30 May 2008

Detainee Operations

Joint Publication 3-63
PREFACE 

i 

1. Scope 

 This publication provides guidelines for planning and executing detainee operations. It 

outlines responsibilities and discusses organizational options, and command and control 

considerations across the range of military operations. 

2. Purpose 

 This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the 

Armed Forces of the United States in operations and provides the doctrinal basis for 

interagency coordination and for U.S. military involvement in multinational operations. It 

provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other 

joint force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes joint doctrine for operations and training. It 

provides military guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate plans. 

It is not the intent of this publication to restrict the authority of the JFC from organizing the 

force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity 

of effort in the accomplishment of the overall objective. 

3. Application 

a. Joint doctrine established in this publication applies to the commanders of 

combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, subordinate components of 

these commands, and the Services. 
Preface

ii JP 3-63 

b. The guidance in this publication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be 

followed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptional circumstances dictate 

otherwise. If conflicts arise between the contents of this publication and the contents of 

Service publications, this publication will take precedence unless the Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff, normally in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 

has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of 

a multinational (alliance or coalition) military command should follow multinational 

doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not 

ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational 

command’s doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with U.S. law, 

regulations, and doctrine. 

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: 

 STEPHEN M. GOLDFEIN 

 Major General, USAF 

 Vice Director, Joint Staff 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

iii 

PAGE 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... vii 

CHAPTER I 

INTRODUCTION 

• Background ........................................................................................................................I-1 

• Policy ..................................................................................................................................I-1 

• Legal Considerations .........................................................................................................I-2 

• Detainee Categories ...........................................................................................................I-3 

CHAPTER II 

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 

• Secretary of Defense ........................................................................................................ II-1 

• Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force ............................................................... II-1 

• Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ............................................................................. II-1 

• Combatant Commanders ................................................................................................. II-2 

• Joint Force Commanders ................................................................................................. II-2 

• Component Commanders ................................................................................................ II-3 

• Commander, Detainee Operations .................................................................................. II-3 

• Detention Facility Commander ....................................................................................... II-4 

• Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center Commander ................................................. II-5 

• Intelligence Analysts, Human Intelligence Collectors, 

 Interpreters, and Translators ............................................................................................ II-6 

• Joint Force Intelligence Directorate Counterintelligence and Human 

 Intelligence Staff Element Officer and Collection Manager .....................................II-8 

• Civil Affairs Officer ......................................................................................................... II-8 

• Psychological Operations Officer ................................................................................... II-8 

• Medical Officer/Surgeon ................................................................................................. II-9

• Staff Judge Advocate/Legal Advisor ............................................................................ II-10 

• Chaplain ......................................................................................................................... II-10 

• Engineer ......................................................................................................................... II-10 

• Interagency Representatives .......................................................................................... II-11 

• Multinational/Allied Representatives ........................................................................... II-11 

• Inspector General ........................................................................................................... II-11 

• Joint Force Command Public Affairs Officer ............................................................... II-11 
Table of Contents

 JP 3-63 iv 

CHAPTER III 

PLANNING FOR DETAINEE OPERATIONS 

• Introduction .....................................................................................................................III-1 

• Detainee Operations Planning ........................................................................................ III-4 

• Internment Serial Number .............................................................................................. III-5 

• Operational Considerations. ............................................................................................ III-6 

• Detainee Control and Discipline ..................................................................................III-10 

• Treatment and Protection of Detainees.........................................................................III-11 

• Use of Force ..................................................................................................................III-12 

• Training for Detainee Operations .................................................................................III-14 

CHAPTER IV 

CAPTURE AND INITIAL DETENTION AND SCREENING 

• Background .....................................................................................................................IV-1 

• Principles of Detention and Screening ...........................................................................IV-1 

• Procedures .......................................................................................................................IV-6 

CHAPTER V 

TRANSPORT PROCEDURES 

• Background ...................................................................................................................... V-1 

• Procedures ........................................................................................................................ V-1 

• In-transit Operations for Escort Missions ....................................................................... V-2 

• Detainee Movement by Land Transportation ................................................................. V-2 

• Detainee Movement by Maritime Transportation .......................................................... V-2 

• Detainee Movement by Air Transportation .................................................................... V-2 

CHAPTER VI 

THEATER OR STRATEGIC INTERNMENT FACILITY 

• General ............................................................................................................................VI-1 

• Background .....................................................................................................................VI-1 

• Organization ....................................................................................................................VI-2 

• Facility Operations ..........................................................................................................VI-2 

• Reception of Detainees ...................................................................................................VI-2 
Table of Contents 

v

CHAPTER VII 

TRANSFER OR RELEASE FROM DETENTION 

• General .......................................................................................................................... VII-1 

• Detainee Classification ................................................................................................. VII-2 

• Review and Approval Process ..................................................................................... VII-2 

• Transfer to Established Recognized National Authority, Allied Facilities, or 

 Inter-Service Agencies ................................................................................................. VII-2 

• Transfer Between Department of Defense Facilities .................................................. VII-3 

• Transfer or Release Mission ......................................................................................... VII-4 

APPENDIX 

 A Detention Facility Riot Control Measures ................................................................ A-1 

 B Detainee Reporting System ....................................................................................... B-1 

 C References .................................................................................................................. C-1 

 D Administrative Instructions ....................................................................................... D-1 

GLOSSARY 

Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................GL-1 

Part II Terms and Definitions .............................................................................................GL-3

FIGURE 

 I-1 Detainee Categories .....................................................................................................I-4 

III-1 Detainee Operations Command and Control Model Within 

 the Joint Operations Area.......................................................................................... III-2 

III-2 Detainee Operations Planning Considerations ........................................................ III-4 

III-3 Internment Serial Numbers ...................................................................................... III-5 

III-4 Use of Force Continuum ........................................................................................III-13 

IV-1 Detainee Collection Point ........................................................................................IV-2 

IV-2 Detainee Holding Area .............................................................................................IV-3 

VII-1 Transfer Accountability Measures ......................................................................... VII-5 
Table of Contents

 JP 3-63 vi 

Intentionally Blank 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

COMMANDER’S OVERVIEW

•

•

•

•

•

•

vii

Provides a General Overview of Detainee Operations

Details the Roles and Responsibilities for Detainee Operations

Summarizes the Detainee Operations Planning Process

Discusses Capture, Initial Detention, Screening, and Transport of Military

Detainees

Covers Long-Term Detention

Explains Detainee Transfer or Release from Detention

General

Members of the Armed

Forces of the U.S. must be

prepared to detain a wide

array of individuals.

U.S. forces must be prepared to properly control, maintain, protect,

and account for all categories of detainees in accordance with applicable

U.S. law, the law of war, and applicable U.S. policy. The challenges

of today’s security environment and the nature of the enemy require

clear operational and strategic guidance for detainee operations in a

joint environment.

Department of Defense Directive (DODD) 2310.01E, The

Department of Defense Detainee Program establishes the

overarching Department of Defense (DOD) detainee policy and directs

that all detainees shall be treated humanely at all times during all armed

conflicts, however characterized, and in all other military operations.

The standards of treatment set forth in the directive apply to all DOD

components and DOD contractors assigned to or supporting the DOD

components engaged in, conducting, participating in, or supporting

detainee operations. These standards also apply to all non-DOD

personnel as a condition of permitting access to internment facilities or

to detainees under DOD control.

Inhumane treatment of detainees is prohibited by the Uniform Code

of Military Justice, domestic and international law, and DOD policy.

There is no exception to this humane treatment requirement.

Accordingly, the stress of combat operations, the need for intelligence,

or deep provocation by captured and/or detained personnel does not

justify deviation from this obligation.
viii

Executive Summary

JP 3-63

Detainees are

characterized in three

categories.

Within Department of

Defense, the Under

Secretary of Defense for

Policy provides for the

overall development,

coordination, approval,

and implementation of

major policies and plans

relating to detainee

operations.

Often referred to as the law of armed conflict, the law of war

encompasses all international law for the conduct of hostilities binding

on the United States or its individual citizens, including treaties and

international agreements to which the United States is a party. The

four Geneva Conventions of 1949 are fully applicable as a matter of

international law to all military operations that qualify as international

armed conflicts. These treaties are intended to provide comprehensive

humanitarian standards for the treatment of war victims without

discrimination.

There are three categories of detainees. Enemy combatants

are personnel engaged in hostilities against the United States or

its coalition partners during an armed conflict. Retained

personnel are enemy medical personnel and medical staff

administrators who are engaged in either the search for,

collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or sick, or

the prevention of disease; chaplains attached to enemy armed

forces; or the staff of national Red Cross Societies and that of

other volunteer aid societies duly recognized and authorized by

their governments to assist medical service personnel of their

own armed forces, provided they are exclusively engaged in

the search for, or the collection, transport, or treatment of, the

wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, and provided

that the staff of such societies are subject to military laws and

regulations. Civilian internees are civilians who are interned

during an armed conflict, occupation, or other military operation

for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she has

committed an offense against the detaining power.

The Secretary of the Army is the designated DOD executive agent for

the administration of the DOD detainee program. Combatant

commanders are responsible for planning, execution, and oversight of

detainee operations in accordance with DODD 2310.01E. Subordinate

joint force commanders (JFCs) and component commanders are

primarily responsible for ensuring that detainees are treated humanely

at all times; that polices relating to detainee operations are effectively

implemented and monitored, and that measures are in place to ensure

compliance; and that personnel conducting detainee operations

understand their respective roles and responsibilities.

The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff provides appropriate oversight

to the combatant commanders to ensure their detainee operations

policies and procedures are consistent with DODD 2310.01E and

Roles and Responsibilities
ix

Executive Summary

The joint force

commander (JFC) must

consider a plan for

detainee operations

within the joint

operations area early in

the planning cycle.

that operational exercises routinely test the capabilities of the DOD

components to conduct, participate in, and support detainee operations.

The commander, detainee operations (CDO) is typically responsible

for all detention facility and interrogation operations within the joint

operations area (JOA). The detention facility commander (DFC) is

the commander and/or chief responsible for the execution of all detention

facility operations. The joint interrogation and debriefing center (JIDC)

commander is the officer responsible to the CDO for all matters relating

to interrogation, intelligence collection and reporting, and interaction

with other agencies involved in the intelligence and/or evidence gathering

process. Other individuals with specific responsibilities regarding

detainee operations are intelligence analysts, human intelligence

(HUMINT) collectors, interpreters and translators, the HUMINT/

counterintelligence officer and collection manager, civil affairs officers,

psychological operations officers, medical officers/surgeons, staff judge

advocate/legal advisors, chaplains, engineers, interagency

representatives, multinational and/or allied representatives, inspectors

general and JFC public affairs officers.

The commander should analyze the wide array of logistical and

operational requirements to conduct detainee operations. These

requirements begin with the correct number and type of personnel on

the ground to conduct the operation. Other requirements are the

identification, collection, and execution of a logistical plan to support

detainee operations throughout the JOA.

As with any operation, planning will set the conditions for the successful

execution of detainee operations. To this end, commanders should

establish planning mechanisms that ensure effective consideration of

potential detainee-related issues and the development of plans and

procedures to respond to these issues as early in the planning process

as is feasible. Because detainee operations implicate operations,

intelligence, logistic, personnel services, and information aspects of

the mission, this planning process requires coordinated efforts from all

members of the staff potentially impacted by detainee operations.

Maintaining control and discipline within a detention facility is an essential

component of detention operations. JFCs shall ensure that DFCs

establish procedures for detainee control and discipline.

Planning for Detainee Operations
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Executive Summary

JP 3-63

JFCs will ensure that detainee facility security personnel are prepared

to employ the effective use of force when necessary to protect

themselves, other members of the force, or detainees.

When U.S. forces conduct detainee operations governed by the Geneva

Conventions, they must possess the text of the applicable conventions

and be specially instructed as to their provisions. Pursuant to this

obligation, JFCs are responsible to ensure the effective routine review

of detention operations and related training to enhance compliance

with applicable law and policy.

Once the capture of individuals has occurred, the proper identification

and classification of those personnel remain critical to the overall

intelligence and detainee identification effort.

Consistent with long-standing military practice, individuals captured

or detained by U.S. forces must be evacuated expeditiously through

transit points to reach an internment facility in a secure area. Capturing

units conduct tactical questioning (TQ) for combat information relative

to the commander’s critical information requirements.

When captured, detainees will normally be held at the detainee collection

point (DCP) pending their immediate evacuation. Detainees should

be transported from the DCP to the detainee holding area (DHA) as

soon as practicable. Upon arrival at the DHA, HUMINT collectors

shall normally screen all arriving detainees to determine those suspected

of possessing information of immediate tactical value.

The tactical commander ensures the necessary steps are taken when

handling detainees. Units below battalion shall be trained on how to

conduct TQ and make recommendations to military intelligence

personnel on potential interrogation targets.

DFCs will establish policies and procedures for the detention and

interrogation of detainees in the detention facility. Such policies must

be consistent with applicable law and policy.

The coordination for transportation of detainees is the responsibility of

the detaining power and is a task that must be performed by military

personnel. Given the array of transportation methods and the variety

of arrangements, no single instruction can feasibly outline all tactics,

techniques, and procedures to be used throughout all detainee escort

Planning and preparing

for the use of force is a

necessary element in

maintaining order.

The tactical commander

ensures the necessary

steps are taken when

handling detainees.

Capture.

Initial Detention.

Screening.

Transport.

Capture, Initial Detention, Screening, and Transport of Military Detainees
xi

Executive Summary

missions. Therefore, it is necessary for commanders, security elements

and other personnel to use their best judgment when selecting a course

of action to accomplish this task.

Theater or strategic internment facilities (TIFs/SIFs) are a permanent

or semipermanent facilities with the capability of detaining detainees

for an extended period of time. A TIF/SIF shall be considered for

long-term internment under the condition that it is in full accordance

with all applicable law and policy. The manpower intensive, closequarters operation of a long-term internment facility requires special

knowledge, training and skills of corrections specialists and support

personnel. Facility operating procedures shall make allowance for the

habits and customs of the detainees and shall in no case be prejudicial

to their health.

The JFC determines air, land or sea transportation requirements for

transfer and/or release operations to the point of capture through the

unit responsible for that joint operational area. The JFC also establishes

the command and control relationship between all elements involved

in transfers and/or release operations.

For transfer or release authority of U.S.-captured detainees, the

Secretary of Defense or designee shall establish criteria for transfer or

release and communicate those criteria to all commanders operating

within the theater.

Reclassification or other situations may result in a detainee’s transfer.

The transferring unit shall determine appropriate security measures

based on the type of detainee being transferred, the mode of

transportation used, and other relevant conditions.

The JFC must plan for

long-term internment

operations.

The JFC should ensure

that all transfer or release

operations are conducted

in accordance with

applicable law and policy.

Long-Term Detention

Transfer or Release from Detention

CONCLUSION

This publication provides fundamental guidance and principles for

the planning and execution of military detainee operations at the

combatant command and/or subordinate joint force level.
xii

Executive Summary

JP 3-63

Intentionally Blank
CHAPTER I 

INTRODUCTION 

I-1 

1. Background 

During the conduct of modern military operations, members of the Armed Forces of the 

United States must be prepared to detain a wide array of individuals. Some of these 

detained persons (hereafter referred to as detainees) will result from international armed 

conflict and will fall into the conventional category of enemy prisoner of war (EPW). Other 

categories of detainees, however, will likely result from military operations that are not 

typically considered international armed conflict (humanitarian assistance/disaster relief, 

peacekeeping operations, noncombatant evacuation operations, etc.) or may result from the 

particular conduct (criminal) or status of the detainee (unlawful enemy combatants [ECs], 

civilians, etc.). Regardless of the detaineesí legal status, U.S. forces must treat all detainees 

humanely and be prepared to properly control, maintain, protect, and account for detainees 

in accordance with (IAW) applicable U.S. law, the law of war, and applicable U.S. policy. 

The challenges of todayís security environment and the nature of the enemy require clear 

operational and strategic guidance for detainee operations in a joint environment. 

2. Policy

 Department of Defense Directive (DODD) 2310.01E, The Department of Defense 

Detainee Program, establishes overarching Department of Defense (DOD) detainee policy. 

The directive requires humane treatment of all detainees during all armed conflicts, however 

characterized, and in all other military operations. The standards of treatment set forth in the 

directive apply to all DOD components and DOD contractors assigned to or supporting the 

DOD components engaged in, conducting, participating in, or supporting detainee 

operations. These standards also apply to all non-DOD personnel as a condition of 

permitting access to internment facilities or to detainees under DOD control. 

a. Because the treatment standard applies from the point of capture throughout 

detention, it is imperative that DOD personnel and contractor employees receive training on 

detainee operations. Inhumane treatment of detainees is prohibited by the Uniform Code of 

Military Justice, domestic and international law, and DOD policy. There is no exception to 

this humane treatment requirement. Accordingly, the stress of combat operations, the need 

ìAmerican personnel are required to comply with all U.S. laws, including the United 

States Constitution, Federal statutes, including statutes prohibiting torture, and our 

treaty obligations with respect to the treatment of all detainees. The United States 

also remains steadfastly committed to upholding the Geneva Conventions, which 

have been the bedrock of protection in armed conflict for more than 50 years. These 

Conventions provide important protections designed to reduce human suffering in 

armed conflict. We expect other nations to treat our service members and civilians in 

accordance with the Geneva Conventions. Our Armed Forces are committed to 

complying with them and to holding accountable those in our military who do not.î 

President George W. Bush 

Presidentís Statement to the United Nations 

International Day in Support of Victims of Torture 

26 June 2004
Chapter I 

I-2 JP 3-63 

for intelligence, or deep provocation by captured and/or detained personnel does not justify 

deviation from this obligation. 

b. All DOD personnel (military and civilian personnel) and contractor employees 

who obtain information about a ìreportable incidentî as set forth in DODD 2311.01E, will 

immediately report the incident through their chain of command or supervision. A 

ìreportable incidentî is ìa possible, suspected, or alleged violation of the law of war, for 

which there is credible information, or conduct during military operations other than war 

that would constitute a violation of the law of war if it occurred during an armed 

conflict.î Reports also may be made through other channels, such as the military police 

(MP), a judge advocate, or an inspector general, who will then forward a report through the 

appropriate chain of command. Reportable incidents should be investigated, and where 

appropriate, remedied by disciplinary or administrative action. On-scene commanders will 

ensure that measures are taken to preserve evidence of alleged violations pending 

investigation by U.S., coalition, allied, or other appropriate authorities. (DODD 2311.01E, 

DOD Law of War Program, May 9, 2006, paragraph 4.5.) 

3. Legal Considerations 

a. As a subset of military operations, detainee operations must comply with the law 

of war during all armed conflicts, however such conflicts are characterized, and in all other 

military operations. Often referred to as the law of armed conflict, the law of war is that part 

of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities and occupation. 

b. The law of war encompasses all international law for the conduct of hostilities 

binding on the United States or its individual citizens, including treaties and international 

agreements to which the United States is a party, and applicable customary international law 

(DODD 2311.01E, paragraph 3.1; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 

5810.01C, paragraph 5.a.). 

c. The four Geneva Conventions of 1949 are fully applicable as a matter of 

international law to all military operations that qualify as international armed conflicts. 

These treaties are intended to provide comprehensive humanitarian standards for the 

treatment of war victims without discrimination. The principles reflected in these treaties 

are considered customary international law, binding on all nations during international 

armed conflict. Although often referred to collectively as the ìGeneva Conventions,î the 

specific treaties are: 

 (1) Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the 

Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field (GWS). This convention provides 

protection for members of the armed forces and other persons on the battlefield who are no 

longer actively participating in hostilities as the result of becoming wounded or sick. It also 

regulates the conduct and treatment of medical and medical support personnel. It requires 

humane treatment for wounded and sick personnel who fall into enemy hands, with an 

express requirement that such individuals be: (1) protected against pillage and ill treatment, 
Introduction 

I-3 

and (2) provided necessary and adequate care. It also provides for the collection of dead 

persons and the recording of interment locations, and prohibits the abuse of remains. 

 (2) Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, 

Sick, and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea. This convention requires the 

humane treatment and protection of members of the armed forces and other persons at sea 

who are wounded, sick, or shipwrecked. It also protects hospital ships and provides for 

burial at sea. 

 (3) The Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War 

(GPW). This convention provides for the humane treatment of EPWs. It regulates the 

treatment of EPWs (care, food, clothing, medical care, and housing), discipline and 

punishment, labor and pay, external relations, representation, the international exchange of 

information, and the termination of captivity. 

 (4) The Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in 

Time of War (GC). This convention deals with the protection of civilians who find 

themselves under the control of an enemy nation (normally during a period of belligerent 

occupation). It regulates the treatment of such civilians, including establishing procedures 

for the deprivation of liberty (arrest, internment, assigned residence); and it provides a legal 

framework for the relationship between civilians and the enemy authorities controlling 

them. 

 d. Multi-Service directive Army Regulation (AR) 190-8; Chief of Naval Operations 

Instruction (OPNAVINST) 3461.6; Air Force Instruction (AFI) 31-304; and Marine Corps 

Order (MCO) 3461.1, Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and 

Other Detainees, address legal considerations when conducting detainee operations. In 

addition, DODD 2310.01E, The Department of Defense Detainee Program, addresses legal 

issues regarding the reception, treatment, processing, and release of detainees. 

 e. Common Article 3 to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, as construed and applied 

by U.S. law, establishes minimum standards for the humane treatment of all persons 

detained by the United States, coalition, and allied forces. Common Article 3 prohibits at 

any time and in any place: ìviolence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, 

mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; taking of hostages; outrages upon personal 

dignity, in particular humiliating and degrading treatment; the passing of sentences and 

the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly 

constituted court, affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as 

indispensable by civilized peoples.î

4. Detainee Categories 

The DOD definition of the word ìdetaineeî includes any person captured, detained, or 

otherwise under the control of DOD personnel (military, civilian, or contractor employee) 

(see Figure I-1). It does not include persons being held primarily for law enforcement 

purposes except where the United States is the occupying power. As a matter of policy, 
Chapter I 

I-4 JP 3-63 

all detainees will be treated as EPWs until some other legal status is determined by 

competent authority. During the course of operations classified by the United States as 

international armed conflicts, captured opposition personnel who satisfy the criteria 

enumerated in the GPW will be granted the appropriate status as a matter of law. 

Detaining officials must recognize that detained enemy combatants who have not 

satisfied the applicable criteria in the GPW will have a status as unlawful ECs, but are 

still entitled to humane treatment. The inhumane treatment of detainees is prohibited and 

is not justified by the stress of combat or deep provocation. 

a. Enemy Combatant. In general, a person engaged in hostilities against the United 

States or its coalition partners during an armed conflict. The term "enemy combatant" 

includes both "lawful enemy combatants" and "unlawful enemy combatants." 

 (1) Lawful ECs, who are entitled to protections under the GPW, include members 

of the regular armed forces of a state party to the conflict; militia, volunteer corps, and 

organized resistance movements belonging to a state party to the conflict, which are under 

responsible command, wear a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance, carry their 

arms openly, and abide by the laws of war; and, members of regular armed forces who 

profess allegiance to a government or an authority not recognized by the detaining power. 

Lawful combatants are EPWs upon capture, and are entitled to ìcombatant immunityî for 

DETAINEE CATEGORIES

ENEMY 

COMBATANT

RETAINED 

PERSONNEL

CIVILIAN 

INTERNEES

DETAINEE

LAWFUL UNLAWFUL

Figure I-1. Detainee Categories
Introduction 

I-5 

their lawful pre-capture warlike acts. They may be prosecuted, however, for violations of 

the law of war. If so prosecuted, they still retain their status as EPWs. 

 (2) Unlawful ECs are persons not entitled to combatant immunity, who engage 

in or support acts against the United States or its coalition partners in violation of the 

laws and customs of war during an armed conflict. For purposes of the war on terrorism, 

the term unlawful EC is defined to include, but is not limited to, an individual who is or 

was part of or supporting Taliban or al Qaeda forces or associated forces that are engaged 

in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners. 

 b. Enemy Prisoner of War. Individual under the custody and/or control of the 

DOD according to Articles 4 and 5 of the GPW. 

 c. Retained Personnel (RP). Personnel who fall into the following categories: 

official medical personnel of the armed forces exclusively engaged in the search for, or 

the collection, transport, or treatment of wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, 

and staff exclusively engaged in the administration of medical units and facilities; 

chaplains attached to enemy armed forces; staff of national Red Cross Societies and that 

of other volunteer aid societies duly recognized and authorized by their governments to 

assist medical service personnel of their own armed forces, provided they are exclusively 

engaged in the search for, or the collection, transport or treatment of, the wounded or 

sick, or in the prevention of disease, and provided that the staff of such societies are 

subject to military laws and regulations. 

 d. Civilian Internee (CI). A civilian who is interned during an armed conflict, 

occupation, or other military operation for security reasons, for protection, or because he or 

she has committed an offense against the detaining power. Such individuals, unless they 

have committed acts for which they are considered unlawful combatants, generally qualify 

for protected status IAW the GC, which also establishes procedures that must be observed 

when depriving such civilians of their liberty. CIs are to be accommodated separately 

from EPWs and persons deprived of liberty for any other reason. 
Chapter I 

I-6 JP 3-63 

Intentionally Blank 
CHAPTER II 

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 

II-1 

1. Secretary of Defense 

 a. Within DOD, the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)) provides for the 

overall development, coordination, approval, and implementation of major DOD policies 

and plans relating to detainee operations, including final coordination of proposed plans, 

policies, and new courses of action with the DOD components and other federal 

departments and agencies as necessary. The specific division within USD(P) responsible for 

detainee policy is the Office of Detainee Affairs. 

 b. The detainee operations responsibilities of the Under Secretaries of Defense for 

Personnel and Readiness; Acquisition, Technology and Logistics,; and Intelligence, are 

defined in DODD 2310.01E, The Department of Defense Detainee Program. 

 c. The DOD General Counsel provides legal advice to the Secretary of Defense 

(SecDef) and DOD on detainee matters. 

2. Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force 

 a. The Department Secretaries will ensure that all personnel are properly trained and 

certified in detainee operations commensurate with their duties, maintaining records of such 

training and certification. 

b. The Secretary of the Army is the designated Executive Agent for the 

administration of the DOD Detainee Program. Within the Army, the Office of the Provost 

Marshal General (OPMG) exercises primary Headquarters, Department of the Army, and 

staff responsibility for detainee programs. Responsibilities of the Executive Agent are 

delineated in DODD 2310.01E. 

3. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

 a. Provides appropriate oversight to the combatant commanders to ensure their 

detainee operations policies and procedures are consistent with DODD 2310.01E. 

 b. Ensures that operational exercises routinely test the capabilities of the DOD 

components to conduct, participate in, and support detainee operations.

ìA purely military emergency could give no excuse for disregarding International Law. 

Because victory is endangered, victory must not be pursued by breaking the law on 

the grounds of necessity, because the laws of warfare are supposed to rule over this 

conflict which is always connected with need and want.î 

Trial of German War Criminals Nuremberg 1946 
Chapter II 

II-2 JP 3-63 

4. Combatant Commanders 

 a. Plan, execute, and oversee combatant command detainee operations IAW DODD 

2310.01E. 

 b. Develop programs, issue appropriate guidance and orders implementing DODD 

2310.01E, and periodically review these programs for efficacy and compliance. 

c. When detainee internment facilities, holding areas, collection points, or 

interrogation facilities fall within the combatant commanderís area of responsibility, the 

combatant commander: 

 (1) Ensures procedures are established for the humane treatment of detainees, 

consistent with DODD 2310.01E; 

 (2) Ensures detainees are provided with information, in their own language, 

concerning the rights, duties, and obligations of their detention, including applicable 

provisions of the Geneva Conventions; 

 (3) Ensures periodic unannounced and announced inspections of internment 

facilities, including temporary holding areas and collection points, are conducted to provide 

continued oversight of detainee operations. 

 (4) Ensures that any other U.S. government agencies, foreign government 

representatives, or other parties who wish to conduct intelligence interrogations, 

debriefings, or other questioning of persons detained by DOD must agree to abide by 

DOD policies and procedures before being allowed access to any detainee under DOD 

control. Such agreement shall be formalized in a written document signed by the agency, 

government representative, or party requesting access to a detainee. A trained and 

certified DOD interrogator or other DOD representative with appropriate training and 

experience shall monitor all interrogations, debriefings, and other questioning conducted 

by non-DOD or non-U.S. government agencies or personnel. The DOD monitor shall 

terminate the interrogation, debriefing, or other questioning and report to higher authority 

if the interrogating party does not adhere to DOD policies and procedures. 

5. Joint Force Commanders 

 a. Ensure that detainees are treated humanely at all times. 

b. Ensure that policies relating to detainee operations are effectively implemented and 

monitored, and that measures are in place to ensure compliance. 

 c. Ensure that personnel conducting detainee operations understand their respective 

roles and responsibilities, and their relationship with other personnel involved in detainee 

operations. 
Roles and Responsibilities 

II-3 

6. Component Commanders 

 a. Ensure that detainees are treated humanely at all times. 

 b. Ensure that policies relating to detainee operations are implemented and 

monitored, and that measures are in place to ensure compliance. 

 c. Ensure that personnel conducting detainee operations understand their respective 

roles and responsibilities, and their relationship with other personnel involved in detainee 

operations. 

 d. Identify conflicts between component doctrine/policies and operational plans, 

policies, and procedures, and seek guidance through component command channels on 

effective de-confliction procedures. 

7. Commander, Detainee Operations

 The commander, detainee operations (CDO) is typically responsible for all detention 

facility and interrogation operations in the joint operations area (JOA). The CDO should 

have detainee operations experience and will normally be the senior MP commander. If the 

size and scope of the detainee operation warrants, the joint force commander (JFC) may 

consider designating a general or flag officer as the CDO. The CDO will have the following 

responsibilities: 

 a. Exercise operational control over all assigned and attached forces, detention 

facilities and joint interrogation and debriefing centers (JIDCs), regardless of location within 

the JOA (see Chapter III, Figure III-1). 

 b. JIDC non-detainee related activities will remain under the direction of the JFC 

and/or intelligence directorate of a joint staff. 

 c. Report directly to the JFC or designated Service or functional component 

commander on all detainee matters. 

 d. Ensure the development of detainee policies, procedures, orders, and directives for 

the JFC IAW applicable laws, regulations, and policies. 

 e. Ensure humane treatment of detainees, report immediately all allegations of 

maltreatment and/or abuse of detainees through the designated command channels, and 

investigate allegations promptly and thoroughly. 

 f. Coordinate all reporting requirements between internment/resettlement battalions 

(I/R BNs) and the theater detainee reporting center (TDRC). 

 g. Ensure JIDC commander(s) and/or chiefs coordinate directly with the joint force 

counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element (J-2X). 
Chapter II 

II-4 JP 3-63 

 h. Ensure all logistical requirements for detention facilities and JIDCs are determined 

and met. These logistical requirements range from initial setup of detention facilities to 

sustained operations throughout the life of a facility. 

 i. Coordinate with J-2X (when established) to conduct human intelligence 

(HUMINT) and counterintelligence collection management efforts. 

 j. Coordinate with appropriate commanders and staffs to ensure that JFC priorities 

for detainee operations are disseminated throughout the JOA. 

 k. Obtain theater commanderís approval for external visit times and coordinate visits 

to detainee facilities with the TDRC and joint visitor bureau. 

 l. Coordinate all International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) visits, and 

ensure the command responds as necessary to ICRC concerns. 

 m. Ensure responsibilities of the joint strategic exploitation center, JIDC 

commander(s), and the detention facility commanders (DFCs) are clearly delineated, and all 

procedures coordinated, in order to accomplish intelligence activities efficiently at the JIDC 

and security requirements effectively at all facilities while treating all detainees humanely. 

 n. Ensure the issuance of internment serial numbers (ISNs) IAW current policies and 

procedures. 

 o. Establish, maintain, and supervise the detainee review process. 

 p. Coordinate with the JFC legal advisor for guidance in all matters of planning and 

execution of operations in order to maintain compliance with applicable laws and 

regulations. 

 q. Coordinate with the joint force surgeon (JFS) for guidance in all medical care and 

health matters for detainees. 

 r. Coordinate with JFC postal staff for guidance relating to postal support for 

detainees. 

8. Detention Facility Commander 

 The DFC is the commander responsible for the execution of all detention facility 

operations. He or she is responsible, when assigned, to the CDO for all matters relating to 

detention facility operations, including security, law enforcement, administration, logistics, 

and other operations support requirements. A DFCís responsibilities normally include the 

following: 
Roles and Responsibilities 

II-5 

 a. Ensuring the humane treatment of detainees at all times and under all 

circumstances. 

 b. Ensuring the detention operations mission is conducted IAW applicable law and 

policy. 

 c. Ensuring the safety, well-being, and training of all personnel operating the facility. 

 d. Ensuring the effective management and distribution of logistical resources. 

 e. Ensuring that all allegations of maltreatment of detainees are immediately reported 

through the appropriate command channels. 

 f. Ensuring that all personnel are properly trained on the rules for use of force (RUF), 

the law of land warfare, including the Geneva Conventions and all other applicable laws and 

policies, and that all personnel have an effective knowledge of the detention facility 

standard operating procedure (SOP). 

 g. Planning for and, when necessary, execution of effective perimeter security of the 

detention facility, including personnel and material aspects and external response force 

operations and planning. 

 h. Coordinating the escort guards for all detainee transportation entering or departing 

the facility. 

 i. The DFC and the interrogation commander will develop procedures that include 

accountability and security of detainees when they are undergoing interrogation. 

 j. Coordinating force protection. 

 k. Ensuring proper reporting of detainee accountability through TDRC. 

 l. Coordinating with military criminal investigative organizations (MCIOs) and legal 

agencies regarding evidentiary and other legal matters as required. 

9. Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center Commander 

The JIDC commander and/or chief is the officer responsible to the CDO for all 

matters relating to interrogation, intelligence collection and reporting, and interaction 

with other agencies involved in the intelligence and/or evidence gathering process. The 

JIDC commander should be an intelligence officer and is normally responsible for the 

following:

 a. Conducting interrogation operations IAW applicable law and policy. 
Chapter II 

II-6 JP 3-63 

 b. Coordinating with the DFC to ensure detention operations do not set the conditions 

for interrogation operations. 

 c. Coordinating with the DFC for participation in base operations support including 

tenant unit force protection, interpreter support, logistics, and screening of the processing 

line. 

 d. Keeping the CDO informed on interrogation operations.

 e. Executing interrogation and debriefing operations according to priorities and 

guidance outlined by the J-2X. 

 f. Coordinating detainee movement with the DFC to support interrogation operations. 

 g. Coordinating with MCIOs and legal agencies regarding evidentiary matters and 

resolutions as required. 

 h. Ensuring that all allegations of maltreatment of detainees are immediately reported 

through the appropriate command channels. 

10. Intelligence Analysts, Human Intelligence Collectors, Interpreters, and 

 Translators 

 a. Intelligence Analysts 

 (1) Research the background of detainees utilizing all source analysis of 

available datasets in order to place the detainee into context for collectors. 

 (2) Analyze, fuse, and report intelligence information collected through the 

interrogation and/or debriefing process for the purpose of validating collected 

information and identifying related intelligence gaps. 

 (3) Develop indicators for each intelligence requirement to support screening 

operations and develop detainee specific collection requirements for collectors. 

 (4) Develop databases and organize collected information for local use and for 

use by customers. 

 (5) Make recommendations to the DFC for release/transfer of detainees. 

 b. HUMINT Collectors 

(1) Develop indicators for each intelligence requirement to support screening 

operations. 

(2) Make recommendations to the DFC for release/transfer of detainees. 
Roles and Responsibilities 

II-7 

(3) Provide recommendations to the DFC concerning the separation of detainees 

IAW Field Manual (FM) 2-22.3, Human Intelligence Collector Operations. 

(4) Report information collected through the interrogation process. 

(5) Conduct controlled interrogations of detainees in order to obtain information 

of potential intelligence value. 

(6) Ensure all interrogation techniques are implemented IAW applicable law and 

policy. 

(7) Develop interrogation plans IAW unit SOP prior to conducting an 

interrogation. 

(8) Disseminate screening reports to all potential users on a timely basis. 

 

 c. Interpreters and Translators. Unless otherwise authorized by the JFC, only 

individuals with the proper training and appropriate level security clearance will be allowed 

within the confines of the facility to perform interpreter/translator duties (e.g., coalition 

member). 

 (1) Categories of contract interpreters include: 

 (a) CAT I Linguists - CAT I linguists are locally hired personnel with an 

understanding of the English language. These personnel undergo a limited screening and are 

hired in-theater. They do not possess a security clearance and are used for unclassified 

work. During most operations, CAT I linguists are required to be re-screened on a scheduled 

basis. CAT I linguists should not be used for HUMINT collection operations. 

 (b) CAT II Linguists - CAT II linguists are U.S. citizens who have native 

command of the target language and near-native command of the English language. These 

personnel undergo a screening process, which includes a national agency check. Upon 

favorable findings, these personnel are granted an equivalent of a Secret collateral clearance. 

This is the category of linguist most used by HUMINT collectors. 

 (c) CAT III Linguists - CAT III linguists are U.S. citizens who have native 

command of the target language and native command of the English language. These 

personnel undergo a screening process, which includes a special background investigation. 

Upon favorable findings, these personnel are granted an equivalent of a Top Secret 

clearance. CAT III linguists are used mostly for high-ranking official meetings and by 

strategic collectors.
Chapter II 

II-8 JP 3-63 

11. Joint Force Intelligence Directorate Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence 

 Staff Element Officer and Collection Manager 

 a. The J-2X is responsible for the technical control, support, and deconfliction of all 

counterintelligence and HUMINT activities and operations. 

b. Participates in planning for deployment of counterintelligence and HUMINT assets 

in support of operations. 

c. Coordinates and deconflicts all counterintelligence and HUMINT operations 

within the operational area. 

 

 d. Coordinates with senior U.S. national intelligence representatives for specific 

operational approval when required by standing agreements. 

 e. Validates requirements for intelligence collection by theater and national HUMINT 

assets. 

 

12. Civil Affairs Officer 

a. Recommends measures intended to enhance the level of cooperation between U.S. 

forces and the detainee population. 

b. Assists the security force commander with control of detainees during 

emergencies. 

c. Serves as the coordinator between detainees and other agencies (military forces, 

humanitarian organizations, United Nations, etc.) as needed. 

13. Psychological Operations Officer 

 a. Assists the camp security forces by providing loud speaker, audiovisual, and 

print support in regard to camp instructions in the target language(s). 

 b. Provides a graduated response through loudspeakers in crisis situations prior to 

the use of nonlethal or lethal force. 

 c. Provides cultural expertise on potential disputes or discipline problems due to 

social or cultural conflicts with or among detainees. 

 d. Assists camp personnel in assessing and, if necessary, countering rumors, 

disinformation, and propaganda spread by detainees. 

 e. Exposes detainees to approved psychological operations (PSYOP) series and 

products relevant to new conditions they may face upon release and the behaviors 

expected of them upon release. 
Roles and Responsibilities 

II-9 

 f. Conducts evaluation of PSYOP products possessed by detainees. 

 g. When applicable, builds rapport with detainees through face-to-face PSYOP 

and/or recreational activities.

14. Medical Officer/Surgeon

a. Reports directly to the DFC with direct access to the CDO (as needed) and 

maintains a chain of command independent of the guard forces. 

 b. Coordinates actions of medically qualified RP (individuals who satisfy the criteria 

for this status as established in the GWS). Provides first responder capability to the detainee 

population. Coordinates forward resuscitative care or higher capability. 

 c. Advises the commander on medical and health-related issues. Coordinates for 

medical consultations with appropriate medical specialists and coordinates for transportation 

and escort of detainees to appointments, if required. 

 d. Coordinates with the civil affairs officer to ensure detainee medical concerns are 

being considered for possible presentation at the civil-military operations center. 

e. Ensures the medical requirements within the detention facility are met consistent 

with Department of Defense Instruction 2310.08E, Medical Program Support for Detainee 

Operations, and its implementing orders and programs. Such requirements will include: 

 (1) Examination and documentation of detaineesí physical condition upon 

initiation of detention. 

 (2) Monthly recording of detaineesí weight. 

 (3) Monitoring of general cleanliness of the facility (latrines, showers, and wash 

stations). 

(4) Examining detainees for contagious diseases. 

(5) Providing detainee access to medical care, such as sick call. 

 f. Coordinates for preventive medicine inspections of the facility. 

g. Coordinates preventative medicine inspection of food sources. Advises the DFC 

of caloric content and dietary suitability of detainee rations. 

h. Upon the death of a detainee, coordinates with the Armed Forces Medical 

Examiner (AFME), who will determine if an autopsy is required. The remains will not be 
Chapter II 

II-10 JP 3-63 

released from U.S. custody without authorization from the AFME and the responsible 

commander. 

 i. Medically clears detainees for questioning and interrogation. 

j. Identifies the process for notifying interrogators of detainee medical limitations. 

15. Staff Judge Advocate/Legal Advisor 

a. Serves as the JFC legal advisor for the CDO. 

b. Advises the commander and other personnel responsible for detention operations 

on all matters pertaining to compliance with applicable law and policy. 

c. Provides legal advice to the commander on all matters relating to detainee 

misconduct. 

d. Advises the appropriate commander regarding investigation of suspected 

maltreatment or abuse of detainees, or other violations of applicable law or policy. 

e. Normally serves as the CDOís liaison to the ICRC. 

f. In coordination with the JFS, advises the JFC on legal issues pertaining to detainee 

medical support. 

 g. Reviews interrogation approaches and techniques and advises the commander 

and intelligence personnel on compliance with applicable law and policy. 

h. Advises appropriate commanders on evidentiary collection procedures necessary 

to prosecute detainees locally for criminal offenses.

16. Chaplain 

 a. Serves as the chaplain for the detention facility personnel. 

 b. Advises JFC on the religious needs and practices of detainees. 

 

 c. Serves as a moral and ethical advisor for the DFC. 

17. Engineer 

 a. Responsible for the construction, maintenance, and repair of utilities (water, 

electricity, heat, and sanitation) and sustainment of the detention facility. 

 b. Responsible for construction support and ongoing maintenance throughout the 

lifespan of the facility. 
Roles and Responsibilities 

II-11 

 c. Ensures adequate fire protection for the detainees and the guard force. 

 d. Responsible for construction of force protection measures. 

18. Interagency Representatives 

 a. Coordinates all visits with the CDO. 

 b. Coordinates with the DFC and the JIDC commander prior to participation in each 

or any interview/interrogation.

19. Multinational/Allied Representatives 

 a. Coordinates all visits with the CDO. 

 b. Coordinates all visits with the DFC for inspections of conditions for detainees 

captured by their forces. 

 c. Coordinates with the DFC prior to participation in any interview/interrogation. 

20. Inspector General 

 a. Reviews detention operations for all theater sites. 

 b. Assists the commander in ensuring adherence to applicable law and policy for site 

construction and resourcing for logistics. 

21. Joint Force Command Public Affairs Officer 

a. Develops media policies regarding detainee operations for the JFC IAW applicable 

law and regulations.

 b. Coordinates all media activity regarding detainees through chain of command.
Chapter II 

II-12 JP 3-63 

Intentionally Blank 
CHAPTER III 

PLANNING FOR DETAINEE OPERATIONS

III-1 

1. Introduction 

 a. The JFC must consider a plan for detainee operations within the JOA early in the 

planning cycle of any operation. Extensive planning for detainee operations should be in 

place prior to the start of operations. The commander should analyze the wide array of 

logistical and operational requirements to conduct detainee operations. These requirements 

begin with the correct number and type of personnel on the ground to conduct the operation. 

Other requirements are the identification, collection, and execution of a logistical plan to 

support detainee operations throughout the JOA. 

 b. The JFC should identify the following personnel on his/her staff who will be 

responsible for conducting various aspects of detainee operations (see Chapter II for defined 

roles and responsibilities): 

 

 (1) CDO 

 

 (2) DFC 

 (3) JIDC commander 

 (4) J-2X officer 

 (5) Collection manager 

 (6) Civil affairs officer 

 (7) Psychological operations officer 

 (8) JFS 

 (9) Staff judge advocate 

 (10) Chaplain 

 (11) Engineer 

“These times of increasing terror challenge the world. Terror organizations challenge

our comfort and our principles. The United States will continue to take seriously the

need to question terrorists who have information that can save lives. But we will not

compromise the rule of law or the values and principles that make us strong.” 

President George W. Bush

Presidents Statement on the United Nations

International Day in Support of Victims of Torture,

26 June 2004
Chapter III 

III-2 JP 3-63 

 (12) Public affairs officer 

c. The JFC establishes the command and control (C2) relationships among all 

elements involved in detainee transfers and/or release operations. C2 relationships should 

be delineated clearly and succinctly (see Figure III-1). C2 guidance, both internal and 

external to the joint task force, should be established as early as possible. 

DETAINEE OPERATIONS COMMAND AND CONTROL 

MODEL WITHIN THE JOINT OPERATIONS AREA

J-2X Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence Staff Element

JFC Joint Force Commander

CDO Commander, Detainee Operations

DFC Detention Facility Commander

JIDC Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center

OPMG Office of the Provost Marshal General

NDRC National Detainee Reporting Center

TDRC Theater Detainee Reporting Center

ICRC International Committee of the 

Red Cross

Authority as Delegated

Coordination

Reporting Channel

Liaison

NOTE: JIDC/DFCs locations will be 

theater-dependent and may be 

relocated

JFC Dept. of Army

JFC Staff

J-2X

JIDC

DFC

DFC

ICRC

DFC

CDO

OPMG

NDRC

TDRC

Figure III-1. Detainee Operations Command and Control Model Within 

the Joint Operations Area
Planning for Detainee Operations 

III-3 

KOREAN WAR EXPERIENCE IN ENEMY PRISONER OF WAR OPERATIONS 

In late January 1951, Prisoner of War (POW) Camp 1 was designated a major

subordinate command of 3d Logistical Command and put under the administrative 

headquarters of 60th General Depot. The construction of four enclosures was

begun on 1 February 1951 using prisoner labor. Each enclosure contained eight

compounds; each compound was planned to hold from 700 to 1,200 men. The 

compounds were separated from each other only by barbed wire. This

construction resulted in a complex designed to hold a maximum of 38,400

prisoners, but grew to 53,500 by the end of February, 99,000 at the end of March,

and 140,000 by June 1951. Another 7,000 to 10,000 prisoners remained on the

mainland at Pusan, the majority of them in the prison hospital there. 

There were many problems related to the over population of facilities at Koje-Do. 

One problem was the establishment and maintenance of prisoner personnel 

records. There was also a shortage of trained personnel to process the prisoners

who were made up of different nationalities. This, in turn, led to shortages in

trained interpreters for use within the system. 

Another factor in the struggle for control of the camp was the shortage of trained

guard personnel. The security force assigned to Camp Koje-Do consisted of six

escort guard companies and two Republic of Korea (ROK) guard platoons. For a

camp of this size, fifty escort guard companies were needed. The reasons for

using ROK guards, primarily language and shortage of American guards, were

legitimate. 

Between 1966 and 1968, the United States Army conducted a detailed historical

study of POW operations drawing the following conclusions from the Korean war:

• An Army commander should not be burdened with the administration of his

communication zone (which included POW camps). 

• A properly secured PW (POW) program required sufficient and qualified

administrative and security personnel. 

• PW (POW) camp locations and layouts should be determined before the

fact, taking due considerations of terrain, water supply, and avoidance of

towns and villages. 

• Positive identification of each individual prisoner and maintenance of

personnel records are required. 

• The camp commander must have the authority to apply an effective judicial

system to enforce discipline among the prisoners. 

• The camp commander must have full authority to use the amount of force

necessary to maintain absolute control of the camp. 

• A preplanned and coordinated intelligence and counterintelligence

program should be developed to provide a continuous, timely flow of

intelligence information from the point of capture to the repatriation phase.

SOURCE: U.S. Army Detainee Doctrine and Experience

James Gebhardt, Combat Studies Institute
Chapter III 

III-4 JP 3-63 

2. Detainee Operations Planning 

 JFCs and their staffs must be aware of special considerations when planning detainee 

operations. Although some of these considerations are present in all operations, many 

increase the demand upon units and commanders in the JOA and are of greater intensity in 

detainee operations. JFCs should anticipate operational and logistics requirements well in 

advance of conducting detainee operations. Site selection for a detainee facility is critical 

and must incorporate a wide range of factors including logistical supportability, security, 

mitigation of escape attempts, and engineering aspects. Consideration should be given to 

the garrison support activities that support an operating base where internment facilities are 

located. Comprehensive planning will effectively identify for the DFC or JIDC commander 

the resources needed to perform all associated garrison-type activities that are inherent with 

facilities of this type. This planning will alleviate potential distractions from the primary 

mission of detainee operations. See Figure III-2. 

DETAINEE OPERATIONS PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

Critical Detainee Planning Considerations

z

z

z

z

z

z

z

z

z

Facility Construction Materials

Sanitation Requirements

Medical and Dental

Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center

National Detainee Reporting Center 

Communications Capability 

Security Requirements

Transportation

Public Affairs

Legal

Figure III-2. Detainee Operations Planning Considerations
Planning for Detainee Operations 

III-5 

3. Internment Serial Number 

 a. The ISN is the DOD identification number used to maintain accountability of 

detainees. See Figure III-3. All detainees under DOD control will be registered promptly, 

normally within 14 days of capture. Once an ISN is assigned, all further documentation, 

including medical records, will use only this number (no other numbering system will be 

used). The ISN is generated by the detainee reporting system (DRS). DRS is the required 

detainee accountability database for all DOD agencies. The ISN is comprised of five 

components: 

 (1) First Component. The two-digit alpha character code representing the 

capturing power. Only country codes found within Defense Intelligence Agency Manual 

(DIAM) 58-12, The DOD HUMINT Management System, or its successor, will be used. 

 (2) Second Component The single digit designation of the command/theater 

under which the detainee came into the custody of the United States. 

 (3) Third Component. The two-digit alpha character code representing the 

detainee’s power served/nationality. Where applicable, country codes found within DIAM 

58-12 or its successor will be used. 

(4) Fourth Component. A unique six-digit number assigned exclusively to an 

INTERNMENT SERIAL NUMBERS

Capturing 

Power

Detainee

Classification

Power 

Served

Theater Code Sequence 

Number

US9AF-000234EPW

Figure III-3. Internment Serial Numbers 
Chapter III 

III-6 JP 3-63 

individual detainee. The DRS will assign these numbers sequentially. This component is 

commonly referred to as the “sequence number.” Not even in the event of a detainee’s 

death, release, repatriation, transfer, or escape, will a sequence number be reissued during 

the course of a single conflict to another detainee. If a detainee is ever issued two sequence 

numbers, the later number will be voided and the National Detainee Reporting Center 

(NDRC) will be notified. Voided sequence numbers will not be used at a later time. 

 (5) Fifth Component. A two- or three-digit alpha character code representing the 

detainee’s classification, current classifications are: EPW-enemy prisoner of war; CIcivilian internee; RP-retained personnel; OD-other detainee; or EC-enemy combatant. The 

ISN, once issued, is reported through the TDRC to the NDRC. Once the DRS has created 

an ISN, no component may be changed or corrected at the theater level without approval 

from the NDRC. All changes to an ISN must be requested in writing and approved by the 

NDRC. 

 b. When required by law and/or policy, the NDRC provides detainee information to 

the ICRC to satisfy Geneva Convention obligations. The ICRC uses this information to 

provide notice of the status of the detained individual to his or her government. The United 

States must be vigilant in executing all obligations to account for detainees and must issue 

detainees an ISN when required by law and/or policy. Commanders should make every 

effort to standardize tracking detainees from point of capture through the issuance of an 

ISN. The unique capture tag number that is found on Department of Defense Form 2745, 

Enemy Prisoner of War (EPW) Capture Tag, or allied equivalent, is the only authorized 

tracking number that may be used prior to the assignment of an ISN. After the ISN is 

assigned, previously generated documents should be annotated with the ISN. For example, 

medical personnel should use the capture tag number and then use an ISN, once an ISN is 

issued to a detainee, to track a detainee through the medical facilities and back to the 

detention facility. The DRS cross references the ISN and the capture tag number for 

administrative purposes. 

4. Operational Considerations 

 As with any operation, proper planning will set the conditions for the successful 

execution of detainee operations. To this end, commanders should establish planning 

mechanisms that ensure effective consideration of potential detainee-related issues and the 

development of plans and procedures to respond to these issues as early in the planning 

process as is feasible. Because detention operations implicate operations, intelligence, 

logistics (supply, maintenance, transportation, health service support, explosive ordnance 

disposal, field services, and general engineering), personnel services (human resources 

support, religious ministry support, financial management, manpower, and legal support), 

and information aspects of the mission, the planning process requires coordinated efforts 

from all members of the staff potentially affected by detainee operations. 

 a. Force Protection. To the maximum extent possible, places of detention will be 

protected from the hazards of the battlefield. In order to protect detainees, commanders 

must manage the control of captured protective equipment that could be used to meet the 
Planning for Detainee Operations 

III-7 

requirements of detainees, and commanders must also ensure that, when planning for 

protective measures and force protection, the potential presence of detainees is considered. 

As a general rule, detainees should derive the same benefit from force protection measures 

as do members of the detaining force. Logistics considerations should be reflected in the 

time-phased force and deployment data. 

b. Logistics. The following issues are a few examples of some of the unique logistic 

obligations and considerations associated with detention operations: 

 (1) Temperature and Lighting. To the extent feasible, the facilities will be 

protected from dampness, adequately heated and cooled, and appropriately illuminated. 

 (2) Food and Water. When feasible, detainees will be fed three meals a day. At 

a minimum, basic daily food rations will be sufficient in quantity, quality, and variety to 

keep detainees in good health and to prevent significant loss of weight or the development 

of nutritional deficiencies. The justification for any deviation from the three meals per day 

standard will be documented by the commander of the detention facility and should be 

reviewed by both medical and legal support personnel. Account will also be taken of the 

habitual diet and religious/cultural requirements of the detainees. The detaining power will 

supply detainees who work with such additional rations as are necessary for the labor in 

which they are employed. Sufficient drinking water will be supplied to detainees. 

 (3) Clothing. Adequate clothing for the climate will be provided, and a clothing 

replacement program will be instituted at each facility. Issued clothing should be uniform in 

color for identification purposes. If replacement clothing is not available, commanders will 

attempt to provide for the cleaning of detainee clothing in order to protect the health and 

well-being of detainees until a clothing exchange program can be instituted. 

 (4) Financial Management. The JFC is responsible for providing EPWs and CIs 

pay. The joint task force comptroller may designate a component to provide currency and 

other required support. The designated component will also ensure that controls are 

established to process deposits to and payments from designated accounts properly. 

 c. Property Safekeeping and Confiscation Accountability. DODD 2310.01E, 

Department of Defense Detainee Program, states, “Detainees and their property shall be 

accounted for and records maintained according to applicable law, regulation, policy or 

other issuances.” All personal effects and articles of personal use (except arms, military 

equipment, personal documents with intelligence value, and military documents) will 

remain in the possession of detainees, including effects and articles used for their clothing or 

feeding, unless the detaining force considers continued possession to cause a risk for the 

detaining force or other detainees, or the item is of intelligence or law enforcement value. 

Detainees will be permitted to retain individual protective gear and like articles issued for 

personal protection. This is especially important during initial detention and transportation 

to a more established detention facility when there is a risk that the detainees will be 

exposed to a chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or high-yield explosives threat. 

This rule does not prohibit the centralized management of such protective equipment by the 
Chapter III 

III-8 JP 3-63 

DFC if such management is intended to enhance the overall protection of detainees. Badges 

of rank and nationality, decorations, and articles having, above all, a personal or sentimental 

value, may not be taken from detainees. Sums of money carried by detainees may not be 

taken away from them except by order of a commanding officer, after the amount and 

particulars of the owner have been recorded in a special register, and an itemized receipt has 

been given, legibly inscribed with the name, rank, and unit of the person issuing the said 

receipt. Sums in the currency of the detaining power, or those changed into such currency at 

the detainee's request, will be placed to the credit of the detainee's account. The detaining 

power may temporarily confiscate articles of value or necessity, including medications, from 

detainees when such action is determined to be necessary for reasons of security (including 

intelligence evaluations for the purpose of the security of the force). Procedures for such 

confiscation should be established by SOP and should follow the rules applicable for the 

impoundment of money noted above. All personal property taken from detainees shall be 

kept in the custody of the detaining power and, if feasible, shall be returned in its initial 

condition to the detainees at the end of their detention. Always utilize a chain of custody 

receipt for all inventoried numbers. 

 d. Administrative Processing and Accountability. According to DODD 2310.01E, 

Department of Defense Detainee Program, “Detainees shall be assigned an Internment 

Serial Number (ISN) as soon as possible after coming under DOD control, normally within 

14 days of capture. DOD components shall maintain full accountability for all detainees 

under DOD control. Detainee records and reports shall be maintained, safeguarded, and 

provided to USD(P) and other DOD components as appropriate.” Information will be 

collected and recorded on each detainee captured and detained by the Armed Forces of the 

United States and referenced to the ISN. Detainees should provide name, rank, serial 

number (if applicable), and date of birth for tracking purposes and appropriate country 

notification. However, failure to do so does not result in any treatment not otherwise 

consistent with this publication. Upon transfer to a theater-level facility, detainee 

information (including information related to personal property taken from the detainee) will 

be provided to the NDRC through the TDRC. The NDRC will maintain all information 

concerning detainees and their property. 

 e. Religious, Intellectual, and Physical Activities.

 (1) Religion. Respect for the religious preferences of detainees is an essential 

aspect of detainee operations. Accordingly, the organization and administration of the 

detention facility must not be such as to hinder unjustifiably the observance of religious 

rites, and commanders should plan for the accommodation of the religious needs of 

detainees. Certain limitations may be necessary due to security concerns; however, a good 

faith balance should be struck between the detainee’s obligation to comply with disciplinary 

rules and procedures and the detaining power’s obligation to afford detainees the ability to 

meet their religious obligations and exercise their religious practices. The detaining power 

is also prohibited from imposing any adverse distinctions within the detainee population 

based on religion. In this regard, it should be noted that in some situations, segregating the 

detainee population based on religious affiliation may be beneficial and therefore not 

prohibited, particularly when conflict has been based in part on religious affiliation. 
Planning for Detainee Operations 

III-9 

Detainees have no right to person-to-person support by military chaplains. Therefore JFCs 

are under no obligation to provide such support. Accordingly, military chaplains do not 

generally provide direct religious support to detainees. Should the JFC determine a 

requirement to provide direct military chaplain support to detainees, communications 

between the chaplains and the detainees will be privileged to the extent provided by Military 

Rule of Evidence 503 and appropriate Military Department policies. 

 (2) Physical and Intellectual Activities. Physical and intellectual activities for 

detainees contribute to the maintenance of good order and discipline within the detainee 

population. Commanders may accommodate these interests when doing so is both feasible 

and consistent with mission requirements. The extent to which accommodation is 

considered and/or implemented will be determined by the needs of the facility population 

and will take into account both security limitations and available resources. Authorized 

activities and programs include, but are not limited to, participation in physical exercise, 

access to outdoor areas, and the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational 

pursuits. Other programs that may be considered, where feasible and consistent with 

security limitations and/or mission accomplishment, include establishment of a family 

visitation program. 

 f. The ICRC and Nongovernmental Organizations and Other Similar 

Organizations. 

 

 (1) During the course of detention operations, it is likely that U.S. commanders 

will encounter representatives of organizations attempting to assert a role in protecting the 

interests of detainees. Such representatives will often seek access to detainees, and/or offer 

their services to assist in the care and maintenance of detainees. Effective detention 

operations planning will establish a mechanism for command interaction with such 

organizations in order to maximize the benefit of potential contributions to the U.S. effort. 

Commanders must anticipate that, upon initiation of detention operations, these 

organizations will request access to and/or information about detainees, and they will 

continue to do so throughout the operation. Commanders should seek guidance through 

operational command channels for responding to such requests prior to the initiation of 

detention operations, or as soon thereafter as possible. In the absence of mission-specific 

guidance, all such requests for access or information should flow via the established chain of 

command to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). 

 (2) Commanders must also be cognizant of the special status of the ICRC. Per 

DOD policy, the ICRC is the only organization presumptively authorized access to 

detainees. Consistent with the Geneva Conventions, it is DOD policy that the ICRC shall be 

allowed to offer its services during an armed conflict, however characterized, to which the 

United States is a party. ICRC access to detainees is subject to temporary suspension based 

on imperative considerations of military necessity. As a general rule, commanders should 

be in the grade of O-5 or above and should coordinate with a legal adviser before ordering a 

suspension of ICRC access to a detainee. 
Chapter III 

III-10 JP 3-63 

 g. Medical Care, Dental Care, and Sanitation. The detaining power will take all 

sanitary measures necessary to ensure the cleanliness and healthfulness of facilities, and to 

prevent epidemics. Detainees will have access to sanitary facilities that conform to preventive 

medicine sanitation standards. In facilities where women detainees are accommodated, 

feminine hygiene supplies will be provided. Detainees will receive a full medical history and 

physical exam during in-processing. A medical record will be created for each detainee and a 

narrative summary of that record will be forwarded to the detainee’s new facility location. If 

the detainee is released, he/she should be given a narrative clinical summary detailing past and 

present medical status and recommendation of medical follow-up, if any. All treatment 

provider names will be redacted. No records will be released directly to the detainee or a 

foreign country. Patient services should include first responder, forward resuscitative, and 

theater hospitalization capabilities, as operational circumstances permit. As a contribution to 

the maintenance of good order, the DFCs should also provide mental health services (mental 

health treatment, assessment, and therapy) to detainees when feasible.

 h. Media. Detainees will be protected from public curiosity at all times. Strict 

compliance with this requirement is essential. There is no distinction between international 

and domestic media with regard to this obligation. Media attention concerning detainees is 

likely to be substantial. Commanders and staffs should anticipate such attention and ensure 

that supporting public affairs personnel develop procedures, in advance, for dealing with 

media requests for visits and information. Unless delegated to subordinate commanders, 

OSD is the sole release authority for photographs or video of detainees. Commanders will 

prepare and coordinate, in advance, public affairs plans for events such as detainee 

movements, transfers, or releases, with both the transferring and receiving commanders. 

5. Detainee Control and Discipline 

 Maintaining control and discipline within a detention facility is an essential component 

of detention operations. JFCs will ensure that DFCs establish procedures for detainee 

control and discipline. Because imposition of physical punishment is inconsistent with the 

humane treatment obligation, commanders must understand the relationship between reward 

and punishment. As a general rule, withdrawal of privileges provided above the minimum 

required level of humane treatment is often the most effective sanction for disciplinary 

infractions, and granting additional privileges is often the most effective incentive for 

continued compliance and cooperation. Planning for the provision of such privileges is 

therefore an essential component to any discipline and control program. Other 

considerations for maintaining control and discipline include, but are not limited to: 

 a. SOPs regarding positive control measures over detainees. 

 b. Procedures to ensure detainees understand rules, regulations, and expectations of 

compliance. 

 c. Viable mechanisms for detainees to raise grievances to the chain of command. 

 d. Privilege-granting and withdrawal processes to enhance compliance. 
Planning for Detainee Operations 

III-11 

 e. RUF measures to enforce compliance when lesser means have been or would be 

ineffective. 

 f. Prohibition of fraternization between detainees and detention facility personnel. 

 g. SOPs regarding prevention of escape attempts. 

 h. A rewards and penalty program. For those detainees who are uncooperative and 

high risk, the Geneva Conventions address the minimal level of treatment and entitlements. 

 i. Segregation of detainees according to the guidelines set forth in the Geneva 

Conventions. 

6. Treatment and Protection of Detainees 

 JFCs will ensure that all detainees are treated humanely and IAW U.S. law, the law 

of war, and applicable U.S. policy. DODD 2310.01E requires that all DOD personnel 

ARTICLE 3 COMMON TO THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 1949 

In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the

territory of one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall

be bound to apply, as a minimum, the following provisions: 

(1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of

armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat

by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances

be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction founded on race, colour,

religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. 

To this end, the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and

in any place whatsoever with respect to the above-mentioned persons: 

(a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds,

mutilation, cruel treatment and torture; 

(b) taking of hostages; 

(c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular humiliating and

degrading treatment; 

(d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without

previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court, affording all

the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized

peoples. 

(2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for. 
Chapter III 

III-12 JP 3-63 

and contractors will apply, without regard to a detainee’s legal status, at a minimum, the 

standards articulated in Common Article 3 to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and those 

standards found in Enclosure 4 to DODD 2310.01E. Of note, certain categories of 

detainees, such as EPWs, RPs, and CIs, enjoy protections under the law of war in addition to 

the minimum standards prescribed in Common Article 3. 

7. Use of Force 

 a. Planning and preparing for the use of force (UOF) is a necessary element in 

maintaining order. JFCs will ensure that detainee facility security personnel are prepared to 

employ the effective UOF necessary to protect themselves, other members of the force, or 

detainees. JFCs will also ensure that the UOF continuum is applied when force is required 

to control detainees. Personnel assigned the mission of providing for the control of 

detainees and security of the detention facility should be issued and trained on rules for the 

UOF specific to that mission. Theater rules of engagement would remain in effect for 

defending the detention facility from external threat. The UOF continuum is used in 

determining the appropriate amount of force needed to compel compliance. The use of 

deadly force against detainees should always be considered a measure of last resort. Its use 

should be authorized when no other means of suppressing the dangerous activity (attack, 

escape, etc.) is feasible. Furthermore, use of deadly force should be preceded by warnings 

appropriate to the circumstances. The continuum shown below recognizes five basic types 

of subjects: 

(1) Compliant: Offers no resistance to instruction. Individual complies with 

both physical and verbal directions. 

 (2) Passively Resistant: Does not follow orders but offers no physical resistance 

to attempts to gain control (e.g., going limp). 

 (3) Actively Resistant: Does not follow orders and offers physical resistance but 

does not attempt to inflict harm (e.g., bracing or pulling away, attempting to flee). 

NOTE: Nothing in this Joint Publication limits a Servicemember’s inherent right to selfdefense. 

(a) An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International 

Committee of the Red Cross, may offer its services to the Parties to the conflict. 

(b) The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into 

force, by means of special agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the 

present Convention. 

(c) The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the 

legal status of the Parties to the conflict. 

SOURCE: Geneva Conventions 

12 August 1949
Planning for Detainee Operations 

III-13 

 (4) Assaultive: Attempts to attack or inflict injury (e.g., striking with hands or 

feet, biting). 

 (5) Lethal: Attempts to kill or inflict serious injury (e.g., using knives, clubs, 

thrown objects, firearms). 

 b. The continuum also incorporates five levels of force (see Figure III-4). Ideally, the 

Service member starts at Level 1 and progressively moves up the continuum until the 

detainee complies. However, the UOF is dictated by the actions of the subject during the 

encounter. Subject actions may escalate or de-escalate rapidly, possibly skipping one or 

more levels. The levels of force do not have to be applied in order. 

(1) Level 1: Cooperative Controls. Used to direct a compliant person (e.g., 

presence, verbal direction, hand gestures). 

USE OF FORCE CONTINUUM

Passively 

Resistant

Actively 

Resistant

Assaultive

Lethal

Cooperative 

Controls

Soft 

Controls

Hard 

Controls

Defensive 

Techniques

Deadly 

Force

Types of 

Subjects

Compliant

Levels of 

Force

Figure III-4. Use of Force Continuum 
Chapter III 

III-14 JP 3-63 

(2) Level 2: Soft Controls. Used when cooperative control fails and the level of 

force required escalates. Designed with a low probability of causing injury (e.g., compliant 

or noncompliant escort positions, use of hand and/or leg restraints). 

 (3) Level 3: Hard Controls. Used when escort positions fail and the level of 

force required escalates; involve a slightly greater possibility of causing injury (e.g., 

pressure points, joint locks, oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray (i.e., pepper spray), electronic 

stun devices). 

(4) Level 4: Defensive Techniques. Used when hard controls fail and the level 

of force required escalates; also involve a higher probability of causing injuries (e.g., emptyhand strikes and blocks, baton strikes and blocks, nonlethal munitions, military working 

dogs). 

 (5) Level 5: Deadly Force. Used as a last resort when all lesser means have 

failed or would be impractical. Used to prevent death or serious injury to self or others; to 

prevent the theft, damage, or destruction of resources vital to national security or dangerous 

to others; to terminate an active escape attempt (e.g., firearms, strikes with nonlethal 

weapons directed at vital points of the body). 

8. Training for Detainee Operations 

The OPMG has primary Headquarters, Department of the Army executive agent 

responsibility for detainee programs. When U.S. forces conduct detainee operations, they 

must possess the text of the applicable Geneva Conventions and be instructed as to their 

provisions. Because the Armed Forces of the United States comply with the law of war as a 

matter of DOD policy during all operations, this requirement is applicable as a matter of 

policy to all detention operations. JFCs have the overall responsibility to develop, 

implement, monitor, and, when necessary, refine standards, policies, and SOPs for detainee 

operations that are consistent with obligations imposed by law and applicable policy. 

Pursuant to this obligation, JFCs are responsible to ensure the effective routine review of 

detention operations and related training to enhance compliance with applicable law and 

policy. DFCs will maintain records of all relevant documents regarding the conduct of 

detainee operations. These records will be available for review during all inspections and 

assessments of the detainee operation. 

Note: Use of the above techniques require training by qualified personnel. 

Nonlethal weapons must be authorized for use by the appropriate commander 

and have a lethal overwatch when appropriate. The use of riot control agents, 

including OC spray, requires specific authorizations by competent authority. 

Less than lethal weapons have the ability to inflict significant harm to detainees. 

Commanders are responsible for maintaining an active training and certification 

program and developing clear escalation of force policies. 
CHAPTER IV 

CAPTURE AND INITIAL DETENTION AND SCREENING 

IV-1 

1. Background 

 a. In any given JOA, any element of the joint force may find itself on a mission in which 

individuals are captured or placed under the control of U.S. forces. The efficient and effective 

control, processing, detention, and intelligence exploitation of such personnel is often critical to 

the success of U.S. forces. The humane treatment and proper care of detained personnel as 

they are moved to either temporary or permanent internment facilities support this goal. 

b. Capture or detention may occur: on an objective, during a raid, at sea, near an air 

base, during a cordon and search mission, at a traffic control point, at border crossing points, 

or in base camps. Commanders, their staffs, and subordinate forces must anticipate this 

reality, and plan and train accordingly. 

2. Principles of Detention and Screening 

a. Once the capture of individuals has occurred, the proper identification and 

classification of those personnel remain critical to the overall intelligence and detainee 

identification effort. Rapid collection of biometrics information from detainees is critical to 

ensuring their prompt identification and is a crucial step that must be conducted as soon as 

possible after detention. Tactical commanders must exercise discretion when determining 

whether an individual poses a credible threat or possesses sufficient information requiring 

evacuation and detention. All joint force components will establish collection points that 

meet established standards within their specific operational area. 

b. Consistent with longstanding military practice, individuals captured or detained by 

U.S. forces must be evacuated expeditiously through transit points to reach an internment 

facility in a secure area. Capturing units should have supplies of the following equipment: 

flex-cuffs, blackened goggles, zip-lock bags, trash bags, duct tape, Department of Defense 

(form) (DD) Form 2745 Enemy Prisoner of War (EPW) Capture Tag, and 

evidence/property custody documents. Capturing units conduct tactical questioning (TQ) 

for combat information relative to the commander’s critical information requirements. 

However, the need to obtain information to satisfy these requirements is never a justification 

to deviate from the obligation to treat detainees humanely. Appropriate segregation of 

detainees will be implemented as early as feasible in the detention process. While at the 

detention facility, a determination must be made regarding further evacuation for strategic 

intelligence exploitation and dissemination. Guard units at initial detainee collection points 

or detention facilities must have supplies of the following equipment: restraints, latex 

examination gloves, flex-cuffs, civil disturbance gear, and nonlethal weapons. When 

captured, detainees will normally be held at the detainee collection point (DCP) pending 

their immediate evacuation. The DCP will support the rapid transfer of control from 

capturing forces to U.S. MP custody and control (see Figure IV-1). 

“Humane Treatment. The requirement that protected persons must at all times be

humanely treated is the basic theme of the Geneva Conventions.” 

Pictet’s Commentary to the GPW, Article 13
Chapter IV 

IV-2 JP 3-63 

It should therefore be located close to the area of actual operations for quick evacuation of 

detainees, but should also be situated in a location intended to provide for the safety and 

security of the detainees and the security force. For example, the DCP could normally be 

located in a brigade support area of the brigade combat team, or an equivalent type unit. 

Detainees should be transported from the DCP to the detainee holding area (DHA) as soon 

as practicable. The DHA will normally be located in a secure location that provides safety 

and is easily accessible for receipt and evacuation of detainees (see Figure IV-2). Upon 

Concertina

LEGEND

Not to 

Scale

Entrance

Military 

Intelligence

Medical

Tent

Tent

Military Police 

Administration

L Latrine W Water

W

W

W

W

L W

L

L

L

L

DETAINEE COLLECTION POINT

Figure IV-1. Detainee Collection Point 
Capture and Initial Detention and Screening 

IV-3 

arrival at the DHA, HUMINT collectors will normally screen all arriving detainees to 

determine those suspected of possessing information of immediate tactical value. The DCP 

will coordinate with the supporting higher headquarters for the evacuation of detainees using 

organic assets to the DHA. Detainee status determinations will not be made at the DHA. 

DETAINEE HOLDING AREA

NOTES:

1. Military police use existing structures when possible to reduce construction requirements.

2. The size and configuration of compounds and the placement of internal facilities, field processing sites, 

military intelligence screening sites, psychological 

operations areas, close-confinement areas for disruptive 

captives, and medical areas vary based on the situation.

3. Construction supplies are medium tents (20 captives per tent), concertina, barbed wire, long and short pickets, 

staples, anchors, and water cans. See FM 5-34 for the 

use of triple strand concertina wire.

Concertina

Fighting Position

30’

15’ 15’

Not to Scale

Water

L Latrine

W

W L W L

W L W L

Figure IV-2. Detainee Holding Area 
Chapter IV 

IV-4 JP 3-63 

Until such status is officially determined, IAW DOD policy, all detainees will be accorded 

EPW treatment at all times and locations. 

c. The DHA should be located in a secure area with easy access to transportation 

nodes, but must be protected from the effects of the battlefield to the extent feasible based 

on the mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available 

(METT-T). Additionally, civilians may have to be considered based on the operational area. 

To the extent possible, accommodation must be made for female and child detainees. 

Unless militarily unfeasible, female detainees must be searched by female service members 

and must be segregated from male detainees. If possible, increased numbers of HUMINT 

collectors should be available for exploitation activities at the DHA. 

d. Detainees will be transported to a theater internment facility (TIF) based on 

intelligence exploitation and transportation availability, at which point they will normally be 

assigned an ISN from a block of numbers maintained by the NDRC. The TIF will be 

located in the Army Service component command area of operations and will serve as the 

theater detainee collection facility. All detainees arriving from any and all sources and 

agencies will be in-processed and receive an ISN immediately upon arrival at the TIF. An 

I/R BN, with the appropriate units assigned, will conduct operations at a TIF with a specific 

capacity of up to 4,000 detainees, based on a docile, compliant population. Units will mark 

and tag all detainee-associated documents and property and transfer the documents and 

property to the transporting unit for movement to the TIF. This will maintain detainee 

property accountability and provide for further analysis and evaluation by DOD-trained 

HUMINT collectors and/or certified interrogators. 

e. Prior planning, close coordination, and synchronization of assets with all resources 

used for the transportation of detainees to the TIF are required. Planning considerations 

should include: proximity to DCPs and theater internment facilities within the JOA, 

transportation responsibilities (air, land, and sea), logistic support (for real-time and future 

operations), and medical support for all DHAs and TIFs within the JOA. A TIF is an 

improved, semipermanent, or permanent facility that can hold detainees until they are 

released or until it is determined that out-of-theater evacuation is necessary. JFCs must 

weigh heavily the decision to establish and maintain more than one TIF in a JOA. 

Associated costs, manning requirements, and logistic sustainability may not allow for 

operating more than one TIF. Ideally, the TIF will have: 

 (1) Sufficient MP corrections specialists once the theater has matured. 

(2) Permanent structures, lighting, water, utilities, and hygiene and sanitation 

facilities. 

(3) Ability to provide forward resuscitation, theater hospitalization, and higher 

medical care to detainees. 

(4) Religious and morale facilities. 
Capture and Initial Detention and Screening 

IV-5 

(5) Networked information system for issuing ISNs and maintaining the detainee 

database in the DRS. 

(6) Communications capability (for accountability of detainees through to the 

TDRC/NDRC). 

(7) Support for all classes of supply and services. 

 f. An interview area should be established near the receiving/processing line so that 

intelligence personnel can interview detainees and examine their equipment and documents 

after they have been assigned an ISN. If detainees or their equipment or documents are 

removed from the receiving/processing line, accountability must be maintained IAW 

applicable SOPs. 

g. If a detainee’s status is in doubt in an international armed conflict, a tribunal will 

be conducted IAW Article 5, GPW. The tribunal, convened by a commander exercising 

general courts-martial convening authority, will determine the status of an individual who 

commits a belligerent act and is captured by U.S. forces when there is doubt as to the 

individual’s status. The protections afforded EPWs under the GPW will apply to such 

individuals until their status is determined by the tribunal.

h. HUMINT collectors and counterintelligence agents will conduct further 

exploitation at the TIF. In addition to responding to the commander’s critical information 

requirement, they support the detainee disposition process by providing recommendations to 

release, continue to hold, or transport the detainee to the strategic internment facility (SIF). 

Trained HUMINT collectors, counterintelligence agents, and MP personnel play a critical 

role throughout all phases of detainee operations. Although HUMINT personnel can assist 

with producing intelligence products, they can also quickly identify those personnel who 

hold no intelligence value at all and can subsequently be released based on the designated 

commander’s directive. Organic MP personnel can identify certain individuals with 

potential to provide significant force protection information that may assist the DFC in 

maintaining security and good order in the detainee population. 

i. Employing MPs as far forward as possible will assist the tactical maneuver 

commanders by freeing up combat assets to accomplish their missions. 

j. The NDRC serves as the national collection center for detainee information. The 

TDRC is assigned to the MP I/R brigade and functions as the field operations agency for the 

NDRC. It is the central agency responsible for maintaining and reporting information on all 

detainees and their personal property within an assigned theater. The TDRC reports 

detainee accountability of persons and property to the NDRC every 24 hours. These reports 

are critical to ensure continued compliance with applicable U.S. law, the law of war, and 

DOD policy. Note: I/R BNs may report directly to NDRC when a TDRC is not operating in 

theater. 
Chapter IV 

IV-6 JP 3-63 

3. Procedures 

 The tactical commander/leader ensures the following steps are taken when handling 

detainees: 

a. Point of Capture Units. Units below battalion will be trained on how to conduct 

TQ and make recommendations to military intelligence (MI) personnel on potential 

interrogation targets. Detainee capture kits need to be issued to capturing units to assist in 

the proper securing and transporting of detainees. These kits may include latex gloves, 

surgical masks, flexi-cuffs, earmuffs, capture tags, and property bags along with property 

custody documents. Each detainee must arrive at the DHA or TIF with a completed capture 

tag and the required information that can be found in the detainee tagging kit. JFCs may 

implement additional measures beyond the required capture tag. Proper completion of the 

capture tag is important to intelligence collection, detainee status determination, and the 

decision to retain or release. Failure to provide a properly annotated capture tag may 

substantially degrade the ability to process the detainee effectively, and it may result in the 

denial of acceptance of detainees at a facility until the required paperwork is completed and 

turned over to the new facility. 

b. Daily Detention Operations. DFCs will establish policies and procedures for the 

detention and interrogation of detainees in the detention facility. Such policies must be 

consistent with applicable law and policy. All locations where detainees are held by U.S. 

forces must, to the extent feasible based on METT-T, be shielded from the dangers 

associated with military operations. Commanders should attempt to utilize building-type 

structures for internment facilities. However, although this may be a preference, there is no 

prohibition against using less-improved facilities when they offer the best available option 

for satisfying all legal and policy obligations related to detainee treatment, particularly when 

use of an improved structure is not feasible. There is no legal requirement to provide 

detainees with conditions better than those of the U.S. forces executing the detainee 

operation mission. 

 (1) It is important, either at the DHA or the TIF, that trained HUMINT collectors 

and counterintelligence agents have access to the detainees as quickly as possible. An 

interview site will be established near the receiving/processing line so that MI personnel can 

screen detainees and examine their equipment and documents. This will either facilitate the 

release of those who do not meet holding criteria or expedite exploitation of valuable 

information in support of the intelligence process. 

(2) Another critical aspect of detainee operations is record-keeping. As detainees 

are in-processed, a medical screening will be conducted during which heights and weights 

are recorded. In addition, any marks or injuries on the detainees will be annotated and 

recorded. Commanders should also consider including medical screening prior to and 

subsequent to interrogations. A daily log will be maintained on each detainee and will 

include, at a minimum, records of any injuries, times of interrogations, times of medical 

exams, any hunger strikes and their durations, as well as any disciplinary problems and 
Capture and Initial Detention and Screening 

IV-7 

corrective measures taken. This information will be provided to the next detention facility if 

a detainee is transferred. 

(3) Detainees will be segregated within internment facilities according to the 

distinctions specified by law and policy, unless such segregation is not possible due to the 

conditions of the facility. If the TIF commander determines that such segregation is 

required by law, but the facility’s conditions prevent segregation, the commander will 

attempt to develop other methods of protecting the interests of detainees, and will request 

the additional resources required to provide for such segregation. 

(4) The guard force will become familiar with simple commands to be given in 

the language of the detainee population. Internment facilities housing lawful ECs will 

provide and post copies of the applicable Geneva Conventions for those individuals in their 

own language. 

(5) When a detainee in U.S. custody dies, the commander, the staff judge 

advocate or legal adviser, and appropriate military investigative agency will be notified 

immediately. The attending medical officer will provide the commander the following 

information: 

 (a) Full name of deceased 

 (b) ISN of deceased 

 

 (c) ICRC number of deceased, if available 

 (d) Date and place of death 

 (e) A statement as to the cause of death 

 (6) After coordination with the AFME, the detention facility’s senior medical 

officer available will sign the death certificate. This authority will not be delegated. Upon 

the death of a detainee, the internment facility, unit, or medical facility will immediately 

notify the TDRC through the chain of command by the most expeditious means possible. 
Chapter IV 

IV-8 JP 3-63 

 c. JIDC. A JIDC is located in close proximity to a TIF. The DFC and the 

interrogations commander will develop procedures that include accountability and security 

responsibilities for detainees when they are undergoing interrogation. HUMINT collectors 

and counterintelligence agents will coordinate with the TIF commander in order to obtain 

information on detainees obtained by organic MP and counterintelligence personnel through 

passive custodial observation and conversation. 

Military police will escort the detainee to the joint interrogation and debriefing center,

which is located in close proximity to the internment facility. Depending on local

standard operating procedure, security concerns, and force manning levels, the

human intelligence (HUMINT) collectors and certified interrogators may request that

escorts remain to guard the detainee, or they may release the escorts until the

detainee needs to be returned to the living area. Release of custody must be

officially documented. The only authorized purpose for escorts to remain in the

HUMINT collection area is to provide for custody and control of the detainee. MP or

other security personnel will not be involved in the interrogation process or set

conditions for interrogations. 
CHAPTER V 

TRANSPORT PROCEDURES

V-1 

1. Background 

 The primary considerations in the planning and execution of the detainee escort 

missions are the security of the conveyance, the safety of all U.S. resources, and the 

protection of the detainees. The coordination for the transportation of detainees is the 

responsibility of the detaining power and is a task that must be performed by military 

personnel. The foremost planning consideration is assessing the appropriate amount of land, 

maritime, and air transportation assets to accomplish the mission. Considerations will also 

be made for the logistical, medical, and linguistic needs of detainees while in transit. Given 

the array of transportation methods and variety of arrangements, no single instruction can 

feasibly outline all tactics, techniques, and procedures to be used throughout all detainee 

escort missions. Therefore, it is necessary for commanders, security elements, and other 

personnel to use their best judgment when selecting a course of action to accomplish this 

task. Ideally, the issues related to detainee transport should be addressed in orders or 

directives issued by the JFC. 

2. Procedures 

 a. Commanders of detention facilities will forward copies of detainee records 

(including at a minimum: capture tag, disciplinary actions, medical narrative summaries, 

property, and record of any injuries sustained since capture) along with a complete manifest 

for each detainee transferred. Prior to transport from the DHA to a TIF, all detainees will 

receive a thorough medical exam, be deloused, bathed, and if necessary, shaved. Detainees 

will be thoroughly searched for weapons and contraband immediately before boarding the 

conveyance. Detainees will be briefed in a language that they understand about the 

departure and restrictions while on board the conveyance, as well as safety and emergency 

procedures. Detainee records and property will accompany them during transport. 

 b. Another aspect of transfer missions is the transportation of detainees that must be 

transported to medical facilities or to judicial proceedings. These transfer missions are 

likely to involve many security assets; therefore, commanders must conduct a thorough 

mission analysis and determine appropriate requirements for such transport missions. 

Unanticipated requirements may stretch security assets to the limit; therefore, they should be 

considered when planning detainee operations. 

“The Detaining Power shall take adequate precautions especially in case of transport

by sea or by air, to ensure their safety during transfer, and shall draw up a complete

list of all transferred prisoners before their departure.” 

Excerpt from Article 46, Geneva Convention

Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
Chapter V 

V-2 JP 3-63 

3. In-transit Operations for Escort Missions 

 In-transit operations are the most vulnerable period of detainee operations. The security 

escort team leader will have tactical command and control of all assets in the movement 

element, from the element’s departure of a DCP, DHA, or TIF until the element arrives at 

another facility. The security escort team leader will adopt tactics, techniques, and 

procedures to meet mission requirements including feeding, latrine escort, medical aid, and 

any emergency actions aboard the conveyance. Detainees will be isolated from friendly 

personnel and from each other to the maximum extent possible, and will be protected from 

public curiosity (including avoidable exposure to media). All restraints will remain in place 

except during an emergency. Friendly forces personnel will not move in close proximity to 

detainees without a security over-watch. The security team will maintain a log and the 

detainee manifest, in which they will record all transfers of custody, UOF, and any 

significant events. The security team will maintain control of all detainees until custody is 

transferred and the mission requirements are complete. 

4. Detainee Movement by Land Transportation 

 JFCs should plan for and assign the mission of detainee evacuation to a properly 

resourced transportation element. The transportation of detainees is a separate mission from 

the escort and guarding of detainees in transit. Capturing units and initial transfers will 

primarily use land transportation. Further movement of detainees by land transportation 

should be minimized to limit exposure to hazards, public curiosity, and the media. 

5. Detainee Movement by Maritime Transportation 

 Detainee movement by maritime transportation can be used, but normally it will not be 

considered as a location for detention (in rare circumstances, temporary maritime detention 

may provide the best course of action to protect detainees from operational and 

environmental hazards). If considered, the use of maritime detention must be authorized by 

the JFC. When maritime detention is used, appropriate resources and areas aboard maritime 

vessels will be sequestered for detainee use and must meet the requirements of the Geneva 

Conventions. 

6. Detainee Movement by Air Transportation 

 Detainee movement by air should be the primary means of transporting detainees 

outside the JOA. Aircrews that are responsible for the transportation of detainees will be 

briefed on the proper handling and interacting procedures. Security escort teams will be 

trained for the mission and perform all detainee handling procedures on board the aircraft. 

Rotary-wing, as well as fixed-wing aircraft should be considered in the transport of 

detainees. A copy of the detainee manifest will remain with the losing organization until the 

detainees are accounted for at the gaining unit. 
CHAPTER VI 

THEATER OR STRATEGIC INTERNMENT FACILITY 

VI-1 

1. General 

 When dictated by the anticipated mission, the JFC must plan for long-term internment 

operations. The JFCs ensure the joint force is trained and logistically supported to conduct 

such operations. 

2. Background 

The TIF/SIF is a permanent or semipermanent facility with the capability of detaining 

detainees for an extended period of time. A TIF/SIF will be considered for long-term 

internment under the condition that they are in full accordance with all applicable law and 

policy. It is possible that detainees may bypass an initial detention facility and be 

transferred directly to the TIF/SIF. In such cases, all in-processing and the assignment of 

ISNs takes place immediately upon arrival to the TIF/SIF. 

“Prisoners of war who have been without news for a long period, or who are unable to 

receive news from their next of kin or to give them news by the ordinary postal route, 

as well as those who are at a great distance from their homes, shall be permitted to 

send telegrams.” 

Excerpt from Article 71, Geneva Convention

Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War

Long-Term Detention facility
Chapter VI 

VI-2 JP 3-63 

3. Organization 

 Key organization elements in the TIF/SIF may include the following: joint security 

group, joint interrogation group, detainee hospital, joint logistics group, and joint internment 

operations group. Special staff considerations may include: joint visitors bureau, chaplain, 

inspector general, staff judge advocate, manpower and administration, public affairs, 

surgeon, forensic psychologist, forensic psychiatrist, medical plans and operations officer, 

preventive medicine officer, environmental health officer, and provost marshal. 

4. Facility Operations 

 a. Logistics. The aforementioned logistic requirements in chapter two also apply to 

the long-term internment facility. JFCs should direct long-term facility construction queries 

to the OPMG or the United States Disciplinary Barracks and the Army Corps of Engineers 

before initiating a construction contract. The manpower intensive, close-quarters operation 

of a long-term internment facility requires the special knowledge, training, and skills of 

corrections specialists and support personnel. 

b. Environment. Facility operating procedures will make allowance for the habits 

and customs of the detainees and will in no case be prejudicial to their health. The 

foregoing comment will apply in particular to the housing units of detainees as regards both 

total surface and minimum cubic space, and the general installation, bedding, and blankets 

(refer to Geneva Conventions, DODDs, and all applicable regulations). Quarters furnished 

to detainees must protect the detainees from the negative effects of the natural environment, 

must be adequately lit and heated (particularly between dusk and lights-out), and must have 

adequate precautions taken against the dangers of fire. Detainees must be segregated and 

quartered separately as directed by applicable law and policy. 

c. Procedure. The commander will formalize all SOPs in writing, providing 

guidance for handling detainees, medical, hygiene operations, food service, UOF, 

emergency plans, count procedures, disciplinary policy, and reward programs. Orders 

concerning rules, procedures, or instructions for the administration of an orderly facility will 

be posted for view by the detainees and the guard force. The orders posted for the detainees 

will be printed in a language the detainee understands. An interpreter will also read the 

orders in the detainees’ language during in-processing and on a regularly recurring basis. 

5. Reception of Detainees 

a. Detainees will not be accepted for detainment or transfer to U.S. military control 

from other nations, without prior approval from OSD. The officer designated to accept 

them will properly account for all detainees received. The receipt indicates the place and 

date the facility assumed custody and the name, grade, and nationality of each transferred 

detainee. Three or more copies of the receipt will be prepared. The original, plus one copy, 

will be delivered to the commander of the facility to which the detainee is assigned. A DD 

Form 2708, Receipt for Inmate or Detained Person, or an allied equivalent form for 
Theater or Strategic Internment Facility 

VI-3 

individuals listed on the receipt, should be delivered to the accepting officer at the time the 

transfer is affected. 

b. When directed, detainees transferred between facilities and hospitals will be 

received and accounted for as described in paragraph 5.a., and the receipts will be returned 

to the original facility. When detainees are transferred to hospitals outside the jurisdiction of 

the internment facility, hospital guards will be assigned to accompany the detainee. 

c. The use of a manifest identifying the name, identification number, nationality, and 

physical condition of each detainee transferred and received is required. The manifest is 

attached to the original receipt of transfer and forwarded to the appropriate authorities. 

d. Individuals held by other agencies may be turned over to the custody and control of 

a DOD internment facility only IAW JFC directive. The TIF/SIF commander will, absent 

controlling directives, designate the transfer location. All other agency transfers should be 

effected as soon as possible after initial classification and administrative processing have 

been accomplished. A manifest is required to identify the name, rank/status, ISN (if 

assigned), power served/nationality, and physical condition of each detainee that is 

transferred and received. The manifest is attached to the receipt of transfer and becomes a 

permanent record to ensure accountability of each prisoner. All detainees arriving from any 

and all sources and agencies will be in-processed and receive an ISN immediately upon 

arrival at the TIF/SIF if they do not already have one. 
Chapter VI 

VI-4 JP 3-63 

Intentionally Blank 
CHAPTER VII 

TRANSFER OR RELEASE FROM DETENTION

VII-1 

1. General 

 The JFC must ensure all personnel conducting detainee operations are trained and 

logistically supported to conduct transfer or release operations. The JFC should ensure that 

all transfer and/or release operations are conducted IAW applicable law and policy. The 

JFC also determines air, land, or sea transportation requirements for transfer and/or release 

operations to the point of capture through the unit responsible for that JOA. The JFC also 

establishes the command and control relationship between all elements involved in transfers 

and/or release operations. The JFC ensures that notification is made of the transfer and/or 

release of a detainee to the NDRC. Other responsibilities include: 

 a. JFC 

 (1) Develops detainee policies regarding transfer or release operations IAW 

applicable law and policy. 

(2) Coordinates with appropriate staff elements to conduct transfer or release 

operations. 

(3) Coordinates with appropriate commanders and staffs to ensure that transfer or 

release operations directives are disseminated throughout the JOA. 

b. Surgeon 

 (1) Ensures policies established regarding medical requirements for the transfer or 

release of detainees is IAW applicable law and policy. 

(2) Ensures coordination of subordinate medical elements to support transfer or 

release operations. 

c. Staff Judge Advocate 

(1) Provides the JFC with legal guidance regarding applicable law and 

regulations. 

(2) Serves as the command liaison to the ICRC and determines authorized ICRC 

activities related to the transfer/release of detainees. 

(3) Provides technical expertise in support of required instruction and training 

related to the law of war. 

d. Public Affairs Officer 

(1) Develops media policies regarding detainee operations for the JFC IAW 

applicable law and policy. 
Chapter VII 

VII-2 JP 3-63 

(2) Coordinates all media coverage regarding detainee transfer or release 

operations through the chain of command. 

2. Detainee Classification 

The initial classification of a detainee may be based on unsupported statements or 

documentation accompanying the detainee. After a detainee is assigned to a facility, expect 

a continuing need for further classification. If the identity of the detainee may have been 

based on unsupported statements or documentation, it may be necessary to reclassify the 

detainee as more information is obtained. If the detaineeís classification remains in doubt, a 

tribunal may be convened to determine the detaineeís status. Reclassification may result in 

release of detainees, or reassignment of detainees within the facility or to other facilities. 

3. Review and Approval Process 

a. For transfer or release authority of U.S.-captured detainees, the SecDef, or 

designee, will establish criteria for the transfer or release of detainees and communicate 

those criteria to all commanders operating within the theater. 

b. For detainees at the TIF, the designated combatant commanders will periodically 

assess the detainees for release or transfer per applicable regulations. The JIDC 

commander, with the advice of the assigned interrogators, should provide recommendations 

to the DFC for release/transfer of detainees, to ensure that detainees are not released while 

still being exploited for HUMINT. Recommendations for transfer or release will be 

coordinated with other U.S. Government agencies as appropriate and forwarded to SecDef, 

or his designee, for decision. 

4. Transfer to Established Recognized National Authority, Allied Facilities, or Inter-

 Service Agencies 

a. The permanent or temporary transfer or release of detainees from the custody of 

U.S. forces to the host nation, other allied/coalition forces, or any non-DOD U.S. 

Government entity, requires the approval of the SecDef, or his designee. The permanent or 

temporary transfer of a detainee to a foreign nation may be governed by bilateral 

agreements, or may be based on ad hoc arrangements. However, detainees who qualify, as a 

matter of law, as EPWs, RP, CIs, or ECs may only be transferred IAW the requirements of 

the applicable U.S. law, the law of war, and U.S. policy. 

b. The DFC, IAW applicable procedures, will make the transfer or release of a 

detainee from a collection point or a detention facility. All proposed transfers/releases 

should be reviewed by the legal adviser to ensure compliance with applicable law and 

policy. Unless prohibited by command policies, immediate release of detainees may be 

made at the point of capture based on the decision of the most senior official on the ground. 

The decision should be based on criteria established by higher headquarters. 
Transfer or Release From Detention 

VII-3 

c. The temporary transfer of detainees from one facility to another is authorized to 

accommodate surges in the detainee population beyond capacity. Transfers will also occur 

to ensure detainee treatment and conditions are IAW applicable law and policy. As a 

general rule, detainees should not be transferred closer to the harmful effects of military 

operations. 

d. A detainee who is captured or detained by the U.S. military or other agencies will 

be turned over to the U.S. detention facility designated by the JFC at the earliest 

opportunity. Inter-Service or intra-theater transfers will be executed following initial 

classification and administrative processing. 

5. Transfer Between Department of Defense Facilities 

a. Reclassification or other situations may result in a detaineeís transfer. The 

transferring unit will determine appropriate security measures based on the type of detainee 

being transferred, the mode of transportation used, and other relevant conditions. 

b. The DFC will: 

(1) Publish a transfer order and inform the TDRC/NDRC of the movement. 

(2) Verify the accuracy and completeness of the detaineeís personal records and 

provide copies of the records (in a sealed envelope) to the guards accompanying the 

movement. 

(3) Verify that the detainees possess their authorized clothing and equipment. 

(4) Account for and prepare impounded personal property for shipment with the 

escorting unit or separate shipment as appropriate. 

(5) Brief escort personnel on their duties and responsibilities, including 

procedures for an escape, a death, or other emergencies. 

(6) Provide rations and basic needs to the detainees during the movement. 

(7) Ensure the detainees are manifested by name, ISN, nationality, and physical 

condition (including a statement of ìcommunicable diseasesî if applicable). 

(8) Prepare paperwork in English and other languages (if required) before 

transferring the detainees. 

(9) Ensure detainees are given a full physical, instructions for medication, and a 

supply of medications. 

(10) Ensure all appropriate health and disciplinary records accompany the detainee. 
Chapter VII 

VII-4 JP 3-63 

(11) Coordinate prior to transfer with JFC subordinate commanders regarding 

transfer of detainees. 

 

6. Transfer or Release Mission 

a. For transfer or release from within the JOA to either other detention facilities or 

direct release of the detainee back into the community, the following requirements should be 

met: 

(1) When required by the applicable Geneva Convention, publication of the 

transfer/release order and informing the detainees of their impending transfer or release so 

that they may notify their next-of-kin of their new location. 

(2) Verify the accuracy of the detaineesí personnel records and provide copies (in 

a sealed envelope) to the transporting unit. 

(3) Verify that detainees possess their authorized clothing and equipment. 

(4) Account for and prepare impounded personal property for shipment with the 

escorting unit. 

(5) Ensure logistic resources are adequate (food, water, etc.). 

(6) Ensure that the detainees are manifested by name, rank/status, ISN, power 

served, nationality, and physical condition. Attach the manifest to the original receipt and 

provide a copy to the NDRC. 

(7) Prepare paperwork in English and other languages (if required) before 

transferring/releasing the detainees. 

(8) Coordinate, prior to transfer, with JFC subordinate commanders regarding 

transfer of detainees. 

(9) Verify collected biometric data. 

b. For release from a long-term detention facility, the following requirements should 

be considered. SecDef, or his designee, will send official notification of transfer or release 

from long-term detention. Applicable execute orders approved by appropriate authority will 

delineate the responsibilities and procedures to undertake. Figure VII-1 outlines the release 

process, from long-term detention, for detainees. The DFC may tailor stations to meet the 

current situation and conditions. Some steps normally taken to execute the order include: 

(1) The releasing unit must prepare, maintain, and report the chain of custody and 

transfer/release documentation IAW current transfer and release procedures as directed by 

SecDef or his designee. 
Transfer or Release From Detention 

VII-5 

(2) Individual detainee preparation including, at a minimum, segregation and outbriefing, medical screening, and execution of conditional release statement for those 

detainees being released. 

(3) Determination of receipt/transfer location. 

(4) Movement routes to transfer location. Coordinate all routes through the 

appropriate combatant commanders. 

(5) Due to operational security concerns, only make public notification of a 

release and/or transfer in consultation and coordination with OSD. 

Figure VII-1. Transfer Accountability Measures 
Chapter VII 

VII-6 JP 3-63 

Intentionally Blank 
APPENDIX A 

DETENTION FACILITY RIOT CONTROL MEASURES 

A-1 

1. Introduction 

Riot control doctrine is usually written for quelling civil disturbances that occur in large 

open areas where the size of the responding force or the type of formation employed is not 

hampered by a lack of space. However, in a detention facility, detainee disturbances may 

occur in small, closed areas, such as a housing area, a dining facility, or a chapel where 

available maneuver space limits the size of the element and equipment that may be 

employed. The layout of each facility is different and presents its own problems when 

employing riot control measures. 

2. Crowd Tactics within a Detention Facility 

 a. In detention facility disturbances, detainees may employ a number of tactics to 

resist, to control, or to achieve their goals. Non-violent tactics range from obscene remarks, 

taunts, and jeers, to building barricades to impede troop movement. Violent crowd tactics 

used by detainees are often extremely destructive and can include physical attacks on 

guards, other detainees, or property. The use of violent tactics and makeshift weapons 

against individuals (guards or detainees), property, or facilities is limited only by the 

attitudes and ingenuity of the detainees, and the materials available to them. 

b. The guard force is susceptible to violent crowd behavior. Guards will likely 

become emotionally stimulated during a tense confrontation with unruly and violent 

detainees. To counteract the effect of crowd behavior on the guard force, commanders must 

institute rigorous training and firm and effective leadership. This training must include a 

complete awareness and understanding of the UOF as well as the commander’s intent. 

3. Planning 

 DFCs must be aware of the potential risks involved in quelling disturbances within a 

detention facility. Careful planning minimizes collateral damage and risks to control force 

members. Planners must consider: 

 a. The location of the disturbance. 

 b. The estimated number of rioters. 

 c. Access to weapons or improvised weapons. 

 d. Detainees’ military training. 

 e. Hostage situations. 

4. Use of Force Guidelines 

Plans, SOPs, and other directives must establish the procedures for authorization and 

use of lethal and non-lethal force, including riot control agents. Use of riot control agents 
Appendix A 

A-2 JP 3-63 

must be approved for use by appropriate authority IAW applicable rules for the UOF. 

Coordinate with the staff judge advocate prior to incorporating any of the UOF guidelines in 

plans, SOPs, and similar directives. 

5. Record of Events 

 A record of events must be initiated to provide a basis for the preparation and 

submission of a formal report to higher headquarters. Augment the record with video or still 

photographs if possible. 

6. Training and Equipment 

 Guard units and associated teams must establish a continuous training program and 

train regularly on emergency plans, riot control formations, UOF, first aid, and interpersonal 

communication skills. Recommended basic riot gear used by the control force includes: 

 a. Riot baton. 

 b. Riot shield. 

 c. Helmet with face shield and neck protection. 

 d. Groin protector. 

 e. Ballistic and stab resistant vest. 

 f. Leather gloves. 

 g. Shin protection. 

7. Forced Cell Move Teams 

 The intent of a forced cell move is to remove an unruly and/or uncooperative detainee 

from one cell to another in a controlled manner. This is a difficult task and must not be 

taken lightly. A forced cell move must be thoroughly planned, rehearsed, and properly 

resourced to ensure the safety of the team members and the detainee. A number of reasons 

may compel the commander to consider a forced cell move. The detainee may refuse to eat, 

to take his medication, to accept medical attention, to get a haircut, to keep himself clean, or 

to move or rotate cells when ordered. If use of non-lethal riot control agents is deemed 

desirable, DFCs must ensure use is approved. 
APPENDIX B 

DETAINEE REPORTING SYSTEM 

B-1 

1. Introduction 

 Timely and accurate reporting through the DRS is critical to ensuring accountability of 

detainees and adherence to obligations under applicable U.S. law, the law of war, and DOD 

policy. As detainees are collected and processed, applicable law and policy require that 

such information is forwarded to the appropriate authorities. 

2. National Detainee Reporting Center 

The NDRC is the executive agent designated by the OPMG as the recipient and archive 

for all detainee information. The NDRC’s principal responsibility is to ensure the 

collection, storage, and appropriate dissemination of detainee information as required by AR 

190-8, Enemy Prisoner of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other 

Detainees, and DODD 2310.01E, The Department of Defense Detainee Program. The 

NDRC provides detainee information to the ICRC to fulfill the requirements of applicable 

law and policy. The NDRC directs the development of the DRS, and the NDRC issues 

blocks of ISNs to the TDRCs. 

3. Theater Detainee Reporting Center 

 The TDRC functions as the field operations agency for the NDRC. It reports all 

detainee data directly to the NDRC. It is the central agency responsible for maintaining 

information on all detainees and their personal property within an operational area. It will 

obtain and store information concerning all detainees in the custody of U.S. Armed Forces 

and those captured by U.S. Armed Forces and transferred to or from other powers for 

detention (either temporarily or permanently). The TDRC serves as the theater repository 

for information pertaining to accountability of detainees and implementation of DOD 

policy. It will provide initial and replacement block ISN assignments to organizations 

operating in the theater and request replacement ISNs from the NDRC. The ISN is the sole 

number used to track detainees and their property. The TDRC will issue a block of ISNs to 

organizations that process detainees upon authorization from the NDRC. 

 

 a. All locations issued ISNs by the TDRC will forward information concerning the 

detainees back to the TDRC. The ISN is used throughout the detainees’ detention as their 

primary means of identification and is used to link the detainee with biometric data, DNA 

(deoxyribonucleic acid), personal property, medical information, and issued equipment. 

 

 b. Any location that holds detained persons may receive a DRS if deemed necessary 

by the combatant commander, TDRC, or NDRC. If provided with a DRS, the facility can 

request ISNs (except collection points) from the TDRC and forward all information 

concerning the detainees to the TDRC. The ISN issued at the facility will be used 

throughout the detainees’ detention. 
Appendix B 

B-2 JP 3-63 

Intentionally Blank 
APPENDIX C 

REFERENCES 

C-1 

 The development of JP 3-63 is based upon the following primary references: 

1. U.S. Statutes 

 a. Public Law 109-366, Military Commissions Act of 2006. 

b. Public Law 109-163, The Detainee Treatment Act of 2005. 

2. Multinational Treaties 

a. Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and 

Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 12 August 1949. 

b. Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick, 

and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, 12 August 1949. 

c. Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 

1949. 

d. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 

12 August 1949.

3. Department of Defense Documents 

a. DIAM 58-12, The DOD HUMINT Management System.

b. DODD 1325.4, Confinement of Military Prisoners and Administration of Military 

Correctional Programs and Facilitates. 

c. DODD 2310.01E, The Department of Defense Detainee Program.

d. DODD 2311.01E, DOD Law of War Program.

e. DODD 3115.09, DOD Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Briefings, and 

Tactical Questioning. 

f. DODI 2310.08E, Medical Program Support for Detainee Operations. 

4. Joint Policy, Doctrine, and Other Publications 

a. CJCSI 3290.01B, Program for Detainee Operations.

b. CJCSI 5810.01C, Implementation of the DOD Law of War Program. 
Appendix C

C-2 JP 3-63 

c. JP 2-01.2, Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence Support to Joint 

Operations.

5. Multi-Service Publications 

 AR 190-8, OPNAVINST 3461.6, AFI 31-304, MCO 3461.1, Enemy Prisoners of War, 

Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other Detainees.

6. U.S. Army Publications 

a. AR 27-10, Military Justice. 

b. AR 190-40, Serious Incident Report. 

c. AR 190-47, Army Corrections System. 

d. DA Pam 25-6, Configuration Management for Automated Information Systems.

e. FM 2-22.3, Human Intelligence Collector Operations. 

f. FM 3-19.40 Military Police Internment/Resettlement Operations.

g. FM 5-34, Engineer Field Data.

h. Kandahar Detention Facility Standard Operating Procedures. 

7. U.S. Air Force Publications 

a. AFI 31-207, Arming and Use of Force by Air Force Personnel.

b. AMC Detainee Movement Standard Operating Procedures. 

8. U.S. Marine Corps Publications 

MCO P1640.4C Marine Corps Correctional Custody Manual.

9. U.S. Navy Publications 

a. SECNAVINST 1640.9C Department of the Navy Corrections Manual.

b. SECNAV Instruction 3461.3, Program for Prisoners of War and Other Detainees. 

c. NWP 3-07.4, Maritime Counter Drug and Alien Migrant Interdiction Operations. 

d. OPNAV Instruction 1640.9A, Guide for the Operation and Administration of 

Detention Facilities. 
References 

C-3 

10. Other Publications 

a. USEUCOM Directive 45-1, Law of War Program.

b. Allied Joint Publication 2.5, Captured Persons, Materiel, and Documents.

c. STP 21-24-SMCT, Soldier’s Manual of Common Tasks. 

d. Bagram Standard Operating Procedures. 

e. GTMO Standard Operating Procedures. 

f. GTMO Medical Standard Operating Procedures. 

g. GTMO Tiger Team Standard Operating Procedures. 
Appendix C

C-4 JP 3-63 

Intentionally Blank 
APPENDIX D 

ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS

D-1 

1. User Comments 

 Users in the field are highly encouraged to submit comments on this publication to: 

Commander, United States Joint Forces Command, Joint Warfighting Center, ATTN: 

Doctrine Group, 116 Lake View Parkway, Suffolk, VA 23435-2697. These comments 

should address content (accuracy, usefulness, consistency, and organization), writing, and 

appearance. 

2. Authorship 

 The lead agent for this publication is the U.S. Army. The Joint Staff doctrine sponsor 

for this publication is the Director for Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5). 

3. Change Recommendations 

 a. Recommendations for urgent changes to this publication should be submitted: 

 TO: CSA WASHINGTON DC//G-3/5//DAMO-SSP// 

 INFO: JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC//J7-JEDD// 

 CDRUSJFCOM SUFFOLK VA//DOC GP// 

 Routine changes should be submitted electronically to Commander, Joint Warfighting 

Center, Joint Doctrine Group and info the Lead Agent and the Director for Operational Plans 

and Joint Force Development J-7/JEDD via the CJCS JEL at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine. 

 b. When a Joint Staff directorate submits a proposal to the Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff that would change source document information reflected in this publication, 

that directorate will include a proposed change to this publication as an enclosure to its 

proposal. The Military Services and other organizations are requested to notify the Joint 

Staff J-7 when changes to source documents reflected in this publication are initiated. 

 c. Record of Changes: 

 CHANGE COPY DATE OF DATE POSTED 

 NUMBER NUMBER CHANGE ENTERED BY REMARKS 

 ______________________________________________________________________________ 

 ______________________________________________________________________________ 

 ______________________________________________________________________________ 

4. Distribution of Publications 

 Local reproduction is authorized and access to unclassified publications is unrestricted. 

However, access to and reproduction authorization for classified joint publications must be 

in accordance with DOD Regulation 5200.1-R, Information Security Program. 
Appendix D

D-2 JP 3-63 

5. Distribution of Electronic Publications 

 a. Joint Staff J-7 will not print copies of JPs for distribution. Electronic versions are 

available on JDEIS at https://jdeis.js.mil (NIPRNET), and https://jdeis.js.smil.mil 

(SIPRNET) and on the JEL at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine (NIPRNET). 

 b. Only approved joint publications and joint test publications are releasable outside 

the combatant commands, Services, and Joint Staff. Release of any classified joint 

publication to foreign governments or foreign nationals must be requested through the local 

embassy (Defense Attaché Office) to DIA Foreign Liaison Office, PO-FL, Room 1E811, 

7400 Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301-7400. 

 c. CD-ROM. Upon request of a JDDC member, the Joint Staff J-7 will produce and 

deliver one CD-ROM with current joint publications. 
GLOSSARY 

PART I ñ ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

GL-1 

AFI Air Force instruction 

AFME Armed Forces Medical Examiner 

AR Army regulation 

C2 command and control 

CDO commander, detainee operations 

CI civilian internee 

CJCSI Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction 

DCP detainee collection point 

DD Department of Defense (form) 

DFC detention facility commander 

DHA detainee holding area 

DIAM Defense Intelligence Agency manual 

DOD Department of Defense 

DODD Department of Defense directive 

DRS detainee reporting system 

EC enemy combatant 

EPW enemy prisoner of war 

FM field manual 

GC Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian 

Persons in Time of War 

GPW Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of 

War 

GWS Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of 

the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field 

HUMINT human intelligence 

IAW in accordance with 

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross 

I/R BN internment/resettlement battalion 

ISN internment serial number 

J-2X joint force counterintelligence and human intelligence staff 

element 

JFC joint force commander 

JFS joint force surgeon 

JIDC joint interrogation and debriefing center 

JOA joint operations area 

MCIO military criminal investigative organization 
Glossary 

GL-2 JP 3-63 

MCO Marine Corps order 

METT-T mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support 

available ñ time available (pursuant to establishment of this 

pub and JP 1-02) 

MI military intelligence 

MP military police 

NDRC National Detainee Reporting Center 

OC oleoresin capsicum 

OPMG Office of the Provost Marshal General 

OPNAVINST Chief of Naval Operations instruction 

OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense 

PSYOP psychological operations 

RP retained personnel 

SecDef Secretary of Defense 

SIF strategic internment facility 

SOP standard operating procedure 

TDRC theater detainee reporting center 

TIF theater internment facility 

TQ tactical questioning 

UOF use of force 

USD(P) Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 
PART II ñ TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 

GL-3 

Unless otherwise annotated, this publication is the proponent for all terms and definitions 

found in the glossary. Upon approval, JP 1-02 will reflect this publication as the source 

document for these terms and definitions.

civilian internee. A civilian who is interned during armed conflict, occupation, or other 

military operation for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she committed an 

offense against the detaining power. Also called CI. (This term and its definition 

modify the existing term and its definition and are approved for inclusion in JP 1-02 and 

sourced to DODD 2310.01E.) 

counterintelligence operations. Proactive activities designed to identify, exploit, 

neutralize, or deter foreign intelligence collection and terrorist activities directed against 

the United States. (JP 2-01.2) 

detainee. A term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise detained by an armed 

force. (JP 3-63) 

enemy combatant. In general, a person engaged in hostilities against the United States or 

its coalition partners during an armed conflict. Also called EC. (This term and its 

definition modify the existing term and its definition and are approved for inclusion in 

JP 1-02 and sourced to DODD 2310.01E.) 

joint interrogation and debriefing center. Physical location for the exploitation of 

intelligence information from detainees and other sources. Also called JIDC. (JP 2-

01.2.) 

national detainee reporting center. National-level center that obtains and stores 

information concerning enemy prisoners of war, civilian internees, and retained 

personnel and their confiscated personal property. May be established upon the 

outbreak of an armed conflict or when persons are captured or detained by U.S. military 

forces in the course of the full range of military operations. Accounts for all persons 

who pass through the care, custody, and control of the U.S. Department of Defense. 

Also called NDRC. (Approved for inclusion in JP 1-02.) 

reportable incident. Any suspected or alleged violation of Department of Defense policy 

or of other related orders, policies, procedures or applicable law, for which there is 

credible information. (Approved for inclusion in JP 1-02.) 

retained personnel. Enemy medical personnel and medical staff administrators who are 

engaged in either the search for, collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or 

sick, or the prevention of disease; chaplains attached to enemy armed forces; and, staff 

of National Red Cross Societies and that of other volunteer aid societies, duly 

recognized and authorized by their governments to assist medical service personnel of 

their own armed forces, provided they are exclusively engaged in the search for, or the 

collection, transport or treatment of wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, and 

provided that the staff of such societies are subject to military laws and regulations. 
Glossary 

GL-4 JP 3-63 

Also called RP. (This term and its definition modify the existing term and its definition 

and are approved for inclusion in JP 1-02.) 

segregation. In detainee operations, the removal of a detainee from other detainees and 

their environment for legitimate purposes unrelated to interrogation, such as when 

necessary for the movement, health, safety, and/or security of the detainee, the detention 

facility, or its personnel. (Approved for inclusion in JP 1-02.) 

tactical questioning. Direct questioning by any Department of Defense personnel of a 

captured or detained person to obtain time-sensitive tactical intelligence information, at 

or near the point of capture or detention and consistent with applicable law. Also called 

TQ. (This term and its definition modify the existing term and its definition and are 

approved for inclusion in JP 1-02.) 

theater detainee reporting center. The field operating agency of the national detainee 

reporting center. It is the central tracing agency within the theater, responsible for 

maintaining information on all detainees and their personal property within a theater of 

operations or assigned area of operations. Also called TDRC. (Approved for inclusion 

in JP 1-02.) 
JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS HIERARCHY JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS HIERARCHY

JP 1-0 JP 2-0 JP 3-0

PERSONNEL

JP 4-0 JP 5-0 JP 6-0

INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS LOGISTICS

COMMUNICATION

PLANS SYSTEMS

JP 1

JOINT

DOCTRINE

Maintenance

Approval Development

Initiation

JOINT

DOCTRINE

PUBLICATION

ENHANCED

JOINT

WARFIGHTING

CAPABILITY

STEP #4 - Maintenance









JP published and continuously

assessed by users

Formal assessment begins 24-

27 months following

publication

Revision begins 3.5 years after

publication

Each JP revision is completed

no later than 5 years after

signature

STEP #3 - Approval STEP #2 - Development

STEP #1 - Initiation







JSDS delivers adjudicated matrix to JS J-7

JS J-7 prepares publication for signature

JSDS prepares JS staffing package

JSDS staffs the publication via JSAP for

signature













LA selects Primary Review Authority (PRA) to develop the

first draft (FD)

PRA/USJFCOM develops FD for staffing with JDDC

FD comment matrix adjudication

JS J-7 produces the final coordination (FC) draft, staffs to

JDDC and JS via Joint Staff Action Processing

Joint Staff doctrine sponsor (JSDS) adjudicates FC

comment matrix

FC Joint working group













Joint Doctrine Development

Community (JDDC) submission to

fill extant operational void

US Joint Forces Command

(USJFCOM) conducts front-end

analysis

Joint Doctrine Planning Conference

validation

Program Directive (PD) development

and staffing/joint working group

PD includes scope, references,

outline, milestones, and draft

authorship

Joint Staff (JS) J-7 approves and

releases PD to lead agent (LA)

(Service, combatant command, JS

directorate)

All joint publications are organized into a comprehensive hierarchy as shown in the chart above.

is in the series of joint doctrine publications. The diagram below illustrates an overview of

the development process:

Joint Publication

(JP) 3-63 Operations