.1 0.0 0.7 0.0 2.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.4 2.9 0.9 0.0 1.6 0.0 2.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.8 0.9 4.1 0.0 – 0.0 2.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.4 2.4 6.0 0.0 0.0 – 6.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 4.2 – 0.8 0.0 0.0 – 4.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 – 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 5.1 0.0 2.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.2 1.3 1.0 0.0 – 0.0 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 1.3 1.8 0.0 – 0.0 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 – 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 1.4 3.9 0.0 0.0 – 2.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 1.1 2.1 0.0 8.9 0.0 2.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.0 2.4 0.0 – 0.0 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.0 0.4 3.9 0.0 – 0.0 2.0

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 5.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.4 – 1.0 0.0 – 0.0 3.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.9 1.8 3.2 0.0 – 0.0 2.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 0.8 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0

State government .................................................. 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 0.0 2.5

Local government .................................................. 1.2 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 2.9 0.0 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government workers, March

2017

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. – 34 – 24 24 10 60.3 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 34 – 21 26 10 60.6 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 33 – 22 27 11 61.1 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 36 – 12 35 13 62.5 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 35 – 13 37 13 63.0 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 32 – 33 21 11 59.8 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 32 – 33 22 11 60.0 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 36 11 20 25 – 59.1 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 36 11 20 25 – 59.1 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 32 – 30 17 – 62.6 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 44 – 31 – – 58.9 60.0

Full time ................................................................. – 33 – 25 25 11 60.5 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 52 8 13 – 9 57.4 50.0

Union ..................................................................... – 26 10 19 36 8 61.5 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 42 – 28 14 12 59.1 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 45 – 31 14 9 57.9 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 40 – 33 19 – 58.7 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 29 – 24 28 10 60.8 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 39 – 25 21 11 60.2 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 28 12 17 31 – 61.6 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 23 13 15 40 – 62.1 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 35 – 24 24 10 60.2 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 34 – 18 25 12 60.9 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 38 – 12 28 13 61.3 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 40 4 12 32 12 61.5 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 32 21 11 21 – 60.9 55.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 18 46 – 9 59.3 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – – 21 42 – – 58.8 60.0

Public administration ......................................... – 38 2 28 24 8 59.0 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 48 – 27 13 – 58.0 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 53 – 27 – – 56.5 50.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 40 – 28 14 – 59.9 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – 31 – 23 27 10 60.8 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 38 – 30 27 – 58.0 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 29 – 21 27 13 61.8 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

State government .................................................. – 33 15 29 14 – 59.4 60.0

Local government .................................................. – 35 4 22 28 11 60.6 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 22 – 9 57 6 62.4 67.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 23 6 8 59 – 61.9 67.0

South ..................................................................... – 49 – 27 10 14 60.1 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 63 – – 8 12 57.9 50.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 46 – 17 18 19 60.1 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 51 – 15 16 17 59.4 50.0

West ...................................................................... – 22 20 41 11 5 58.3 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 64 23 – 61.4 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 30 31 29 6 4 56.7 55.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. – 1.7 – 2.0 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 2.2 – 2.2 2.0 1.6 0.7 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 2.7 – 2.3 2.3 1.8 0.8 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 3.2 – 1.8 3.3 2.5 1.1 3.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 4.0 – 1.9 4.1 3.1 1.2 8.3

Service ................................................................... – 3.0 – 3.8 2.8 2.4 0.6 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 3.7 – 5.1 4.5 3.1 0.7 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 2.6 2.6 3.1 3.3 – 0.7 0.5

Office and administrative support ...................... – 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.2 – 0.7 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 5.1 – 5.7 4.3 – 2.0 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 9.1 – 6.3 – – 1.7 6.0

Full time ................................................................. – 1.8 – 2.1 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 6.4 2.0 3.1 – 2.0 1.3 5.3

Union ..................................................................... – 2.0 1.3 1.7 2.4 1.7 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 2.8 – 2.8 1.9 2.1 0.8 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.5 – 3.2 2.6 2.0 0.7 2.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 7.4 – 6.8 5.4 – 1.2 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 3.2 – 3.0 2.7 1.8 0.7 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 3.8 – 3.0 2.7 2.0 0.8 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 2.5 2.2 2.3 3.0 – 0.7 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 2.7 1.8 3.4 4.8 – 0.9 6.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 1.7 – 2.0 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 2.6 – 2.7 2.1 2.0 0.9 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 2.5 – 1.4 2.0 2.3 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 3.0 0.8 1.5 2.4 2.6 1.0 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.4 2.2 2.5 3.7 – 2.0 3.1

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 4.4 10.8 – 2.6 1.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – – 5.5 12.3 – – 1.2 1.6

Public administration ......................................... – 2.5 0.3 2.2 2.4 2.1 0.5 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 4.1 – 3.9 2.8 – 0.9 7.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 5.3 – 5.9 – – 1.1 6.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 6.4 – 5.4 3.5 – 1.7 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. – 2.2 – 2.4 1.9 1.4 0.6 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 4.5 – 4.5 5.6 – 0.8 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.8 – 2.7 1.8 2.0 0.9 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

State government .................................................. – 2.4 1.6 3.0 2.5 – 1.0 1.1

Local government .................................................. – 2.1 0.6 2.4 1.7 1.7 0.5 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.4 – 2.0 3.1 2.5 0.7 0.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 2.7 0.9 1.8 3.4 – 0.7 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 4.6 – 4.3 2.2 3.2 1.4 11.1

South Atlantic .................................................... – 6.0 – – 1.8 2.6 0.9 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 3.5 – 3.1 2.9 3.2 1.1 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 3.1 – 3.0 2.4 3.1 1.2 10.2

West ...................................................................... – 2.8 2.3 4.1 2.8 1.6 0.4 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 8.9 6.2 – 0.4 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.7 2.7 4.0 2.8 1.5 0.5 1.4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2017

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 75 $170 $200 $615 $800 $1,500 25

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 79 185 200 615 716 1,150 21

Professional and related .................................... 80 185 200 615 692 1,150 20

Teachers ........................................................ 85 200 225 692 692 1,000 15

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 84 200 225 692 692 1,000 16

Service ................................................................... 74 170 200 615 1,000 – 26

Protective service .............................................. 77 135 200 633 1,000 2,300 23

Sales and office ..................................................... 73 185 200 604 716 1,385 27

Office and administrative support ...................... 72 170 200 604 692 1,385 28

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 170 – 692 1,000 1,500 39

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 59 170 170 – 692 1,000 41

Full time ................................................................. 76 170 200 633 831 1,500 24

Part time ................................................................ 69 170 170 185 615 716 31

Union ..................................................................... 77 135 185 – 633 1,000 23

Nonunion ............................................................... 73 185 500 692 1,000 1,750 27

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 170 – 692 923 1,270 28

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 78 170 – 633 1,000 1,270 22

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 185 200 576 923 1,500 28

Third 25 percent ................................................ 77 170 – 692 1,000 1,500 23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 79 170 185 570 692 1,000 21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 83 – 185 225 633 800 17

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 75 170 200 615 800 1,500 25

Education and health services ........................... 78 185 200 633 808 – 22

Educational services ...................................... 78 185 200 615 692 1,000 22

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 76 185 200 615 692 1,000 24

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 84 185 185 595 692 923 16

Health care and social assistance ................. 79 185 – 961 – – 21

Public administration ......................................... 70 135 200 600 – 1,500 30

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 70 135 135 594 692 1,270 30

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 135 135 – 692 – 32

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 73 135 – 692 – 1,270 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 185 200 615 831 1,500 24

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 75 170 – 692 900 1,000 25

500 workers or more .......................................... 77 185 200 600 808 1,662 23

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 82 $135 $185 $595 $692 – 18

Local government .................................................. 72 170 200 615 961 $1,500 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 93 170 185 200 615 716 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 96 170 185 200 604 633 4

South ..................................................................... 78 500 600 692 692 1,000 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 82 500 692 692 692 – 18

Midwest ................................................................. 30 – 580 923 1,270 1,500 70

East North Central ............................................. 27 – 580 923 1,000 1,500 73

West ...................................................................... 80 135 185 594 1,385 2,310 20

Pacific ................................................................ 80 135 135 185 594 1,075 20

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.7 $0.00 $0.00 $15.14 $88.88 $136.00 1.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.3 17.09 0.00 22.59 73.50 339.39 2.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.4 17.53 10.20 32.42 109.33 317.55 2.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.8 5.47 13.69 85.47 0.00 46.60 2.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.0 0.00 23.26 57.93 0.00 27.37 3.0

Service ................................................................... 2.3 12.77 21.36 26.48 19.36 – 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 0.00 33.29 52.83 179.66 13.66 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.2 21.90 4.56 22.66 51.01 330.38 3.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.0 18.36 0.00 20.76 67.35 318.65 3.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.0 21.18 – 46.54 68.11 20.99 6.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7.2 0.00 0.00 – 26.00 198.91 7.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.7 3.87 12.07 31.68 106.47 41.97 1.7

Part time ................................................................ 4.0 48.22 0.00 38.08 39.62 38.92 4.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 38.71 0.00 – 80.03 92.27 2.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.8 7.74 47.32 0.00 75.67 510.49 2.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.5 11.29 – 15.23 189.56 314.33 2.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.2 9.48 – 109.11 235.39 303.74 4.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.9 21.90 0.00 23.22 148.38 95.81 2.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.5 0.00 – 0.00 157.95 286.99 2.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 23.03 14.22 164.17 24.66 94.28 2.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.3 – 0.00 26.60 49.80 91.73 3.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.7 0.00 0.00 15.41 96.01 196.92 1.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 0.00 12.07 67.65 143.56 – 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.6 0.00 9.12 30.71 0.00 34.42 2.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.1 16.65 28.85 101.32 0.00 72.42 3.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.0 8.21 0.00 1.64 0.00 62.82 4.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.0 0.00 – 214.16 – – 6.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.7 11.06 0.00 39.61 – 0.00 2.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6.3 0.00 33.80 79.92 35.74 355.68 6.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8.4 1.82 9.03 – 0.00 – 8.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.6 0.00 – 53.54 – 251.83 6.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.1 7.24 0.00 13.72 104.73 168.45 2.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.7 36.93 – 75.98 180.62 0.00 3.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.0 0.00 0.00 13.02 130.55 385.41 3.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 2.5 $0.00 $0.00 $38.84 $0.00 – 2.5

Local government .................................................. 2.2 0.00 0.00 21.52 163.38 $86.53 2.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 0.00 9.48 11.17 16.55 135.45 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 0.00 9.87 7.90 12.16 0.00 1.6

South ..................................................................... 3.7 37.32 71.91 0.00 5.11 67.05 3.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.8 31.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 3.8

Midwest ................................................................. 6.1 – 155.51 0.00 162.14 132.38 6.1

East North Central ............................................. 5.9 – 166.48 0.00 224.65 0.00 5.9

West ...................................................................... 3.0 0.00 15.80 150.59 282.32 144.52 3.0

Pacific ................................................................ 3.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 147.40 126.61 3.3

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 18 82

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 20 80

Professional and related .................................... 21 79

Teachers ........................................................ 25 75

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 30 70

Service ................................................................... 14 86

Sales and office ..................................................... 15 85

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 87

Full time ................................................................. 18 82

Part time ................................................................ 21 79

Union ..................................................................... 18 82

Nonunion ............................................................... 18 82

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 18 82

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 21 79

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 87

Third 25 percent ................................................ 18 82

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 21 79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 20 80

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 18 82

Education and health services ........................... 20 80

Educational services ...................................... 22 78

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 26 74

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 13 87

Health care and social assistance ................. 14 86

Public administration ......................................... 15 85

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23 77

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 19 81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 26 74

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 83

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 21 79

500 workers or more .......................................... 15 85

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 18 82

Local government .................................................. 18 82

Geographic areas

South ..................................................................... 14 86

South Atlantic .................................................... 19 81

Midwest ................................................................. 27 73

East North Central ............................................. 35 65

West North Central ............................................ 4 96

West ...................................................................... 14 86

Mountain ............................................................ 27 73

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 2.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 2.8

Service ................................................................... 3.3 3.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 3.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 4.0 4.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.4 3.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.6 2.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.0 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 3.1

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 2.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.6 3.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.9 4.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.0 5.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.6 3.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 2.2 2.2

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.2

Geographic areas

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 2.4

East North Central ............................................. 3.4 3.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 2.8 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.9

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and

local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 97 2 1 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 97 1 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 96 1 1 1

Teachers ........................................................ 95 1 2 1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 1 3 2

Service ................................................................... 97 – – –

Protective service .............................................. 97 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 98 2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 98 2 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 98 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 96 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 97 2 1 1

Part time ................................................................ 96 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 96 1 2 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 97 2 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 98 1 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 2 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 98 1 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 2 3 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 95 – 4 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 97 2 1 1

Education and health services ........................... 96 2 1 1

Educational services ...................................... 96 1 2 1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 95 1 2 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 97 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 98 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 97 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 98 2 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 96 1 3 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 96 2 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 95 – 4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 97 2 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 3 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 98 1 – 1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and

local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

State government .................................................. 97 3 – –

Local government .................................................. 97 1 1 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 92 – 8 –

New England ..................................................... 100 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 89 – 11 –

South ..................................................................... 100 – – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 99 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 99 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 95 5 – –

East North Central ............................................. 95 5 – –

West North Central ............................................ 97 3 – –

West ...................................................................... 97 – – 2

Mountain ............................................................ 100 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 95 – – 4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.4 – – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.6 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.6 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.6 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 () – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.6 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.3 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 – 1.1 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.7 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 2.3 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.6 0.6 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.3 1.1 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 0.4 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 – 1.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.4 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 0.8 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4 – 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

State government .................................................. 0.7 0.7 – –

Local government .................................................. 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.2 – 2.2 –

New England ..................................................... 0.0 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.3 – 3.3 –

South ..................................................................... 0.2 – – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.2 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 0.5 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 – –

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.2 – –

West North Central ............................................ 0.6 1.0 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.3 – – 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 0.1 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 – – 1.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 2 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government

workers, March 2017

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 18 43 21 16 2 60.2 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 17 40 23 17 2 60.1 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 17 40 24 16 3 60.2 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ 17 33 29 17 4 60.5 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 19 27 29 22 4 60.6 63.0

Service ................................................................... 21 48 14 14 3 59.9 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 24 45 – 16 – 59.5 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 47 19 16 1 60.3 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 47 20 16 1 60.5 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 51 16 – – 60.0 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 52 – – – 61.1 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 17 43 20 17 2 60.2 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 25 38 23 – – 60.0 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 23 44 12 18 4 59.3 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 13 43 28 15 1 60.9 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 45 24 13 2 60.7 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 14 47 25 – – 60.5 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 17 49 18 15 1 59.8 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 18 38 23 19 1 60.3 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 20 42 18 17 4 59.9 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 17 48 20 – – 59.8 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 18 43 21 16 2 60.1 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 17 41 25 14 2 60.0 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 17 38 27 16 3 60.4 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 17 30 28 21 4 61.1 62.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14 53 26 – – 59.5 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 57 15 – – 58.2 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 62 12 – – 58.0 60.0

Public administration ......................................... 19 45 14 20 2 60.3 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 14 26 33 24 3 62.0 65.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 17 33 27 24 – 60.9 62.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 19 39 24 – 62.9 65.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 19 48 17 14 2 59.7 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 15 40 21 19 5 61.2 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 20 51 16 12 1 59.0 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

State government .................................................. – 42 29 15 – 60.4 60.0

Local government .................................................. 19 44 18 17 3 60.1 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 57 16 14 – 60.7 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 48 – – – 60.1 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 61 – 13 – 60.9 60.0

South ..................................................................... 9 47 38 – – 61.0 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 34 52 5 – 61.5 62.0

East South Central ............................................ – 70 15 – – 60.2 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 75 6 8 – 59.8 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 36 33 8 17 6 57.7 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 44 22 9 21 5 57.1 60.0

West North Central ............................................ – 60 7 – 10 59.3 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 47 14 29 – 61.8 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 41 8 44 – 62.9 66.0

Pacific ................................................................ 12 52 19 – – 60.9 60.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 2.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.2 0.6 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.6 1.7 0.9 1.4

Service ................................................................... 2.9 3.6 2.4 2.6 1.1 0.4 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 5.1 4.9 – 4.6 – 0.6 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 3.2 2.1 2.9 0.5 0.3 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 3.3 2.1 2.9 0.5 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 6.0 4.3 – – 0.6 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 8.4 – – – 0.8 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 2.0 1.1 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 4.7 5.1 4.4 – – 0.9 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.6 1.5 2.1 0.8 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.0 3.0 1.2 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 3.0 1.6 1.9 0.8 0.4 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.3 5.2 2.9 – – 0.5 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 2.9 1.8 2.4 0.3 0.5 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.3 2.9 2.7 2.0 0.6 0.4 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 2.5 1.8 2.4 1.0 0.6 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 4.2 2.2 – – 0.6 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 2.0 1.0 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 2.0 1.4 1.8 0.9 0.4 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 2.7 1.9 2.6 1.5 0.6 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 2.4 1.5 – – 1.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 8.1 2.5 – – 1.3 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 8.3 1.6 – – 1.3 0.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.7 4.5 1.6 3.7 0.4 0.6 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.6 0.8 0.7 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.0 4.5 5.4 5.9 – 0.7 4.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 4.2 5.8 4.7 – 1.1 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.9 2.2 1.2 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.5 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.3 1.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 2.7 1.7 1.8 0.3 0.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

State government .................................................. – 2.6 1.2 2.0 – 0.8 0.0

Local government .................................................. 1.7 2.4 1.3 1.9 0.7 0.4 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 5.5 4.5 3.4 – 0.8 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 13.5 – – – 2.2 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 5.6 – 3.3 – 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... 2.8 3.2 1.8 – – 0.5 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 4.4 2.4 1.6 – 0.6 1.1

East South Central ............................................ – 4.8 4.1 – – 0.9 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 4.5 2.0 2.4 – 0.6 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.3 0.7 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.5 0.8 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 6.7 2.3 – 2.8 1.9 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 5.3 2.0 4.8 – 0.5 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 8.8 2.9 7.4 – 0.7 6.0

Pacific ................................................................ 2.7 6.4 3.0 – – 0.7 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2017

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 72 – $3,900 $5,000 $7,000 $10,000 28

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 73 – 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Professional and related .................................... 73 $1,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 27

Teachers ........................................................ 70 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 30

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 68 800 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,000 32

Service ................................................................... 71 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 29

Protective service .............................................. 71 3,000 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 29

Sales and office ..................................................... 73 3,000 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Office and administrative support ...................... 73 3,000 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 71 3,000 3,900 5,000 6,500 10,000 29

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 67 3,900 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 33

Full time ................................................................. 73 – 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 27

Part time ................................................................ 59 2,500 5,000 6,000 7,500 10,000 41

Union ..................................................................... 68 3,000 5,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 32

Nonunion ............................................................... 76 800 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 24

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 69 1,000 3,900 5,000 6,500 10,000 31

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 70 800 – 5,000 6,111 10,000 30

Second 25 percent ............................................ 73 2,500 4,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 27

Third 25 percent ................................................ 72 – 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 28

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 73 3,102 5,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 73 3,000 5,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 72 – 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 28

Education and health services ........................... 73 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Educational services ...................................... 71 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 29

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 68 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,333 32

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 77 – 3,900 5,000 9,200 13,000 23

Health care and social assistance ................. 86 – 5,000 5,000 10,000 – 14

Hospitals .................................................... 86 – 5,000 – 10,000 15,000 14

Public administration ......................................... 66 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,250 10,000 34

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 69 800 3,900 5,000 6,250 10,000 31

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 2,500 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 32

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 800 3,900 5,000 6,666 – 30

100 workers or more .............................................. 73 – 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 3,000 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 28

500 workers or more .......................................... 73 – 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2017—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 74 – $3,900 $5,000 $7,500 – 26

Local government .................................................. 72 $2,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 $10,000 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 81 – 5,000 5,000 7,500 13,000 19

South ..................................................................... 89 800 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 800 – 3,900 5,000 10,000 10

West South Central ........................................... 85 – 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15

Midwest ................................................................. 49 – 5,000 5,000 7,500 11,250 51

East North Central ............................................. 45 – 5,000 5,000 7,000 11,250 55

West North Central ............................................ 60 – 5,000 5,000 7,500 – 40

West ...................................................................... 76 3,102 5,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 24

Mountain ............................................................ 66 4,000 5,000 6,000 9,000 – 34

Pacific ................................................................ 84 3,000 4,000 5,500 8,000 10,000 16

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 – $0.00 $0.00 $622.05 $0.00 1.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 – 0.00 0.00 371.75 258.07 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 $218.79 0.00 0.00 487.66 258.07 1.9

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 – 0.00 0.00 473.11 827.23 2.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.0 136.56 274.33 0.00 0.00 412.38 4.0

Service ................................................................... 3.2 – 388.39 0.00 582.79 454.74 3.2

Protective service .............................................. 5.3 653.70 1,041.27 0.00 0.00 1,755.06 5.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.8 328.98 0.00 101.46 990.72 0.00 2.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.8 316.07 0.00 192.97 1,167.68 0.00 2.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.5 712.61 1,030.53 446.99 1,590.85 1,154.12 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.4 593.98 764.47 182.48 795.42 912.41 6.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 – 0.00 0.00 563.63 0.00 1.4

Part time ................................................................ 5.7 466.31 874.97 577.06 387.10 412.91 5.7

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 74.45 0.00 0.00 717.51 0.00 2.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.9 103.23 0.00 0.00 600.58 446.99 1.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.3 268.04 0.00 0.00 798.87 0.00 2.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.9 72.99 – 0.00 718.62 0.00 3.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 474.10 555.60 0.00 702.57 0.00 2.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.7 – 0.00 0.00 510.35 0.00 2.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.7 154.45 91.24 0.00 471.44 1,933.37 2.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.4 74.91 1,005.31 0.00 584.23 547.45 3.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 – 0.00 0.00 608.25 0.00 1.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 418.92 0.00 0.00 237.62 1,091.83 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 344.43 0.00 0.00 387.10 0.00 1.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.2 – 103.23 0.00 437.58 797.62 3.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.1 – 755.71 965.61 1,366.80 3,695.78 4.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.7 – 0.00 1,315.90 1,842.99 – 3.7

Hospitals .................................................... 4.1 – 0.00 – 1,750.31 3,739.79 4.1

Public administration ......................................... 3.4 142.49 293.11 0.00 755.27 0.00 3.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 916.00 632.14 3.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.9 670.48 0.00 0.00 735.61 364.97 6.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.5 0.00 607.70 0.00 1,687.35 – 4.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.8 – 118.26 0.00 506.04 0.00 1.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.3 778.07 57.71 0.00 282.57 1,177.76 4.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 – 339.69 129.03 664.25 2,112.39 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 2.8 – $0.00 $0.00 $832.85 – 2.8

Local government .................................................. 1.9 $506.70 141.35 0.00 653.39 $0.00 1.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.8 – 0.00 493.98 2,220.00 2,706.66 4.8

South ..................................................................... 1.6 0.00 336.12 1,381.47 0.00 0.00 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 0.00 – 0.00 204.02 2,264.55 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 4.2 – 0.00 855.92 1,132.28 0.00 4.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.5 – 0.00 0.00 333.89 1,983.80 2.5

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 – 0.00 0.00 706.75 1,707.12 2.0

West North Central ............................................ 6.0 – 0.00 605.23 643.48 – 6.0

West ...................................................................... 3.8 177.71 341.39 810.97 379.84 1,860.97 3.8

Mountain ............................................................ 7.0 223.49 0.00 0.00 1,356.49 – 7.0

Pacific ................................................................ 3.7 87.30 1,061.46 948.21 145.99 0.00 3.7

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 68 91 60 82 87 70 25 94

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 57 93 47 83 88 69 26 94

Professional and related .................................... 52 93 40 82 88 67 27 94

Teachers ........................................................ 32 92 15 81 87 64 27 94

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 28 99 13 85 91 64 29 96

Service ................................................................... 78 84 74 78 84 67 23 93

Protective service .............................................. 90 91 89 85 90 78 27 97

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 92 86 83 89 75 25 95

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 92 86 84 89 75 25 96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 96 95 97 87 89 70 24 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 71 89 63 81 86 71 20 93

Full time ................................................................. 74 99 67 87 93 75 27 97

Part time ................................................................ 34 45 23 50 55 39 12 78

Union ..................................................................... 69 97 57 90 93 71 28 95

Nonunion ............................................................... 67 86 63 76 83 69 22 94

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 64 78 58 71 78 61 21 89

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 51 65 44 63 70 52 17 88

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 95 85 85 90 75 26 96

Third 25 percent ................................................ 70 97 63 87 92 76 25 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 52 96 41 87 91 69 28 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 49 94 37 87 89 71 27 95

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 67 91 60 82 87 70 25 94

Education and health services ........................... 55 92 44 82 88 67 25 94

Educational services ...................................... 49 92 37 81 87 66 26 93

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 39 92 26 80 87 63 27 92

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 81 92 70 83 87 77 23 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 92 93 91 86 92 76 21 95

Hospitals .................................................... 92 93 90 86 91 73 19 92

Public administration ......................................... 91 91 90 85 89 77 25 96

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 64 89 56 79 85 66 22 92

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 71 87 65 80 82 65 22 93

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 57 92 46 78 88 67 22 91

100 workers or more .............................................. 69 92 62 83 88 71 26 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 68 90 60 80 83 61 29 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 70 93 63 85 90 76 24 96

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

State government .................................................. 93 95 87 90 94 87 22 98

Local government .................................................. 60 90 52 80 85 64 26 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 64 90 57 93 92 74 23 94

New England ..................................................... 59 90 54 92 90 72 19 95

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 66 90 58 93 93 75 24 94

South ..................................................................... 69 92 62 82 91 78 27 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 91 66 82 90 76 20 94

East South Central ............................................ 71 90 61 72 85 77 25 92

West South Central ........................................... 56 94 56 86 95 81 37 97

Midwest ................................................................. 66 90 55 79 84 55 29 95

East North Central ............................................. 67 89 54 79 84 56 37 95

West North Central ............................................ 63 92 56 79 84 55 – 96

West ...................................................................... 71 92 67 77 81 66 19 92

Mountain ............................................................ 66 87 61 66 73 61 – 98

Pacific ................................................................ 74 94 69 82 85 68 21 89

1 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see

the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 2.0 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 0.8 2.1 1.3 1.8 2.1 1.7 0.7

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.3 2.2 1.7 0.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.5 2.1 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.1 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.5 1.1 3.0 2.7 4.1 2.1 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.8 2.3 4.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 2.8 2.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.5 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 0.5 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.4 1.8 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.8 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 1.4 2.7 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.9 2.3 1.9 1.8 2.7 2.9 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.6 1.4 0.7 2.2 2.0 4.3 2.9 1.6

Hospitals .................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.4 2.6 5.8 3.6 2.5

Public administration ......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.6 2.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 1.4 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.9 2.4 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

State government .................................................. 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.9 0.4

Local government .................................................. 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 1.4 3.3 1.1 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.1 1.0 2.7 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.5 2.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.9 1.8 4.2 1.3 1.7 2.3 2.6 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.0 0.9 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 6.9 1.0 6.1 7.0 5.2 6.4 5.3 4.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 2.9 1.6 2.0 1.4 2.2 2.0 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 1.7 2.0 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.2 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 0.7 1.1 5.3 5.4 4.9 – 1.0

West ...................................................................... 1.3 0.9 1.4 2.2 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 2.2 3.5 6.6 5.3 6.3 – 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.9

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see

the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 2 2 5 3 4 7 15 20 18 12 6 6 11 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 2 7 4 3 7 13 19 15 12 6 7 11 11

Professional and related .................................... 4 3 8 5 3 7 13 18 14 12 6 7 11 11

Teachers ........................................................ 9 4 15 8 4 6 12 13 8 6 5 10 10 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 12 6 22 8 – 4 10 – 3 3 4 11 9 8

Service ................................................................... 2 1 4 3 4 7 18 19 21 12 6 5 11 11

Protective service .............................................. – – – 2 – 7 20 23 26 12 4 1 11 11

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 2 1 4 8 14 22 24 11 6 7 11 11

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 2 1 4 8 14 21 24 11 6 7 11 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 4 6 20 27 15 – 4 8 11 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 4 – 9 8 – 25 17 12 – – 10 11

Full time ................................................................. 2 1 5 3 4 7 15 21 19 12 6 6 11 11

Part time ................................................................ 8 3 6 4 4 5 15 15 16 10 6 9 10 11

Union ..................................................................... 3 – 6 3 – 4 13 24 22 10 5 7 11 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 2 3 3 6 10 16 17 15 13 6 6 11 11

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 2 5 3 5 8 16 16 17 13 5 6 11 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 4 8 4 9 6 15 11 13 14 5 7 11 10

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 1 3 2 4 8 16 22 20 12 7 6 11 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2 2 8 4 2 6 15 23 18 10 5 6 11 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 1 3 4 3 7 12 19 19 12 6 9 11 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 1 7 4 7 10 18 21 13 4 12 12 12

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2 2 5 3 4 7 15 20 18 12 6 7 11 11

Education and health services ........................... 4 3 8 5 4 7 13 13 13 12 7 11 11 11

Educational services ...................................... 5 3 8 4 4 6 13 11 13 12 8 13 11 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 8 5 13 6 4 4 12 10 8 8 6 16 11 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – 2 3 9 14 13 19 17 11 10 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – 8 – 8 16 19 16 – 2 – 10 10

Hospitals .................................................... – – 14 13 – – – 15 17 – 1 – 9 10

Public administration ......................................... – – – – 2 8 16 28 26 12 4 3 11 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 – 3 3 – 5 16 27 15 14 4 7 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 3 – 2 5 17 29 15 16 3 5 11 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5 – 2 – 3 5 15 24 14 11 5 9 11 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 2 1 5 3 4 8 15 19 19 11 6 6 11 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 – 4 – 3 9 14 21 17 11 7 5 11 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 1 6 3 5 8 15 18 21 11 5 7 11 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

State government .................................................. – – 2 ( ) 2 3 9 12 26 23 16 6 2 11 11

Local government .................................................. 3 2 7 4 4 6 16 18 16 9 5 9 11 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – – – 2 1 7 27 34 8 5 12 12 12

New England ..................................................... – – – – – – – 40 24 – – – 11 11

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – – – – 1 6 23 38 8 6 13 12 12

South ..................................................................... 3 2 7 2 6 9 13 17 17 14 6 5 11 11

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 10 3 4 10 15 17 21 9 4 4 11 11

East South Central ............................................ 7 8 – – – 7 13 9 – 21 4 – 10 10

West South Central ........................................... – – – – 7 9 7 20 16 18 – 6 12 12

Midwest ................................................................. 4 2 6 8 4 10 18 16 13 9 5 5 10 10

East North Central ............................................. 5 – 6 9 – 9 15 14 13 13 6 6 10 11

West North Central ............................................ 4 3 – 5 – 13 24 19 14 – 3 3 10 10

West ...................................................................... – – 3 1 2 6 22 26 13 13 5 7 11 11

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – 4 8 42 17 6 3 4 6 11 10

Pacific ................................................................ – – 2 – 1 5 13 30 15 18 6 7 12 11

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March

2017

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.1 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.0 1.7 2.5 1.7 1.1 1.8 1.9 2.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 2.2 0.3 0.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.6 2.5 3.5 1.8 – 1.8 2.8 – 1.4 1.1 2.0 3.1 0.4 1.5

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.6 2.4 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – – – 0.9 – 1.5 2.6 1.9 3.5 1.9 1.8 0.7 0.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.1 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 1.2 1.5 2.5 4.3 2.6 – 1.0 1.7 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 1.7 – 2.7 2.7 – 4.0 2.7 3.4 – – 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.2 3.0 3.6 2.6 1.6 2.1 2.9 0.4 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 – 0.7 0.6 – 0.7 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.0 1.1 1.8 1.2 2.8 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.1 1.5 1.7 0.3 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.4 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.7 0.2 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.6 1.5 3.0 2.3 1.7 1.3 2.4 0.3 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.4 0.9 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.5 0.2 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.3 0.3 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.7 1.4 2.0 0.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – 2.0 – 2.3 4.3 3.6 2.4 – 0.7 – 0.2 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... – – 3.6 3.2 – – – 4.3 3.0 – 0.6 – 0.3 0.7

Public administration ......................................... – – – – 0.5 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.1 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 – 0.9 1.3 – 1.6 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.7 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 1.2 – 1.0 1.5 3.9 4.1 2.8 3.9 1.4 1.7 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 – 0.9 – 1.3 2.6 3.4 3.7 2.6 2.8 1.9 1.8 0.2 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 – 1.5 – 0.9 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

State government .................................................. – – 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.3

Local government .................................................. 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – – – 0.8 0.4 1.0 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.2 2.7 0.3 0.0

New England ..................................................... – – – – – – – 7.1 5.9 – – – 0.1 0.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – – – – 0.5 0.8 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 3.2 0.3 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.1 2.7 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 0.7 2.2 – – – 2.9 2.6 2.4 – 1.0 1.2 – 0.3 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – – – – 2.5 1.7 2.8 5.3 4.2 3.5 – 1.2 0.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 0.2 0.9 1.8 1.7 1.4 2.0 2.0 3.1 2.4 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 0.2 – 2.5 2.5 – 2.7 2.5 3.9 3.4 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.1 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 0.5 1.7 – 1.2 – 2.4 3.1 4.9 2.0 – 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.0

West ...................................................................... – – 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.4 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – 1.3 1.1 4.3 3.8 1.5 1.5 1.0 3.0 0.6 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – – 0.4 – 0.3 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.3 2.7 1.7 1.0 0.1 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, State and local

government workers, March 2017

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 89 2 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 90 1 9

Professional and related .................................... 90 1 9

Teachers ........................................................ 92 1 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 93 4 ( ) 7

Service ................................................................... 86 4 10

Protective service .............................................. 86 6 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 2 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 2 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 83 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 88 – –

Full time ................................................................. 88 2 10

Part time ................................................................ 89 2 9

Union ..................................................................... 92 2 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 86 1 13

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 89 1 10

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 87 2 11

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 2 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 85 2 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 2 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 1 7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 89 2 10

Education and health services ........................... 90 1 9

Educational services ...................................... 93 1 6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 93 1 7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 95 1 3

Health care and social assistance ................. 67 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 59 – –

Public administration ......................................... 87 3 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 89 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 86 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 93 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 88 2 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 90 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 2 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

State government .................................................. 89 1 10

Local government .................................................. 88 2 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 – –

New England ..................................................... 99 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 – –

South ..................................................................... 86 1 12

South Atlantic .................................................... 85 1 14

East South Central ............................................ 92 – –

West South Central ........................................... 85 2 13

Midwest ................................................................. 91 1 8

East North Central ............................................. 91 2 8

West North Central ............................................ 91 – –

West ...................................................................... 85 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 86 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 85 – –

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, State

and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.1 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.1 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 0.2 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 0.2 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.2 0.5 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.6 1.1 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.7 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.7 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.0 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.5 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 0.7 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.4 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 0.3 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.3 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 0.5 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.5 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.5 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.2 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 0.3 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.2 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.2 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 0.1 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.2 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 0.3 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.9 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 7.9 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 0.7 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.3 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, State

and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

State government .................................................. 1.2 0.3 1.2

Local government .................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 – –

New England ..................................................... 0.8 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 0.1 2.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 0.6 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 0.6 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 0.8 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.7 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 4.5 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 – –

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government

workers, March 2017

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 9 14 62 14 3 ( ) 11 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 13 63 15 3 ( ) 11 12

Part time ................................................................ 19 28 46 – – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... – 10 65 16 – 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... – 18 59 12 – 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 15 61 12 – 10 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 15 63 14 – 11 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 16 14 59 10 – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 14 63 15 3 ( ) 11 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 14 65 15 – 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 14 62 15 3 ( ) 11 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 9 14 61 16 3 ( ) 11 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 13 62 17 3 ( ) 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 18 28 46 – – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... – 10 64 18 – 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 18 58 14 3 ( ) 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 14 60 14 – 11 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 14 63 16 – 11 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 16 14 58 12 – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 14 61 17 3 ( ) 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 14 63 17 – 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 14 60 16 3 ( ) 11 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 9 14 60 17 3 ( ) 11 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 13 62 17 3 ( ) 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 18 28 46 – – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... – 10 63 19 – 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 19 58 14 3 ( ) 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 14 60 14 – 11 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 14 62 17 – 12 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 16 13 59 12 – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 14 61 17 3 ( ) 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 14 62 18 – 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 14 60 17 3 ( ) 11 12

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 9 14 60 17 3 ( ) 12 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 13 61 18 3 ( ) 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 18 28 46 – – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 8 10 63 19 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 19 58 14 3 ( ) 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 14 60 14 – 11 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 14 62 17 – 12 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 16 13 58 13 – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 14 60 18 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 14 61 18 1 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 14 60 17 3 ( ) 11 12

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and

local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.6 3.8 – – 0.4 0.1

Union ..................................................................... – 0.8 1.5 1.0 – 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 1.4 1.9 1.0 – 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.3 3.0 1.3 – 0.2 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 4.0 4.8 3.0 – 0.3 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2 2.9 2.3 – 0.3 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.5 2.1 1.8 – 0.8 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.7 3.8 – – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... – 0.8 1.6 1.1 – 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.3 3.1 1.6 – 0.2 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.9 5.1 3.4 – 0.3 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2 2.9 2.2 – 0.3 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.6 2.2 1.8 – 0.8 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and

local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.7 3.8 – – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... – 0.8 1.5 1.1 – 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.0 2.8 1.7 – 0.2 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.2 4.7 3.6 – 0.3 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.2 – 0.3 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.7 2.2 1.8 – 0.8 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.7 3.7 – – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.0 2.8 1.6 – 0.2 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.2 4.7 3.6 – 0.4 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.2 3.0 2.1 – 0.3 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.7 2.2 1.8 0.4 0.8 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and local government

workers, March 2017

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 92 60 33 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 60 31 8

Professional and related .................................... 91 60 32 9

Teachers ........................................................ 90 57 33 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 90 56 34 10

Service ................................................................... 90 58 32 10

Protective service .............................................. 93 58 35 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 94 60 34 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 94 60 35 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 96 55 41 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 93 53 40 7

Full time ................................................................. 92 60 33 8

Part time ................................................................ 90 57 33 10

Union ..................................................................... 93 60 33 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 91 59 32 9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 91 56 35 9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 89 55 34 11

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 64 30 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 92 61 32 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 58 33 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 57 33 10

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 92 60 33 8

Education and health services ........................... 91 61 30 9

Educational services ...................................... 90 60 30 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 57 33 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 69 22 9

Health care and social assistance ................. – 67 – –

Hospitals .................................................... – 68 – –

Public administration ......................................... 94 58 36 6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 91 58 33 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 90 55 35 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 93 61 32 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 92 60 32 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 54 41 5

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 63 28 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

State government .................................................. 95 74 21 5

Local government .................................................. 91 55 37 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 94 44 50 6

New England ..................................................... 94 38 56 6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 46 48 6

South ..................................................................... 89 66 23 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 91 71 20 9

East South Central ............................................ 90 67 23 10

West South Central ........................................... 87 60 28 13

Midwest ................................................................. 90 49 42 10

East North Central ............................................. 91 52 39 9

West North Central ............................................ 90 42 47 10

West ...................................................................... 97 73 24 3

Mountain ............................................................ – 64 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 97 77 20 3

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and

local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 1.7 1.7 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 2.1 2.0 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 2.6 2.5 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.3 3.4 2.9 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 2.0 1.8 0.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 2.0 1.8 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 3.3 3.2 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 4.2 4.2 2.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 3.9 3.4 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 1.6 1.6 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 2.0 1.8 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 3.8 3.4 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.7 1.5 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 1.6 1.9 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.7 1.6 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 2.5 1.6 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 1.6 1.6 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 1.7 1.7 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 2.5 2.1 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 3.5 3.4 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.9 – –

Hospitals .................................................... – 5.1 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 2.2 1.8 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 2.8 2.7 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.1 3.9 3.7 3.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 3.7 4.1 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 2.7 2.9 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and

local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

State government .................................................. 0.9 2.0 1.8 0.9

Local government .................................................. 0.8 1.5 1.4 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 2.5 2.3 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.1 4.1 4.7 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 3.0 2.7 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.9 2.0 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 3.3 2.9 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 2.7 2.1 1.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 2.6 4.0 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 2.9 2.7 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 2.3 1.5 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 7.0 6.9 3.0

West ...................................................................... 1.0 2.7 2.6 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 7.6 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 2.1 1.6 1.3

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and local government

workers, March 2017

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated

carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated2

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 30 75 125 180 250 137

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 30 90 150 190 260 147

Professional and related .................................... 30 90 150 190 252 147

Teachers ........................................................ 30 100 160 200 260 156

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 100 160 200 260 160

Service ................................................................... 25 45 120 165 250 120

Protective service .............................................. 30 45 120 150 250 119

Sales and office ..................................................... 30 60 120 200 255 135

Office and administrative support ...................... 30 60 120 200 255 134

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 48 100 132 200 107

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 – 120 200 240 125

Full time ................................................................. 30 75 125 180 250 137

Part time ................................................................ 10 – 150 200 250 145

Union ..................................................................... 30 110 160 200 280 160

Nonunion ............................................................... 20 60 100 150 200 113

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 60 115 180 240 118

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 90 120 200 104

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 60 120 180 240 130

Third 25 percent ................................................ 30 75 120 180 250 134

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 110 160 200 265 162

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 139 160 200 250 168

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 28 75 128 180 250 138

Education and health services ........................... 30 90 150 197 260 148

Educational services ...................................... 27 90 160 200 260 150

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 28 90 160 200 260 151

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 15 100 150 200 240 148

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – – – 129

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – 104

Public administration ......................................... 30 56 120 165 240 121

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 90 120 180 260 135

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 40 – 120 175 200 128

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 90 120 190 285 142

100 workers or more .............................................. 25 75 132 185 250 138

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 60 120 180 260 134

500 workers or more .......................................... 27 90 145 200 240 141

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated

carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated2

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 40 90 130 200 300 152

Local government .................................................. 27 71 125 180 240 134

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 40 120 175 200 300 170

New England ..................................................... – 120 150 190 230 151

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 38 160 190 200 300 178

South ..................................................................... – 60 96 150 180 108

South Atlantic .................................................... – 90 120 162 180 118

East South Central ............................................ – 72 150 160 – 125

West South Central ........................................... 20 – 90 120 180 90

Midwest ................................................................. – 60 120 185 265 139

East North Central ............................................. – – 137 240 340 160

West North Central ............................................ – 60 114 150 185 108

West ...................................................................... – 60 120 180 248 123

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – – 126

Pacific ................................................................ – – 130 180 248 120

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and

local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated1

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 4.8 10.3 8.3 6.0 6.7 2.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.0 1.8 11.0 11.7 3.6

Professional and related .................................... 2.8 2.4 3.9 10.0 12.9 3.7

Teachers ........................................................ 6.8 7.6 0.5 7.9 4.6 4.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 9.3 1.7 5.8 17.2 5.0

Service ................................................................... 6.1 13.4 10.3 17.6 13.6 4.9

Protective service .............................................. 3.2 12.3 16.7 17.8 41.6 7.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 16.6 0.0 23.5 15.4 7.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 15.3 0.0 23.2 14.5 7.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.8 13.0 15.8 7.7 31.4 5.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.0 – 12.3 30.2 28.7 12.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 11.8 8.1 2.3 7.0 2.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 – 24.5 18.5 21.4 11.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.9 13.2 0.0 0.0 30.3 4.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 5.1 1.0 14.0 14.7 15.6 2.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 9.9 16.1 9.4 15.6 5.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 2.6 24.4 19.2 5.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 8.2 0.0 0.0 10.7 4.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6.4 18.4 6.6 7.8 12.6 5.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 14.4 1.3 0.0 26.0 5.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 19.4 3.3 4.8 39.0 7.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.9 10.3 8.0 6.4 7.4 2.7

Education and health services ........................... 4.4 1.6 8.0 11.2 9.8 3.8

Educational services ...................................... 5.1 4.0 7.2 6.7 9.6 4.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.6 3.5 5.8 11.1 7.5 4.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.9 17.5 23.0 20.6 44.4 8.5

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – – – 11.5

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – 12.5

Public administration ......................................... 7.9 9.8 0.0 18.6 17.5 4.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7.1 22.5 0.0 7.5 29.9 8.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.1 – 0.9 31.8 32.6 9.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 21.2 11.7 13.3 38.4 11.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 5.0 13.4 8.7 13.1 10.7 3.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.9 9.9 10.9 20.5 7.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.8 10.6 14.7 21.5 7.2 5.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and

local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated1

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 3.1 19.6 23.9 6.8 0.0 6.3

Local government .................................................. 5.6 13.6 8.9 2.7 8.2 3.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.2 4.6 10.8 0.0 4.9 3.7

New England ..................................................... – 8.8 27.9 15.8 32.3 5.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 9.3 7.1 19.3 9.3 0.0 5.7

South ..................................................................... – 4.1 27.0 3.9 0.0 4.8

South Atlantic .................................................... – 6.7 19.8 26.5 10.9 8.8

East South Central ............................................ – 17.6 36.7 12.2 – 9.5

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 – 11.6 0.0 0.0 5.9

Midwest ................................................................. – 10.6 0.0 9.7 28.3 5.2

East North Central ............................................. – – 19.2 23.7 20.3 8.3

West North Central ............................................ – 16.1 17.8 0.8 7.6 5.3

West ...................................................................... – 7.4 3.1 0.0 17.0 7.3

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – – 14.3

Pacific ................................................................ – – 11.0 0.0 38.6 6.2

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government workers,

March 2017

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 4 12 57 16 10 1 13 12

Full time ................................................................. 3 11 58 16 10 2 13 12

Part time ................................................................ 9 27 44 15 – – 11 10

Union ..................................................................... 4 14 58 15 7 2 12 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 10 56 17 12 1 13 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 17 58 14 – – 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 16 59 13 5 – 11 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 19 56 16 – – 11 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 10 57 17 12 2 13 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3 12 64 11 8 1 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 10 54 19 13 2 13 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 5 29 46 14 6 16 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 4 28 46 14 6 16 15

Part time ................................................................ 4 13 38 33 9 3 14 14

Union ..................................................................... 2 6 26 49 13 5 15 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 4 30 43 14 6 16 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 6 36 45 10 – 14 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 7 36 42 11 – 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 5 36 47 8 – 14 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 5 27 46 15 7 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 5 35 47 7 5 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 5 23 46 18 7 16 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government workers,

March 2017—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 3 12 47 26 11 18 18

Full time ................................................................. 1 3 11 48 27 11 18 18

Part time ................................................................ 3 9 22 42 18 6 16 16

Union ..................................................................... 1 3 12 48 25 12 18 18

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 3 12 47 27 10 18 18

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 2 12 54 25 5 17 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2 2 9 60 21 6 18 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 17 44 30 4 17 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 12 46 26 12 19 18

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 3 14 51 23 8 18 18

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 11 43 28 14 19 19

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 2 7 13 47 30 22 22

Full time ................................................................. 1 2 6 13 47 31 22 22

Part time ................................................................ – – 13 22 39 17 19 20

Union ..................................................................... – – 5 11 48 33 22 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 3 7 15 46 28 22 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 1 7 16 46 27 21 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2 1 6 17 49 26 21 21

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 10 15 42 30 21 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 2 6 12 47 31 22 22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 7 16 46 28 22 21

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 6 11 48 33 23 23

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local

government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 3.6 3.5 2.4 – – 0.4 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.0 – – 0.3 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 2.4 3.5 2.8 1.6 – 0.3 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 3.4 5.2 3.6 – – 0.4 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.8 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 1.4 2.8 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.2 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 1.0 1.7 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 3 ( )

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.8 3.5 3.6 2.0 0.9 0.4 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 1.1 2.7 2.6 1.7 – 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 1.4 4.4 3.8 2.2 – 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 1.8 3.1 4.3 2.5 – 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 0.9 2.9 2.5 1.4 1.1 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.2 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.9 3.5 3.6 3.4 1.3 0.4 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.2 0.2 3 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.5 2.4 2.1 1.0 0.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.9 3.2 2.6 1.6 0.3 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 2.9 3.9 4.0 1.5 0.4 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.1 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 0.7 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.4 0.2 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.1 0.2 0.8

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.2 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – – 2.7 5.3 3.8 2.9 0.5 0.1

Union ..................................................................... – – 0.7 1.2 1.7 1.7 0.3 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.7 0.2 0.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.5 1.6 2.4 2.4 1.9 0.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.6 1.4 3.8 3.4 2.4 0.4 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 2.8 2.6 4.4 3.3 0.5 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.0 2.1 2.3 1.8 0.3 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 0.7 1.0 1.7 1.6 0.3 3 ( )

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 14 17 21 23 26 86 12 15 18 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 16 17 20 23 25 84 13 16 18 22

Professional and related .................................... 18 17 19 22 24 82 13 15 18 22

Teachers ........................................................ 16 13 13 14 14 84 13 15 17 19

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 19 12 12 12 12 81 11 13 15 18

Service ................................................................... 14 17 20 24 27 86 11 14 17 21

Protective service .............................................. 10 17 21 24 28 90 11 14 17 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 11 18 22 25 28 89 11 15 18 22

Office and administrative support ...................... 11 18 22 25 29 89 11 15 18 22

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15 18 22 25 30 85 11 14 17 22

Full time ................................................................. 14 18 21 24 27 86 12 15 18 22

Part time ................................................................ 20 11 14 16 18 80 11 13 16 20

Union ..................................................................... 11 18 22 25 28 89 11 14 17 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 17 17 20 23 25 83 12 15 18 21

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 14 17 20 23 26 86 11 14 17 20

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 19 15 19 21 23 81 11 14 17 20

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 17 21 24 27 87 12 15 18 22

Third 25 percent ................................................ 16 17 20 23 26 84 12 15 18 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 14 18 21 24 26 86 13 16 18 22

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 11 19 23 25 28 89 14 16 18 21

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 17 21 23 26 86 12 15 18 21

Education and health services ........................... 16 18 20 23 25 84 13 15 18 21

Educational services ...................................... 7 14 15 16 17 93 13 15 17 20

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 9 12 13 13 13 91 11 13 16 18

Health care and social assistance ................. 40 20 23 26 29 60 13 16 18 23

Hospitals .................................................... 51 20 23 27 30 49 13 16 19 23

Public administration ......................................... 10 17 22 25 29 90 11 14 17 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 15 19 22 25 90 11 14 17 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 18 21 24 27 85 12 15 18 22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 15 17 20 22 25 85 11 14 17 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 16 18 21 24 27 84 13 15 18 22

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

State government .................................................. 9 18 21 24 27 91 13 16 19 23

Local government .................................................. 17 17 20 23 26 83 11 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 16 19 22 25 95 11 15 18 22

New England ..................................................... 6 11 15 19 21 94 10 14 18 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 19 20 24 26 95 12 16 19 22

South ..................................................................... 13 18 21 23 27 87 12 15 17 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 14 18 21 24 28 86 12 15 17 21

East South Central ............................................ 13 19 20 24 27 87 12 15 18 21

Midwest ................................................................. 20 16 19 21 24 80 12 14 18 22

East North Central ............................................. 21 16 19 22 25 79 12 15 18 22

West ...................................................................... 18 18 22 25 28 82 12 15 17 21

Mountain ............................................................ 25 17 19 22 25 75 13 15 18 21

Pacific ................................................................ 15 20 24 28 31 85 12 15 17 21

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government

workers, March 2017

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.2 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 4.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 4.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.6 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 5.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.5

Service ................................................................... 1.3 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.0 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.8 3.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.6 2.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 4.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7

Hospitals .................................................... 4.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 4.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government

workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

State government .................................................. 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1

Local government .................................................. 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.8 1.9 2.7 2.8 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

New England ..................................................... 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.8 2.3 3.5 3.6 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.7 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 3.3 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 3.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 3.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 3.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3

West ...................................................................... 3.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 7.4 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.7 7.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 14 4 11 63 78

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 15 5 11 63 78

Professional and related .................................... 14 4 10 62 77

Teachers ........................................................ 11 3 6 58 72

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 3 3 56 70

Service ................................................................... 12 3 9 59 75

Protective service .............................................. 13 3 13 61 81

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 4 13 64 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 4 12 64 82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 7 15 65 78

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 – 21 66 76

Full time ................................................................. 16 5 12 66 82

Part time ................................................................ 5 2 6 41 55

Union ..................................................................... 15 3 16 57 81

Nonunion ............................................................... 13 5 8 67 75

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 13 3 6 59 69

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 9 3 3 56 62

Second 25 percent ............................................ 16 5 15 66 84

Third 25 percent ................................................ 17 5 13 68 82

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12 5 12 58 79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 5 13 54 79

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 4 11 63 78

Education and health services ........................... 13 4 7 63 77

Educational services ...................................... 12 3 6 60 74

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 8 2 3 54 69

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 22 6 15 77 91

Health care and social assistance ................. 25 6 14 81 92

Hospitals .................................................... 25 6 – 79 95

Public administration ......................................... 17 6 17 64 82

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 4 10 56 64

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10 4 15 53 60

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 4 6 59 68

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 5 12 65 82

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 5 10 54 69

500 workers or more .......................................... 17 4 13 70 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

State government .................................................. 30 7 21 85 93

Local government .................................................. 9 4 8 55 73

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 20 2 9 45 79

New England ..................................................... 19 – – 53 79

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 21 – 8 42 78

South ..................................................................... 13 6 5 74 80

South Atlantic .................................................... 16 8 5 74 87

East South Central ............................................ 6 – 9 71 69

West South Central ........................................... – 6 3 75 74

Midwest ................................................................. 13 4 12 59 69

East North Central ............................................. 13 4 13 60 68

West North Central ............................................ 12 – 11 57 70

West ...................................................................... 12 5 23 61 83

Mountain ............................................................ 12 5 17 67 81

Pacific ................................................................ 12 5 26 59 84

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2017

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.2 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.8 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 1.4 0.6 2.3 2.3

Service ................................................................... 1.1 0.5 1.0 2.4 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 1.5 0.9 1.8 3.2 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 2.2 2.2 4.1 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.9 – 4.2 3.9 3.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.1 2.7 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.6 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.6 0.8 1.9 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.3 0.7 0.9 2.9 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.6 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.1 1.7 2.3 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.3 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 0.8 0.6 1.5 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.7 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.1 0.4 2.0 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 1.3 2.0 2.7 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.3 2.4 3.1 2.7 2.4

Hospitals .................................................... 3.1 2.0 – 3.3 2.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 2.1 1.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.7 2.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.4 3.0 2.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

State government .................................................. 2.4 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.0

Local government .................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.5 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.8 1.2 2.3 1.8

New England ..................................................... 3.1 – – 2.8 3.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 – 1.1 3.1 2.1

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.7 1.9 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 2.6 1.2 3.2 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 1.2 – 1.2 2.9 3.5

West South Central ........................................... – 1.7 1.2 2.5 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.2 1.3 2.9 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 1.6 1.4 4.0 2.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 – 2.6 3.7 3.6

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.8 2.1

Mountain ............................................................ 2.8 1.3 3.8 7.2 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.9 1.0 2.4 3.0

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

planning

Stock options

Flexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 35 37 62 68 63 26 4 () 1 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 37 38 64 71 65 27 – 1 4 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 36 38 63 70 64 26 – 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Teachers ........................................................ 37 39 58 66 62 24 – – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 37 41 57 67 62 22 – – –

Service ................................................................... 31 35 58 63 58 23 – 1 1

Protective service .............................................. 30 35 61 67 64 28 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 36 37 64 70 63 27 – 1 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 36 38 64 70 64 28 – 1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 33 37 60 64 57 27 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 31 41 59 63 64 25 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 38 40 67 74 68 29 4 () 1 1

Part time ................................................................ 19 19 32 33 35 13 – 1 4 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 30 29 61 69 64 28 4 () 1 4 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 45 63 68 61 25 4 () 1 1

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 31 38 55 59 53 22 – 1 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 28 38 50 55 47 17 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 37 35 65 71 64 29 – 1 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 37 45 70 74 71 30 – 1 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 35 31 61 70 64 25 4 () 1 4 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 33 26 52 67 64 23 – 1 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 35 37 62 68 63 26 4 () 1 1

Education and health services ........................... 36 39 63 70 63 25 – 1 4 ( )

Educational services ...................................... 36 39 60 67 62 24 – – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 34 40 54 63 58 21 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 45 37 77 81 73 33 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 35 39 79 85 69 34 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 31 38 82 84 73 34 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 35 35 64 69 65 31 4 () 1 1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 31 51 56 50 23 – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 32 30 45 50 49 23 – – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 31 33 57 62 52 24 – – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 36 39 66 72 67 27 4 () 1 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 35 36 59 62 59 23 – – 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 36 41 69 78 70 29 – 1 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

planning

Stock options

Flexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Performance Signing Other

State government .................................................. 45 40 83 86 82 44 – 1 –

Local government .................................................. 31 36 55 63 57 21 – 1 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 13 10 46 57 70 26 – 1 –

New England ..................................................... 20 – 46 55 56 21 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 11 11 45 58 74 27 – 1 –

South ..................................................................... 40 55 71 76 67 27 – 1 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 40 51 75 78 71 26 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 43 59 63 69 64 33 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 38 58 69 75 64 26 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 39 32 57 66 61 25 – – –

East North Central ............................................. 38 30 55 64 61 25 – – –

West North Central ............................................ 41 36 61 69 61 25 – – –

West ...................................................................... 40 37 66 68 52 27 – – 1

Mountain ............................................................ 37 43 69 69 58 33 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 42 34 65 68 49 24 – – –

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement

accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax.

Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2017

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.5 2.1 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.0 3.4 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.0 4.0 3.8 4.5 4.1 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.6 3.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.1 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.7 4.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.8 4.4 3.4 1.9 5.0 3.4

Hospitals .................................................... 5.0 5.6 3.8 2.0 4.2 5.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.4 2.0 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.1 2.9 3.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.7 3.1 3.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 – 0.2 0.1

Professional and related .................................... 0.2 – 0.2 0.1

Teachers ........................................................ – – – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – – –

Service ................................................................... 0.5 – 0.3 0.4

Protective service .............................................. – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 – 0.5 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 – 0.5 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 0.2 – 0.2 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 4 ( ) 0.3 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 – 0.3 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 – 0.3 0.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 – 0.3 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.3 – 0.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.2 – 0.2 0.2

Educational services ...................................... 0.2 – – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.2 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.8 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 1.3 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 – – 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 – 0.3 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

State government .................................................. 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.5

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.8

New England ..................................................... 4.8 – 4.3 6.6 5.0 3.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.2

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 3.9 6.2 4.3 6.5 3.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 2.1 2.6 2.3 4.2 2.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.4 2.3 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 2.8 1.7 1.6 3.0 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 5.2 3.3 5.5 2.9 3.8 2.1

West ...................................................................... 1.8 2.6 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.2 4.9 2.6 3.5 3.6 5.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 3.0 1.8 1.7 2.4 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

State government .................................................. 0.5 – 0.5 –

Local government .................................................. 0.3 – 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 – 0.4 –

New England ..................................................... – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.5 – 0.5 –

South ..................................................................... 0.4 – 0.4 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – – –

East South Central ............................................ – – – –

West South Central ........................................... – – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.3 – – –

East North Central ............................................. – – – –

West North Central ............................................ – – – –

West ...................................................................... 0.3 – – 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ – – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.4 – – –

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 4 Less than 0.05. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 28 68 63

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 31 70 65

Professional and related .................................... 30 69 63

Teachers ........................................................ 28 69 61

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 26 69 61

Service ................................................................... 24 62 57

Protective service .............................................. 27 70 68

Sales and office ..................................................... 28 70 67

Office and administrative support ...................... 28 70 68

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 24 62 62

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 23 62 58

Full time ................................................................. 31 74 69

Part time ................................................................ 13 33 29

Union ..................................................................... 26 72 67

Nonunion ............................................................... 30 64 60

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 21 56 51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 47 42

Second 25 percent ............................................ 30 70 66

Third 25 percent ................................................ 34 74 71

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 29 72 67

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 29 72 68

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 28 68 63

Education and health services ........................... 30 68 61

Educational services ...................................... 30 68 61

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 24 65 57

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 50 80 76

Health care and social assistance ................. 32 68 61

Hospitals .................................................... 35 66 61

Public administration ......................................... 28 72 71

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23 59 55

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 55 53

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 21 64 58

100 workers or more .............................................. 30 70 66

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 21 62 57

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 75 70

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

State government .................................................. 48 87 87

Local government .................................................. 22 62 56

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 21 75 73

New England ..................................................... 13 70 72

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 23 77 73

South ..................................................................... 35 74 70

South Atlantic .................................................... 38 75 72

East South Central ............................................ 35 68 58

West South Central ........................................... 29 77 72

Midwest ................................................................. 20 61 54

East North Central ............................................. 18 59 53

West North Central ............................................ 24 65 57

West ...................................................................... 33 57 53

Mountain ............................................................ 28 45 43

Pacific ................................................................ 35 63 57

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access, State

and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.2 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 1.4 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 2.1 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 2.2 1.8

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 2.4 2.5 2.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 2.1 2.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 2.1 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 5.3 3.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.1 4.3 4.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.1 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.9 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.6 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.6 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 2.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 1.6 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.7 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 1.9 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 1.1 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.4 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.5 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.8 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 2.6 2.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.0 3.4 3.9

Hospitals .................................................... 5.7 4.3 4.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.4 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 2.1 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 2.9 3.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.7 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.2 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 2.6 2.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.3 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access, State

and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

State government .................................................. 2.0 1.8 1.5

Local government .................................................. 1.0 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.4

New England ..................................................... 3.7 3.0 3.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 2.6 2.8

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.7 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.5 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 7.5 6.1

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.6 2.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 2.8 3.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 2.7 4.3

West North Central ............................................ 5.0 6.4 3.7

West ...................................................................... 1.7 2.0 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 4.7 4.5 4.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.7 2.0

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 34 3 1 1 16 7 3 ( ) 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 35 4 1 3 ( ) 17 6 3 ( ) 12

Professional and related .................................... 33 3 1 3 ( ) 17 6 – 12

Teachers ........................................................ 31 2 1 – 16 5 – 12

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 33 2 1 – 18 5 – 12

Service ................................................................... 32 3 2 2 15 8 – 10

Protective service .............................................. 42 6 – 1 19 11 – 15

Sales and office ..................................................... 34 4 2 1 16 8 3 ( ) 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 34 4 2 1 16 8 3 ( ) 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 39 – 2 3 15 – – 9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 37 – – 2 16 9 – 14

Full time ................................................................. 38 4 1 1 18 8 3 ( ) 12

Part time ................................................................ 14 2 – 1 5 1 – 4

Union ..................................................................... 45 4 – – 29 8 3 ( ) 13

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 3 2 1 6 6 3 ( ) 10

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 26 1 2 2 8 6 – 9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 19 3 () 3 2 4 6 – 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 37 4 1 1 17 9 – 13

Third 25 percent ................................................ 35 4 1 – 17 7 3 ( ) 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 41 5 1 – 24 6 – 12

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 44 6 – – 25 6 – 15

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 34 3 1 1 16 7 3 ( ) 11

Education and health services ........................... 31 3 1 – 15 6 3 ( ) 10

Educational services ...................................... 31 2 1 – 16 5 – 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 30 2 1 – 17 5 – 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 32 5 – – 14 6 – 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 35 5 – – 12 8 2 12

Hospitals .................................................... 29 6 – – 7 5 – 9

Public administration ......................................... 41 6 2 1 19 10 – 14

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 4 1 – 18 7 – 8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 32 6 – – 16 – – 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 3 2 – 20 3 – 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 35 3 1 1 16 7 3 ( ) 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 36 2 2 2 18 8 – 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 4 1 3 ( ) 14 7 3 ( ) 13

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

State government .................................................. 46 9 3 ( ) – 19 11 – 17

Local government .................................................. 31 2 2 1 15 6 3 () 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 47 – – – 32 7 – 14

New England ..................................................... 55 – – – 36 17 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 44 – – – 31 4 – 15

South ..................................................................... 32 2 2 1 5 8 – 15

South Atlantic .................................................... 45 4 4 1 9 8 – 24

East South Central ............................................ 27 – – 5 2 18 – 3

West South Central ........................................... 14 1 – – 1 4 – 7

Midwest ................................................................. 29 1 – – 16 11 – 9

East North Central ............................................. 29 1 – – 20 9 – 10

West North Central ............................................ 28 – – – 7 13 – 8

West ...................................................................... 33 9 – – 22 2 – 5

Mountain ............................................................ 14 – 2 – 2 – – 5

Pacific ................................................................ 42 12 – – 31 – – 5

1 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary

of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.2 0.4 – 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 0.6 0.3 – 1.3 0.4 – 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.5 0.5 0.3 – 1.8 0.5 – 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.8 – 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 1.2 – 0.5 1.8 1.4 – 2.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 0.9 0.6 0.1 1.4 1.1 0.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 0.9 0.6 0.1 1.4 1.1 0.2 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.7 – 0.7 1.0 1.9 – – 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.7 – – 1.0 3.9 2.2 – 2.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 0.4 – 0.4 0.9 0.4 – 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.5 – – 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.9 – 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 0.1 1.0 0.3 0.8 1.3 – 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.8 – 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 0.6 0.4 – 1.3 0.7 0.1 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.8 0.4 – 1.8 0.6 – 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 1.5 – – 2.7 0.8 – 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 0.3 0.3 – 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 0.3 0.3 – 1.2 0.5 – 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 0.2 0.2 – 1.6 0.6 – 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 0.8 – – 2.1 1.7 – 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.4 1.6 – – 2.9 2.0 1.1 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 4.9 1.6 – – 2.0 2.4 – 1.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.0 – 1.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.2 1.0 0.4 – 1.9 1.8 – 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.7 1.3 – – 2.6 – – 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 1.3 0.2 – 3.0 1.2 – 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.1 – 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.5 0.4 3 ( ) 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

State government .................................................. 2.0 0.9 0.2 – 1.5 1.7 – 1.4

Local government .................................................. 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 – – – 2.0 0.6 – 1.2

New England ..................................................... 3.0 – – – 3.1 1.7 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 – – – 2.4 0.7 – 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.7 – 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.3 1.8 0.6 – 2.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 – – 1.2 0.8 2.3 – 0.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 0.4 – – 0.3 1.5 – 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.5 – – 1.8 0.9 – 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.5 0.3 – – 2.5 1.1 – 1.2

West North Central ............................................ 3.3 – – – 1.8 1.9 – 2.5

West ...................................................................... 2.6 1.0 – – 2.5 0.7 – 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 – 0.8 – 0.7 – – 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 3.5 1.1 – – 3.6 – – 1.3

1 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary

of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, State and local

government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 58 57 48 43

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 60 59 49 44

Professional and related .................................... 59 59 48 43

Teachers ........................................................ 61 60 46 42

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 64 63 48 45

Service ................................................................... 52 52 44 40

Protective service .............................................. 54 54 49 45

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 61 51 46

Office and administrative support ...................... 61 61 51 46

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 50 51 45 39

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 56 57 45 43

Full time ................................................................. 62 62 51 47

Part time ................................................................ 31 30 25 25

Union ..................................................................... 61 61 65 59

Nonunion ............................................................... 55 55 33 30

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 47 47 31 29

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 41 41 24 23

Second 25 percent ............................................ 57 57 50 47

Third 25 percent ................................................ 61 61 50 46

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 65 65 61 54

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 64 64 64 57

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 58 57 48 43

Education and health services ........................... 61 60 47 42

Educational services ...................................... 62 61 47 43

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 63 61 46 42

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 60 59 51 43

Health care and social assistance ................. 51 50 44 41

Hospitals .................................................... 48 49 36 35

Public administration ......................................... 56 56 50 46

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 58 57 46 44

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 50 49 45 41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 65 64 47 47

100 workers or more .............................................. 57 57 48 43

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 54 54 43 41

500 workers or more .......................................... 59 59 50 44

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, State and local

government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

State government .................................................. 63 62 51 43

Local government .................................................. 56 56 46 43

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 63 65 60

New England ..................................................... 36 34 48 42

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 73 71 65

South ..................................................................... 57 58 24 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 52 52 26 21

East South Central ............................................ 63 60 22 21

West South Central ........................................... 63 64 21 23

Midwest ................................................................. 33 31 41 33

East North Central ............................................. 32 29 50 38

West North Central ............................................ 34 34 25 24

West ...................................................................... 77 77 79 76

Mountain ............................................................ 67 66 66 58

Pacific ................................................................ 81 82 84 85

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.5 2.7 1.8 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 2.6 1.8 1.7

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.7 5.5 4.1 4.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.0 4.5 3.0 3.4

Hospitals .................................................... 5.8 6.2 4.1 5.0

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.9 3.4 3.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 2.6 2.0 2.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

State government .................................................. 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0

Local government .................................................. 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.1

New England ..................................................... 8.2 7.9 6.2 7.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.0 2.6 2.5 3.3

South ..................................................................... 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.1 3.1 3.4 2.9

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 3.8 0.9 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 4.5 3.8 3.5 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 2.8 1.9 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 3.3 2.2 1.8

West North Central ............................................ 4.9 5.3 3.5 3.2

West ...................................................................... 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1

Mountain ............................................................ 4.8 5.1 6.1 5.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.4 1.7 1.6

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 88 1 4 8 81 8 1 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 1 3 5 82 9 1 8

Professional and related .................................... 90 1 3 6 81 10 1 8

Teachers ........................................................ 91 1 3 5 81 11 1 () 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 – – – 86 13 – –

Service ................................................................... 78 2 5 14 74 7 1 18

Protective service .............................................. 89 – – 8 85 – – 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 1 3 8 81 7 1 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 1 3 8 82 – – 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 – 3 – 89 6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 85 – 6 10 79 6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 99 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 91 8 1 () 1

Part time ................................................................ 23 4 23 50 19 8 4 68

Union ..................................................................... 94 1 3 2 88 8 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 82 1 4 12 75 9 1 16

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 2 8 20 64 8 1 26

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 56 3 11 30 51 8 1 40

Second 25 percent ............................................ 92 1 2 5 86 7 1 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 97 1 ( ) 1 2 87 10 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 1 ( ) 2 3 87 8 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 – 4 – 84 9 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 88 1 4 8 81 8 1 11

Education and health services ........................... 89 1 4 6 81 9 1 9

Educational services ...................................... 89 1 4 6 80 10 1 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 1 4 6 78 12 1 9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 2 4 6 85 – – 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 – – 6 87 – – 9

Hospitals .................................................... 91 – – 6 87 – – 9

Public administration ......................................... 89 1 2 8 83 7 1 ( ) 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 84 2 4 11 74 12 1 14

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 81 1 5 14 69 – – 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 86 2 3 8 78 11 1 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 89 1 3 7 83 7 1 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 85 1 5 8 77 10 1 13

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 1 3 6 86 6 1 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 83 6 3 8 35 54 1 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 86 6 3 6 38 54 1 7

Professional and related .................................... 85 6 3 6 37 54 1 8

Teachers ........................................................ 89 3 2 6 36 56 1 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 98 – – – 32 67 – –

Service ................................................................... 73 7 5 15 28 52 3 17

Protective service .............................................. 86 3 3 8 32 58 2 9

Sales and office ..................................................... 83 6 3 9 36 53 1 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 84 6 2 8 36 54 1 9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 87 8 2 2 38 57 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 81 4 6 10 26 59 – –

Full time ................................................................. 93 6 1 ( ) 1 40 59 – –

Part time ................................................................ 21 6 19 54 7 20 9 64

Union ..................................................................... 92 4 3 2 33 62 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 76 8 3 13 37 47 2 15

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 64 8 7 21 26 46 4 24

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 50 9 8 33 19 40 6 35

Second 25 percent ............................................ 86 7 2 5 38 55 1 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 5 1 2 38 60 1 () 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 90 5 2 3 40 55 1 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 5 3 4 43 50 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 83 6 3 8 35 53 1 10

Education and health services ........................... 84 6 3 7 37 53 1 9

Educational services ...................................... 86 4 4 7 34 56 1 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 88 1 4 7 26 64 1 9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 79 10 3 7 57 33 2 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 20 2 7 54 37 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 66 24 2 7 59 32 – –

Public administration ......................................... 85 5 2 8 35 55 1 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 6 3 11 26 59 1 13

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 76 5 4 14 23 59 2 16

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 82 7 3 9 29 59 1 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 6 3 7 38 52 1 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 82 4 5 9 28 58 2 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 7 2 6 43 49 1 7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

State government .................................................. 95 1 1 ( ) 4 90 6 1 () 4

Local government .................................................. 85 1 5 9 77 9 1 13

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 86 1 6 7 80 7 2 11

New England ..................................................... 83 – – 10 80 – – 11

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 87 1 ( ) 7 6 80 7 2 11

South ..................................................................... 92 1 2 5 82 11 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 1 2 7 84 – – 8

East South Central ............................................ 91 – – 5 74 18 – 8

West South Central ........................................... 95 – – 3 82 13 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 84 1 6 9 80 5 1 15

East North Central ............................................. 82 1 7 10 79 4 1 16

West North Central ............................................ 87 – – 7 81 – – 12

West ...................................................................... 87 1 2 10 79 – – 12

Mountain ............................................................ 85 – – 13 82 – – 14

Pacific ................................................................ 88 1 3 8 78 11 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

State government .................................................. 90 6 1 ( ) 4 48 48 – –

Local government .................................................. 80 6 4 10 31 55 2 12

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 82 5 5 8 30 57 – –

New England ..................................................... 76 12 – – 15 73 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 84 3 6 7 35 52 – –

South ..................................................................... 87 5 2 6 41 52 1 6

South Atlantic .................................................... 86 5 2 8 55 36 1 8

East South Central ............................................ 86 6 – – 39 53 – 8

West South Central ........................................... 90 6 1 4 20 76 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 77 7 5 10 38 47 3 12

East North Central ............................................. 76 7 6 11 44 40 4 13

West North Central ............................................ 80 8 4 8 28 60 2 11

West ...................................................................... 82 6 2 10 28 59 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 77 – – 13 33 53 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 84 5 2 9 26 63 – –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2017

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 – – – 1.5 1.6 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.4 0.4 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.3 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 1.3 – – 1.5 1.6 – – 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.3 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.6 – – 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 – 0.9 – 2.1 1.8 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 – 2.3 2.7 4.6 1.5 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 0.7 2.1 2.6 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.7 0.7 0.4 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 0.8 1.7 2.5 2.1 1.2 0.4 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.0 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.3 1.0 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 – 0.8 – 1.7 1.2 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.2 0.2 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.7 – – 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.3 – – 1.3 1.9 – – 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 – – 1.4 2.7 – – 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.7 1.2 0.3 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 0.5 0.9 2.0 2.7 – – 2.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 0.6 0.9 1.4 2.3 1.8 0.2 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.3 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.2 0.3 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 – – – 1.0 1.2 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.9 1.9 0.4 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.0 2.0 1.8 0.3 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.9 0.9 0.9 3.1 3.3 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.6 1.5 2.3 2.7 3.2 4.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.8 – –

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 0.7 1.9 2.4 0.7 1.6 2.1 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 0.7 0.8 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 1.0 1.4 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.7 3.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.7 0.3 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.5 0.4 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.9 2.0 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 1.6 1.0 1.4 2.6 2.5 0.9 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.0 3.3 0.5 1.5 4.5 4.9 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 5.2 4.6 0.7 1.5 5.8 6.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.0 0.4 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 1.2 1.0 1.9 2.6 3.2 0.6 2.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 1.5 0.8 1.4 2.3 2.5 0.4 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.7 1.0 0.9 2.0 2.1 0.7 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

State government .................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.7

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.7

New England ..................................................... 1.4 – – 1.5 2.5 – – 1.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.1 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.9 2.2

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.1 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.3 – – 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 – – 0.8 1.9 2.3 – 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 – – 0.9 2.6 2.7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.7 2.0 1.0 0.2 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 0.4 0.9 2.5 2.7 1.1 0.2 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 1.5 – – 1.4 2.5 – – 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.9 2.2 – – 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 – – 2.2 4.4 – – 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.9 2.4 2.1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2017—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

State government .................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.1 0.8 1.9 2.1 – –

Local government .................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.8 – –

New England ..................................................... 2.2 2.3 – – 4.3 4.4 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.8 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.4 0.3 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.8 0.3 1.3 1.4 2.0 0.3 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 1.8 – – 4.2 3.8 – 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.1 0.2 1.2 2.5 3.0 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.1 2.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.3 0.8 2.2 1.9 1.2 1.7 3.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 3.4 3.5 0.8 0.9

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.9 1.9 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 – – 2.2 4.1 3.1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.1 0.5 1.0 2.0 2.3 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2017.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, State and

local government workers, March 2017

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

All workers ............................................................. 60 58

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 46 43

Professional and related .................................... 39 36

Teachers ........................................................ 15 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 12 8

Service ................................................................... 73 72

Protective service .............................................. 88 88

Sales and office ..................................................... 85 84

Office and administrative support ...................... 86 85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 61 60

Full time ................................................................. 66 64

Part time ................................................................ 21 20

Union ..................................................................... 57 55

Nonunion ............................................................... 63 60

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 57 55

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 42 41

Second 25 percent ............................................ 85 84

Third 25 percent ................................................ 62 60

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 40 37

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 37 34

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 59 57

Education and health services ........................... 44 40

Educational services ...................................... 36 33

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 25 21

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 69 68

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 90

Hospitals .................................................... 90 89

Public administration ......................................... 90 89

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 55 52

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 64 63

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 46 41

100 workers or more .............................................. 61 60

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 60 58

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 60

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, State and

local government workers, March 2017—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

State government .................................................. 86 86

Local government .................................................. 51 49

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 56 55

New England ..................................................... 53 53

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 57 56

South ..................................................................... 61 59

South Atlantic .................................................... 66 64

East South Central ............................................ 60 59

West South Central ........................................... 55 51

Midwest ................................................................. 54 52

East North Central ............................................. 53 52

West North Central ............................................ 56 52

West ...................................................................... 66 63

Mountain ............................................................ 61 56

Pacific ................................................................ 68 67

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations:

Access, State and local government workers, March 2017

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.1

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 1.3 1.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.4 4.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 2.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.7 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.8 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 1.5

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 2.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations:

Access, State and local government workers, March

2017—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

State government .................................................. 1.2 1.0

Local government .................................................. 1.1 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.2 2.6

New England ..................................................... 3.0 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.0 3.4

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 6.7 6.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.1 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 2.1

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.9

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2017.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 1. Survey establishment response, March 2017

Establishments Civilian Private industry State and local

governments

Total in sampling frame1 ................................ 6,211,244 5,978,422 232,822

 Total in sample ............................................ 11,400 9,802 1,598

 Responding2 .............................................. 8,175 6,728 1,447

 Refused3 .................................................... 2,149 2,009 140

 Out of business or not in survey scope ..... 1,076 1,065 11

1 The sampling frame was developed from state unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2012

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). With some minor exceptions, an establishment is a

single economic unit that engages in one, or predominantly one, type of economic activity. For private industry,

the establishment is usually at a single physical location such as a mine, factory, office, or store; if a sampled

establishment is owned by a larger entity with many locations, only the employment and characteristics of the

establishment selected for the sample are considered for the survey. For state and local governments, an

establishment can include more than one physical location, such as a school district or a police department. 2 Establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 3 Establishments that did not provide data at the initial interview. Data for establishments not responding at

the time of update interviews are imputed. Detailed information on nonresponse adjustment and imputation can

be found in BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 8, “National Compensation Measures,” Bureau of Labor

Statistics, on the Internet at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 2. Number of workers represented,1 March 2017

Occupational group2 Civilian workers Private industry

workers

State and local

government

workers

All workers ..................................................... 135,130,100 115,818,600 19,311,400

Management, professional, and related .... 41,997,200 30,926,300 11,070,900

Management, business, and financial ... 12,124,700 10,499,300 –

Professional and related ........................ 29,872,400 20,427,000 9,445,400

Teachers ........................................... 6,873,700 – 5,126,600

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers ........... 4,696,300 – 3,934,100

Registered nurses ............................. 3,141,400 – –

Service ...................................................... 29,105,500 25,183,000 3,922,400

Protective service .................................. 3,247,200 1,391,000 1,856,200

Sales and office ......................................... 33,398,500 30,687,000 2,711,500

Sales and related .................................. 12,452,600 12,366,800 –

Office and administrative support .......... 20,945,800 18,320,200 2,625,700

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................ 10,590,600 9,742,500 848,100

Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry ............................. 5,124,400 4,641,700 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair .... 5,466,200 5,100,800 –

Production, transportation, and material

moving ..................................................... 20,038,400 19,279,900 758,500

Production ............................................. 9,640,600 9,519,300 –

Transportation and material moving ...... 10,397,800 9,760,500 –

1 The numbers of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the

number of workers provide a description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey.

Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends

or levels. 2 The 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system is used to classify workers.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no estimates for

this characteristic are provided in this publication.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Technical Note

Estimates in this release are from the National Compensation Survey (NCS), conducted by the U.S. 

Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This publication contains March 2017 estimates on 

civilian, private industry, and state and local government workers in the United States. Workers in the 

civilian economy are defined as those employed in private industry and state and local government. 

Excluded from the civilian economy are workers employed in federal and quasi-federal agencies, military 

personnel, agricultural workers, volunteers, unpaid workers, individuals receiving long-term disability 

compensation, and those working overseas. In addition, private industry excludes workers in private 

households, the self-employed, workers who set their own pay (e.g., proprietors, owners, major 

stockholders, and partners in unincorporated firms), and family members paid token wages.

The NCS provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost levels and trends and also provides 

benefits incidence estimates on the percentage of workers with access to and participating in employerprovided benefit plans. The survey covers a broad range of benefits including holidays and vacations, sick 

leave, life insurance, and detailed provisions for health care and retirement plans. Archived NCS releases 

are available at www.bls.gov/ncs/ncspubs.htm. 

Calculation details

Average hourly earnings from sampled occupations within an establishment were used to produce 

estimates for worker groups within six earnings categories: the lowest 10 percent, the lowest 25 percent, 

the second 25 percent, the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 10 percent. The 

categories are based on unpublished March 2017 wages and salaries from the Employer Costs for 

Employee Compensation. 

The percentiles were computed using earnings and scheduled hours of work reported for individual 

workers in sampled establishment jobs. Establishments in the survey are asked to report only individual 

worker earnings for each sampled job. For the calculation of the hourly percentile values, the individual 

worker hourly earnings are weighted and arrayed from lowest to highest. The values corresponding to 

the percentiles are:

Characteristics

Hourly wage percentiles

10 25

50

(median) 75 90

Civilian workers $10.00 $12.86 $19.23 $30.95 $47.02

Private industry workers $9.79 $12.25 $18.16 $29.44 $46.10

State and local government workers $13.19 $17.79 $26.50 $37.75 $51.18

The lowest 10-percent and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly 

wage less than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-percent 

category includes those occupations that make at or above the 25th percentile value but less than the 
50th percentile value. The third 25-percent category includes those occupations that make at or above 

the 50th percentile value but less than the 75th percentile value. Finally, the highest 25- and 10-percent 

wage categories include those occupations with an average wage value greater than or equal to the 75th 

and 90th percentile value, respectively.

(Note: Individual workers can fall into an earnings category different from the average for the occupation 

into which they are classified because average hourly earnings for the occupation are used to produce 

the benefit estimates.)

Selected concepts and terms

Access

Employees are considered to have access to a benefit plan if it is available for their use. For example, if 

an employee is permitted to participate in a medical care plan offered by the employer, but the employee 

declines to do so, he or she is placed in a category with those having access to medical care benefits. 

Participation

Employees in contributory plans are considered participants in an insurance or retirement plan if they 

have paid required contributions and fulfilled any applicable service requirements. Employees in 

noncontributory plans are counted as participating regardless of whether they have fulfilled the service 

requirements. (Note: Incidence can mean either access or rates of participation in a benefit plan.)

Take-up rates

Take-up rates are the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan. They are 

computed by using the number of workers participating in a plan divided by the number of workers with 

access to the plan, multiplied by 100, and rounded to the nearest one percent. Since the computation of 

take-up rates is based on the number of workers collected rather than rounded percentage estimates, the 

take-up rates in the tables may not equal the ratio of participation to access estimates.

Comparing private and public sector data

Incidence of employee benefits in state and local government should not be directly compared to private 

industry. Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities and 

occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry 

work activities but are rare in state and local government. Administrative support and professional 

occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government workforce, 

compared with one-half of private industry.

Leave benefits for teachers

Primary, secondary, and special education teachers typically have a work schedule of 37 or 38 weeks per 

year. Because of this work schedule, they are generally not offered vacations or holidays. In many cases, 
the time off during winter and spring breaks during the school year are not considered vacation days for 

the purposes of this survey.

Medical care premiums

The estimates for medical care premiums are not based on actual decisions regarding medical coverage 

made by employees; instead they are based on the assumption that all employees in the occupation can 

opt for single or family coverage. Monthly premiums are collected when possible. Annual premiums are 

converted to monthly premiums by dividing by 12 months.

Retirement plans

Differences in retirement plan participation are influenced by type of plan offered. In defined benefit 

plans participation is often mandatory, after meeting eligibility requirements, while participation in 

defined contribution plans is often voluntary.

For additional definitions of benefit terms, see the Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms 

available online at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20162017.htm. 

Sample rotation

The state and local government sample was replaced in its entirety for the March 2017 reference period. 

It was last replaced with the March 2007 reference period. The government sample is replaced less 

frequently than the private industry sample. One-third of the private industry sample is rotated each year 

except in years when the government sample is replaced.

Sample size

See appendix table 1.

Survey scope

See appendix table 2.

Geographic areas

The census regions are defined as follows:

Northeast: New England and Middle Atlantic

South: South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central

Midwest: East North Central and West North Central

West: Mountain and Pacific

The census divisions are defined as follows: 

New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont
Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania

South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South 

Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia

East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee

West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas

East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin

West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota

Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming

Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington

Additional information

For research articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review at

www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/home.htm and Beyond the Numbers: Pay and Benefits at www.bls.gov/opub/btn/. 

For further technical information, see Chapter 8, "National Compensation Measures," of the BLS 

Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.