VICTOR C SPRING Synopsis of the

Tribe Omobranchini

with Descriptions of

Three Mew Genera

and Two New Species

(Pisces: Blenniidae)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 130
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 130

Victor G. Springer Synopsis of the

Tribe Omobranchini

with Descriptions of

Three New Genera

and Two New Species

(Pisces: Blenniidae)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

1972
ABSTRACT

Springer, Victor G. Synopsis of the Tribe Omobranchini with Descriptions of

Three New Genera and Two New Species (Pisces: Blenniidae). Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, number 130, 31 pages, 16 figures, 1972.—The blenniid

tribe Omobranchini is characterized and a key is given to the six genera recognized in the tribe as well as to the species of all the genera except Omobranchus.

Three new genera and two new species are described: Parenchelyurus (typespecies: Enchelyurus hepburni Snyder), Omox biporos (monotypic, from the

Gulf of Thailand, New Guinea, and Palau Island), and Haptogenys quadripora

(monotypic, from the Gulf of Thailand). Distribution maps and illustrations

of all the species except those of Omobranchus are provided. A list of all the

nominal species of the Omobranchini with their present status and the location

of primary type material is included.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publications Data

Springer, Victor Gruschka, 1928-

Synopsis of the tribe Omobranchini with descriptions of three new genera and two new species

(Pisces: Blenniidae)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 130)

Bibliography: p. 15

1. Blenniidae. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to

zoology, no. 130.

QL1.S54 no. 130 [QL638.B6] 591'.08s [f>97'.58] 72-7069

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 50 cents (paper cover)
Victor G. Springer Synopsis of the

Tribe Omobranchini

with Descriptions of

Three New Genera

and Two New Species

(Pisces: Blenniidae)

The purpose of this paper is to synopsize the genera

of the blenniid tribe Omobranchini (Springer,

1968) and revise those genera comprising small

numbers of species. In effect, all the genera of the

Omobranchini except the genus Omobranchus

(with about 15—20 species) are revised. A revision

of Omobranchus is in progress and for the sake of

nomenclatural stability I have indicated (in the

list of all nominal species of the Omobranchini)

numerous synonyms that I have determined so far

for several of the Omobranchus species.

The Omobranchini is about comparable in numbers of genera (6) and species (25-30) to the Nemophini (Smith-Vaniz, personal communication),

much larger than the monotypic Phenablenniini,

about a third the size of the Blenniini, and a fifth

the size of the Salariini. Aside from the Phenablenniini, the Omobranchini is geographically the

most restricted blenniid tribe, occurring only in

the Indo-West Pacific area (excluding the apparently adventitious occurrence of the Indo-West Pacific species, Omobranchus punctatus, in the Caribbean Sea).

The tribe Omobranchini comprises small species:

only one or two species of Omobranchus attain a

Victor G. Springer, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Xational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C. 20560.

standard length of 100 mm; all other Omobranchini do not exceed 75 mm. The species are all

benthic, shallow-water inhabitants with few if any

verified records of occurrences deeper than five

meters. Some species are reported to occur in fresh

water, but most come from brackish or marine

habitats, and all occur around rocks, corals, and

shells. In general, the Omobranchini seems to occupy the same ecological niche as the Blenniini,

which is very poorly represented in the Indo-West

Pacific.

Methods

Counts of fin spines and rays, vertebrae, and

pleural and epipleural ribs were made as described by Smith-Vaniz and Springer (1971). Figure 1 presents the terminology used in recording

sensory pore counts. Tooth counts are separated

into incisors (Arabic numerals) and canines (Roman numerals) and presented as formulae—for example, I-30-I indicates that there is a canine on

each side and 30 incisors in the jaw. Many of the

meristic data are summarized in Tables 1—6.

Osteological terminology is that of Springer

(1968). Number of circumorbital bones is a fairly

constant feature for any species of blenniid; only

one or two specimens of each species were examined for this character.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

P C'P PP ST MS

FIGURE 1.—Diagrammatic illustration of cephalic sensory pores

of a hypothetical species of Omobranchini. Abbreviations:

AN, anterior nostril; CO, circumorbital scries; CP, common

pore of mandibular and preopercular series (not included in

mandibular pore counts, but included in supratemporalpreoperculo-mandibular counts); IO, interorbital series (both

sides included iti count; species have two to four IO

pores) ; Ml', mandibular series (species have either two

or three MP pores); MS, median predorsal supratemporal

pore (present or absent depending on species; MS included

in supratemporal-preoperculo-mandibular pore counts); NP,

nasal pores; PN, posterior nostril (absent only in some individuals of Enchelyurus species); PP, preopercular series;

ST, supratemporal series.

Standard length (SL) was measured from the

midtip of the upper lip to the midbase of the

caudal fin.

Statistical data, except for covariance analysis,

were computer analyzed according to formulae presented in Simpson, Roe, and Lewontin (1960) with

computer programs given by J. A. Peters (1971).

Covariance analysis was performed according to

Snedecor (1956) from a computer program prepared by my colleague, B. B. Collette.

Synonymies include only references to original

descriptions.

The following abbreviations have been used to

denote the location of specimens mentioned in the

study and the affiliations of persons named in the

acknowledgments section: AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York City; AMS,

Australian Museum, Sydney; ANSP, Academy of

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; BMNH, British

Museum (Natural History), London; BPBM, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu; CAS, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; FBQ,

Fisheries Branch, Department of Primary Industries, Queensland, Brisbane; GVF denotes station

or register numbers of specimens formerly with

the George Vanderbilt Foundation, Stanford University, but now with CAS; HUJ, Department of

Zoology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem; KUMF,

Kasetart University, Museum of Fisheries, Bangkok; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; MM denotes catalog

numbers of specimens formerly with the Macleay

Museum, University of Sydney, but now with AMS;

MNHN, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,

Paris; MSNG, Museo Civicio di Storia Naturale,

Genova; NFIS, Natur-Museum und ForschungsInstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt; NMV, Naturhistoriches Museum, Vienna; QMB, Queensland

Museum, Brisbane; RMNH, Rijksmuseum van

Natuurlijke Historic, Leiden; RU, Rhodes University, f.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa; SAM, South African

Museum, Capetown; SU denotes catalog numbers

of specimens formerly with the Division of Systematic Biology, Stanford University, but now with

CAS; USNM, United States National Museum of

Natural History; UTAI, University of Tel Aviv,

Israel; VVAM, Western Australian Museum, Perth;

ZMA Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit van Amsterdam; ZMB, Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie und

Zoologisches Museum, Berlin (East); ZSI, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta; ZSZM, Zoologisches

Staatsinstitut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg.

Tribe OMOBRANCHINI Springer, 1968

TYPE-GENUS.—Omobranchus Ehrenberg.

DiAGNosis.-Dorsal fin VI-XIV, 15-27; anal fin

II, 17-27; pectoral fin 12-17; pelvic fin I, 2 (spine

hidden); interopercle with posteriorly projecting

spur extending posterior to joint between interopercle and epihyal (Springer, 1968, fig. 16); dentaries united by suturing joint; premaxillaries not

excavated; teeth firmly ankylosed to jaws; fewer

than 50 incisor teeth in either jaw; enlarged canine

tooth on each side of both upper and lower jaws

(canines absent in mature females of Omobranchus jasciolntoceps); caudal fin rays unbranched

(except abnormally); last anal fin ray bound by

membrane to caudal peduncle or caudal fin; gill

openings restricted ventrally, never extending ventrally much below ventral level of pectoral fin base;

no cirri present on head, except present on nostrils

of one species, Laipltognathus multimaculatiis;

pores in circumorbital and preoperculo-mandibular
NUMBER ISO

series simple (no horizontal pairs or multiples);

dorsal fin notched only slightly, if at all, between

spinous and rayed portions; precaudal vertebrae

9—12 (rarely 9 or 12 in any species); caudal vertebrae 23-32; total vertebrae 33-43; basisphenoid

and intercalars present; pterosphenoids reduced,

excluded from external surface of cranium; swimbladder absent.

RELATIONSHIPS.—The Omobranchini appear to

be specialized offshoots of the Blenniini (Springer,

1968) and are most similar in appearance to the

Phenablenniini, with which they can be easily

confused. Superficially the Phenablenniini can be

most easily distinguished from the Omobranchini

in having three segmented rays in each pelvic fin

and only 14 segmented dorsal fin rays. The Phenablenniini lack the posteriorly projecting spur on

the interopercle, which is restricted to the Omobranchini in the Blenniidae (see Springer and

Smith-Vaniz, 1972, for detailed comparisons of the

blenniid fish tribes). An additional character for

separating the Omobranchii and Phenablenniini

that was not mentioned by Springer and SmithYaniz is the presence of 6 circumorbital pores in

the Phenablenniini and 7—12 in the Omobranchini

(one species of Omobranchini, Parenchelyurus

hyena, may have 6 circumorbital pores on one side

of the head as a variation).

Key to the Genera and Species (except those of Omobranchus) of the

Tribe Omobranchini

1. Cirri present on rims of anterior and posterior nostrils; circumorbital pores 9-12 (usually

10) ; one or more pores on occiput just anterior to median predorsal supratemporal

pore Laiphognathus multimaculatus

Cirri absent on rims of nostrils (anterior nostril may appear as slender tube); circumorbital

pores 7-9; no pores on occiput anterior to median predorsal supratemporal pore, which

may also be absent 2

2. Interorbital pores 4; no median predorsal supratemporal pore; gill opening extending

ventrally to or below level of 7th pectoral fin ray (from dorsalmost) 3

Interorbital pores 2-4 (4 in exceptional specimens only); median predorsal supratemporal

pore present; gill opening variable, frequently restricted to area dorsal to pectoral fin

base 4

3. Dorsal fin XII, 18; anal fin II, 20; length of shortest pelvic fin ray contained more than

two times in length of longest; mandibular pores 2; gill opening extending ventrally to

level of 13th pectoral fin ray (from dorsalmost); mouth ventral Haptogenys quadripora

Dorsal fin XII, 15-17; anal fin II, 17-19, length of shortest pelvic fin ray contained less

than two times in length of longest; mandibular pores 3, gill opening extending ventrally

to level of 7th—11th pectoral fin ray (from dorsalmost) ; mouth terminal Omox biporos

4. Three mandibular pores; supiateinporal-prcoperculo-mandibular pores 13 (rarely 12 in

valiant specimens) Omobranchus

Two mandibular pores; supratemporal-preoperculo-mandibular pores 11-12 5

5. Dorsal fin spines XI-XIII; pectoral fin rays 13 (rarely 14); gill opening restricted to area

dorsal to level of 5th pectoral fin ray (from dorsalmost); teeth fewer at any given size

(Figures 2 and 3) ; dorsal and anal fins attached on caudal fin not more than one-sixth

caudal fin length; adults with frontal bones separate; ventral hypural plate autogenous;

kinethmoid absent 6

Dorsal fin spines VI-XI (XI in 1 of 110 specimens of Enchelyurus brunneohis) ; pectoral

fin rays 13-17 (usually 14-16); gill opening variable, frequently extending ventrally

below level of 5th pectoral fin ray (from dorsalmost); teeth more at any given size

(Figures 2 and 3) ; dorsal and anal fins attached on caudal fin more than one-third caudal

fin length (except Enchelyurus jxlcrsi, when' they are attached at caudal fin bast) ; adults

with frontal bones fused (no joint evident); ventral hypural plate fused to urostylar

centrum; kinethmoid present 7

6. Lateral line consisting of 3—8 biporcd tubes anteriorly on body; head, body, and fins generally uniformly dark, occasionally with obscure dark spots (blue in life) ; dorsal fin

spines XI (rarely XII) Parenchelyurus hepburni

Lateral line absent on body; head, body, and fins pale with distinct dark spots; dorsal

fin spines XII-XIII Parenchelyurus hyena
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

7. Dorsal and anal fins scarcely or not attached on caudal fin; longest pelvic fin ray 6.7-9.1

percent SL, fin length not sexually dimorphic; last dorsal fin ray 7.0-9.8 percent SL;

last anal fin ray 5.4-8.7 percent SL; longest caudal fin ray 15.5—17.7 percent SL; total

dorsal fin elements 33-35 (usually 34) ; head and body pale with black stripe extending

from snout tip to well out on caudal fin Enchelyurus petersi (northern Red Sea)

Dorsal and anal fins attached well out on caudal fin; longest pelvic fin ray 10.7—38.6 percent

SL, males with pelvic fins relatively longer than those of females; last dorsal fin ray

10.1-18.6 percent SL; last anal fin ray 9.5-16.9 percent SL; longest caudal fin ray 16.3—

23.2 percent SL, total dorsal fin elements 28-34 (usually 29-33); head and body variably

marked, usually dark, never with black stripe 8

8. Gill opening extending ventrally to or below level of ventralmost pectoral fin ray; gill

opening depth 10.1-12.8 percent SL; precaudal vertebrae 11-12; total vertebrae 36-39;

pectoral fin rays 15-17 (usually 16) ; female urogenital region conspicuously pigmented,

much darker than surrounding area (Figure 8)

Enchelyurus flavipes (Philippines, Malaya, Indonesia)

Gill opening extending ventrally at most to level of 11th pectoral fin ray (from dorsalmost);

gill opening depth 4.2-8.2 percent SL; precaudal vertebrae 9-11 (usually 10) ; total vertebrae 33—37 (rarely 37); pectoral fin rays 13-16 (usually 14-15) ; female urogenital region

not conspicuously darker than surrounding area 9

9. Dorsal fin spines with strong mode of 10; pectoral fin rays with strong mode of 14; head of

male with pattern of prominent dark markings laterally and ventrally

Enchelyurus brunneolus (Hawaiian Islands)

Dorsal fin spines modally 7-9; pectoral fin rays with strong mode of 15; head of male

variably pigmented: uniformly dark, with fine dark pin stripes laterally only, with

reticular pattern or with scarcely noticeable, diffusely dusky broad stripes 10

10. Dorsal fin spines 6-9 (rarely 6 or 9); head of male uniformly dark or with dark pin

stripes laterally only

Enchelyurus kraussi (Red Sea, Indian Ocean. Western Pacific Ocean)

Dorsal fin spines 8-10 (rarely 8 or 10); head of male variably pigmented; uniformly dark,

with reticular pattern, or with scarcely noticeable diffusely dusky broad stripes, frequently over ventral surface of head Enchelyurus ater (Oceania)

Genus Enchelyurus Peters

Enchelyurus W. Peters, 1868, p. 268 [type-species: E. flavipes

W. Peters, 1868, by monotypy].

DIAGNOSIS.—No cirri on head; dorsal and anal

fins attached well out on caudal fin (except £.

petersi); frontal bones fused in adults; 3 circumorbital bones; kinethmoid present; postcleithra reduced to one or two bony fragments, neither of

which articulates with cleithrum; ventral hypural

plate fused to urostylar centrum; 6-11 dorsal fin

spines (11 in less than 1 percent of specimens);

13-17 (usually 11-16) pectoral fin rays; nasal bones

separate; 7 sensory pores in circumorbital series; 3

sensory pores in mandibular series; 12 sensory

pores in supratemporal-preoperculo-mandibular

series; 3 interorbital sensory pores; posterior nostril

reduced in size or absent; gill opening extending

ventrally from opposite level of dorsalmost pectoral

fin ray to opposite level just below ventralmost

pectoral fin ray; shortest pelvic fin ray more than

half length of longest.

RELATIONSHIPS.—Superficially Enchelyurus appears to be most similar to Par enchelyurus,

particularly P. hepburni, but the osteological specializations of Enchelyurus are so distinctive as to

obscure its relationships within the Omobranchini.

These specializations include the fusion of the

frontals (found elsewhere in the Blenniidae only

in Plagiotremus of the Nemophini), reduction of

the postcleithra to bony fragments (found elsewhere in the Blenniidae only in Ecsenius and

Praealticus of the Salariini), reduction by fusion

of the number of circumorbital bones, fusion of

the ventral hypural plate to the urostylar centrum

and ossification of the rostral cartilage to form a

kinethmoid. In addition, most species have a reduced number of dorsal fin spines but an increased

number of pectoral fin rays as compared to other

Omobranchini. The reduction of the size of the

posterior nostril, which is sometimes absent, is

unique within the Blenniidae.

In the Omobranchini, Haptogenys is similar to

Enchelyurus in having a kinethmoid (see frontal
NUMBER 130

view of Enchelyurus kranssi skull in Springer, 1968,

fig. 13) and Laiphognathus is similar in having the

ventral hypural plate fused to the urostylar centrum. Among the Omobranchini, Par enchelyurus

may have 3 or 4 circumorbital bones, Enchelyurus

has 3 and all other genera have 4 or 5.

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM.—Males of Enchelyurus attain a larger size than conspecific females. Such

sexual dimorphism is common in the Blenniidae.

Among all Enchelyurus species except E. petersi,

males tend to have a proportionately longer pelvic

fin. Males of E. flavipes tend to have a proportionately longer caudal fin than females (data on pelvic

and caudal fins in personal files of VGS). Females

of E. flavipes have a noticeable black area around

the genital papilla (Figure 8) not exhibited by

males or by either sex of the other species. Males

of E. kranssi, E. ater, and E. brunneolus usually

have a pattern of stripes, spots, or vermiculations

on the head that is lacking in females. A few males

of E. flavipes also show indications of such a pattern on the head. Males of Enchelyurus have a

variable tendency to develop a striped pattern, particularly anteriorly, on the dorsal and anal fins.

The anal fin rays of mature males tend to bear

fleshy swellings subterminally (Figure 8). Similar

structures are present in some species of Omobranchus and have also been reported in the Blenniini

(Krejsa, 1960). They are also present in at least

nuptial males of all Nemophini (Smith-Vaniz, personal communication).

DENTITION.—The species of Enchelyurus show

significant differences in numbers of jaw teeth (Figures 2 and 3, Tables 5 and 6) both between species

and between this genus and others in the Omobranchini, excluding possibly Omobranchus. There

is no sexual dimorphism exhibited by numbers of

teeth in Enchelyurus. As is typical of blenniids in

general, numbers of teeth in Enchelyurus tend to

increase with increase in standard length. On the

basis of tooth numbers the species of Enchelyurus

fall into three groups: (1) E. kraussi, E. ater, and

E. brunneolus, (2) E. flavipes, and (3) E. petersi.

These groups are correlated also with type of color

pattern and other morphological characters. [The

tables and graphs were constructed before a specimen of E. petersi (31.2 mm, total premaxillary

teeth 23, total dentary teeth 23) was obtained. The

tooth counts for this specimen would tend to lower

the slope of the regression line for premaxillary

teeth and raise the slope of the regression line for

dentary teeth for this species.]

Enchelyurus ater (Giinther)

FlCURE 6

Petroscirles ater Gunther. 1877, p. 199 [Tahiti, BMNH 1873,

8.1.35].

Hypleurochilus vaillanti Jordan and Seale, 1906, p. 420

[Pago Pago, Samoa, USNM 51788].

In the original description Hypleurochilus vaillanti was not compared with any other species of

blenniid. The holotype is a typical juvenile (11.0

mm SL) of E. ater.

Enchelyurus ater is known only from Oceania

south of the equator and east of 160° west longitude (Figure 5). Its distribution does not overlap

that of any other species of Enchelyurus.

The markings on the heads of mature males are

not so noticeable as they are in E. kraussi and E.

brunneolus, the other two species in the same

group with E. ater. The markings appear to be

restricted to the larger males. Of 25 males, 25 mm

or larger, available, nineteen (25.0—37.0 mm, average 29.8 mm) lacked markings on the head and six

(33.7-14.3 mm, average 37.8 mm) had markings.

In some specimens the markings appear as a reticular pattern of dark lines (Figure 6), in others as

a scarcely noticeable dusky mottling. When present, the markings occur on the ventral surface of

the head as well as on the sides.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Caledonia: USNM

195789 (41.0), CAS 21691 (41.2). Tonga: BMNH

1877.12.10.44 (34.4). Fiji Islands: Viti Levu, CAS

24694 (22.8). Society Islands: Moorea, USNM

201516 (30.0); Tahiti, BMNH 1873.8.1.35 (31.5,

holotype of Pctroscirtes ater), CAS SU24628 (20.9).

French Oceania: Maiao, CAS GVF1354 (4: 15.7-

33.0). Samoan Islands: USNM 52251 (10: 19.4-

29.7), Apia, USNM 52248 (10: 12.7-29.9, including

one cleared and stained), Upolu, BMNH 1926.3.6.94

(23.4), Pago Pago, CAS SU8986 (17: 12.2-37.0),

USNM 51799 (11.4, holotype of Hypleurochilus

vaillanti). USNM 195715 (3: 25.0-30.6, probably

from Samoa). Tuamotu Archipelago: Tikahau

Island, USXM 204515 (4: 22.3-32.4); Raroia, CAS

GVF82 (13: 21.2-29.2), CAS GVF61 (2: 29.2-30.4),

CAS GVF96 (4: 18.5-33.7), CAS GVF77 (2: 22-

27.3). Rapa: C. L. Smith field nos. AMNH S70-23
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

(2: 32.2 37.2), AMNH S70-34 (35.5), AMNH

S70-35 (44.3).

Enchelyurus brunneolus (Jenkins)

FIGURE 7

Aspidontus brunneolus Jenkins, 1903, p. 510 [Honolulu, Oahu,

Hawaii, USNM 50718].

Enchelyurus edmonsoni Fowler, 1923, p. 389 [Honomuni,

Molokai, Hawaii, BPBM 3401].

Enchelyurus edmonsoni was described from a male

and compared only with E. ater. The holotype of

E. brunncolus is also a male. Strasburg (1956)

discussed color pattern, sexual dimorphism, and

relationships of E. brunneolus.

This species is the smallest in the Omobranchini.

The largest specimen seen was 31.2 mm SL. Strasburg (1956) mentioned that it rarely exceeded 25

mm in length. E. brunneolus is known only from

the Hawaiian Islands (Figure 5), where it is apparently quite common.

MATERIAL F.XAMINED.—Hawaiian Islands: Molokai

BPBM 3401 (26.0, holotype of Enchelyurus edmonsoni), BPBM 1982 (21.0), BPBM 4984 (18.0),

USXM 161991 (11.9), USNM 160685 (2: 22.4-23.5);

Oahu, BPBM 7866 (11: 15.1-25.3), BPBM 5315

(19.0), BPBM 4983 (4: 12.0-23.0), BPBM 4988

(3: 13.0-25.0), BPBM 6985 (29.0), BPBM 4985

(23.0), CAS SU7685 (40: 11.2-31.2), USNM 78056

(4: 12.4-23.0), USNM 111975 (8: 12.0-27.0),

USNM 50718 (29.0, holotype of Aspidontus brunneolus); Maro Reef, CAS GVF Station 33 (15:

17.8-31.1); Laysan, CAS 51GVF15 (6: 12.9-27.6),

CAS 51GVF26 (3: 20.3-24.2), CAS GVF Station 12

(4: 17.7-25.8), BPBM 4986 (12.0); Lisianski,

BPBM 4987 (29.0).

Enchelyurus flavipes Peters

FIGURE 8

Enchelyurus jlavipes \V. Peters, 1868, p. 26 [Singapore, ZMB

5193].

Enchelyurus flavipes \ar. nigerrima Weber, 1913, p. 545

[Insel Barang bei Makassar; ZMB 5193].

Weber differentiated his variety, nigerrima, from

the typical form only on the basis of the variety's

being darker. The two forms were synonyini/ed by

de Beaufort (in de Beaufort and Chapman, 1951)

without comment. There is considerable variation

in color pattern among specimens within a single

collection and I do not believe any subspecific

categories are merited. I am unable to place

Gonto Soea, the locality on the label with the holotype of nigerrima, or to explain the discrepancy

between the published locality (Insel Barang) for

the holotype and that given on the label. Both

places are cited as being near Makassar (Celebes).

Philippine specimens of E. flavipes have generally

higher numbers of total dorsal and anal fin ray

elements than do specimens from Singapore

(Fable 1).

E. flavipes is essentially an Indo-Malayan species,

overlapping in distribution little if any that of E.

kraussi, whose distribution, in general, surrounds

that of E. flavipes (Figure 5).

M VH.R1AI. i xAMiNKi).—Singapore: ZMB 5193 (2:

18.3-51.8, syntypes of E. flavipes), CAS 24692 (7:

32.9-13.8). Celebes: Gonto Soea (near Makassar),

RMNH 20813 (47.fi, holotype of E. flavipes variety

nigerrima): Great Tobea Island, USNM 137864

(12: 27.1-11.6, including two cleared and stained).

Sulu Islands: Tataan-Simalue Island, USNM 137862

(25.1), USNM 137863 (41.4); Sitankai, CAS

SU3578O (24.8). Philippine Islands: Culion Island,

CAS SU28411 (32.5).

Enchelyurus kraussi (Klunzinger)

FIGURE 9

Peteroscirtes kraussi Klunzinger, 1871, p. 497 [Kosseir, Egypt,

ISZZ 8029, lectotype].

Enchelyurus analis H. M. Smith, 1934, p. 318 [Koh Tao, Gulf

of Siam, KUMF 0175].

The syntypes of Petroscirtes kraussi comprise 5

specimens (NFIS 1662, two specimens in poor

condition; ZMB 8029, two male specimens, 37.4-

44.6 mm SL; and ZMB 10506, one female, 35.5 mm

SL). I here designate the 37.4 mm male specimen

of ZMB 8029 as lectotype. It has the following

characters: dorsal fin VII, 23; anal fin II, 20; pectoral fins 15-15; vertebrae 10 -f 25; I-30-I teeth

in each jaw.

In the original description Enchelyurus a?wlis

was compared only with E. ater. I have not seen the

holotype of E. analis but the illustration accompanying the description depicts a male E. kraussi,

;is evidenced by the pattern of stripes on the head

and anal fin.
NUMBER 130

Aoyagi (1954) discussed Enchelyurus kraussi but

used the name Enchelyurus ater. He gave an illustration of a male E. kraussi, but the illustration

was captioned "Lepidoblennius marmoratus ishigakiensis n. subsp." (Lepidoblennius is a genus of

Tripterygiidae). For a figure of a tripterygiid in

the same paper he gave the caption "Enchelyurus

ater (Giinther)." Obviously the figures and captions

were switched. The specimen Aoyagi reported on

from Okinawa represents the northernmost record

for E. kraussi (this record is not included on

Figure 5).

E. kraussi is known from the Red Sea, Indian

Ocean, and western Pacific Ocean (Figure 5). There

is a tendency for the number of dorsal fin spines

to increase in an east to west direction (Table 1).

The increase in the number of dorsal fin spines

continues eastward into the contiguous populations

of E. ater and from E. ater northward into E.

brunncolus, the other members of the E. kraussi

species group. One might interpret these three

species as representing only populations of a single

species, but sharp differences in the nature of the

color pattern of mature males of the three species

convinces me otherwise. In addition, E. brunneolus

has fewer pectoral fin rays than the other two forms.

Specimens of E. kraussi from Guam and Saipan

are distinguished from specimens from other localities in that the males lack stripes on the head. The

Guam and Saipan populations are well separated

geographically from the other populations of E.

kraussi. Though the color pattern difference of the

Guam and Saipan populations may indicate a

species difference, I defer such recognition until

more specimens from throughout the range of E.

kraussi are available.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Gulf of Aqaba: Sinai coast,

HUJ 642 (27.4), HUJ 687 (33.5), HUJ 686 (27.2),

UTAI 5765 (13.0), UTAI 4544 (18.3), USNM

204538 (14.7), USNM 204537 (14.0). Egypt: Kosseir,

ZMB 8029 (2: 37.4-44.6, smaller specimen herein

designated lectotype of Petroscirtes kraussi), ZMB

10506 (35.5), NFIS 1662 (2, poor condition). Sudan:

Port Sudan, BMNH 1968.11.27.14 (25.9). Gulf of

Aden: Bay of Djibouti, MNHN 1940-318 (24.5);

Berbera, BMNH 1954.4.26.219-220 (2: 29.3-33.5).

Seychelles Islands: RU 2332 (3: 11.4-31.8), ZSZM

14779 (8: 22.2-31.3). Aldabra: RU 2331 (34.8).

South Viet Nam: Hon Mieu Island, CAS GVF2789

(28.6); Hon Lon Island, CAS 24695 (27.8). Gulf of

Thailand: Goh Luem, CAS GVF2648 (21.0).

Indonesia: Pulo Mega, Mentawei Islands, USNM

200609 (28.9); Moluccas, Tomahu Island, USNM

99367 (29.0). Taiwan: Southwest tip, USNM 204595

(6. 27.2-33.2). Philippine Islands: Canino Island,

USNM 161422 (30.2). Marianas Islands: Guam,

CAS GVF1874 (5: 24.5-27.1), CAS 24693 (23.2),

CAS GVF1859 (20: 14.4-29.4); Saipan, CAS

GVF790 (29.2), USNM 195812 (19.8). New Guinea:

Kiriwina, Trobriand Islands, USNM 205708 (2:

20.0-28.5). Australia: Great Barrier Reef, One

Tree Island, USNM 201831 (2: 36.0-41.0), USNM

204593 (31.3), USNM 204594 (31.6), USNM 204592

(9: 30.3-36.2, USNM 201840 (37.0), USNM 204082

(26.2), USNM 201370 (22: 23.0-36.0).

Enchelyurus petersi (Kossmann and Rauber)

FIGURE 10

Petroscirtes petersi Kossmann and Rauber, 1877, p. 21 [Red

Sea; holotype lost].

The holotype of E. petersi is apparently lost

(Klausewitz, personal communication). The illustration given with the description is readily recognizable as a relatively common species found in the

shallow waters of the Gulf of Aqaba and Gulf of

Suez. Kossmann and Rauber reported the typelocality as "Red Sea." All other specimens known

to me are from Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, and Tor

(also known as Et Tur) and Ras Massala, Gulf of

Suez. Kossmann and Rauber reported that some of

their collections came from Tor and, with the

exception of a few sharks and echeneids, the remainder of their collections came from Massawa

and the Dahlak Islands in the southern Red Sea.

It would be desirable to know if E. petersi occurs

in the Red Sea proper.

E. petersi is not only the most distinctive species

of Enchelyurus but it is readily recognizable from

all other species in the Omobranchini by its striped

color pattern.

E. petersi is found primarily around rocks, in

empty worm tubes, and around sea urchins

(Diadcma) very close to shore. The pale portions

of the body vary from cream colored to bright

yellow or yellow-green, and the species is quite

visible in its habitat. In contrast, I have never seen

E. kraussi (which is sympatric with E. petersi) in

nature.
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Gulf of Aqaba: Eilat, HUJ

E61-9 (30.8), HUJ 60/90.34 (2: 33.0-36.6), USNM

204540 (6: 38.6—53.5, including one specimen

cleared and stained). Gulf of Suez: ZSZM 14776

(44.7); Tor, USNM 204539 (2: 28.4-35.7), Ras

Massala, HUJ SLR2908 (31.2).

Haptogenys, new genus

DIAGNOSIS.—No cirri on head; dorsal and anal fins

not attached to caudal fin; frontal bones separate in

adults; 4 circumorbital bones; kinethmoid present;

postcleithra normal; 12 dorsal fin spines; 13 pectoral

fin rays; nasal bones joined dorsomesially; 8 sensory

pores in circumorbital series; 2 sensory pores in

mandibular series; 13 sensory pores in supratemporal-preoperculo-mandibular series, 4 interorbital

sensory pores; posterior nostril present, normal; gill

opening extending ventrally to point opposite level

of ventralmost pectral fin ray; shortest pelvic fin

ray less than half length of longest.

RELATIONSHIP.— Haptogenys is unique in the

Omobranchini in having large trabeculate nasal

bones that meet dorsomesially (as opposed to

separate, moderate-sized, slender nasals) and a ventral mouth similar to that found in the nemophinin

genus Plagiotremns Gill (=Runula Jordan and

Bollman). These characters are specializations superimposed on a basically Omobranchus-like body.

The similarity of the head shape and jaws of

Haptogenys to those of Plagiotremus apparently is

the result of similar feeding habits. The stomach

contents of the single known specimen of Haptogenys contained fin rays and membrane from fishes

(other Omobranchini feed on small invertebrates).

Plagiotremus feeds on the scales and epidermis of

fishes.

ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek hapto, "join," and

genys, "jaw," in reference to the suturing joint of

the dentary bones of the Omobranchini; gender

feminine.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Haptogenys quadripora, new species.

Haptogenys quadripora, new species

FIGURE 11

HOLOTYPF (only known specimen).-USNM

119658, male, 61.6 mm SL, 62.5 mm SL when

measured from midtip of snout; Koh Tao Island,

Gulf of Thailand, lat. 10°03' N, 99°51' E; collected

by H.M. Smith, 3 January 1927; specimen now

cleared and stained.

DESCRIPTION.—Dorsal fin XII, 18; anal fin II, 20;

pectoral fins 13-13; pelvic fins 1,2-1,2; caudal fin

(dorsal procurrent rays -f- segmented rays -4-

ventral procurrent rays) 7-4-13-J-7; hypural 5

absent; two epurals; vertebrae 10+28; pleural ribs

on vertebrae 3-10; epipleural ribs on vertebrae

1-12; upper jaw teeth I—22-1; lower jaw teeth

1-26—I.

Proportions as percent SL: snout tip to gill

opening 21.0, fleshy interorbital width 7.3, upper

jaw length 6.2, gill opening depth 7.6, body depth

at anal fin origin 16.6, third dorsal fin spine length

(DS3) 10.2, DS5 9.9, DS12 7.0, first dorsal ray length

(DR1) 10.4, DR5 11.7, DR18 7.5; longest pectoral

fin ray 14.5, longest pelvic fin ray 14.8, shortest

pelvic fin ray 6.3, longest caudal fin ray 23.6, last

dorsal fin ray to midcaudal fin base 11.4, last anal

fin ray to midcaudal fin base 9.8.

Dorsal fin origin slightly in advance of level of

gill opening, notched slightly above last spine.

Tips of most caudal fin rays exserted beyond margin of interradial membrane. Lateral line absent

on body; no midpredorsal supratemporal sensory

pore. Color pattern, if present, now almost completely faded. The only markings present are a

spot on the anterior dorsal fin spines and another,

larger spot on the antepenultimate dorsal fin spine.

ETYMOLOGY.—An adjective derived from the Latin

quadri-, "four," and the Greek poros "holes," and

referring to the four interorbital sensory pores.

Genus Laiphognathus Smith

I.aiphognathus J. L. B. Smith, 1955, p. 23 [type-spedes: L.

multimaculatus J. L. B. Smith, 1955, by original designation].

DIAGNOSIS.—Cirri present on rims of anterior and

posterior nostrils; dorsal and anal fins not attached

to caudal fin; frontal bones separate in adults; 5

circumorbital bones; no kinethmoid; postcleithra

normal; nasal bones separate; ventral hypural plate

fused to urostylar centrum; 11 (rarely 10 or 12)

dorsal fin spines; 13 (rarely 12 or 14) pectoral fin

rays; 9-12 sensory pores in circumorbital series; 3

sensory pores in mandibular series; 14—20 sensory

pores in supratemporal - preoperculo - mandibular
NUMBER 130

series; 3 interorbital sensory pores; posterior nostril

present, normal; gill opening restricted to area

above level of fourth from dorsalmost pectoral fin

ray; shortest pelvic fin ray more than half length of

longest.

RELATIONSHIPS.—The presence of cirri and the

high number of pores in the circumorbital and

supratemporal-preoperculo-mandibular series distinguish Laiphognathus from the other Omobranchini. These characters appear to be either

specializations imposed on a basically Ombranchuslike form or the characters are primitive for the

tribe. In the latter case, loss of cirri and decrease

in the number of pores would be almost all that

would be necessary to derive Omobranchus from

Laiphognathus. However, the fusion of the ventral

hypural plate to the urostylar centrum of Laiphognathus is a specialization not found in Omobranchus.

Laiphognathus tnultimaculatus Smith

FIGURE 12

Laiphognathus tnultimaculatus J. L. B. Smith, 1955, p. 24

[Bazaruto Island, Mozambique, RU 237].

New records of this species have not been reported

in the literature since the original description,

despite the fact that it is relatively common in

collections and widely distributed geographically

(Figure 4).

Secondary sexual dimorphism is exhibited in this

species by a relative increase in the size of the nasal

cirri of males. Males also have a dark spot on the

venter and an elongate dark spot on the underside

of the lower jaw that are not present in females,

which have an immaculate venter and some small,

round, dark spots anteriorly on the underside of

the jaw.

The cirri on the labial flap at the corner of the

mouth are poorly developed in small specimens and

are readily overlooked.

Fin ray and vertebral counts of specimens from

the various localities indicate a somewhat clinal

shift in both an easterly and westerly direction

from the Gulf of Thailand (Tables 1 and 2). Other

population differences were also noted. In all but

the Ceylonese specimens there are two cirri on the

rims of each anterior and posterior nostril, with

one and three cirri as rare variants. All seven of

the Ceylonese specimens have three cirri on each

nostril. In the Ceylonese specimens the supratemporal - preoperculo - mandibular sensory pore

count is 17-20, in the other specimens 14-15. The

difference in pore counts occurs in the midpredorsal

supratemporal canal position. At this position the

canal gives rise to an anteriorly extending tube

that opens by several pores in the Ceylonese

specimens, but by only one or two pores in the

other specimens. Cirri and pore differences are not

correlated with the sizes of the specimens.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Tanzania: Pemba, RU uncataloged (25.8). Mozambique: Bazaruto Island,

RU 237 (39.4, holotype of Laiphognathus multimaculatus); Inhaca Island, RU 1097 (5: 22.8-

31.1), RU 1100 (24.5). Ceylon: Trincomalee, USNM

205857 (6: 14.6-23.7), USNM 205947 (24.0). Gulf

of Thailand: Goh Samet Island, CAS GVF2185 (2:

21.6-21.9), CAS GVF2180 (22.9); Koh Kroi Island,

CAS GVF2183 (21.1); Goh Maprao Island, CAS

GVF2186 (2: 23.2-27.3); Goh Tao Island, CAS

GVF1535 (20.6); Goh Raed Island, CAS GVF2651

(2: both 24.7); Goh Kram Island, CAS SU62088

(3: 13.9-25.7, including one specimen cleared and

stained). Borneo: Palau Gaya, Darvel Bay, USNM

201461 (25.2). Solomon Islands: Florida Island,

USNM 198962 (20.3).

Genus Omobranchus Ehrenberg

Omobranchus Ehrenberg, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836,

p. 287 [first appearance in synonymy, subsequently made

available by Swainson, 1839, p. 274; type-species: O. fasciolatus Ehrenberg, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836, by

monotypy].

Craviceps Fowler, 1903, p. 170 [type-species: Petroscirtes elegatis Steindachner, 1877, by original designation].

Cyneichthys Ogilby, 1910, p. 55 [type-species: Rlennechis

anolius Valenciennes, in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836, by

original designation, in parentheses, and monotypy].

Poroaltkus Fowler, 1931, p. 403 [type-species: P. sewalli

Fowler, 1931, by monotypy].

Pauloscirtes Whitley, 1935, p. 351 [type-species: Petroscirtes

obliquus Garman, 1903, by original designation].

Cruantus ]. L. B. Smith, 1959, p. 234 [type-species: Omobranchus dealmeida J. L. B. Smith, 1949, by original

designation].

DIAGNOSIS.—No cirri on head; dorsal and anal fins

free or attached to caudal fin; frontal bones separate

in adults; 4 or 5 circumorbital bones; no kinethinoid; postcleithra normal; ventral hypural plate

autogenous; 11—14 dorsal fin spines, 12—14 (usually
10

13) pectoral fin rays; nasal bones separate; 7-8 (9

in exceptional individuals) sensory pores in circumorbital series; 3 sensory pores in mandibular

series; 13 sensory pores in supratemporal-preoperculomandibular series; 2-4 interorbital sensory

pores (4 in exceptional specimens only); posterior

nostril present, normal; gill opening restricted to

area above level of sixth from dorsalmost pectoral

fin ray; shortest pelvic fin ray more than half length

of longest.

Some species of Omobranchus have a thin, fleshy

occipital crest, which is absent in all other genera

of the Omobranchini. In those species with a crest,

that of males is relatively larger than that of females.

RELATIONSHIP.—See relationships under Parenchelyurus.

REMARKS.—In the original description, Fowler

(1903) compared Graviceps only with Aspidontus

Quoy and Gaimard (tribe Nemophini). The only

character Fowler gave to distinguish Graviceps was

the presence of a short blunt snout, a character

found in most blenniids, including Omobranchus.

There is some question as to what taxonomic

rank Ogilby (1910) was intending for his new name

Cyneichthys. The type-species, anolius, is referred

to Petroskirtes (sic) in the discussion of the various

species. At the end of the discussion Ogilby presented a key to the subdivisions of Petroscirtes

(sic). Two type fonts are used for the scientific

names in the key: caps and small caps and italics

in parentheses. The italicized names appear in key

couplets under the names in caps and small caps

and are obviously meant to be subdivisions within

these names. "Cyneichthys; nom nov." appears in

italics and in parentheses in a key couplet under

Petroskirtes, in caps and small caps. All the names

listed by Ogilby must be considered as generic

group names. Of these, only Enchelyurus and

Cyneichthys are referable to the Omobranchini.

The characters Ogilby used to distinguish Cyneichthys were the presence of a fleshy occipital crest and

some filamentous soft dorsal fin rays. A crest is

present in several species of Omobranchus, but

filamentous soft dorsal rays appear to be restricted

to O. anolius. Other species of Omobranchus, particularly males, may have the tips of the dorsal rays

extending slightly beyond the margin of the interradial membrane, and males of one species have

the dorsal fin spines filamentous. I do not consider

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

that the filamentous dorsal rays of O. anolius merit

generic recognition.

In the original description Poroalticus was described by Fowler from the Caribbean and compared only with Blennius Linnaeus and Hypleurochilus Gill (both tribe Blenniini). Fowler did not

recognize that his type-species, P. sewalli, was the

same as the Indo-West Pacific species O. punctatus

(see Springer, 1963, where the species is referred to

as O. japonicus).

In the original description Pauloscirtes was compared with Omobranchus, Graviceps, and Cyneichthys (and some genera of the Nemophini). It was

differentiated from Omobranchus in supposedly

having larger canines, but no indication was given

as to the actual size of the canines or what species

of Omobranchus were being used for comparison.

The relative size of the canines is quite variable

in Omobranchus species and I do not consider this

character alone as sufficient for generic recognition.

Graviceps supposedly had about 30 teeth in each

jaw as opposed to 18 in Pauloscirtes. My counts

indicate that the teeth range from 17 to 28 in each

jaw (depending on standard length) in the typespecies of Graviceps, so the difference reported

by Whitley probably is not valid. Although number

of jaw teeth are of specific or generic importance

in some genera of Omobranchini (see Figures 2

and 3), characters other than slight differences in

number of teeth are distinctive of these genera. The

type-species of Pauloscirtes shows no such important

differences when compared with other Omobranchus. The crest and filamentous rays of

Cyneichthys were used as the basis for distinguishing that genus from Pauloscirtes. The characters

of Cyneichthys have been discussed above.

In the original description Cruantus was compared with Omobranchus, from which it presumably differed in having a sloping snout and the

gill opening extending to below the upper edge

of the pectoral fin base. Snout shape is variable in

Omobranchus, as is depth of the gill opening,

which may be slightly greater in the type-species

of Cruantus than in other species of Omobranchus.

The type-species of Cruantus, C. dealmeida (and

its senior synonyms), does differ from all other

species of Omobranchus that I have examined in

having 4 circumorbital bones rather than 5. This

difference and that of the gill opening depth may
NUMBER 130 11

merit subgeneric recognition when the genus is

revised.

Omobranchus is the most speciose genus of the

Omobranchini. I estimate that there are 15—20

species in the genus. The species are all IndoWest Pacific in distribution, except that one species,

O. punctatus (Valenciennes), has a disjunct distribution that includes the Caribbean, probably as

the result of man's activity. No other species of

fish is known to have a similar distribution.

Omox, new genus

DIAGNOSIS.—No cirri on head; dorsal and anal

fins not attached to caudal fin; frontal bones

separate in adults; 4 circumorbital bones, kinethmoid present; postcleithra normal; ventral hypural

plate autogenous; 12 dorsal fin spines; 13 pectoral

fin rays; nasal bones separate; 8 (rarely 7 unilaterally) sensory pores in circumorbital series; 3 sensory

pores in mandibular series; 13 sensory pores in

supratemporal-preoperculo-mandibular series; 4

(rarely 3) interorbital sensory pores; posterior

nostril present, normal; gill opening extending

ventrally to opposite level of 8th to 11th from

dorsalmost pectoral fin ray; shortest pelvic fin ray

more than half length of longest.

RELATIONSHIPS.—Omox appears to be most similar

to Omobranchus but differs from that genus primarily in the number and distribution of its

sensory pores, larger gill opening, and presence of

a kinethmoid. In these characters it most closely

resembles Haptogenys but differs from that genus

in having the nasal bones relatively tubelike and

completely separate and in having terminal jaws.

Mature males of Omox have some of the caudal

fin rays much elongated, a condition known only

for Omox and some species of Omobranchus among

the Omobranchini.

ETYMOLOGY.—The name Omox is an arbitrary

combination of letters; gender masculine.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Omox biporos, new species.

Omox biporos, new species

FIGURES 13, 14

HOLOTYPE.-CAS 13520, male, 36.9 mm SL, shore

of southeast bay of Goh Mak Island, southwest of

Trat Bay, east coast of Gulf of Thailand, lat.

11°48'15" N, 102°29W E; collected fay H.A.

Fehlmann, et al., 30 October 1957.

PARATYPES.-CAS 13657, 2 specimens, 32.0-35.4

mm SL, and CAS 13656, 37.0 mm SL, cleared and

stained, all three with same data as holotype;

USNM 205698, 2 specimens, 30.6-45.8 mm SL,

Madang Harbor, New Guinea, mangroves behind

Nui Island; CAS 13521, 23.4 mm SL, Garayamo

Island, Palau Islands.

DESCRIPTION (characters for holotype in parentheses).-Dorsal fin XII, 15-17 (16); anal fin II,

17-19 (19); pectoral fins 13; pelvic fins I, 2; caudal

fin (dorsal procurrent rays-segmented rays-ventral

procurrent rays) 5 to 6—13-5 to 6 (6—13-6);

vertebrae 10+ 24-26 (25); pleural ribs on vertebrae 3—10; epipleural ribs on vertebrae 1—12 or 13

(13); upper jaw teeth I-20-I to I-25-I (I-22-I);

lower jaw teeth I-19-I to I-26-I (I-22-I).

Dorsal fin origin slightly in advance of level of

gill opening, notched slightly above last one or two

spines; tips of caudal fin rays and posterior dorsal

fin rays filamentous in mature males only; lateral

line absent on body; midpredorsal supratemporal

pore present in only one of seven available specimens. (For other characters see generic diagnosis

above.)

PRESERVED COLOR PATTERN.—Ma les: Pattern variable; in specimens with most-developed pattern, 11

dark, vertical bands present on body separated by

broader, paler interspaces; bands darker at midlevel; head with three or four dusky bands separated

by paler interspaces; dorsal and anal fins generally

dusky; dark spot or two or three dusky stripes

present at anterior end of dorsal fin; tips of anal

rays pale (swollen in mature males); caudal fin

dusky centrally; dark mark basally on pectoral fin

separated by pale area from dusky fleshy pectoral

fin base; pelvic fins dusky. In males with leastdeveloped pattern the bands of the head and body

are fewer in number and appear only as dark spots

midlaterally on the body. Females: Similar to

males, but dusky bands on body as broad or broader

than pale interspaces; bands more distinctly developed than in males; no distinct marks on dorsal,

pectoral, and caudal fins.

ETYMOLOGY.—An adjective derived from the Latin

bi and the Greek poros, meaning two-holed, in

reference to the two sensory pores that appear, one

on each side, just anterior to the dorsal fin origin.
12

Parenchelyurus, new genus

DIAGNOSIS.—No cirri on head; dorsal and anal

fins not attached to caudal fin; frontal bones separate in adults; 3—4 circumorbital bones; no kinethmoid; postcleithra normal; ventral hypural plate

autogenous; 11-13 dorsal fin spines; 13 (rarely 14)

pectoral fin rays; nasal bones separate; 6-8 (usually

7) sensory pores in circumorbital series; 3 sensory

pores in mandibular series; 11—12 pores in supratemporal-preoperulomandibular series; 3 interorbital sensory pores; posterior nostril present,

normal; gill opening restricted to area above level

of fifth from dorsalmost pectoral fin ray; shortest

pelvic fin ray more than half length of longest.

RELATIONSHIP.—Parenchelyurus is most similar to

OmobrancJnis (and vice versa), although one of

the two species, P. hepburni, has been repeatedly

referred to Enchelyurus, probably because of its

overall dark color and small size. The other species,

P. hyena, was placed in Graviceps (=Omobranchus)

by Whitley (1953). Parenchelyurus differs from

Omobranchus primarily in having one external

pore at the anterior end of the dentary as opposed

to two pores in Omobranchus. The single-pored

condition is found also in Enchelyurus and

Haptogenys, but these genera exhibit many characters not found in Parenchelyurus. Parenchelyurus

has three or four circumorbital bones, and thus

differs from all but one species of Omobranchus—

O. kranjiensis (Herre), which has four circumorbital bones.

ETYMOLOGY.—Derived from the Greek par

meaning near to, and Enchelyurus, a genus of

Omobranchini; gender masculine.

TYPE-SPECIES. — Enchelyurus hepburni Snyder,

1908.

Parenchelyurus hepburni (Snyder)

FIGURE 15

Enchelyurus hepburni Snyder, 1908, p. 110 [Okinawa, USNM

62247].

THypleurochilus samoensis Seale, 1935, p. 374 [Pago Pago,

Samoa; CAS 5515].

Enchelyurus caeruleopunctatus Herre, 1939, p. 340 [Nasugbu,

Batangas Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands, CAS SU

33023].

REMARKS.—In the original description, Enchelyurus caeruleopunctatus was compared only with

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Enchelyurus flavipes, which is a true Enchelyurus.

The holotype of E. caeruleopunctatus is a male P.

hepburni. In P. hepburni, spotting on the body

and fins is found only in males. The spots, which

are blue in life, fade rapidly in preservation and

frequently are completely lost.

The types of Hypleurochilus samoensis are both

postlarvae, as indicated by the fact that each has a

spine at the lower angle of the preopercle. Based

on fin formulae they could possibly be a species of

Omobranchus. The pores, which might give a clue,

are obscured, but the only Omobranchini so far

known from Samoa are Parenchelyurus hepburni

and Enchelyurus ater. The dorsal fin spine count

of XII and pectoral fin ray count of 13 in both the

holotype and paratype of H. samoensis exclude

their identification with Enchelyurus, but not

Parenchelyurus.

A specimen of P. hepburni as small as 11.0 mm

SL did not bear the strong preopercular spines as

found in the postlarval types of H. samoensis,

12.3-12.6 mm SL. This may indicate that there is

a reduction in SL at the time of transformation.

Unmetamorphosed postlarvae of the salariinine

genus Ophioblennius Gill frequently are larger

than metamorphosed individuals (Springer, 1962).

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Okinawa: CAS SU21112

(2: 21.9-30.7); Naha, USNM 74554 (3: 21.0-32.1),

USNM 62247 (34.9, holotype of Enchelyurus hepburni). Philippine Islands: Oriental Negros, Nagbak, CAS GVF1618 (28.2); Oriental Negros,

Duamaguete, CAS SU38220 (35.8); Batangas,

Nasugbu, CAS SU33O23 (30.5, holotype of Enchelyurus caeruleopunctatus), CAS SU33024 (27.5);

Oriental Negros, Siaton, CAS GVF2671 (3: 11.0—

24.8). Gulf of Thailand: Hinson Chalam, CAS

GVF1466 (2: 29.5-30.8), CAS SU6295 (32.5); Goh

Samet Island, CAS GVF1572 (23.6), lat. 08°26'06"

N, 100°45'06" E, CAS GVF2O37 (7: 23.4-32.0).

Marshall Islands: Eniwetok, USNM 204931 (24.2).

Caroline Islands: Ponape, USNM 65883 (28.3).

New Hebrides: AMS 1.14320 (2: 29.6-32.0); Wala

Island, CAS SU24068 (27.7). Australia: Great Barrier Reef, One Tree Island, USNM 204083 (31.0),

USNM 204081 (5: 0-33.5, including one specimen

cleared and stained). Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal, BPBM 8143 (16.3), BPBM 8144 (3: 24.7-

28.8). Fiji Islands: Makalawa, BPBM 8145 (7:

21.6-32.7). Samoa: Apia, USNM 164989 (23.6),

USNM 164990 (25.7); Pago Pago, CAS 5515 and
NUMBER 130 13

CAS 5516 (2: 12.3-12.6, includes holotype of

Hypleurochilus samoensis; holotype and paratype

in same bottle, not separated).1

Parenchelyurus hyena (Whitley)

FIGURE 16

Graviceps punctatus hyena Whitley, 1953, p. 137 [Palm Islands, Queensland: FBQ 1957].

1

 While this paper was in press I received one specimen of

P. hepburni (USNM 207864) collected at the island of Mauritius by Dr. T. H. Frascr. This specimen represents the

first record of the species from the Indian Ocean.

I have not seen the holotype of G. p. hyena, but

the illustration and description given by Whitley

are sufficient for recognition of the species. The

species is apparently rare in museum collections

but of widespread distribution (Figure 3). The

series of dark blotches on the head behind the eye,

continuing on the body, is diagnostic of the species.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Philippine Islands: Canino

Island (near Daet), USNM 99373 (30;0). New

Guinea: Port Moresby, USNM 205700 (31.5).

Australia: Great Barrier Reef, Little Hope Island,

ANSP 109702 (3: 24.3-32.4), including one specimen cleared and stained).

List of Nominal Species, Tribe Omobranchini

Listed below arc the nominal species, and subspecies, of the tribe Omobranchini. Included are

the identification that I currently recognize for each species, the basis for the identification

(A = holotype, lectotype, or syntypes seen; B—literature or other information), and the

depository of the primary types (holotype, lectotype, or syntypes). Where "cotypes" are listed

no other type material is known to me, and it is not known whether the cotypes represent

syntypes or paratypes. The notation "coytypes" is usually found only in the bottle containing

the specimens and is not found in the original description where the number of specimens

is not indicated. The catalog numbers for the primary type material are given if known.

Omobranchus is treated here on the basis of work in progress. Some species are listed merely

as nominal species, others are placed in synonymy based on unpublished data.

Species, author, and reference

Graviceps alexanderi Whitley, 1945, p. 33

Petroscirtes altivelis Steindachner, 1863, p. 1191

Enchelyurus analis H. M. Smith, 1934, p. 318

Graviceps angelus Whitley, 1959, p. 320

Pertoscirtes anolis Giinther, 1861, p. 238

[misspelling of anolius]

Blennechis anolius Valenciennes, in Cuvier and

Valenciennes, 1836, p. 288

Petroscirtes ater Gunther, 1877, p. 199

Blennius auro-splendidus Richardson, 1846, p. 265

Omobranchus banditusj. L. B. Smith, 1959, p. 232

Petroscirtes bhattacharyae Chaudhuri, 1916, p. 107

Omox biporos Springer

Petroscirtes bipunctatus Day, 1878, p. 327

Aspidontus brunneolus Jenkins, 1903, p. 510

Enchelyurus caeruleo-punctatus Herre, 1939, p. 340

Omobranchus cristatus Fraser-Brunner, 1951, p. 214

Petroscirtes cristiceps Macleay, 1881, p. 9

Graviceps darwini Whitley, 1958, p. 47

Aspidontus dasson Jordan and Snyder.1902, p. 456

Omobranchus dealmeidaj. L. B. Smith, 1949,

p. 104

Salarias decipiens DeVis, 1884b, p. 694

Petroscirtes dispar Gunther, 1861, p. 232

Current identification

Omobranchus alexanderi

Omobranchus anolius

Enchelyurus kraussi

Omobranchus angelus

Omobranchus anolius

Omobranchus anolius

Enchelyurus ater

Omobranchus aurosplendidus

Omobranchus banditus

Omobranchus bhattacharyae

Omox biporos

Omobranchus bipunctatus

Enchelyurus brunneolus

Parenchelyurus hepburni

Omobranchus cristatus

Omobranchus anolius

Omobranchus darwini

Omobranchus punctatus

Omobranchus kranjiensis

Omobranchus decipiens

Omobranchus punctatus

Omobranchus fasciolatoceps

Basis

Depositories and catalog

numbers of primary types

B WAM P.671

A NMV 71774 (3 syntypes)

B KUMF 0175

A AMS IB3995

A

A

B

B

B

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

MNHN A-1832

BMNH 1873.8.1.35

Type lost

RU 232

ZSI F8764/1

CAS 13520

Type lost

USNM 50718

CAS SU33023

BMNH 1954.4.26.68

AMS MM1O37 (4 "cotypes")

AMS IA4298

CAS SU7O7O (2 syntypes)

RU 233

QMB 11352

BMNH 1860.7.20.99-100 (2

syntypes representing 2

species, for both of which

there are older names)
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Depositories and catalog

Species, author, and reference

Petroscirtes dispar Fowler, 1937, p. 258 [junior

primary homonym of Petroscirtes dispar

Gunther]

Enchelyurus edmonsoni Fowler, 1923, p. 389

Petroscirtes elegans Steindachner, 1876, p. 217

Petroscirtes elongatus W. Peters, 1855a, p. 249;

1855b, p. 440

Blennius fasciolatoceps Richardson, 1846, p. 265

Blennechis fasciolatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier

and Valenciennes, 1836, p. 287

Petroscirtes fasciolatus Macleay, 1881, p. 8

[secondary junior homonym of O. fasciolatus

(Valenciennes)]

Petroscirtes feliciana Herre, 1942, p. 112

Petroscirtes ferox Herre, 1927, p. 277

Enchelyurus flavipes W. Peters, 1868, p. 268

Enchelyurus flavipes var. nigerrima Weber,

1913, p. 545

Salarias furcatus DeVis, 1884b, p. 696

Salarias furtivus DeVis, 1886, p. 60

Salarias galeatus DeVis, 1884a, p. 147

Petroscirtes germaini Sauvage, 1883, p. 158

Petroscirtes gultatus Macleay, 1881, p. 9

Salarias helenae DeVis, 1884b, p. 697

Enchelyurus hepburni Snyder, 1908, p. 110

Chasmodes herklotsi Herre, 1935, p. 228

Petroskirtes japonicus Bleeker, 1869, p. 246

Omobranchus japonicus scalatus J. L. B. Smith,

1959, p. 232

Petroskirtes kallosoma Bleeker, 1858, p. 227

Petroscirtes kochi Weber, 1908, p. 263

Petroscirtes kranjiensis Herre, 1940, p. 25

Petroscirtes kraussi Klunzinger, 1871, p. 497

Petroscirtes lineolatus Kner, 1868a, p. 29; 1868b,

p. 331

Petroscirtes lineo-punctatus Sauvage, 1880, p. 216

Petroscirtes lini Herre, 1934, p. 292

Hypleurochilus loxias Jordan and Seale, 1905, p. 802

Petroscirtes loxozonus Jordan and Starks, 1906, p.

705

Petroscirtes macleayi Ogilby, 1887, p. 38 [replacement name for Petroscirtes fasciolatus Macleay]

Petroscirtes masyae H. M. Smith, 1934, p. 316

Petroscirtes mekranensis Regan, 1905, p. 328

I.aiphognathus multimaculatus, J. L. B. Smith,

1955, p. 24

Petroscirtes obliquus Garman, 1903, p. 237

Blennius pardnlis Castelnau, 1875, p. 26

[possibly belongs in the Blenniini]

Petroscirtes petersi Kossmann and Rauber, 1877,

p. 21

Blennechis punctatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier

and Valenciennes, 1836, p. 286

Graxnceps punctatus hyena Whitley, 1953; p. 137

Haptogenys quadripora Springer

Cuirent identification

Omobranchus sp.

Enchelyurus brunneolus

Omobranchus elegans

Omobranchus elongatus

Omobranchus fasciolatoceps

Omobranchus fasciolatus

Basis

A

A

B

A

B

B

numbers of primary

ANSP 68255

BPBM 3401

Type lost

ZMB 1940 (2 syntypes)

Type lost

Type lost

Omobranchus macleayi

Omobranchus kranjiensis

Omobranchus ferox

Enchelyurus flavipes

Enchelyurus flavipes

Omobranchus furcatus

Omobranchus spp.

Omobranchus anolius

Omobranchus germaini

Omobranchus anolius

Omobranchus punctatus

Parenchelyurus hepburni

Omobranchus fasciolatoceps

Omobranchus punclatu.s?

Omobranchus punctatus

Omobranchus kallosoma

Omobranchus punctatus

Omobranchus kranjiensis

Enchelyurus kraussi

Omobranchus lineolatus

Omobranchus elegans

Omobranchus aurosplendidus

Omobranchus loxias

Omobranchus loxozonus

Omobranhcus macleayi

Omobranchus punctatus B

Omobranchus mekranensis A

Laiphognathus multimaculatus A

Omobranchus obliquus B

'Omobranchus B

Enchelyurus petersi B

Omobranchus punctatus A

Parenchelyurus hyena B

Haptogenys quadripora A

AMS MM1038 (10 "cotypes")

A

B

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

A

A

A

A

B

A

A

A

A

CAS SU36671

Type lost

/MB 5193 (2 syntypes)

RMNII 20813

QMB 1114

AMS 1383-384 (5 "cotypes"

representing two species)

AMS 1470 ("retype")

MNHN A4891

AMS MM 1037 (2 syntypes)

AMS 112694 and MMI136)

(2 "cotypes")

ISNM 62247

CAS SU3O97O

Type lost

RU 239

RMXH 4452

ZMA 109.102 (2 syntypes)

CAS SU 33007

ZMB 8029 (lectotype)

Type lost

MNHN 5120

CAS SU29088

ISNM 51952

ISNM 53275

KUMF 0176

BMNH 1904.5.25.94

RU 237

MCZ 28297

Type lost

Type lost

MNHN 716

FBQ 1957

USNM 119658
NUMBER 130 15

Species, author, and reference

Petroscirtes rotundiceps Macleay, 1881, p. 9

Hypleurochilus samoensis Sealc, 1935, p. 374

Petroscirtes semilineatus Kner, 1868b, p. 333

Poroalticus sewalli Fowler, 1931, p. 403

Salarias sindensis Day, 1888, p. 263

Petroscirtes strialns Jatzow and Lenz, 1898, p.

512 [junior primary homonym of Petroscirtes

striatus Day (Nemophini)]

Petroscirtes uekii Katayama, 1941, p. 591

Blennius unicornis Castelnau, 1879, p. 384

Hypleurochilus vaillanti Jordan and Seale, 1906,

p. 420

Petroscirles vinciguerrae Borsieri, 1904, p. 211

Petroscirtes waterousi Hcrre, 1942, p. 112

Petroscirtes u'ilsoni Macleay, 1885, p. 171

Aspidontus woodi Gilchrist and Thompson,

1908, p. 105

Petroscirtes zebra Bleekcr, 1868, p. 279

Current identification

Depositories and catalog

Basis numbers of primary types

Omobranchus rotundiceps

fParenclielyurus hepburni

Omobranchus punctatus

Omobranchus punctatus

Omobranchus punctatus

Omobranchus

A

A

A

A

A

B

AMS MM1041

CAS 5515

XMV 12561

ANSP 53318

BMNH 1889.2.1.3616-18 (3

syntypes)

Type lost

Omobranchus fasciolatoceps

Omobranchus anolius

Enchelyurus ater

Omobranchus vinciguerrae

Omobranchus kranjiensis

Omobranchus anolius

Omobranchus woodi

Omobranchus zebra

B Unable to locate

B Type lost

A USNM 51788

B MSNG 32051

A CAS SU36673

A AMS MM1O37A

A SAM 9898

A RMNH 4454

Acknowledgments

I extend my appreciation to the following colleagues for providing loans of, or information on,

specimens under their care: C. L. Smith, AMNH;

J. Paxton, AMS; J. C. Tyler, ANSP; A. C. Wheeler,

BMNH; J. E. Randall, BPBM; W. Eschmeyer,

W. C. Freihofer, and P. Sonoda, CAS; I. Mydansky,

HUJ; M. L. Bauchot, MNHN; W. Klausewitz,

NFIS; P. Kahsbauer, NMV; M. Boeseman, RMNH;

T. H. Fraser, RU; L. Fishelson, UTAI; H. Nijssen,

ZMA; C. Karrer, ZMB; and W. Ladiges, ZSZM.

R. H. Goodyear, USNM, performed the computer

analyses and prepared Figures 2 and 3. E. N.

Gramblin and S. J. Karnella, USNM, rendered

valuable curatorial assistance.

A draft of the manuscript was read and improved

by B. B. Collette, National Marine Fisheries

Service, R. H. Gibbs, Jr., Division of Fishes, USNM,

and W. F. Smith-Vaniz, University of Miami,

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric

Sciences.

Financial support for fieldwork associated with

my study was derived from a Smithsonian Institution foreign currency grant (SFC-7-0062 (2)), Dr.

VV. Aron and the late Dr. H. Steinitz, principal

investigators.

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Family Blenniidae. United States National Museum Bulletin 284:1-85.

Springer, V. G., and W. F. Smith-Vaniz

1972. A New Tribe (Phenablenniini) and Genus (Phenablennius) of Blenniid Fishes Based on Petroscirtes

heyligeri Bleeker. Copeia, 1972(1);64-71.

Steindachner, F.

1863. Ichthyologische Mittheilungen (VI). Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in

Wien, 13:1189-1192.

1876. Ichthyologische BeitrSge (V). Sitzungsberichte der

Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien,

74 (l-2,l):49-240.

Strasburg, D. W.

1956. Notes on the Blennioid Fishes of Hawaii with Descriptions of Two New Species. Pacific Science,

10(3):241-267.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Swainson, W.

1839. The Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians, and

Reptiles ... . Volume 2, 452 pages. London.

Weber, M.

1908. Siisswasserfische von Neu-Guinea; ein Beitrag zur

Frage nach dem friiheren Zusammenhang von NeuGuinea und Australien. Pages 201-267 in Nova

Guinea. Rdsultats de Vexpidition scientifique

Nierlandaise a la Nouvelle-Guinee en 1903 sous

les auspices de Arthur Wichmann, volume 5 (zoology), part 2.

1913. Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expedidition Report, 57:1-710.

Whitley, G. P.

1935. Fishes from Princess Charlotte Bay, North Queensland. Records of the South Australian Museum,

5 (3):345-365.

1945. New Sharks and Fishes from Western Australia.

Part 2. Australian Zoologist, 11 (1): 1-45.

1953. Studies in Ichthyology No. 16. Records of the

Australian Museum, 23(3) :133-138.

1958. Descriptions and Records of Fishes. Proceedings

of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales,

1956-1957:28-51.

1959. Ichthyological Snippets. Australian Zoologist, 12

(4):310-323.
NUMBER 130

19

TABLE 1.—Frequency distributions for dorsal and anal fin ray elements in the tribe

Omobranchini (except Omobranchus).

Genus and Species

Enchelyurus

krausai

Gulf of Aqaba

Egypt

Sudan

Gulf of Aden

Seychelles

Aldabra

Mentauei Islands

Taiwan

S. China Sea

Philippines

Saipan

Ouaa

Teamhu Island

New Guinea

E. Australia

ater

New Caledonia

FIJI

Tonga

Sasioa

Maiao

Tahiti

Raroia

Rapa

brunneolus

Hawaiian Islands

petre l

N. Had Sea

flaTipes

Singapore

Philippines

Makassar

Haptogenra

quadrlpora

Iaichoenathus

•nltioaculatus

Tansania

Mozambique

Ceylon

Thailand

Borneo

Soloaon Islands

Oaox

biporoa

Thailand

New Guinea

Palau

Parenchelyurua

hjroa

hepbumi

Dorsal Fin Spines

6

1

1

1

7

5

1

1

1

2

1

2

1

3

1

8

25

14

S

1

1

1

7

1

4

3

2

19

2

27

1

1

2

1

2

1

9

1

4

2

1

1

1

35

4

7

20

2

9

to

3

1

95

13

3

11

1

6

7

35

1

1

46

12

1

1

1

1

4

2

1

4

3

13

1

Dorsal Fin Rays

15

1

16

3

2

17

1

1

16

1

16

3

24

19

1

4

22

2

22

20

14

1

2

31

1

4

3

1

1

2

21

1

8

2

1

1

25

4

6

12

64

3

1

22

1

1

2

3

1

4

2

2

17

1

2

14

6

1

7

23

5

1

1

1

4

1

1

1

1

1

18

2

1

1

2

24

1

1

3

3

2

8

1

25

3

17

5

1

26

7

10

27

1

Total Dorsal Fin Elements

27

1

28

1

29

1

2

2

6

1

1

11

1

2

16

3

2

21

30

5

3

1

1

2

1

4

2

1

2

20

2

19

1

1

19

4

6

12

39

1

3

23

1

2

25

31

1

7

t

1

17

1

9

6

1

64

1

3

4

1

3

2

32

t

1

1

3

3

17

3

1

4

1

33

2

7

12

1

34

8

1

35

3

Total

19

1

20

1

1

3

5

2

1

1

17

1

4

5

1

1

1

3

A M

21

6

1

1

3

4

1

3

3

1

2

21

1

2

27

21

3

3

10

46

2

9

3

1

17

a Fin

22

1

6

1

8

1

6

2

55

19

4

1

2

29

4

27

23

1

2

2

4

9

1

1

5

1

2

Elements

24

3

3

1

5

1

1

25

8

1

26

2
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 2.—Frequency distributions for vertebrae and pectoral fin rays in the tribe

Omobranchini (except Omobranchus).

Genus and Species

Bnchalntrus

kraussi

Golf of Aqaba

Egypt

Sudan

Gulf of idea

Seychelles

Aldabra

Mentavailalandi

Tainan

S. China Sea

Philippines

Saipan

Guam

Tosahn Island

Hew Guinea

X. Australia

ater

Hew Caledonia

Fiji

Tonga

S u u

Nalao

Tahiti

Raroia

Bapa

orunnoolus

Hawaitsn Islands

psterai

H. Bad Sea

flaTipes

Singapore

Philippines

Makassar

HmritiiiMiiM

ouadripora

iAinhocnathis

•ultlaaculatus

Twnwnlai

Mosaafaiqas

Ceylon

Thailand

Borneo

Soloaon Islands

Osra

biporos

Thailand

Hew Oil nee

Palau

Parenchelrunis

hjena

henbuml

Precaudal Vertebrae

9

1

1

1

2

1

10

7

3

1

1

9

1

1

5

3

1

2

25

1

2

36

2

1

1

35

4

6

19

4

45

13

1

1

7

7

39

1

1

4

2

1

5

41

11

1

2

2

23

15

1

1

12

2

Caudal Vertebrae

23

3

3

1

1

6

2

1

7

1

1

2

24

3

2

1

1

1

1

3

2

1

1

20

1

2

20

1

31

3

5

12

5

2

1

2

25

1

1

9

1

14

1

6

1

31

3

1

2

3

25

26

_

1

2

13

22

9

3

26

1

1

16

27

1

1

3

1

1

4

11

3

28

3

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

29

7

4

30

3

33

3

4

1

1

7

2

1

9

1

1

2

34

3

2

1

1

2

1

2

2

1

1

19

1

2

20

1

28

3

5

12

4

2

1

2

rotal Vertebrae

35

1

1

8

1

14

1

1

5

1

32

2

3

24

36

1

2

12

3

1

3

26

1

1

17

37

1

1

1

20

9

1

4

11

3

38

3

2

3

1

1

1

2

1

1

1

39

7

2

4

40

3

Pectoral Pin Rays

12

2

13

2

1

1

50

7

5

43

14

5

10

80

-

1

2

15

60

71

7

2

16

12

11

36

17

2

1
NUMBER 130 21

TABLE 3.—Frequency distributions for number of lateral line tubes and posterior

extent of tubes relative to dorsal fin elements in the tribe Omobranchini (except

Omobranchus).

Genus and apeoiea

IncheJjurua

krauaai

ater

brunneolua

peterai

flaTipaa

Haptoganrs

ouadrlpora

Laiphomathua

•ultiaaculatus

am

blporoa

Parenchelyurus

hyena

hapburnl

0

1

1

7

5

1

11

2

10

Lateral Una

3

1

1

5

8

5

4

-

-

2

1

6

6

5

9

4

7

5

7

5

17

tubes

6

30

26

31

8

12

7

45

31

16

11

-

8

12

7

2

7

1

9

1

-

10

1

Lateral line extends to below dorsal fin element

0

1

1

7

5

1

1

2

9 9

1

4

5

4

2

2

2

1

7

5

1

-

5

2

2

5

3

2

1

5

2

8

7

11

18

7

11

10

27

12

21

12

4

11

40

35

15

7

5

12

9

5

1

13

1

1

TABLE 4.—Frequency distributions for ventral extent of gill opening relative to

level of pectoral fin rays (counting dorsally to ventrally; 0, gill opening restricted

above pectoral fin base; 18, ventral to pectoral fin base) in the tribe Omobranchini

(except Omobranchus).

Genus and Species

Enchalyurua

krauaai

ater

brunnaolua

patersi

flATipea

Haptogenra

Qoadripora,

Laiphoanathae

anltismculatua

Oaox

biporoa

Parenehelrurua

hyena

bepburni

0

1

26

2

27

1

-

3

-

13

2

1

1

2

1

2

3

5

4

2

1

4

20

12

1

Ventral Extent

5

22

2

17

6

15

5

21

7

13

20

7

8

12

33

6

3

of Gill Opening

9

6

12

1

-

10

2

1

-

2

11

1

1

1

2

12

-

13

1

1

14

5

15

3

16

1

2

17

1

1

18

1

36
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 5.—Relationship of number of upper and lower jaw teeth to standard

length in certain species of Omobranchini. See also Figures 3 and 4.

Genus and Species

Knchelyurus kraussi

Knchelyurus ater

Enchelyurus brunneolus

Encheljrurus petersi

Enchelyurus flavipes

LaiphoRnathus multiraaculatus

Onox blporoa

Parenchelyurus hyena

Parenchelyurus hepburni

y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Regression equation

Upper teeth vs SL

- .3488 x + 17.1307

= .3411 x + 18.1132

= .3773 X + 17.7815

- .3047 X + 17.0499

- .2286 X + 19.2892

= .2210 X + 12.6195

= .1898 X + 15.3212

= .2890 X + 11.4006

= .4125 X + 8.5054

N

98

49

32

12

37

53

7

5

35

Correlation

coefficient

.75

.80

.82

.95

.76

.70

.78

.88

.83

Regression equation

Lower teeth vs SL

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

= .3674 X + 17.7009

= .3400 X + 19.0225

- .4748 X + 16.2715

- .2233 X + 19.4008

- .2413 X + 19.5453

- .3545 X + 11.3049

- .2771 X + 12.1739

- .iO82 X + 9.9390

= .4869 X + 8.464.6

N

95

48

31

11

36

51

7

5

36

Correlation

coefficient

.78

.77

.87

.84

.82

.77

.86

.92

.82

TABLE 6.—F values for covariance comparisons of

regression equations of upper and lower jaw teeth

in certain species of Omobranchini (*, significant

at 95 percent level; NS, not significant). See Table 5.

Compared Species

K. krsmsl X E. ater

apper teeth

loner teeth

S. kraussi X E. brunnsolus

app*r teeth

lover teeth

K. ater X B. fanmneolns

•pper teeth

lover teeth

S. petersi X E. flaTipee

upper teeth

loner teeth

P. heptmnd X P. hyena

upper teeth

l o w teeth

F wines

slopes

.02 IB

.26 K

.13 MS

1.96 MS

.29 IB

3.W) MS

1.76 NS

.11 NS

.53 NS

.15 MS

Degrees of

freedom

1/1*3

1/139

1/126

1/122

1/77

1/75

1/45

1/*3

1/36

1/37

P values

heights

7.33*

4.21*

17.17*

15.82*

4.22*

4.18*

3.6»MS

4.33*

1.68 NS

1.68 NS

Degrees of

freedom

1/144

1/1*0

1/127

1/123

1/78

1/76

1/*6

1/44

1/37

1/38
NUMBER 130 23

E. tlovlpci

L. multimocalatu*

Standard Length mm

FIGURE 2.—Regression lines for number of upper jaw incisor teeth versus standard length for

species of Enchelyurus (E.), Haptogenys (H.), Laiphognathus (L.), Omox (O.), and Parenchelyurus (P.). See also Tables 5 and 6.

55

L. multimaculatu*

H. quadripora

Standard Length mm

FIGURE 3.—Regression lines for number of lower jaw incisor teeth versus standard length for

species of Enchelyurus (E.), Haptogenys (H.), Laiphognathus (L.), Omox (O.), and Parenchelyurus (P.). See also Tables 5 and 6.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 130 25
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 6.—Enchelyurus ater, CAS 24691, male, 41.2 mm SL, New Caledonia.

a, Lateral view; b, underside of head. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)

Oy/y///

•*•••"

a

FICURE 7.—Enchelyurus brunneolus, CAS GVF station 33, male, 30.2 ram SL,

Hawaiian Islands, a, Lateral view; b, underside of head. (Drawn by J. R.

Schroeder.)

a
NUMBER 130 27

a

FIGURE 8.-Enchelyurus flaxnpes, CAS SU30660, Singapore, a, b, Male, 50.6 ram SL: a, lateral

view; b, enlarged view of tips of anal fin rays, c, Female, enlarged ventral view of anus and

genital papilla. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)
FICURE 9.—Enchelyurus kraussi, USNM 201851, male, 41.0 mm SL, Great Barrier Reef. (Drawn

by S. L. Collum.)

FICURE 10.—Enchelyurus petersi, USNM 204540, male, 48.0 mm SL, Gulf of Aqaba. (Drawn by

K. H. Moore.)

FIGURE W.—Haptogenys quadripora, USNM 119658, holotype, male, 61.6 mm

SL, Gulf of Thailand, a, Lateral view; b, enlarged view of underside of head.

(Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)
NUMBER ISO 29

d

"•-:•-

4 S^

FIGURE 12.—Laiphognathus multimaculatus, CAS GVF2186, Gulf of Thailand, a-d, Male, 27.S

mm SL: n, lateral view; b, enlarged view of nasal cirri; c, enlarged view of labial flap; d, ventral

view of head and venter, e, Female, view of anus and genital region. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13.—Omox biporos, CAS 13520, holotype, male, 36.9 mm SL, Gulf of Thailand. Trifurcate caudal ray is aberrant. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)

FIGURE 14.—Omox biporos, USNM 205698, female, 30.6 mm SL, New Guinea. (Drawn by J. R.

Schroeder.)
NUMBER 130

31

FIGURE 15.—Parenchelyurus hepbumi, AMS 1.14320, male, 29.6 mm SL, New Hebrides. (Drawn

by J. R. Schroeder.)

• - -• i ' V ,"

• ' : - . -

FIGURE 16.—Parenchelyurus hyena, ANSP 109702, female, 32.4 mm SL, Great Barrier Reef.

Right pelvic fin is illustrated instead of damaged left pelvic fin. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)

•Ct U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1972 484-3*2/3 3

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