Building Technologies Program 1 eere.energy.gov

Public Service of Colorado Ponnequin Wind Farm

BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM

Framework Document Public Meeting 

on Energy Conservation Standards 

for Electric Motors

James Raba

Department of Energy

Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy

ElecMotors-2010-STD-0027@ee.doe.gov

October 18, 2010
Building Technologies Program 2 eere.energy.gov

• Introductions

• Role of the Facilitator

• Ground Rules (norms)

– Listen as an ally

– Use short, succinct statements/keep to the point

– Hold sidebar conversations outside the room

– Focus on issues, not personalities

– One person speak at a time (raise hand to be recognized; state 

your name for the record)

– Set cell phones to silent/vibrate

• Housekeeping Items

Welcome and Introduction
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Morning Agenda

9:00 – 9:05 am

9:05 – 9:20 am

9:20 – 9:40 am

9:40 – 9:50 am

9:50 – 10:15 am

10:15 – 10:30 am

10:30 – 11:00 am

11:00 – 11:45 am

11:45 – 12:45 pm

Welcome

Introductions and Agenda Review

Opening Remarks

Regulatory History

Rulemaking Overview and Scope of Coverage

Break

Market and Technology Assessment and Screening 

Analysis

Engineering Analysis

Break for lunch
Building Technologies Program 4 eere.energy.gov

Afternoon Agenda

12:45 – 1:00 pm

1:00 – 1:15 pm

1:15 – 1:45 pm

1:45 – 2:15 pm

2:15 – 2:30 pm

2:30 – 2:40 pm

2:40 – 3:10 pm

3:10 – 3:55 pm

Energy Use Analysis

Markups for Equipment Price Determination

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis

Shipments Analysis, National Impact Analysis, and 

Life-Cycle Cost Subgroup Analysis

Break

Manufacturer Impact Analysis

Utility Impact Analysis, Employment Impact Analysis, 

Environmental Assessment, and Regulatory Impact 

Analysis

Other issues and comments; closing remarks
Building Technologies Program 5 eere.energy.gov

Interested Parties Opening 

Statements

• At this time DOE welcomes opening remarks on the framework 

document for electric motors.
Building Technologies Program 6 eere.energy.gov

Scope

Preliminary Analysis

NOPR Analyses

Closing Remarks

Public Meeting Agenda

4

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

3 Rulemaking Overview

1 Introduction
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Purpose of the Framework 

Document Public Meeting

• Present the procedural and analytical approaches to evaluate energy 

conservation standards for electric motors.

• Provide a forum for public discussion of rulemaking issues.

• Encourage interested parties to submit data, information, and written 

comments.

• Inform interested parties and facilitate the rulemaking process.
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Request for Comment

Issue Box In the Rulemaking Framework Document for 

Electric Motors, DOE welcomes comment. Throughout this 

presentation, specific issues will be raised for discussion on 

slides such as this, with identifying numbers 

corresponding to those in the Framework Document. 

Nonetheless, comments concerning any part of the 

document or presentation are welcome.
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Feedback Is Requested 

Especially on Items Identified in Framework Document

• In all correspondence, please refer to the Electric Motors rulemaking by:

– Electric Motors Rulemaking,

– Docket Number EERE–2010–BT–STD–0027, and

– Regulatory Identification Number (RIN) 1904-AC28

• Email: ElecMotors-2010-STD-0027@ee.doe.gov 

• Comment period closes: October 28, 2010

Postal: Hand Delivery/Courier:

Ms. Brenda Edwards

U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J

1000 Independence Avenue, SW

Washington, DC 20585-0121

Ms. Brenda Edwards

U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program, Suite 600

950 L’Enfant Plaza, SW

Washington, DC 20024

Tel: 202-586-2945
Building Technologies Program 10 eere.energy.gov

Scope

Preliminary Analysis

NOPR Analyses

Closing Remarks

Public Meeting Agenda

1 Introduction

4

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

3 Rulemaking Overview
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Regulatory History

• Part A of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act 

(EPCA) of 1975 (Public Law 94-163)

– Established the “Energy Conservation Program for 

Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles.”

– Subsequent amendments to EPCA gave DOE the 

authority to regulate the energy efficiency of several 

types of equipment.

• Energy Policy Act (EPACT) of 1992 (Public Law 102-

486)

– Prescribed energy efficiency standards for certain 

commercial & industrial motors.
Building Technologies Program 12 eere.energy.gov

Regulatory History (Continued)

• Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 

2007 (Public Law 110-140)

– Updated the energy efficiency standards for electric 

motors established in EPACT 1992.

– Established energy efficiency standards for a larger 

scope of electric motors, not previously covered.

• Today ...

– DOE begins the process to consider further amending 

the efficiency standards for electric motors.

– As per EPCA’s direction, DOE should publish a final 

rule determining whether to amend energy 

conservation standard for electric motors by 

December 19, 2012.

– Any standards that DOE establishes would go into 

effect on December 19, 2015.
Building Technologies Program 13 eere.energy.gov

Test Procedures

• On October 5, 1999, DOE published a final rule test procedure for 

electric motors. (64 Fed. Reg. 54114).

– IEEE Std 112 Test Method B and CSA C390 Test Method 1

– Established methods for compliance, including the use of an Alternative 

Efficiency Determination Method (AEDM).

• On December 22, 2008 DOE published a Notice of Proposed 

Rulemaking (NOPR) test procedure:

– Updated definitions of key terms and citations to industry standards 

incorporated by reference. 
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Test Procedures (cont’d)

• DOE is currently developing a Supplemental Notice of Proposed 

Rulemaking (SNOPR) primarily focused on updating various definitions 

and incorporations by reference related to the current test procedure.

– Until finalized, manufacturers are required to determine compliance using 

current test procedure.

– DOE is also considering updating the definitions of general purpose electric 

motor (subtype I), NEMA Design B general purpose electric motor, and fire 

pump motor.

Item 1 DOE welcomes comment on any additional test 

procedures that should be considered or comments about the test 

procedures listed.
Building Technologies Program 15 eere.energy.gov

Scope

Preliminary Analysis

NOPR Analyses

Closing Remarks

Public Meeting Agenda

1 Introduction

4

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

3 Rulemaking Overview
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EPCA Factors

42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i) directs DOE to consider seven factors when 

setting energy conservation standards for electric motors:

EPCA Factors DOE Analysis

1. Economic impact on consumers and 

manufacturers

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

Manufacturer Impact Analysis

2. Lifetime operating cost savings compared 

to increased cost for the product

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

3. Total projected energy savings National Impact Analysis 

4. Impact on utility or performance Engineering Analysis

Screening Analysis

5. Impact of any lessening of competition Manufacturer Impact Analysis

6. Need for national energy conservation National Impact Analysis

7. Other factors the Secretary considers 

relevant

Environmental Assessment

Utility Impact Analysis

Employment Impact Analysis
Building Technologies Program 17 eere.energy.gov

Stages for the Energy Conservation 

Standards for Electric Motors

Framework 

Document 

Public Meeting

Points of Interested Parties Participation

Milestones for DOE

Preliminary 

Analysis

Public 

Meeting

NOPR

Public 

Meeting

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
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Framework Document

Framework

Document

Preliminary 

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Today

• Today’s public meeting covers the Framework Document for Electric 

Motors

• Federal Register Notice of Public Meeting, 75 FR 59657, September 28, 

2010.

– Gives notice of the public meeting and availability of the Framework 

Document being discussed today.

• Framework Document

– Provides an overview of the rulemaking process and encourages interested 

parties’ early participation.

– Encourages interested parties to submit comments by October 28, 2010.

– The Framework Document and materials from today’s public meeting are 

available online:

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/electric_motor

s.html
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Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment

Screening 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Product Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis
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Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

NOPR

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis
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Analyses for Final Rule

Framework

Document NOPR Final 

Rule

Revise NOPR 

Analyses

Preliminary 

Analysis
Building Technologies Program 22 eere.energy.gov

Scope

Preliminary Analysis

NOPR Analyses

Closing Remarks

Public Meeting Agenda

1 Introduction

4

5

6

7

2 Regulatory History

3 Rulemaking Overview
Building Technologies Program 23 eere.energy.gov

Electric Motors Related Statutory 

Definitions

 EISA 2007 establishes definitions for general purpose electric motor 

(subtype I) and general purpose electric motor (subtype II). (42 U.S.C. 

6311(13))

 General purpose electric motor (subtype I) means any motor that 

meets the definition of “General Purpose” as established in the final rule 

issued by the DOE entitled “Energy Efficiency Program for Certain 

Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Test Procedures, Labeling, and 

Certification Requirements for Electric Motors” (10 CFR 431), as in 

effect on the date of enactment of EISA 2007. (42 U.S.C. 6311(13)(A))
Building Technologies Program 24 eere.energy.gov

Electric Motors Related Statutory 

Definitions (Continued)

• General purpose electric motor (subtype II) means motors 

incorporating the design elements of a general purpose electric motor 

(subtype I) that are configured as one of the following (42 U.S.C. 

6311(13)(B)) :

– U-Frame motor

– Design C motor

– Closed-coupled pump motor

– Footless motor

– Vertical solid shaft normal thrust motor (tested in a horizontal configuration)

– 8-pole motor (900 rpm)

– Poly-phase motor with voltage ≤ 600 V (other than 230 or 460 V)
Building Technologies Program 25 eere.energy.gov

DOE’s Electric Motors Related 

Definitions

• In March 2009, the EISA En Masse Technical Amendment codified a 

definition for general purpose electric motor (subtype I) to mean any 

motor designed in standard ratings with either:

– Standard operating characteristics and standard mechanical construction 

for use under usual service conditions (NEMA MG1-1993 paragraph 14.02) 

and without restriction to a particular type of application.

– Standard operating characteristics and standard mechanical construction 

for use under unusual service conditions (NEMA MG1-1993 paragraph 

14.03) or for a particular type of application, and which can be used in most 

general purpose applications.
Building Technologies Program 26 eere.energy.gov

Electric Motor Categories & 

Current Standards

Electric Motors

General 

Purpose 

(Subtype I)

Design A & B, foot 

mounted, open & 

enclosed

2, 4, 6 

poles

1 – 200 hp

NEMA 

Premium

General 

Purpose 

(Subtype II)

U-Frame, Design C, Closecoupled pump, Footless, 

Vertical solid shaft, etc.

2, 4, 6, 8 

poles

1 – 200 hp

EPACT ‘92

NEMA 

Design B

2, 4, 6, 8 

poles

201 – 500 hp

EPACT ‘92

Fire Pump 

Motors

2, 4, 6, 8 

poles

1 – 500 hp

EPACT ‘92
Building Technologies Program 27 eere.energy.gov

NEMA Design Characteristics

Source: http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_2/chpt_13/7.html

• NEMA Design A – Normal starting torque, high starting current

• NEMA Design B – Normal starting torque and current, most popular

• NEMA Design C – High starting torque, used in crushers and conveyors
Building Technologies Program 28 eere.energy.gov

Electric Motor Categories by NEMA 

Design

Design A

Design C Design B

Vertical Solid 

Shaft Motors

Closed-coupled 

Pump Motors

Fire Pump Motors

T-Frame Motors

U-Frame 

Motors

• DOE understands that not all types of motors or unique features are 

offered in all NEMA Design types.

DOE requests comment on whether the above diagram accurately depicts 

the design characteristics of the motors listed.
Building Technologies Program 29 eere.energy.gov

Scope

NOPR Analyses

Closing Remarks

Public Meeting Agenda

1 Introduction

4

6

7

2 Regulatory History

3 Rulemaking Overview

5 Preliminary Analysis
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Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment
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Market and Technology Assessment

Purpose

• Characterize the markets, the electric motor industries, and the 

measures to improve efficiency

Method

• Identify and characterize manufacturers of electric motors;

• Estimate shipments and trends in the market;

• Identify regulatory and non-regulatory initiatives intended to 

improve the efficiency of the equipment covered under this 

rulemaking;

• Establish product classes; and

• Identify technologies that could improve efficiency.
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Relationship of Market and Technology 

Assessment to Other Analyses

Market and Technology 

Assessment Product Classes

Technology Options to improve efficiency

Screening Analysis

Design Options to improve efficiency

Engineering Analysis
Building Technologies Program 33 eere.energy.gov

Product Classes

• DOE is considering dividing electric motor 

product classes by:

– Horsepower Rating

– Pole Configuration

– Enclosure Type (Open vs. Enclosed)

– NEMA Design Letter (Design A & B vs. C)

– Frame Type (U vs. T)

– Vertical Solid Shaft Normal Thrust Motor

– Fire Pump Motor

• DOE establishes separate energy conservation standards for each 

product class.

• DOE divides covered products into classes by:

– The type of energy used

– Capacity of the product or other performance-related features that 

justify different standard levels, such as features affecting consumer 

utility (42 U.S.C. 6295(q))
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Possible Electric Motor Product

Classes for Discussion 

Motor 

Design Frame Horsepower Poles Enclosure Group

12/2010 

Minimum 

Efficiency

NEMA 

Design A & B

U 1-200 2, 4, 6,8

Open 1

EPACT

Closed 2

T 1-500 2, 4, 6, 8

Open 3 EPACT & 

Closed EISA 4

NEMA 

Design C T 1-200 2, 4, 6, 8

Open 5 EPACT

Closed 6

Vertical Solid 

Shaft Normal 

Thrust

All 1-200 2, 4, 6, 8

Open 7 EPACT

Closed 8

Fire Pump All 1-500 2, 4, 6, 8

Open 9 EPACT

Closed 10

• DOE proposes to group motors differently than they are under current 

standards.
Building Technologies Program 35 eere.energy.gov

Considerations for Electric Motor 

Product Classes

• DOE initially believes that the following factors do not provide 

unique utility that affects efficiency, and therefore, does not 

consider them to be class-setting factors:

– Differences between NEMA Design A & B motors

– Whether a motor is a close-coupled pump motor

– Voltage

– Presence of mounting feet

Item 2 DOE welcomes interested party comment on the proposed 

product class-setting criteria outlined for this rulemaking. In 

particular, DOE is interested in feedback regarding the continued 

aggregation of NEMA Design A and Design B motors, the 

disaggregation of NEMA Design C motors from Design A and B 

motors, and the disaggregation of U-Frame motors, T-Frame 

motors, and vertical mount motors. Finally, DOE is also interested in 

its proposal to not use close-coupled pump design as a product 

class setting criterion. 
Building Technologies Program 36 eere.energy.gov

Initial Technology Options for Electric 

Motors

Type of Loss to Reduce Technology Option Applied

I2R Losses

Use copper die-cast rotor cage

Remove skew on conductor cage 

Increase cross-sectional area of rotor conductor bars

Increase end ring size

Increase the amount of copper wire in stator slots

Increase the number and size of stator slots

Decrease the radial air gap

Core Losses

Improve grades of electrical steel

Use thinner steel laminations

Consider fully-processed versus annealed steel laminations

Add stack height (i.e., length, add electrical steel laminations)

Use lamination materials with lower losses

Use plastic bonded iron powder

Friction and Windage Losses

Use bearings and lubricant with lower losses

Install a more efficient cooling system

Stray-load Losses Any technology options to reduce stray-load losses

• DOE identifies technology options to improve efficiency by reducing losses.
Building Technologies Program 37 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comments

Item 3 DOE requests comment on the technology options for 

reducing I2R losses. In particular, DOE understands that the 0.0125” 

small electric motor air gap may be different for electric motors and 

seeks comment on what an appropriate air gap may be for electric 

motors covered by this rulemaking.

Item 4 DOE requests comment on the technology options for 

reducing core losses. In particular, DOE seeks comment on the 

most appropriate steels, both “conventional” and “exotic,” that it 

should consider in its analysis.

Item 5 DOE seeks any information regarding recent developments 

of plastic iron powder technology and comments on whether DOE 

should consider it in its analysis for electric motors.

Item 6 DOE requests comment on the technology options for 

reducing friction and windage losses.

Item 7 DOE welcomes comment on the technology options 

identified in this section. DOE welcomes comment on whether there 

are other technology options that it should also consider.
Building Technologies Program 38 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment
Building Technologies Program 39 eere.energy.gov

Screening Analysis

Impacts on health or safety

Adverse impacts on product or equipment utility or 

availability to consumers

Practicability to manufacture, install, and service

Technological feasibility

Purpose

• Screen out technology options that DOE will not consider in the 

engineering analysis for electric motors.

Approach

• DOE will evaluate each technology option based on the following criteria:

Item 8 DOE welcomes comments on how the above four screening 

criteria might apply to the technology options discussed in the 

market and technology assessment.
Building Technologies Program 40 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Energy Use 

Characterization

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment
Building Technologies Program 41 eere.energy.gov

Goals of the Engineering Analysis

• A key factor in setting the standard is the increased cost of a 

more efficient product.

• The Engineering Analysis determines the relationship between 

cost and efficiency.

Rulemaking Analyses

• Life-Cycle Cost and 

Payback Period

• Manufacturer Impact 

Analysis 

• Employment Impact 

Analysis

Manufacturer Selling Price –

Efficiency Relationship

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Efficiency Level
Building Technologies Program 42 eere.energy.gov

Engineering Analysis Methodology

 Choose product classes to be analyzed in the engineering 

analysis. 

 Define characteristics of models in each representative 

product class, which will serve as reference points to assess 

changes due to more stringent standard levels.

 Identify electric motor models for testing and teardown from a 

database of commercially available electric motors.

 Determine manufacturer production costs and selling prices for 

the different models of electric motors.

 Develop candidate standard levels that span the range of 

electric motor efficiencies.

 Scale results to product classes not analyzed.

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels
Building Technologies Program 43 eere.energy.gov

Choose Representative Product 

Classes

• DOE will choose a subset of product classes called “representative product 

classes” to analyze in the engineering analysis and life-cycle cost analysis. 

• Representative product classes (highlighted below) are generally based on:

• High volume products.

• Ability to scale to other classes.

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels

Motor Design Frame Horsepower Poles Enclosure Group

NEMA Design 

A & B

U 1-200 2, 4, 6,8 Open 1

Closed 2

T 1-500 2, 4, 6, 8 Open 3

Closed 4

NEMA Design 

C T 1-200 2, 4, 6, 8 Open 5

Closed 6

Vertical Solid 

Shaft Normal 

Thrust

All 1-200 2, 4, 6, 8

Open 7

Closed 8

Fire Pump All 1-500 2, 4, 6, 8 Open 9

Closed 10
Building Technologies Program 44 eere.energy.gov

Choose Representative Product 

Classes

• DOE believes that because fire pump motors are a 

specific subset of NEMA Design B motors, analysis of a 

separate representative product class for those motors is 

not needed.

• The cost-efficiency relationship will be the same between 

fire pump and Design B motors, however, a separate 

economic analysis will be performed.

• Because of the low number of operating hours for fire pump 

motors, DOE will complete the economic assessment using 

a reduced operating time.

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels
Building Technologies Program 45 eere.energy.gov

Define Baseline Models

• Define characteristics of models in each representative 

product class that will serve as reference points to 

assess changes due to energy conservation standards.

• Typically, for product classes that have existing 

standards, the baseline model just meets the current 

energy conservation standard.

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels
Building Technologies Program 46 eere.energy.gov

Define Baseline Models

• Possible baseline models include:

• PC Group 2 – Design B, U-Frame, 4-pole, 7.5 hp, Enclosed

• PC Group 4 – Design B, T-Frame, 4-pole, 5 hp, Enclosed

• PC Group 6 – Design C, T-Frame, 4-pole, 40 hp, Enclosed

• PC Group 7 – Design B, Vertical Solid Shaft, 2-pole, 20 hp, 

Open

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels

Motor Design Frame Horsepower Poles Enclosure Group

NEMA Design 

A & B

U 1-200 2, 4, 6,8 Open 1

Closed 2

T 1-500 2, 4, 6, 8 Open 3

Closed 4

NEMA Design 

C T 1-200 2, 4, 6, 8 Open 5

Closed 6

Vertical Solid 

Shaft Normal 

Thrust

All 1-200 2, 4, 6, 8

Open 7

Closed 8

Fire Pump All 1-500 2, 4, 6, 8 Open 9

Closed 10
Building Technologies Program 47 eere.energy.gov

Identify Electric Motor Models

Item 10 DOE welcomes comment on whether it has 

identified the representative product classes 

appropriately. DOE also welcomes comments on the 

appropriate horsepower ratings, pole configurations, 

and motor enclosures to analyze for each of the 

proposed motor designs.

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels
Building Technologies Program 48 eere.energy.gov

Identify Higher Efficiency Electric 

Motor Models

• In identifying higher-than-baseline-efficiency electric 

motors to teardown and test, DOE will begin by utilizing a 

database of commercially-available electric motors.

• Higher efficiency models will be used to create cost vs. 

efficiency curves for each motor group.

• DOE will evaluate all design options that are 

commercially available or present in a working prototype, 

including proprietary designs and technologies.

• Proprietary designs will only be considered if they do not 

present a unique path to a given efficiency level.

Item 14 DOE welcomes comment on whether there are 

proprietary designs it should consider for any of the motor 

designs under consideration in this rulemaking and, if so, 

how DOE should acquire the cost data necessary for 

Scale evaluating these designs. Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels
Building Technologies Program 49 eere.energy.gov

Develop Manufacturer Selling Price

• Calculate manufacturer production cost (MPC) by 

disassembling multiple manufacturer’s electric motors that 

span a range of efficiency levels.

• Bill of materials (BOMs) describe the product in detail, 

including all manufacturing steps required to make and/or 

assemble each part. 

• Apply derived manufacturer markups to the MPCs

• Calculate the manufacturer selling prices (MSPs).

• Construct industry cost-efficiency curves. 

• DOE may supplement the findings from its tests through:

• A review of data collected from manufacturers.

• Interviews with manufacturers about techniques and costs 

used to improve efficiency.

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels
Building Technologies Program 50 eere.energy.gov

Develop Manufacturer Selling Price

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels

Item 12 DOE welcomes comment on the markup 

approach proposed for developing estimates of 

manufacturer selling prices.

Item 13 DOE welcomes comment on the abovedescribed approach to determining the relationship 

between manufacturer selling price and motor efficiency.
Building Technologies Program 51 eere.energy.gov

Develop Candidate Standard Levels

• Develop candidate standard levels (CSLs) that span 

the range of electric motor efficiencies from the 

baseline to the maximum technologically feasible.

• DOE is required to analyze maximum technologically 

feasible (“max-tech”) efficiency levels

– “Max available” may not correspond to “max-tech” if 

some design options are not yet commercially 

available.

– DOE will seek input from interested parties to develop 

a max-tech efficiency and cost.

• DOE may use software modeling to establish maxtech levels.

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels
Building Technologies Program 52 eere.energy.gov

Develop Candidate Standard Levels

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels

Item 9 DOE welcomes input from interested parties on a 

software package that would be appropriate for use in 

developing the max-tech models for each electric motor 

analyzed.

Item 11 For each product class, DOE welcomes 

interested party comment on methods and approaches 

employed to improve the efficiency of the motors, 

including the max-tech model. Detailed information on the 

motor performance and the incremental manufacturing 

costs (e.g., material costs, labor costs, overhead costs 

(excluding depreciation), building conversion capital 

expenditures, tooling/equipment conversion capital 

expenditures associated with more efficient designs, 

research and development (R&D) expenses, and 

marketing expenses) would be useful.
Building Technologies Program 53 eere.energy.gov

Motor Design Frame Horsepower Poles Enclosure Group

NEMA Design 

A & B

U 1-200 2, 4, 6,8 Open Scaled

Closed Representative

T 1-500 2, 4, 6, 8 Open Scaled

Closed Representative

NEMA Design 

C T 1-200 2, 4, 6, 8 Open Scaled

Closed Representative

Vertical Solid 

Shaft Normal 

Thrust

All 1-200 2, 4, 6, 8

Open Representative

Closed Scaled

Fire Pump All 1-500 2, 4, 6, 8 Open Scaled

Closed Scaled

Scale Results

• Scale analyses conducted on representative product 

classes to other product classes.

• Due to the large number of product classes, DOE 

needs to scale across horsepower, poles, and 

enclosure type.

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels
Building Technologies Program 54 eere.energy.gov

Scale Results

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels

y = 18.013x-0.2658

R2 = 0.9817

y = 17.052x-0.2727

R2 = 0.9868

y = 23.364x-0.2809

R2 = 0.9708

1.0

10.0

100.0

1 10 100 1000

1/efficiency - 1

Rated Electric Motor Horsepower

EISA Open Motor 6 pole

EISA Open Motor 4 pole

EISA Open Motor 2 pole

Power (EISA Open Motor 6 

pole)

Power (EISA Open Motor 4 

pole)

Power (EISA Open Motor 2 

pole)

• Motor losses scale with horsepower according to a power law 

equation and can be predicted for different pole configurations.
Building Technologies Program 55 eere.energy.gov

Scale Results

Scale 

Results

Choose 

Representative 

Product Classes

Define Baseline 

Models

Identify

Electric Motor 

Models

Develop

Manufacturer 

Selling Price

Develop

Candidate 

Standard Levels

Item 15 DOE welcomes comment from interested 

parties on the best methodology for scaling from the 

representative product classes to the remaining product 

classes, including the proposed methodology of using a 

power law function and an industry-accepted equation for 

motor losses to model the efficiency relationships 

established by EISA.

Item 16 DOE also welcomes comment from interested 

parties on the best approach for scaling from open 

motors to enclosed motors (or vice versa).
Building Technologies Program 56 eere.energy.gov

Outside Regulatory Changes

• DOE takes into consideration the effects on manufacturers of 

other regulatory changes outside of the standards rulemaking 

process.

Item 17 DOE welcomes comment on whether there are 

outside regulatory changes that DOE should consider in its 

engineering analysis of electric motors.
Building Technologies Program 57 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis Energy Use 

Characterization

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment
Building Technologies Program 58 eere.energy.gov

Energy Use Analysis

Purpose

• Develop annual energy use data for commercial and industrial electric 

motors based on field operating conditions.

Method

• DOE will develop average energy use values by using typical motor 

operating profiles associated to different applications (e.g., 

compressors, fans, pumps). 

• Develop distributions of electric motor operating hours and motor 

loading data. 

• Take into account operating variability by using distribution of 

operating hours and loading characteristics.

• Include power factor effects on local power circuit.
Building Technologies Program 59 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comments

Item 18 DOE seeks to identify and obtain detailed data on the 

typical applications and end-use profiles for the motors 

considered in this rulemaking. If the range of energy use 

determined for each product class is large enough, DOE will 

conduct a sensitivity analysis to determine how high and low 

estimates of energy use might impact the economic feasibility 

of any amended energy conservation standards. DOE 

welcomes recommendations on sources of data that would 

provide end-use operating profiles for each of the product 

classes covered under this rulemaking.

Item 19 DOE welcomes comments on whether the end-use 

operating profiles are different for each of the product classes 

covered under this rulemaking, as well as how the profiles 

might be different.
Building Technologies Program 60 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comments (continued)

Item 20 DOE welcomes comments regarding motor repair 

practices and their impact on motor energy use.

Item 21 DOE welcomes comment on other end-use issues 

that could impact the energy use analysis
Building Technologies Program 61 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis Energy Use 

Characterization

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment
Building Technologies Program 62 eere.energy.gov

Markups for Equipment Price 

Determination

Purpose

• Determine consumer motor prices based on manufacturer costs, both 

for baseline and higher efficiency products.

• Characterize motor distribution channels.

Method

• Identify distribution channels. 

• Estimate the consumer prices by applying markups (consisting of 

distribution channel markups and sales tax) to manufacturer selling 

price estimates. 

• Collect retail price data for validation purposes.
Building Technologies Program 63 eere.energy.gov

Inputs for Markups for Equipment 

Price Determination

• The engineering analysis will develop manufacturer markups. 

• U.S. Census Bureau data

– Manufacturing Industry Series data for calculating original 

equipment manufacturer (OEM) markups

– Business Expenditure Survey for calculating distributor markups.

• RSMean data

– Electrical Cost Data for calculating contractor markups

Manufacturer

Contractor Distributor OEM

End user
Building Technologies Program 64 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comments

Item 22 DOE welcomes comment on the distribution chain for 

electric motors, the key stakeholders in those distribution chains, the 

typical markups applied by those stakeholders, and the overall 

markup from manufacturer selling price to consumer retail price.
Building Technologies Program 65 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis Energy Use 

Characterization

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment
Building Technologies Program 66 eere.energy.gov

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period 

Analysis

Purpose

• Assess the LCC impacts and PBP for the consumers of commercial and 

industrial electric motors under the considered efficiency levels.

Method

• LCC equals first costs plus the sum of annual operating costs 

discounted to a particular base year

• Analysis will model the uncertainty and variability of inputs using Monte 

Carlo approach and probability distributions.

• Analysis will be implemented in MS Excel® spreadsheet combined with 

Crystal Ball.®

First Cost

(Consumer Price +

Installation Cost)

Operating 

Expenses

Combine Changes 

in Costs

LCC Results

Convert to Present Value
Building Technologies Program 67 eere.energy.gov

Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period 

Analysis

Baseline

Manufacturer

Price

Std-Level

Manufacturer

Price

Sales Tax

Installation

Cost

Total Installed

Cost

Energy Prices

 Energy Use

Equipment

Price

Lifetime

Operating

Expense

Annual Energy

Expense

Lifetime

Repair Cost

Discount Rate

Maintenance

Cost

Energy Price

Trends

Annual

Operating

Expense

Payback

Period

Life-Cycle

Cost

Distribution

channel

Markup

From

Engineering

Analysis

(Price is a

function of

Efficiency)

From

Markups for

Equipment

Price

Determination

From Energy

Use Analysis

(Use is a

function of

Efficiency)
Building Technologies Program 68 eere.energy.gov

Energy Prices

• Electricity prices are used to convert energy use to energy costs. 

• DOE will use projections of national average energy prices for 

commercial and industrial customers – from the most recent EIA Annual 

Energy Outlook (AEO) – to forecast future energy prices for the LCC 

analysis.

• DOE also intends to survey reactive power prices, principally using 

data from the EIA

Item 23 DOE welcomes input on the proposed methodology 

for estimating current and future electricity prices.
Building Technologies Program 69 eere.energy.gov

Life-Cycle Cost Discount Rates

• DOE uses the discount rate to determine the present value of lifetime 

operating expenses.

• DOE will derive a distribution of discount rates for the commercial and 

industrial sectors.

– These distributions will be developed by estimating the weighted average 

cost of capital (WACC) for commercial and industrial consumers of electric 

motors.

– WACC includes:

• Financial cost of any debt incurred to purchase products. 

• Opportunity cost of any equity to purchase products.

Item 24 DOE welcomes input on the proposed approaches for 

estimating discount rates for customers of motors covered 

under this rulemaking.
Building Technologies Program 70 eere.energy.gov

Installation, Maintenance, and Repair 

Costs

• DOE will evaluate how installation, maintenance, and repair costs change 

with increased efficiency. Data sources will include: 

– RS Means; 

– Vaughens;

– Manufacturer literature; and,

– Expert consultants.

• Installation costs: DOE is aware that larger, more efficient motors may be 

more difficult and expensive to install in constrained spaces or 

configurations. 

• Repair and Maintenance costs: DOE does not currently have information 

indicating that routine repair and maintenance costs are different for more 

efficient motors.
Building Technologies Program 71 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comments

Item 25 DOE welcomes comment on whether and how to 

develop maintenance, repair, and installation costs for electric 

motors. Specifically, DOE invites comment on how efficiency 

requirements may affect the ability of motor designs to fit in 

constrained spaces and configurations. DOE also invites 

comment on changes in repair practices that may accompany 

more efficient motors.
Building Technologies Program 72 eere.energy.gov

Electric Motors Lifetimes

• DOE will use information from:

– Manufacturer literature, 

– Various literature sources such as technical reports and conference 

proceedings, and 

– Inputs from manufacturers and other interested parties. 

• DOE may consider correlation between motor lifetime, loading, and duty 

factor.

Item 26 DOE welcomes comment on appropriate motor 

lifetimes for the product classes covered in this rulemaking, as 

well as data regarding correlation between motor end-use 

patterns and motor lifetime.
Building Technologies Program 73 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis Energy Use 

Characterization

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment
Building Technologies Program 74 eere.energy.gov

Shipment Analysis

Purpose

• To estimate electric motor shipments in the base case and 

standards cases

Method

• The shipments model will rely on a range of data sources e.g.:

– Manufacturers and industry organizations; 

– National market reports; 

– National energy and motor use surveys; and

– Historical motor sales data from the United States Bureau of 

Census. 
Building Technologies Program 75 eere.energy.gov

Shipments model - Methodology

• Option 1: Accounting methodology

– New Installations: New motors that are installed each year due to 

equipment growth in a particular sector. DOE proposes to determine 

this by using the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) growth 

projections for the commercial and industrial sectors.

– Replacements: Motors that have failed or that are included as a 

component in equipment that fails. DOE bases this calculation on 

equipment sales and retirement rates. 

– Retrofits (early replacements): Motors replacing existing motors 

during renovation and/or repair of equipment. This replacement may 

occur before the original motor has failed.

• Option 2: Model driven by forecasted economic growth

– Similar to what was done in the analysis for small motors: shipment 

forecasts are based on NEMS growth projections for the commercial 

and industrial sectors.
Building Technologies Program 76 eere.energy.gov

Base-Case Shipments Forecast 

Approach

• Provides the basis to compare forecasts for higher efficiency levels 

(standards case)

• Depicts the situation where new or amended standards are not 

adopted.

• Depicts the current and forecasted mix of electric motor 

efficiencies sold in the absence of new regulation.

– DOE will develop projected market shares of products by efficiency 

under the base case. 

– DOE will use data on recent market trends in electric motor efficiency, 

as well as efficiency distributions based on available models and 

information from motor experts, as a proxy.

• Data requirements:

– Historical shipments.

– Breakdown of shipments product class.

– Market share efficiency data 
Building Technologies Program 77 eere.energy.gov

Standards Impacts on Motor 

Shipments

• DOE develops Standards-Case Forecasts from the same data it 

will use to develop the Base-Case Forecast.

• Standards-Case Forecasts may also use purchase price increases 

and operating cost savings to estimate shipments impacts (noninteractive effects).

• DOE is interested in cross-elasticity between different motor 

product classes covered in this rulemaking, and other non-covered 

motor types (interactive effects).

• DOE will also consider impacts from market-pull programs.
Building Technologies Program 78 eere.energy.gov

Request for comment

Item 27 DOE welcomes recommendations on data sources for 

shipments of electric motors by different product classes and longterm trends in electric motor shipments.

Item 28 DOE welcomes comment on the accounting methodology 

described above for each product class covered in this rulemaking. 

DOE especially invites comments regarding the stock of motors in use 

in different applications and motor lifetimes in each application.

Item 29 DOE welcomes comment on how any standard for electric 

motors might impact shipments of these motors, as well as 

interactions between the market for these motors and the market for 

motors using other technologies. DOE also invites information about 

market-pull programs that promote the adoption of more-efficient 

motors.
Building Technologies Program 79 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

Preliminary Analysis

Framework

Document

Preliminary

Analysis NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Screening

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Shipments

Analysis

National

Impact

Analysis

Markups for 

Equipment Price 

Determination

Life-Cycle

Cost and

Payback 

Period Analysis Energy Use 

Characterization

Market & 

Technology 

Assessment
Building Technologies Program 80 eere.energy.gov

National Impact Analysis

Purpose

• To assess the aggregate impacts at the national level of potential 

energy conservation standards for each of the product classes, in 

terms of net present value of total consumer economic impacts 

and national energy savings.

Method

• DOE calculates annual equipment expenditures by multiplying 

the price per unit by forecasted shipments.

• The difference between base- and standards-case scenarios 

gives the national energy bill savings and increased expenditure 

in dollars.

• The difference each year between energy bill savings and 

increased equipment expenditures is the net savings (if positive) 

and net costs (if negative).
Building Technologies Program 81 eere.energy.gov

National Energy Savings Flow 

Diagram

Base Case

Annual Energy

Consumption

2044

Base Case

Annual Energy

Consumption

2017

Base Case

Annual Energy

Consumption

2016

Base Case

Annual Energy

Consumption

2015

Shipments

Analysis StandardsCase Projection

Base-Case 

Projection

Base Case

Annual Energy

Consumption

2044

Base Case

Annual Energy

Consumption

2017

Base Case

Annual Energy

Consumption

2016

Standards Case

Annual Energy

Consumption

2015

Base-Case

Cumulative

Energy Use

Standards-Case 

Cumulative

Energy Use

Site to Source

Energy

Conversion

National Energy

Savings
Building Technologies Program 82 eere.energy.gov

National Consumer Net Present 

Value Flow Diagram

Shipments

Analysis StandardsCase Projection

Energy

Cost

(2015 –

2044)

Base-Case 

Projection

Cumulative

Operating Cost 

Savings

Cumulative

Total Equipment

Cost Increase

Discount 

Rate

Net Present

Value

Rep, Maint,

Cost

(2015 –

2044)

Total Install 

Cost

(2015 –

2044)

Energy

Cost

(2015 –

2044)

Rep, Maint,

Cost

(2015 –

2044)

Total Install

Cost

(2015 –

2044)
Building Technologies Program 83 eere.energy.gov

Calculation of National Energy 

Savings

• DOE intends to calculate national energy consumption for each 

year beginning with the expected compliance date of the 

standards and over a 30 year period.

• DOE will use the DOE National Energy Savings (NES) 

spreadsheet for standard rulemakings.

Item 30 DOE welcomes comment on the NES spreadsheet models it 

proposes to use for estimating national impacts of energy 

conservation standards for electric motors.
Building Technologies Program 84 eere.energy.gov

Scope

NOPR Analyses

Closing Remarks

Public Meeting Agenda

1 Introduction

4

6

7

2 Regulatory History

3 Rulemaking Overview

5 Preliminary Analysis
Building Technologies Program 85 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

NOPR

Framework

Document NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Preliminary

Analysis
Building Technologies Program 86 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

NOPR

Framework

Document NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Preliminary

Analysis
Building Technologies Program 87 eere.energy.gov

Life-Cycle Cost Subgroup Analysis

Purpose

• Analyze the economic impacts of standards on consumers, 

including subgroups who may be disproportionately impacted 

compared with the general user population.

– A subgroup comprises a subset of the population likely to be 

disaffected disproportionately by new or revised energy 

conservation standards (e.g., small businesses).

Method

• Extend the LCC analysis to examine the impacts for defined 

subgroups.

• DOE will use inputs specific to each of the considered consumer 

subgroups.
Building Technologies Program 88 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comment

Item 31 DOE welcomes comment on what, if any, customer 

subgroups are appropriate in considering standards for 

electric motors.
Building Technologies Program 89 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

NOPR

Framework

Document NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Preliminary

Analysis
Building Technologies Program 90 eere.energy.gov

Manufacturer Impact Analysis

Purpose

• Assess the impacts of standards on manufacturers. 

• Identify and estimate impacts on manufacturer subgroups that 

may be more severely impacted than the industry as a whole.

• Examine the impact of cumulative regulatory burden on the 

industry.

Method

• Analyze industry cash flow and net present value through use of 

the Government Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM).

• Interview manufacturers to refine inputs to the GRIM, develop 

subgroup analyses, and address qualitative issues.

Output

• Industry NPV impacts

• Subgroup NPV impacts

• Other impacts
Building Technologies Program 91 eere.energy.gov

MIA Methodology

• The MIA consists of three main phases: 

Industry 

profile

Develop 

straw-man 

GRIM*

Develop 

interview 

guide

Interviews

& 

industrywide / 

subgroup

analyses

Assess direct 

employment, 

competition, 

cumulative 

burden

Phase 2 Phase 3

Preliminary 

MIA 

Interviews

Phase 1

Preliminary 

Analysis

NOPR

Item 32 DOE welcomes comment on key issues related to the 

manufacturing impact analysis.
Building Technologies Program 92 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

NOPR

Framework

Document NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Preliminary

Analysis
Building Technologies Program 93 eere.energy.gov

Utility Impact Analysis

Purpose

• Assess the overall impacts on domestic energy supplies that 

would result from the imposition of standards. 

• The Department proposes to use National Energy Modeling 

System (NEMS)-Building Technologies (BT) developed and used 

by DOE/EIA for the AEO report, as the basis of the Utility Impact 

Analysis.

• DOE will model the energy savings impacts from amended 

energy conservation standards using NEMS-BT to generate 

forecasts that deviate from the AEO reference case.

• Outputs of the utility impact analysis include forecasts of 

electricity generation, and avoided capacity resulting from a 

comparison of base and standards cases.

Method
Building Technologies Program 94 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comments

Item 33 DOE welcomes input from stakeholders on its proposed use of 

NEMS-BT to conduct the utility impact analysis. 
Building Technologies Program 95 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

NOPR

Framework

Document NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Preliminary

Analysis
Building Technologies Program 96 eere.energy.gov

Employment Impact Analysis

Purpose

• Assess the overall impact on national employment from the imposition 

of energy conservation standards at differing levels.

• Include both direct and indirect employment impacts.

– Direct employment impacts are estimated in the manufacturer impact 

analysis.

– Indirect employment impacts result from shifting consumer expenditures 

among goods and services ( “substitution effect”) and changing equipment 

and energy costs (“income effect”).

Method

• DOE intends to use the Impact of Sector Energy Technologies (ImSET) 

model for the evaluation of indirect employment impacts. (Note: ImSET

is an update of IMBUILD.)

Item 34 DOE welcomes feedback on its proposed approach to 

assessing national employment impacts, both direct and indirect.
Building Technologies Program 97 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

NOPR

Framework

Document NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Preliminary

Analysis
Building Technologies Program 98 eere.energy.gov

Environmental Assessment

Purpose

• To report environmental impacts resulting from amended energy 

conservation standards, including changes in power plant 

emissions. 

Method

• DOE intends to use the environmental impacts predicted from the 

NEMS-BT modeling analysis used for the Utility Impacts Analysis. 

– Carbon dioxide (CO2) will be the primary emissions reported.

– Mercury (Hg) emissions will also be reported.

– Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions will be reported for the 22 states 

where emissions are not capped.

– Existing legislation cap Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), so physical emission 

reductions will be zero or nearly zero from any single energy 

conservation standard. 
Building Technologies Program 99 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comment

Item 35 DOE seeks input on its plan to use NEMS-BT to conduct the 

environmental assessment for the products covered by this rulemaking.
Building Technologies Program 100 eere.energy.gov

Monetization of Emission Reductions

• DOE intends to use the most current Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) 

values developed by interagency reviews.

– SCC is intended to be a monetary measure of the incremental damage 

resulting from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including but not 

limited to agricultural productivity loss, human health effects, property 

damage from rising sea level, and changes in the ecosystem.

• At present, the most recent interagency estimates of the potential 

global benefits resulting from reduced CO2 emissions in 2010 are 

$4.7, $21.4, $35.1, and $64.9 per metric ton in 2007 dollars. 

– For emission reductions that occur in later years, these values grow in 

real terms over time.

• DOE will also estimate the potential monetary benefit of reduced 

NOx emissions resulting from the considered standard levels.
Building Technologies Program 101 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comment

Item 36 DOE requests comments on the approach it plans to 

use for estimating monetary values associated with emissions 

reductions, or any widely-accepted values that could be used 

in DOE’s analyses. 
Building Technologies Program 102 eere.energy.gov

Steps in the Standards Rulemaking: 

NOPR

Framework

Document NOPR Final

Rule

Effective

Date

Manufacturer

Impact 

Analysis

Utility

Impact 

Analysis

Employment

Impact

Analysis

Life-Cycle 

Cost 

Subgroup 

Analysis

Revise 

Preliminary 

Analysis

Environmental 

Assessment

Regulatory

Impact 

Analysis

Engineering

Analysis

Life-Cycle

Cost &

Payback 

Period

Analyses

National

Impact

Analysis

Preliminary

Analysis
Building Technologies Program 103 eere.energy.gov

Regulatory Impact Analysis

Purpose

• To investigate the national impacts of non-regulatory alternatives 

compared with mandatory energy conservation standards.

• The non-regulatory alternatives that may be considered include: 

– Consumer rebates; 

– Consumer tax credits; 

– Manufacturer tax credits; 

– Voluntary efficiency targets; 

– Early replacement; and

– Bulk government procurement.

Method

• Modify NES spreadsheet model to consider non-regulatory scenarios.

• Estimate impacts of non-regulatory scenarios based on experience with 

the considered policies.

• Output will include National Energy Savings and Net Present Value of 

the non-regulatory alternatives.
Building Technologies Program 104 eere.energy.gov

Request for Comment

Item 37 DOE invites comments on the ability of voluntary 

initiatives or other non-regulatory efforts by manufacturers to 

achieve significant energy savings and reasonable costs.
Building Technologies Program 105 eere.energy.gov

Scope

NOPR Analyses

Closing Remarks

Public Meeting Agenda

1 Introduction

4

6

7

2 Regulatory History

3 Rulemaking Overview

5 Preliminary Analysis
Building Technologies Program 106 eere.energy.gov

How to Submit Written Comments

• In all correspondence, please refer to the Electric Motors rulemaking by:

– Electric Motors Rulemaking,

– Docket Number EERE–2010–BT–STD–0027, and

– Regulatory Identification Number (RIN) 1904-AC28

• Email: ElecMotors-2010-STD-0027@ee.doe.gov

• Comment period closes: October 28, 2010

Postal: Courier:

Ms. Brenda Edwards

U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program, Mailstop EE-2J

1000 Independence Avenue, SW

Washington, DC 20585-0121

Ms. Brenda Edwards

U.S. Department of Energy

Building Technologies Program, Suite 600

950 L’Enfant Plaza, SW

Washington, DC 20024

Tel: 202 586-2945
Building Technologies Program 107 eere.energy.gov

Relevant URLs

• DOE Appliance Standards

– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/

• Electric Motors Rule

– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/e

lectric_motors.html

 Electric Motors Test Procedure

– http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/e

lectric_motors.html