NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-121

Habitat Use and Requirements

of Important Fish Species

Inhabiting

the Hudson River Estuary:

Availability of Information

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Marine Fisheries Service

Northeast Region

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

Woods Hole, Massachusetts

September 1999
Recent Issues

105. Review of American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Habitat Requirements and Responses to Contaminant Exposures.

By Renee Mercaldo-Allen and Catherine A. Kuropat. July 1994. v + 52 p., 29 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB96-115555.

106. Selected Living Resources, Habitat Conditions, and Human Perturbations of the Gulf of Maine: Environmental and

Ecological Considerations for Fishery Management. By Richard W. Langton, John B. Pearce, and Jon A. Gibson, eds.

August 1994. iv + 70 p., 2 figs., 6 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB95-270906.

107. Invertebrate Neoplasia: Initiation and Promotion Mechanisms -- Proceedings of an International Workshop, 23 June

1992, Washington, D.C. By A. Rosenfield, F.G. Kern, and B.J. Keller, comps. & eds. September 1994. v + 31 p., 8 figs.,

3 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB96-164801.

108. Status of Fishery Resources off the Northeastern United States for 1994. By Conservation and Utilization Division,

Northeast Fisheries Science Center. January 1995. iv + 140 p., 71 figs., 75 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB95-263414.

109. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Potential for Development of Aquaculture in Massachusetts: 15-17 February

1995, Chatham/Edgartown/Dartmouth, Massachusetts. By Carlos A. Castro and Scott J. Soares, comps. & eds. January

1996. v + 26 p., 1 fig., 2 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB97-103782.

110. Length-Length and Length-Weight Relationships for 13 Shark Species from the Western North Atlantic. By Nancy E.

Kohler, John G. Casey, Patricia A. Turner. May 1996. iv + 22 p., 4 figs., 15 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB97-135032.

111. Review and Evaluation of the 1994 Experimental Fishery in Closed Area II on Georges Bank. By Patricia A. Gerrior,

Fredric M. Serchuk, Kathleen C. Mays, John F. Kenney, and Peter D. Colosi. October 1996. v + 52 p., 24 figs., 20 tables. NTIS

Access. No. PB98-119159.

112. Data Description and Statistical Summary of the 1983-92 Cost-Earnings Data Base for Northeast U.S. Commercial

Fishing Vessels: A Guide to Understanding and Use of the Data Base. By Amy B. Gautam and Andrew W. Kitts. December

1996. v + 21 p., 11 figs., 14 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB97-169320.

113. Individual Vessel Behavior in the Northeast Otter Trawl Fleet during 1982-92. By Barbara Pollard Rountree. August

1997. v + 50 p., 1 fig., 40 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB99-169997.

114. U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Stock Assessments -- 1996. By Gordon T. Waring, Debra L. Palka,

Keith D. Mullin, James H.W. Hain, Larry J. Hansen, and Kathryn D. Bisack. October 1997. viii + 250 p., 42 figs., 47 tables.

NTIS Access. No. PB98-112345.

115. Status of Fishery Resources off the Northeastern United States for 1998. By Stephen H. Clark, ed. September 1998. vi

+ 149 p., 70 figs., 80 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB99-129694.

116. U.S. Atlantic Marine Mammal Stock Assessments -- 1998. By Gordon T. Waring, Debra L. Palka, Phillip J. Clapham,

Steven Swartz, Marjorie C. Rossman, Timothy V.N. Cole, Kathryn D. Bisack, and Larry J. Hansen. February 1999. vii + 182

p., 16 figs., 56 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB99-134140.

117. Review of Distribution of the Long-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean.

By Alan A. Abend and Tim D. Smith. April 1999. vi + 22 p., 14 figs., 3 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB99-165029.

118. Tautog (Tautoga onitis) Life History and Habitat Requirements. By Frank W. Steimle and Patricia A. Shaheen. May 1999.

vi + 23 p., 1 fig., 1 table. NTIS Access. No. PB99-165011.

119. Data Needs for Economic Analysis of Fishery Management Regulations. By Andrew W. Kitts and Scott R. Steinback.

August 1999. iv + 48 p., 10 figs., 22 tables. NTIS Access. No. PB99-171456.

120. Marine Mammal Research Program of the Northeast Fisheries Science Center during 1990-95. By Janeen M. Quintal

and Tim D. Smith. September 1999. v + 28 p., 4 tables, 4 app. NTIS Access. No. PB2000-100809.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

William M. Daley, Secretary

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

D. James Baker, Administrator

National Marine Fisheries Service

Penelope D. Dalton, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries

Northeast Region

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

Woods Hole, Massachusetts

September 1999

Habitat Use and Requirements

of Important Fish Species

Inhabiting the Hudson River Estuary:

Availability of Information

Anne W. Everly1,2 and John Boreman1,3

This series represents a secondary level of scientifiic publishing. All issues employ

thorough internal scientific review; some issues employ external scientific review.

Reviews are -- by design -- transparent collegial reviews, not anonymous peer reviews.

All issues may be cited in formal scientific communications.

NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-121

1

UMass/NOAA Cooperative Marine Education and Research Prog., P.O. Box 30820, Amherst, MA 01003-0820

2

Current Address: New England Aquarium, Central Wharf, Boston, MA 02110-3399

3

Current Address: National Marine Fisheries Serv., 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA 02543-1026
Editorial Notes

Species Names: The NEFSC Editorial Office’s policy on the use of species names in all technical communications is

generally to follow the American Fisheries Society’s lists of scientific and common names for fishes (i.e., Robins et al.

1991a), mollusks (i.e., Turgeon et al. 1998b), and decapod crustaceans (i.e., Williams et al. 1989c), and to follow the

Society for Marine Mammalogy's guidance on scientific and common names for marine mammals (i.e., Rice 1998d

).

Exceptions to this policy occur when there are subsequent compelling revisions in the classifications of species, resulting

in changes in the names of species (e.g., Cooper and Chapleau 1998e, McEachran and Dunn 1998f).

Statistical Terms: The NEFSC Editorial Office’s policy on the use of statistical terms in all technical communications

is generally to follow the International Standards Organization’s handbook of statistical methods (i.e., ISO 1981g

).

Internet Availability: This issue of the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE series is being copublished, i.e., as

both a paper and Web document. The Web document, which will be in HTML (and thus searchable) and PDF formats,

can be accessed at: http://www.nefsc.nmfs.gov/nefsc/publications/.

a

Robins, C.R. (chair); Bailey, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N.; Scott, W.B. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes

from the United States and Canada. 5th ed. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 20; 183 p.

b

Turgeon, D.D. (chair); Quinn, J.F., Jr.; Bogan, A.E.; Coan, E.V.; Hochberg, F.G.; Lyons, W.G.; Mikkelsen, P.M.; Neves, R.J.; Roper, C.F.E.;

Rosenberg, G.; Roth, B.; Scheltema, A.; Thompson, F.G.; Vecchione, M.; Williams, J.D. 1998. Common and scientific names of aquatic

invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. 2nd ed. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 26; 526 p.

c

Williams, A.B. (chair); Abele, L.G.; Felder, D.L.; Hobbs, H.H., Jr.; Manning, R.B.; McLaughlin, P.A.; Pérez Farfante, I. 1989. Common and

scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: decapod crustaceans. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 17; 77 p.

d

Rice, D.W. 1998. Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution. Soc. Mar. Mammal. Spec. Publ. 4; 231 p.

e

Cooper, J.A.; Chapleau, F. 1998. Monophyly and interrelationships of the family Pleuronectidae (Pleuronectiformes), with a revised classification.

Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 96:686-726.

f

McEachran, J.D.; Dunn, K.A. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes:

Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290.

g

ISO [International Organization for Standardization]. 1981. ISO standards handbook 3: statistical methods. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO;

449 p.
Page iii

Contents

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Methods ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

Results ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Conclusions and Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................... 5

Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................................................. 7

References Cited .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

Figures

Figure 1. Geographical, geomorphological, and salinity characteristics of the Hudson River estuary ......................... 1

Figure 2. Sampling regions used by the Hudson River utility companies for their ichthyoplankton survey

programs ........................................................................................................................................................ 2

Tables

Table 1. Fish species selected for assessing the availability of information on habitat use and preference

in the Hudson River estuary .......................................................................................................................... 3

Table 2. Evaluation of the relative availability of published information on the life history distributions of 11

fish species inhabiting the Hudson River estuary, based on the publications listed in Appendix D ............ 4

Table 3. Evaluation of the relative availability of published information on the habitat requirements of 11 fish

species inhabiting the Hudson River estuary, based on the publications listed in Appendix D ................... 5

Appendices

Appendix A. Life history synopses for selected fish species inhabiting the Hudson River estuary ................................ 11

Appendix B. List of agencies, organizations, and individuals contacted to determine the extent of unpublished

information related to habitat use by the selected fish species inhabiting the Hudson River estuary ........ 21

Appendix C. User’s guide to the database ....................................................................................................................... 27

Appendix D. List of published and unpublished works containing information that may be relevant to habitat

requirements and use by the selected fish species inhabiting the Hudson River estuary ........................... 31

Acronyms

GIS = geographical information system

NEFSC = Northeast Fisheries Science Center

SUNY = State University of New York

TL = total length

Page v

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The objective of our project was to determine the extent and availability of information that is adequate for:

1) assessing basic habitat requirements of selected fishery resources of the Hudson River estuary; 2) relating

those requirements to habitat availability in that estuary; and 3) developing priorities for projects that will enhance,

restore, or maintain productivity of those resources. We used a three-step process to determine if sufficient

information is available on habitat requirements of selected fish species. First, we selected 11 fish species that

are considered important and representative of the fish community in the Hudson River estuary. Second, we

examined alternative definitions of habitat and selected one for evaluating the role of habitat in the life history

strategies of the 11 species. Third, we assessed the availability of information necessary to evaluate habitat

requirements and use in the Hudson River estuary for each of the 11 species.

We assembled a list of close to 1,000 publications up to 1995 containing information that may be relevant

to habitat requirements and use by the selected fish species inhabiting the Hudson River estuary, then sorted those

publications by species and life stage. To determine the amount of information that would likely be available for

a full-scale study of habitat use by the 11 selected species, we made two evaluations of the collected publications:

1) the availability of published information on site-specific distribution within the Hudson River estuary of each

life stage (i.e., spawning, egg, larva, juvenile, subadult, and adult) for each selected species; and 2) the availability

of published information on habitat requirements of each life stage for each selected species. We evaluated

the two types of information separately because evaluations of habitat requirements and use usually begin by

locating the organisms within the water body, then determining why they are there; locational information is usually

much easier to obtain, as was apparent in our study.

We conclude that the available information is insufficient to conduct a full-scale, detailed study of the

importance of Hudson River habitats to the selected fish species. Although our evaluation of the available

information suggests that little would be gained from a full-scale study, we do not recommend total abandonment

of the project; our review of the literature revealed a wealth of information on a number of areas related to the

natural history of the Hudson River estuary and the alteration of the estuary through human activities.

We suggest that the next step towards identifying important habitats for Hudson River fishes would be to

begin assembling the data on life stage distributions and habitats of the Hudson River estuary into a geographicbased information system (GIS). By using GIS, gaps in the information base will become more clear, and

priorities for collection of additional information will become more evident. Because of the immensity of this task,

no single governmental or nongovernmental organization should be expected to undertake such a project for the

Hudson watershed singlehandedly -- a cooperative effort among federal, state, and local agencies is needed

where all parties contribute and all parties benefit.

Page 1

INTRODUCTION

Since 1963, the Hudson River estuary has been the

focus of one of the most ambitious environmental research

and assessment programs ever performed (Barnthouse et

al. 1988), and nowhere has the conflict between society

and the environment been so intense (Smith 1988). The

estuary supports major commercial and recreational

fisheries, serves as a major transportation corridor, and is

surrounded by one of the most densely populated

metropolitan areas in North America (Figure 1). In spite of

efforts by government agencies and nongovernment

organizations to protect the fishery resources of the river,

threats -- including sediment-laden contaminants, municipal and industrial water withdrawals and discharges,

channel dredging, and nonpoint-source runoff -- continue

in this estuarine habitat.

habitat requirements for fishery resources of the Hudson

River estuary is not as straightforward as it may seem. In

some instances, the habitat requirements of a prey species

may be the important factor in productivity of a fishery

resource; for example, productivity of bluefish may depend

on the abundance of bay anchovy in the estuary.

Furthermore, the amount of available habitat may be limited

more by the abundance of competitor species than by the

spatial scale of the habitat itself. Thus, determining

linkages between habitat characteristics and fishery

resource productivity requires an appreciation for, and

understanding of, the complexities of interactions among

members of the fish community, specifically among

predators, competitors, and prey during all life stages

present in the system.

By 1981, an estimated $40-50 million had been spent

on basic fisheries research in the Hudson River (Smith

1988), and $3-4 million has been spent per year since then

on research and monitoring by the Hudson River utilities

and the Hudson River Foundation. Because of these

enormous expenditures, a dogma exists within the

environmental community that sufficient data now exist for

informed management of the Hudson River resources and

their habitats. This is simply not the case, as evidenced in

recent criticism of the draft environmental impact statement

prepared by the Hudson River utilities (ESSA Technologies, Ltd., and Deriso 1994).

Much of the information gathered on Hudson River

fishes has been specifically for evaluating impacts of

power plant operations (see Barnthouse et al. 1984).

Habitat-related studies in the Hudson River estuary have

been chiefly site-specific or species-specific, such as the

work being performed by the State University of New York

(SUNY) at Stony Brook on the effects of cadmiumcontaminated sediments on the aquatic fauna at Foundry

Cove (Knutson et al. 1987), or by the Institute for

Ecosystem Studies on the invasion and subsequent

distribution of zebra mussels in the upper estuary (Strayer

et al. 1994). No program has been undertaken to define

habitat use and habitat requirements of Hudson River

fishes on an estuary-wide basis; this is a fundamental void

that needs to be filled for development of remedial actions

and restoration plans for habitats.

The objective of our project was to determine the

extent and availability of information that is adequate for:

1) assessing basic habitat requirements of selected fishery

resources of the Hudson River estuary; 2) relating those

requirements to habitat availability in that estuary; and 3)

developing priorities for projects that will enhance, restore,

or maintain productivity of those resources.

METHODS

Two approaches could be used, either independently

or jointly, as first-order approximations to understand the

linkage between habitat requirements and the well-being of

Figure 1. Geographical, geomorphological, and salinity characteristics of the Hudson River estuary. (From Haley (1999).)

Before major programs are initiated to protect,

enhance, and restore the fishery resources of the Hudson

River estuary through habitat improvements, an understanding is needed of the relationship between habitat

characteristics of the estuary and basic habitat requirements of the fishery resources, as recommended in the

“Habitat Research Plan of the National Marine Fisheries

Service” (Thayer et al. 1996). Information used to gain that

understanding also needs to be in a form that is useful in

determining: 1) the types of habitat restoration projects

that are feasible, and 2) the short-term and long-term

benefits of these projects. However, establishing baseline
Page 2

fishery resources. One approach would be to determine the

minimum habitat requirements necessary to support

selected fishery resources, and then to map areas where

any one or a combination of these factors would exclude

use by the selected resources. A tool to accomplish this

task would be a geographic-based information system

(GIS). A second approach would be to determine the

historical extent of habitat use in the estuary by selected

fishery resources, compare to the current extent, and

determine what factors might be causing any differences.

Both approaches are data hungry, requiring an extensive

amount of information from field collections and controlled

laboratory experiments. The extent to which the data exist

and are available will determine success of either approach

in assessing habitat requirements and, ultimately, in setting

priorities for habitat restoration projects in the estuary.

We used a three-step process to determine if

sufficient information is available on habitat requirements

of selected fish species. First, we selected 11 fish species

that are considered important and representative of the fish

community in the Hudson River estuary. Second, we

examined alternative definitions of habitat and selected one

for evaluating the role of habitat in the life history

strategies of those 11 species. Third, we assessed the

availability of information necessary to evaluate habitat

requirements and use in the Hudson River estuary for each

of the 11 species.

SELECTION OF SPECIES

The Hudson River estuary extends for 243 km from

the Battery on Manhattan Island north to the Troy Dam

(Cooper et al. 1988), and is tidal over its entire length, with

the greatest tidal amplitudes occurring at both ends. The

magnitude of tidal flow within the estuary is 10-100 times

greater than the freshwater inflows, causing a reversal in

the current pattern twice each day (Busby 1966, cited in

Cooper et al. 1988). The estuary is generally considered

freshwater (<0.3‰) above river kilometer (Rkm) 80 to 100,

which may extend to Rkm 40 during high inflow periods

(spring and fall). The oligohaline zone (0.3-5‰) extends

from Rkm 80 to 40, but may reach Rkm 19, and the

mesohaline zone (5-18‰) generally occurs from Rkm 45

into New York Harbor (Cooper et al. 1988; Haley 1999).

A total of 140 species of fish have been collected

within the Hudson River estuary, a listing of which by river

region can be found in Beebe and Savidge (1988, Table 6).

Of the 140 species, 50 have been found in all three salinity

zones of the estuary, and two species have been found

only in the polyhaline zone (Yonkers and Tappan Zee

sampling regions, Figure 2). The 140 fish species also

embody a variety of life history strategies, which can

largely be described by four patterns: anadromous

(spawning and nursery areas in freshwater, oligohaline,

and/or mesohaline zones of the Hudson River estuary,

most of adult life in the marine environment); freshwateroligohaline nonmigratory (entire life cycle in freshwater

and/or oligohaline zones); euryhaline nonmigratory

(entire life cycle within the Hudson River, but across all

salinity zones); and oceanic/coastal spawners (spawning

in highest salinity zone of the Hudson River estuary and

surrounding coastal waters, early life stages enter lower

salinity zones of the estuary). Anadromous can be further

subdivided into the group of species that spawns in the

tributaries -- if not also the river proper -- of the Hudson

River estuary, and the group that spawns exclusively in the

river proper. We chose 11 fish species that represent the

four life history strategies (Table 1), and that are also

important to the Hudson River estuary economically or

ecologically. Synopses of the life histories of the 11

selected species are presented in Appendix A.

Figure 2. Sampling regions used by the Hudson River utility companies for their ichthyoplankton survey programs. (From

Boreman and Klauda (1988).)
Page 3

HABITAT DEFINITION

The term “habitat” needs to be defined before

assessing the availability of information related to habitat

use by important fish species inhabiting the Hudson River

estuary. We thoroughly reviewed definitions of habitat

that have appeared in the literature (Odum 1971; Partridge

1978; Pimm and Rosenzweig 1981; Rosenzweig 1981, 1991;

Van Horne 1983; Boesch and Turner 1984; Rosenzweig and

Abramsky 1985; Bell and Westoby 1986; Brown and

Rosenzweig 1986; Bell et al. 1987; CBLRFT 1987; Morris

1987a,b; McIvor and Odum 1988; Govoni et al. 1989;

Sogard and Able 1991; Peters and Cross 1992; Hoss and

Thayer 1993; Able and Kaiser 1994). We subsequently

settled on one that seems to be most appropriate for

Hudson River estuary fishes: Habitat is that part of the

environment required for the survival (i.e., survival to

successful reproduction) of individuals of a species,

consisting of biological and nonbiological parameters

which differ among species, as well as among life stages

within a species, and which are affected either seasonally

or change as a result of other environmental factors.

ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION AVAILABILITY

Given our working definition of habitat, we assembled

information that might be used to determine the importance

of habitats in the Hudson River estuary to the 11 selected

fish species. We surveyed the published and unpublished

(gray) literature (“publications”) available through agencies and organizations involved with research on Hudson

River resources. We also contacted a number of

investigators and organizations that might possess

unpublished information, such as databases and specimen

collections, that also might be relevant (Appendix B).

We used a software package for database retrieval

called FileMaker Pro Unlimited® (available in Windows

and MacIntosh versions from FileMaker, Inc., 5201 Patrick

Henry Dr., P.O. Box 58168, Santa Clara, CA 95054-8168) to

organize the publications in a manner that allowed us to

search those publications. The publications could be

searched by the following: author, year, title, report type,

publisher, geography, fish species, and/or keyword(s).

This database is available for public access and use. See

Appendix C (“Users Guide to the Database”) of this report

for the several formats of the database which have been

prepared for public access and use.

RESULTS

We assembled a list of close to 1,000 publications

containing information that may be relevant to habitat

requirements and use by the selected fish species

inhabiting the Hudson River estuary (Appendix D), then

sorted those publications by species and life stage.

Approximately 120 of the publications are available from us

in hard copy. Unpublished materials are also available

through personal, agency, and nongovernmental organization contacts. (See the “Remarks” column in Appendix B.)

To determine the amount of information that would

likely be available for a full-scale study of habitat use by the

11 selected species, we made two evaluations of the

collected publications: 1) the availability of published

information on site-specific distribution within the Hudson

Table 1. Fish species selected for assessing the availability of information on habitat use and preference in the Hudson River estuary

Life History Strategy Species

Anadromous:

Tributary spawners Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)

Blueback herring (A. aestivalis)

River spawners Striped bass (Morone saxatilis)

American shad (A. sapidissima)

Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus)

Freshwater-oligohaline nonmigratory Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Euryhaline nonmigratory Shortnose sturgeon (A. brevirostrum)

Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod)

White perch (Morone americana)

Oceanic/coastal spawners Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix)

Bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli)
Page 4

River estuary of each life stage (i.e., spawning, egg, larva,

juvenile, subadult, adult) for each selected species (Table

2); and 2) the availability of published information on

habitat requirements of each life stage for each selected

species (Table 3). Habitat requirements information

includes tolerances and preferences for environmental

parameters (salinity, temperature, turbidity, depth, vegetation, bottom type, etc.) and trophic inter-relationships. We

evaluated the two types of information separately because

evaluations of habitat requirements usually begin by

locating the organisms within the water body, then

determining why they are there; locational information is

usually much easier to obtain, as was apparent in our

study. For each life stage of each species, we noted

whether information on distribution or habitat requirements is: 1) available for the Hudson River population (A in

Tables 2 and 3); 2) available for the Hudson River

population, but limited either geographically or temporally

(Al); 3) not available for the Hudson River population, but

available for a population of the species in a neighboring

system (N); 4) unavailable, but attainable within 3 yr

assuming adequate funding (Ua); 5) unavailable and would

not be attainable within 3 yr even if funding were adequate

(Uu); or 6) inapplicable because the life stage is not present

in the Hudson River estuary (X). The evaluations

contained in Tables 2 and 3 are based on our judgments;

others may draw different conclusions after reviewing the

publications contained in the database.

The most complete information on distribution of the

11 selected species in the Hudson River estuary is for the

planktonic life stages (egg and larva) of alewife, American

shad, Atlantic tomcod, blueback herring, and striped bass.

This result is not surprising, since all 11 selected species,

except the largemouth bass, have been targeted for

collection in the riverwide surveys conducted by the utility

companies as part of their impact assessment programs.

Although the utilities’ surveys covered the entire estuary

over a number of years, the spatial resolution of the data is

limited to the 12 regions designated by the survey design

(Figure 2). Their surveys also varied in coverage of depth

zones.

The distribution of spawners, eggs, and larvae of the

largemouth bass has been well documented in a special

study of the species conducted by David Green and his

coworkers (e.g., see Nack and Cook 1987; Hopkins and

Green 1988; Green et al. 1988, 1989; Nack et al. 1993).

Information on the distributions of other life stages of

largemouth bass and on Hudson River populations of the

Table 2. Evaluation of the relative availability of published information on the life stage distributions of 11 fish species inhabiting the

Hudson River estuary, based on the publications listed in Appendix D. (Key: A = information available for Hudson River population;

Al = information available for Hudson River population, but limited; N = information available from neighboring system; Ua =

information unavailable, but attainable within 3 yr; Uu = information unavailable and unattainable within 3 yr; and X = not applicable

for Hudson River population.)

 Life History Stage

Species Spawning Egg Larva Juvenile Subadult Adult

Alewife Al,N A A Al X Al,N

American shad Al,N A A Al X Al,N

Atlantic sturgeon Al Ua Ua Al X Al

Atlantic tomcod Al,N A A A Al Al,N

Bay anchovy Al,N Al,N Al,N Al,N Al Al,N

Blueback herring Al,N A A Al X Al,N

Bluefish X X X Al Al Al

Largemouth bass A A A Ua Ua Al?

Shortnose sturgeon Al,N Ua Ua Al Al,N Al,N

Striped bass A A A Al Al Al

White perch Al Al A Al Al Al
Page 5

other species is also generally available, although limited

geographically or temporally.

Information on habitat requirements for the 11

selected species is much more limited than information on

their distributions. For striped bass, white perch, bay

anchovy, and American shad, substantial information

exists on habitat requirements in neighboring systems,

primarily Chesapeake Bay, that may be transferrable to the

Hudson River estuary. Transferring habitat requirements

information among estuarine systems, however, may not

withstand the scrutiny of litigation. Generally, information

on habitat requirements is unavailable for most species, but

attainable within the short-term (3 yr or so) if sufficient

funding is available to test the species’ preference or

tolerance for key habitat variables. The variables may

include, depending on the species and life stage, water

temperature, salinity, conductivity, sediment type, vegetation or other shelter, and turbidity. We are assuming that

the individual life stages need to be tested under controlled

conditions, and recognize that techniques for rearing and

maintaining the fish for purposes of experimentation have

not yet been developed for all life stages.

CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on our assembly of close to 1,000 publications,

and on our contacts with a number of individuals, agencies,

and nongovernmental organizations involved with collection of information on Hudson River fishes, we conclude

that the available information is insufficient to conduct a

full-scale, detailed study of the importance of Hudson

River habitats to the selected fish species. If a full-scale

study proceeds, the following findings are likely:

1. Distributions will be available for the egg through

juvenile life stages of most of the 11 species, but the

spatial resolution of the distributions will not be

adequate for evaluating use of specific areas within

the estuary.

2. Few studies have been conducted on the distributions of subadult and adult life stages within and

adjacent to the estuary, in and out of spawning

season. The distributions will have to be based on

Table 3. Evaluation of the relative availability of published information on the life stage habitat requirements of 11 fish species inhabiting

the Hudson River estuary, based on the publications listed in Appendix D. (Key: A = information available for Hudson River

population; Al = information available for Hudson River population, but limited; N = information available from neighboring system;

Ua = information unavailable, but attainable within 3 yr; Uu = information unavailable and unattainable within 3 yr; and X = not

applicable for Hudson River population.)

 Life History Stage

Species Spawning Egg Larva Juvenile Subadult Adult

Alewife Ua,N Ua Ua Ua X Ua

American shad Ua,N Ua,N Ua,N Ua,N X Ua,N

Atlantic sturgeon Ua Ua Ua Ua X Ua

Atlantic tomcod Ua Al Al Al Ua Al

Bay anchovy Ua,N Ua,N Ua,N Ua,N Ua,N Ua,N

Blueback herring Ua,N Ua Ua Ua X Ua

Bluefish X X X Al Ua Ua

Largemouth bass Al Al Al Al Ua Al

Shortnose sturgeon Ua Ua Ua Ua Ua Ua

Striped bass NNNNNN

White perch Al,N N N N Ua,N Ua,N
Page 6

anecdotal information from recreational and commercial harvesters, and on results of studies presently

being planned or conducted on striped bass,

American shad, the sturgeons, and bay anchovy.

3. Specific habitat requirements related to key environmental variables will be largely unknown for the

Hudson River populations of the 11 species. Studies

in other systems (Chesapeake Bay, Delaware River,

and Connecticut River) may provide some information, but transferability of the information from the

neighboring systems to the Hudson River estuary

will be suspect. Efforts should be made to compare

extant data among these systems to determine

transferability.

4. Tributaries to the Hudson River estuary probably

serve a more important role in the life history of the

eleven fish species than previously thought.

5. Most life stages of the eleven fish species are

probably not associated with a specific habitat, such

as cobble bottom or mussel bed, but are at the mercy

of freshwater discharge and tidally-driven circulation

in the estuary. For planktonic life stages, such as

eggs and larvae of striped bass, salinity, temperature

patterns, and turbidity may be more important to

survival than substrate or vegetation.

Although our evaluation of the available information

suggests that little would be gained from a full-scale study,

we do not recommend total abandonment of the project.

Our review of the literature revealed a wealth of information

on a number of areas related to the natural history of the

Hudson River estuary and on the alteration of the estuary

through human activities; some of the information has

already been synthesized in literature reviews and atlases.

However, such syntheses have limited utility. Experience

has shown that the efforts of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service and NOAA related to coastal wetlands mapping

and estuarine inventories do not meet needs when

attempts are made to use their information on a site-by-site

basis, which is where both agencies expend most of their

resource-advising efforts. This concern is especially

critical as federal and state agencies move towards

ecosystem-level management of aquatic and terrestrial

systems.

We suggest that the next step towards identifying

important habitats for Hudson River fishes would be to

begin assembling data on life stage distributions and

habitats of the Hudson River estuary into a GIS. By using

GIS, gaps in the information base will become more clear,

and priorities for collection of additional information will

become more evident. The GIS approach retains flexibility

in its use and analysis, addresses the needs of ecosystemlevel management, and takes advantage of new and

developing technologies as recommended in the “Habitat

Research Plan of the National Marine Fisheries Service”

(Thayer et al. 1996). Giles and Nielsen (1992) give examples

of how GIS can be used in watershed research and

management:

• bibliographic references to site-specific conditions

and ecological phenomena

• standard reports, texts, and tables for various reports

and purposes

• ongoing research and development projects

• factual information (such as that provided by the

Fish and Wildlife Information System)

• numerical datasets (e.g., daily precipitation)

• models (statistical, mathematical)

• records of materials collections (plants, fish, wildlife,

soil, water, etc.)

• map databases that link all of the above

For a system as large and complex as the Hudson

River estuary, both in terms of its physical attributes and

the resource management system that oversees it, more

than the current piecemeal approach to identifying

resource distributions and habitat use is necessary. A GIS

for the Hudson River estuary should contain the following

dataset layers at a minimum:

• fish, wildlife, and plant distributions and abundances

• harvesting profiles (location, type, and density of

effort, catch, and access)

• water body characteristics (depth and current

profiles, physical and chemical features, wetted

perimeter, locations and types of blockages, and

hydrologic features)

• sources and fates of environmental contaminants

• sediment characteristics and substrate types for the

main channel and its tributaries

• town zoning plans and bylaws

• density distribution of human population

• locations of parks, open space, and other recreational

areas

• daily records of the amount and chemical composition of precipitation

• snow accumulation and chemical composition

• climatic information such as temperature, photoperiod, cloud cover, and barometric pressure

• upland characteristics such as soil and bedrock

types and properties, slope, and land-use cover

Because of the immensity of this task, no single

governmental or nongovernmental organization should be

expected to undertake such a project for the Hudson

watershed single-handedly -- a cooperative effort among

federal, state, and local agencies is needed where all parties

contribute and all parties benefit.

Concurrent with development of the GIS database, we

recommend initiation of studies on life stages of the

selected fish species that would be expected to associate
Page 7

with key habitat variables such as bottom type, vegetation,

structures, circulation patterns (eddies, plumes, etc.), and

geomorphological characteristics (wetlands, tributaries,

etc.). Information generated from these studies would be

immediately useful in planning habitat restoration programs. We recommend placing initial focus of the studies

on the juvenile, post-planktonic life stages of the 11

selected species, examining the importance of shore zones,

shelter created by vegetation or structure, and tributaries

and their outfalls. We speculate that it is the juvenile life

stage that is probably the least tolerant of habitat alteration

and loss in the Hudson River estuary.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank all of the people listed in Appendix B for

helping us locate information pertaining to the fish

resources of the Hudson River. In particular, we thank

Hayes Batten, Nancy Steinberg, Karl von Kries, John

Waldman, and Robert Schmidt for their assistance and

advice during the course of this study. Useful comments

on an earlier draft were provided by John Waldman,

Gordon Thayer, and Tom Halavik. This study was

supported, in part, under a contract with the National

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and with funds

provided by the Hudson River Foundation.

REFERENCES CITED

Able, K.W.; Kaiser, S.C. 1994. Synthesis of summer flounder

habitat parameters. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Anal. Ser. 1; 68 p.

Bain, M.B.; Boreman, J.; Nack, S.; Haley, N. 1995. Techniques

for evaluating the population status of Atlantic sturgeon.

Proposal to: New York Sea Grant Institute, Albany, NY; 27

p.

Barnthouse, L.W.; Boreman, J.; Christensen, S.W.; Goodyear,

C.P.; Van Winkle, W.; Vaughan, D.S. 1984. Population

biology in the courtroom: the Hudson River controversy.

BioScience 34(1):14-19.

Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda, R.J.; Vaughan, D.S. 1988. Introduction to the monograph. In: Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda,

R.J.; Vaughan, D.S.; Kendall, R.L., eds. Science, law, and

Hudson River power plants: a case study in environmental impact assessment. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:1-8.

Beebe, C.A.; Savidge I.R. 1988. Historical perspective on fish

species composition and distribution in the Hudson River

estuary. In: Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda, R.J.; Vaughan,

D.S.; Kendall, R.L., eds. Science, law, and Hudson River

power plants: a case study in environmental impact assessment. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:25-35.

Bell, J.D.; Westoby, M. 1986. Variations in seagrass height

and density over a wide spatial scale: effects on fish and

decapods. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 104:275-295.

Bell, J.D.; Westoby, M.; Steefe, A.S. 1987. Fish settling in

seagrass: do they discriminate between beds of different

leaf density? J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 111:133-144.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Fishes of the Gulf of

Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 53; 577 p.

Boesch, D.F.; Turner, R.E. 1984. Dependence of fishery species on salt marshes: the role of food and refuge. Estuaries 7:460-468.

Boreman, J. 1981. Life histories of seven fish species that

inhabit the Hudson River estuary. Northeast Fish. Sci.

Cent. Ref. Doc. 81-34; 97 p.

Boreman, J.; Fletcher, R.I. 1993. Modelling egg deposition

patterns. Bull. Hudson River Monit. Program Tech. Work.

Group 1(1):1-8.

Boreman, J.; Klauda, R.J. 1988. Distributions of early life stages

of striped bass in the Hudson River estuary, 1974-1979.

In: Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda, R.J.; Vaughan, D.S.; Kendall,

R.L., eds. Science, law, and Hudson River power plants: a

case study in environmental impact assessment. Am. Fish.

Soc. Monogr. 4:53-58.

Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research. 1977. An atlas

of the biological resources of the Hudson River estuary.

Yonkers, NY: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Estuarine Study Group.

Boyle, R.H. 1968. Notes on the fishes of the lower Hudson

River. Underwater Nat. 5(2):32-33,40.

Breder, C.M., Jr.; Rosen, D.E. 1966. Modes of reproduction in

fishes. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press; 941 p.

Brown, J.S.; Rosenzweig, M.L. 1986. Habitat selection in slowly

regenerating environments. J. Theor. Biol. 123:151-171.

Busby, W. 1966. Flow, quality, and salinity in the Hudson

River estuary. In: Hudson River ecology. Albany, NY:

Hudson River Valley Commission of New York; p. 135-

145.

Carlson, D.M. 1992. Importance of wintering refugia to the

largemouth bass fishery in the Hudson River estuary. J.

Freshwater Ecol. 7:173-180.

CBLRTF [Chesapeake Bay Living Resources Task Force]. 1987.

Habitat requirements for Chesapeake Bay living resources.

Annapolis, MD: Chesapeake Bay Program; 63 p.

Cooper, J.C.; Cantelmo, F.R.; Newton, C.E. 1988. Overview of

the Hudson River estuary. In: Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda,

R.J.; Vaughan, D.S.; Kendall, R.L., eds. Science, law, and

Hudson River power plants: a case study in environmental impact assessment. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:11-24.

Dadswell, M.J.; Taubert, B.D.; Squires, T.S.; Marchette, D.;

Buckley, J. 1984. Synopsis of biological data on shortnose

sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur 1818. NOAA

Tech. Rep. NMFS 14; 45 p.

Dew, C.B. 1995. The nonrandom size distribution and sizeselective transport of age-0 Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus
Page 8

tomcod) in the lower Hudson River estuary. Can. J. Fish.

Aquat. Sci. 52:2353-2366.

Dew, C.B.; Hecht, J.H. 1994. Hatching, estuarine transport,

and distribution of larval and early juvenile Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod, in the Hudson River. Estuaries

17:472-488.

Dovel, W.L. 1981. Ichthyoplankton of the lower Hudson estuary. N.Y. Fish Game J. 28:21-39.

Englert, T.L.; Sugarman, D. 1988. Patterns of movement of

striped bass and white perch larvae in the Hudson River

estuary. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the

Hudson River. Albany, NY: State University of New York

Press; p. 148-169.

ESSA Technologies, Ltd.; Deriso, R.B. 1994. A critical review

of the SPDES Draft Environmental Impact Statement.

Report to: New York State Department of Environmental

Conservation, Albany, NY; 70 p.

Giles, R.H., Jr.; Nielsen, L.A. 1992. The uses of geographic

information systems. In: Stroud, R.H., ed. Fisheries management and watershed development. Am. Fish. Soc.

Symp. 13:81-94.

Govoni, J.J.; Hoss, D.E.; Colby, D.R. 1989. The spatial distribution of larval fishes about the Mississippi plume.

Limnol. Oceanogr. 34:178-187.

Green, D.M.; Nack, S.B.; Bunnell, D.; Forney, J.L. 1989. Identification of black bass spawning and nursery habitats in

the Hudson River estuary. Final report to: Hudson River

Foundation, New York, NY; 52 p.

Green, D.M.; Nack, S.B.; Forney, J.L. 1988. Identification of

black bass spawning and nursery habitats in the Hudson

River estuary. Final report to: Hudson River Foundation,

New York, NY; 49 p.

Haley, N.J. 1999. Habitat characteristics and resource use

patterns of sympatric sturgeons in the Hudson River estuary. [M.S. thesis]. Amherst, MA: Univ. of Massachusetts; 124 p.

Hardy, J.D. 1978. Morone americana (Gmelin), white perch.

U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS-OBS-78/12(3):71-85.

Hildebrand, S.F. 1963. Family Clupeidae. In: Fishes of the

western North Atlantic. Part 3. Soft-rayed bony fishes.

Sears Found. Mar. Res. Mem. 1:257-385,397-442,452-454.

New Haven, CT: Sears Foundation for Marine Research,

Yale Univ.

Hildebrand, S.F.; Schroeder, W.C. 1928. Fishes of Chesapeake

Bay. Bull. U.S. Bur. Fish. 43(pt.1); 366 p.

Hoff, T.B.; Klauda, R.J.; Young, J.R. 1988. Contribution to the

biology of shortnose sturgeon in the Hudson River. In:

Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 171-

189.

Hopkins, D.; Green, D.M. 1988. Evaluation of potential sources

of recruitment of largemouth bass to the Hudson River.

Section VIII in: Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1988.

New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 26 p.

Hoss, D.E.; Thayer, G.W. 1993. The importance of habitat to

the early life history of estuarine dependent fishes. In:

Fuiman, L.A. Water quality and the early life stages of

fishes. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 14:147-158.

Kendall, A.W., Jr.; Walford, L.A. 1979. Sources and distribution of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, larvae and juveniles off the East Coast of the United States. Fish. Bull.

(Wash., D.C.) 77:213-227.

Klauda, R.J.; Fischer, S.A; Hall, L.W., Jr.; Sullivan, J.A. 1991.

Alewife and blueback herring. In: Funderburk, S.L.;

Mihursky; J.A.; Jordan, S.J.; Riley, D., eds. Habitat requirements for Chesapeake Bay living resources. Annapolis, MD: Chesapeake Bay Program Living Resources

Subcommittee.

Klauda, R.J.; McLaren, J.B.; Schmidt, R.E.; Dey, W.P. 1988.

Life history of the white perch in the Hudson River. In:

Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda, R.J.; Vaughan, D.S.; Kendall,

R.L., eds. Science, law, and Hudson River power plants: a

case study in environmental impact assessment. Am. Fish.

Soc. Monogr. 4:69-88.

Klauda, R.J.; Moos, R.E.; Schmidt, R.E. 1988. Life history of

the Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod, in the Hudson

River estuary, with emphasis on spatio-temporal distribution and movements. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River. Albany, NY: State University

of New York Press; p. 219-251.

Knutson, A.B.; Klerks, P.L.; Levinton, J.S. 1987. The fate of

metal contaminated sediments in Foundry Cove, New York.

Environ. Pollut. 45:291-304.

Leim, A.H.; Scott, W.B. 1966. Fishes of the Atlantic coast of

Canada. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 155; 483 p.

Lippson, A.J.; Moran, R.L. 1974. Manual for identification of

early developmental stages of fishes of the Potomac estuary. Md. Dept. Nat. Resour. Power Plant Siting Program

Rep. PPSP-MP-13; 282 p.

Loesch, J.G. 1968. A contribution to the life history of Alosa

aestivalis. [M.S. thesis]. Storrs, CT: Univ. of Connecticut;

31 p.

Loesch, J.G. 1969. A study of the blueback herring, Alosa

aestivalis (Mitchill) in Connecticut waters. [Ph.D. dissertation]. Storrs, CT: Univ. of Connecticut; 78 p.

Marks, R.E.; Conover, D.O. 1993. Ontogenic shift in the diet of

young-of-the-year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) during the oceanic phase of the early life history. Fish. Bull.

(Wash., D.C.): 91:97-106.

McFadden, J.T.; Texas Instruments; Lawler, Matusky & Skelly

Engineers. 1978. Influence of the proposed Cornwall

pumped storage project and steam electric generating

plants on the Hudson River estuary, with emphasis on

striped bass and other fish populations. Revised. Report

to: Consolidated Edison Company of New York, New York,

NY; p. 7.1-7.227.

McIvor, C.C.; Odum, W.E. 1988. Food, predation risk, and

microhabitat selection in a marsh fish assemblage. Ecology 69:1341-1351.
Page 9

McLaren, J.B.; Cooper, J.C.; Hoff, T.B.; Lander, V. 1981. Movements of Hudson River striped bass. Trans. Am. Fish.

Soc. 110:158-167.

McLaren, J.B.; Peck, T.H.; Dey, W.P.; Gardinier, M. 1988. Biology of the Atlantic tomcod in the Hudson River estuary.

In: Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda, R.J.; Vaughn, D.S.; Kendall,

R.L., eds. Science, law, and Hudson River power plants: a

case study in environmental impact assessment. Am. Fish.

Soc. Monogr. 4:102-112.

Miller, K.D.; Kramer, R.H. 1971. Spawning and early life history of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Lake

Powell. In: Hall, G.E., ed. Reservoir fisheries and limnology. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 8:78-83.

Morris, D.W. 1987a. Ecological scale and habitat use. Ecology 68:362-369.

Morris, D.W. 1987b. Tests of density-dependent habitat selection in a patchy environment. Ecol. Monogr. 57:269-

281.

Nack, S.B.; Bunnell, D.; Green, D.M.; Forney, J.L. 1993. Spawning and nursery habitats of largemouth bass in the tidal

Hudson River. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 122:208-216.

Nack, S.B.; Cook, W. 1987. Characterization of spawning and

nursery habitats of largemouth bass (Micropterus

salmoides) in the Stockport component of the Hudson

River National Estuarine Research Reserve. Section IV

in: Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the

Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1988. New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation; 24 p.

Norden, C.R. 1967. Age, growth, and fecundity of the alewife,

Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), in Lake Michigan. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 96:387-393.

Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of ecology. Philadelphia, PA:

W.B. Saunders; 544 p.

Partridge, L. 1978. Habitat selection. In: Krebs, J.R.; Davies,

N.B., eds. Behavioural ecology: an evolutionary approach.

Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates; p. 351-376.

Peters, D.S.; Cross, F.A. 1992. What is coastal fish habitat?

In: Stroud, R.H., ed. Stemming the tide of coastal fish

habitat loss: proceedings of the Symposium on Conservation of Coastal Fish Habitat, Baltimore, Md. Mar.

Recreat. Fish. 14:17-22. Available from: National Coalition for Marine Conservation, Savannah, GA.

Pimm, S.L.; Rosenzweig, M.L. 1981. Competitors and habitat

use. Oikos 37:1-6.

Richards, S.W. 1959. Pelagic fish eggs and larvae of Long

Island Sound. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. Yale Univ.

17:95-124.

Rosenzweig, M.L. 1981. A theory of habitat selection. Ecology 62:327-335.

Rosenzweig, M.L. 1991. Habitat selection and population

interactions: the search for mechanism. Am. Nat. 137:S5-

S28.

Rosenzweig, M.L.; Abramsky, Z. 1985. Detecting densitydependent habitat selection. Am. Nat. 126:405-417.

Ross, R.M.; Backman, T.W.H.; Bennett, R.M. 1993. Evaluation of habitat suitability index models for riverine life

stages of American shad, with proposed models for premigratory juveniles. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 14; 26

p.

Sargent, W.; Boreman, J. 1984. Bluefish: biology and management along the Atlantic coast. Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent.

Target. Info. 1984 Apr. 25; 6 p.

Schmidt, R.E.; Klauda, R.J.; Bartels, J.M. 1988. Distributions

and movements of the early life stages of three species of

Alosa in the Hudson River, with comments on mechanisms to reduce interspecific competition. In: Smith, C.L.,

ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River. Albany, NY:

State University of New York Press; p. 193-215.

Schmidt, R.E.; Limburg, K.; Stillman, T. 1994. An estimate of

the significance of tributary spawning of alewife (Alosa

pseudoharengus) to the Hudson River estuary. In:

Schmidt, R.E.; Stillman, T., eds. Drift of early life stages of

fishes in Stockport Creek and significance of the phenomenon to the Hudson River estuary. New York, NY: Hudson

River Foundation; p.23-35.

Schmidt, R.E.; Stillman, T. 1994. Larval fish export from

Stockport Creek, a major tributary of the Hudson River

estuary. In: Schmidt, R.E.; Stillman, T., eds. Drift of early

life stages of fishes in Stockport Creek and significance of

the phenomenon to the Hudson River estuary. New York,

NY: Hudson River Foundation; p.3-22.

Scott, W.B.; Crossman, E.J. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada.

Fish. Res. Board. Can. Bull. 184; 980 p.

Smith, C.L. 1988. Introduction. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries

research in the Hudson River. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 1-4.

Smith, T.I.J.; Collins, M.R.; Kennedy, E. 1993. Identification of

critical habitat requirements of shortnose sturgeon in

South Carolina. Final report. Washington, DC: U.S. Fish

and Wildlife Serv.; 102 p.

Sogard, S.M.; Able, K.W. 1991. A comparison of eelgrass, sea

lettuce, macroalgae, and marsh creeks as habitats for

epibenthic fishes and decapods. Estuarine Coastal Shelf

Sci. 33:501-519.

Stevenson, R.A., Jr. 1958. A biology of the anchovies, Anchoa

mitchilli mitchilli Cuvier and Valenciennes 1848 and

Anchoa hepsetus hepsetus Linnaeus 1758. [M.S. thesis].

Newark, DE: Univ. of Delaware; 56 p.

Strayer, D.L.; Hunter, D.C.; Smith, L.C.; Borg, C.K. 1994. Distribution, abundance, and roles of freshwater clams (Bivalvia,

Unionidae) in the freshwater tidal Hudson River. Freshwater Biol. 31:239-248.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1976a. Hudson River ecological study

in the area of Indian Point: thermal effects report. Report

to: Consolidated Edison Company of New York, New York,

NY.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1976b. Predation by bluefish in the

Hudson River. Report to: Consolidated Edison Company

of New York, New York, NY; 23 p.

Thayer, G.W.; Thomas, J.P.; Koski, K.V. 1996. The habitat

research plan of the National Marine Fisheries Service.

Fisheries (Bethesda) 21(3):6-10.

Van Horne, B. 1983. Density as a misleading indicator of

habitat quality. J. Wildl. Manage. 47:893-901.
Page 10

Von Geldern, C.E., Jr. 1971. Abundance and distribution of

fingerling largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, as

determined by electrofishing at Lake Nacimiento, California. Calif. Fish Game 57:228-245.

Woodhead, P.M.J. 1991. The fish community of New York

Harbor: spatial and temporal distributions of major species. In: Proceedings of the Conference on the Impacts of

New York Harbor Development on Aquatic Resources,

1987. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; p. 103-

122.

Woodhead, P.M.J.; Rohlf, F.J.; O’Hare, M.A. 1992. The structure of the fish community and distribution of major species in the lower Hudson estuary and New York Harbor.

Final report to: Hudson River Foundation, New York, NY;

178 p.
Page 11

APPENDIX A

Life History Synopses for Selected Fish Species Inhabiting the Hudson River Estuary

Understanding habitat requirements of the selected

fish species in the Hudson River estuary requires an

understanding of the distribution and environmental

limitations for each life stage found in the estuary. A

synopsis of the life history of each selected species reveals

that a variety of habitats and regions of the Hudson River

estuary are utilized; it also reveals some disagreement in

the literature, as well as a general lack of information on

specific habitat requirements for all life stages. Included in

this appendix are 11 complementary figures (Figures A1-

A11) for the 11 selected species which schematically

present spatial distribution by life stage. References cited

in this appendix are listed in the “References Cited” section

of this document.

ATLANTIC STURGEON

The Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus, is an

anadromous species of the Hudson River. The following

account of life history is summarized from Bain et al. (1995).

Adult Atlantic sturgeon live along the Atlantic coastline

for approximately 10 yr before migrating into coastal rivers.

Males enter the Hudson River in early April, before the

females. Atlantic sturgeon do not spawn annually, with 2-

5 yr between spawning events. Spawning occurs well

upstream from the salt front; larvae are known to be

intolerant of euryhaline environments.

Eggs are demersal and adhesive. The larvae remain

close to the river bottom for some time. Juveniles are fairly

evenly distributed in the Hudson River during summer,

with their highest concentration between Kingston and

Haverstraw Bay (Rkm 140 and 63, respectively). After

summer, when water temperatures fall below 20°C,

juveniles are found in high numbers between the Bear

Mountain Bridge and the George Washington Bridge (Rkm

74 and 19, respectively). This tighter distribution is

thought to represent an overwintering area for juvenile

Atlantic sturgeon. Juveniles move back upstream in early

spring, and do not migrate out of the Hudson River until 2-

6 yr of age. Adults spend approximately 10 yr at sea before

maturation and subsequent inland migration. Males and

females mature at different ages, approximately 12 and 15 yr

of age, respectively.

SHORTNOSE STURGEON

The shortnose sturgeon, A. brevirostrum, is

considered to be a nonmigratory, euryhaline fish. In the

Hudson and other large rivers, adult shortnose sturgeon

overwinter in deep polyhaline water downstream from the

spawning grounds to which they will travel in the following

spring when water temperatures reach 8-9°C (Dadswell et

al. 1984). In the Hudson River, spawning occurs in April

and May between Coxsackie and Troy (Dadswell et al.

1984; Hoff et al. 1988). Detailed information on spawning

habitat is available for shortnose sturgeon of the Savannah

River, South Carolina (Smith et al. 1993), which may or may

not apply to those of the Hudson River. Adults are

thought to move downstream in May and June, after

spawning (Hoff et al. 1988).

Eggs of the shortnose sturgeon are demersal and

adhesive (Dadswell et al. 1984). Larvae and juveniles are

probably benthic, remaining in deep water where currents

are strong (Dadswell et al. 1984; Hoff et al. 1988). As a

result, little is known about the early life stages. In

addition, identification of young specimens (eggs, larvae,

and juveniles) is extremely difficult because of overall

similarity to young Atlantic sturgeon (Hoff et al. 1988).

Some workers (i.e., Hoff et al. 1988) believe that the larvae

disperse downstream during summer, whereas others (i.e.,

Dadswell et al. 1984) believe that young shortnose

sturgeon remain above the salt front until they reach 45 cm

total length (TL). Upon attaining adult size (45-50 cm TL),

shortnose sturgeon move downriver in fall, and back

upriver in spring (Dadswell et al. 1984).

Sexual maturation is thought to be at 3-4 yr of age for

males, and probably 6-8 yr of age for females, in the Hudson

River (Dadswell et al. 1984). The age of maturation for

females is based on age at first spawning. It is unknown

how frequently shortnose sturgeon in the Hudson River

spawn; in Canada, females spawn every 3 yr, and males

every other year (Dadswell et al. 1984).

ALEWIFE

The alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, is an anadromous species of the Hudson River (Schmidt and Stillman

1994). Adult alewife spend most of the year in coastal

Atlantic waters, migrating into the Hudson River (and other

estuaries) to spawn. Alewife probably return to their natal

river to spawn (Klauda et al. 1991). Alewife usually enter

the Hudson River in early spring, prior to mid-May

(Schmidt et al. 1988).

Spawning usually occurs in freshwater tributaries, in

relatively shallow water with a slow current (Schmidt et al.

1988); in fact, the alewife is the only anadromous fish

species commonly found in freshwater tributaries of the

Hudson River (Schmidt and Stillman 1994). Eggs and larvae

are not morphologically distinguishable from those of

blueback herring (A. aestivalis), and for this reason, the

two species are typically referred to as “river herring”
Page 12

(Dovel 1981; Schmidt et al. 1994). The role of blueback

herring in tributaries is still unclear; however, because

adult alewife are frequently sampled from freshwater

tributaries during the spawning season, it has been

assumed that most, if not all, of the eggs and larvae found

in the freshwater tributaries are alewife (Schmidt et al.

1994). This contradicts earlier findings in which alewife

eggs and larvae were presumed to be present in the main

river channel (Boreman 1981). In addition to the differences

in spawning location, larvae and eggs can also be

distinguished by their temporal distribution, because

alewife spawn about a month earlier than blueback herring

(Hildebrand and Schroeder 1928; Schmidt et al. 1988).

Eggs are essentially pelagic, somewhat adhesive, and

demersal in still water (Hildebrand 1963; Norden 1967;

Lippson and Moran 1974; Klauda et al. 1991). In the

Chesapeake Bay area, alewife larvae and juveniles may

move further upstream to avoid intrusion of saltwater

(Klauda et al. 1991). Larvae and juveniles remain in the

freshwater tributaries of the Hudson River until June. At

this time, juvenile alewife move out of the nursery areas of

the tributaries and make their way downstream to the lower

Hudson River and into the Atlantic Ocean (Schmidt et al.

1988), although capture of yearlings suggests some may

overwinter in the estuary during the first year of life.

Alewife feed primarily on amphipods, mysids,

copepods, small fish, and fish eggs (Leim and Scott 1966).

BLUEBACK HERRING

The blueback herring, A. aestivalis, is an anadromous

fish of the Hudson River (Klauda et al. 1991). Adults

remain in coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean and migrate

upriver to spawn, as do alewife. Blueback herring usually

spawn later in the spring than alewife, and in different

habitat (Schmidt et al. 1988). Blueback herring prefer to

spawn in relatively deep freshwater with swift currents on

hard substrates of either gravel or sand (Schmidt et al.

1988; Klauda et al. 1991). It has been noted that this habitat

preference is mainly seen in northern populations where

blueback herring are sympatric with alewife, and,

conversely, southeastern blueback herring spawn in lentic

as well as lotic water (Klauda et al. 1991). It has been

observed that blueback herring do not move as far

upstream in tributaries as alewife (Loesch 1968, 1969), and

recent studies in the Hudson River suggest that blueback

herring spawn mainly in the main channel of the estuary,

whereas alewife spawn more in tributaries (Schmidt et al.

1994). The single peak, seen in late May, in the temporal

distribution of “river herring” eggs in the main channel

(Boreman 1981) may therefore represent eggs of blueback

herring.

Eggs of the blueback herring are pelagic, somewhat

adhesive, and demersal in still water (Hildebrand 1963;

Norden 1967; Lippson and Moran 1974; Klauda et al. 1991).

“River herring” larvae found in the main channel of the

Hudson River estuary are thought to be blueback herring;

larvae probably remain in nearshore habitat (Schmidt et al.

1994). Juveniles move downriver in July, later than alewife

(Boreman 1981; Schmidt et al. 1988).

Food of blueback herring consists mainly of

plankton, copepods, pelagic shrimp, and early life stages of

small fishes (Scott and Crossman 1973).

AMERICAN SHAD

The American shad, A. sapidissima, is a highly

migratory species of the Hudson River, and is often cited as

a classic example of an anadromous fish. Adults move into

the Hudson River from Atlantic waters in early spring,

usually beginning in March or April (Boreman 1981),

depending on the water temperature of the river, which

must be 12°C or above before the shad begin their run

(Bigelow and Schroeder 1953). Adult American shad do

not eat when running or spawning, and will not do so until

they begin the postspawning downriver migration to the

Atlantic, eating along the way (Bigelow and Schroeder

1953). Spawning occurs mainly at night (Bigelow and

Schroeder 1953; Ross et al. 1993), in shallow freshwater of

moderate current (Schmidt et al. 1988), and on various

substrates (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953).

Eggs are demersal and nonadhesive (Bigelow and

Schroeder 1953), and hatch after 2-17 days, depending on

water temperature (Boreman 1981). Bigelow and Schroeder

(1953) report that eggs raised in water at 12°C hatch

between 12 and 15 days. Eggs are found in the spawning

areas (Boreman 1981), and are not associated with any

particular habitat type (Ross et al. 1993). In a 1974 study,

egg abundance peaked in May (Boreman 1981); yolksac

larval abundance has also been reported to peak in May

(Schmidt et al. 1988). Yolksac larvae absorb their yolk in 4-

5 days in water at 17°C (Boreman 1981). Larvae are reported

to frequent riffle pools where water is of moderate depth

and variable velocity and direction (Ross et al. 1993). Both

feeding and yolksac larvae are planktonic; dispersal

therefore occurs by passive transport (Boreman 1981;

Schmidt et al. 1988). Juveniles are found downriver from

the spawning grounds (Boreman 1981) beginning in June,

with peak abundance in July (Schmidt et al. 1988). Juvenile

habitat preference in the Hudson River seems to be

positively correlated with depth, turbidity, and current

velocity, possibly as an effect of food distribution (Ross et

al. 1993). Most juveniles complete their migration from

freshwater into the Atlantic by late fall or early winter

(Bigelow and Schroeder 1953; Boreman 1981; Schmidt et al.

1988).

Adult American shad overwinter in the deep water of

the Atlantic and Gulf of Maine (Boreman 1981). They move

closer to their natal river in the spring, due to their strong

homing ability (Boreman 1981). Adult American shad are
Page 13

euryhaline, but only enter freshwater to spawn (Bigelow

and Schroeder 1953).

ATLANTIC TOMCOD

The Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod, is a

euryhaline fish of the Hudson River estuary. It is not

considered to be migratory per se, but does show

significant, seasonal, upriver/downriver movement within

the estuary. Spawning of Atlantic tomcod takes place

under ice, mainly from December to January (Bigelow and

Schroeder 1953; Boreman 1981; Klauda, Moos, and

Schmidt 1988; McLaren et al. 1988; Dew and Hecht 1994).

The winter spawning occurs upriver mainly in fresh and

possibly in brackish water (Boreman 1981; Klauda, Moos,

and Schmidt 1988; Dew and Hecht 1994).

Eggs are demersal (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953;

Boreman 1981; Klauda, Moos, and Schmidt 1988). The

state of adhesion or nonadhesion of eggs is unknown, due

to the difficulty of winter collection; conflicting opinions

range from nonadhesive (Boreman 1981), to probably

adhesive (Klauda, Moos, and Schmidt 1988), to adhesive

(Bigelow and Schroeder 1953). Hatching occurs in

freshwater (Dew and Hecht 1994) after 24-60 days in

February and March (Klauda, Moos, and Schmidt 1988;

Dew and Hecht 1994). Yolksac larvae reach peak

abundance in mid-March, and post-yolksac larvae reach

peak abundance in mid-April (Klauda, Moos, and Schmidt

1988). The yolksac larval period is approximately 4 wk, and

the feeding larval period is approximately 6 wk (Boreman

1981). Larvae disperse downriver to Rkm 19-53 by mid-May

(Klauda, Moos, and Schmidt 1988). The lower Hudson

River is considered to be a nursery area for young Atlantic

tomcod (McLaren et al. 1988). Juveniles are thought to

peak in mid-May, mainly in the Tappan Zee and Yonkers

regions (Klauda, Moos, and Schmidt 1988), although earlier

reports show that juveniles did not appear until early

August (Boreman 1981). They move upriver in mid-spring

(Dew 1995), possibly to remain in brackish water as the salt

front moves upriver (Klauda, Moos, and Schmidt 1988).

In the Hudson River, males and females both sexually

mature between 11 and 12 mo, during their first fall

(Boreman 1981; Klauda, Moos, and Schmidt 1988; McLaren

et al. 1988). Adult Atlantic tomcod therefore spawn in their

first year. Atlantic tomcod are not thought to move out of

the Hudson River estuary during their life span, although

they are found frequently in mouths of estuaries when not

spawning (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953).

BAY ANCHOVY

The bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, is a coastal

species which enters the lower Hudson River in April as

adults (Woodhead et al. 1992). Adults are present in the

lower estuary in high numbers in the summer, and are

absent from the estuary in the winter (Woodhead et al.

1992). Egg collections suggest spawning occurs in the

lowest regions of the Hudson River and probably out into

coastal waters (Boreman 1981). Spawning is typically in

water less than 20 m deep (Richards 1959); spawning

activity in the lower Hudson River occurs from early June

to mid-August and perhaps beyond, as suggested by a

study of anchovy spawning in nearby Long Island Sound

(Richards 1959). Since the minimum age at maturity is 2.5

mo at a size between 30 and 40 mm (Stevenson 1958), it is

likely that bay anchovies spawn in their first year of life.

Eggs are pelagic (Klauda et al. 1991) and hatch in

about 24 hr; yolksacs are absorbed in another 24 hr

(Boreman 1981). Anchovy eggs have been collected in the

Hudson River estuary up to Rkm 88 (Boreman 1981). The

distribution of young anchovy shifts upriver as development progresses through summer. Post-yolksac larvae

metamorphose in August and September (Woodhead et al.

1992). Juveniles in Chesapeake Bay prefer freshwater

habitats (Klauda et al. 1991); this may also be the case for

juveniles in the Hudson River as suggested by the upriver

shift in distribution mentioned earlier. In the Hudson River,

juvenile anchovy emigrate to sea in the fall; few remain in

the estuary after November (Woodhead 1991).

Although no tagging studies have been conducted

on Hudson River bay anchovy, studies elsewhere suggest

that oceanic movements are limited to inshore-offshore

migrations (Hildebrand 1963). Bay anchovy feed on detrital

material and small planktonic animals in the Hudson River

estuary (Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research

1977).

BLUEFISH

Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) are ocean spawners;

larval and early juvenile development also occurs offshore.

Bluefish first appear in estuaries as juveniles and, in the

Northeast, usually arrive in the lower Hudson in late

summer and fall (Boyle 1968). The distribution of larvae

offshore is fairly well studied (Kendall and Walford 1979),

but that of early juveniles is less known. Very little

information is available on habitat requirements, food

habits, or multispecies interactions in the oceanic phase.

Juvenile bluefish generally appear in nearshore coastal

waters in two waves, one in spring and another in summer,

suggesting two spawning periods or a protracted

spawning season offshore (Sargent and Boreman 1984).

In estuaries, juvenile bluefish are piscivorous,

feeding on a wide variety of prey items (Marks and

Conover 1993). Juvenile bluefish in the Hudson River feed

on bay anchovy, white perch, American shad, river herring,

and striped bass (Texas Instruments 1976b; Juanes et al.

1993).
Page 14

LARGEMOUTH BASS

The largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, is a

freshwater-oligohaline, nonmigratory species inhabiting

the Hudson River. When preparing to spawn, adult

largemouth bass select appropriate sites in which to

construct nests and to fertilize and deposit eggs. In the

Hudson River, spawning and nesting habitat typically

consists of protected coves and bays, and almost never

exposed shoreline (Nack et al. 1993). Miller and Kramer

(1971) found high mortality rates for eggs and larvae due to

exposure to wind-induced waves, which explains why

largemouth bass seem to prefer lentic habitat. Also, while

specific effects of tidal action on developing eggs are

unknown, stable water levels are associated with high

recruitment (Von Geldern 1971). Nesting in coves and bays

may slightly mitigate effects of tidal action. Temperature

may be an important environmental cue for the timing of

spawning because the early season nests seem to be in

areas of warmer water (Nack et al. 1993).

Eggs are adhesive, sticking to one another in a mass

and to the substrate upon which they are laid, such as

gravel or roots (Breder and Rosen 1966). Male largemouth

bass guard the nests, even after the eggs have hatched

(Breder and Rosen 1966). Larvae and juveniles use the area

around nesting sites as nursery habitat (Green et al. 1988;

Green et al. 1989; Nack et al. 1993). Presumably, these

preadult life stages remain in the tributaries where they

would be protected from waves, unstable water levels, as

well as some predators.

Adult largemouth bass also prefer lentic water in

protected areas, especially in winter (Carlson 1992).

Largemouth bass are believed to seek shelter from tideaffected areas in winter when their metabolic rates are low

(Carlson 1992). Largemouth bass tend to leave

overwintering sites when water temperature rises to 10°C

(Nack et al. 1993).

STRIPED BASS

Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) spawn in the freshbrackish reach of the Hudson River, concentrating

between Rkm 54 and 88, from early May through June

(Boreman 1981). Striped bass eggs are semibuoyant

(Hardy 1978). The yolksac larval stage runs 3-6 days, and

the feeding (post-yolksac) larval stage may last 4 wk

(Boreman and Fletcher 1993). The distribution of the early

life stages in the river has been well documented (e.g., see

Boreman and Klauda 1988), showing that the fish distribute

both upriver and downriver as they develop. Timing of

movement of juveniles out of estuarine nursery areas

varies among stocks; in the Hudson River, age 0 fish move

out of the river to estuaries in Long Island Sound and New

Jersey. By age 1, these fish are participating in coastal

migrations. Temperature is usually implicated in triggering

migrations, but further studies relating movement and

environmental conditions or prey availability seem

warranted. Coastal movement of striped bass tagged in the

Hudson River is extensive, but concentrated between Cape

May and Cape Cod (McLaren et al. 1981).

Food habits studies conducted in the estuary (Texas

Instruments, Inc. 1976a) suggest that age-0 striped bass

feed primarily on harpacticoid, calanoid, and cyclopoid

copepods, Gammarus spp., and chironomid larvae,

progressing to fish as they age. Striped bass greater than

75 mm feed on bay anchovies, and striped bass greater than

116 mm feed on clupeids, Atlantic tomcod, mummichogs,

Morone spp., and banded killifish. White perch, bluefish,

Atlantic tomcod, largemouth bass, and smallmouth bass

have been reported as potential predators on striped bass

larvae (McFadden et al. 1978).

WHITE PERCH

In the Hudson River, the white perch, M. americana,

is a nonmigratory euryhaline species which is widely

distributed throughout the river. Spawning occurs from

April to June (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953; Klauda,

McLaren, et al. 1988) or July (Boreman 1981), with peak egg

deposition in mid-May to early June in the upper Hudson

(Klauda, McLaren, et al. 1988). Spawning takes place

mainly in freshwater (Englert and Sugarman 1988; Klauda,

McLaren, et al. 1988) in a variety of protected habitats,

such as shallow flats, embayments, and tidal creeks

(Klauda, McLaren, et al. 1988).

Eggs are demersal and adhesive (Bigelow and

Schroeder 1953), and hatch after only 1.5-2 days (Boreman

1981). Yolksac larvae are found in the same areas as the

eggs, probably as a result of the short duration of the larval

stages (3-5 days) (Klauda, McLaren, et al. 1988). Feeding

larvae are more widely distributed due to their higher

mobility, and disperse downriver in July (Klauda, McLaren,

et al. 1988). This finding on post-yolksac larval

distribution conflicts with earlier sampling data from the

1970s which indicated that both egg and larval stages are

widely distributed in the Hudson, with larval stages found

between Rkm 39 and 201 (Boreman 1981). Juveniles first

appear in June, dispersing downriver and into the

shorezone during the end of summer; juveniles were mainly

found close to shore in October, but then moved into

deeper water by December (Klauda, McLaren, et al. 1988).

Adult white perch sexually mature at age 4 in males,

and age 5 in females (Klauda, McLaren, et al. 1988). There

is no known habitat preference for adults; they are widely

distributed in the Hudson River in both brackish and

freshwater habitats (Klauda, McLaren, et al. 1988), but

remain in the river for their entire life span (Boreman 1981).
Figure A-1. Spatial representation of the life history of the Atlantic sturgeon in the Hudson

 River estuary

Figure A-2. Spatial representation of the life history of the shortnose sturgeon in the Hudson River estuary

Page 15
Figure A-3. Spatial representation of the life history of the alewife in the Hudson River estuary Figure A-4. Spatial representation of the life history of the blueback herring in the Hudson

 River estuary

Page 16
Figure A-5. Spatial representation of the life history of the American shad in the Hudson

 River estuary

Figure A-6. Spatial representation of the life history of the Atlantic tomcod in the Hudson River estuary

Page 17
Figure A-7. Spatial representation of the life history of the bay anchovy in the Hudson

 River estuary

Figure A-8. Spatial representation of the life history of the bluefish in the Hudson River estuary

Page 18
Figure A-9. Spatial representation of the life history of the largemouth bass in the Hudson

 River estuary

Figure A-10. Spatial representation of the life history of the striped bass in the Hudson River estuary

Page 19
Figure A-11. Spatial representation of the life history of the white perch in the Hudson River

 estuary

Page 20
Page 21

APPENDIX B

List of Agencies, Organizations, and Individuals Contacted

to Determine the Extent of Unpublished Information Related to Habitat Use

by the Selected Fish Species Inhabiting the Hudson River Estuary

AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS

American Museum of Natural History

Bard College

Central Hudson Gas and Electric

Consolidated Edison Co.

Cornell University

Hudson River Foundation

Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve

Hudson River Sloop Clearwater

Hudson Riverkeeper

Hudsonia, Ltd.

Institute of Ecosystem Studies

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers

Maryland Department of Natural Resources

National Marine Fisheries Service

New York State Museum

New York Power Authority

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

New York State Department of State

Orange and Rockland Utilities

Rutgers University

Scenic Hudson, Inc.

Simon’s Rock College

State University of New York at Stony Brook

The River Project

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

University of Maryland Chesapeake Biological Laboratory

University of Massachusetts

University of South Alabama

INDIVIDUALS

Name & Mailing Address

at Time of Contact Remarks

Kenneth Able Research on striped bass in the Hudson River

Marine Field Station

Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences

Rutgers University

800 Great Bay Blvd.

Tuckerton, NJ 08087

Mark B. Bain Research on shortnose sturgeon in the Hudson River

Department of Natural Resources

Cornell University

Ithaca, NY 14853-3001
Page 22

Barbara Brown Detailed information available on cataloged specimens from the

Department of Ichthyology Hudson River; all 11 species represented by most life stages

American Museum of Natural History

Central Park West & 79th St.

New York, NY 10024

Jeffrey A. Buckel Research on bluefish in the Hudson River

Marine Science Research Center

State University of New York at Stony Brook

Stony Brook, NY 11794

Gregory L. Capobianco Head of Significant Habitat Unit; has worked on Hudson River

Coastal Program significant habitat

New York State Department of State

162 Washington Ave., 4th Fl.

Albany, NY 12231

John Catena

Northeast Regional Operations Office

National Marine Fisheries Service

1 Blackburn Dr.

Gloucester, MA 01930

David Conover Research on bluefish in the Hudson River

Marine Science Research Center

State University of New York at Stony Brook

Stony Brook, NY 11794

James Cowan Research on bay anchovy in Chesapeake Bay

Department of Marine Science

University of South Alabama

Mobile, AL 36688

John Cronin Hudson Riverkeeper

P.O. Box 130

Garrison, NY 10524

Robert A. Daniels Information available on cataloged specimens from the Hudson

Biological Survey Laboratory River; all 11 species represented, mainly young-of-the-year and

New York State Museum adult stages

145 Jordan Rd.

Troy, NY 12180

Cathy Drew Executive Director

The River Project

67 Vestry St.

New York, NY 10013

Dennis Dunning Research on striped bass in the Hudson River

New York Power Authority

123 Main St.

White Plains, NY 10601

Fran Dunwell Information on the Hudson River as it pertains to New York State

New York State Department government

 of Environmental Conservation

21 S. Putt Corners Rd.

New Paltz, NY 12561-1696
Page 23

David M. Green Research on largemouth bass in the Hudson River

Biological Field Station

Cornell University

900 Shakelton Point Rd.

Bridgeport, NY 13030

Thomas Halavik Senior biologist heading study on “Significant Habitat and Habitat

Coastal Ecosystems Project Complexes of the New York Bight Watershed”

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Shoreline Plaza, Rt. 1A

P.O. Box 307

Charlestown, RI 02813

Len Houston This office is putting together, along with the New York State

Environmental Analysis Branch Department of Environmental Conservation, a restoration plan

New York District for the Hudson River

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

26 Federal Plaza

New York, NY 10278

Francis Juanes Research on bluefish in the Hudson River; recruitment and

Department of Forestry and Wildlife feeding, in particular

University of Massachusetts

Amherst, MA 01003

Andrew W. Kahnle Hudson River fisheries for the New York State Department of

Hudson River Fisheries Unit Environmental Conservation; New York state sturgeon

New York State Department of regulations, 1992; research on American shad and striped bass

 Environmental Conservation in the Hudson River

61 Yankee Folly Rd.

New Paltz, NY 12561

Eric Kiviatt Research on natural and social science aspects of Hudson River

Hudsonia, Ltd. management

Bard College Field Station

Annandale, NY 12504

Ronald J. Klauda Research on striped bass, white perch, shortnose sturgeon,

Research & Monitoring Division American shad, Atlantic tomcod, and alewife in the Hudson River

Tidewater Administration - Chesapeake Bay

Maryland Department of Natural Resources

580 Taylor Ave., B2

Annapolis, MD 21401

Tom Lake

Hudson River Almanac

New York State Department

 of Environmental Conservation

3 Steinhaus Ln.

Wappinger Falls, NY 12590

Cara Lee Environmental Director; also Director of Hudson River

Scenic Hudson, Inc. Improvement Fund

9 Vassar St.

Poughkeepsie, NY 17601
Page 24

Karin Limburg Research on alewife, blueback herring,American shad, and

Institute of Ecosystem Studies general fish ecology in the Hudson River

Box AB

Millbrook, NY 12545

Wayne Mancroni

Central Hudson Gas and Electric

284 South Ave.

Poughkeepsie, NY 12602

Kim McKown Research on striped bass in the Hudson River; sturgeon

Marine Resources regulations with Andrew W. Kahnle

New York State Department

 of Environmental Conservation

205 Belle Meade Rd.

East Setauket, NY 11733

Andrew Milliken

Coastal Ecosystems Project

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Shoreline Plaza, Rt. 1A

P.O. Box 307

Charlestown, RI 02813

William Neider Research coordinator for the reserve

Hudson River National Estuarine

 Research Reserve

Bard College Field Station

Annandale, NY 12504

Michael Pace Research on striped bass in the Hudson River

Institute of Ecosystem Studies

Box AB

Millbrook, NY 12545

William D. Sasken

Orange and Rockland Utilities

1 Blue Hill Plaza

Pearl River, NY 10965

Robert Schmidt Research on alewife and blueback herring in the Hudson River

Simon’s Rock College with particular knowledge of freshwater tributary habitat

Great Barrington, MA 01230

David H. Secor Research on striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the Hudson

Chesapeake Biological Laboratory River

University of Maryland

P.O. Box 38

Solomons, MD 20688

C. Lavett Smith Editor of several books on Hudson River fishes

Department of Ichthyology/Herpetology

American Museum of Natural History

Central Park West & 79th St.

New York, NY 10024
Page 25

Nancy Steinberg Research on young-of-the-year bluefish in the Hudson River;head

Hudson River Foundation of library at the Hudson River Foundation

40 West 20th St.

New York, NY 10011

Dennis Suzskowski

Hudson River Foundation

40 West 20th St.

New York, NY 10011

John Waldman Research on striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the Hudson

Hudson River Foundation River

40 West 20th St.

New York, NY 10011

Alan Wells

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers

1 Blue Hill Plaza

P.O. Box 1509

Pearl River, NY 10965

John Young

Consolidated Edison Co.

4 Irving Place

New York, NY 10003
Page 26
Page 27

APPENDIX C

User’s Guide to the Database

ABOUT THE DATABASE

Literature references, representing mostly published papers and unpublished reports, for 11 fish species which are

considered important and representative of the fish community of the Hudson River estuary, have been assembled into a

database. The 11 fish species are: Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus; shortnose sturgeon, A. brevirostrum;

American shad, Alosa sapidissima; alewife, A. pseudoharengus; blueback herring, A. aestivalis; bay anchovy, Anchoa

mitchilli; bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix; Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod; striped bass, Morone saxatilis; white

perch, M. americana; and largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. The record of each literature reference in the database

includes 18 fields, among which are fields for “fish species,” “geography,” and “(other) keywords” (Table C-1). The 62

“other keywords” which were most often used in the database to describe the habitat use and requirements of the 11

species are listed in Table C-2.

DATABASE ACCESS AND USE

The database currently exists in three formats to enable public access and use, and will eventually exist in a fourth

format for such purposes. The first format of the database is an annotated bibliography of the literature references which

is presented in a paper printing of this report. Each entry in that bibliography is annotated with keywords on fish species,

geography, and “other” keywords. That annotated bibliography is Appendix D (“List of Published and Unpublished

Works Containing Information That May Be Relevant to Habitat Requirements and Use by the Selected Fish Species

Inhabiting the Hudson River Estuary”) of this report.

The second format of the database is the same annotated bibliography as presented in the paper printing, but is one

which has been electronically posted. The electronic posting is part of the HTML and PDF publishing of this report on the

Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s (NEFSC’s) Internet webpage on “Reports and Publications” (http://

www.nefsc.nmfs.gov/nefsc/publications/). The HTML version can be searched with the search engine associated with the

user’s Internet access software (e.g., Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer).

The third format of the database is one prepared with FileMaker® database software (FileMaker, Inc., 5201 Patrick

Henry Dr., P.O. Box 58168, Santa Clara, CA 95054-8168). To access and use this format, one must have either FileMaker 4

or 5 software installed on his/her computer, and must request the actual data to be sent as an e-mail attachment from the

NEFSC’s Editorial Office (Jon.Gibson@noaa.gov). The FileMaker database contains complete instructions -- through its

“Help” menu -- for the user, and permits searches on either single or multiple items (i.e., fish species, “other” keywords, and

authors).

The fourth format of the database, which will not be available until several years after the first three formats have been

prepared, will be the tagging of the annotated bibliography with XML. The XML-tagged bibliography will be part of an

XML-based system for searching and retrieving a wide array of information from an extensive collection of NEFSCproduced scientific works.
Page 28

Table C-1. Fields associated with records in the database on habitat use and requirements of important fish species inhabiting the Hudson River

estuary

Field Name Content

Author: Name(s) of the author(s) of the particular document.

Year: Year of publication, or year of completion if unpublished.

Title: Title of the particular document.

Type: Type of document, i.e., whether it is a journal article, thesis, etc. For example, since bibliographic

format differs for a book by one or more authors, as opposed to an edited book which contains

several papers by different authors, this field allows the database program to identify the different

types of books (i.e., “Book Type I” and “Book Type II”) so that the program can set up the proper

bibliographic output.

Title of Type: Title of the type of document, only where the title of the type of document differs from the title of

the document itself; i.e., for journal articles, this would include the title of the journal where an

article is published.

Volume: Volume number, when applicable.

Pages: Either the page numbers, or number of pages, for the particular document, when known.

Editors: Editors for the document, when applicable.

Publisher: Publisher for the particular document, when applicable.

Geography: One or more items pertaining to the locality (or localities) discussed in, or pertinent to, the

document.

Fish Species: Fish species discussed in the document, especially for those 11 species of particular interest. In

papers discussing fish species other than the 11, not all species are necessarily included in this

field. In most cases, the genus and species, as well as the common name, are entered for each fish.

Hardcopy Y or N: Whether a hardcopy of the document was on hand when the database was created. The papers

with “Yes” written in this field are now in a small library under the care of John Boreman. (See new

affiliation and e-mail address noted earlier.)

Hardcopy #: Number assigned to the hardcopy, for easy reference.

Notes: Originally intended to contain notes on papers that were read. Mostly, this field has been left

blank.

Source: From what paper, person, or place the document was originally found.

Output: Bibliographic format for the document.

Keywords: Keywords for the document. For papers for which a hardcopy is available, keywords are taken

from both the text and title. For papers for which a hardcopy is not available, keywords are taken

from only the title.
Page 29

Table C-2. Keywords most often used in the database on habitat use and requirements of important fish species inhabiting the Hudson River

estuary

loading

management

mark (for “mark and recapture”)

marsh

migration

mortality

movement

nursery

nutrient

otolith

PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl)

physiology

plankton

pollut (for “pollution” or “pollutant”)

population

power (for “power plant”)

predat (for “predation” or “predator”)

recruitment

reproduc (for “reproduce” or “reproduction”)

salinity

season

sediment

spawn

stock

temperature

tide (or “tidal”)

toxic

turbidity

vegetation

wastewater

young (for “young” and “young-of-the-year”; also,

 see “larva” and “juvenile”)

abundance

adult

age

anadrom (for “anadromy” or “anadromous”)

behavior

benthos

biology

chemistry

community

contamin (for “contaminant” or “contamination”)

development

dissolved oxygen

distribution

ecology

ecosystem

egg

embryo

entrain

environment

estuary

feeding

fisher (for “fishery” or “fisheries”)

food

freshwater

growth

habitat

history

impinge

juvenile (also, see “young”)

larva (for “yolksac and post-yolksac/feeding larva”;

 also, see “young”)

life history
Page 30
Page 31

APPENDIX D

List of Published and Unpublished Works Containing Information That May Be Relevant

to Habitat Requirements and Use by the Selected Fish Species Inhabiting the Hudson River Estuary

Editor’s Note: To insure consistency between the content of the following bibliography and the content of

the FileMaker database created by this report’s authors, none of the bibliographic data (i.e., author(s),

date, title, and publishing information) in this bibliography have been edited by this series’ editorial staff.

Some formatting and styling have been performed for the sake of consistency among issues in the NOAA

Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE series.

Able, K.W.; Kaiser, S.C. 1994. Synthesis of summer flounder

habitat parameters. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Anal. Ser. 1. Silver Spring, MD: NOAA Coastal

Ocean Office; 167 p. Keywords: North America habitat,

egg, larva, juvenile, adult summer flounder.

Abood, K.A. 1974. Circulation in the Hudson River estuary.

Annals NY Acad. Sci. 250:39-111. Keywords: Hudson

River, water circulation.

Abood, K.A. 1977. Evaluation of circulation in partially stratified estuaries as typified by the Hudson River. [Ph.D.

dissertation.] New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, evaluation, circulation, stratification, estuary.

Abood, K.A.; Apicella, G.A.; Wells, A.W. 1992. General evaluation of Hudson River freshwater flow trends. In: C.L.

Smith, ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s: Hudson River

Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River

Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press;

p. 3-28. Keywords: Hudson River, freshwater.

Abood, K.A.; Konrad, K.A.; Shirk, J.; McCroddy, P. 1973.

Effects of power plants on physical and chemical water

quality parameters with specific attention to temperature,

dissolved oxygen, and chlorine distributions. In: Proceedings of 3rd Symposium of Hudson River Ecology.

New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, effects, power plants,

water quality, chemistry, temperature, dissolved oxygen,

chlorine.

Abood, K.A.; Maikish, E.A.; Kimmel, R.R. 1976. Field and

analytical investigations of ambient temperature distribution in the Hudson River: In: Boesch, D.F., ed. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. New

Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, temperature distribution.

Adams, A.G. 1981. The Hudson: a guidebook to the river.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; 424 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, guidebook, reference.

Adams, P.B. 1980. Life history patterns in marine fishes and

their consequences for fisheries management. Fish. Bull.

(U.S.) 78:1-12. Keywords: life history, fisheries, marine

fishes, management.

Adams, S.M. 1976. The ecology of eelgrass, Zostera marina

(L.), fish communities: I. Structural analysis. J. Exp. Mar.

Biol. Ecol. 22:269-291. Keywords: ecology, eelgrass, fish

community, habitat, vegetation.

Adams, S.M. 1976. The ecology of eelgrass, Zostera marina

(L.), fish communities: II. Functional analysis. J. Exp.

Mar. Biol. Ecol. 22:293-311. Keywords: ecology, eelgrass,

fish community, function, habitat, vegetation.

Adams, S.M.; DeAngelis, D.L. 1987. Indirect effects of early

bass-shad interactions on predator population structure

and food web dynamics. In: Kerfoot, W.C.; Sih, A., eds.

Predation: direct and indirect impacts on aquatic communities. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England; p.

103-117. Keywords: interactions, predation, predator, prey,

population structure, food web, adult, largemouth bass,

American shad.

Albrecht, A.B. 1964. Some observations on factors associated with survival of striped bass eggs and larvae. Calif.

Fish Game J. 50:100-113. Keywords: observations, factors, survival, eggs, larvae, striped bass.

Allen, D.M.; Barker, D.L. 1990. Interannual variations in larval

fish recruitment to estuarine epibenthic habitats. Mar.

Ecol. Prog. Ser. 65:113-125. Keywords: interannual, variations, larvae, fish recruitment, metamorphosis, estuary,

epibenthic habitats.

Alperin, I.M. 1966. Dispersal, migration, and origins of striped

bass from Great South Bay, Long Island. NY Fish Game J.

13:79-112. Keywords: Long Island, Great South Bay, dispersal, migration, adult, striped bass.

Alperin, I.M. 1966. Occurrence of yearling striped bass along

the south shore of Long Island. NY Fish Game J. 13:113-

120. Keywords: Long Island, Atlantic Ocean, population,

yearling, young, striped bass.

Alsop, R.G.; Forney, J.L. 1962. Growth and food of white

perch in Oneida Lake. NY Fish Game J. 9:133-136. Keywords: Oneida Lake, New York, growth, food, feeding,

adult, white perch.

Ammerman, J.W. 1989. Microbial breakdown of organic phosphates in the Hudson River, 1 August, 1987 - 31 July, 1988.

[Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation;

30 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, microbe, microbial breakdown, organic, phosphates.

Ammerman, J.W. 1991. Role of ecto-phosphohydrolases in

phosphorus regeneration in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. In: Chrost, R.J., ed. Microbial enzymes in aquatic
Page 32

environments. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; p. 164-185.

Keywords: ecto-Phosphohydrolases, phosphorus, estuary, coastal, ecosystem.

Anderson, A.B.; Schmidt, R.E. 1989. A survey of larval and

juvenile fish populations in water-chestnut (Trapa natans)

beds in Tivoli South Bay, a Hudson River tidal marsh. In:

Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds. Polgar Fellowship reports

of the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve

Program, 1988, Section VII. New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation; 34 p. Keywords: Tivoli South Bay, Hudson

River, survey, fish, larvae, juvenile, populations, waterchestnut beds, tidal marsh, habitat.

Anderson, E.D. 1980. A preliminary assessment of the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the Atlantic coast of

the United States. NOAA/NMFS Woods Hole Lab. Ref.

Doc. 80-30; 29 p. Keywords: Atlantic Coast, Atlantic

Ocean, preliminary assessment, survey, population, adult,

bluefish.

Anderson, H.G. 1970. Annotated list of parasites of the bluefish. Bur. Sport Fish. Wildl. Tech. Pap.. 54; 15 p. Keywords: annotated list, parasites, adult, bluefish.

Anderson, R.D. 1978. Feeding and spawning of bluefish. Sea

Frontiers 24:335-339. Keywords: food, feeding, spawning, adult, bluefish.

Anonymous. 1994. Scientific publications about the Hudson

River National Research Reserve and environments. Unpublished; 13 p. Keywords: Hudson River, publications,

references, estuary, environment.

Armstrong, R.W.; Sloan, R.J. 1980. Trends in levels of several

known chemical contaminants in fish from New York State

waters. DECBur. Environ. Protect. Wildl. Tech. Rep. 80-

2, v. iii; 77 p. Keywords: New York, Hudson River, estuary,

lakes, bays, sounds, rivers, trends, chemical, contaminants, fish.

Armstrong, R.W.; Sloan, R.J. 1981. PCB patterns in Hudson

River fish: I. Resident/freshwater species. In: Proceedings of Hudson River Environmental Society. New Paltz,

NY: Hudson River Environmental Society. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, PCB patterns, fishery, freshwater species.

Armstrong, R.W.; Sloan, R.J. 1988. PCB patterns in Hudson

River fish: I. Resident freshwater species. In: Smith, C.L.,

ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River. Albany, NY:

State University of New York Press; p. 304-324. Keywords: Hudson River, PCBs.

Ashizawa, D.; Cole, J.J. 1994. Long-term temperature trends of

the Hudson River: a study of the historical data. Estuaries 17(1B):166-171. Keywords: Hudson River, temperature, history.

Atkinson, C.E. 1951. Feeding habits of adult shad (Alosa

sapidissima) in fresh water. Ecology 32:556-557. Keywords: feeding, food, adult, American shad.

Taub, S. 1990. Fishery management plan for Atlantic sturgeon. Atl. States Mar. Fish. Comm. Fish. Manage. Rep.

17; 73 p. Keywords: fishery, management, Atlantic sturgeon.

AuClair, R.P. 1956. The white perch, Morone americana

(Gmelin) [in] Sebasticook Lake, Maine. [M.S. thesis.]

Orono, ME: University of Maine; 84 p. Keywords: Maine,

Sebasticook Lake, adult, white perch.

AuClair, R.P. 1960. White perch in Maine. Augusta, ME:

Department of Inland Fisheries and Game. Keywords:

Maine, adult, white perch.

Auld, A.H.; Schubel, J.R. 1978. Effects of suspended sediment on fish eggs and larvae: a laboratory assessment.

Estuar. Coastal Mar. Sci. 6:153-164. Keywords: suspended sediment, fish eggs, eggs, laboratory experiment.

Austin, H.K.; Findlay, S. 1987. The contribution of bacteria to

benthic processes in the Hudson River estuary. In: Blair,

E.A.; Cooper, J.C., eds. Polgar Fellowship reports of the

Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve Program, 1986, Section V. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 48 p. Keywords: Hudson River, benthos, bacteria.

Austin, H.K.; Findlay, S. 1989. Benthic bacterial biomass and

production in the Hudson River estuary. Microbial Ecol.

18:105-116. Keywords: Hudson River, benthos, bacteria.

Austin, M.P. 1987. Models for the analysis of species? Response to environmental gradients. Vegetatio 69:35-45.

Keywords: model, species, environment, gradient.

Ayres, R.U.; Ayres, L.W.; McCurley, J.; Small, M.; Tarr, J.A.;

Widgery, R.C. 1985. An historical reconstruction of major

pollutant levels in the Hudson-Raritan basin 1880-1980.

Pittsburgh, PA: Variflex Corp. Keywords: Hudson River,

Raritan River, New York, New Jersey, basin, history, pollutants, pollution, 1880, 1980, 1880-1980.

Ayres, R.U.; Ayres, L.W.; McCurley, J.; Small, M.; Tarr, J.A.;

Widgery, R.C. 1988. An historical reconstruction of major

pollutant levels in the Hudson-Raritan Basin: 1880-1980

(3 volumes). NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS OMA 43. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, Raritan River, New Jersey, Hudson - Raritan Basin, estuary, history, reconstruction, pollutants, pollutant levels, 1880-1980.

Ayres, R.U.; Rod, S.R. 1986. Patterns of pollution in the Hudson

River. Environment 28:14-20, 39-43. Keywords: Hudson

River, Raritan Bay, pollution, wastewater, contaminants,

loadings.

Bain, M.B.; Bain, J.L. 1982. Habitat suitability index model:

coastal stocks of striped bass. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Rep.

FWS/OBS 82/10.1; 47 p. Keywords: model, habitat, coastal,

stocks, adult, striped bass.

Bain, M.B.; Boreman, J.; Nack, S.; Haley, N. 1995. Techniques

for evaluating the population status of Atlantic sturgeon.

[Proposal.] Stony Brook, NY: New York Sea Grant Institute; 27 p. Keywords: Hudson River, habitat, distribution,

juvenile, adult, sampling, mark and recapture, Atlantic sturgeon.

Barclay, B. 1993. Hudson River angler survey. [Final report.]

New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 66 p. Keywords: Hudson River, sport fishery, angler.

Barger, L.E. [year unknown.] Age and growth of the bluefish,

Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus), from the northern Gulf

of Mexico and the southeastern United States. NOAA/
Page 33

NMFS Panama City Lab. Rep.; 10 p. Keywords: northern Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Mexico, southeastern United

States, age, growth, adult, young, bluefish.

Barnthouse, L.W.; Boreman, J.; Christensen, S.W.; Goodyear,

C.P.; Van Winkle, W.; Vaughan, D.S. 1984. Population

biology in the courtroom: the Hudson River controversy.

BioScience 34:14-19. Keywords: Hudson River, population biology, courtroom, controversy.

Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda, R.J.; Klauda, R.L. 1988. Assessing

ecological impacts of power plants: Lessons from the

Hudson River case. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, ecology, impacts, power plants.

Barnthouse, L.W.; Klauda, R.J.; Vaughan, D.S. 1988. What we

didn’t learn about the Hudson River, why, and what it

means for environmental assessment. Am. Fish. Soc.

Monogr. 4:1-8. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, environmental assessment.

Barnthouse, L.W.; Van Winkle, W. 1988. Analysis of impingement impacts on Hudson River fish populations. Am.

Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:182-190. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, impingement, power plant, fish population.

Barnthouse, L.W.; Van Winkle, W.; Vaughan, D.S. 1983. Impingement losses of white perch at Hudson River power

plants: magnitude and biological significance. Environ.

Manage. 7:355-364. Keywords: Hudson River, New York,

impingement, mortality, power plants, biology, egg, larva,

juvenile, white perch.

Bason, W.H. 1971. Ecology and early life history of striped

bass, Morone saxatilis, in the Delaware estuary.

Middletown, DE: Ichthyological Associates. Ichthyol.

Assoc. Bull. 4:112. Keywords: Delaware, Delaware River,

Delaware Bay, Delaware estuary, estuary, ecology, early

life history, striped bass.

Battelle Marine Research Laboratory. 1983. 1980 and 1981

year class report for the Hudson River Estuary Monitoring Program. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison

Co.; 350 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, 1980,

1981, year class report, estuary, monitoring program, adult,

striped bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Bath, D.W.; O’Connor, J.M. 1982. The biology of white perch,

Morone americana, in the Hudson River estuary. Fish.

Bull. (U.S.) 80:599-610. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, estuary, biology, adult, white perch.

Bath, D.W.; Beebe, C.A.; Ryder, R.H.; Hecht, J.H. 1976. A list

of common and scientific names of fishes in the Hudson

River. In: Boesch, D.F., ed. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson

River Environmental Society; 6 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, fishes, names, common, scientific.

Bath, D.W.; O’Connor, J.M. 1981. Development and identification of larval Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser

oxyrhynchus) and shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser

brevirostrum) from the Hudson River estuary, New York.

Copeia 1981:711-717. Keywords: Hudson River, development, identification, estuary, larvae, Atlantic sturgeon,

shortnose sturgeon.

Bayless, J.D. 1972. Artificial propagation and hybridization of

striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). Columbia,

SC: South Carolina Marine Resources Dept.; 135 p. Keywords: propagation, hybridization, adult, striped bass.

Beaven, M.; Mihursky, J. 1980. Food and feeding habits of

larval striped bass: an analysis of larval striped bass stomachs from 1976 Potomac estuary collections. Chesapeake

Biol. Lab. Ref. No. [UMCEES] 79-45-CBL; 27 p. Keywords: Potomac River, estuary, feeding, habits, behavior,

larvae, stomachs, analysis, 1976, striped bass.

Beebe, C.A.; Savidge, I.R. 1988. Historical perspective on fish

species composition and distribution in the Hudson River

estuary. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:25-36. Keywords:

Hudson River, distribution.

Bell, J.D.; Westoby, M. 1986. Variations in seagrass height

and density over a wide spatial scale: effects on fish and

decapods. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 104:275-295. Keywords: seagrass, fish community, habitat, decapods.

Bell, J.D.; Westoby, M.; Steefe, A.S. 1987. Fish settling in

seagrass: do they discriminate between beds of different

leaf density? J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 111:133-144. Keywords: seagrass, fish habitat.

Belton, T.; Roundy, R. 1985. A study of toxic hazards for

urban subsistence and recreational fishermen. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 48 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, toxic, PCBs, pesticides, fish

tissue analysis, fishermen, adult, striped bass, white perch,

bluefish.

Belton, T.; Ruppel, B.E.; Lockwood, K.; Boriek. M. 1983. PCBs

in selected finfish caught within New Jersey waters, 1981-

1982 (with limited chlordane data). Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; 36 p. Keywords: New Jersey, adult, PCB, bluefish, striped bass.

Bennett, G.W. 1974. Ecology and management of largemouth

bass, Micropterus salmoides. Overharvest and management of largemouth bass in small impoundments. Am.

Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. No. 3. Keywords: ecology, management, adult, largemouth bass.

Benz, G.W.; Jacobs, R.P. 1986. Practical field methods of sexing largemouth bass. Prog. Fish-Cult. 48:221-225. Keywords: field methods, sexing, adult, largemouth bass.

Berg, D.L.; Levinton, J.S. 1985. The biology of the HudsonRaritan estuary with special emphasis on fishes. NOAA

Tech. Memo. NOS OMA 16; 170 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, Raritan River, New Jersey, estuary, biology, fishes.

Berggren, T.J.; Lieberman, J.T. 1978. Relative contribution of

Hudson, Chesapeake and Roanoke striped bass, Morone

saxatilis, stocks to the Atlantic coast fishery. Fish. Bull.

(U.S.) 76:335-345. Keywords: Hudson River, Chesapeake

Bay, Roanoke River, Atlantic Ocean, contribution, stocks,

population, fishery, Atlantic coast, adult, striped bass.

Bero, A.S.; Gibbs, R.J. 1990. Mechanisms of pollutant transport in the Hudson estuary. Sci. Total Environ. 97/98:9-

22. Keywords: Hudson River, pollutant transport, sediment, PCB, pesticides, trace metals.
Page 34

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Alewife. In: Fishes of

the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish Bull.

74(53):101-106. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, distribution,

biology, growth, adult, spawning, food, fishery, alewife.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. American shad. In:

Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish

Bull. 74(53):108-112. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, adult, distribution, food, spawning, reproduction, egg, larva, growth,

fishery, American shad.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Bay anchovy. In: Fishes

of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish Bull.

74(53):118-119. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, adult, distribution, bay anchovy.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Blueback herring. In:

Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish

Bull. 74(53):106-107. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, adult, distribution, spawning, blueback herring.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Bluefish. In: Fishes of

the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish Bull.

74(53):383-389. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, adult, behavior,

spawning, egg, larva, juvenile, distribution, fishery, bluefish.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Short-nose sturgeon.

In: Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish

Bull. 74(53):84-85. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, Maine, distribution, spawning, adult, short-nose sturgeon.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Striped bass. In: Fishes

of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish Bull.

74(53):389-405. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, Maine, biology, adult, behavior, food, migration, spawning, egg, larva,

growth, fishery, population, abundance, striped bass.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Tomcod. In: Fishes of

the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish Bull.

74(53):196-199. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, adult, spawning, egg, larva, food, behavior, distribution, fishery, Atlantic tomcod.

Bigelow, H.B.; Schroeder, W.C. 1953. White perch. In: Fishes

of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish Bull.

74(53):405-407. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, adult, distribution, spawning, egg, larva, fishery, white perch.

Blackford, C.M. 1916. The shad: a national problem. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 46:14-May. Keywords: adult, American

shad.

Blair, B.; Neider, W.C. 1993. Mapping the Hudson River National Estuarine Reserve: Creating tools for tidal wetlands

research, management, and education. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 6 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, wetland, tidal, tide, research, management,

education.

Boesch, D.F.; Turner, R.E. 1984. Dependence of fishery species on salt marshes: the role of food and refuge. Estuaries 7:460-468. Keywords: marsh habitat, food, refuge.

Bohne, C.; Schmidt, R.E. 1989. Larval fish flux between a

freshwater tidal marsh and the Hudson River estuary. In:

Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds. Polgar Fellowship reports

of the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve

Program, Section VII. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 22 p. Keywords: Hudson River, larvae, movement, marsh habitat, freshwater.

Bokuniewicz, H.J.; Ellsworth, J.M. 1986. Sediment budget for

the Hudson River system. Northeast Geol. 8:156-163.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, sedimentation, sediment, geology.

Bokuniewicz, H.J.; Ullman, D. 1995. Turbidity distribution in

the Hudson River estuary. Stony Brook, NY: Marine Science Research Center, Spec. Sci. Rep. 109 (Reference 95-

02); 42 p. Keywords: Hudson River, turbidity.

Bonn, E.W.; Bailey, W.M.; Bayless, J.D.; Erickson, K.E.;

Stevens, R.E., editors. 1976. Guidelines for striped bass

culture. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society

(Southern Division); 103 p. Keywords: guidelines, culture, eggs, striped bass.

Booth, R.A. 1967. A description of the larval stages of the

tomcod, Microgadus tomcod, with comments on its

spawning ecology. [M.S. thesis.] Storrs, CT: University

of Connecticut; 53 p. Keywords: larval stages, larvae,

spawning, ecology, tomcod.

Bopp, R.F. 1979. The geochemistry of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Hudson River. [Ph.D. dissertation.] New York,

NY: Columbia University. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, geochemistry, PCBs.

Bopp, R.F.; Simpson, H.J. 1984. Persistent chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in the New York Harbor complex.

[Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York Harbor, contaminants, loadings.

Bopp, R.F.; Simpson, H.J. 1988. Sources and trends of persistent contaminants in the New York Harbor complex. [Final

report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 54 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, contaminants, sediments, radionuclides, PCBs, chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides,

trace metals, cadmium.

Bopp, R.F.; Simpson, H.J. 1989. Contamination of the Hudson

River - the sediment record. In: National Research Council, ed. Contaminated marine sediments assessment and

remediation. Washington, DC: National Academy Press;

p. 401-416. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, contaminant, sediment, pollution.

Bopp, R.F.; Simpson, H.J.; Chillrud, S.N.; Robinson, D.W. 1993.

Sediment-derived chronologies of persistent contaminants in Jamaica Bay, New York. Estuaries 16:608-616.

Keywords: Jamaica Bay, New York, sediment, contaminants.

Bopp, R.F.; Simpson, H.J.; Deck, B.L. 1985. Release of polychlorinated biphenyls from contaminated Hudson River

sediments. [Final report.] Albany, NY: New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, release, polychlorinated biphenyls, PCB, contamination, sediments.

Bopp, R.F.; Simpson, H.J.; Olsen, C.R.; Kostyk, N. 1981. Polychlorinated biphenyls in the sediments of the tidal Hudson

River, New York. Environ. Sci. Technol. 15:210-216. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs, sediments, tide.
Page 35

Bopp, R.F.; Simpson, H.J.; Olsen, C.R.; Trier, R.M.; Kostyk, N.

1982. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and radionuclide chronologies in sediments of the Hudson River and estuary.

NY Environ. Sci. Technol. 16:666-676. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, estuary, chlorinated hydrocarbons, radionuclide, chronologies, sediments.

Boreman, J. 1979. Spatial distributions of entrainable life stages

of six Hudson River fish populations. In: Boreman, J., et

al. Entrainment impact estimates for six fish populations

inhabiting the Hudson River estuary. Testimony submitted during the EPA, Region II, adjunctory hearing in the

matter of NPDES permits for Bowline Point, Indian Point,

and Roseton generating stations. Exhibit EPA-200; Chapter III. Keywords: Hudson River, entrainment, distribution.

Boreman, J. 1981. American shad stocks along the Atlantic

Coast. NOAA NMFS Woods Hole Lab. Ref. Doc. 81-40.

Keywords: Atlantic Coast, population, stocks, adult,

American shad.

Boreman, J. 1981. Life histories of seven fish species that

inhabit the Hudson River estuary. NOAA NMFS Woods

Hole Lab. Ref. Doc. 81-34; 97 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

Long River, spawning, egg, larvae, juvenile, adult, trophic

relationships, ecology, striped bass, white perch, blueback

herring, alewife, American shad, Atlantic tomcod, bay

anchovy.

Boreman, J. 1982. River herring stocks along the Atlantic

coast. NOAA NMFS Woods Hole Lab. Ref. Doc. 81-35; 23

p. Keywords: Atlantic coast, life history, spawning, eggs,

larvae, juvenile, adults, trophic relationships, fishery, survey, river herring, blueback herring, alewife.

Boreman, J. 1983. Simulation of striped bass egg and larva

development based on temperature. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

112:286-292. Keywords: simulation, egg, larva, development, temperature, striped bass.

Boreman, J. 1983. Status of bluefish along the Atlantic coast,

1982. NOAA NMFSWoods Hole Lab. Ref. Doc. 83-28; 35

p. Keywords: Atlantic coast, fishery, stock, spawning,

migration, age, growth, trophic relationships, survey, abundance, recruitment, mortality, adult, bluefish.

Boreman, J. 1992. Impact of added mortality on the reproductive potential of shortnose sturgeon in the lower Connecticut River. [Report.] Gloucester, MA: NMFS Northeast Regional Office; 14 p. Keywords: Connecticut River,

mortality, reproduction, population, eggs, adult, shortnose

sturgeon.

Boreman, J.; Austin, H.M. 1985. Production and harvest of

anadromous striped bass stocks along the Atlantic coast.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:3-7. Keywords: Atlantic Ocean,

coast, fishery, production, harvest, anadromous, adult,

striped bass.

Boreman, J.; Barnthouse, L.W.; Vaughan, D.S.; Goodyear, C.P.;

Christensen, S.W.; Kumar, K.D.; Kirk, B.L.; Van Winkle,

W. 1982. The impact of entrainment and impingement of

fish populations in the Hudson River estuary: Vol. I. Entrainment impact estimates for six fish populations inhabiting the Hudson River estuary. Environ. Sci. Div. Publ.

No. 1790. [ORNL/NUREG/TM-385/V1]. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, estuary, impact, entrainment,

impingement, fish populations, estimates, habitat.

Boreman, J.; Fletcher, R.I. 1993. Modeling egg deposition

patterns. Bulletin of the Technical Working Group, Hudson

River Monitoring Program 1(1):1-8. Keywords: Hudson

River, eggs, model, striped bass.

Boreman, J.; Goodyear, C.P. 1988. Estimates of entrainment

mortality for striped bass and other fish species inhabiting the Hudson River estuary. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr.

4:152-160. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary,

estimates, entrainment, mortality, fish, species, egg, larva,

juvenile, striped bass.

Boreman, J.; Goodyear, C.P.; Christensen, S.W. 1978. An empirical transport model for evaluating entrainment of

aquatic organisms by power plants. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

FWS/OBS-78/90. Keywords: model, transport model, empirical data, evaluation, entrainment, aquatic organisms,

power plants.

Boreman, J.; Klauda, R.J. 1988. Distributions of early life stages

of striped bass in the Hudson River estuary, 1974-1979.

Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:53-58. Keywords: Hudson River,

egg, larva, juvenile, distribution, striped bass.

Boreman, J.; Lewis, R.R. 1987. Atlantic coastal migrations of

striped bass. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 1:331-339. Keywords:

Atlantic Ocean, migration, adult, striped bass.

Boreman, J.; Overholtz, W.J.; Sissenwine, M.P. 1984. A preliminary analysis of the effects of fishing on shortnose

sturgeon. NOAA NMFS Woods Hole Lab. Ref. Doc. 84-

17; 22 p. Keywords: Saint John River, Hudson River, Pee

Dee River, fishery, growth, mortality, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Bowden, K.F. 1980. Physical factors: salinity, temperature,

circulation, and mixing processes. In: Olausson, E.; Cato,

I., eds. Chemistry and biogeochemistry of estuaries. New

York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; p. 37-70. Keywords: salinity, temperature, circulation, estuary.

Bower, P.M.; Simpson, H.J.; Williams, S.C.; Li, Y.H. 1978. Heavy

metals in the sediments of Foundry Cove, Cold Spring,

NY. Environ. Sci. Technol. 12:683-687. Keywords:

Foundry Cove, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island Sound,

New York, heavy metals, metals, sediments.

Boyce Thompson Institute. 1977. An atlas of the biological

resources of the Hudson River estuary. Yonkers, NY:

Boyce Thompson Institute of Plant Research, Estuarine

Study Group. Keywords: Hudson River, biology, environment, estuary, bay anchovy.

Boyle, R.H. 1968. Notes on the fishes of the lower Hudson

River. Underwater Nat. 5(2):32-33, 40. Keywords: Hudson

River, bluefish.

Boynton, W.R.; Kemp, W.M.; Keefe, C.W. 1982. A comparative analysis of nutrients and other factors influencing

estuarine phytoplankton production. In: Kennedy, V.S.,

ed. Estuarine comparisons. New York, NY: Academic Press;

p. 69-90. Keywords: nutrients, estuary, phytoplankton.

Boynton, W.R.; Polgar, T.T.; Zion, H.H. 1981. Importance of

juvenile striped bass food habits in Potomac estuary.
Page 36

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110:56-63. Keywords: Potomac River,

estuary, food habits, feeding, juveniles, striped bass.

Bozeman, E.L.; Jr.; Dean, J.M. 1980. The abundance of estuarine larval and juvenile fish in a South Carolina intertidal

creek. Estuaries 3:89-97. Keywords: South Carolina, estuary, larvae, juveniles, intertidal habitat.

Bradford, A.D.; Miller, J.G.; Buss, K. 1966. Bioassays on eggs

and larval stages of American shad, Alosa sapidissima.

In: Carlson, F.T., ed. Suitability of the Susquehanna River

for the restoration of shad. Washington, DC: Maryland

Board of Natural Resources, New York Conservation Department, and Pennsylvania Fish Commission; p. 52-60.

Keywords: Susquehanna River, restoration, bioassays,

eggs, larvae, stages, American shad.

Brandt, R.E. 1987. Current status of American shad, alewife,

and blueback herring in New York waters. [Report.] Washington, DC: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission;

82 p. Keywords: stocks, fishery, population, American

shad, alewife, blueback herring.

Brandt, S.B.; Mason, D.M.; Patrick, E.V. 1992. Spatially-explicit models of striped bass growth potential in Chesapeake Bay. Fisheries 17:23-31, 34-35. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, model, growth, adult, striped bass.

Breder, C.M.; Jr.; Rosen, D.E. 1966. Modes of reproduction in

fishes. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press; 941 p.

Keywords: reproduction, largemouth bass.

Breteler, R.J. 1973. Chemical pollutants of the Hudson-Raritan

estuary: proceedings of a workshop. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, Raritan River, New Jersey, Hudson-Raritan

estuary, estuary, chemical, pollutant.

Breteler, R.J.; editor. 1973. Chemical pollution of the HudsonRaritan estuary. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS OMA-7. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, Raritan River, New Jersey, estuary, chemical, pollution.

Bridgewater, R.; Schmidt, R. 1994. Diets of larval white perch

and striped bass in the Kingston Region of the Hudson

River estuary with comments on the significance of the

Bosmina bloom. In: Waldman, J.R.; Blair, E.A., eds. Final

reports of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1993.

New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, estuary, food habits, feeding,

larvae, behavior, striped bass, white perch.

Brosnan, T.M.; Stokes, T.L.; Jr.; Forndran, A.B. 1987. Water

quality monitoring and trends in New York Harbor. In:

Proceedings of the Oceans 87 Conference: Coastal and

Estuary Pollution 5. Halifax, Nova Scotia: IEEE; p. 1598-

1603. Keywords: New York Harbor, Hudson River, estuary, pollution, water quality, monitoring.

Brown, B. 1993. A classification system of marine and estuarine habitats in Maine: an ecosystem approach to habitats: Part I. Benthic habitats. Augusta, ME: Maine Natural Areas Program, Department of Economic and Community Development. Keywords: Maine, classification, system, marine, estuary, habitats, ecosystem.

Brown, J.S.; Rosensweig, M.L. 1986. Habitat selection in slowly

regenerating environments. J. Theoretical Biol. 123:151-

171. Keywords: habitat selection.

Brown, M.P.; Werner, M.B.; Sloan, R.J.; Simpson, K.W. 1985.

Polychlorinated biphenyls in the Hudson River. Environ.

Sci. Technol. 19:656-661. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs.

Buckel, J.A.; Steinberg, N.D.; Conover, D.O. 1995. Effects of

temperature, salinity, and fish size on growth and consumption of juvenile bluefish. J. Fish Biol. 47:696-706.

Keywords: Hudson River, temperature, salinity, size,

growth, predation, juvenile, bluefish.

Buckley, E. 1984. Partition coefficients and the modeling of

PCB congeners in the environment. Ithaca, NY: Cornell

University; 33 p. Keywords: PCB, ecosystem, submerged

aquatic vegetation, emergent aquatic vegetation.

Buckley, E.H. 1971. Maintenance of a functional environment

in the lower portion of the Hudson River estuary: an appraisal for the estuary. Yonkers, NY: Boyce Thompson

Institute for Plant Research, Inc. Reprint No. 2233. Keywords: Hudson River, environment, maintenance, management.

Buckley, E.H.; Ristich, S.S. 1976. Distribution of rooted vegetation in the brackish marshes and shallows of the Hudson

River estuary. In: Boesch, D.F., ed. Proceedings of the 4th

Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson

River Environmental Society; Paper 20. Keywords: Hudson

River, vegetation, plant, brackish, marsh habitat.

Bulkey, R.B. 1975. Chemical and physical effects on centrarchid

basses. In:Clepper, H., ed. Black bass biology and management. Washington, DC: Sport Fishing Institute; p.

286-294. Keywords: physiology, chemistry, biology, management, centrarchid bass, adult, largemouth bass.

Burbridge, R.G. 1974. Distribution, growth, selective feeding,

and energy transformations of young-of-the-year

blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill), in James River,

Virginia. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103:297-311. Keywords:

James River, Virginia, distribution, growth, selective feeding, feeding, energy transformations, energy, young-ofthe-year, blueback herring.

Burdick, G.E. 1954. An analysis of the factors, including pollution, having possible influence on the abundance of

shad in the Hudson River. NY Fish Game J. 1:188-205.

Keywords: Hudson River, abundance, adult, American

shad.

Burns, R.W. 1974. Seasonal abundance and diversity of larval

fishes in a high-marsh tidal creek. [M.S. thesis.] Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina; 54 p. Keywords:

seasonal, abundance, diversity, larvae, marshes, tidal

creek, habitat, tides.

Busby, W. 1966. Flow, quality, and salinity in the Hudson

River estuary. In: Hudson River ecology. Albany, NY:

Hudson River Valley Commission; p. 135-145. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, flow, quality, salinity, estuary.
Page 37

Busch, W.D.N.; Davies, D.H.; Nepszy, S.J. 1977. Establishment of white perch, Morone americana, in Lake Erie. J.

Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1039-1041. Keywords: Lake Erie,

New York, introduced species, adult, white perch.

Busch, W.N.; Heinrich, J.W. 1982. Growth and maturity of

white perch in Lake Ontario. NY Fish Game J. 29:206-208.

Keywords: Lake Ontario, New York, growth, maturity,

adult, white perch.

Butler, P.A. 1966. The problem of pesticides in estuaries. Am.

Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 3:110-115. Keywords: pesticides,

pollution, estuary.

Campbell, M.; Dexter, B.L. 1987. Identification, distribution

and abundance patterns of aquatic algae and herbivores

in marshlands of the Hudson River National Estuarine

Research Reserve (Stockport Flats component). In: Blair,

E.A.; Cooper, J.C., eds. Polgar Fellowship reports of the

Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve Program, 1986, Section V. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 35 p. Keywords: Hudson River, Stockport Flats,

algae, marsh habitat.

Cannon, T.C.; Jinks, S.M.; King, L.R.; Lauer, G.J. 1978. Survival of entrained ichthyoplankton and macroinvertebrates

at Hudson River power plants. In: Jensen, L.D., ed. Fourth

National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement.

Melville, NY: EA Communications. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, survival, entrainment, ichthyoplankton,

macroinvertebrates, power plants.

Carey, K. M. and R. H. Waines. 1987. Preliminary report on the

geology, hydrology and related historical aspects of the

Tivoli Bays and Stockport Flats. In: Blair, E.A.; Cooper,

J.C., eds. Polgar Fellowship reports of the Hudson River

National Estuarine Research Reserve Program, 1986, Section VIII; 91 p. Keywords: Hudson River, Stockport Flats,

Tivoli Bays, geology, hydrology, history.

Carline, R.F.; Machung, J.F.; Genito, D. 1995. Impediments to

fish passage and habitat suitability for anadromous fish

in Pennsylvania tributaries to the Susquehanna River. [Final report.] Harrisburg, PA: Pennsylvania Fish and Boat

Commission; 62 p. Keywords: Pennsylvania,

Susquehanna River, anadromy, migration, habitat, alewife,

blueback herring.

Carlson, D.M. 1986. Fish and their habitats in the upper Hudson

estuary. [Unclassified report.] Albany, NY: New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords:

Hudson River, habitat.

Carlson, D.M. 1990. Assessment of the largemouth bass population and fishery in the Hudson River estuary. Albany,

NY: Fisheries Bureau, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River,

estuary, assessment, population, fishery, adult, largemouth

bass.

Carlson, D.M. 1992. Importance of wintering refugia to the

largemouth bass fishery in the Hudson River estuary. J.

Freshwater Ecol. 7:173-180. Keywords: Upper Hudson

River estuary, New York, Wappinger Creek, Rondout Creek,

Esopus Creek, Catskill Creek, Coxsackie Bay, mark and

recapture, overwintering, refugia, habitat, abundance,

adult, largemouth bass.

Carlson, D.M.; Simpson, K.W. 1987. Gut content of juvenile

shortnose sturgeon in the upper Hudson estuary. Copeia

1987:796-802. Keywords: Hudson River, juvenile,

shortnose sturgeon.

Carlson, F.T., editor. 1968. Suitability of the Susquehanna

River for the restoration of shad. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of the Interior, Maryland Board of Natural

Resources, New York Conservation Department, and Pennsylvania Fish Commission; 60 p. Keywords: Susquehanna

River, suitability, restoration, adult, American shad.

Carlson, F.T.; McCann, J.A. 1969. Hudson River fisheries

investigations. 1965-1968: Evaluations of a proposed

pumped storage project at Cornwall, NY in relation to fish

in the Hudson River. Keywords: Hudson River Policy

Committee, Cornwall, Hudson River, New York, fishery,

1965-1968, pumped storage.

Carscadden, J.E. 1975. Studies on the American shad (Alosa

sapidissima) in the St. John River and Miramichi River,

New Brunswick with special reference to homing and r-K

selection. [Ph.D. dissertation.] Montreal, QB: McGill University. Keywords: St. John River, Miramichi River, New

Brunswick, Canada, homing, migration, r-K selection, adult,

American shad.

Central Hudson Gas and Electric, Inc.; Lawler, Matusky and

Skelly Engineers, Inc. 1977. Annual Progress Report

1976. Pearl River, NY: LMS Engineers. Keywords: Hudson

River, lower, entrainment, impingement, estuary, abundance, distribution, plankton, ichthyoplankton, fish, chemical characteristics, physical characteristics, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass.

Cerrato, R.M. 1994. The spatial and temporal structure of the

benthos in the lower bay of New York Harbor. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 10 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York Harbor, New York,

benthos, distribution.

Cerrato, R.M.; Bokuniewicz, H.J.; Wiggins, M.H. 1989. A

spatial and seasonal study of the benthic fauna of the

lower bay of the New York Harbor. Stony Brook, NY:

SUNY Marine Sciences Research Center, Spec. Rep. No.

84; 325 p. Keywords: New York Harbor, Hudson River,

estuary, spatial, seasonal, benthos, fauna, lower bay.

Chambers, J.R.; Musick, J.A.; Davis, J. 1976. Methods of

distinguishing larval alewife from blueback herring.

Chesapeake Sci. 17:93-100. Keywords: methods, larva,

species identification, alewife, blueback herring.

Chapoton, R.B.; Sykes, J.E. 1961. Atlantic coast migration of

large striped bass as evidenced by fisheries and tagging.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 90:13-20. Keywords: Atlantic coast,

migration, adult, striped bass.

Cheney, A.N. 1896. Shad of the Hudson River. Ann. Rept.

Comm. Fish, Game, Forests NY 1896:125-134. Keywords:

Hudson River, adult, American shad.

Chesapeake Bay Living Resources Task Force. 1987. Habitat

requirements for Chesapeake Bay living resources. [Re-
Page 38

port.] Annapolis, MD: Maryland Department of Natural

Resources, Chesapeake Bay Program; 63 p. Keywords:

Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, habitat, ecosystem, target

species, adult, striped bass, blueback herring, American

shad, white perch, bay anchovy.

Chiarella, L.A.; Conover, D.O. 1990. Spawning season and

first-year growth of adult bluefish from the New York Bight.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 119:455-462. Keywords: New York

Bight, New York, spawning, season, first-year growth,

young-of-the-year, adult, bluefish.

Chittenden, M.E., Jr. 1969. Life history and ecology of the

American shad, Alosa sapidissima, in the Delaware River.

[Ph.D. dissertation.] New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University; 459 p. Keywords: Delaware River, life history, history, ecology, adult, American shad.

Chittenden, M.E., Jr. 1972. Responses of young American

shad, Alosa sapidissima, to low temperatures. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 101:680-685. Keywords: responses, young,

temperature, American shad.

Chittenden, M.E., Jr. 1976. Present and historical spawning

grounds and nurseries of American shad, Alosa

sapidissima, in the Delaware River. Fish. Bull. (U.S.)

74:343-352. Keywords: Delaware River, spawning, nursery, adult, American shad.

Chittenden, M.E., Jr. 1976. Weight loss, mortality, feeding, and

duration of residence of adult American shad, Alosa

sapidissima, in fresh water. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 74:151-157.

Keywords: weight loss, mortality, feeding, residence, adult,

fresh water, American shad.

Chittenden, M.E., Jr.; Westman, J.R. 1967. Highlights of the

life history of the American shad in the Delaware River:

Public hearing on water quality standards for the Delaware River at Trenton, N.J., January 26, 1967. W. Trenton,

NJ: Delaware River Basin Commission; 9 p. Keywords:

Delaware River, life history, adult, American shad.

Christensen, S.W.; Englert, T.L. 1988. Historical development

of entrainment models for Hudson River striped bass.

Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:133-142. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, history, development, models, entrainment, egg, larva, juvenile, striped bass.

Christensen, S.W.; Van Winkle, W.; Barnthouse, L.W.; Vaughan,

D.S. 1981. Science and the law: Confluence and conflict

on the Hudson River. EIA Review 1-2:63-90. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, science, law, confluence, conflict.

Christie, R.W.; Walker, P.T.; Eversole, A.G.; Curtis, T.A. 1981.

Distribution of spawning blueback herring on the West

Branch of Cooper River and the Santee River, South Carolina. Proc. Ann. Conf. SE Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agencies

35:632-640. Keywords: South Carolina, Cooper River,

Santee River, spawning, distribution, adult, blueback herring.

Cianci, J.M. 1969. Larval development of the alewife, Alosa

pseudoharengus Wilson, and the glut herring, Alosa

aestivalis Mitchill. [M.S. thesis.] Storrs, CT: University of

Connecticut; 62 p. Keywords: larvae, development, alewife, glut herring, blueback herring.

Clark, J.F.; Simpson, H.J.; Bopp, R.F.; Deck, B. 1992. Geochemistry and loading history of phosphate and silicate in the

Hudson estuary. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 34:213-233.

Keywords: Hudson River, nutrients, loading, wastewater,

phosphate, silicate.

Clark, J.F.; Simpson, H.J.; Bopp, R.F.; Deck, B.L. 1993. Dissolved oxygen utilization and distribution in the lower

Hudson River estuary since the late 1970s. Publisher

unknown; 22 p. Keywords: Hudson River, dissolved oxygen.

Clark, J.R. 1968. Seasonal movements of striped bass contingents of Long Island Sound and New York Bight. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 97:320-343. Keywords: Long Island Sound,

New York Bight, season, movements, adult, striped bass.

Coastal Environmental Services, Inc. 1990. Hudson River

stock assessment outage evaluation and benefit-cost programs: progress meeting, 17 November, 1989. [Report.]

White Plains, NY: New York Power Authority; 68 p. Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, population, striped

bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Coastal Environmental Services, Inc. 1992. Hudson River

stock assessment for American shad, Atlantic tomcod,

and white perch. [Report.] White Plains, NY: New York

Power Authority; 200 p. Keywords: Hudson River, stock,

population, power plant, adult, American shad, Atlantic

tomcod, white perch.

Coastal Environmental Services, Inc. 1994. Distribution patterns of eight key species of Hudson River fish by life

stage: Vol. I. Summaries of sampling effort for studies conducted from 1974-1987, tables of dates sampled and gear

deployed. [Report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 500 p. Keywords: Hudson River, distribution, sampling, life stage, American shad, striped bass, white perch,

Atlantic tomcod, largemouth bass, shortnose sturgeon.

Coastal Environmental Services, Inc. 1994. Distribution patterns of eight key species of Hudson River fish by life

stage: Vol. II. Summaries of sampling effort for studies

conducted from 1974-1987, maps of sampling location.

[Report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 400

p. Keywords: Hudson River, life stage, life history, distribution, sampling, American shad, striped bass, white

perch, Atlantic tomcod, largemouth bass, shortnose sturgeon.

Coastal Environmental Services, Inc. 1994. Distribution patterns of eight key species of Hudson River fish by life

stage: Vol. III. Summaries of patterns of presence-absence.

[Report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 75 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, life stage, life history, distribution, sampling, American shad, striped bass, white perch,

Atlantic tomcod, largemouth bass, shortnose sturgeon.

Coastal Environmental Services, Inc. 1994. Distribution patterns of eight key species of Hudson River fish by life

stage: Vol. IV. Summaries of patterns of relative abundance.
Page 39

[Report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 50 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, life stage, life history, distribution, sampling, abundance, American shad, striped bass,

white perch, Atlantic tomcod, largemouth bass, shortnose

sturgeon.

Coch, N.H. 1986. Sediment characteristics and facies distributions in the Hudson system. Northeastern Geol. 8:109-

129. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, sediment, distribution, pollution.

Cochran, J.K.; Hirschberg, D.J. 1994. Benthic contaminant

accumulation and mixing rate studies in the Hudson River

estuary. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 64 p. Keywords: Hudson River, sediments, loading, contaminants.

Cole, B.E.; Cloern, J.E. 1987. An empirical model for estimating

phytoplankton productivity in estuaries. Mar. Ecol. Prog.

Ser. 36:299-305. Keywords: model, phytoplankton productivity, estuary.

Cole, J.J.; Caraco, N.F.; Peierls, B. 1992. Can phytoplankton

maintain a positive carbon balance in a turbid, freshwater,

tidal estuary? Limnol. Oceanogr. 37:1608-1617. Keywords: phytoplankton, carbon balance, estuary, tide, freshwater, turbidity.

Cole, J.J.; Caraco, N.M.; Peierls, B.L. 1988. Phytoplankton

primary production in the mid-Hudson. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 35 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, phytoplankton, temperature, oxygen, conductivity, DIC, light, suspended weight, phosphorus, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, production, respiration.

Cole, J.J.; Findlay, S.; Pace, M.L. 1988. Basic ecosystem processes in the Hudson River: A report on the conference at

the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, October 10 and 11,

1988. Millbrook, NY: Institute of Ecosystem Studies.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, ecosystem, processes, ecology.

Connell, J.H.; Sousa, W.N. 1983. On the evidence needed to

judge ecological stability or persistence. Am. Nat. 121:789-

824. Keywords: ecology, stability, persistence.

Connolly, J.P.; Winfield, R.P.; Blasland, J.R. 1984. Application

of a food chain model of PCB accumulation to the striped

bass of the Hudson River estuary. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 35 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, PCB, food chain, model, adult, striped bass.

Conover, N.R. 1958. Investigations of the white perch, Morone

americana (Gmelin), in Albemarle Sound and the lower

Roanoke River, North Carolina. [M.S. thesis.] Raleigh,

NC: North Carolina State College; 58 p. Albemarle Sound,

Roanoke River, adult, white perch.

Conservation and Utilization Division. 1993. Status of the

fishery resources off the northeastern United States for

1993. NOAA Tech. Mem. NMFS-F/NEC-101; 140 p. Keywords: northeastern United States, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf

of Maine, status, fishery, resources, fishes, 1993.

Cooper, J.C.; Cantelmo, F.R.; Newton, C.F. 1988. Overview of

the Hudson River estuary. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:11-

24. Keywords: Hudson River, hydrology, water chemistry, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, contaminants, turbidity, pH, alkalinity, salinity.

Cooper, J.C.; Polgar, T.T. 1981. Recognition of year-class dominance in striped bass management. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

110:180-187. Keywords: recognition, year-class dominance, management, young-of-the-year, striped bass.

Cooper, R.A. 1961. Early life history and spawning migration

of the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus. [M.S. thesis.]

Narragansett, RI: University of Rhode Island; 58 p. Keywords: early life history, life history, spawning migration,

alewife, early life history, spawning, migration, adult, egg,

larva, young, alewife.

Correll, D.L. 1978. Estuarine productivity. BioScience 28:646-

650. Keywords: estuary, productivity.

Coutant, C.C. 1985. Striped bass, temperature, and dissolved

oxygen: a speculative hypothesis for environmental risk.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:31-61. Keywords: temperature,

dissolved oxygen, adult, striped bass.

Coutant, C.C. 1986. Thermal niches of striped bass. Sci. Am.

254:98-104. Keywords: habitat, thermal, temperature, adult,

striped bass.

Cox, P. 1921. Histories of new food fishes. V. The tomcod.

Bull. Biol. Board Can., Vol. 5. Keywords: history, fishery,

fishes, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Crance, J.H. 1986. Habitat suitability index models and instream

flow suitability curves: shortnose sturgeon. U.S. Fish

Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(10.129); 31 p. Keywords: habitat,

index model, flow, suitability, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Crecco, V.A.; Blake, M.M. 1983. Feeding ecology of coexisting larvae of American shad and blueback herring in the

Connecticut River. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 112:498-507.

Keywords: Connecticut River, feeding ecology, feeding,

ecology, coexisting larvae, larvae, American shad, blueback

herring.

Crecco, V.A.; Savoy, T.F. 1984. Effects of fluctuations in hydrographic conditions on year-class strength of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the Connecticut River.

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:1216-1223. Keywords: Connecticut River, hydrography, year-class strength, youngof-the-year, American shad.

Crecco, V.A.; Savoy, T.F.; Whitworth, W. 1986. Effects of

density-dependent and climatic factors on American shad

(Alosa sapidissima) recruitment: a predictive approach.

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:457-463. Keywords: densitydependent, climate, recruitment, larva, juvenile, adult,

American shad.

Crocker, R.A. 1965. Planktonic fish eggs and larvae of Sandy

Hook estuary. Chesapeake Sci. 6:92-95. Keywords: Sandy

Hook estuary, plankton, ichthyoplankton, fish eggs, fish

larvae.

Cronin, L.E.; Daiber, J.C.; Hulburt, E.M. 1962. Quantitative

seasonal aspects of zooplankton in the Delaware River

estuary. Chesapeake Sci. 3:63-93. Keywords: Delaware

River, Chesapeake Bay, seasonal, zooplankton, estuary.

Curran, H.W.; Ries, D.T. 1937. A biological survey of the

lower Hudson watershed. Albany, NY: New York State
Page 40

Conservation Department. Keywords: Lower Hudson

Watershed, Hudson River, New York, biology, survey.

Curran, H.W.; Ries, D.T. 1937. Fisheries investigations in the

lower Hudson River, a biological survey of the lower

Hudson watershed: Supplement to the 26th Annual Report for 1936. Albany, NY: New York State Department of

Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, lower Hudson River, fishery, biological survey.

Dadswell, M.J. 1975. Biology of the shortnose sturgeon

(Acipenser brevirostrum) in the St. John estuary, New

Brunswick, Canada. Baseline survey and living resources

potential study of the St. John estuary: Vol. III. Fish and

Fisheries. St. Andrews, NB: Huntsman Marine Laboratory; 75 p. Keywords: St. John River, New Brunswick, Canada,

survey, resources, estuary, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Dadswell, M.J. 1976. Biology of the shortnose sturgeon

(Acipenser brevirostrum) in the St. John estuary, New

Brunswick, Canada. Trans. Atlantic Chapter Can. Soc.

Environ. Bio. Annual Meeting 1975; p. 20-72. Keywords:

St. John River, New Brunswick, Canada, survey, resources,

biology, estuary, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Dadswell, M.J. 1979. Biology and population characteristics

of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur

1818 (Osteichthyes: Acipenseridae), in the Saint John River

estuary, New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. Zool. 57:2187-

2210. Keywords: Saint John River, Saint John River estuary, New Brunswick, Canada, biology, population, adult,

shortnose sturgeon.

Dadswell, M.J. 1979. Testimony on the shortnose sturgeon

and Atlantic sturgeon on behalf of National Marine Fisheries Service. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 19 p. Keywords: testimony, adult,

shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dadswell, M.J. 1981. Synopsis of biological data on shortnose

sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) Lesueur, 1818. In:

Shortnose sturgeon recovery plan. [Draft.] Silver Spring,

MD: Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv.; 75 p. Keywords: biology, synopsis, recovery plan, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Dadswell, M.J.; Melvin, G.D.; Williams, P.J.; Themelis, D.E.

1987. Influences of origin, life history, and chance on the

Atlantic coast migration of American shad. Am. Fish.

Soc. Symp. 1:313-330. Keywords: Atlantic coast, life history, migration, adult, American shad.

Dadswell, M.J.; Taubert, B.D.; Squires, T.S.; Marchette, D.;

Buckley, J. 1984. Synopsis of biological data on shortnose

sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur 1818. NOAA

Tech. Rep. NMFS 14; 45 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

Canada, east coast, US, morphology, life history, habitat,

reproduction, embryo, larva, juvenile, adult, feeding, food,

growth, age, behavior, fishery, management, shortnose

sturgeon.

Dando, P.R. 1984. Reproduction in estuarine fish. In: Potts,

G.W.; Woonton, R.H., eds. Fish reproduction, strategies

and tactics. New York, NY: Academic Press; p. 155-170.

Keywords: reproduction, estuarine fish.

Daniel, D.A. 1967. A laboratory study to define the relationship between survival of young striped bass (Morone

saxatilis) and their food supply. Calif. Dept. of Fish and

Game, Anadromous Fisheries Branch, Admin. Rep. No.

76-1; 13 p. Keywords: laboratory study, young, food supply, feeding, striped bass.

Daniels, R.A. 1986. List of Hudson River fish species in the

New York State Museum. [Report.] New York, NY: Hudson

River Foundation; 8 p. Keywords: Hudson River, fish

species, museum specimens.

Daniels, R.A. 1995. Nearshore fish assemblage of the tidal

Hudson River. In: LaRoe, E.T.; Farris, G.S.; Puckett, C.E.;

Doran, P.D.; Mac, M.J., eds. Our living resources: a report

to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health

of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems. Publisher unknown; p. 260-263. Keywords: Hudson River, nearshore,

fish community, tidal, tide.

Daniels, R.A.; Lawrence, T. 1991. Stability of fish assemblages in the lower Hudson River. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 39 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, fish community, stability.

Darmer, K.I. 1969. Hydrologic characteristics of the Hudson

River estuary. In: Howell, G.P.; Lauer, G.J., eds. Hudson

River Ecology: Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on

Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; p. 40-55. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, hydrology.

Darmer, K.I. 1987. Overview of Hudson River hydrology. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 174

p. Keywords: Hudson River, hydrology, acid precipitation, contaminants, loadings.

Davies, W.P. 1970. The effects of temperature, pH and total

dissolved solids on the survival of immature striped bass,

Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). [Ph.D. dissertation.] Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University; 100 p. Keywords: effects, temperature, pH, dissolved solids, survival,

young, immature, striped bass.

Davis, J. 1973. Spawning sites and nurseries of fishes of the

genus Alosa in Virginia. In: Pacheco, A.L., ed. Proceedings of a workshop on egg, larval, and juvenile stages of

fish in Atlantic Coast estuaries. NOAA/NMFS Sandy

Hook Tech. Series Rep. 1; p. 140-141. Keywords: Atlantic

Coast, Atlantic Coast estuary, Virginia, spawning sites,

nursery, fishes, egg, larval, juvenile, stages.

Davis, J.R.; Cheek, R.P. 1966. Distribution, food habits, and

growth of young clupeids, Cape Fear River system, North

Carolina. In: Proceedings, 20th Annual Conference, S.E.

Assoc. Game Fish Comm.; p. 250-260. Keywords:

Clupeidae, distribution, food, growth.

Davis, W.S. 1957. Ova production of American shad in Atlantic coast rivers. Bur. Sport Fish. Wildl., Resource Publ.

67; 51 p. Keywords: Atlantic coast, egg, ova, ova production, adult, American shad.

Deck, B.L. 1981. Nitrogen dynamics and nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand in the Hudson estuary. [Final

report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary, nitrogen, oxygen.

Deck, B.L. 1981. Nutrient-element distributions in the Hudson

River estuary. [Ph.D. dissertation.] New York, NY: Colum-
Page 41

bia University; 396 p. Keywords: Hudson River, nutrients, loadings.

Dery, L. 1979. Alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, age-length

keys from spring and fall bottom trawl surveys, 1973 to

spring 1978, covering the U.S. continental shelf from Cape

Hatteras, NC, to Nova Scotia. NOAA NMFS Woods Hole

Lab. Ref. Doc. 79-45. Keywords: United States, continental shelf, Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Atlantic Ocean, age-length keys, season, spring, fall, trawl,

survey, adult, alewife.

Deuel, D.G. [year unknown.] Migration of bluefish Pomatomus

saltatrix in Atlantic coast waters. NOAA/NMFS/NEFC

Sandy Hook Lab. Rep.; 37 p. Keywords: Atlantic coast,

migration, coastal waters, adult, bluefish.

Deuel, D.G. 1964. Evidence of spawning of tagged bluefish.

Underwater Nat. 2:24. Keywords: spawning, tagging,

mark and recapture, adult, bluefish.

Deuel, D.G.; Clark, J.R.; Mansueti, A.J. 1966. Description of embryonic and early larval stages of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 95:264-271. Keywords: embryology,

development, egg, embryo, larva, stages, bluefish.

Dew, C.B. 1981. Biological characteristics of commercially

caught Hudson River striped bass. In: Rachlin, J.W.;

Tauber, G., eds. Hudson River Ecology, 5th Symposium.

New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society; p.

82-102. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, biology,

commercial fisheries, catch, adult, striped bass.

Dew, C.B. 1988. Biological characteristics of commercially

caught Hudson River striped bass, 1973-1975. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. Keywords: Hudson River, Tappan Zee region,

spawning, gill-net, fishery, adult, striped bass.

Dew, C.B. 1988. Stomach contents of commercially caught

Hudson River striped bass, Morone saxatilis 1973-1975.

Fish. Bull. (U.S.). 86(2):397-401. Keywords: Hudson River,

food, feeding, gut content analysis, fishery, adult, striped

bass.

Dew, C.B. 1991. Early life history and population dynamics of

Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) in the Hudson

River estuary, New York. [Ph.D. dissertation.] New York,

NY: City University of New York; 369 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, life history, population dynamics, estuary, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Dew, C.B. 1995. The nonrandom size distribution and sizeselective transport of age-0 Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus

tomcod) in the lower Hudson River estuary. Can. J. Fish.

Aquat. Sci. 52:2353-2366. Keywords: Hudson River, size,

distribution, movement, transport, age-0, egg, larva, juvenile, Atlantic tomcod.

Dew, C.B.; Hecht, J.H. 1976. Ecology and population dynamics of Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) in the Hudson

River estuary. In: Boesch, D.F., ed. Proceedings of the

4th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. New Paltz,

NY: Hudson River Environmental Society. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, ecology, population, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Dew, C.B.; Hecht, J.H. 1976. Observations on the population

dynamics of the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod)

in the Hudson River estuary. In: Boesch, D.F., ed. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society; 8 p. Keywords: Hudson River, population dynamics,

estuary, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Dew, C.B.; Hecht, J.H. 1994. Hatching, estuarine transport,

and distribution of larval and early juvenile Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod, in the Hudson River. Estuaries

17:472-488. Keywords: Hudson River, hatching, transport, distribution, larvae, juveniles, Atlantic tomcod.

Dew, C.B.; Hecht, J.H. 1994. Recruitment, growth, mortality,

and biomass production of larval and early juvenile Atlantic tomcod in the Hudson River estuary. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 123:681-702. Keywords: Hudson River, growth,

spawning, mortality, larva, juvenile, recruitment, metamorphosis, Atlantic tomcod.

Dexter, B.L. 1995. Project Riverwatch: water quality studies in

tributary/shoreline environments of the lower Hudson

River estuary. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation; 26 p. Keywords: lower Hudson River, tributary, shoreline, environment, water quality.

Dey, W.P. 1981. Mortality and growth of young-of-the-year striped

bass in the Hudson River estuary. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

110:151-157. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary,

mortality, growth, young-of-the-year, striped bass.

Dey, W.P.; Baumann, P.C. 1978. Community dynamics of shore

zone fish populations in the Hudson River estuary: 108th

Annual American Fisheries Society Meeting, Kingston,

RI. Keywords: American Fisheries Society, Hudson River,

New York, fish community, dynamics, shore zone, population, estuary.

Dey, W.P.; Peck, T.H.; Smith, C.E.; Kreamer, G.L. 1993. Epizoology of hepatic neoplasia in Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus

tomcod) from the Hudson River estuary. Can. J. Fish.

Aquat. Sci. 50:1897-1907. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, estuary, epizoology, hepatic neoplasia, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Diaz, R.J.; Boesch, D.F. 1984. The macrobenthos of the

Hudson-Raritan estuary. In: Boesch, D.F., ed. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology;

Ch. VI. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, Raritan River,

New Jersey, macrobenthos, estuary.

DiLorenzo, J.L.; Huang, P.; Ram, R.V.; Najarian, T.O. 1990. Water

quality screening analysis of small tidal embayments bordering the Hudson River estuary. [Final report.] New York,

NY: Hudson River Foundation; 65 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, water quality, tidal, pollution, loading, hydrodynamic, management.

Dodson, J. J. and W. C. Leggett. 1973. Behavior of adult

American shad (Alosa sapidissima) homing to the

Connecticut River from the Long Island Sound. J.

Fish. Res. Board Can. 30:1847-1860. Keywords: Connecticut River, Long Island Sound, adults, homing

behavior, migration, American shad.

Domermuth, R.B.; Reed, R.J. 1980. Food of juvenile American

shad, Alosa sapidissima, juvenile blueback herring, Alosa
Page 42

aestivalis and pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus, in the

Connecticut River below Holyoke Dam, Massachusetts.

Estuaries 3:65-68. Keywords: Connecticut River, food,

feeding, diet, juvenile, pumpkinseed, estuary, American

shad, blueback herring.

Doroshev, S.I. 1970. Biological features of the eggs, larvae,

and young of the striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) in connection with the problem of its acclimatization in the USSR.

J. Ichthyol. 10:235-247. Keywords: USSR, Russia, biology, eggs, larvae, juvenile, young, acclimatization, striped

bass.

Doroshov, S.I.; Moberg, G.P. 1993. Reproductive conditions

of the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) stock

in the Hudson River. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson

River Foundation; 52 p. Keywords: reproduction, adult,

Atlantic sturgeon.

Doroshov, S.I.; Van Eenennaam, J.P.; Moberg, G.P.; Watson,

J.G. 1994. Reproductive conditions of the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) stock in the Hudson River.

[Report for Year 2.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 65 p. Keywords: Hudson River, reproduction, adult,

Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1976. Performance report for the biology and

management of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons of the

Hudson River. [Report; Oct. 1, 1975 to March 31, 1976.]

Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 12 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, performance report, biology, management, adult,

shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1977. An atlas of the biological resource of the

Hudson estuary. Yonkers, NY: Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, estuary, atlas, biological resources, biology.

Dovel, W.L. 1977. Performance report for the biology and

management of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons of the

Hudson River. [Report.] Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, performance report, biology,

management, adult, shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1978. Performance report for the biology and

management of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons of the

Hudson River. [Report, April 1, 1977 - March 31, 1978.]

Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 154 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, performance report, biology, management, adult,

shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1978. Performance report for the biology and

management of shortnose and Atlantic sturgeons of the

Hudson River. [Draft final report.] Albany, NY: New York

State Department of Environmental Conservation; 181 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, performance report,

biology, management, adult, shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1979. Atlantic and shortnose sturgeons in the

Hudson River estuary: Testimony report for the U.S. EPA.

The Oceanic Society; 26 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, testimony report, biology, management, adult,

shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1979. The biology and management of shortnose

and Atlantic sturgeon of the Hudson River. [Report.] Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental

Conservation; 68 p. Keywords: Hudson River, biology,

management, adult, shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1979. The endangered shortnose sturgeon of the

Hudson River: Its life history and vulnerability to the activities of man. [Periodic progress report No. 1.] Washington, DC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission; 10 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, vulnerability, life history, endangered species, biology, management,

shortnose sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1980. The endangered shortnose sturgeon of the

Hudson River: Its life history and vulnerability to the activities of man. [Periodic progress report No. 5.] Washington, DC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission; 5 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, life history, vulnerability, endangered species, biology, management,

shortnose sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1981. Ichthyoplankton of the lower Hudson estuary, New York. NY Fish Game J. 28:21-39. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, estuary, ichthyoplankton, adult,

striped bass, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1981. The endangered shortnose sturgeon of the

Hudson River: Its life history and vulnerability to the activities of man. [Final report.] Washington, DC: Federal

Energy Regulatory Commission; 32 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, life history, vulnerability, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L. 1990. Movements of immature striped bass in the

Hudson River estuary, New York. [Report.] Lancaster,

PA: Wyatt Group; 48 p. Keywords: Hudson River, habitat, estuary, seasonal movement, immature adult, development, striped bass.

Dovel, W.L.; Berggren, T.J. 1983. Atlantic sturgeon of the

Hudson River estuary, New York. NY Fish Game J. 30:140-

172. Keywords: Hudson River, adult, Atlantic sturgeon.

Dovel, W.L.; Pekovitch, A.K.; Berggren, T.J. 1992. Biology of

the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur,

1818) in the Hudson River estuary, New York. In: Smith,

C.L., ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s: Hudson River

Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River

Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Keywords: Hudson River, biology, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Drill, S.; Schmidt, R.E. 1988. The composition of the summer

zooplankton community in Tivoli Bays, Hudson River,

New York. In: Waldman, J.R.; Blair, E.A., eds. Polgar

Fellowship reports of the Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve Program, 1986, Section II. New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 24 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, Tivoli Bays, zooplankton, community, ecology, season.

Durbin, A.G. 1976. The role of fish migration in two coastal

ecosystems: the Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus)
Page 43

in Narragansett Bay and the alewife (Alosa

pseudoharengus) in Rhode Island ponds. [Ph.D. dissertation.] Kingston, RI: University of Rhode Island. Keywords: Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, ponds, role, fish

migration, migration, coastal ecosystems, Atlantic menhaden, adult, alewife.

Dustman, E.H.; Stickel, L.F.; Blus, L.J.; Reichel, W.L.; Wiemeyer,

S.N. 1971. The occurrence and significance of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment. In: Transactions,

36th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference; 1971 March 7-10; Portland, OR. Washington,

DC: Wildlife Management Institute; p. 118-133. Keywords:

PCB, environment, ecosystem, biology, chemistry.

Ecological Analysts Science and Technology, Inc. 1978.

Hudson thermal effects studies for representative species. [Final report.] Poughkeepsie, NY: Central Hudson

Gas and Electric Corporation; New York, NY: Consolidated

Edison Company; Pearl River, NY: Orange and Rockland

Utilities. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, thermal,

temperature, species.

Ecological Analysts Science and Technology, Inc. 1978. Thermal effects literature review for Hudson River representative important species. [Report.] Poughkeepsie, NY: Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corporation; New York, NY:

Consolidated Edison Company; Pearl River, NY: Orange and

Rockland Utilities; 127 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, thermal effects, temperature, literature, fish, species.

Ecological Analysts Science and Technology, Inc. 1979. Effects of heat shock on predation of striped bass larvae by

yearling white perch. [Report.] 49 p. Keywords: temperature, heat shock, predation, adult, striped bass, white perch.

Ecological Analysts Science and Technology, Inc. 1983. Stock

characteristics of the Hudson River Atlantic tomcod population during the 1980-1981 and 1981-1982 spawning seasons. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, age, egg,

larva, juvenile, adult, spawning, population, fishery, entrainment, impingement, Atlantic tomcod.

Ecological Analysts Science and Technology, Inc. 1984. Abundance and stock characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod

population in the Hudson River, Winter 1982-1983. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, age, egg, larva,

juvenile, adult, spawning, population, fishery, entrainment,

impingement, Atlantic tomcod.

Ecological Analysts Science and Technology, Inc. 1984. Abundance and stock characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod

population in the Hudson River, Winter 1983-1984. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, age, egg, larva,

juvenile, adult, spawning, population, fishery, entrainment,

impingement, Atlantic tomcod.

Ecological Analysts Science and Technology, Inc. 1986. A

study of the occurrence of liver cancer in Atlantic tomcod

(Microgadus tomcod) from the Hudson River estuary.

[Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation;

57 p. Keywords: Hudson River, liver, cancer, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Ecological Analysts Science and Technology, Inc. 1990. 1988

year class report for the Hudson River monitoring Program. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords: Hudson River, estuary, impingement,

entrainment, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass.

Edsall, T.A. 1970. The effects of temperature on the rate of

development and survival of alewife eggs and larvae.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99:376-380. Keywords: eggs, larvae,

development, survival, temperature effects, alewife.

Edwards, E.A.; Gebhart, G.; Maughan, O.E. 1983. Habitat

suitability information: smallmouth bass. U.S. Fish Wildl.

Serv. FWS/OBS-82/10.36; 47 p. Keywords: habitat suitability, smallmouth bass.

Edwards, S.J.; Hutchison, J.B., Jr. 1980. Effectiveness of a

barrier set in reducing white perch (Morone americana)

and striped bass (Morone saxatilis) impingement.

Environ. Sci. Tech. 14:210-213. Keywords: barrier, impingement, power plant, juvenile, adult, white perch, striped

bass.

Eldridge, M.B.; King, J.; Eng, D.; Bowers, M.J. 1977. Role of

the oil globule in survival and growth of striped bass

(Morone saxatilis) larvae. In: Proceedings, 57th Annual

Conference, Western Assoc. State Game and Fish Commissioners; p. 303-313. Keywords: oil globule, survival,

growth, larvae, striped bass.

Eldridge, M.B.; Whipple, J.A.; Bowers, M.J. 1982. Bioenergetics and growth of striped bass, Morone saxatilis, embryos and larvae. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 80:461-474. Keywords: bioenergetics, growth, embryos, larvae, striped

bass.

Eldridge, M.B.; Whipple, J.A.; Eng, D.; Bowers, M.J.; Jarvis,

B.M. 1981. Effects of food and feeding factors on laboratory-reared striped bass (Morone saxatilis) larvae. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 110:111-120. Keywords: food, feeding, laboratory-reared, survival, growth, larvae, striped bass.

Elzinga, C.L. 1989. Freshwater tidal wetlands, Hudson River:

vegetation, description, investigation, and preservation.

[M.S. thesis.] Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin;

171 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, freshwater

tidal wetlands, vegetation, preservation.

Englert, T.L.; Aydin, F.N. 1975. An intra-tidal population model

of young-of-the-year striped bass in the Hudson River.

In: Proceedings of the AICA International Symposium on

Advances in Computer Methods for Partial Differential

Equations; p. 273. Keywords: Hudson River, New York,

computer methods, intra-tidal, tides, population, model,

young-of-the-year, striped bass.

Englert, T.L.; Sugarman, D. 1988. Patterns of movement of

striped bass and white perch larvae in the Hudson River

estuary. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the

Hudson River. Albany, NY: State University of New York

Press; p. 148-169. Keywords: Hudson River, movement,

distribution, larvae, striped bass, white perch.

Environmental Information Systems. 1985. Users guide to the

Hudson River database: Vol. II. Long River
Page 44

Ichthyoplankton Survey. [Final report.] New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation. Keywords: Long River,

ichthyoplankton.

Environmental Information Systems. 1987. Users guide to the

Hudson River database: Vol. II. Descriptions of major surveys/programs. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson

River Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River, survey.

Eraslan, A.H.; Van Winkle, W.; Sharp, R.D.; Christensen, S.W.;

Goodyear, C.P.; Rush, R.M.; Fulkerson, W. 1976. A computer simulation model for the striped bass young-of-theyear population in the Hudson River. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak

Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division Publication 766 [ORNL/NUREG-8]. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, computer simulation, model,

young-of-the-year, population, striped bass.

ESSA Technologies, Ltd. and Deriso. 1994. A critical review

of the SPDES Draft Environmental Impact Statement. [Report.] Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 70 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

environment.

Esser, S.C. 1983. Long-term changes in some fishes of the

Hudson-Raritan estuary. In: Mayer, G.F., ed. Ecological

stress and the New York Bight. Columbia, SC: Estuarine

Research Federation; p. 299-314. Keywords: Hudson

River, Raritan River, New York, fishes, estuary.

Fabrizio, M.C. 1987. Contribution of Chesapeake Bay and

Hudson River stocks of striped bass to Rhode Island

coastal waters as estimated by isoelectric focusing of eye

lens protein. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 116:588-593. Keywords: Hudson River, Chesapeake Bay, Rhode Island, distribution, migration, adult, striped bass.

Feldman, A.E. 1973. A microfaunal and microfloral population

investigation of the Hudson River in the vicinity of

Roseton, NY. In: Proceedings of 3rd Symposium of

Hudson River Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River

Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, Roseton, microfaunal, microfloral, population, investigation.

Festa, P.J. 1990. Summary of Hudson River black bass tournament reports 1989. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, tournament, black bass, sport fishery.

Fewlass, L. 1980. Life history and management of the largemouth bass in the Upper Chesapeake Bay. [Study II.]

Annapolis, MD: Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Keywords: Upper Chesapeake Bay, Chesapeake

Bay, life history, management, young, adult, largemouth

bass.

Fewlass, L. 1985. A study of the largemouth bass inhabiting

Potomac River tidal waters. [Report.] Annapolis, MD:

Maryland Department of Natural Resources; 10 p. Keywords: Potomac River, tidal waters, adult, largemouth bass.

Fewlass, L. 1985. A study of the largemouth bass inhabiting

Wicomico River tidal waters. [Report.] Annapolis, MD:

Maryland Department of Natural Resources; 6 p. Keywords: Wicomico River, tidal waters, adult, largemouth

bass.

Findlay, S. 1988. Significance of the detritus food web in the

Tivoli Bays. [Final report.] Silver Spring, MD: NOAA

Marine and Estuarine Management Division; 36 p. Keywords: Hudson River, Tivoli Bays, detritus, food web.

Findlay, S.; Pace, M.L.; Lints, D.; Cole, J.J.; Caraco, N.F.; Peierls,

B. 1991. Weak coupling of bacterial and algal production

in heterotrophic ecosystem: the Hudson River estuary.

Limnol. Oceanogr. 36:268-278. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, estuary, weak coupling, bacteria, algae, production, heterotrophic, ecosystem.

Findlay, S.; Howe, K.; Austin, H.K. 1990. Comparison of detritus dynamics in two tidal freshwater wetlands. Ecol.

71:288-295. Keywords: Hudson River, detritus, tidal, freshwater, wetland.

Findlay, S.; Pace, M.L. 1994. Synthesis of information on the

lower food web of the tidal freshwater Hudson River. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 20

p. Keywords: Hudson River, phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, distribution, freshwater.

Findlay, S.; Pace, M.L.; Lints, D. 1991. Scales of variability and

transport of suspended sediment, particulate, and dissolved organic carbon in the tidal, freshwater Hudson

River. Biogeochemistry 12:149-169. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, transport, organic carbon, sediment, particulate, tides, freshwater, estuary.

Findlay, S.; Pace, M.L; Fischer, D. 1996. Spatial and temporal

variability in the lower food web of the tidal freshwater

Hudson River. Estuaries 19:866-873. Keywords: lower

Hudson River, food web, tidal, tide, freshwater, ecology.

Findlay, S.; Schoeberl, K.; Wagner, B. 1989. Abundance, composition, and dynamics of the invertebrate fauna of a tidal

freshwater wetland. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 8:140-148.

Keywords: Hudson River, invertebrates, community, tidal,

freshwater, wetland.

Fishler, K.G. 1959. Contributions of the Hudson and Connecticut Rivers to New York-New Jersey shad catch of

1956. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 60:161-174. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, Connecticut River, New

Jersey, fishery, catch, 1956, adult, American shad.

Fleming, A.K.; et al. 1976. The environmental impact of PL 92-

500 on the Hudson River estuary. In: Boesch, D.F., ed.

Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, environmental

impact, PL 92-500, estuary.

Flemming, J.; Anderson, W.; Motyer, J.; Dadswell, M.J. [year

unknown.] Utilization of an intertidal mudflat by tomcod

(Microgadus tomcod) and smooth flounder (Liopsetta

putnami) and their impact on benthic prey organisms,

Peck’s Cove, Cumberland Basin, New Brunswick. [Report.]

Keywords: Peck’s Cove, Cumberland Basin, New

Brunswick, intertidal mudflat, tide, smooth flounder, impact, prey, benthos, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Floyd, K.B.; Hoyt, R.D.; Timbrook, S. 1984. Chronology of

appearance and habitat partitioning by stream larval fishes.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 113:217-223. Keywords: chronol-
Page 45

ogy, appearance, habitat partitioning, stream larval fishes,

stream, larvae.

Fortin, R.; Leveille, M.; Laramee, P.; Mailhot, Y. 1990. Reproduction and year-class strength of the Atlantic tomcod

(Microgadus tomcod) in the Sainte-Anne River at La

Perade, Quebec. Can. J. Zool. 68:1350-1359. Keywords:

Sainte-Anne River, La Perade, Quebec, reproduction, yearclass strength, young-of-the-year, Atlantic tomcod.

Foster, F.J. 1919. White perch notes and methods of propagation. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 48:160-165. Keywords: propagation, reproduction, adult, white perch.

Fox, L.E. 1991. Phosphorus chemistry in the tidal Hudson

estuary. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55:1529-1538. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, tidal zone, tide, estuary,

phosphorus chemistry, chemistry.

Freadman, M.A. 1979. Swimming energetics of striped bass

(Morone saxatilis) and bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix):

gill ventilation and swimming metabolism. J. Exp. Biol.

83:217-230. Keywords: swimming, energetics, gill ventilation, swimming metabolism, physiology, adult, striped

bass, bluefish.

Fredin, R.A. 1954. Causes of fluctuations in abundance of

Connecticut River shad. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull.

54:247-259. Keywords: Connecticut River, abundance,

adult, American shad.

Fredrick, S.W.; Heffner, R.L.; Packard, A.T.; Eldridge, T.M.;

Eldridge, J.C.; Schumacher, J.G.; Eichorn, K.; Currie, J.;

Richards, J.N.; Boody, O.C., IV. 1976. Notes on phytoplankton distribution in the Hudson River estuary. In:

Boesch, D.F., ed. Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on

Hudson River Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River

Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, phytoplankton, distribution, estuary.

Friedland, K.D.; Garman, G.C.; Bejda, A.J.; Studholme, A.L.;

Olla, B. 1988. Interannual variation in diet and condition

in juvenile bluefish during estuarine residency. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 117:474-479. Keywords: diet variation, food,

feeding, juvenile, estuary, bluefish.

Fritzsche, R.A.; Johnson, G.D. 1980. Early osteological development of white perch and striped bass with emphasis on

identification of their larvae. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 109:387-

406. Keywords: osteology, development, morphology,

identification, larvae, white perch, striped bass.

Funderburk, S.L.; Jordan, S.J.; Mihursky, J.A.; Riley, D., editors. 1991. Habitat requirements for Chesapeake Bay

living resources, Second Edition. Annapolis, MD: Chesapeake Bay Program. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, habitat,

bay anchovy, alewife, blueback herring, American shad,

white perch, striped bass.

Gallagher, R.P.; Conner, J.B. 1983. Comparison of two

ichthyoplankton sampling gears with notes on

microdistribution of fish larvae in a large river. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 112:280-285. Keywords: comparison,

ichthyoplankton, sampling gears, microdistribution, fish

larvae, river.

Gandarillas, E.F.; Brinkhuis, B.H. 1981. Benthic faunal assemblages in the lower bay of New York Harbor. Stony Brook,

NY: SUNY Marine Sciences Research Center; 129 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York Harbor, New York, benthic

fauna, benthos, lower bay.

Gardinier, M.N.; Hoff, T.B. 1982. Diet of striped bass (Morone

saxatilis) in the Hudson River estuary. NY Fish Game J.

29:152-165. Keywords: New York, Hudson River, diet,

estuary, food, feeding, adult, striped bass.

Garside, C.; Malone, T.C.; Roels, O.A.; Sharfstein, B.A. 1976.

An evaluation of sewage derived nutrients and their influence on the Hudson River estuary and the New York

Bight. Estuar. Coastal Mar. Sci. 4:281-289. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York Bight, bight, estuary, sewage,

nutrients.

Garvey, E.A. 1989. The geochemistry of inorganic carbon in

the Hudson estuary. [Ph.D. dissertation.] New York, NY:

Columbia Univ.; 559 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, estuary, geochemistry, inorganic carbon, carbon.

Garvine, R.W. 1985. A simple model of estuarine subtidal

fluctuations forced by local and remote wind stress. J.

Geophys. Res. 90:945-948. Keywords: model, estuary,

subtidal fluctuations, wind.

Gibbons, J.W.; Hook, J.T.; Forney, D.L. 1972. Winter responses

of largemouth bass to heated effluent from a nuclear reactor. Prog. Fish-Cult. 34:88-90. Keywords: winter response,

season, nuclear reactor, temperature effects, adult, largemouth bass.

Gibbs, R.J. 1993. The transport of toxic substances in the

Hudson River estuary. [Final report.] New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River,

toxic, transport.

Giese, G.L.; Barr, J.W. 1967. The Hudson River estuary, a

preliminary investigation of flow and water characteristics. Albany, NY: New York State Water Commission;

Bulletin 61. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary,

flow, water.

Giesel, J.T. 1976. Reproductive strategies as adaptations to

life in temporarily heterogenous environments. Ann. Rev.

Ecol. Syst. 7:57-79. Keywords: reproduction, adaptations,

heterogenous environment.

Giles, R.H., Jr.; Neilsen, L.A. 1992. The uses of geographic

information systems in fisheries. In: Stroud, R.H., ed. Fisheries management and watershed development. Am. Fish.

Soc. Symp. 13:81-94. Keywords: GIS, geographic information system, fisheries, management.

Ginn, T.C. 1977. An ecological investigation of Hudson River

macrozooplankton in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant.

[Ph.D. dissertation.] New York, NY: New York University.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, ecology, investigation, macrozooplankton, nuclear power plant.

Gladden, J.B.; Cantelmo, F.R.; Croom, J.M.; Shapot, R. 1988.

Evaluation of the Hudson River ecosystem in relation to

the dynamics of fish populations. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr.

4:37-52. Keywords: Hudson River, fish community, ecosystem, food chain, invertebrates, wastewater, marshes,

nutrients, loadings.

Goldman, J.C. 1978. Combined toxicity effects of chlorine,

ammonia, and temperature on marine plankton. [Progress
Page 46

report, Nov. 1976-Jan. 1978.] Washington DC: Department of Energy; 6 p. Keywords: toxicity, chlorine, ammonia, temperature, plankton.

Goodyear, C.P. 1985. Relationship between reported commercial landings and abundance of young striped bass in

Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:92-

96. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, juveniles, abundance,

commercial fishery, striped bass.

Gould, K.; Findlay, S. 1991. Changes in interstitial water chemistry along a salinity gradient. In: Blair, E.A.; Waldman,

J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship

Program, 1990, Section II. New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation; 33 p. Keywords: Hudson River, water chemistry, salinity.

Grabe, S.A. 1978. Food and feeding habits of juvenile Atlantic

tomcod, Microgadus tomcod, from Haverstraw Bay,

Hudson River. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 76:89-94. Keywords:

Hudson River, Haverstraw Bay, juvenile, food, feeding,

behavior, Atlantic tomcod.

Grabe, S.A. 1980. Food of age 1 and 2 Atlantic tomcod,

Microgadus tomcod, from Haverstraw Bay, Hudson River,

NY. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 76:89-94. Keywords: Haverstraw

Bay, Hudson River, New York, food, juvenile, age 1, age 2,

young, Atlantic tomcod.

Grabe, S.A.; Schmidt, R.E. 1978. Overlap and diet variations in

feeding habits of Alosa sapidissima juveniles from the

lower Hudson River estuary. Prepared for: Annual meeting, American Fisheries Society, NY Chapter, Marcy, NY.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, Lower Hudson River,

estuary, diet, feeding habits, food, juveniles, American

shad.

Grant, G.C. 1962. Predation by bluefish on young Atlantic

menhaden in Indian River, Delaware. Chesapeake Sci.

3:45-47. Keywords: Indian River, Delaware, predation,

predator, prey, food, feeding, young, Atlantic menhaden,

adult, bluefish.

Grant, G.C. 1974. The age composition of striped bass catches

in Virginia rivers 1967-1971, and a description of the fishery. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 72:193-199. Keywords: Virginia,

rivers, age composition, population, catches, fishes, fishery, adult, striped bass.

Grant, G.C.; Olney, J.E. 1982. Assessment of larval striped

bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), stocks in Maryland

and Virginia waters: Part II. Assessment of spawning activity in major Virginia Rivers. [Final report, segment 2.]

Gloucester, MA: National Marine Fisheries Service; 42 p.

Keywords: Maryland, Virginia, stocks, spawning, rivers,

larval, assessment, report, striped bass.

Greeley, J.R. 1935. Annotated list of fishes occurring in the

watershed. A Biological Survey of the Mohawk-Hudson

Watershed: Supplement to the 24th Annual Report for

1934. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; p. 63-101. Keywords: Mohawk

River, Hudson River, New York, biology, biological survey, watershed.

Greeley, J.R. 1937. Fishes of the area with an annotated list. In:

Moore, E., ed. A biological survey of the lower Hudson

watershed. [Supplemental to 26th Annual Report.] Albany, NY: State of New York Conservation Department; p.

45-103. Keywords: New York Conservation Department,

Hudson River.

Green, D.M. 1982. Population dynamics and management of

largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and chain pickerel (Esox niger) in Dryden Lake, New York. [Ph.D. dissertation.] Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; 149 p. Keywords:

Dryden Lake, New York, population dynamics, management, chain pickerel, adult, largemouth bass.

Green, D.M.; Heidinger, R.C. 1994. Longevity record for largemouth bass. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 14:464-465. Keywords: longevity, age, aging techniques, otolith.

Green, D.M.; Jackson, J. 1991. Characterizations of angler

activity on the Hudson River estuary. In: Blair, E.A.;

Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar

Fellowship Program, 1990, Section VII. New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation; 52 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

fishermen.

Green, D.M.; Landsberger, S.E.; Nack, S.B.; Bunnell, D.; Forney,

J.L. 1993. Abundance and winter distribution of Hudson

River black bass. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson

River Foundation; 49 p. Keywords: Hudson River, abundance, distribution, season, adult, largemouth bass.

Green, D.M.; Nack, S.B.; Bunnell, D.; Forney, J.L. 1989. Identification of black bass spawning and nursery habitats in

the Hudson River estuary. [Final report.] New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation; 52 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

black bass, spawning, nursery, habitat, eggs, nests, fishery, young-of-the-year, adult, largemouth bass.

Green, D.M.; Nack, S.B.; Forney, J.L. 1988. Identification of

black bass spawning and nursery habitats in the Hudson

River estuary. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation; 34 p. Keywords: Hudson River, black bass,

spawning, nursery, habitat, eggs, nests, fishery, youngof-the-year, adult, largemouth bass.

Green, D.M.; Schonhoff, B.J., III; Youngs, W.D. 1984. Population dynamics of largemouth and smallmouth bass in New

York waters. Albany, NY: New York State Department of

Environmental Conservation; 286 p. Keywords: waters,

New York, population, smallmouth bass, adult, largemouth

bass.

Green, D.M.; Schonhoff, B.J., III; Youngs, W.D. 1986. The

New York State bass study, 1977-1980: use of angler collected data to determine population dynamics. Albany,

NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 142 p. Keywords: fishery, angler, population,

smallmouth bass, adult, largemouth bass.

Green, D.M.; Schonhoff, B.J., III; Youngs, W.D. 1988. Evaluation of hooking mortality of smallmouth and largemouth

bass. In: Barnhart, R.H.; Roelofs, T.D., eds. Catch and

Release Fishing, A Decade of Experience. National Sports

Fishing Symposium. Arcata, CA: Humboldt State University. Keywords: mortality, smallmouth bass, adult, fishery, largemouth bass.

Green, D.M.; Stang, D.L.; Klindt, R.M.; Chiotti, T.L.; Miller,

W.W. 1995. Redistribution of black bass resulting from
Page 47

competitive fishing and potential influence on mortality. [Report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 32 p. Keywords: distribution, fishery, mortality, largemouth bass.

Greig, R.A.; McGrath, R. 1977. Trace metals in sediments of

Raritan Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 8:188-192. Keywords:

Raritan Bay, metals, sediments, pollution, contaminant.

Grove, T.L.; Berggren, T.J.; Powers, D.A. 1976. The use of

innate tags to segregate spawning stocks of striped bass,

Morone saxatilis. In: Wiley, M., ed. Estuarine processes.

New York, NY: Academic Press; p. 166-176. Keywords:

tags, mark, spawning, stocks, adult, striped bass.

Hackney, P.A.; Webb, J.C. 1978. A method for determining

growth and mortality rates of ichthyoplankton. In: Jensen,

L.E., ed. Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and

Impingement. Melville, NY: EA Communications; p. 115-

124. Keywords: growth, mortality, ichthyoplankton.

Hatrack, R.L. 1983. Estuarine fishes. In: Ketchup, B.H., ed.

Estuaries and enclosed seas: ecosystems of the world 26.

New York, NY: Elsevier; p. 183-207. Keywords: estuary,

fishes.

Haley, N.J. 1999. Habitat characteristics and resource use

patterns of sympatric sturgeons in the Hudson River estuary. [M.S. thesis.] Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts; 124 p. Keywords: habitat, estuary, salinity, Atlantic sturgeon, shortnose sturgeon.

Hall, J.W.; Smith, T.I.J.; Lamprecht, S.D. 1991. Movements

and habitats of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser

brevirostrum, in the Savannah River. Copeia 1991:695-

702. Keywords: Savannah River, movements, habitat, adult,

shortnose sturgeon.

Hall, L.W., Jr.; Fischer, S.A.; Killen, W.D.; Zeigenfuss, M.C.;

Anderson, R.D.; Klauda, R.J. 1993. Assessing the relationship between critical acidic conditions in Maryland

coastal plain streams and predicted mortality of early life

stages of migratory fish. Aquat. Toxicol. 26:239-272. Keywords: Maryland, habitat, mortality, acid, egg, larva, white

perch, blueback herring, alewife.

Hamer, P.E. 1959. Age and growth studies of the bluefish

(Pomatomus saltatrix Linnaeus) of the New York Bight.

[M.S. thesis.] New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University.

Keywords: New York Bight, New York, age, growth, adult,

young, bluefish.

Hamilton, A.; Schmidt, R.E. 1993. Significance of the fishes

collected by gill net in the Tivoli South Bay ecosystem.

In: Waldman, J.R.; Blair, E.A., eds. Final reports of the

1992 Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, Section IX. New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 16 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, Tivoli South Bay, tidal, freshwater, marsh

habitat, water-chestnut beds, fish sampling, gill net, adult,

largemouth bass.

Hammond, D.E. 1975. Dissolved gases and kinetic processes

in the Hudson River estuary. [Ph.D. dissertation.] New

York, NY: Columbia University. Keywords: Hudson River,

nutrients, loadings.

Hankin, N.; Schmidt, R.E. 1992. Standing crop of fishes in

water celery beds in the tidal Hudson River estuary. In:

Waldman, J.R.; Blair, E.A., eds. Final reports of the Tibor

T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1991. New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation; 21 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

estuary, tidal, tide, population, sampling, water celery bed,

adult, white perch, alewife, blueback herring.

Hardy, J.D. 1978. Morone americana (Gmelin), white perch.

In: Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. U.S.

Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/OBS-78/12, v. 3:71-85. Keywords:

adult, white perch.

Hardy, J.D. 1978. Morone saxatilis, striped bass. In: Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. U.S. Fish. Wildl.

Serv. FWS/OBS-78/12, v. 3:86-105. Keywords: adult, striped

bass.

Hardy, J.D., Jr.; Hudson, L.L. 1975. Descriptions of the eggs

and juveniles of the Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod. Chesapeake Biol. Lab. Ref. 75-11; 14 p. Keywords:

eggs, juveniles, Atlantic tomcod.

Hare, J. [year unknown.] Processes involved in the survival

and subsequent recruitment of bluefish early life history

stages (Pomatomus saltatrix). New York, NY: Hudson

River Foundation. Keywords: recruitment, survival, life

history, larvae, larval transport, estuary, bluefish.

Harper, J.L.; Jarman, R. 1972. Investigation of striped bass,

Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum), culture in Oklahoma. In:

Proceedings, 25th Annual Conference of Southeastern

Assoc. Game and Fish Comm. 1971; 510-512. Keywords:

Oklahoma, adult, striped bass.

Hart, J.; Wirgin, I. 1994. Characterization of mitochondrial

DNA genotypes in Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser

oxyrhynchus) from the Hudson River: the extent of spatial

and temporal heterogeneity. In: Waldman, J.R.; Blair, E.A.,

eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1993. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary, mitochondria, DNA, genotypes, spatial heterogeneity, temporal

heterogeneity, heterogeneity, adult, Atlantic sturgeon.

Hassler, W.W.; Trent, W.L.: Florence, B.J. 1966. The status

and abundance of the striped bass in the Roanoke River,

North Carolina, for 1965. [Report.] Raleigh, NC: North

Carolina Dept. of Conservation and Development of Commercial Sport Fishing; 52 p. Keywords: Roanoke River,

North Carolina, status, abundance, adult, striped bass.

Hattala, K.; Kahnle, A.; Liebig, P. 1993. Annual assessment of

the striped bass spawning stock in the Hudson River

estuary. In: Abstracts, Striped Bass Study Workshop,

1993. Washington, DC: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries

Commission. Keywords: Hudson River, spawning, adult,

striped bass.

Hatton, S.R. 1941. Feeding habits of the striped bass and

shad. Calif. Conservationist 6:11-22. Keywords: feeding, food, behavior, adult, striped bass, American shad.

Haynes, J.M.; Frisch, N.J. 1993. Illustrated Guide to Hudson

River Fishes. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation;

114 p. Keywords: Hudson River, key to species, species

identification, adult, Atlantic sturgeon, shortnose sturgeon, alewife, blueback herring, American shad, Atlantic
Page 48

tomcod, bay anchovy, bluefish, striped bass, white perch,

largemouth bass.

Hazen, R.E.; Kneip, T.J. 1980. Biogeochemical cycling of cadmium in a marsh ecosystem. In: Nriagu, J.O., ed. Cadmium in the environment: Part I. Ecological cycling. New

York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; p. 399-424. Keywords:

Biogeochemical cycling, chemistry, cadmium, marsh, ecosystem.

Heffner, R.L. 1973. Phytoplankton community dynamics in the

Hudson River estuary between mile points 39 and 77. In:

Proceedings of 3rd Symposium of Hudson River Ecology.

New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary, phytoplankton, community dynamics.

Heidinger, R.C. 1975. Life history and biology of the largemouth bass. In: Stroud, R.H.; Clepper, H., eds. Black bass

biology and management. Washington, DC: Sports Fishing Institute; p. 11-20. Keywords: life history, management, biology, adult, largemouth bass.

Heidinger, R.C. 1976. Synopsis of biological data on the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FAO Fish. Syn. 115; 85

p. Keywords: biology, data, adult, largemouth bass.

Heimbuch, D.G.; Dunning, D.J.; Young, J.R. 1992. Post-yolksac larvae abundance as an index of year class strength of

striped bass in the Hudson River. In: Smith, C.L., ed.

Estuarine Research in the 1980s: Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p

376-391. Keywords: Hudson River, post-yolk-sac larvae,

larvae abundance, index, year class strength, striped bass.

Heinle, D.R.; Flemer, D.A.; Ustach, J.F. 1977. Contribution of

tidal marshlands to mid-Atlantic estuarine food chains.

In: Estuarine process: Vol. II. Circulation, sediments, and

transfer of material in the estuary. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc.; p. 309-320. Keywords: Atlantic Ocean,

estuary, tidal marsh, tide, food chain.

Henderson, P.A. 1987. The vertical and transverse distribution of larval herring in the Blackwater River estuary, Essex.

J. Fish Biol. 31:281-290. Keywords: Blackwater River,

vertical, transverse, distribution, larvae, blueback herring.

Hetling, L.; Bureau of Water Research. 1978. Summary of

Hudson River PCB study results. Albany, NY: New York

State Department of Environmental Conservation Technical Paper 51; 88 p. Keywords: Hudson River, PCBs,

sediment, water quality, adult, striped bass.

Hetling, L.J. 1976. An analysis of past, present and future

Hudson River wastewater loadings. In: Hudson River

Ecology, 4th Symposium. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River

Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, wastewater, loadings.

Hetling, L.J.; Horn, E.; Tofflemire, T.J. 1978. Summary of Hudson

River PCB study results. Albany, NY: NY: New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation Technical

Paper 52; 88 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, PCB,

contaminant, study results.

Hetling, L.J.; Tofflemire, T.J.; Horn, E.G.; Thomas, R.; Mt.

Plaesant, R. 1979. The Hudson River PCB problem: Management alternatives. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 320:630-650.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, PCB, contaminant,

pollution, management, alternatives.

Hildebrand, S.F. 1943. A review of the American anchovies

(Family Engraulidae). Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll.

Yale Univ. 8:1-165. Keywords: anchovy.

Hildebrand, S.F. 1963. Family Clupeidae. In: Fishes of the

western North Atlantic. Sears Found. Mar. Res. Mem. 1,

Part 1; p. 227-238; 397-442; 452-454. Keywords: Clupeidae.

Hildebrand, S.F. 1963. Family Engraulidae. In: Fishes of the

western North Atlantic. Sears Found. Mar. Res. Mem. 1,

Part 1; p. 152-249. Keywords: anchovy.

Hildebrand, S.F.; Cable, L.E. 1930. Development and life history of fourteen fishes at Beaufort, NC. U.S. Fish Wildl.

Serv. Fish. Bull. 46:383-488. Keywords: Beaufort, North

Carolina, development, life history.

Hildebrand, S.F.; Schroeder, W.C. 1928. Fishes of Chesapeake

Bay. U.S. Fish. Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 42(1926):77-85.

Keywords: Chesapeake Bay.

Himchak, P.; Carlson, J.; Tilton, R.; Andrews, W.D. 1984. Inventory of the fishery resources of the Hudson River

from Bayonne to Piermont. [Final report.] Trenton, NJ:

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection; 142

p. Keywords: Hudson River, Bayonne, Piermont, New

York, inventory, fishes, fishery resources.

Hinton, D.E.; Klaunig, J.E.; Lipsky, M.M. 1978. PCB-induced

alterations in teleost liver: a model for environmental disease in fish. Mar. Fish. Rev. 40:47-50. Keywords: PCB,

toxic, teleost liver, model, environment, disease.

Hirschberg, D.J.; Bokuniewicz, H.J. 1991. Measurements of

water temperature, salinity, and suspended sediment concentrations along the axis of the Hudson River estuary

1980-1981. Stony Brook, NY: SUNY Marine Sciences Research Center Special Data Report No. 11. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, estuary, water temperature, salinity, suspended sediments, 1980, 1981.

Hirschberg, D.J.; Chin, P.; Feng, H.; Cochran, J.K. 1996. Dynamics of sediment and contaminant transport in the

Hudson River estuary: evidence from sediment distributions of naturally occurring radionuclides. Estuaries

19:175-193. Keywords: Hudson River, sediment, contaminant, radionuclide.

Hjorth, D.A. 1988. Feeding selection of larval striped bass and

white perch in the Peekskill region of the Hudson River.

In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 171-

179. Keywords: Hudson River, Peekskill, predation, prey

selection, food, feeding, larvae, striped bass, white perch.

Hoagman, W.J.; Merriner, J.V.; St. Pierre, R.; Wilson, W.L. 1973.

Biology and management of river herring and shad in

Virginia. [Completion report.] Gloucester Pt., VA: Virginia

Institute of Marine Science. Keywords: Virginia, biology,

management, adult, blueback herring, American shad.
Page 49

Hoff, J.G. 1979. Annotated bibliography and subject index on

the shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum. NOAA

Tech. Rep. NMFS SSRF-731; 16 p. Keywords: bibliography, index, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Hoff, J.G. 1980. Review of the present status of the stocks of

the Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus, Mitchill.

Gloucester, MA: National Marine Fisheries Service; 136

p. Keywords: stocks, population, status, review, adult,

Atlantic sturgeon.

Hoff, T.B.; McLaren, B.; Cooper, J.C. 1988. Stock characteristics of Hudson River striped bass. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr.

4:59-68. Keywords: Hudson River, stock, population,

adult, striped bass.

Hoff, T.B.; Klauda, R.J. 1979. Data on shortnose sturgeon

(Acipenser brevirostrum) collected incidentally from 1969

through 1977 in sampling programs conducted for the

Hudson River Ecological Study. Prepared for: workshop

of shortnose sturgeon recovery team, Danvers, MA.

Buchanan, NY: Texas Instruments; 31 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, ecology, sampling, distribution,

catch, estuary, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975,

1976, 1977, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Hoff, T.B.; Klauda, R.J. 1979. Distribution and some life history aspects of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser

brevirostrum) in Lower Hudson River estuary. Prepared

for: workshop of shortnose sturgeon recovery team,

Danvers, MA. Buchanan, NY: Texas Instruments; 31 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, life history, ecology,

sampling, distribution, catch, estuary, 1969, 1970, 1971,

1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Hoff, T.B.; Klauda, R.J.; Belding, B.S. 1977. Data on incidental

catch and distribution of shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser

brevirostrum) in the Hudson River estuary, 1969 through

1977. [Report.] Buchanan, NY: Texas Instruments; 21 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, distribution, catch,

estuary, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977,

adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Hoff, T.B.; Klauda, R.J.; Belding, B.S. 1977. Incidental catch

and distribution of shortnose sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon in the Hudson River estuary, 1969 through 1977.

Prepared for: workshop of shortnose sturgeon recovery

team, Philadelphia, PA. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, distribution, catch, estuary, workshop, recovery team,

1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, adult,

shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Hoff, T.B.; Klauda, R.J.; Young, J.R. 1988. Contribution to the

biology of shortnose sturgeon in the Hudson River. In:

Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 171-

179. Keywords: Hudson River, distribution, larva, juvenile, adult, shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Hogan, T.M.; Williams, B.S. 1976. Occurrence of the gill parasite, Ergasilus labracis, on striped bass, white perch and

tomcod in the Hudson River. NY Fish Game J. 23:97.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, gill parasite, adult,

striped bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Holland, L.E. 1986. Effects of barge traffic on distribution and

survival of ichthyoplankton and small fishes in the upper

Mississippi River. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 115:162-165.

Keywords: Upper Mississippi River, Mississippi River,

barge traffic, river traffic, distribution, survival,

ichthyoplankton, small fish.

Hollis, E.H. 1948. The homing tendency of shad. Science

108(2804):332-333. Keywords: homing, migration, shad.

Hollis, E.H. 1952. Variations in the feeding habits of the striped

bass, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum), in Chesapeake Bay.

Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. Yale Univ. 14:111-131.

Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, food, feeding habits, adult,

striped bass.

Hollis, E.H. 1967. Investigation of striped bass in Maryland.

[Report.] Annapolis, MD: Maryland Department of Game

and Inland Fish; 96 p. Keywords: Maryland, adult, striped

bass.

Holsapple, J.G.; Foster, L.E. 1975. Reproduction of white perch

in the lower Hudson River. NY Fish Game J. 22:122-127.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, lower Hudson River,

reproduction, adult, white perch.

Hopkins, D.; Green, D.M. 1989. Evaluation of potential sources

of recruitment of largemouth bass to the Hudson River.

In: Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the

Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1988, Section VIII.

New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 28 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, recruitment, estuary, juvenile, adult, largemouth bass.

Horn, E.G.; Hetling, L.J.; Tofflemire, T.J. 1979. The problem of

PCBs in the Hudson River system. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.

320:591-609. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary, river, bay, contaminant, pollution, PCB.

Hoss D.E.; Coston, L.C.; Schaaf, W.E. 1974. Effects of sea

water extracts of sediments from Charleston Harbor, SC,

on larval estuarine fishes. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 2:323-

328. Keywords: Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, sea

water, sediment, larvae, estuary, estuarine fishes.

Hoss, D.E.; Hettler, W.F.; Coston, L.C. 1974. Effects of thermal

shock on larval estuarine fish: ecological implications with

respect to entrainment in power plant cooling systems.

In: Blaxter, J.H.S., ed. The early life history of fish: proceedings of an international symposium, Dunstaffnage

Marine Research Laboratory, Oban, Scotland, 1973. New

York, NY: Springer-Verlag; p. 357-371. Keywords: temperature, thermal shock, larvae, estuary, estuarine fish,

ecology, entrainment, power plant, cooling systems, life

history.

Hoss, D.E.; Thayer, G.W. 1993. The importance of habitat to

the early life history of estuarine dependent fishes. Am.

Fish. Soc. Symp. 14:147-158. Keywords: habitat, early life

history, estuary.

Houser, A.; Rainwater, W.C. 1975. Relation of physical and

biological variables to black bass crops. In: Stroud, R.H.;
Page 50

Clepper, H., eds. Black bass biology and management.

Washington, DC: Sports Fishing Institute. Keywords:

physical factors, biology, black bass, crops, population,

adult, largemouth bass.

Howarth, R.W.; Fruci, J.R.; Sherman, D. 1991. Inputs of sediment and carbon to an estuarine ecosystem: Influence of

land use. Ecol. Applications 1:27-39. Keywords: sediment, carbon, ecosystem, estuary, ecology.

Howarth, R.W.; Marino, R.; Garritt, R.; Sherman. D. 1992. Ecosystem respiration and organic carbon processing in a

large, tidally influenced river: the Hudson River. Biogeochemistry 16:83-102. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, ecosystem, respiration, organic carbon, tidal, tide.

Howe, A.B. 1971. Biological investigations of the Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum), in the Weweantic River

estuary, Massachusetts, 1967. [M.S. thesis.] Amherst, MA:

University of Massachusetts; 82 p. Keywords: Weweantic

River, Massachusetts, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Howells, G.; Weaver, S. 1969. Studies on phytoplankton at

Indian Point. In: Hudson River Ecology, Proceedings of

symposium at Sterling Forest, NY. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, Indian Point, phytoplankton.

Howells, G.P. 1972. The estuary of the Hudson River, United

States of America. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. BBiol. Sci. 180:521-

534. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary.

Hoyt, R.D., editor. 1991. Larval fish recruitment and research

in the Americas: 13th Annual Larval Fish Conference;

Merida, Mexico; May 1989. NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 95;

137 p. Keywords: recruitment, feeding larva, juvenile, distribution, migration.

Hudson River Environmental Society, Inc. 1994. Who’s doing

what: a guide to Hudson River research, monitoring, informational programs: Report from conference at Marist

College, New York, March 1994. New Paltz, NY: Hudson

River Environmental Society. Keywords: ###

Hudson River Estuary Management Program. 1994. Hudson

River estuary management plan: final generic environmental impact statement. Albany, NY: New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation; 156 p. Keywords: Hudson River, habitat management.

Hudson River Valley Greenway Council. 1991. A Hudson

River Greenway: A Report to Governor Cuomo and the

New York State Legislature. Albany, NY: New York State

Office of General Service. Keywords: Hudson River.

Huff, J.A. 1975. Life history of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon,

Acipenser oxyrhynchus desotoi in Suwanee River, Florida.

Florida Marine Resources Publication 16; 32 p. Keywords: Suwanee River, Florida, life history, sturgeon subspecies, Gulf of Mexico sturgeon.

Humphries, E.T. 1971. Culture of striped bass (Morone

saxatilis, Walbaum) fingerlings in Virginia. [Ph.D. dissertation.] Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and

State University; 77 p. Keywords: Virginia, culture, fingerlings, young, striped bass.

Humphries, E.T.; Cummings, K.B. 1973. An evaluation of

striped bass fingerling culture. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

102:13-20. Keywords: evaluation, young, fingerlings, culture, fish, ecology, striped bass.

Hunkins, K. 1981. Salt dispersion in the Hudson estuary. J.

Phys. Oceanogr. 11:729-738. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, estuary, salinity, salt dispersion.

Hutchinson, B.P. 1971. The effects of fish predation on the

zooplankton of ten Adirondack lakes with particular reference to the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 100:325-335. Keywords: Adirondack Park,

Adirondack Lakes, New York, fish predation, zooplankton, lake, adult, alewife.

Hutchison, J.B., Jr. 1988. Technical descriptions of Hudson

River electricity generating stations. Am. Fish. Soc.

Monogr. 4:113-120. Keywords: Hudson River, New York,

power plants.

Hydroscience, Inc. 1979. Analysis of the fate of PCBs in the

ecosystem of the Hudson River: Report to the New York

State Department of Environmental Conservation.

Westwood, NJ: Hydroscience, Inc. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, analysis, PCBs, ecosystem.

Ishibashi, N. 1974. Feeding, starvation, and weight changes

of early fish larvae. In: Blaxter, J.H.S., ed. The early life

history of fish. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 339-344.

Keywords: feeding, starvation, weight, larvae, life history.

Jackson, L.F. 1992. Reproduction in the white perch (Morone

americana): the annual gametogenic cycle. [M.S. thesis.]

Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University. Keywords:

reproduction, annual cycle, gametogenic cycle, adult,

white perch.

Jacobs, R.P.; Crecco, V.A. 1980. Age and growth of larval and

juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) utilizing daily

growth increments of otoliths. Prepared for: 36th Annual Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference, Ellenville,

NY. Keywords: larvae, juvenile, age, growth, otolith,

American shad.

Jessop, B.M. 1985. Influence of mesh composition, velocity,

and run time on the catch and length composition of juvenile alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) collected by pushnet. Can. J. Fish.

Aquat. Sci. 42:1928-1939. Keywords: fishery, catch, length,

juvenile, pushnet, adult, alewife, blueback herring.

Johnson, H.B.; Stevens, H.W.; Hassler, W.W. 1979. Cooperative management program for Albemarle Sound-Roanoke

River striped bass. [Annual progress report.] Morehead

City, NC: North Carolina Department of Natural. Resources.

Keywords: Albemarle Sound, Roanoke River, management, adult, striped bass.

Johnson, R.K.; Koo, T.S.Y. 1975. Production and distribution

of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) eggs in Chesapeake

and Delaware Canal. Chesapeake Sci. 16:39-55. Keywords: Chesapeake Canal, Delaware Canal, Delaware River,

canal, production, distribution, eggs, striped bass.

Jones, E. M. 1972 Characteristics of black bass in northeastern United States Am. Fish Cult. 3:27-29. Keywords:

Northeastern United States, characteristics, largemouth

bass.
Page 51

Jones, J.B. 1992. Environmental impact of trawling on the

seabed: a review. NZ J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 26:59-67.

Keywords: environmental, impact, trawling, seabed, review.

Juanes, F. 1992. The advantages of advection: recruitment,

piscivory, growth and consumption of young-of-the-year

bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). [Ph.D. dissertation.]

Stony Brook, NY: State University of New York. Keywords: advection, recruitment, piscivory, growth, consumption, young-of-the-year, bluefish.

Juanes, F.; Buckel, J.A.; Conover, D.O. 1994. Accelerating the

onset of piscivory: intersection of predator and prey phonologies. J. Fish Biol. 45(Sup. A):41-54. Keywords: Great

South Bay, Hudson River, piscivory, predator, prey, feeding, phenology, adult, bluefish.

Juanes, F.; Conover, D.O. 1994. Piscivory and prey size selection in young-of-the-year bluefish: predator preference or

size dependent capture success? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

114:59-69. Keywords: piscivory, prey, predator, young-ofthe-year, size dependent, food, feeding, bluefish.

Juanes, F.; Conover, D.O. 1994. Rapid growth, high feeding

rates, and early piscivory in young-of-the-year bluefish

(Pomatomus saltatrix). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51:1752-

1661. Keywords: Great South Bay, Long Island, growth,

feeding rate, piscivory, predation, young-of-the-year, bluefish.

Juanes, F.; Marks, R.E.; McKown, K.; Conover, D.O. 1993.

Predation by age-0 bluefish on age-0 anadromous fishes

in the Hudson River estuary. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 122:348-

356. Keywords: Hudson River, predation, predator,

piscivory, age-0, anadromy, anadromous, adult, bluefish,

Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy.

Kahnle, A.; Hattala, K.; McKown, K. 1992. Proposed New

York State Atlantic sturgeon regulations. Stony Brook,

NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 21 p. Keywords: management, adult, Atlantic

sturgeon.

Katz, H.M. 1978. Circadian rhythms in juvenile American

shad, Alosa sapidissima. J. Fish Biol. 12:609-614. Keywords: circadian rhythms, biological clock, juvenile,

American shad.

Keast, A.; Eadie, J. 1985. Growth depensation in year-0 largemouth bass: the influence of diet. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

114:204-213. Keywords: growth, year-0, young, food, diet,

largemouth bass.

Keiser, R.K., Jr.; Klauda, R.J. 1987. Users guide to the Hudson

River database, Volume I – Overview. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 114 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, database, hydrography, survey, environment.

Kellog, R.L.; Salermo, J.J.; Latimer, D.L. 1978. Effects of acute

and chronic thermal exposure on the eggs of three Hudson

River anadromous fishes. In: Thorpe, J.H.; Gibbons, J.W.,

eds. Energy and environmental stress in aquatic systems. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy Technical Information Service. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, thermal exposure, temperature, anadromous fish,

eggs, estuary.

Kelly, K. 1994. Fish habitat: who’s minding the store? National Fisherman October:14-16, 72. Keywords: habitat

management, NOAA, NMFS.

Kendall, A.W., Jr.; Walford, L.A. 1979. Sources and distribution of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, larvae and juveniles off the east coast of the United States. Fish. Bull.

(U.S.) 77:213-227. Keywords: Atlantic Ocean, United

States, east coast, source, distribution, larva, juvenile, bluefish.

Kernehan, R.J.; Headrick, M.R.; Smith, R.E. 1981. Early life

history of striped bass in the Chesapeake and Delaware

Canal and vicinity. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110:137-150.

Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, Chesapeake Canal, Delaware

River, Delaware Canal, early life history, egg, larva, striped

bass.

Ketchum, B.H. 1969. Eutrophication in estuaries. In: Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, Correctives: Proceedings of the

Symposium. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences; p. 262-267. Keywords: estuary, eutrophication.

Kim, W.S. 1993. Zooplankton community effects on the phytoplankton community in Long Island bays. [Ph.D. dissertation.] Stony Brook, NY: SUNY Marine Sciences Research Center; 242 p. Keywords: Long Island Sound,

New York, zooplankton, phytoplankton, community.

King, L.R.; Hutchison, J.B., Jr.; Huggins, T.G. 1978. Impingement survival studies on white perch, striped bass, and

Atlantic tomcod at three Hudson River power plants. In:

Jensen, L.D., ed. 4th National Workshop on Entrainment

and Impingement. Melville, NY: EA Communications.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, impingement, survival, power plants, juvenile, egg, larva, juvenile, adult,

striped bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Kinsey, D. 1980. Endangered and threatened species of New

Jersey. [Report.] Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of

Environmental Protection; 40 p. Keywords: New Jersey,

adult, habitat, conservation, shortnose sturgeon.

Kissil, G.W. 1974. Spawning of the anadromous alewife, Alosa

pseudoharengus, in Bride Lake, Connecticut. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 103:312-317. Keywords: Bride Lake, Connecticut, spawning, anadromous, adult, alewife.

Kiviat, E. 1973. A freshwater tidal marsh on the Hudson Tivoli

North Bay. In: Proceedings of 3rd Symposium of Hudson

River Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, Tivoli North

Bay, New York, freshwater, tidal marsh, tide.

Kiviat, E. 1979. Hudson estuary shore zone: ecology and

management. [M.S. thesis.] New Paltz, NY: State University of New York; 159 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, estuary, shore zone, ecology, management.

Kiviat, E.; Stevens, G. 1995. Manual for identifying biodiversity

resources in the Hudson River Valley Greenway corridor.

[Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation;

53 p. Keywords: Hudson River, biodiversity.

Klauda, R.; Dey, W.P.; Hoff, T.P.; McLaren, J.B.; Ross, Q.E.

1980. Biology of juvenile Hudson River striped bass.

Mar. Rec. Fish. 5:101-123. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, biology, juvenile, striped bass.
Page 52

Klauda, R.J. 1994. Lethal and critical effects thresholds for

American shad eggs and larvae exposed to acid and aluminum in the laboratory, with speculation on the potential

role of habitat acidification on stock status in Maryland.

In: Cooper, J.E.; Eades, R.T.; Klauda, R.J.; Loesch, J.G.,

editors. Proceedings of the Anadromous Alosa Symposium. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society; p. 7-39.

Keywords: Maryland, egg, larva, habitat, acid, aluminum,

stock, American shad.

Klauda, R.J.; Barnthouse, L.W.; Vaughan, D.S. 1988. What we

learned about the Hudson River: journey toward an elusive destination. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:316-328. Keywords: Hudson River, New York.

Klauda, R.J.; Fischer, S.J.; Hall, L.W.; Jr.; Sullivan, J.A. 1991.

Alewife and blueback herring. In: Funderburk, S.L;

Mihursky, J.A.; Jordan, S.J.; Riley, D., eds. Habitat requirements for Chesapeake Bay living resources. Annapolis, MD: Chesapeake Bay Program Living Resources Subcommittee. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, anadromous, egg,

habitat, juvenile, larva, life history, spawning, alewife,

blueback herring.

Klauda, R.J.; McLaren, J.B.; Schmidt, R.E.; Dey, W.P. 1988.

Life history of white perch in the Hudson River estuary.

Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:69-88. Keywords: Hudson River,

distribution, egg, larvae, juvenile, adult, fecundity, mortality, abundance, white perch.

Klauda, R.J.; Moos, R.E.; Schmidt, R.E. 1988. Life history of

the Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod, in the Hudson

River estuary, with emphasis on spatio-temporal distribution and movements. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research

in the Hudson River. Albany, NY: State University of New

York Press; p. 219-251. Keywords: Hudson River, larva, juvenile, adult, movement, distribution, Atlantic tomcod.

Klauda, R.J.; Muessig, P.H.; Matousek, J.A. 1988. Fisheries

data sets compiled by utility-sponsored research in the

Hudson River estuary. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River. Albany, NY: State University

of New York Press; p. 7-85. Keywords: Hudson River,

distribution, fish community, surveys, stocking, power

plants.

Klauda, R.J.; Nittel, M.; Campbell, K.P. 1976. The commercial

fishery for American shad in the Hudson River: fishing

effort and stock abundance trends. In: Proceedings of a

workshop on American shad. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; p. 107-134. Keywords: Hudson

River, fishery, commercial, fishing, abundance, stocking,

adult, American shad.

Klauda, R.J.; Peck, T.H.; Rice, G.K. 1981. Accumulation of

polychlorinated biphenyls in Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus

tomcod) collected form the Hudson River estuary, NY.

Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27:829-835. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls, estuary, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Kneip, T.J.; Howells, G.P.; Wrenn, M.E. 1969. Trace elements,

radionuclides, and pesticide residues in the Hudson River.

In: Howell, G.P.; Lauer, G.J., eds. Hudson River Ecology:

Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York,

trace elements, radionuclides, pesticide.

Knutson, A.B.; Klerks, P.L.; Levinton, J.S. 1987. The fate of

metal contaminated sediments in Foundry Cove, New York.

Environ. Pollut. 45:291-304. Keywords: Hudson River,

Foundry Cove, New York, metal, contaminant, sediment,

cadmium, nickel, cobalt.

Koepp, S.J.; Santoro, E.D.; DiNardo, G. 1988. Heavy metals in

finfish and selected macroinvertebrates of the lower

Hudson River estuary. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River. Albany, NY: State University

of New York Press; p. 273-286. Keywords: Hudson River,

contaminants, benthos, fish community.

Kohlenstein, L.C. 1981. On the proportion of the Chesapeake

Bay stock of striped bass that migrates into the coastal

fishery. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110:168-179. Keywords:

Chesapeake Bay, stock, population, coastal fishery, migration, adult, striped bass.

Koo, T.S.Y. 1970. The striped bass fishery in the Atlantic

states. Chesapeake Sci. 11:73-93. Keywords: Western

Atlantic, fishery, adult, striped bass.

Koo, T.S.Y.; Ritchie, D.E., Jr. 1973. Growth of juvenile striped

bass, Morone saxatilis, as determined by tagging and

recapture. In: Pacheco, A.L., ed. Proceedings of a workshop on egg, larval and juvenile stages of fish in Atlantic

coast estuaries. Highlands, NJ: NOAA/NMFS Sandy

Hook Lab. Tech. Series Rep. 1, p. 124-125. Keywords:

growth, juvenile, tagging, mark and recapture, striped bass.

Kramer, R.H.; Smith, L.L., Jr. 1962. Formation of year class in

largemouth bass. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 89:222-223. Keywords: year class, young, adult, largemouth bass.

Kraus, M.L.; Bragin, A.B. 1990. Utilization of the Hackensack

River by the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod). Bull.

NJ Acad. Sci. 35:25-27. Keywords: Hackensack River,

New Jersey, population, distribution, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Kretser, W. 1973. Aspects of striped bass larvae, Morone

saxatilis, captured in Hudson River near Cornwall, NY,

April-August, 1968. New York, NY: Consolidated Edison

Company. Keywords: Hudson River, Cornwall, New York,

larvae, food, morphology, striped bass.

Krouse, J.S. 1968. Effects of dissolved oxygen, temperature,

and salinity on survival of young striped bass, Roccus

saxatilis (Walbaum). [M.S. thesis.] Orono, ME: University of Maine; 61 p. Keywords: Hudson River, young,

dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, survival, striped

bass.

Kuntz, A. 1914. The embryology and larval development of

Bairdiella chrysoura and Anchoa mitchilli. U.S. Fish

Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 33:1-19. Keywords: embryology,

development, eggs, larva, bay anchovy.

Lake, T.R. 1994. Observations and opinions of Hudson River

commercial fishermen. [Report.] New York, NY: Hudson

River Foundation; 9 p. Keywords: Hudson River, chlorine, wastewater, fishery, commercial, fishermen, adult,

American shad, alewife.
Page 53

Langton, R.W.; Steneck, R.S.; Gotceitas, V.; Juanes, F.; Lawton,

P. 1994. The interface between fisheries research and

habitat management. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 16(1):1-7.

Keywords: habitat management, fishery.

Langton, R.W.; Watling; L. 1990. The fish-benthos connection: a definition of prey groups in the Gulf of Maine. In:

Barnes, M.; Gibson, R.N., eds. Trophic relationships in

the marine environment. Aberdeen, UK: Aberdeen University Press; p. 424-438. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, Maine,

fish, benthos, prey, predation, ecology.

Largier, J.L. 1992. Tidal intrusion fronts. Estuaries 15:26-39.

Keywords: tidal, tides, intrusion fronts, estuary.

Largier, J.L. 1993. Estuarine fronts: How important are they?

Estuaries 16:1-11. Keywords: estuarine fronts, estuary.

Lassiter, R.R. 1962. Life history aspects of the bluefish,

Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus), from the coast of North

Carolina. [M.S. thesis.] Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State

University. Keywords: North Carolina, life history, coast,

coastal waters, adult, bluefish.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1975. Report on development of a real-time, two dimensional model of the

Hudson River striped bass population. New York, NY:

Consolidated Edison Co.; 122 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, development, model, population, adult, striped

bass.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1976. 1976 Roseton

intake avoidance study - preliminary report on an evaluation of intake avoidance as a function of size for white

perch. Poughkeepsie, NY: Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp. Keywords: Roseton, intake avoidance, study,

power plant, body size, larva, juvenile, adult, white perch.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1977. Influence of

Indian Point Unit 2 and other steam electric generating

plants on the Hudson River estuary with emphasis on

striped bass and other fish populations - Supplement 1.

New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Co. Keywords: Indian Point, Hudson River, New York, Unit 2, steam electric

plants, power plants, estuary, fish population, egg, larva,

juvenile, adult, striped bass.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1977. Roseton - fish

migration route study evaluation of river cross-sectional

distribution patterns of fish larvae and fish eggs.

Poughkeepsie, NY: Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, Roseton, fish, migration, distribution, eggs, ecology.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1977. Roseton/

Danskammer - viability studies of impinged Atlantic tomcod – 1974 – 1975. Poughkeepsie, NY: Central Hudson

Gas and Electric Corp. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, Roseton, Danskammer, viability study, impingement,

1974, 1975, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1978. Mitigation of

impingement impact at Hudson River power plants. New

York, NY: Consolidated Edison Co.; 14 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, power plant, impingement, entrainment,

egg, larva, juvenile, striped bass, white perch, Atlantic

tomcod.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1981. Report on 1976

and 1977 data analyses and application of life cycle models of the Hudson River striped bass population. New

York, NY: Consolidated Edison Co. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, 1976, 1977, population, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1982. 1981 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Hudson

River, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1982. 1981 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1983. 1982 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: power

plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length, population,

white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy,

blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1983. 1982 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1984. 1983 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: power

plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length, population,

white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy,

blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1984. 1983 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1985. 1984 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: power

plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length, population,

white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy,

blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1985. 1984 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1986. 1985 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: power
Page 54

plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length, population,

white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy,

blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1986. 1985 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1987. 1986 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: power

plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length, population,

white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy,

blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1987. 1986 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1988. 1987 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: power

plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length, population,

white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy,

blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1988. 1987 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1989. 1986-1987 year

class report for the Hudson River Estuary Monitoring

Program, Vols. I-II. New York, NY: Consolidated Edison

Co. Keywords: Hudson River, ecology, biology, power

plant, entrainment, impingement, egg, larva, juvenile, adult,

striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, white perch.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1989. 1988 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: power

plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length, population,

white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy,

blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1989. 1988 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1990. 1989 impingement studies at the Lovett Generating Station. Pearl River,

NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: power

plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length, population,

white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy,

blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1990. 1989 impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Keywords: Bowline Point, power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, length,

population, white perch, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod,

bay anchovy, blueback herring, alewife.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1992. 1990 year class

report for the Hudson River Estuary Monitoring Program.

New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Co.; 152 p. Keywords: Hudson River, year class, adult, Atlantic sturgeon.

Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Engineers. 1992. 1991 Impingement studies at the Bowline Point Generating Station. Pearl

River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities. Hudson River,

power plant, impingement, larva, juvenile, white perch,

striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, bay anchovy, blueback

herring, alewife.

Leak, J.C.; Houde, E.D. 1987. Cohort growth and survival of

bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, larvae in Biscayne Bay,

Florida. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 37:109-122. Keywords:

Biscayne Bay, Florida, cohort growth, survival, larvae,

bay anchovy.

LeBlanc, L.; Brownawell, B. 1994. Tests of bioaccumulation

models for PCBs: a study of young-of-the-year bluefish

in the Hudson River estuary. In: Waldman, J.R.; Blair,

E.A., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship

Program, 1993; Hudson River Foundation, New York, NY;

42 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York,

bioaccumulation, models, PCBs, young-of-the-year, estuary, bluefish.

Leggett, W.C. 1972. Weight loss in American shad (Alosa

sapidissima) during freshwater migration. Trans. Am. Fish.

Soc. 101:549-552. Keywords: weight loss, migration, freshwater, adult, American shad.

Leggett, W.C. 1976. The American shad, Alosa sapidissima,

with special reference to its migration and population dynamics in the Connecticut River. In: Merriman, D.; Thorpe,

L.M., eds. The Connecticut River ecological study. Am.

Fish. Soc. Monogr. 1:169-225. Keywords: Connecticut

River, migration, population, ecology, study, adult, American shad.

Leggett, W.C.; Carscadden, J.E. 1978. Latitudinal variation in

reproductive characteristics of American shad (Alosa

sapidissima): evidence for population specific life history

strategies in fish. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35:1469-1478.

Keywords: latitude, reproduction, population, life history,

fish, biology, adult, American shad.

Leggett, W.C.; Whitney, R.R. 1972. Water temperature and the

migrations of American shad. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 70:659-

670. Keywords: migration, water temperature, adult, American shad.

Lehman, B.A. 1953. Fecundity of Hudson River shad. U.S.

Fish Wildl. Serv. Res. Rept. 33; 8 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, fecundity, adult, American shad.
Page 55

Leim, A.H. 1924. The life history of the shad (Alosa sapidissima

(Wilson)) with special reference to the factors limiting its

abundance. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., Contr. Can. Biol.

2:163-284. Keywords: life history, abundance, adult, American shad.

Leslie, J.A.; Abood, K.A.; Maikish, E.A.; Keeser, P.J. 1988.

Recent dissolved oxygen trends in the Hudson River. In:

Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 287-

303. Keywords: dissolved oxygen, distribution, wastewater.

Levandowsky, M.; Capriulo, G.M.; Fisher, N.S. 1991.

Bioaccumulation and toxic effects of lead and silver in

Hudson River microzooplankton. [Final report.] New York,

NY: Hudson River Foundation; 18 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, bioaccumulation, toxic, lead, silver,

microzooplankton, metals, environment, algae.

Levesque, R.C.; Reed, R.J. 1972. Food availability and consumption by young Connecticut River shad, Alosa

sapidissima. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29:1495-1499. Keywords: Connecticut River, food, feeding, juvenile, American shad.

Levinton, J.S. 1986. Evolution of resistance to toxicants: mechanisms of tolerance and transfer through Hudson River

foodwebs. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation; 61 p. Keywords: Hudson River, Foundry

Cove, toxicant, foodweb, contaminant, sediments, metal,

pollution, benthos, cadmium, ecology.

Libby, D.A. 1981. Differences in sex ratio of the anadromous

alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, between the top and

bottom of a fishery at Damariscotta Lake, Maine. Fish.

Bull. (U.S.) 79:207-211. Keywords: Damariscotta Lake,

Maine, variation, sex ratio, anadromous, fishery, adult,

alewife.

Lickus, M.; Barten, P. 1991. Hydrology of a freshwater tidal

marsh in the Hudson River estuary. In: Blair, E.A.;

Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar

Fellowship Program, 1990, Section I. New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation; 45 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, Tivoli North Bay, estuary, hydrology, freshwater tidal marsh.

Limburg, K.E. 1996. Modeling the ecological constraints on

growth and movement of juvenile American shad (Alosa

sapidissima) in the Hudson River estuary. Estuaries

19(4):794-813. Keywords: Hudson River, ecology, growth,

movement, juvenile, American shad.

Limburg, K.E. 1994. Ecological constraints on growth and

migration of juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima

Wilson). [Ph.D. dissertation.] Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; 352 p. Keywords: Hudson River, growth, migration,

juvenile, predation, American shad.

Limburg, K.E.; Brothers, E.B.; Levin, S.A. 1991. Estimation of

age and growth rates of juvenile Hudson River shad: validation and field study. In: Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds.

Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program,

1990, Section IV. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 37 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary,

juvenile, age, growth rates, field study, American shad.

Limburg, K.E.; Moran, M.A.; McDowell, W.H., editors. 1986.

The Hudson River Ecosystem. New York, NY: SpringerVerlag. Keywords: Hudson River, ecosystem, river.

Limburg, K.E.; Schmidt, R.E. 1990. Patterns of fish spawning

in Hudson River tributaries: response to an urban gradient? Ecology 71:1238-1245. Keywords: Hudson River,

spawning.

Limburg, K.E.; Strayer, D. 1988. Studies of young-of-the-year

river herring and American shad in the Tivoli Bays, Hudson

River, NY. In: Waldman, J.R.; Blair, E.A., eds. Final reports

of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1987, Section

VII. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 62 p. Keywords: Tivoli Bay, Hudson River, New York, estuary, study,

young-of-the-year, river herring, alewife, blueback herring, American shad.

Linsalata, P. 1984. Sources distribution and mobility of plutonium and radiocesium in soils, sediments and water of the

Hudson River and watershed. [Ph.D. dissertation.] New

York, NY: New York University; 402 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, Hudson River Watershed, New York, watershed,

source, distribution, mobility, plutonium, radiocesium,

soils, sediments, water.

Lippson, A.J.; Moran, R.L. 1974. Manual for identification of

early developmental stages of fishes of the Potomac estuary. Annapolis, MD: Maryland Department of Natural

Resources, Power Plant Siting Program; 282 p. Keywords:

Potomac River estuary, egg, embryo, development, larva,

juvenile, alewife, blueback herring.

Lively, J.S.; Kaufman, Z.; Carpenter, E.J. 1983. Phytoplankton

ecology of a barrier island estuary: Great South Bay, New

York. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 16:51-68. Keywords: Great

South Bay, New York, phytoplankton, ecology, barrier island, estuary.

Loesch, J. G. 1987. Overview of life history aspects of anadromous alewife and blueback herring in freshwater habitats.

Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 1:89-103. Keywords: life history,

freshwater habitat, adult, alewife, blueback herring.

Loesch, J.G.; Lund, W.A., Jr. 1977. A contribution to the life

history of the blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 106:583-589. Keywords: life history, adult,

blueback herring.

Loesch, J.G. 1968. A contribution to the life history of Alosa

aestivalis. [M.S. thesis.] Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut; 31 p. Keywords: life history, adult, blueback

herring.

Loesch, J.G. 1969. A study of the blueback herring, Alosa

aestivalis (Mitchill) in Connecticut waters. [Ph.D. dissertation.] Storrs, CT; Univ. Connecticut; 78 p. Keywords:

Connecticut, Connecticut River, Long Island Sound, adult,

blueback herring.

Loesch, J.G.; Kriete, W.H., Jr. 1976. Biology and management

of river herring and shad. [Completion report, Anadro-
Page 56

mous Fish Project.] Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development;

226 p. Keywords: biology, management, fishery, adult,

river herring, alewife, blueback herring, American shad.

Loesch, J.G.; Kriete, W.H., Jr.; Foell, E.J. 1982. Effects of light

intensity on the catchability of juvenile anadromous Alosa

species. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 111:41-44. Keywords: light,

catch, fishery, juvenile, alewife, American shad, blueback

herring.

Longwell, A.C.; Chang, S.; Hebert, A.; Hughes, J.B.; Perry, D.

1992. Pollution and developmental abnormalities of Atlantic fishes. Environ. Biol. Fishes 35:1-21. Keywords:

Atlantic Ocean, pollution, development, abnormalities,

Atlantic fishes.

Lonsdale, D.J.; Cosper, E.M. 1994. Phytoplankton productivity in the lower Hudson River estuary. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 33+ p. Keywords:

Hudson River, phytoplankton, distribution, zooplankton,

abundance.

Lorio, W. 1980. Life history of largemouth bass (Micropterus

salmoides), found in MS coastal marshes. U.S. Fish Wildl.

Serv., Freshwater Fish. Rep. No. 16. Keywords: life history, largemouth bass, coastal marshes.

Lukens, R.R. 1988. Habitat criteria for striped bass, stocked in

rivers of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Sates Marine

Fisheries Commission; 53 p. Keywords: Northern Gulf of

Mexico, habitat criteria, stocking, rivers, adult, striped bass.

Lund, W.A., Jr. 1957. Morphometric study of the striped bass.

U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. No. 216; 24 p.

Keywords: morphometric study, morphology, adult,

striped bass.

Lund, W.A., Jr. 1961. A racial investigation of the bluefish,

Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus), of the Atlantic coast of

North America. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. Venezuela 1:73-129.

Keywords: Atlantic coast, Atlantic Ocean, North America,

population, race, intraspecific variation, adult, bluefish.

Lund, W.A., Jr.; Maltezos, G.C. 1970. Movements and migrations of the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, tagged in water of New York and southern New England. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 99:719-725. Keywords: Long Island Sound, New

York Bight, New York, New England, movements, migrations,

population, tagging, mark and recapture, adult, bluefish.

Lux, F.E.; Mahoney, J.B. 1972. Predation by bluefish on flatfishes. Mar. Fish. Rev. 34:30-35. Keywords: predation,

predator, prey, food, feeding, flatfishes, adult, bluefish.

Lyons-Swift, L. 1987. Upper Hudson River riparian communities: an analysis of relations between river processes and

plant community composition. [Final Report.] New York,

NY: Hudson River Foundation; 26 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, community, plants, vegetation, environment.

MacKenzie, C.L., Jr. 1990. History of the fisheries of Raritan

Bay, New York and New Jersey. Mar. Fish. Rev. 52(4):1-45.

Keywords: Raritan Bay, New York, New Jersey, history,

fisheries.

Malone, T. C. 1977. Plankton systematics and distribution.

Marine Ecosystem Analysis Program, MESA New York

Bight Project. Albany, NY: New York Sea Grant Institute;

MESA New York Bight Atlas Monograph 13. Keywords:

New York Bight, plankton, systematics, distribution.

Malone, T.C. 1977. Environmental regulation of phytoplankton productivity in the lower Hudson estuary. Estuar.

Coastal Mar. Sci. 5:157-171. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, estuary, environmental regulation, phytoplankton, productivity.

Malone, T.C.; Garside, C.; Neale, P. 1980. Effects of silicate

depletion on photosynthesis by diatoms in the plume of

the Hudson River. Mar. Biol. 58:197-204. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, silicate, photosynthesis, diatoms, plume.

Manooch, C.S. 1973. Food habits of yearling and adult striped

bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), from Albemarle

Sound, North Carolina. Chesapeake Sci. 14:73-86. Keywords: Albemarle River, North Carolina, food habits, yearling, young, immature, adult, feeding, striped bass.

Mansueti, R.J. 1955. Young bluefish found in the fresh tidal

waters of upper Patuxent River. Maryland Tidewater News

12:3. Keywords: Upper Patuxent River, Patuxent River,

young, tidal, tide, freshwater, bluefish.

Mansueti, R.J. 1956. Alewife herring eggs and larvae reared

successfully in lab. Maryland Tidewater News 13:2-3.

Keywords: eggs, larvae, laboratory-reared, alewife.

Mansueti, R.J. 1958. Eggs, larvae and young of the striped

bass, Roccus saxatilis. Chesapeake Biol. Lab. Contrib.

112; 35 p. Keywords: eggs, larvae, juvenile, young, striped

bass.

Mansueti, R.J. 1961. Age, growth and movements of the

striped bass, Roccus saxatilis, taken in size-selective fishing gear in Maryland. Chesapeake Sci. 2:9-36. Keywords:

Maryland, age, growth, movements, size-selective fishing gear, adult, striped bass.

Mansueti, R.J. 1961. Movements, reproduction, and mortality

of the white perch, Roccus americana, in the Patuxent

River estuary, Maryland. Chesapeake Sci. 2:142-205.

Keywords: Patuxent River, Maryland, movement, reproduction, mortality, adult, white perch.

Mansueti, R.J. 1964. Eggs, larvae, and young of the white

perch, Roccus americana, with comments on its ecology

within the estuary. Chesapeake Sci. 5:3-45. Keywords:

Chesapeake Bay, eggs, larvae, juvenile, young, ecology,

white perch

Mansueti, R.J.; Kolb, H. 1953. A historical review of the shad

fisheries of North America. Maryland Dept. Res. Educ.

Publ. 97; 293 p. Keywords: North America, historical,

history, fishery, adult, American shad.

Mansueti, R.J.; Mansueti, A.J. 1955. White perch eggs and

larvae studies in the lab. Maryland Tidewater News 12:1-

3. Keywords: eggs, larvae, white perch.

Marcy, B.C., Jr. 1968. Age determination from scales of Alosa

pseudoharengus (Wilson), and Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill),

in Connecticut waters. [M.S. thesis.] Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut; 25 p. Keywords: Connecticut, age,

aging, scales, adult, alewife, blueback herring.

Marcy, B.C., Jr. 1969. Age determination from scales of Alosa

pseudoharengus (Wilson), and Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill),
Page 57

in Connecticut waters. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98:621-630.

Keywords: Connecticut, age, aging, scales, adult, alewife,

blueback herring.

Marcy, B.C., Jr. 1972. Spawning of the American shad, Alosa

sapidissima, in the lower Connecticut River. Chesapeake

Sci. 13:116-119. Keywords: Connecticut River, lower Connecticut River, spawning, reproduction, adult, American

shad.

Marcy, B.C., Jr. 1976. Early life history studies of the American

shad in the lower Connecticut River and the effects of the

Connecticut Yankee plant. In: Merriman, D.; Thorpe, L.M.,

eds. The Connecticut River ecological study. Am. Fish.

Soc. Monogr. 1:141-178. Keywords: Connecticut River,

lower Connecticut River, larvae, life history, ecology, Connecticut Yankee, power plant, American shad.

Marcy, B.C., Jr. 1976. Fishes of the lower Connecticut River

and the effects of the Connecticut Yankee Plant. Am.

Fish. Soc. Monogr. 1:61-113. Keywords: Connecticut River,

fishes, lower Connecticut River, Connecticut Yankee plant,

power plant.

Marcy, B.C., Jr.; Richards, F.P. 1974. Age and growth of the

white perch, Morone americana, in the lower Connecticut River. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103:117-120. Keywords:

Connecticut River, lower Connecticut River, age, growth,

adult, white perch.

Margulies, D. 1989. Effects of food concentration and temperature on development, growth and survival of white

perch, Morone americana, eggs and larvae. Fish. Bull.

(U.S.) 87:63-72. Keywords: effects, food concentration,

temperature, development, growth, survival, eggs, larvae,

white perch.

Markle, D.F.; Grant, G.C. 1970. The summer food habits of

young-of-the-year striped bass in three Virginia Rivers.

Chesapeake Sci. 11:50-54. Keywords: Virginia, summer,

season, food, feeding, habits, behavior, young-of-the-year,

juvenile, striped bass.

Marks, R.E. 1991. Ontogenic shift in the diet of spring and

summer-spawned bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) during

the oceanic phase of the early life history. [M.S. thesis.]

Stony Brooke, NY: State University of New York. Keywords: ontogeny, diet, food, season, oceanic phase, early

life history, young, bluefish.

Marks, R.E.; Conover, D.O. 1993. Ontogenetic shift in the diet

of young-of-the-year bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) during the oceanic phase of the early life history. Fish. Bull.

(U.S.) 91:97-106. Keywords: ontogenetic shift, diet, food,

young-of-the-year, oceanic phase, early life history, bluefish.

Marshall, H.G. 1988. Seasonal phytoplankton composition

and concentration patterns within the Hudson River. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 12+

p. Keywords: Hudson River, phytoplankton, distribution.

Martin Marietta Environmental Systems, Inc. 1984. Current

status and biological characteristics of the anadromous

alosid stocks of Eastern United States: American shad,

hickory shad, alewife, and blueback herring: Phase 1 in

interstate management planning for migratory alosids of

the Atlantic Coast. [Report.] Washington, DC: Atlantic

States Marine Fisheries Commission, Interstate Fisheries

Management Program; 222 p. Keywords: Atlantic, biology, anadromous, stock, migration, population, management, fishery, adult, American shad, alewife, blueback

herring.

Martin Marietta Environmental Systems, Inc. 1986. 1984 year

class report for the Hudson River Estuary Monitoring

Program, Vols. I-II. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated

Edison Company. Keywords: Hudson River, ecology, biology, power plant, entrainment, impingement, egg, larva,

juvenile, adult, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, white perch.

Martin, F.D.; Wright, D.A.; Means, J.C.; Setzler-Hamilton, E.M.

1985. Importance of food supply to nutritional state of

larval striped bass in the Potomac River estuary. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 114:137-145. Keywords: Potomac River,

food, nutrition, larvae, estuary, striped bass.

Massman, W.H. 1952. Characteristics of spawning areas of

shad, Alosa sapidissima (Wilson), in some Virginia streams.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 82:78-93. Keywords: Virginia,

streams, spawning, habitat, adult, American shad.

Massman, W.H. 1957. New and recent records for fish in

Chesapeake Bay. Copeia 1957:156-157. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, records, fish, sampling.

Massman, W.H. 1962. Water temperatures, salinities, and

fishes collected during trawl surveys of Chesapeake Bay

and York and Pamunkey Rivers, 1956-1959. VA Inst. Mar.

Sci. Spec. Sci. Rept. 27: 51 p. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay,

York River, Pamunkey River, water temperature, salinity,

trawl survey.

Massman, W.H. 1963. Summer food of juvenile American

shad in Virginia waters. Chesapeake Sci. 4:167-171. Keywords: Virginia, food, juveniles, seasonal, American shad.

Massman, W.H.; Pacheco, A.L. 1961. Movements of striped

bass in Virginia waters of Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake

Sci. 2:37-44. Keywords: Virginia, Chesapeake Bay, movements, population, adult, striped bass.

Mattson, M.T.; Geoghegan, P.; Dunning, D.J. 1992. Accuracy

of catch per unit effort indices of Atlantic tomcod abundance in the Hudson River. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Estuarine

Research in the 1980s: Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. Albany,

NY: State University of New York Press; p.323-338. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, catch, indices, abundance, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Mattson, M.T.; Waxman, J.B.; Watson, D.A. 1988. Reliability

of impingement sampling designs: an example from the

Indian Point station. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:161-169.

Keywords: Hudson River, Indian Point, New York, impingement, sampling, power plant.

May, R.C. 1974. Larval mortality in marine fishes and the

critical period concept. In: Baxter, J.H.S., ed. The early life

history of fish. New York: Springer-Verlag; p. 3-19. Keywords: larvae, mortality, marine, fishes, critical period.

Mayo, R.K. 1974. Population structure, movement, and fecundity of the anadromous alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus
Page 58

(Wilson), in the Parker River, Massachusetts, 1971-1972.

[M.S. thesis.] Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts. Keywords: Parker River, Massachusetts, fish population, population, movement, fecundity, egg, anadromous,

adult, alewife.

McBride, R.S.; Conover, D.O. 1991. Recruitment of the youngof-the-year bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix to the New York

Bight: variation in abundance and growth of spring- and

summer-spawned cohorts. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 78:205-

216. Keywords: New York Bight, New York, recruitment,

metamorphosis, young-of-the-year, variation, abundance,

growth, seasonal, cohorts, population, bluefish.

McCleave, J.D.; Fried, S.M.; Towt, A.K. 1977. Daily movements of shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum,

on a Maine estuary. Copeia 1977:149-157. Keywords:

Maine, estuary, movements, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

McClusky, D. 1992. Largemouth bass technical literature bibliography, 1970-1992. No publisher; 456 p. Keywords:

bibliography, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, largemouth bass.

McErlean, A.J.; O’Connor, S.B.; Mihursky, J.A.; Gibson, I.C.

1973. Abundance, diversity and seasonal patterns of estuarine fish populations. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 1:19-36.

Keywords: abundance, diversity, seasonal, population,

estuary, fish.

McFadden, J.T.; Texas Instruments; Lawler, Matusky & Skelly

Engineers. 1977. Influence of Indian Point unit 2 and

other steam electric generating plants on the Hudson River

estuary, with emphasis on striped bass and other fish

populations. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison

Company. Keywords: Indian Point, Hudson River, New

York, unit 2, influence, steam electric, powerplant, fish

populations, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass.

McFadden, J.T.; Texas Instruments; Lawler, Matusky & Skelly

Engineers. 1978. Influence of the proposed Cornwall

pumped storage project and steam electric generating

plants on the Hudson River estuary, with emphasis on

striped bass and other fish populations, revised. Chapter

7 In: Report to Consolidated Edison Company of New

York; 227 p. Keywords: Cornwall, Hudson River, New

York, steam electric, power plants, fish populations, egg,

larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass.

McGovern, J.C.; Olney, J.E. 1988. Potential predation by fish

and invertebrates on early life history stages of striped

bass in the Pamunkey River, Virginia. Trans. Am. Fish.

Soc. 117:152-161. Keywords: Pamunkey River, Virginia,

predation, predator, prey, fish, invertebrates, early life history, stages, striped bass.

McGovern, J.C.; Wenner, C.A. 1990. Seasonal recruitment of

larval and juvenile fishes into impounded and non-impounded marshes. Wetlands 10:203-222. Keywords: seasonal, recruitment, larvae, juvenile, marsh habitat, wetlands.

McGrath, R.A. 1974. Benthic microfaunal census of Raritan

Bay. In: Proceedings of 3rd Symposium of Hudson River

Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental

Society; 27 p. Keywords: preliminary results, Raritan Bay,

Raritan River, Hudson River, benthic microfauna, census,

benthos.

McHenry, M.; Long, J. 1995. The vulnerability of striped bass

in the Hudson River: Do rapid changes in water temperature decrease locomotor performance? In: Blair, E.A.;

Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar

Fellowship Program, 1994. New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, vulnerability, water temperature, locomotion, function, adult,

striped bass.

McHugh, J.L. 1972. Estuarine fisheries, are they doomed? In:

Wiley, M., ed. Estuarine processes: Vol. I. Uses, stress

and adaptation to the estuary. Proceedings of 3rd International Estuarine Research Conference, Galveston, Texas.

New York, NY: Academic Press; p. 15-27. Keywords: estuary, fisheries, future.

McHugh, J.L. 1977. Limiting factors affecting commercial fisheries in the Middle Atlantic estuarine area. In: NY Sea

Grant Institute Conference Proceedings: Estuarine Pollution Control and Assessment. Washington, DC: U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency. Keywords: Middle

Atlantic, estuary, commercial fishery.

McKown, K.A. 1991. An investigation of the movements and

growth of the 1988 Hudson River year class. In: A study

of the striped bass in the marine district of New York VI.

[Annual report.] Albany, NY: New York State Department

of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, movements, growth, year class, young, striped

bass.

McKown, K.A. 1992. An investigation of the movements and

growth of the 1990 Hudson River year class. In: A study

of the striped bass in the marine district of New York State

VII. [Completion report.] Albany, NY: New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, movements, growth, year class,

young, striped bass.

McKown, K.A.; Penski, M. 1994. An investigation of the

movements and growth of the 1986 Hudson River year

class. In: A study of the striped bass in the marine district

of New York IX. [Completion report.] Albany, NY: New

York State Department of Environmental Conservation; p.

59-120. Keywords: movement, growth, year-class, young,

striped bass.

McKown, K.A.; Young, B.H. 1988. An investigation of the

movements and growth of the 1986 Hudson River year

class. In: A study of the striped bass in the marine district

of New York V. [Completion report.] Albany, NY: New

York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, movements, growth,

year class, young, striped bass.

McKown, K.A.; Young, B.H. 1989. An investigation of the

movements and growth of the 1987 Hudson River year

class. In: A study of the striped bass in the marine district

of New York VI. [Completion report.] Albany, NY: New

York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, movements, growth,

year class, young, striped bass.

McLaren, J.B.; Peck, T.H.; Dey, W.P.; Gardinier, M. 1988. Biology of the Atlantic tomcod in the Hudson River estuary.
Page 59

Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:102-112. Keywords: Hudson

River, adult, age composition, sex ratio, maturity, fecundity, abundance, mortality, food, feeding, Atlantic tomcod.

McLaren, J.B.; Cooper, J.C.; Hoff, T.B.; Lander, V. 1981. Movements of Hudson River striped bass. Trans. Am. Fish.

Soc. 110:158-167. Keywords: Hudson River, movement,

striped bass.

McNeil, K.P.; Draper, R. 1983. Water quality model of the

Mohawk River. Albany, NY: New York State Department

of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Mohawk

River, New York, water quality, water, model.

Mearns, E.A. 1898. A study of the vertebrate fauna of the

Hudson highlands, with observations on Mollusca, Crustacea, Lepidoptera and flora of the region: Part II. Vertebrates of the Hudson Highlands. Fish. Bull. Am. Mus.

Nat. Hist. 10:311-322. Keywords: Hudson River, Hudson

Highlands, New York, vertebrates, fauna, flora, Mollusca,

Crustacea, Lepidoptera.

Medeiros, W.H. 1974. The Hudson River shad fishery: background, management problems and recommendations.

Stony Brook, NY: New York State Sea Grant College Program. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, fishery, management, shad.

Meldrim, J.W.; Gift, J.G. 1974. The effect of temperature and

chemical pollutants on the behavior of several estuarine

organisms. Ichthyological Associates Bulletin #11. Keywords: Delaware River estuary, temperature effects, pollutants, chlorine, salinity, light, dissolved oxygen, behavior, adult, striped bass.

Meng, L. 1993. Estimating food requirements of striped bass

larvae: An energetics approach. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 122:244-

251. Keywords: food, larvae, energetics, striped bass.

Merriman, D. 1941. Studies of the striped bass (Roccus saxatilis)

of the Atlantic coast. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 50:1-77.

Keywords: Atlantic coast, adult, striped bass.

Mesing, C.L.; Wicker, A.M. 1986. Home range, spawning

migrations, and homing of radio-tagged Florida largemouth

bass in two central Florida lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

115:286-295. Keywords: Central Florida, Florida, home

range, spawning, migration, homing, radio-tagged, tagging, lakes, adult, largemouth bass.

Messieh, S.N.; Rowell, T.W.; Peer, D.L.; Cranford, P.J. 1991.

The effects of trawling, dredging and ocean dumping on

the eastern Canadian continental shelf seabed. Continental Shelf Res. 11:1237-1263. Keywords: eastern Canadian continental shelf, Canada, Atlantic Ocean, trawling,

dredging, ocean dumping, continental shelf, seabed.

Metzger, S.G.; Keppel, R.G.; Geoghegan, P.; Wells, A.G. 1992.

Abundance of selected Hudson River fish species in previously unsampled regions: Effect on standing crop estimates. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s:

Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on

Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of

New York Press; p. 348-375. Keywords: Hudson River,

abundance, population estimates.

Miller, J.M.; Reed, J.P.; Pietrafesa, L.J. 1984. Patterns, mechanisms and approaches to the study of migrations of estuarine-dependent fish larvae and juveniles. In: J.D.

McCleave; Arnold, G.P; Dodson, J.J.; Neill, W.H., eds.

Mechanisms of migration in fishes. New York: Plenum

Press; p. 209-225. Keywords: migration, larvae, juveniles,

estuary.

Miller, K.D.; Kramer, R.H. 1971. Spawning and early life history of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Lake

Powell. Am. Fish. Soc. Publ. 8:78-83. Keywords: Lake

Powell, spawning, early life history, adult, egg, larva, largemouth bass.

Miller, L.W. 1963. Growth, reproduction and food habits of the

white perch, Roccus americanus (Gmelin) in the Delaware

River. [M.S. thesis.] University of Delaware. Keywords:

Delaware River, estuary, growth, reproduction, feeding,

food, behavior, habits, adult, white perch.

Miller, R.V. [year unknown.] Continental migrations of fishes.

Miami, FL: Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Tropical Atlantic Biological Laboratory, Contribution No. 99; p. 15-

45. Keywords: migration, adult, striped bass, American

shad, bluefish.

Miller, R.W. 1981. Life history aspects of a tidal stream largemouth bass population. Dover, DE: U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

Keywords: life history, tidal, stream, population, adult,

largemouth bass.

Mills, E.L.; Scheuerell, M.D.; Carlton, J.T.; Strayer, D. [year

unknown.] Biological invasions in the Hudson River: an

inventory and historical analysis. [Report.] 63 p. Keywords: Hudson River, introduced species, exotic species,

non-indigenous species, habitat, environment, urbanization, industrialization, exploitation.

Mix, M.C. 1985. Cancerous diseases in aquatic animals and

their association with environmental pollutants: A critical

review of the literature. [Final report.] Washington, DC:

American Petroleum Institute; 247 p. Keywords: cancer,

disease, aquatic, marine, fish, environmental pollutants,

pollution.

Monosson, E.; Fleming, W.J.; Sullivan, C.V. [year unknown.]

Effects of a planar PCB (3,3’,4,4’-tetrachlorobiphenyl) on

ovarian development, plasma sex steroid hormones, and

vitellogenin levels in the adult white perch (Morone

americana), and on survival of their offspring. [Report.]

29 p. Keywords: PCBs, ovarian development, ovary,

plasma sex steroid hormones, vitellogenin, adult, offspring,

eggs, larvae, survival, white perch.

Monteleone, D.M.; Cerrato, R.M.; Lonsdale, D.J.; Peterson,

W.T. [year unknown.] Abundance and seasonality of

key forage species in Long Island Sound. [Special Report

No. 100.] 111 p. Keywords: Long Island Sound, food,

forage species of, life history, eggs, larvae, juvenile, adult,

bay anchovy, bluefish.

Monteleone, D.M.; Houde, E.D. 1992. Vulnerability of striped

bass Morone saxatilis (Walbaum) eggs and larvae to predation by juvenile white perch Morone americana

(Gmelin). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 158:93-104. Keywords:
Page 60

eggs, larvae, juvenile, predation, predator, prey, food, feeding, striped bass, white perch.

Moran, M.A.; Limburg, K.E. 1985. The Hudson River ecosystem. In: Limburg, K.E.; Moran, M.A.; McDowell, W.H.,

eds. Environmental impact assessment of the Hudson

River ecosystem, multiple case study and database review. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, Ecosystems Research

Center; p. 8-55. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, ecosystem, estuary, impact assessment.

Morgan, R.P., III; Prince, R.D. 1977. Chlorine toxicity to eggs

and larvae of five Chesapeake Bay fishes. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 106:380-385. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, chlorine, toxicity, eggs, larvae.

Morgan, R.P., III; Rasin, V.J., Jr. 1982. Influence of temperature

and salinity on development of white perch eggs. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 111:396-398. Keywords: temperature, salinity, eggs, development, white perch.

Morgan, R.P., III; Rasin, V.J., Jr.; Cop, R.L. 1981. Temperature

and salinity effects on development of striped bass eggs

and larvae. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110:95-99. Keywords:

striped bass, temperature, salinity, effects, eggs, larvae,

development.

Mueller, J.A.; Gerrish, T.A.; Casey, M.C. 1982. Contaminant

inputs to the Hudson-Raritan estuary. Boulder, CO: NOAA

Tech. Memo. OMPA-21; 191 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

Raritan River, New York, New Jersey, estuary, contaminant, inputs.

Mueller, J.A.; Jeris, J.S.; Anderson, A.R.; Hughes, C.F. 1976.

Contaminant inputs to the New York Bight. NOAA Tech.

Memo. ERL Mesa-6; 109 p. Keywords: New York, Hudson

River, bight, contaminant.

Muenscher, W.C. 1933. Aquatic vegetation of the Upper

Hudson watershed: A Biological Survey of the Upper

Hudson Watershed. [Annual report supplement.] Albany,

NY: New York State Conservation Department. Keywords:

Upper Hudson River, Hudson River, New York, aquatic

vegetation, watershed, biology, survey.

Muessig, P.H.; Hutchison, J.B., Jr.; King, L.R.; Ligotino, R.J.;

Daley, M. 1988. Survival of fishes after impingement on

traveling screens at Hudson River power plants. Am.

Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:170-181. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, survival, impingement, traveling screens, power

plants.

Muldoon, T. 1981. Sturgeon come back to Hudson, fostering

hope in caviar trade. National Fisherman April:64. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, caviar trade, fishery, sturgeon.

Murawski, S.A.; Pacheco, A.L. 1977. Biological and fisheries

data on Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrhynchus

(Mitchill). NOAA NMFS Sandy Hook Lab. Tech. Ser. Rept.

10; 69 p. Keywords: biology, fishery, fisheries data, biological data, adult, Atlantic sturgeon.

Murawski, W.S. 1958. Comparative study of populations of

the striped bass based on lateral line scale counts. [M.S.

thesis.] Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; 80 p. Keywords:

comparative study, population, lateral line, scale counts,

adult, striped bass.

Murphy, M.J.; Skaines, J. 1994. Habitat and movement of the

gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus desotoi) in the

Pascagoula River, Mississippi. Jackson, MS: Mississippi

Museum of Natural Science. Museum Tech. Rep. No. 29;

20 p. Keywords: Pascagoula River, Mississippi, habitat,

movement, spawning, radio telemetry, sturgeon subspecies, gulf sturgeon.

Myers, G.S. 1949. Usage of anadromous, catadromous and

allied terms for migratory fishes. Copeia 1949:89-97. Keywords: anadromous, catadromous, migratory, migration.

Myers, R.A.; Cadigan, N.G. 1993. Density-dependent juvenile

mortality in marine demersal fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

50:1576-1590. Keywords: density, juvenile, mortality, marine, demersal, fish.

Nack, S.B.; Bunnell, D.; Green, D.M.; Forney, J.L. 1993. Spawning and nursery habitats of largemouth bass in the tidal

Hudson River. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 122:208-216. Keywords: Hudson River, spawning, reproduction, nursery,

habitat, larva, eggs, adult, largemouth bass.

Nack, S.B.; Cook, W. 1987. Characterization of spawning and

nursery habitats of largemouth bass (Micropterus

salmoides) in the Stockport component of the Hudson

River National Estuarine Research Reserve. In: Blair, E.A.;

Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar

Fellowship Program, 1986, Section IV. New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation; 24 p. Keywords: Stockport,

Hudson River, New York, spawning, nursery, habitats,

adult, egg, larva, largemouth bass.

National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Region. 1990.

An assessment of tag and release in the Northeast Region. Gloucester, MA: National Marine Fisheries Service.

Keywords: Northeast US, tagging, mark and recapture,

catch and release, fishery, adult, striped bass.

Neves, R.J. 1981. Offshore distribution of alewife, Alosa

pseudoharengus, and blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis,

along the Atlantic Coast. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 79:473-485.

Keywords: Atlantic Coast, distribution, marine, adult, alewife, blueback herring.

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. 1986.

Rules on coastal resources and development. Trenton,

NJ: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.

Keywords: New Jersey, rules, coastal resources, development, coast.

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

and U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA. 1993. Hudson

River National Estuarine Research Reserve Final Management Plan. Washington, DC: Office of Ocean and

Coastal Resource Management, Sanctuaries and Reserves

Division. Keywords: Hudson River, management

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

1986. Fish and their habitats in the upper Hudson estuary, November 1986. [Report.] Albany, NY: New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation; 38 p. Keywords: Hudson River, habitat, freshwater, tidal, fish distribution.

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

1989. Fish and their habitats in the upper Hudson estu-
Page 61

ary, April 1989. [Report.] Albany, NY: New York State

Department of Environmental Conservation; 22 p. Keywords: Hudson River, habitat, freshwater, tidal, fish distribution.

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

1991. A study of striped bass in the marine district of New

York VI. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 298 p. Keywords: New York,

marine district, population, mortality, toxic content, adult,

striped bass.

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.

1995. Atlantic sturgeon management in New York State.

Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: New York, management,

adult, Atlantic sturgeon.

New York State Department of State, Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization; The Nature Conservancy (NYSDS and TNC). 1990. Hudson River significant tidal habitats: a guide to the functions, values, and

protection of the river’s natural resources. New York, NY:

New York State Department of. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, tidal, tide, habitats, protection, natural resources, management.

New York State Department of State, Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitalization (NYSDS). 1987.

Significant coastal fish and wildlife habitat: Narratives and

maps. New York, NY: New York State Department of State.

Keywords: Hudson River, habitat.

New York University Medical Center. 1977. Effects of entrainment by the Indian Point power plant on biota in the

Hudson River estuary: a progress report for 1975. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Indian Point, Hudson River, New York, entrainment, egg, larva, biota, biology, power plant, 1975.

New York University Medical Center. 1978. Effects of entrainment by the Indian Point power plant on biota in the

Hudson River estuary: a progress report for 1976. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Indian Point, Hudson River, New York, effects,

entrainment, egg, larva, biota, biology, power plant,

progress report, 1976.

Nichols, J.T. 1914. Concerning young bluefish. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 1913:169-172. Keywords: young, bluefish.

Nichols, P.R. 1960. Homing tendency of American shad, Alosa

sapidissima in the York River, Virginia. Chesapeake Sci.

1:200-201. Keywords: York River, Virginia, homing, migration, adult, American shad.

Nittel, M. 1976. Food habits of Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus

tomcod) in the Hudson River. In: Hudson River Ecology,

4th Symposium. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, food,

feeding, habits, behavior, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

Strategic Assessments Branch. 1985. National estuarine

inventory, data atlas: Vol. 1. Physical and hydrologic characteristics. Rockville, MD: NOAA Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessments.

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

1980. Emergency striped bass research study. [Annual

report.] Washington, DC: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

and National Marine Fisheries Service; 22 p. Keywords:

Atlantic coast, population, habitat, stock, age, abundance,

adult, striped bass.

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

1981. Emergency striped bass research study. [Annual

report.] Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce;

25 p. Keywords: Atlantic coast, habitat, health, stock,

age, abundance, striped bass.

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

1990. A proposed estuarine classification: analysis of

species salinity ranges. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce; 28 p. Keywords: Hudson River, salinity, estuary, habitat.

NOAA, FDA, and EPA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration, Food and Drug Administration, and Environmental Protection Administration). 1987. Report on

1984-1986 federal survey of PCBs in Atlantic Coast bluefish. [Interpretive report.] Washington, DC: NOAA, FDA,

EPA; 56+ p. Keywords: Atlantic coast, PCBs, toxic, toxicology, adult, bluefish.

Norcross, J.J.; Richardson, S.L.; Massman, W.H.; Joseph, E.B.

1974. Development of young bluefish (Pomatomus

saltatrix) and distribution of eggs and young in Virginian

coastal waters. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103:477-497. Keywords: Virginia Coast, Virginia, development, embryology,

young, distribution, eggs, larvae, coast, bluefish.

Norden, C.R. 1967. Age, growth, and fecundity of the alewife,

Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson), in Lake Michigan. Trans.

Am. Fish. Soc. 96:387-393. Keywords: Lake Michigan,

age, egg, growth, life history, reproduction, alewife.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1983. 1983 year class report for

the Hudson River Estuary Monitoring Program: Vols. I-III.

[Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, ecology, biology, power plant,

entrainment, impingement, egg, larva, juvenile, adult,

striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, White perch.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1984. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) spawning populations in the Hudson River, winter

1982-1983. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison

Company. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, abundance, stock, spawning, population, winter, 1982, 1983,

adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1985. 1982 year class report for

the Hudson River Estuary Monitoring Program: Vols. I-III.

[Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, ecology, biology, power plant,

entrainment, impingement, egg, larva, juvenile, adult,

striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, White perch.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1985. Final report for the 1983-

1984 Hudson River white perch stock assessment study.

[Report.] Pearl River, NY: Orange and Rockland Utilities.

Keywords: Hudson River, stock, population, adult, white

perch.
Page 62

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1986. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) spawning populations in the Hudson River, winter

1983-1984. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison

Company. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, abundance, stock, spawning, populations, winter, 1983, 1984,

adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1987. 1985-1986 Hudson River

striped bass program release and recapture data. [Report.]

New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords:

Hudson River, mark and recapture, aquaculture, fishery,

adult, striped bass.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1987. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod population spawning in the Hudson River, winter 1985-1986. [Report.] New

York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company; 120 p. Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, age, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, spawning, population, fishery, entrainment,

impingement, Atlantic tomcod.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1988. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod population spawning in the Hudson River, winter 1987-1988. [Report.] New

York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company; 120 p. Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, population, age, egg,

larva, juvenile, adult, spawning, entrainment, impingement,

Atlantic tomcod.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1990. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) spawning in the Hudson River, winter 1988-1989.

[Report.] White Plains, NY: New York Power Authority;

109 p. Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, population,

distribution, stock, spawning, Atlantic tomcod.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1991. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod spawning population in the Hudson River, winter 1989-1990. [Report.] White

Plains, NY: New York Power Authority. Keywords: abundance, stock, spawning, population, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1992. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod spawning population in the Hudson River, winter 1990-91. [Report.] White

Plains, NY: New York Power Authority; 110 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, abundance, stock, population, spawning,

Atlantic tomcod.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1994. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod spawning population in the Hudson River, winter 1991-92. [Report.] White

Plains, NY: New York Power Authority; 200 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, power plant, abundance, stock, population, spawning, Atlantic tomcod.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1994. Abundance and stock

characteristics of the Atlantic tomcod spawning population in the Hudson River, winter 1992-93. [Report.] White

Plains, NY: New York Power Authority; 200 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, power plant, abundance, stock, population, spawning, Atlantic tomcod.

Nyman, R.M.; Conover, D.O. 1988. The relation between

spawning season and the recruitment of young-of-theyear bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) to New York. Fish.

Bull. (U.S.) 86:237-250. Keywords: New York, spawning,

season, recruitment, metamorphosis, young-of-the-year,

bluefish.

O’Connor, J.S. 1981. Studies on fates and effects of pollutants

in the New York Bight. ICES [Int. Counc. Explor. Sea]

Council Minutes; 9 p. Keywords: New York Bight, New

York, pollutants, pollution.

O’Connor, J.S.; Flemer, D.A. 1986. Monitoring, research and

management: integration for decision making in coastal

marine environments. In: Boyle, T.P., ed. Symposium on

Monitoring in Aquatic Ecosystems. Philadelphia, PA:

ASTM. Keywords: research, management, coastal, marine, environments.

O’Connor, J.S.; Stanford, H.M. 1979. Chemical pollutants in

the New York Bight: priorities for research. In: O’Connor,

J.S.; Stanford, H.M., eds. Marine Ecosystems Analysis

Project. Boulder, CO: NOAA MESA. Keywords: New

York Bight, Hudson River, bight, chemical, pollutants.

O’Rear, C.W., Jr. 1972. The toxicity of zinc and copper to

striped bass eggs and fry with methods for providing

confidence limits. In: Proc. 26th Ann. Conf., Southern

Assoc. Game Fish Comm.; p. 427-434. Keywords: toxicity,

zinc, copper, eggs, larvae, fry, young, striped bass.

O’Reilly, J.E.; Thomas, D.P.; Evans, C. 1976. Annual primary

production (nanoplankton, netplankton, dissolved organic

matter) in the lower NY Bay. In: Hudson River Ecology,

4th Symposium. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, lower New York

Bay, lower Hudson River, New York, annual, primary production, nanoplankton, netplankton, dissolved organic

matter.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Martin Marietta Environmental Systems, Inc. 1986. Linking estuarine water quality

and impacts on living resources: shrinking striped bass

habitat in Chesapeake Bay and Albemarle Sound:

Prioritization of pollution control in estuaries through

analysis of temperature and dissolved oxygen and habitat space for biota. [Interim report.] Washington, DC: U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency; 40 p. Keywords: estuary, conservation, pollution, water quality, temperature,

dissolved oxygen, habitat, adult, striped bass.

Ogilvy, C.S.; DuBois, A.B. 1981. The hydrodynamic drag of

swimming bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in different intensities of turbulence: variation with changes of buoyancy. J. Exp. Biol. 92:67-85. Keywords: hydrodynamic

drag, swimming, buoyancy, turbulence, biomechanics,

adult, bluefish.

Oliver, J.D.; Van Den Avyle, M.J.; Bozeman, E.L., Jr. 1989.

Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (South Atlantic): bluefish. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.96);

13 p. Keywords: South Atlantic, life history, environment, habitat, eggs, larvae, juvenile, adult, growth, tem-
Page 63

perature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, depth, turbidity, bluefish.

Olla, B.L.; Katz, H.M.; Studholme, A.L. 1970. Prey capture and

feeding motivation in the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix.

Copeia 1970:360-362. Keywords: prey capture, predation, predator, feeding behavior, adult, bluefish.

Olla, B.L.; Studholme, A.L. 1971. The effect of temperature on

the activity of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix. Biol. Bull.

(Woods Hole) 141:337-349. Keywords: temperature, activity, adult, bluefish.

Olla, B.L.; Studholme, A.L. 1972. Daily and seasonal rhythms

of activity in the bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). In: Winn,

H.E.; Olla, B.L., eds. Behavior of marine animals: current

perspectives in research, Vol. 2. New York, NY: Plenum

Press; p. 303-326. Keywords: daily rhythms, seasonal

rhythms, biological clock, activity, adult, bluefish.

Olla, B.L.; Studholme, A.L. 1978. Comparative aspects of the

activity rhythms of tautog, Tautoga onitis, bluefish,

Pomatomus saltatrix, and Atlantic mackerel, Scomber

scombrus, as related to their life habits. In: Thorpe, J.E.,

ed. Rhythmic activity of fishes. London, UK: Academic

Press; p. 131-151. Keywords: activity rhythms, tautog,

Atlantic mackerel, habits, adult, bluefish.

Olla, B.L.; Studholme, A.L.; Bejda, A.J. 1985. Behavior of

juvenile bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix in vertical thermal

gradients: influence of season, temperature acclimation

and food. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 23:165-177. Keywords:

behavior, juvenile, thermal, temperature, season, food,

feeding, bluefish.

Olney, J.E. 1983. Eggs and early larvae of the bay anchovy,

Anchoa mitchilli, and the weakfish, Cynoscion regalis,

in lower Chesapeake Bay with notes on associated

ichthyoplankton. Estuaries 6:20-35. Keywords: lower

Chesapeake Bay, Chesapeake Bay, eggs, larvae,

ichthyoplankton, weakfish, bay anchovy.

Olney, J.E.; Field, J.D.; McGovern, J.C. 1991. Striped bass egg

mortality, production, and female biomass in Virginia rivers, 1980-1989. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120:354-367. Keywords: Virginia, rivers, egg, mortality, production, fecundity, female, biomass, striped bass.

Olsen, C.R. 1979. Radionuclides sedimentation and the accumulation of pollutants in the Hudson estuary. [Ph.D. dissertation.] New York, NY: Columbia University. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, radionuclides, sedimentation, pollutants, estuary.

Olsen, C.R.; Simpson, H.J. 1981. Suspended particle concentrations, compositions and fluxes in the Hudson River

estuary. Estuaries 4:291-307. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, estuary, suspended particle, sedimentation.

Olsen, C.R.; Simpson, H.J.; Bopp, R.F.; Williams, S.C.; Peng,

T.H.; Deck, B.L. 1978. A geochemical analysis of the

sediments and sedimentation in the Hudson estuary. J.

Sediment. Petrol. 48:401-418. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, estuary, geochemical analysis, sediments, petrology.

Olsen, C.R.; Simpson, H.J.; Peng, T.H.; Bopp, R.F.; Trier, R.M.

1981. Sediment mixing and accumulation rate effects on

radionuclide depth profiles in Hudson estuary sediments.

J. Geophys. Res. 86:11020-11028. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, sediments, radionuclides.

Olsen, C.R.; Simpson, H.J.; Trier, R.M. 1981. Plutonium,

radiocesium, and radiocobalt in sediments of the Hudson

River estuary. Earth Planet. Sci. Let. 55:377-392. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, plutonium, radiocesium,

radiocobalt, sediments.

Pace, M.L.; Baines, S.B.; Cyr, H.; Downing, J.A. 1993. Relationships among early life stages of Morone americana

and Morone saxatilis from long-term monitoring of the

Hudson River estuary. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50:1976-

1985. Keywords: Hudson River, early life stages, young,

white perch, striped bass.

Pace, M.L.; Downing, J.A.; Cyr, H.; Baines, S.; Lalond, S. [year

unknown.] Analysis of Hudson River fish populations

from the utilities monitoring program. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 112 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, fish community, population, sampling, larvae, survey, life history, eggs, striped bass, white perch.

Pace, M.L.; Findlay, S.; Lints, D. 1992. Zooplankton in advective environments: the Hudson River community and a

comparative analysis. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49:1060-

1069. Keywords: Hudson River, zooplankton, community, advective transport, advection.

Pacheco, A.L. 1973. Alewife, blueback herring, and American

shad. In: Pacheco, A.L., ed. Proceedings of a workshop

on egg, larval and juvenile stages of fish in Atlantic coast

estuaries. Highlands, NJ: NOAA NMFS Sandy Hook Lab.

Tech. Series Rep. 1; p. 266. Keywords: Atlantic Coast,

estuary, egg, larvae, juvenile, life stages, coastal fishes,

alewife, blueback herring, American shad.

Parsons, T.; Lovett, G. 1992. Effects of land use on the chemistry of Hudson River tributaries. In: Blair, E.A.; Waldman,

J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship

Program, 1991. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation.

Keywords: Hudson River, water chemistry, human impact,

tributary.

Pearson, J.C. 1938. The life history of the striped bass, or

rockfish, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum). U.S. Fish Wildl.

Serv. Fish. Bull. 49:825-851. Keywords: life history, striped

bass.

Pecovitch, A.W. 1979. Distribution and some life history aspects of the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)

in the upper Hudson River estuary. Northbrook, IL:

Hazleton Environmental Science Corporation; 67 p. Keywords: Hudson River, upper Hudson River, New York,

estuary, distribution, life history, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Pekovitch, A.W. 1979. Distribution and some life history aspects of the shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)

in the upper Hudson River estuary. Northbrook, IL:

Hazleton Environmental Science Corporation; 67 p. Keywords: upper Hudson River, Hudson River, distribution,

life history, estuary, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Pendleton, E.C. 1979. Secondary productivity in a salt marsh

estuary. [Ph.D. dissertation.] Raleigh, NC: North Carolina
Page 64

University; 278 p. Keywords: secondary production, productivity, salt marsh, estuary.

Pepin, P. 1991. Effect of temperature and size on development,

mortality and survival rates of the pelagic early life history

stages of marine fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48:503-518.

Keywords: temperature, size, development, mortality, survival, pelagic, early life history, egg, young, stage, marine

fish.

Perlmutter, A.; Schmidt, E.E.; Leff, E. 1967. Distribution and

abundance of fishes along the shores of the lower

Hudson River during the summer of 1965. NY Fish Game

J. 14:47-75. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, lower

Hudson River, distribution, abundance, fishes, shores,

summer, season, 1965.

Perlmutter, A.; Leff, E.; Schmidt, E.E.; Heller, R.; Sicilano. M.

1966. Distribution and abundance of fishes along the

shores of the lower Hudson River during the summer of

1966. In: Hudson River ecology. Albany, NY: Hudson

River Valley Commission; p.147-200. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, lower Hudson River, distribution, abundance, fishes, shores, summer, season, 1966.

Peters, D.S.; Cross, F.A. 1992. What is coastal fish habitat?

Stemming the tide of coastal fish habitat loss. In: Stroud,

R.H., ed. Proceedings of the Symposium on Conservation of Coastal Fish Habitat, Baltimore, MD. Savannah,

GA: National Coalition for Marine Conservation; p. 17-22.

Keyword: habitat.

Peterson, R.H.; Johansen, P.H.; Metcalfe, J.L. 1980. Observations on early life stages of Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus

tomcod. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 78:147-158. Keywords: early

life stages, egg, larva, Atlantic tomcod.

Pirnie, M. 1982. Hudson River estuary fish habitat study.

[Report.] New York, NY: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary, fish habitat.

Pitlo, J., Jr. 1988. An evaluation of largemouth bass populations in the upper Mississippi River, largemouth bass habitat selection. [Study.] Des Moines, IA: Iowa Department

of Natural Resources, Fisheries Bureau. Keywords: Upper Mississippi River, Mississippi River, evaluation, habitat selection, habitat, populations, adult, largemouth bass.

Pizza, J.C.; O’Connor, J.M. 1983. PCB dynamics in Hudson

River striped bass: II. Accumulation from dietary sources.

Aquat. Toxicol. 3:313-327. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, PCBs, accumulation, toxins, diet, food, feeding, adult,

striped bass.

Polgar, T.T. 1982. Factors affecting recruitment of Potomac

River striped bass and resulting implications for management. In: Kennedy, V.S., ed. Estuarine comparisons. New

York: Academic Press; p. 427-442. Keywords: Potomac

River, recruitment, larvae, management, striped bass.

Polgar, T.T.; Mihursky, J.A.; Ulanowicz, R.E.; Morgan, R.P.;

Wilson, J.S. 1976. An analysis of 1974 striped bass spawning success in the Potomac estuary. In: Wiley, M., ed.

Estuarine processes. New York, NY: Academic Press; p.

151-165. Keywords: Potomac River, estuary, 1974, spawning, adult, striped bass.

Polgar, T.T.; Summers, J.K.; Cummins, R.A.; Rose, K.A.;

Heimbuch, D.G. 1985. Investigation of relationships

among pollutant loadings and fish stock levels in northeastern estuaries. Estuaries 8:125-135. Keywords: northeastern US, pollutant, loadings, fish stock levels, estuary.

Powell, J.; Strayer, D.L. 1992. Zebra mussels in the Hudson.

Tidal Exchange 2:1-2. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, zebra mussels.

Powles, H. 1981. Distribution and movements of neustonic

young of estuarine dependent (Mugil sp., Pomatomus

saltatrix) and estuarine independent (Coryphaena sp.)

fishes off the southeastern United States. Rapp. PV Reun.

Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 178:207-209. Keywords: Southeastern United States, Atlantic Ocean, distribution, movements, neustonic young, estuary, fishes, bluefish.

Prandle, D. 1981. Salinity intrusion in estuaries. J. Phys.

Oceanogr. 11:1311-1324. Keywords: salinity, intrusion,

estuary.

Prandle, D.; Rahman, M. 1980. Tidal response in estuaries. J.

Phys. Oceanogr. 10:1552-1573. Keywords: tide, tidal response, estuary.

Prince, E.D.; Barwick, D.H. 1981. Landlocked blueback herring

in two South Carolina reservoirs: reproduction and suitability as stocked prey. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 1:41-45.

Keywords: South Carolina, landlocked, reservoirs, reproduction, stocked prey, adult, blueback herring.

Pritchard, D.W. 1967. What is an estuary? Physical viewpoint. In: Lauff, G., ed. Estuaries. Washington, DC: AAAS

[American Academy for the Advancement of Science]

Spec. Publ. 83; p. 3-5. Keywords: estuary.

Pritchard, D.W. 1969. Dispersion and flushing of pollutants in

estuaries. J. Hydraulics Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng.

95(HY1):115-124. Keywords: pollutant, dispersion, flushing, estuary.

Quirk, Lawler and Matusky (QLM). 1974. Hudson River study:

aquatic factors governing the siting of power plants. [Report.] New York, NY: Empire State Energy Research Corporation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, aquatic

factors, power plant.

Radtke, R.L.; Townsend, D.W.; Folsom, S.D.; Morrison, M.A.

1990. Strontium: calcium concentration ratios in otoliths

of herring larvae as indicators of environmental histories.

Environ. Biol. Fishes 27:51-61. Keywords: larvae, strontium, calcium, otoliths, environment, herring.

Rahn, K.A.; Heaton, R. 1994. Local and distant sources of

contaminants in rain and air of the Lower Hudson Valley:

do the Roseton and Danskammer Point power plants of

Newburgh contribute substantially? An elemental tracer

study. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 78 p. Keywords: Hudson River, contaminants,

pollution, elemental tracers.

Ramnarace, K.D.; Garcia, E.B.; Knizeski, H.M. 1989. The physical, chemical and biological components of two tidal creeks

in the Piermont Marsh system of the Hudson River. In:

Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor

T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1988, Section II. New York,
Page 65

NY: Hudson River Foundation; 48 p. Keywords: Piermont

Marsh, Hudson River, New York, physiology, chemistry,

biology, tidal creeks, marsh.

Raney, E.C. 1952. The life history of the striped bass. Bull.

Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. (Yale Univ.) 14:5-97. Keywords: life history, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass.

Raney, E.C. 1965. Some pan fishes of New York; yellow perch,

white perch, white bass, freshwater drum. NY State Conservationist 19:22-28. Keywords: New York, adult, white

perch.

Raney, E.C.; Woolcott, W.S.; Mehring, A.G. 1954. Migratory

pattern and racial structure of Atlantic Coast striped bass.

Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 19:376-396. Keywords: Atlantic coast, migration, adult, striped bass.

Rathjen, W.F.; Miller, L.C. 1957. Aspect of the life history of

the striped bass (Roccus saxatilis) in the Hudson River.

NY Fish Game J. 4:43-60. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, life history, striped bass.

Rehwoldt, R.E.; Kelley, E.; Mahoney, M. 1977. Investigations

into acute toxicity and some chronic effects of selected

herbicides and pesticides on several freshwater fish species. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18:361-365. Keywords: toxicity, chronic effects, herbicides, pesticides,

pollution, freshwater fish.

Reichheld, B.; Barten, P. 1992. Characterization of critical

streamflow and sediment source areas with geographic

information for the Saw Kill watershed. In: Waldman, J.R.;

Blair, E.A., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1991. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River, Saw Kill, sediment,

streamflow.

Rhoads, D.C.; McCall, P.L.; Yongst, J.Y. 1978. Disturbance and

protection on the estuarine seafloor. Am. Scientist 66:577-586.

Keywords: disturbance, protection, estuary, seafloor.

Richards, S.W. 1959. Pelagic fish eggs and larvae of Long

Island Sound. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale

Univ. 17:95-124. Keywords: Long Island Sound, New York,

Connecticut, ichthyoplankton, pelagic, eggs, larvae.

Richards, S.W. 1976. Age, growth and food of bluefish from

east-central Long Island Sound from July through November 1975. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 105:523-525. Keywords: Long Island Sound, New York, Connecticut, Rhode

Island, age, growth, food, feeding, 1975, adult, bluefish.

Richards, W.J. 1960. The life history, habits and ecology of the

white perch, Roccus americana (Gmelin) in Cross Lake,

New York. [M.S. thesis.] Syracuse, NY: State University

of New York College of Forestry; 113 p. Keywords: Cross

Lake, New York, life history, ecology, adult, white perch.

Richkus, W.A. 1975. Migrating behavior and growth of juvenile anadromous alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, in a

Rhode Island drainage. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:483-493.

Keywords: Rhode Island, drainage, estuary, migration,

behavior, growth, juvenile, anadromous, alewife.

Rieman, B.E.; Beamesderfer, R.C. 1990. White sturgeon in the

Lower Columbia River: Is the stock overexploited? N. Am.

J. Fish. Manage. 10:397-407. Keywords: Columbia River,

white sturgeon, fishery.

Ritchie, D.E.; Koo, T.S.Y. 1968. Movement of juvenile striped

bass in the estuary as determined by tagging and recapture. Chesapeake Biol. Lab. Ref. 68-31. Keywords: movement, juvenile, estuary, tagging, recapture, striped bass.

Robinson, J.B. 1960. The age and growth of striped bass

(Roccus saxatilis) in California. Calif. Fish Game 46:279-

290. Keywords: California, age, growth, adult, striped bass.

Rod, J.P.; Sramek, M.A. 1986. Survey of fishes of Constitution

Island Marsh. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation; 61 p. Keywords: Hudson River, Constitution Island, survey, abundance, seasonal pattern, marsh

habitat, fish community, adult white perch, alewife,

blueback herring.

Rod, S.R.; Ayers, R.U.; Small, M. 1989. Reconstruction of

historical loadings of heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in the Hudson-Raritan basin, 1880-

1980. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 212 p. Keywords: Hudson River, Raritan Bay,

contaminants, loadings.

Rogers, B.A.; Westin, D.T. 1978. A culture methodology for

striped bass. Ecol. Res. Ser. EPA 660/3-78-000. Keywords:

culture, method, egg, striped bass.

Rogers, B.A.; Westin, D.T. 1981. Laboratory studies on effects of temperature and delayed initial feeding on development of striped bass larvae. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

110:121-136. Keywords: temperature, feeding, development, larvae, striped bass.

Rogers, R.A.; Westin, D.T.; Saila, S.B. 1977. Life stage duration studies on Hudson River striped bass, Morone

saxatilis (Walbaum). Univ. Rhode Island, Mar. Tech. Rept.

No. 31; 111 p. Keywords: Hudson River, life stages, life

history, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass.

Rohmann, S.O.; Lilienthal, N. 1985. Tracing a river’s toxic

pollution (phase II): a case study of the Hudson. New

York, NY: INFORM, Inc.; 209 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, river, toxins, pollution, case study.

Ross, Q.E.; Stira, R.J. 1987. Microdistribution of early life

stages of striped bass Morone saxatilis in the Hudson

River estuary. In: Proceedings of a conference on Hudson

River fishes, September 1981. New Paltz, NY: Hudson

River Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River,

estuary, microdistribution, early life stages, striped bass.

Ross, R.M.; Backman, T.W.H.; Bennett, R.M. 1993. Evaluation of habitat suitability index models for riverine life

stages of American shad, with proposed models for premigratory juveniles. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 14; 26

p. Keywords: eggs, larvae, juvenile, adult, spawning, habitat, American shad.

Ross, R.M.; Bennett, R.M. 1993. Morphometric differentiation of American shad and white sucker eggs from riverine samples. J. Freshwater Ecol. Keywords: morphometric differentiation, morphology, white sucker, eggs, riverine samples, river, adult, American shad.
Page 66

Rountree, R.A.; Able, K.W. 1992. Fauna of polyhaline subtidal

marsh creeks in southern New Jersey: composition, abundance and biomass. Estuaries 15:171-185. Keywords:

southern New Jersey, fauna, polyhaline, subtidal, marsh

habitat, creeks, composition, abundance, biomass.

Rozas, L.P.; Hackney, C.T. 1984. The importance of oligohaline

fishes in wetland habitats to fisheries resources. Wetlands 3:77-89. Keywords: salinity, oligohaline, wetlands,

habitat, fisheries, resources.

Runn, P.; Johansson, N.; Milbrink, G. 1977. Some effects of

low pH on the hatchability of eggs of perch. Zoon 5:115-

127. Keywords: pH, acidity, hatching, eggs, white perch.

Ryder, J.A. 1883. Observations on the absorption of the yolk,

the food, feeding, and development of embryo fishes,

comprising some investigations conducted at the Central

Hatchery, Armour Building, Washington, DC, in 1882. U.S.

Comm. Fish. Rept. 2(1882):179-205. Keywords: yolk, food,

feeding, embryos, larvae, development.

Ryder, J.A. 1887. On the development of osseus fishes, including marine and freshwater forms. U.S. Comm. Fish.

Rept. 3(1885):488-604. Keywords: development.

Ryder, J.A. 1888. On the development of the common sturgeon Acipenser sturio. Am. Nat. 22(259):659-660. Keywords: development, sturgeon.

Samuelian, J.H.; O’Connor, J.M. 1992. The analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the estuarine

Hudson River. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation; 328 p. Keywords: Hudson River, PCB congeners, adult, striped bass, white perch.

Sandler, R.; Shroenbrod, D. editors. 1981. The Hudson River

power plant settlement. Conference sponsored by the New

York University School of Law and the Natural Resources

Defense Council, Inc. New York, NY: NYU School of Law;

353 p. Keywords: New York University School of Law,

Hudson River, power plant, estuary, fisheries, striped bass.

Sarabun, C.C. 1993. Observations of a Chesapeake Bay tidal

front. Estuaries 16:68-73. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay,

tidal front, tides.

Sargent, W.; Boreman, J. 1984. Bluefish along the Atlantic

coast. Woods Hole, MA: National Marine Fisheries Service,

Northeast Fish. Cent. Newsl. Spec. Iss. Keywords: Atlantic,

distribution, juvenile, reproduction, season, bluefish.

Savino, J.F.; Stein, R.A. 1982. Predator-prey interaction between largemouth bass and bluegill as mediated by simulated, submerged vegetation. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

111:255-266. Keywords: predator-prey interaction, bluegill, simulation, vegetation, adult, largemouth bass.

Schaaf, W.E.; Peters, D.S.; Coston-Clements, L.; Vaughn, D.S.;

Krouse, C.W. 1993. A simulation model of how life history strategies mediate pollution effects on fish populations. Estuaries 126:697-702. Keywords: simulation,

model, life history, pollution, population.

Schaefer, R.H. 1968. Size, age composition and migration of

striped bass from the surf waters of Long Island. NY Fish

Game J. Keywords: Long Island, Westhampton Beach,

Hudson River, size, age, migration, dispersal, population,

adult, striped bass.

Schaffer, S.A. 1978. Concentrations of organic carbon and

protein in the Hudson estuary near Indian Point. [M.S.

thesis.] New York, NY: New York University. Keywords:

Hudson River, Indian Point, New York, estuary, concentrations, organic carbon, protein.

Schaner, E.; Sherman, K. 1960. Observations on fecundity of

the tomcod, Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum). Copeia

1960:347-348. Keywords: observations, fecundity, adult,

eggs, Atlantic tomcod.

Schmidt, R.E. 1986. Fish community structure in Tivoli North

Bay, a Hudson River freshwater tidal marsh. NOAA Tech.

Rep. Series OCRM/SPD; 47 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

Tivoli Bay, fish community, population, marsh habitat,

freshwater, white perch, blueback herring, alewife, American shad.

Schmidt, R.E. 1992. Temporal and spatial distribution of bay

anchovy eggs through adults in the Hudson River estuary. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s:

Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on

Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of

New York Press; p. 228-241. Keywords: Hudson River,

egg, larva, juvenile, adult, distribution, bay anchovy.

Schmidt, R.E. 1993. Fishes of Manitou Marsh with comments

on other aquatic organisms. [Report.] Cornwall, NY: Museum of the Hudson Highlands; 64 p. Keywords: Manitou

Marsh, Hudson River, marsh habitat, freshwater, white

perch, striped bass, alewife.

Schmidt, R.E. 1993. Identification of Hudson River Morone

larvae. [Draft final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River, identification, larvae.

Schmidt, R.E.; Limburg, K.E.; Stillman, T. 1994. An estimate of

the significance of tributary spawning of alewife (Alosa

pseudoharengus) to the Hudson River estuary. In:

Schmidt, R.E.; Stillman, T., eds. Drift of early life stages of

fishes in Stockport Creek and significance of the phenomenon to the Hudson River estuary. New York, NY: Hudson

River Foundation; p. 23-35. Keywords: Stockport Creek,

Hudson River, spawning, eggs, adult, alewife, blueback

herring.

Schmidt, R.E.; Anderson, A.B.; Limburg, K.E. 1992. Dynamics

of larval fish populations in a Hudson River tidal marsh.

In: Smith, C.L., ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s:

Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on

Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of

New York Press; p. 458-475. Keywords: Hudson River,

Tivoli South Bay, fish community, population, larvae, marsh

habitat, freshwater.

Schmidt, R.E.; Kiviat, E. 1988. Communities of larval and juvenile fish associated with water-chestnut, watermilfoil and

water-celery in the Tivoli Bays of the Hudson River. [Final

report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 35 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, Tivoli Bay, fish community,

larva, juvenile, water-chestnut, watermilfoil, water-celery,

vegetation, habitat.

Schmidt, R.E.; Klauda, R.J.; Bartels, J.M. 1988. Distributions

and movements of the early life stages of three species of
Page 67

Alosa in the Hudson River, with comments on mechanisms to reduce interspecific competition. In: Smith, C.L.,

ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s: Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p.

193-215. Keywords: Hudson River, egg, larva, juvenile,

distribution, size, alewife, blueback herring.

Schmidt, R.E.; Limburg, K.E. 1989. Fishes spawning in nontidal

portions of Hudson River tributaries. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 74 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, spawning.

Schmidt, R.E.; Limburg, K.E. 1990. An estimate of the significance of tributary spawning of alewife (Alosa

pseudoharengus) to the Hudson River estuary. In: Pollution and water resources. New York, NY: Columbia University

Press, Columbia Univ. Seminar Series 22. Keywords: Hudson

River, estuary, tributary, spawning, adult, alewife.

Schmidt, R.E.; Smith, C.L. 1984. Curation of the American

Museum of Natural History Hudson River larval fish collection. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 78 p. Keywords: Hudson River, larvae, specimens, museum fish collection.

Schmidt, R.E.; Stillman, T. 1994. Drift of early life stages of

fishes in Stockport Creek and significance of the phenomenon to the Hudson River estuary, New York, NY. [publisher unknown.] Keywords: Stockport Creek, Hudson

River, fish community, eggs, larvae, juvenile, adult, alewife, white perch.

Schonhoff, B.J., III; Van Vooren, A. 1985. Spawning site selection and seasonal habitat associations of Mississippi River

largemouth bass. [Final report.] Des Moines, IA: Iowa

Conservation Commission; 17 p. Keywords: Mississippi

River, Iowa, spawning, site selection, seasonal, habitat,

adult, largemouth bass.

Schubel, J.R. 1990. A research program for the Hudson River

estuary. [Report.] Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; 135 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, management, research, geology, geochemistry, ecosystem, fish community, hydrology.

Schubel, J.R.; Pritchard, D.W.; Abood, K.A.; Cosper, T.C.;

Gross, M.G.; Hunkins, K.; Malone, T.C.; Terry, O.W.; Weyl,

P.K. 1982. Influences of the Hudson-Raritan estuary on

the New York Bight. Stony Brook, NY: SUNY Marine

Sciences Research Center, Working Paper 9; 82 p. Keywords: Hudson-Raritan estuary, Hudson River, New York,

Raritan River, New Jersey, New York Bight, river, ocean.

Schwartz, F.J. 1960. The perches. Maryland Conservationist

37:20-23. Keywords: perch.

Scofield, E.C. 1931. The life history of the striped bass. Calif.

Div. Fish Game, Fish Bull. 29:26-60. Keywords: California, life history, adult, striped bass.

Scott, W.B.; Christie, W.J. 1963. The invasion of the lower

Great Lakes by the white perch, Roccus americanus

(Gmelin). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 20:1189-1195. Keywords: lower Great Lakes, invasion, nonendemic, introduced species, adult, white perch.

Secor, D.H. 1992. Application of otolith microchemistry analysis to investigate anadromy in Chesapeake Bay striped

bass Morone saxatilis. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 90:798-806.

Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, otolith, anadromy, adult,

striped bass.

Secor, D.H.; Trice, T.M.; Hornick, H.T. 1994. Validation of

otolith-based ageing and a comparison of otolith and scalebased ageing in mark-recaptured Chesapeake Bay striped

bass, Morone saxatilis. Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 93(1):186-190.

Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, otolith, age, ageing, markrecapture, adult striped bass.

Secor, D.H.; Dean, J.M. 1991. Recruitment bottlenecks and the

survival of larval striped bass in the Hudson River. [Final

report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River, larvae, recruitment, survival, hatching, distribution, striped bass.

Secor, D.H.; Dean, J.M. 1992. Comparison of otolith-based

back-calculation methods to determine individual growth

histories of larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Can. J.

Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49:1439-1454. Keywords: otolith, growth,

larvae, striped bass.

Secor, D.H.; Henderson-Arzapalo, A.; Piccoli, P.M. 1995. Can

otolith microchemistry chart patterns of migration and

habitat utilization in anadromous fishes? J. Exp. Mar.

Biol. Ecol. 192(1):15-33. Keywords: otolith, migration,

habitat, anadromy.

Secor, D.H.; Houde, E.D. 1994. Age- and sex- dependent

migrations of Hudson River anadromous striped bass

populations. [Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River

Foundation; 57 p. Keywords: Hudson River, age, sex,

migration, anadromy, adult, striped bass.

Secor, D.H.; Piccoli, P.M. 1996. Age- and sex-dependent migrations of striped bass in the Hudson River as determined by chemical microanalysis of otoliths. Estuaries

19(4):778-793. Keywords: Hudson River, migration, otolith,

age, sex, adult, striped bass.

Seplow, S.; Bokuniewicz, H.J. 1992. Observations on the suspended sediment distribution in the Hudson River estuary. In: Waldman, J.R.; Blair, E.A., eds. Final reports of the

Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1991. New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River,

suspended sediment.

Setzler, E.M.; Boynton, W.R.; Wood, K.V.; Zion, H.H.; Lubbers, L.; Mountford, N.K.; Frere, P.; Tucker, L.; Mihursky,

J.A. 1980. Synopsis of biological data on striped bass,

Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). Boulder, CO: NOAA. NOAA

Tech. Rep. NMFS, Circular 433. Keywords: biology, adult,

striped bass.

Setzler-Hamilton, E.M.; Boynton, W.R.; Mihursky, J.A.; Polgar,

T.T.; Wood, K.V. 1981. Spatial and temporal distribution

of striped bass eggs, larvae and juveniles in Potomac

estuary. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110:121-136. Keywords:

Potomac River, estuary, spatial, temporal, distribution, egg,

larva, juvenile, striped bass.

Setzler-Hamilton, E.M.; Jones, P.W.; Drewry, G.E.; Martin, F.D.;

Ripple, K.; Beaven, M.; Mihursky, J.A. 1981. A compari-
Page 68

son of larval feeding habits among striped bass, white

perch, and Clupeidae in the Potomac estuary. Baltimore,

MD: Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Power

Plant Siting Program, PPRP-65. Keywords: Potomac River,

comparison, feeding habits, food, larvae, estuary, striped

bass, white perch.

Shelton, W.L.; Davies, W.D.; King, T.A.; Timmons, T.J. 1979.

Variation on the growth of the initial year class of largemouth bass on West Point Reservoir, Alabama and Georgia. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 108:142-149. Keywords: West

Point Reservoir, Alabama, Georgia, variation, growth, initial year class, young, largemouth bass.

Shenker, J.M.; Dean, J.M. 1979. The utilization of an intertidal

salt marsh creek by larval and juvenile fishes: abundance,

diversity and temporal variation. Estuaries 2:154-163.

Keywords: intertidal marsh, salt marsh habitat, tide, creek,

larvae, juvenile, fish abundance, fish diversity, temporal

variation, estuary.

Sheppard, J.D. 1976. Valuation of the Hudson River fishery

resources: past, present and future. [Report.] Albany,

NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, valuation, fishery resources.

Sheri, A.N.; Power, G. 1968. Reproduction of white perch,

Roccus americana, in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario. J.

Fish. Res. Board Can. 25:2225-2231. Keywords: Bay of

Quinte, Lake Ontario, reproduction, adult, white perch.

Sheri, A.N.; Power, G. 1969. Validity of the scale method and

back calculations for estimating age and growth of white

perch, Morone americana. Pak. J. Zool. 1:97-111. Keywords: scale method, age, growth, adult, white perch.

Sherman, D.; Schneider, R.; Howarth, R. 1994. Distribution

and abundance of aquatic macrophytes in the freshwater

tidal Hudson River. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, Sect.

Ecology and Systematics; 18 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

aquatic macrophytes, distribution, abundance.

Shortnose Sturgeon Recovery Team. 1981. Shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur, 1818, recovery plan.

[Draft.] Washington, DC: NOAA/NMFS; 120 p. Keywords: management, recovery plan, Lesueur, adult,

shortnose sturgeon.

Sidari, M.; Schmidt, R.E. 1990. Larval fish foods in waterchestnut beds. In: Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds. Final

reports of the 1989 Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program,

Section VI. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 23

p. Keywords: Hudson River, Tivoli South Bay, larvae,

food, feeding, tidal, freshwater, marsh habitat, water-chestnut beds, vegetation.

Simpson, H.J.; Bopp, R.F.; Deck, B.; Clark, J.F. [year unknown.]

Changes in total waste water ammonia loading during the

last two decades in the Hudson River. [Report.] Publisher

unknown; 18 p. Keywords: Hudson River, nutrients, wastewater.

Simpson, H.J.; Bopp, R.F.; Thurber, D. 1973. Salt movement

patterns in the Hudson. In: Proceedings of 3rd Symposium of Hudson River Ecology. New Paltz, NY: Hudson

River Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, salt, movement, salinity.

Simpson, H.J.; Hammond, D.E.; Deck, B.L.; Williams, S.C. 1975.

Nutrient budgets in the Hudson River estuary. In: Church,

T.M., ed. Marine chemistry in the coastal environment.

Washington, DC: American Chemical Society; p. 616-635.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, nutrient, estuary.

Simpson, H.J.; Olsen, C.R.; Williams, S.C.; Trier, R.M. 1976.

Man-made radionuclides and sedimentation in the

Hudson River estuary. Science 194:179-183. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, estuary, sediment radionuclides.

Simpson, K.W.; Bode, R.W.; Fagnani, J.P.; DeNicola, D.M. 1984.

The freshwater macrobenthos of the main channel,

Hudson River: Part B. Biology, taxonomy, and distribution of resident macrobenthic species. New York, NY:

Hudson River Foundation; 202 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, macrobenthos, freshwater, biology, distribution,

taxonomy.

Simpson, K.W.; Bode, R.W.; Novak, M.; Fagnani, J.P.; DeNicola,

D.M. 1988. The benthic macroinvertebrates of the Hudson

River from Troy to Albany, New York. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 145 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, macroinvertebrates, invertebrates, benthos.

Simpson, K.W.; Fagnani, J.P.; Bode, R.W.; De Nicola, D.M.;

Abele, L.E. 1986. Organism-substrate relationships in the

main channel of the lower Hudson River. J. N. Am. Benthol.

Soc. 5:41-57. Keywords: Lower Hudson River, Hudson

River, New York, organism, substrate, benthos.

Sirois, D.L.; Frederick, S.W. 1978. Phytoplankton and primary

production in the lower Hudson River estuary. Estuar.

Coastal Mar. Sci. 7:413-423. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, estuary, phytoplankton, primary production.

Sloan, R.J. 1994. A brief report on PCB in Hudson River

striped bass. Albany, NY: New York State Department of

Environmental Conservation, Div. Fish Wildl. Tech. Rep.

94-3 (BEP);63 p. Keywords: Hudson River, PCB, contaminants, adult, striped bass.

Sloan, R.J.; Armstrong, R.W. 1981. PCB patterns in Hudson

River fish: I. Resident/freshwater species; II. Migrant/

Marine Species. [Unpublished technical report.] Albany,

NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, PCB patterns, fishery, freshwater species, resident species, migrant species, marine species.

Sloan, R.J.; Armstrong, R.W. 1988. PCB patterns in Hudson

River fish: II Migrant and marine species. In: Smith, C.L.,

ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s: Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p.

325-350. Keywords: Hudson River, fish community, marine, contaminants, PCB.

Sloan, R.J.; Hattala, K. 1991. Temporal and spatial aspects of

PCB contamination in Hudson River striped bass. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental

Conservation, Division of Fish and Wildlife, DEC Tech.

Rep. 91-2 (BEP); 91 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New
Page 69

York, temporal, spatial, PCB, contamination, adult, striped

bass.

Sloan, R.J.; Horn, E.G. 1986. Contaminants in Hudson River

striped bass: 1978-1985. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Fish

and Wildlife, DEC Tech. Rep. 86-2 (BEP); 17 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, PCB, contamination, 1978, 1985,

adult, striped bass.

Sloan, R.J.; Sheppard, J.D. 1978. Spatial and temporal distributions of PCB concentrations in Hudson River fish: a preliminary assessment. In: Abstracts, 34th Northeast Fish

and Wildlife Conference, White Sulphur Springs, WV.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, spatial distribution,

temporal distribution, PCB, contamination, fish.

Sloan, R.J.; Stang, D.; O’Connell, E.A. 1988. Ten years of

monitoring PCBs in Hudson River striped bass. Albany,

NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Fish and Wildlife, DEC Tech. Rep.

88-2 (BEP); 38 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York,

monitoring, history, PCB, contamination, adult, striped

bass.

Sloan, R.J.; Young, B.; McKown, K.; Vecchio, V. 1991. PCB in

striped bass from New York marine waters. Albany, NY:

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Fish and Wildlife, DEC Tech. Rep. 91-1

(BEP); 61 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, PCB,

contamination, estuary, adult, striped bass.

Smith, C.E.; Peck, T.H.; Klauda, R.J.; McLaren, J.B. 1979.

Hepatomas in Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod

(Walbaum) collected in the Hudson River estuary in NY.

J. Fish Dis. 2:313-319. Keywords: Hudson River, New York,

estuary, hepatomas, liver cancer, adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Smith, C.L. 1985. The Inland Fishes of New York State. Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental

Conservation; 522 p. Keywords: New York, Hudson River.

Smith, C.L. 1988. Introduction. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries

research in the Hudson River. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 1-4. Keywords: Hudson River.

Smith, C.L.; Lake, T.R. 1990. Documentation of the Hudson

River fish fauna. New York, NY: American Museum of

Natural History; 17 p. Keywords: Hudson River.

Smith, E. 1897. The fishes of the fresh and brackish waters in

the vicinity of New York City. Proc. Linnaea Soc. NY 9:1-

51. Keywords: New York City, Hudson River, New York,

fishes, fresh water, brackish water.

Smith, T.I.J.; Collins, M.R.; Kennedy, E. 1993. Identification of

critical habitat requirements of shortnose sturgeon in

South Carolina. [Final report.] Washington, DC: Department

of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 102 p. Keywords: South Carolina, Savannah River, habitat, movements,

spawning, behavior, growth, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Smith, T.I.J.; Lamprecht, S.D.; Hall, J.W. 1990. Evaluation of

tagging techniques for shortnose sturgeon and Atlantic

sturgeon. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 7:134-141. Keywords:

tagging techniques, mark and recapture, population, adult,

shortnose sturgeon, Atlantic sturgeon.

Smith, W.G. 1980. What studies of young fish tell about fish

populations. Underwater Nat. 12(4):9-16. Keywords:

young fish, juvenile, population, early life history.

Squires, D.F. 1991. Determining the area of man-made land,

New Jersey shore, lower Hudson region. [Final report.]

New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 6 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, New Jersey shore, man-made land, habitat

loss, human impact.

Squires, D.F. 1992. Quantifying anthropogenic shoreline modification of the Hudson River and estuary from European

contact to modern time. Coast. Manage. 20:343-354. Keywords: Hudson River, anthropogenic modifications, human impact, marsh habitat, wetland loss, historical shorelines, history.

St. Pierre, R.A.; Davis, J. 1972. Age, growth and mortality of

the white perch, Morone americana (Gmelin), in the James

and York Rivers. Chesapeake Sci. 13:272-281. Keywords:

James River, York River, Chesapeake Bay, age, growth,

mortality, adult, white perch.

Stained, D.M.; McCormick, J.M.; Molter, H.G. 1984. Seasonal

survey of the macrobenthos of Raritan Bay. Bull. NJ

Acad. Sci. 29:121-132. Keywords: New Jersey, Raritan

Bay, Raritan River, Hudson River, seasonal, survey,

macrobenthos.

Stumble, F.N.; Caracal-Ward, J.; From, S.; McGrath, R. 1989.

The 1973-1974 benthic microfaunal and sediment survey

of Raritan Bay: data report. NOAA/NMFS Northeast Fish.

Sci. Cent. Ref. Doc. 89-07; 28 p. Keywords: Raritan Bay,

Raritan River, Hudson River, 1973-1974, benthic microfauna, benthos, sediment, survey.

Stein, J.J.; Wilson, K.A. 1992. Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)

distribution and habitat utilization in the lower Hudson

River and its tributaries. In: Blair, E.A.; Waldman, J.R.,

eds. Final reports of the 1991 Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship

Program. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 24 p.

Keywords: Lower Hudson River, blue crab, distribution,

habitat utilization, tributary.

Steinberg, N.D. 1994. Young-of-the-year bluefish (Pomatomus

saltatrix) consumption in the Hudson River estuary: a

bioenergenic modeling approach. [M.S. thesis.] Stony

Brook, NY: State University of New York; 100 p. Keywords: Hudson River, young-of-the-year, consumption,

food, feeding, model, bioenergetics, estuary, bluefish.

Stepien, J.C.; Malone, T.C.; Chervin, M.B. 1981. Copepod

communities in the estuary and coastal plume of the

Hudson River. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 13:185-195. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary, coast, plume,

copepod, community.

Stevens, D.E. 1977. Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) year

class strength in relation to river flow in the SacramentoSan Joaquin estuary, California. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

106:34-42. Keywords: Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary,

California, year class strength, river flow, estuary, young,

striped bass.

Stevenson, D.K.; Knowles, R.L. 1988. Physical characterization of herring egg beds on the eastern Maine coast. In:
Page 70

Babb, I; DeLuca, M., eds. Benthic productivity and marine resources of the Gulf of Maine. Washington, DC:

U.S. Department of Commerce, Natl. Undersea Res. Rep.

88-3. Keywords: Gulf of Maine, Maine, characteristics,

herring, egg, benthos.

Stevenson, K.A.; Armstrong, R.; Schell, W.R. 1986. Chronological determination of mercury, lead, and cadmium in

two Hudson River freshwater tidal marshes. In: Cooper,

J.C., ed. Polgar Fellowship report of the Hudson River

National Estuarine Sanctuary Program, 1985. New York,

NY: Hudson River Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, chronology, mercury, lead, cadmium, freshwater, tidal marsh, marsh.

Stevenson, R.A., Jr. 1958. A biology of the anchovies, Anchoa

mitchilli mitchilli Cuvier and Valenciennes 1848 and

Anchoa hepsetus hepsetus Linnaeus 1758. [M.S. thesis.]

Newark, DE: University of Delaware; 56 p. Keywords:

adult, bay anchovy.

Stier, D.J.; Crance, J.H. 1985. Habitat suitability index models

and instream flow suitability curves: American shad. U.S.

Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82 (10.88); 34 p. Keywords:

habitat, index models, instream flow, suitability curves,

adult, American shad.

Stira, R.J.; Smith, B.A. 1976. The distribution of early life

stages of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the

Hudson River estuary. In: Proceedings of a workshop on

American shad. Washington, DC: U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv./

Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv.; p. 179-189. Keywords: Hudson

River, distribution, life stages, eggs, larvae. American shad.

Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation. 1975. First

progress report Indian Point flume study. [Report.] New

York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords:

Hudson River, impingement, entrainment, powerplant,

estuary, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass.

Stone, H.H.; Daborn, G.R. 1987. Diet of alewives, Alosa

pseudoharengus and blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis

(Pisces: Clupeidae) in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, a turbid,

macrotidal estuary. Environ. Biol. Fishes 19:55-67. Keywords: Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, diet, food, turbidity,

macrotidal estuary, tide, adult, alewife, blueback herring.

Storm, P.C.; Heffner, R.L. 1976. A comparison of phytoplankton abundance, chlorophyll a and water quality facts in

the Hudson River and its tributaries. In: Hudson River

Ecology, 4th symposium. New Paltz, NY: Hudson River

Environmental Society. Keywords: Hudson River, New

York, tributary, phytoplankton, abundance, chlorophyll a,

water quality.

Strand, I.E.; Norton, V.J.; Adriance, J.G. 1980. Economic aspects of commercial striped bass harvest. In: Clepper, H.,

ed. Proceedings, 5th Annual Marine Recreational Fisheries Symposium. Washington, DC: Sports Fishing Institute; p. 51-62. Keywords: harvest, fishery, economics,

commercial fishing, adult, striped bass.

Strayer, D. 1987. Ecology and zoogeography of the freshwater

mollusks of the Hudson River basin. Malacol. Rev. 20:1-

68. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, ecology, zoogeography, freshwater mollusks, river basin.

Strayer, D. 1987. The invertebrate fauna of groundwater discharges in the mid-Hudson valley. [Final report.] New

York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 18 p. Keywords:

Hudson River, invertebrates, groundwater.

Strayer, D.L.; Hunter, D.C.; Smith, L.C.; Borg, C.K. 1994. Distribution, abundance, and roles of freshwater clams

(Bivalvia:Unionidae) in the freshwater tidal Hudson River.

Freshw. Biol. 31:239-248. Keywords: Hudson River, freshwater clams.

Stross, R.G.; Sokol, R.C. 1989. Runoff and flocculation modify

underwater light environment of the Hudson River estuary. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 29:305-316. Keywords:

Hudson River, New York, runoff, flocculation, light, underwater environment, estuary.

Summers, J.K.; Polgar, T.T.; Tarr, J.A.; Rose, K.A.; Heimbuch,

D.G.; McCurley, J.; Cummins, R.A.; Johnson, G.F.; Yetman,

K.T.; DiNardo, G.T. 1985. Reconstruction of long-term

time series for commercial fisheries abundance and estuarine pollution loading. Estuaries 8:114-124. Keywords:

long-term time series, commercial, fishery, abundance,

estuarine, pollution, loading.

Sykes, J.E.; Lehman, B.A. 1957. Past and present Delaware

River shad fishery and considerations for its future. U.S.

Fish Wildl. Serv. Res. Rep. 46; 25 p. Keywords: Delaware

River, fishery, adult, American shad.

Talbot, G.B. 1954. Factors associated with fluctuations in

abundance of Hudson River shad. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.

Fish. Bull. 58(142):473-490. Keywords: Hudson River,

abundance, adult, American shad.

Talbot, G.B.; Sykes, J.E. 1958. Atlantic coast migration of

American shad. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull.

58(142):473-490. Keywords: migration, adult, American

shad.

Tao, Y.; Hodson, R.G.; Sullivan, C.V. 1991. Vitellogenin and

vitellogenesis in striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Am. Zool.

31:41A. Keywords: vitellogenin, vitellogenesis, egg,

striped bass.

Tarr, J.T.; McCurley, J.; Jacobson, C.; McCauley, K.; Stevens,

D. 1985. Pollution trends in five estuaries, 1880-1980, the

Potomac, the Delaware, the Hudson-Raritan, the Connecticut, the Narragansett. [Unpublished report.] Pittsburgh,

PA: Carnegie Mellon University. Keywords: Potomac

River, Washington, D.C., Maryland, Delaware River, Delaware, Hudson River, New York, Raritan River, New York,

Connecticut River, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New

Hampshire, Vermont, Narragansett River, Rhode Island,

estuary, pollution, 1880-1980.

Taub, S.H. 1966. Some aspects of the life history of the white

perch, Roccus americana (Gmelin), in Quabbin Reservoir,

Massachusetts. [M.S. thesis.] Amherst, MA: University

of Massachusetts; 63 p. Keywords: Quabbin Reservoir,

Massachusetts, life history, adult, white perch.

Taub, S.H. 1969. Fecundity of the white perch. Prog. FishCult. 31:166-168. Keywords: fecundity, adult, white perch.

Taubert, B.D. 1980. Reproduction of shortnose sturgeon

(Acipenser brevirostrum) in Holyoke Pool of Connecticut River, Massachusetts. Copeia 1980:114-117. Key-
Page 71

words: Holyoke Pool, Connecticut River, Massachusetts,

reproduction, adult, shortnose sturgeon.

Taubert, B.D.; Dadswell, M.J. 1980. Description of some larval

shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) in Holyoke

Pool of Connecticut River, Massachusetts and the Saint

John River, New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. Zool. 58:1125-

1128. Keywords: Holyoke Pool, Connecticut River, Massachusetts, Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada,

description, larva, shortnose sturgeon.

Taubert, B.D.; Tranquilli, J. 1980. Use of daily rings in otoliths

of largemouth bass and threadfin shad to determine age,

growth, and time of spawning. Prepared for: 110th Annual Meeting, American Fisheries Society, Louisville, KY.

Keywords: otoliths, age, growth, spawning, threadfin

shad, adult, largemouth bass, threadfin shad.

Tebo, L.B., Jr.; McCoy, E.G. 1964. Effect of sea-water concentration on the reproduction and survival of largemouth

bass and bluegills. Prog. Fish-Cult. 26:9-106. Keywords:

salinity, sea-water, reproduction, survival, bluegill, adult,

largemouth bass.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1974. Hudson River ecological study

in the area of Indian Point. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords: Hudson River,

Indian Point, ecology.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1975. Final report of the synoptic

subpopulation analysis: Phase I. Report on the feasibility

of using innate tags to identify striped bass (Morone

saxatilis) from various spawning rivers. [Report.] New

York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords:

population, mark, tagging, spawning, adult, striped bass.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1976. 1975 Cornwall transect data

display. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison

Company; 39 p. Keywords: Hudson River, population,

abundance, distribution, egg, larva, fishery, estuary,

ichthyoplankton, striped bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1976. Hudson River ecological study

in the area of Indian Point: thermal effects report. [Report.]

New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords:

Indian Point, Hudson River, New York, ecology, thermal

effects, temperature.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1976. Predation by bluefish in the

lower Hudson River. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company; 23 p. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, lower Hudson River, predation, mortality, adult,

bluefish, striped bass.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1976. Report on the relative contribution of Hudson River striped bass to the Atlantic coastal

fishery. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison

Company; 101 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York,

Atlantic Ocean, fishery, coastal fishery, stock, estuary,

adult, striped bass.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1977. 1974 year class report for the

multi-plant impact study of the Hudson River. [Report.]

New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company; 250 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, population, life

history, impingement, entrainment, eggs, larva, juvenile,

striped bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1977. 1976 fisheries data display. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, 1976, fishery.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1977. 1976 ichthyoplankton data display. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, 1976,

ichthyoplankton.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1978. 1975 year class report for the

multi-plant impact study of the Hudson River. [Report.]

New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company; 450 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, population, life

history, impingement, entrainment, eggs, larva, juvenile,

striped bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1978. 1977 fisheries data display. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, 1977, fishery.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1978. 1977 ichthyoplankton data display. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, 1977,

ichthyoplankton.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1978. Catch efficiency of 100-ft (30-m)

beach seines for estimating density of young of the year

striped bass and white perch in the shore zone of the

Hudson River estuary. [Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords: Hudson River, young

of the year, population, abundance, age, estuary, fishery,

striped bass, white perch.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1979. 1976 year class report for the

multi-plant impact study of the Hudson River estuary.

[Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company;

650 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, 1976, year

class report, power plants, impact study, estuary, egg,

larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass, white perch, Atlantic

tomcod.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1979. 1977 year class report for the

multi-plant impact study of the Hudson River. [Report.]

New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company of New

York; 850 p. Keywords: Hudson River, power plant, population, life history, impingement, entrainment, eggs, larva,

juvenile, striped bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1979. 1978 water quality data display.

[Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, 1978, water quality.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1979. Efficiency of 100-ft (30-m) beach

seines for estimating shore zone densities at night of juvenile striped bass, juvenile white perch and yearling and

older (<150 mm) white perch. [Report.] New York, NY:

Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords: juvenile, immature adult, night, population, abundance, age, estuary,

fishery, striped bass, white perch.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1980. 1978 year class report for the

multi-plant impact study of the Hudson River estuary.

[Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, power plant, impact
Page 72

study, 1978, estuary, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped

bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Texas Instruments, Inc. 1981. 1979 year class report for the

multi-plant impact study of the Hudson River estuary.

[Report.] New York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, 1979, year class report, power plants, impact study, estuary, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass, white perch, Atlantic tomcod.

Thayer, G.W.; Wolfe, D.A.; Williams, R.B. 1975. The impact of

man on seagrass systems. Am. Sci. 63:288-296. Keywords: impact, human, seagrass systems, vegetation.

Thoits, C.F.; Mullan, J.W. 1958. A compendium of the life

history and ecology of the white perch, Morone

americana (Gmelin). Mass. Div. Fish Game, Fish Sec.,

Fish. Bull. 24; 19 p. Keywords: life history, ecology, adult,

white perch.

Timmons, T.J.; Shelton, W.L.; Davies, W.D. 1980. Differential

growth of largemouth bass on West Point Reservoir, Alabama and Georgia. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 109:176-186.

Keywords: West Point Reservoir, Alabama, Georgia, variation, growth, initial year class, young, largemouth bass.

Tofflemire, T.J.; Hetling, L.J.; Quinn, S.O. 1979. PCB in the

upper Hudson River: Sediment distributions, water interactions and dredging. Bur. Water Res., DEC Tech. Rep.

55; 68 p. Keywords: Hudson River, Upper Hudson River,

New York, PCB, sedimentation, water interactions, water,

dredging.

Townes, H.K. 1937. Studies on the food organisms of fish: a

biological survey of the Lower Hudson Watershed. [Suppl.

26th Annual Report.] Albany, NY: New York State Conservation Department; p. 217-230. Keywords: Lower

Hudson Watershed, Lower Hudson River, Hudson River,

New York, food, feeding, fish diet, biology, survey.

Townsend, D.W.; Radtke, R.L.; Morrison, M.A.; Folsom, S.D.

1989. Recruitment implications of larval herring overwintering distributions in the Gulf of Maine, inferred using a

new otolith technique. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 55:1-13.

Keywords: Gulf of Maine, recruitment, larva, overwintering, distribution, otolith, herring.

Trent, L.; Hassler, W.W. 1968. Gill net selection, migration, size

and age composition, sex ratio, harvest efficiency, and

management of striped bass in the Roanoke River, North

Carolina. Chesapeake Sci. 9:217-232. Keywords: Roanoke

River, North Carolina, Chesapeake Bay, gill net, net selection, migration, size, age, sex, sex ratio, harvest efficiency,

management, adult, striped bass.

Turner, J.T. 1982. The annual cycle of zooplankton on a Long

Island estuary. Estuaries 4:261-274. Keywords: Long Island

Sound, New York, annual cycle, zooplankton, estuary.

Tyus, H.M. 1974. Movements and spawning of anadromous

alewives Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson) at Lake

Mattamuskeet, North Carolina. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.

103:392-395. Keywords: Lake Mattamuskeet, North Carolina, movements, spawning, anadromous, adult, alewife.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and New York State Department

of Transportation. 1985. Record of decision, with attached section 404(b)(1) Westway. New York, NY: U.S.

Army Corps of Engineers; 107 p. Keywords: adult, environment, striped bass.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1984. Final supplemental environmental impact statement: Westside Highway Project:

Vol. II. Fisheries portion. New York, NY: U.S. Army Corps

of Engineers; 200 p. Keywords: Hudson River, adult, environment, striped bass.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Coastal Ecology Group of

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1982. Species profiles: life

histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes

and invertebrates (mid-Atlantic): Vol. I. Washington, DC:

U.S. Department of the Interior. Keywords: Atlantic coast,

life history, habitat, adult, reproduction, young, striped

bass, alewife, blueback herring, American shad, bluefish,

bay anchovy.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1997. Significant habitats and

habitat complexes of the New York Bight watershed.

Charlestown, RI: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southern

New England-New York Bight Coastal Ecosystems Program. Keywords: Hudson River, New York Bight, habitat,

management

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1981. Standards for the development of habitat suitability index models. Washington,

DC: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 103-ESM. Keywords:

standards, habitat suitability, habitat, index models.

Ulanowicz, R.E.; Polgar, T.T. 1980. Influences of anadromous

spawning behavior and optimal environmental conditions

upon striped bass (Morone saxatilis) year-class success.

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 37:143-154. Keywords: anadromous, fishes, spawning, behavior, environment, yearclass, adult, striped bass.

Uphoff, J.H. 1989. Environmental effects on survival of eggs,

larvae, and juveniles of striped bass in the Choptank River,

Maryland. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 118:251-263. Keywords:

Maryland, Choptank River, eggs, larvae, juveniles, survival, environment, habitat, striped bass.

Van Den Avyle, M.J. 1973. Estimates of production of age I

and age II largemouth bass in a 3-hectare reservoir. [M.S.

thesis.] Ames, IA: Iowa State University; 102 p. Keywords: estimates, production, age I, age II, reservoir,

young, largemouth bass.

Van Eenennaam, J.P.; Doroshov, S.I.; Moberg, G.P.; Watson,

J.G.; Moore, D.S.; Linares, J. 1996. Reproductive conditions of the Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus)

broodstock in the Hudson River. Estuaries 19(4): 769-

777. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, reproduction,

broodstock, adult, Atlantic sturgeon.

Van Winkle, W.; Kirk, B.L.; Rust, B.W. 1979. Periodicities in

Atlantic coast striped bass (Morone saxatilis) commercial fisheries data. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36:54-62.

Keywords: Atlantic Coast, commercial fisheries, fishery,

adult, striped bass.

Vaque, D.; Pace, M.L.; Findlay, S.; Lints, D. 1992. Fate of

bacterial production in a heterotrophic ecosystem: grazing by protozoans and metazoans in the Hudson estuary.
Page 73

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 89:155-163. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, bacteria, heterotrophic ecosystem, grazing, protozoans, metazoans, estuary.

Vaughan, D.S.; Van Winkle, W. 1982. Corrected analysis of the

ability to detect reductions in year-class strength of the

Hudson River white perch (Morone americana) population. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39:782-785. Keywords:

Hudson River, year-class strength, population, young,

white perch.

Versar, Inc. 1987. 1985 year class report for the Hudson River

Estuary Monitoring Program: Vols. I-II. [Report.] New

York, NY: Consolidated Edison Company. Keywords:

Hudson River, ecology, biology, power plant, entrainment,

impingement, egg, larva, juvenile, adult, striped bass, Atlantic tomcod, white perch.

Vladykov, V.D.; Wallace, D.H. 1952. Studies of the striped

bass, Roccus saxatilis (Walbaum), with special reference

to the Chesapeake Bay region during 1936-1938. Bull.

Bingham Oceanogr. Collect. Yale Univ. 14:132-177. Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, 1936, 1937, 1938, adult, striped

bass.

Von Geldern, C.E., Jr. 1971. Abundance and distribution of

fingerling largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, as

determined by electrofishing at Lake Nacimiento, California. Calif. Fish Game 57:228-245. Keywords: Lake

Nacimiento, California, abundance, distribution, juvenile,

largemouth bass.

Vouglitois, J.J. 1983. The ichthyofauna of Barnegat Bay, New

Jersey: relationships between long term temperature fluctuations and the population dynamics and life history of

temperate estuarine fishes during a five year period, 1976-

1980. [M.S. thesis.] New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University; 304 p. Keywords: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, relationships, ichthyofauna, fish, temperature, population, life

history, estuary.

Walburg, C.H. 1956. Observations on the food and growth of

juvenile American shad, Alosa sapidissima. Trans. Am.

Fish. Soc. 86:302-306. Keywords: juvenile, food, growth,

American shad.

Walburg, C.H. 1960. Abundance and life history of the shad,

St. Johns River, Florida. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Res. Bull.

60(177):487-501. Keywords: St. Johns River, Florida, abundance, life history, adult, American shad.

Walburg, C.H. 1963. Parent-progeny relation and estimation

of optimum yield for American shad in the Connecticut

River. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 92:436-439. Keywords: Connecticut River, adult, offspring, young, American shad.

Walburg, C.H.; Nichols, P.R. 1967. Biology and management

of the American shad and status of the fisheries, Atlantic

coast of the United States, 1960. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.,

Spec. Sci. Rept., Fish. 550; 105 pp. Keywords: management, biology, American shad.

Waldman, J.R.; Andreyko, H. 1993. Variation in patterns of

interdigitation among supraneurals, pterygiophores, and

vertebral elements diagnostic for striped bass and white

perch. Copeia 1993:1097-1193. Keywords: Hudson River,

identification, morphology, adult, larvae, striped bass,

white perch.

Waldman, J.R.; Dunning, D.J.; Ross, Q.E.; Mattson, M.T. 1990.

Range dynamics of Hudson River striped bass along the

Atlantic Coast. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 119:910-919. Keywords: Hudson River, Atlantic coast, range, distribution,

population, adult, striped bass.

Walford, L.A. 1971. Review of aquatic resources and hydrodynamic characteristics of Raritan Bay, Lower New York

and Sandy Hook Bays. [Report.] Highlands, NJ: NOAA/

NMFS Sandy Hook Sport Fisheries Marine Laboratory;

80 p. Keywords: New York, Raritan Bay, Raritan River,

Hudson River, Lower New York Bay, Sandy Hook Bay,

estuary, aquatic resources, hydrodynamic.

Wallace, D.C. 1971. Age, growth, year class strength, and

survival rates of white perch, Morone americana (Gmelin),

in the Delaware River in the vicinity of Artificial Island.

Chesapeake Sci. 12:205-218. Keywords: Delaware River,

Artificial Island, Chesapeake Bay, age, growth, year class

strength, survival rates, adult, white perch.

Wallin, J.; Van Den Avyle, M.J.; Griffin, M.C. 1993. Reproduction, recruitment and habitat requirements of striped bass

in the Savannah River. [Report.] 68 p. Keywords: Savannah River, Georgia, river, reproduction, recruitment, habitat requirements, nursery, juvenile, stocking, population,

striped bass.

Walters, C.J.; Collie, J.S. 1988. Is research on environmental

factors useful to fisheries management? Can. J. Fish.

Aquat. Sci. 45:1848-1854. Keywords: environment, fisheries management, fishery.

Walters, C.J.; Juanes, F. 1993. Recruitment limitation as a

consequence of natural selection for use of restricted feeding habitats and predation risk taking by juvenile fishes.

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50:2058-2070. Keywords: recruitment, natural selection, feeding, food, habitat, predation,

juvenile, fishes.

Walton, C.J. 1981. Population biology and management of the

alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Maine. [Annual report.] Keywords: Maine, population, biology, management, adult, alewife.

Walton, W.C. 1993. The invasion of the Hudson River estuary

by the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. [M.S. thesis.] Rutgers, NJ: State University of New Jersey; 118 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary, invasion,

zebra mussel.

Walton, W.C.; Grassle, F.; Carlton, J. 1993. The invasion of the

Hudson River estuary by the zebra mussel, Dreissena

polymorpha, and its subsequent range overlap with the

false dark mussel, Mytilopsis leucophaeata. In: Blair,

E.A.; Waldman, J.R., eds. Final reports of the Tibor T.

Polgar Fellowship Program, 1992, Section VII. New York,

NY: Hudson River Foundation; 31 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, New York, introduced species, non-indigenous,

estuary, range, zebra mussel, false dark mussel.

Watson, L.C. 1978. Methods for spawning and hatching Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod). [M.S. thesis.] Source
Page 74

unknown. Keywords: spawning, hatching, methods,

adult, Atlantic tomcod.

Watson, L.C. 1978. Tomcod eggs: sticky or slippery. Texas

Instruments Science Services News 4(2). Keywords: egg,

Atlantic tomcod.

Watson, L.C. 1987. Spawning and hatching Atlantic tomcod.

Prog. Fish-Cult. 49:69-71. Keywords: spawning, hatching, adult, egg, Atlantic tomcod.

Weaver, J.E. 1975. Food selectivity, feeding chronology, and

energy transformation of juvenile alewife (Alosa

pseudoharengus) in the James River near Hopewell, Virginia. [Ph.D. dissertation.] Charlottesville, VA: University

of Virginia. Keywords: Hopewell, Virginia, James River,

food selectivity, feeding, energy transformation, juvenile,

alewife.

Weinstein, L.H., editor. 1977. An atlas of the biological resources of the Hudson River estuary. Yonkers, NY: Boyce

Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Inc.; 104 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, atlas, biological resources,

estuary.

Weinstein, M.P. 1979. Shallow marsh habitats as primary nurseries for fishes and shellfishes, Cape Fear, North Carolina.

Fish. Bull. (U.S.) 77:339-357. Keywords: Cape Fear, North

Carolina, shallow, marsh habitat, nursery, fishes,

shellfishes.

Weinstein, M.P.; Weiss, S.L.; Walters, M.F. 1980. Multiple

determinants of community structure in shallow marsh

habitats, Cape Fear River estuary, North Carolina, USA.

Mar. Biol. 58:227-243. Keywords: Cape Fear River, North

Carolina, marsh habitat, community structure.

Wells, A.W.; Matousek, J.A.; Hutchinson, J.B. 1992. Abundance trends in Hudson River white perch. In: Smith,

C.L., ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s: Hudson River

Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River

Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press;

p. 242-264. Keywords: Hudson River, abundance, trends,

adult, white perch.

Wells, A.W.; Matousek, J.A.; Hutchison, J.B. 1992. Abundance trends in Hudson River white perch. In: Smith, C.L.,

ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s: Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Keywords:

Hudson River, abundance, trends, adult, white perch.

Wells, A.W.; Randall, D.M.; Dunning, D.J.; Young, J.R. 1991.

Dispersal of young-of-the-year striped bass in the Hudson

River. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 11(3):381-392. Keywords:

Hudson River, YOY, young-of-the-year, dispersal, stocking, power plant, striped bass.

Wells, A.W.; Young, R.J. 1992. Long-term variability and predictability of Hudson River physical and chemical characteristics. In: Smith, C.L., ed. Estuarine Research in the

1980s: Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 29-58. Keywords: Hudson

River.

Westin, D.T.; Rogers, B.A. 1978. Synopsis of biological data

on the striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum). Univ.

Rhode Island. Mar. Tech. Rep. No. 67; 153 p. Keywords:

biology, adult, striped bass.

White, J.R.; Roman, M.R. 1992. Seasonal study of grazing by

metazoan zooplankton in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay.

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 86:251-261. Keywords: Chesapeake

Bay, seasonal, grazing, metazoan zooplankton, mesohaline.

Wilk, S.J. 1977. Biological and fisheries data on bluefish,

Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus). NOAA/NMFS Sandy

Hook Lab. Tech. Ser. Rep. 11; 56 p. Keywords: biology,

fishery, morphometrics, distribution, life history, bionomics, population structure, adult, bluefish.

Will, R.; Houston, L.J. 1992. Fish distribution survey of Newark Bay, New Jersey, May 1987-April 1988. In: Smith, C.L.,

ed. Estuarine Research in the 1980s: Hudson River Environmental Society, 7th Symposium on Hudson River Ecology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p.

428-445. Keywords: Newark Bay, New Jersey, fish, distribution, survey.

Williams, R.O.; Bruger, G.E. 1972. Investigations of American

shad in the St. Johns River. Fla. Dept. Nat. Res., Tech. Ser.

66; 49 p. Keywords: St. Johns River, adult, American

shad.

Williams, S.C.; Simpson, H.J.; Olsen, C.R.; Bopp, R.F. 1978.

Sources of heavy metals in sediments in the Hudson River

estuary. Mar. Chem. 6:195-213. Keywords: Hudson River,

New York, estuary, heavy metals sediments.

Wilson, K.A.; Able, K.W. 1992. Blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)

habitat utilization and survival in the Hudson River. [Final

report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; 60 p.

Keywords: Hudson River, blue crab, habitat utilization,

survival.

Winter, J.D. 1977. Summer home range movements and habitat

use by four largemouth bass in Mary Lake, Minnesota.

Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 106:323-330. Keywords: Mary Lake,

Minnesota, summer, seasonal, home range, movements,

habitat, adult, largemouth bass.

Winters, G.H.; Moores, J.A.; Chaulk, R. 1973. Northern range

extension and probable spawning of gaspereau (Alosa

pseudoharengus) in the Newfoundland area. J. Fish. Res.

Board Can. 30:860-861. Keywords: Newfoundland, range,

distribution, spawning, adult, alewife.

Wirgin, I.; Maceda, L.; Waldman, J.R.; Crittenden, R.N. 1993.

Use of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms to estimate

the relative contributions of the Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay striped bass to the mixed fishery on the Atlantic Coast. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 122:669-684. Keywords:

Hudson River, Chesapeake Bay, Atlantic coast, mitochondrial DNA, polymorphisms, fishery, population, adult,

striped bass.

Wofsy, S.C.; McElroy, B.M.; Elkins, J.W. 1981. Transformations of nitrogen in a polluted estuary: nonlinearities in

the demand for oxygen at low flow. Science 213:754-757.

Keywords: nitrogen, pollution, estuary, oxygen.

Woodhead, P.M.J. 1991. Inventory and characterizations of

habitat and fish resources, and assessment of information on toxic effects in New York-New Jersey Harbor estuary. [Report.] Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Pro-
Page 75

tection Agency; 210 p. Keywords: New York Harbor, New

Jersey Harbor, estuary, inventory, habitat, fish, resources,

toxic.

Woodhead, P.M.J. 1991. The fish community of New York

Harbor: spatial and temporal distributions of major species. In: Proceedings of the Conference on the Impacts of

New York Harbor Development on Aquatic Resources,

1987. New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation; p. 103-

122. Keywords: New York Harbor, Hudson River, New

York, fish, community, spatial, temporal, distributions.

Woodhead, P.M.J.; Rohlf, F.J.; O’Hare, M.A. 1992. The structure of the fish community and distribution of major species in the lower Hudson estuary and New York harbor.

[Final report.] New York, NY: Hudson River Foundation;

178 p. Keywords: Hudson River, New York harbor,

hogchoker, windowpane flounder, winter flounder, distribution, habitat, fish community, adult, bay anchovy, Atlantic tomcod, striped bass, white perch.

Woodin, S.A.; Jackson, J.B.C. 1979. Interphyletic competition

among marine benthos. Am. Zool. 19:1029-1043. Keywords: interphyletic competition, benthos.

Woods, L.C., III; Bennett, R.O.; Sullivan, C.V. 1992. Reproduction of a domestic striped bass broodstock: monitoring

maturation and hormonal induction of spawning.

Aquacult. Fish Manage. 24:213-224. Keywords: reproduction, broodstock, maturation, hormonal induction,

spawning, adult, striped bass.

Woolcott, W.S. 1955. Comparative osteology of serranid fishes

of the genus Morone (Mitchill) and intraspecific variation

in Morone americana (Gmelin). [Ph.D. dissertation.]

Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. Keywords: Serranidae,

Morone, osteology, adult, white perch.

Woolcott, W.S. 1962. Intraspecific variation in the white perch,

Roccus americana (Gmelin). Chesapeake Sci. 3:94-113.

Keywords: intraspecific variation, individual variation,

adult, white perch.

Wooley, C.M.; Crateau, E.J. 1985. Movement, microhabitat,

exploitation, and management of Gulf of Mexico sturgeon,

Apalachicola River, Florida. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 5:590-

605. Keywords: Gulf of Mexico, Apalachicola River,

Florida, movement, microhabitat, exploitation, management, sturgeon subspecies, Gulf of Mexico sturgeon.

Worth, S.G. 1898. The shad. Rept. U.S. Fish Comm.

1897(23):133-158. Keywords: adult, American shad.

Young, B.H. 1980. A study of the striped bass in the marine

district of New York State III. [Completion report.] Albany, NY: New York State Department of Environmental

Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, adult,

striped bass.

Young, B.H. 1982. A study of the striped bass in the marine

district of New York State II. [Completion report.] Albany,

NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, adult,

striped bass.

Young, B.H. 1986. A study of the striped bass in the marine

district of New York State IV. [Completion report.] Albany,

NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, adult,

striped bass.

Young, B.H. 1987. A study of the striped bass in the marine

district of New York State V. [Completion report.] Albany,

NY: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, adult,

striped bass.

Young, B.H.; McKown, K.A. 1987. An investigation of the

movements and growth of the 1985 Hudson River year

class: a study of the striped bass in the marine district of

New York State V. [Annual report.] Albany, NY: New York

State Department of Environmental Conservation. Keywords: Hudson River, New York, investigation, movements,

growth, year class, young, striped bass.

Young, B.H.; McKown, K.A.; Savona, P. 1994. A study of the

striped bass in the marine district of New York VII. [Final

report.] Albany, NY: NOAA/NMFS; 133 p. Keywords:

Long Island, Raritan Bay, New Jersey, Point Judith, Rhode

Island, young-of-the-year, adults, spawning, movements,

growth, striped bass.

Young, J. 1990. Human manipulation of the historical Hudson

shoreline. In: Waldman, J.; Blair, E., eds. Final reports of

the Tibor T. Polgar Fellowship Program, 1989. New York,

NY: Hudson River Foundation. Keywords: Hudson River,

shoreline, human manipulation, human impact, historical.

Young, J.R.; Hoff, T.B. 1984. Age specific variation in reproductive effort in female Hudson River striped bass. In:

Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 124-

133. Keywords: Hudson River, females, reproduction, age,

adult, striped bass.

Young, J.R.; Hoff, T.B.; Dey, W.P.; Hoff, J.G. 1988. Management recommendations for a Hudson River Atlantic fishery based on an age-structured population model. In:

Smith, C.L., ed. Fisheries research in the Hudson River.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press; p. 353-

365. Keywords: Hudson River, fishery, management.

Young, J.R.; Klauda, R.J.; Dey, W.P. 1988. Population estimates for juvenile striped bass and white perch in the

Hudson River estuary. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. 4:89-101.

Keywords: Hudson River, New York, estuary, population,

juvenile, striped bass, white perch.

Zeisel, W. 1988. A history of recreational fishing on the Hudson

River from colonial times to 1920. [Final report.] New York,

NY: Hudson River Foundation; 310 p. Keywords: Hudson

River, fishery, history.

Zeisel, W. 1990. History of the tidal Hackensack River fisheries. In: Proceedings of the Third Annual Hackensack

River Symposium, 1989. Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickenson

University. Keywords: Hackensack River, fishery, history.

Publishing in NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE

Manuscript Qualification

This series represents a secondary level of scientific publishing in the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). For

all issues, the series employs thorough internal scientific review,

but not necessarily external scientific review. For most issues,

the series employs rigorous technical and copy editing. Manuscripts that may warrant a primary level of scientific publishing

should be initially submitted to one of NMFS’s primary series

(i.e., Fishery Bulletin, NOAA Technical Report NMFS, or Marine Fisheries Review).

Identical, or fundamentally identical, manuscripts should

not be concurrently submitted to this and any other publication

series. Manuscripts which have been rejected by any primary

series strictly because of geographic or temporal limitations may

be submitted to this series.

Manuscripts by Northeast Fisheries Science Center

(NEFSC) authors will be published in this series upon approval

by the NEFSC's Deputy Science & Research Director. Manuscripts by non-NEFSC authors may be published in this series if:

1) the manuscript serves the NEFSC’s mission; 2) the manuscript meets the Deputy Science & Research Director’s approval; and 3) the author arranges for the printing and binding

funds to be transferred to the NEFSC’s Research Communications Unit account from another federal account. For all manuscripts submitted by non-NEFSC authors and published in this

series, the NEFSC will disavow all responsibility for the manuscripts’ contents; authors must accept such responsibility.

The ethics of scientific research and scientific publishing

are a serious matter. All manuscripts submitted to this series are

expected to adhere -- at a minimum -- to the ethical guidelines

contained in Chapter 1 (“Ethical Conduct in Authorship and

Publication”) of the CBE Style Manual, fifth edition (Chicago,

IL: Council of Biology Editors). Copies of the manual are

available at virtually all scientific libraries.

Manuscript Preparation

Organization: Manuscripts must have an abstract, table of

contents, and -- if applicable -- lists of tables, figures, and

acronyms. As much as possible, use traditional scientific

manuscript organization for sections: “Introduction,” “Study

Area,” “Methods & Materials,” “Results,” “Discussion” and/or

“Conclusions,” “Acknowledgments,” and “References Cited.”

Style: All NEFSC publication and report series are obligated to conform to the style contained in the most recent edition

of the United States Government Printing Office Style Manual.

That style manual is silent on many aspects of scientific manuscripts. NEFSC publication and report series rely more on the

CBE Style Manual, fifth edition.

For in-text citations, use the name-date system. A special

effort should be made to ensure that the list of cited works

contains all necessary bibliographic information. For abbreviating serial titles in such lists, use the most recent edition of the

BIOSIS Serial Sources (Philadelphia, PA: Biosciences Information Service). Personal communications must include date of

contact and full name and mailing address of source.

For spelling of scientific and common names of fishes,

mollusks, and decapod crustaceans from the United States and

Canada, use Special Publications No. 20 (fishes), 26 (mollusks),

and 17 (decapod crustaceans) of the American Fisheries Society

(Bethesda, MD). For spelling of scientific and common names

of marine mammals, use Special Publication No. 4 of the

Society for Marine Mammalogy (Lawrence, KS). For spelling in

general, use the most recent edition of Webster’s Third New

International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged

(Springfield, MA: G.&C. Merriam).

Typing text, tables, and figure captions: Text, tables,

and figure captions must be converted to the NOAA-wide

standard of WordPerfect. In general, keep text simple (e.g.,

don’t switch fonts and type sizes, don’t use hard returns within

paragraphs, don’t indent except to begin paragraphs). Also,

don't use the WordPerfect automatic footnoting function; all

notes should be indicated in the text by simple numerical

superscripts, and listed together in an "Endnotes" section prior

to the "References Cited" section. Especially, don’t use the

WordPerfect graphics function for embedding tables and figures

in text.

Tables may be prepared either with WordPerfect text or

with the WordPerfect table formatting function. If text is used,

then data should be assigned to columns by using all tabs or all

spaces, but not a combination of the two.

Figures must be original (even if oversized) and on paper;

they cannot be photocopies (e.g., Xerox) unless that is all that is

available, nor be on disk. Except under extraordinary circumstances, color will not be used in illustrations.

Manuscript Submission

Authors must submit one paper copy of the double-spaced

manuscript, one disk copy, and original figures (if applicable).

NEFSC authors must include a completely signed-off “NEFSC

Manuscript/Abstract/Webpage Review Form.” Non-NEFSC

authors who are not federal employees will be required to sign

a “Release of Copyright” form.

Send all materials and address all correspondence to:

Jon A. Gibson (Biological Sciences Editor)

NMFS Northeast Fisheries Science Center

166 Water Street

Woods Hole, MA 02543-1026 USA.

NORTHEAST FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER

Dr. Michael P. Sissenwine, Science & Research Director

Capt. John T. Moakley, Operations, Management & Information Services Chief

Teri L. Frady, Research Communications Chief

Jon A. Gibson, Biological Sciences Editor & Laura S. Garner, Editorial Assistant
Research Communications Unit

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA

166 Water St.

Woods Hole, MA 02543-1026

NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE -- This series is issued irregularly. The series includes: data reports of longterm or large area studies; synthesis reports for major resources or habitats; annual reports of assessment or monitoring programs;

documentary reports of oceanographic conditions or phenomena; manuals describing field and lab techniques; literature surveys of

major resource or habitat topics; findings of task forces or working groups; summary reports of scientific or technical workshops; and

indexed and/or annotated bibliographies. All issues receive internal scientific review and most issues receive technical and copy

editing. Limited free copies are available from authors or the NEFSC. Issues are also available from the National Technical

Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161.

Fishermen's Report and The Shark Tagger -- The Fishermen's Report (FR) is a quick-turnaround report on the

distribution and relative abundance of commercial fisheries resources as derived from each of the NEFSC's periodic research vessel

surveys of the Northeast's continental shelf. There is no scientific review, nor any technical or copy editing, of the FR; copies are

available through free subscription. The Shark Tagger (TST) is an annual summary of tagging and recapture data on large pelagic

sharks as derived from the NMFS's Cooperative Shark Tagging Program; it also presents information on the biology (movement,

growth, reproduction, etc.) of these sharks as subsequently derived from the tagging and recapture data. There is internal scientific

review, but no technical or copy editing, of the TST; copies are available only to participants in the tagging program.

Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document -- This series is issued irregularly. The series

includes: data reports on field and lab observations or experiments; progress reports on continuing experiments, monitoring, and

assessments; background papers for scientific or technical workshops; and simple bibliographies. Issues receive internal scientific

review but no technical or copy editing. No subscriptions. Free distribution of single copies.

The mission of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is "stewardship of living marine resources for the

benefit of the nation through their science-based conservation and management and promotion of the health of their

environment." As the research arm of the NMFS's Northeast Region, the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC)

supports the NMFS mission by "planning, developing, and managing multidisciplinary programs of basic and applied

research to: 1) better understand the living marine resources (including marine mammals) of the Northwest Atlantic,

and the environmental quality essential for their existence and continued productivity; and 2) describe and provide to

management, industry, and the public, options for the utilization and conservation of living marine resources and

maintenance of environmental quality which are consistent with national and regional goals and needs, and with

international commitments." Results of NEFSC research are largely reported in primary scientific media (e.g.,

anonymously-peer-reviewed scientific journals). However, to assist itself in providing data, information, and advice to

its constituents, the NEFSC occasionally releases its results in its own media. Those media are in three categories:

Publications and Reports

of the

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

To obtain a copy of a technical memorandum or a reference document, or to subscribe to the fishermen's report,

write: Research Communications Unit, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA

02543-1026. An annual list of NEFSC publications and reports is available upon request at the above address.

Any use of trade names in any NEFSC publication or report does not imply endorsement.

STANDARD

 MAIL A