UNITED STA TES ENVIRONMENT AL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

Of-TICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND 

POLLUTION PREVENTION 

MEMORANDUM 

DA TE: December 21 , 20 15 

SUBJECT: Tetrachlorvinphos: Occupational and Residential Exposure Assessment for 

Registration Review 

PC Code: 08370 I , 083702 

Petition No.: NA 

DP Barcode: D426984 

Registration Nos.: NA 

Risk Assessment Type: Regulatory Action: Registration Review 

Occupational/Residential Exposure Assessment 

TXR No.: NA Case No.: NA 

MRID No.: 42622301 CAS No.: 22248-79-9 

FROM: Wade Britton, MPH, Environmental Health Scientist 

Risk Assessment Branch V (RABY) 

Health Effects Division (HED; 7509P) 

Office of Pesticide Programs 

THROUGH: 

RABY 

Michael 

and 

Metzger, 

RABVII/HED 

Chief 

(7509P) 

~ ~~ 

Cassi 

And 

Walls, Reviewer ~ ~ 

~ 

-f1l r 

Zaida Figueroa, Reviewer ,,./;&1;u1 l, // _ Exposure Science Advisory Co~~rtte~ (iExpoSAC) I HED 

TO: Neil Anderson, Branch Chief 

Introduction 

James Parker, Chemical Review Manager 

Risk Management and Implementation Branch I (RMIBI) 

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (PRO; 7508P) 

Office of Pesticide Programs 

As part of Registration Review, the Pesticide-Re-evaluation Division (PRO) of OPP has 

requested that the Health Effects Division (HED) conduct an occupational and residential 

exposure assessment, as needed, to estimate the risk to human health that will result from the 

currently registered uses of tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) in support of registration of review for the 

chemical. A residential exposure assessment for all pet uses of tetrachlorvinphos was previously 

Page 1 of 124 
Page 2 of 124

conducted1in response to a Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) petition for the Agency

to cancel all pet uses of TCVP.

It is HED policy to use the best available data to assess exposure. Several sources of generic 

data were used in this assessment as surrogate data in the absence of chemical-specific data, 

including the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database Version 1.1 (PHED 1.1); the Agricultural 

Handler Exposure Task Force (AHETF) database; the Residential SOPs (Treated Pets); as well 

as a TCVP dust/powder applicator exposure study (MRID 45519601), a TCVP dust and pump 

spray study (MRID 45485501), and an amitraz pet collar residue transfer study (MRID 

49468801). Some of these data are proprietary, and subject to the data protection provisions of 

the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

Data were also used from a literature study using TCVP pet collars, Davis, M. et. al., Assessing 

Intermittent Pesticide Exposure from Flea Control Collars Containing the Organophosphorus 

Insecticide Tetrachlorvinphos. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 

(2008) 18, 564-57). That study is currently undergoing internal EPA science and ethics review 

and will also undergo review by the HSRB at the next scheduled HSRB meeting, January 2016. 

Note: This memorandum was reviewed by the Exposure Science Advisory Committee 

(ExpoSAC) on May 21, 2015.

 

1 W. Britton. Residential Exposure Assessment in Response to the Natural Resources Defense Council Petition to 

Cancel All Pet Uses for Tetrachlorvinphos. 11/05/2014. D420283.
Page 3 of 124

Table of Contents

1.0 Executive Summary............................................................................................................. 4

2.0 Risk Assessment Conclusions and Recommendations...................................................... 10

2.1 Summary of Risk Estimates........................................................................................... 10

3.0 Hazard Characterization and Dose-Response Assessment................................................ 12

4.0 Use Profile ......................................................................................................................... 17

5.0 Residential Exposure and Risk Estimates.......................................................................... 18

5.1 Residential Handler Exposures ...................................................................................... 18

5.2 Residential Post-application Exposure/Risk Estimates.................................................. 20

5.3 Residential Risk Estimates for Use in Aggregate Assessment ...................................... 28

5.4 Spray Drift...................................................................................................................... 28

5.5 Residential Bystander Post-Application Inhalation Exposure ....................................... 28

6.0 Occupational Exposure and Risk Estimates ...................................................................... 29

6.1 Occupational Handler Exposure/Risk Estimates............................................................ 29

6.2 Occupational Post-application Exposure/Risk Estimates .............................................. 35

Appendix A: Summary of OPP’s ChE Policy & Use of BMD Modeling ................................... 36

Appendix B: Results for BMD/BMDL modeling for TCVP....................................................... 37

Appendix C – Summary of TCVP Labels and Use Directions..................................................... 38

Appendix D: Summary of Occupational and Residential Non-cancer Algorithms..................... 55

Occupational and Residential Cancer Algorithms........................................................................ 59

Appendix E – Summary of Residential Handler Exposures and Risks........................................ 61

Appendix F – Summary of Residential Handler Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates............... 67

Appendix G – Summary of Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk 

Estimates....................................................................................................................................... 69

Appendix H – Summary of Residential Post-Application Cancer Exposure and Risks............... 77

Appendix I – Summary of Occupational Handler Exposures and Risks...................................... 81

Appendix J – Summary of Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates................................... 95
Page 4 of 124

1.0 Executive Summary

TCVP [(Z)-2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate] is a member of the 

organophosphate (OP) class of pesticides. TCVP is used as a direct animal treatment to livestock 

(i.e., cattle, horses, poultry and swine) and their premises, in kennels, outdoors as a perimeter 

treatment, and as a flea treatment on cats and dogs. There are 42 end-use product labels 

currently registered with TCVP as the active ingredient (ai). This assessment updates the 

occupational exposures anticipated from the livestock, outdoor perimeter treatment, and pet uses.

The assessment of all occupational uses of TCVP have been updated since the dermal and 

inhalation levels of concern (LOCs) have increased 10 fold, and due to significant changes in 

scenario-specific handler surrogate exposure data that have occurred since most recent 

assessments were conducted in 2002. All currently registered TCVP pet products were recently 

assessed in the above cited 11/2014 residential risk assessment and include collar, dust/powder, 

and pump and trigger spray formulations. The risk outcomes (presented herein) of the 11/2014 

residential assessment have been reevaluated for the following reasons: 

 Inclusion of the 10X FQPA safety factor/uncertainty factor;

 There is no non-cancer dermal hazard for TCVP;

 A female-specific body weight, 69 kg, is used for assessment of adult (inhalation) exposures 

instead of the average adult body weight of 80 kg;

 Use of newer pet residue data for pet collars that result in more conservative estimates of 

residue transfer and exposure than the data used in the 2014 risk assessment. Residential 

post-application assessments for TCVP pet collar uses are performed using data from two 

recently submitted pet collar residue transfer studies (an amitraz pet collar study2(herein 

referred to as “the amitraz study”) and a literature study using TCVP pet collars (Davis, 

20083, herein referred to as “the Davis study”); and

 Because it cannot be confirmed at this time if TCVP pet collar products are manufactured as 

liquid or dust formulations, the exposures to TCVP pet collar products are assessed 1) 

assuming all collars may be a liquid formulation and 2) assuming all collars may be a dust

formulation.

Further, this document takes into account, where appropriate, arguments presented in the Natural 

Resources Defense Council, Inc.’s (NRDC) Aug. 5, 2015 Opening Brief in NRDC v. EPA, Case 

No. 15-70025 (9th Cir.) (Opening Brief), which was filed as a result of the 2014 residential pet 

product assessment and EPA’s subsequent denial of NRDC’s 2009 petition to cancel all TCVP 

pet products.

4

 The EPA point-by-point response to NRDC comments can be found in D430589.5 

 

2 MRID 49468801: Determination of Transferable Residues of Amitraz from the Hair of Dogs Following the 

Application of the Preventic® Collar.

3 Davis, M. et. al., Assessing Intermittent Pesticide Exposure from Flea Control Collars Containing the 

Organophosphorus Insecticide Tetrachlorvinphos. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 

(2008) 18, 564-57)

4 Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., Petitioner, v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Respondent. On 

Petition to Review of an Order of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the United State Court of Appeals 

for the Ninth Circuit. 8/5/2015. No. 15-70025.

5 W. Britton. Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): Responses to Arguments Presented in the Natural Resources Defense 

Council, Inc.’s (NRDC) Aug. 5, 2015 Opening Brief in NRDC v. EPA, Case No. 15-70025 (9th Cir.). 12/21/15, 

D430589.
Page 5 of 124

The arguments addressed include:

 EPA incorrectly eliminated a key safety factor mandated by Congress to protect children;

 Without a chemical-specific study to assess post-application risks, EPA should have used the 

default FAR (i.e., residue transfer) of two percent as recommended by the 2012 Standard 

Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Residential Pesticide Exposure Assessment6(hereinafter, 

“2012 Residential SOPs”) to assess risks from pet collar exposures;

 EPA failed to consider the Davis study for the estimation of post-application risks for 

exposures to the TCVP flea collar;

 EPA incorrectly considered the TCVP flea collar to be liquid formulated product; 

 EPA underestimates children’s post-application exposures to their pets through use of an 

assumption that toddlers spend one hour per day with their pets;

 EPA failed to account for an established route of post-application exposure, toddlers who 

touch an object or food with pesticide-contaminated hands, and then put that object or food 

into his/her mouth (i.e., object-to-mouth exposures); and 

 EPA’s algorithm for calculating the amount of “transferable residue” is inconsistent with the 

findings of the Davis study which found that the residues were concentrated at the neck of 

the animal following application. 

Exposure and Proposed Use Profile

Occupational handler exposures are anticipated from the use of TCVP in livestock, as an outdoor 

perimeter treatment, and on pets. The TCVP livestock and perimeter treatment uses are 

formulated as follows: dusts (D), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), feed through (solid and liquid 

food additives), feed blocks, and wettable powders (WP). The personal protective equipment 

(PPE) required for occupational use of TCVP vary by formulation and application/equipment 

type. For feed through (solid and liquid food additives) and feed blocks, occupational handlers 

are required to wear baseline clothing (i.e., long sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes and socks) and 

gloves. For all other end-use labels with livestock and outdoor perimeter uses, required PPE can 

vary dependent on the application/equipment type and range from baseline clothing and gloves, 

to the addition of coveralls, or respiratory protection (i.e, PF5 or PF10 respirators). Occupational 

handler exposures are also expected from use of TCVP on pets by veterinarians, veterinary 

assistants, and groomers. The pet use formulations include collars, dusts/powders, and pump and 

trigger sprays. All but one of the TCVP pet product labels do not require PPE (i.e., EPA Reg 

No. 47000-123 which requires double layer clothing, gloves and dust mist respirator) as these are 

intended for residential sale as well as for occupational use. A summary of all TCVP 

occupational use sites and application rates is presented in Appendix C.

Occupational post-application exposures are not anticipated for TCVP based on the manner in 

which it is applied. Further, restricted entry intervals (REIs) are not included on TCVP product 

labeling as the registered uses (i.e., livestock or other animals, or in or around animal premises) 

are not covered by the Worker Protection Standard (WPS). 

 

6 Available: http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/standard-operating-proceduresresidential-pesticide
Page 6 of 124

Residential handler and post-application exposures are anticipated from the use of TCVP pet 

products and were previously assessed. 

Hazard 

TCVP is a member of the OP class of pesticides. For TCVP, like other OPs, the initiating event 

in the adverse outcome pathway/mode of action (AOP/MOA) involves inhibition of the enzyme 

acetylcholinesterase (AChE) via phosphorylation of the serine residue at the active site of the 

enzyme. This inhibition leads to accumulation of acetylcholine and ultimately to neurotoxicity 

in the central and/or peripheral nervous system. For TCVP, AChE inhibition is the most 

sensitive endpoint in the toxicology database in multiple species, durations, lifestages, and 

routes. TCVP does not require metabolic activation to an oxon to inhibit AChE; i.e., the parent 

compound is the active form inhibiting AChE. OPs also exhibit a phenomenon known as steady 

state AChE inhibition. After repeated dosing at the same dose level, the degree of inhibition 

comes into equilibrium with the production of new, uninhibited enzyme. OP AChE studies of 2-

3 weeks generally show the same degree of inhibition as those of longer duration (i.e., up to 2 

years of exposure). Therefore, a steady state assessment based on 21 days of exposure may be 

conducted in place of the traditional chronic or long-term assessments. The steady state point of 

departure is protective of any exposure duration longer than 21-days, including chronic exposure, 

since cholinesterase inhibition does not increase after reaching maximum inhibition or steady 

state

The toxicology database for TCVP is complete for risk assessment. TCVP has cholinesterase data 

across multiple lifestages, durations, and routes for both red blood cell (RBC) and brain 

cholinesterase inhibition. There are acceptable studies available for toxicity endpoint and point of 

departure (POD) selection. For TCVP, RBC AChE inhibition is the most sensitive endpoint and 

is the endpoint from which the PODs for all TCVP exposure routes and durations were selected. 

There is no evidence of quantitative or qualitative sensitivity in the developmental rat and rabbit 

study or in the gestational (fetus) or juvenile (postnatal day; PND11) components of the 

comparative cholinesterase assay (CCA) study. In the acute and repeated comparative 

cholinesterase assays, juvenile rats (PND 11 and PND 21), pregnant dams, fetuses, and nonpregnant females show similar results in both RBC and brain AChE activity. At the lowest tested 

dose of 75 mg/kg/day in the acute CCA study, there was little difference in RBC or brain AChE 

inhibition between the PND11, PND21, or young adult (PND42). Similarly, the PND11 and 

PND21 rats in the CCA study are similarly sensitive as adult rats exposed to a single dose of 50 

mg/kg from a separate peak inhibition study. The repeat dosing phase of the CCA also 

demonstrates the lack of sensitivity in AChE inhibition in the juvenile (PND11) rats. Furthermore, 

the fetus is not more sensitive than the pregnant dam. Therefore, points of departure that are based 

on adult AChE data are also protective of the postnatal and gestational lifestages.

High quality AChE data for the dermal and inhalation routes are also available and allow for route 

specific evaluation. RBC AChE inhibition was observed in both sexes in the inhalation study 

(brain AChE was not assessed), while no inhibition of RBC or brain AChE was observed in the 

dermal study up to the limit dose. 
Page 7 of 124

TCVP is classified as a Group C possible human carcinogen (based on statistically significant 

increases in combined hepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma in female mice) with a linear low-dose 

approach for quantification of risk using the oral slope factor (Q1*) of 1.83 x 10-3 (mg/kg/day)-1. 

Whereas parent compound TCVP is the residue of concern for AChE inhibition, TCVP plus 

metabolites containing the 2,4,5 trichlorobenzene moiety are the residues of concern for cancer 

assessment.

Uncertainty Factors

For TCVP, as for other OPs, the FQPA safety factor (SF) of 10X has been retained for infants, 

children, youths, and women of childbearing age for all exposure scenarios due to uncertainty in 

the human dose-response relationship for neurodevelopmental effects. 

A total uncertainty factor of 1000X is appropriate for residential incidental oral exposures (10X 

for interspecies extrapolation, 10X for intraspecies variation, and a 10X FQPA SF). A total 

uncertainty factor of 300X is appropriate for all inhalation exposures (3X for interspecies 

extrapolation, 10X for intraspecies variation, and a 10X FQPA SF for residential assessments or a 

10X database uncertainty factor for occupational assessments to protect potentially pregnant 

female workers due to uncertainty in the human dose-response relationship for 

neurodevelopmental effects.7

Residential Exposure and Risk

Residential exposures (handler and post-application) are anticipated from the use of TCVP pet 

products. All currently registered TCVP pet products were updated in the 11/2014 residential 

risk assessment. As stated previously, the risk outcomes of the 11/2014 residential assessment 

have been reevaluated due to the determination of no dermal hazard for TCVP, the incidental 

oral and inhalation LOCs have increased 10 fold since the assessment was conducted, and the 

presentation of preliminary, comparative residential post-application risks from contact with pets 

treated with the pet collar formulation with use of the Davis study.

Residential TCVP handler and post-application exposures are anticipated to be short- (1 to 30 

days) to intermediate-term (1 to 6 months) in duration. However, because of the steady state 

AChE inhibition exhibited by the OPs, steady state exposures (21 days and longer) were assessed 

and presented for residential exposures to TCVP pet products. 

Handler

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: All residential handler (adults) non-cancer steady state 

inhalation risks estimated for the TCVP pet dust/powder and pump/trigger spray formulations are 

not of concern to the Agency (i.e., all MOEs are > 300). Residential handler estimated cancer 

risks (combined dermal and inhalation) for TCVP dusts/powders range from 10-8to 10-7, and for 

pump/trigger sprays range from 10-9to 10-8. 

 

7 For more information, please reference Sections 4.4 and 4.5 of the Tetrachlorvinphos Human Health Draft Risk 

Assessment for Registration Review. D. Drew. D411095. 12/21/2015.
Page 8 of 124

Pet Collars: Because there is uncertainty whether the TCVP pet collars are liquid and/or dust 

formulated products, residential handler steady state inhalation exposures were quantified and 

presented assuming collars could be either formulation. No handler risks of concern were 

identified with the use of either liquid-specific UE data (i.e., surrogate data from spot-on 

applicator study) or with use of dust-specific UE data (i.e., a TCVP dust/powder applicator 

exposure study). Residential handler dermal risks for all TCVP pet products have not been 

assessed due to the finding of no dermal hazard for TCVP. 

Residential handler cancer risks estimated for TCVP estimated with use of liquid-specific UE 

data are all 10-8, and with use of the dust-specific UE data cancer are all 10-7. 

Post-application

Since there is no non-cancer dermal hazard for TCVP and post-application inhalation exposures 

to treated pets are negligible, a quantitative non-cancer post-application exposure assessment was 

not performed for adults; there are no residential non-cancer risk estimates of concern for adults 

contacting pets treated with TCVP products.

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: Residential post-application steady state non-cancer 

child 1 to < 2 years old incidental oral (hand-to-mouth) exposures to pets treated with TCVP 

pump/trigger sprays are not estimated to be of concern (i.e., MOEs are > 1,000). However, child 

1 to < 2 years old incidental oral exposures to pets treated with TCVP dust/powder products are 

estimated to be of concern for 14 of 17 total exposure scenarios assessed (i.e., MOEs are < 

1,000). Residential cancer (adult only) risks estimated for TCVP pump/trigger sprays range 

from 10-7to 10-6and, for TCVP dust/powder products estimated cancer risks are 10-7. 

Pet Collars: As was noted above, newer residue transfer data, that indicated higher residue 

transfer than the data used in the 2014 assessment, were used to reassess post-application 

exposures to TCVP pet collars. The post-application assessments for the TCVP pet collars were 

performed assuming pet collars could be either liquid or solid (dust) formulations, and using 

residue transfer data from two available studies (the amitraz study and the Davis study). Data 

from both studies have been included because the Davis study is currently undergoing internal 

EPA science and ethics review and will also undergo review by the Human Studies Review 

Board (HSRB) at the next scheduled HSRB meeting, January 2016. Until the Davis study 

undergoes a complete review by the HSRB, any assumptions, risk estimates or conclusions using 

the Davis study are considered preliminary. If the Davis study is determined to be acceptable for 

use in risk assessment, these TCVP-specific data will be relied upon for risk quantitation; 

alternatively, if these data are determined to be unacceptable for use, the amitraz study may be 

relied upon as the best available data source unless other appropriate chemical-specific data 

become available. The post-application exposure and risk estimates for the various pet collar 

assumptions are provided below:

Liquid formulation/Amitraz study assumption: Post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 

risk estimates are not of concern (i.e., MOEs are > 1,000; LOC=1000). Estimated adult postapplication cancer risks range from 10-7 to 10-6

. 

Liquid formulation/Davis study assumption: One of the 23 scenarios assessed (EPA Reg. No. 

2596-139; exposures to a small sized dog) for post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 
Page 9 of 124

risk is of concern (MOE = 650; LOC=1000). Estimated adult post-application cancer risks range 

from 10-6to 10-5. 

Dust formulation/Amitraz study assumption: Post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 

risk estimates are of concern for all of the TCVP pet collar exposure scenarios assessed (i.e., 

MOEs are < 1,000; LOC=1000). All estimated adult post-application cancer risks are estimated 

to be 10-5. 

 

Dust formulation/Davis study assumption: Quantitative assessments were not performed 

assuming collars are dust formulations and using the Davis study since the mean residue transfer 

measured in the Davis study was greater than that in the amitraz study; therefore, postapplication exposures from TCVP pet collars would be greater, and MOEs lower, when using the 

Davis study than those resulting from using the amitraz study (which are of concern for 

children).

A quantitative residential post-application inhalation exposure assessment was not performed as 

inhalation exposure is expected to be negligible from applications to pets. However, an 

inhalation exposure assessment was performed for pet handlers (i.e., veterinarians, veterinary 

assistants, and groomers) and this exposure scenario should be considered protective of any 

potential low-level post-application inhalation exposure that could result from these types of 

applications.

Spray Drift

A quantitative spray drift assessment was not conducted because the use of TCVP for direct 

animal treatment to livestock and their premises, in kennels, outdoors as a perimeter treatment, 

and as a flea treatment on cats and dogs are either 1) not applied via aircraft, groundboom, or 

airblast equipment or 2) for applications to poultry buildings with groundboom equipment, the 

use is indoors and not anticipated to be a significant source of spray drift. 

Occupational Exposure and Risk 

Steady state non-cancer and cancer exposures and risks were calculated for occupational 

handlers of TCVP. In order to determine what level of personal protection is required to 

alleviate risk concerns and to ascertain if label modifications are needed, steady state exposure 

and risk estimates were calculated for occupational handlers of TCVP for a variety of exposure 

scenarios at differing levels of personal protection including engineering controls. 

Of the 172 total occupational handler exposure scenarios assessed, the majority (152) are not of 

concern (i.e., steady state inhalation MOEs are ≥ 300) with currently required personal protective 

equipment (PPE) (i.e., respiratory protection). Of the remaining 20 handler exposure scenarios, 

an additional 16 are not of concern with consideration of increasing levels of respiratory 

protection (i.e., four occupational handler exposure scenarios result in estimated risks of concern 

despite the addition of respiratory protection or engineering controls). 
Page 10 of 124

Occupational cancer risks were estimated for both private/farmer and contract/commercial 

handlers. Cancer risks range from 10-10 to 10-5for private/farmer handlers and from 10-10 to 10-4

for contract/commercial handlers with currently required PPE. 

Occupational post-application exposures are not anticipated for TCVP as the majority of use 

sites are not to foliar surfaces (e.g., poultry house, livestock or pet treatments are not considered 

foliar applications). The use of TCVP outdoors as a perimeter treatment is not expected to result 

in occupational post-application exposure as reentry activities related to crop production (e.g., 

scouting, harvesting) are not anticipated for this use pattern.

Human Studies Review

This risk assessment relies in part on data from studies in which adult human subjects were 

intentionally exposed to a pesticide or other chemical. These data, which include studies from 

PHED 1.1; the AHETF database; the Outdoor Residential Exposure Task Force (ORETF) 

database; the ARTF database; the Residential SOPs (Treated Pets); as well as a TCVP 

dust/powder applicator exposure study (MRID 45519601), and TCVP dust and pump spray study 

(MRID 45485501) and an amitraz pet collar residue transfer study (MRID 49468801) are (1) 

subject to ethics review pursuant to 40 CFR 26, (2) have received that review, and (3) are 

compliant with applicable ethics requirements. For certain studies, the ethics review may have 

included review by the Human Studies Review Board (HSRB). Descriptions of data sources, as 

well as guidance on their use, can be found at the Agency website8. 

Data were also used from a literature study using TCVP pet collars, Davis, M. et. al., Assessing 

Intermittent Pesticide Exposure from Flea Control Collars Containing the Organophosphorus 

Insecticide Tetrachlorvinphos. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. 

(2008) 18, 564-57). That study is undergoing internal EPA science and ethics review and will 

also undergo review by the HSRB at the next scheduled HSRB meeting, January 2016. 

2.0 Risk Assessment Conclusions and Recommendations

2.1 Summary of Risk Estimates

Residential Handler 

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: All residential handler (adults) non-cancer steady state 

inhalation risks estimated for the TCVP pet dust/powder and pump/trigger spray formulations are 

not of concern to the Agency (i.e., all MOEs are > 300). Residential handler estimated cancer 

risks (combined dermal and inhalation) for TCVP dusts/powders range from 10-8to 10-7, and for 

pump/trigger sprays range from 10-9to 10-8. 

Pet Collars: No handler risks of concern were identified with the use of either liquid-specific 

UE data (i.e., surrogate data from spot-on applicator study) or with use of dust-specific UE data 

(i.e., a TCVP dust/powder applicator exposure study). 

 

8 http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/handler-exposure-data.html and 

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/post-app-exposure-data.html
Page 11 of 124

Residential handler cancer risks estimated for TCVP estimated with use of liquid-specific UE 

data are all 10-8, and with use of the dust-specific UE data cancer are all 10-7. 

Residential Post-application

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: Residential post-application steady state non-cancer 

child 1 to < 2 years old incidental oral (hand-to-mouth) exposures to pets treated with TCVP 

pump/trigger sprays are not estimated to be of concern (i.e., MOEs are > 1,000). However, child 

1 to < 2 years old incidental oral exposures to pets treated with TCVP dust/powder products are 

estimated to be of concern for 14 of 17 total exposure scenarios assessed (i.e., MOEs are < 

1,000). Residential cancer (adult only) risks estimated for TCVP pump/trigger sprays range 

from 10-7to 10-6and, for TCVP dust/powder products estimated cancer risks are 10-7. 

Pet Collars: 

Liquid formulation/Amitraz study assumption: Post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 

risk estimates are not of concern (i.e., MOEs are > 1,000; LOC=1000). Estimated adult postapplication cancer risks range from 10-7 to 10-6

. 

Liquid formulation/Davis study assumption: One of the 23 scenarios assessed (EPA Reg. No. 

2596-139; exposures to a small sized dog) for post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 

risk is of concern (MOE = 650; LOC=1000). Estimated adult post-application cancer risks range 

from 10-6to 10-5. 

Dust formulation/Amitraz study assumption: Post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 

risk estimates are of concern for all of the TCVP pet collar exposure scenarios assessed (i.e., 

MOEs are < 1,000; LOC=1000). All estimated adult post-application cancer risks are estimated 

to be 10-5. 

 

Dust formulation/Davis study assumption: Quantitative assessments were not performed 

assuming collars are dust formulations and using the Davis study since the mean residue transfer 

measured in the Davis study was greater than that in the amitraz study; therefore, postapplication exposures from TCVP pet collars would be greater, and MOEs lower, when using the 

Davis study than those resulting from using the amitraz study (which are of concern for 

children).

Occupational

Of the 172 total occupational handler exposure scenarios assessed, the majority (152) are not of 

concern (i.e., steady state inhalation MOEs are ≥ 300) with currently required personal protective 

equipment (PPE) (i.e., respiratory protection). Of the remaining 20 handler exposure scenarios, 

an additional 16 are not of concern with consideration of increasing levels of respiratory 

protection (i.e., four occupational handler exposure scenarios result in estimated risks of concern 

despite the addition of respiratory protection or engineering controls). 

Occupational cancer risks were estimated for both private/farmer and contract/commercial 

handlers. Cancer risks range from 10-10 to 10-5for private/farmer handlers and from 10-10 to 10-4

for contract/commercial handlers with currently required PPE. 
Page 12 of 124

3.0 Hazard Characterization and Dose-Response Assessment

TCVP is a member of the organophosphate class of pesticides. Like other OPs, the initiating 

event in the adverse outcome pathway/mode of action (AOP/ MOA) for TCVP involves 

inhibition of the enzyme AChE via phosphorylation of the serine residue at the active site of the 

enzyme. This inhibition leads to accumulation of acetylcholine and ultimately to neurotoxicity 

in the central and/or peripheral nervous system (see Figure 1). For TCVP, AChE inhibition is 

the most sensitive endpoint in the toxicology database in multiple species, durations, lifestages, 

and routes. AChE inhibition is the focus of this hazard characterization; the availability of 

reliable AChE inhibition dose response data is one of the key determinants in evaluating this 

toxicology database. 

Figure 1. Adverse outcome pathway for OPs

AChE inhibition is the well-established cholinergic mode of action for OPs and is typically used 

as the critical effect in hazard characterization for members of this class of pesticides. TCVP 

inhibits cholinesterase activity in various species including rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs. TCVP 

has cholinesterase data across multiple lifestages, durations, and routes for both red blood cell 

(RBC) and brain cholinesterase inhibition. Cholinesterase inhibition is the most sensitive effect 

for TCVP; however, TCVP data demonstrate a shallow dose-response curve for AChE inhibition 

across many of the studies in the database resulting in varying magnitudes of response across the 

database. Large increases in administered dose result in only small changes in AChE inhibition. 

For example, in the 11-day repeat adult CCA study, 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg resulted in about 

10% RBC inhibition, 50 mg/kg from 30-40% RBC inhibition, and 200 mg/kg only 40-60% 

inhibition. A similar response was observed in brain AChE with no inhibition at 5 mg/kg, 7-12% 

at 10 mg/kg, 15-40% at 50 mg/kg, and only 18-57% at 200 mg/kg. In the 21-day repeat toxicity 

study, 20 mg/kg resulted in approximately 30% RBC inhibition while the highest dose of 50 

mg/kg resulted in only 30-40% inhibition. 

Many of the toxicological studies for TCVP have been considered for benchmark dose (BMD) 

modeling (Bever/Holman; 5/20/14; TXR# 0056970 and Appendix B). However, a number of 

datasets were not amenable to BMD modeling due to the shallow dose response described above. 

Some studies in the database, however, were amenable to BMD modeling and provided a robust 

evaluation of the RBC and brain AChE activity. In general, RBC and brain cholinesterase 

inhibition were similarly inhibited across the database. It should be noted that is some cases RBC 

data provided a more robust dose-response and, therefore, more reliable BMD estimates. Male 

and female adult rats were also generally affected similarly across the various studies; although 

sporadically, one sex appears more sensitive; there is no consistent pattern. For example, in the 

Target 

Tissue Dose

Phosphorylation 

of the active site 

of AChE

Neurotoxicity

Accumulation 

of 

acetylcholine
Page 13 of 124

repeat oral subchronic study, adult females were more sensitive (RBC and brain) than adult males, 

while in the single dose study (MRID 45570601), males were more sensitive (brain) than adult 

females. High quality AChE data for the dermal and inhalation routes are also available and allow 

for route specific evaluation. RBC AChE inhibition was observed in both sexes in the inhalation 

study (brain AChE was not assessed), while no inhibition of RBC or brain AChE was observed in 

the dermal study up to the limit dose. 

Transient clinical signs [gait alterations, constricted pupils, tremors (fore- and hindlimb), body 

cool to the touch, decreased defecation, red material on forelimbs, around eyes, nose, mouth]

characteristic of cholinergic toxicity were observed at the high dose (650 mg/kg) in the acute 

neurotoxicity rat study, and tremors were observed in pregnant rats in the developmental toxicity 

study at dose levels 5X higher than those eliciting AChE inhibition.

There is no evidence of quantitative or qualitative sensitivity in the developmental rat and rabbit 

study or in the gestational (fetus) or juvenile (PND11) components of the CCA study. In the acute 

and repeated comparative cholinesterase assays, juvenile rats (PND 11 and PND 21), pregnant 

dams, fetuses, and non-pregnant females show similar results in both RBC and brain AChE 

activity. At the lowest tested dose of 75 mg/kg/day in the acute CCA study, there was little 

difference in RBC or brain AChE inhibition between the PND11, PND21, or young adult 

(PND42). Similarly, the PND11 and PND21 rats in the CCA study are similarly sensitive as adult 

rats exposed to a single dose of 50 mg/kg from a separate peak inhibition study. The repeat dosing 

phase of the CCA also demonstrates the lack of sensitivity in AChE inhibition in the juvenile 

(PND11) rats. Furthermore, the fetus is not more sensitive than the pregnant dam. Therefore, 

points of departure that are based on adult AChE data are also protective of the postnatal and 

gestational lifestages. 

In the rat developmental toxicity study, no developmental effects were observed in the fetus at 

dose levels where minimal effects (decreased body weight gains) were observed in the dams. 

Developmental toxicity (increased early resorptions, post-implantation loss, and decreased number 

of live fetuses) was observed in the rabbit developmental toxicity study at the same dose level 

where significant toxicity (mortality, abortion) was observed in the maternal rabbit. No 

reproductive or offspring toxicity was observed in the 2-generation reproductive rat study, but 

increased adrenal weights were observed in the parental rats.

In the developmental neurotoxicity study (DNT), quantitative susceptibility was only observed in 

pups (decreased pup weight, decreased relative brain weight/measurements) at the high dose of 

200 mg/kg/day. However, a 200 mg/kg/day dose to juvenile rats is 10-fold higher than doses 

reflecting approximately 10% inhibition in juvenile pups in the CCA study and 25-fold higher than 

the point of departure. Therefore, when considered in combination with the results from the CCA, 

sensitivity occurring at doses relevant for risk assessment was not observed in the database. Thus, 

data from adult animals are protective of any effects in the young. Additionally, BMD results using 

cholinesterase inhibition are protective for the effects observed in pups in the DNT study. 

TCVP is classified as a Group C possible human carcinogen with a linear low-dose approach for 

quantification of risk using the oral slope factor (Q1*) of 1.83 x 10-3. 
Page 14 of 124

Acute Toxicity

In acute lethality studies, TCVP has low acute toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes 

of exposure. It is a slight dermal irritant, a moderate eye irritant, and a dermal sensitizer. 

Table 3.1. Acute Toxicity of Tetrachlorvinphos Technical

Guideline 

No.

Study Type MRID 

No.

Results Toxicity 

Category

870.1100 Acute Oral – Rat 41222504

LD50 =

1480 mg/kg (M)

465-965 mg/kg (F) III

870.1200 Acute Dermal – Rabbit 41222505 LD50 > 2000 mg/kg III

870.1300 Acute Inhalation - Rat 00138933 LC50 > 3.61mg/L IV

870.2400 Acute Eye Irritation - Rabbit 41222506 Moderate III

870.2500 Acute Dermal Irritation - Rabbit 41222507 Slight IV

870.2600 Skin Sensitization - Guinea Pig 41377902,

42981001 Sensitizer N/A

870.6100 Acute Delayed Neurotoxicity 41905901

No clinical signs of 

neurotoxicity observed

(NTE not measured)

N/A

Toxicological PoDs Used for Risk Assessment 

Incidental Oral, Steady State

For the purpose of assessing potential risk associated with incidental oral exposure from steady 

state durations, OPP selected the POD and endpoint from an oral subchronic toxicity study 

conducted in adult rats in which RBC cholinesterase inhibition was observed. This study is 

appropriate for a childrens assessment since the acute and repeat CCA studies did not demonstrate 

sensitivity of juvenile pups compared to adults. Therefore, quantitation of incidental oral risks 

was performed using the female BMDL10 value of 8.0 mg/kg/day, based on RBC ChE inhibition 

and the BMD10 of 10.5 mg/kg. The selected study is protective of all populations since there is no 

concern for increased quantitative susceptibility in acute and repeated dosing CCA studies. 

Inhalation, Steady State

The steady state inhalation POD was selected from a 4-week inhalation toxicity study (MRID 

48803501) in rats, based on an increase in RBC cholinesterase inhibition in both sexes. Females 

had slightly lower modeled values (BMDL10 of 0.022 mg/L/day: BMD10 of 0.12 mg/L/day). The 

duration of this study is considered appropriate for the steady state exposure scenario since steady 

state occurs within 21 days, as demonstrated for other OPs, and a longer-term exposure would not 

be expected to result in a lower POD. The methods and dosimetry equations described in the 

Agency’s reference concentration (RfC) guidance are suited for calculating human equivalent 

concentrations (HECs) based on the inhalation toxicity POD obtained in rats exposed for 6 hr/day 

for an average of 5.5 days/week. The regional deposited dose ratio (RDDR), which accounts for 
Page 15 of 124

the particulate diameter (mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD] and geometric standard 

deviation [GSD] of aerosols) can be used to estimate the different dose fractions deposited along 

the respiratory tract surface areas. Thus, the RDDR can be used to adjust an observed inhalation 

particulate exposure of an animal to the predicted inhalation exposure for a human. For the 

subchronic inhalation toxicity study with TCVP, a RDDR of 2.525 was estimated based on 

extrarespiratory effects (RBC cholinesterase inhibition) in Sprague Dawley rats (bodyweight = 

267g). The MMAD and GSD of 2.57 and 3.785 μm, respectively, at 0.05 mg/L were used to 

derive the RDDR. 

The HECs are summarized in Table 3.2, as well as human equivalent doses (HEDs) calculated 

for residential and occupational handler scenarios. For residential handler scenarios, a HED was 

calculated using a breathing rate of 16.7 L/min. For occupational handler scenarios, HEDs were 

calculated for breathing rates of 8.3, 16.7, and 29 L/min to account for different occupational 

activities. The standard interspecies extrapolation uncertainty factor can be reduced from 10X to 

3X due to the HEC calculation accounting for pharmacokinetic (not pharmacodynamic) 

interspecies differences. The intraspecies uncertainty factor remains at 10X. . 

Table 3.2. Estimated Human Equivalent Concentration (HEC)/Human Equivalent Dose (HED)

Population HEC (mg/L) HED (mg/kg/day)

Residential Handler 0.05555 1.590

Residential Bystander 0.00992 -

Occupational

-8.3 L/min breathing rate

-16.7 L/min breathing rate

-29 L/min breathing rats

0.04166

2.371

4.771

8.285

RDDR = 2.525 (extrarespiratory) based on MMAD±GSD of 2.57±3.785 observed at 0.05 mg/L in SpragueDawley rats using 267g default bodyweight (MRID 48803501).

Dermal, Steady State

No quantification of dermal non-cancer risk is required for TCVP. There were (1) no treatment 

related effects (no clinical signs) at doses up to and including the limit dose in the dermal toxicity 

study; (2) both RBC and brain cholinesterase activity were assessed in the dermal study and neither 

compartment was affected at the limit dose; (3) there is no concern for quantitative susceptibility 

for juvenile or gestational lifestages based on results of the developmental, reproductive, or CCA 

toxicity studies; and (4) the effects observed in pups from the DNT were 10-fold above the 10% 

inhibition level with a dermal equivalent dose necessary to produce an effect well above the limit 

dose. 

TCVP is classified as a Group C possible human carcinogen by the Agency with a linear lowdose approach for quantification of risk using the oral slope factor (Q1*) of 1.83 x 10-3

(mg/kg/day)-1.

Uncertainty Factors 

A total uncertainty factor of 1000X is appropriate for the assessment of dermal and oral routes of 

exposures [10X for interspecies extrapolation, 10X for intraspecies variation and a 10X Food 
Page 16 of 124

Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Safety Factor (SF)/database uncertainty factor (UFDB)]. The 

FQPA SF, which is specific to residential exposure scenarios, has been retained for infants, 

children, youths, and women of childbearing age for all exposure scenarios due to uncertainty in 

the human dose-response relationship for neurodevelopmental effects9. For the inhalation route 

of exposure, a total SF of 300X is appropriate (3X for interspecies extrapolation, 10X for 

intraspecies variation, and 10X Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Safety Factor (SF)/database 

uncertainty factor). The interspecies extrapolation is reduced from 10X to 3X because the 

reference concentration (RfC) methodology for inhalation is used to determine an HEC and takes 

into consideration the pharmacokinetic differences between animals and humans. The database 

uncertainty factor was also retained for the protection of occupational workers (dermal and 

inhalation exposures) who may be pregnant due to uncertainty in the human dose-response 

relationship for neurodevelopmental effects. 

Absorption

Despite the determination of the lack of dermal hazard for TCVP, dermal exposures from TCVP 

must be quantified for purpose of cancer and incidental oral (hand-to-mouth) risk assessment. 

Because an oral study was selected for dermal exposure assessment, a dermal absorption factor 

(DAF) of 9.6% was used in the route-to-route extrapolation. The DAF is based on the results of a 

dermal penetration study in rats. Since the inhalation PoD was based on a route-specific toxicity 

study, no absorption factor was necessary to estimate exposure.

Body Weight

For adults, when an endpoint is not sex-specific (i.e., the endpoints are based on developmental 

or fetal effects) a body weight of 80 kg is typically used in risk assessment; however, in this case,

a female-specific body weight of 69 kg was used. While the endpoint of concern, RBC AChE 

inhibition, is not sex-specific, the female body weight was used for pregnant women due to 

uncertainty in the human dose-response relationship for neurodevelopmental effects.

A body weight of 11 kg was assumed for children 1 to < 2 years old. 

Table 3.3. Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for TCVP for Use in Occupational and 

Residential Human Health Risk Assessments

Exposure/

Scenario

Point of 

Departure

Uncertainty 

Factors

Level of 

Concern for 

Risk 

Assessment

Study and Toxicological Effects

Incidental 

Oral

(steady state)

BMDL10 = 8.0 

mg/kg/day

UFA= 10X

UFH=10X

FQPA SF = 

10X

Residential 

LOC is an MOE 

= 1000

Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study (MRID 

43371201) – Rat

BMD10 = 10.49 mg/kg/day, based on female 

RBC ChE inhibition

 

9 For more information, please reference Sections 4.4 and 4.5 of the Tetrachlorvinphos Human Health Draft Risk 

Assessment for Registration Review. D. Drew. D411095. 12/21/2015.
Page 17 of 124

Table 3.3. Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for TCVP for Use in Occupational and 

Residential Human Health Risk Assessments

Exposure/

Scenario

Point of 

Departure

Uncertainty 

Factors

Level of 

Concern for 

Risk 

Assessment

Study and Toxicological Effects

Dermal 

(steady state)

No potential hazard via the dermal route, based on the lack of treatment-related effects, including 

the lack of RBC and brain cholinesterase inhibition following repeat dermal exposure of rats at dose 

levels up to 1000 mg/kg/day and no concern for quantitative susceptibility. 

Inhalation 

(steady state)

Occupational

BMDL10=0.022 

mg/L/day 

(males)

UFA= 3x

UFH=10x

UFDB= 10x

Occupational 

LOC for MOE 

= 300

Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Study

(MRID 48803501) - Rat

BMD10 = 0.12 mg/L/day, based on RBC 

ChE inhibition in both sexes

Residential

BMDL10=0.022 

mg/L/day 

(males)

UFA= 3x

UFH=10x

FQPA SF = 

10X

Residential 

LOC for MOE 

= 300

Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Study 

(MRID 48803501) – Rat

BMD10 = 0.12 mg/L/day, based on RBC 

ChE inhibition in both sexes

Cancer 

(oral, dermal,

inhalation)

Classification: A possible human (Group C) carcinogen. Q1* = 1.83 x 10-3

(mg/kg/day)-1

1 Explanation of Abbreviations: Point of Departure (PoD) = A data point or an estimated point that is derived from observed 

dose-response data and used to mark the beginning of extrapolation to determine risk associated with lower environmentally 

relevant human exposures. NOAEL = no observed adverse effect level. LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level. UF = 

uncertainty factor. UFA = extrapolation from animal to human (interspecies). UFH = potential variation in sensitivity among 

members of the human population (intraspecies). UFDB = database uncertainty factor due to the potential for neurodevelopmental 

effects. FQPA SF = potential for neurodevelopmental effects. MOE = margin of exposure. LOC = level of concern. N/A = not 

applicable.

4.0 Use Profile 

TCVP is used as a direct animal treatment to livestock (i.e., cattle, horses, poultry and swine) and 

their premises, in kennels, outdoors as a perimeter treatment, and as a flea treatment on cats and 

dogs. There are 42 end-use product labels currently registered with TCVP as the ai. The TCVP 

livestock and perimeter treatment uses are formulated as follows: dusts (D), emulsifiable 

concentrates (EC), feed through (solid and liquid food additives), feed blocks, and wettable 

powders (WP). TCVP can be applied by a variety of means/equipment types including: 

backrubber/facerubber; backpack; cup; groundboom; handheld fogger; manually-pressurized 

handwand; mechanically-pressurized handwand; open pour (dust and liquid formulations); paint 

(airless sprayer or brush/roller); pet collar; plunger; rotary duster; shaker can; spoon; stationary 

fogger; and trigger spray.

The PPE required for occupational use of TCVP varies by formulation type. For feed through 

(solid and liquid food additives) and feed blocks, occupational handlers are required to wear 

baseline clothing (i.e., long sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes and socks) and gloves. For all other 
Page 18 of 124

end-use labels with livestock and outdoor perimeter uses, required PPE can vary dependent on 

the application type or equipment and can range from baseline clothing and gloves, to the 

addition of coveralls, or respiratory protection [(i.e., protection factor 5 (PF5) or protection factor 

10 (PF10)].

A summary of all registered TCVP labels and use directions are presented in Appendix C of this 

document. Table C.1 presents the livestock uses and Table C.2 presents pet uses.

5.0 Residential Exposure and Risk Estimates 

Residential exposures (handler and post-application) are anticipated from the use of TCVP pet 

products for dogs and cats including collars, dusts/powders, and pump/trigger sprays. Exposures 

are expected for adults who apply TCVP products to their pets and from post-application 

exposures for adults and children who may contact previously treated pets. 

A risk assessment of all currently registered TCVP pet products was recently completed 

(D420283; 11/2014). The interpretation of the risk outcomes of this assessment have been 

updated since the incidental oral and inhalation LOCs have increased 10 fold due to uncertainty 

in the human dose-response relationship for neurodevelopmental effects and, therefore, 

residential exposure scenarios which were previously not of concern to the Agency may now be

of concern. Other updates since the 2014 assessment include the following: the determination of 

no dermal hazard from TCVP; and the use of a female-specific body weight, 69 kg, for 

assessment of adult exposures instead of the average adult body weight of 80 kg.

In following EPA’s 2014 residential assessment, NRDC filed the August 5, 2015 Opening Brief 

in NRDC v. EPA, Case No. 15-70025 (9th Cir.) in the TCVP litigation for the 9th Circuit. Several 

arguments were presented which pertain to the safety factor, exposure data and assumptions used 

by EPA to complete the 2014 assessment. This document takes into account, where appropriate, 

many of the arguments presented in the Opening Brief. The EPA point-by-point response to 

NRDC comments can be found in D430589.10 

Exposures are expected for adults who apply TCVP products to their pets and from postapplication exposures to adults and children who may contact previously treated pets. 

Residential TCVP handler and post-application exposures are anticipated to be short- (1 to 30 

days) to intermediate-term (1 to 6 months). However, because of the steady state AChE 

inhibition exhibited by the OPs, steady state exposures (21 days and longer) were assessed and 

presented for residential exposures to TCVP pet products.

5.1 Residential Handler Exposures

HED uses the term “handlers” to describe those individuals who are involved in the pesticide 

application process. HED believes that there are distinct tasks related to applications and that 

exposures can vary depending on the specifics of each task. Residential handlers are assumed to 

 

10 W. Britton, Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): Responses to Arguments Presented in the Natural Resources 

Defense Council, Inc.’s (NRDC) Aug. 5, 2015 Opening Brief in NRDC v. EPA, Case No. 15-70025 (9th

Cir.). 12/21/15, D430589.
Page 19 of 124

complete all elements of an application without use of any protective equipment.

Residential handler exposures to TCVP pet products may occur via the dermal or inhalation 

routes while the product is placed on a cat or dog. Both steady state non-cancer and cancer 

residential handler exposure assessments were performed for adult homeowners applying TCVP 

pet collars, dusts/powders, and pump/trigger sprays products to cats and dogs. Since there is no 

non-cancer dermal hazard for TCVP, the steady state (non-cancer) handler assessment includes 

only inhalation exposures. For the cancer assessment, both dermal and inhalation exposures are 

assessed.

The exposure data and assumptions that underlie the residential handler non-cancer risk 

estimates can be referenced in the 11/2014 assessment and the 2012 Residential SOPs. The 

algorithms used to estimate non-cancer exposure and dose for residential handlers can be found 

in Appendix D and/or the 2012 Residential SOPs.11

The 2014 residential handler assessment was conducted based on the assumption that TCVP pet 

collars are a liquid product and, therefore, used only the liquid-specific UE. However, because 

there is uncertainty whether the TCVP pet collars are liquid and/or dust formulated products, 

residential handler steady state inhalation exposures for TCVP pet collar application were 

assessed with use of both liquid- and dust-specific UE data. When assuming the TCVP pet 

collars are a liquid formulation, the liquid-specific unit exposure (UE) values (i.e., surrogate data 

from spot-on applicator study) from the 2012 Residential SOPs were used. When assuming the 

pet collars are a solid formulation, HED used the best available data, a TCVP dust/powder 

applicator exposure study (MRID 45519601). The NRDC argument relating to the TCVP pet 

collar product formulation and the associated EPA response can be found in D430589, 

EPA response #4.12 

Summary of Residential Handler Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: All residential handler (adults) non-cancer (steady 

state) inhalation risks estimated for the TCVP pet dust/powder and pump/trigger spray 

formulations are not of concern (i.e., all MOEs are > 300; LOC=300). 

Pet Collars: No handler risks of concern were identified with the use of either liquid- or dustspecific UE data (i.e., all MOEs are > 300; LOC=300). 

A summary of residential handler exposures and risks is presented in Appendix E. 

Residential Handler Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimate Equations

 

11 http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/standard-operating-procedures-residentialpesticide

12 W. Britton, Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): Responses to Arguments Presented in the Natural Resources 

Defense Council, Inc.’s (NRDC) Aug. 5, 2015 Opening Brief in NRDC v. EPA, Case No. 15-70025 (9th

Cir.). 12/21/15, D430589.
Page 20 of 124

Cancer risk estimates were calculated using a linear low-dose extrapolation approach in which a 

Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD) is first calculated and then compared with a Q1* that has 

been calculated for TCVP based on dose response data in the appropriate toxicology study (Q1* 

= 1.83 x 10-3(mg/kg/day)-1). Absorbed average daily dose (ADD) levels were used as the basis 

for calculating the LADD values. Dermal and inhalation ADD values were first added together 

to obtain combined ADD values. LADD values were then calculated and compared to the Q1* to 

obtain cancer risk estimates. 

The exposure data and assumptions that underlie the residential handler cancer risk estimates can 

be referenced in the 11/2014 assessment and the 2012 Residential SOPs. The algorithms used to 

estimate the LADD and cancer risk for residential handlers can be found in Appendix D.

Summary of Residential Handler Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: Residential handler cancer risks (inhalation and dermal 

combined) estimated for TCVP dusts/powders range from 10-8to 10-7, and for pump/trigger 

sprays range from 10-9to 10-8. 

Pet Collars: For the TCVP pet collars, residential handler cancer risks were estimated with use 

of liquid- and dust-specific UE data as was done for the non-cancer assessment. With use of the 

liquid-specific UE data, residential handler cancer risks estimated for the TCVP pet collar are 

all 10-8, and with use of the dust-specific UE data cancer risks are all 10-7. 

A summary of residential handler cancer exposures and risks is presented in Appendix F. 

5.2 Residential Post-application Exposure/Risk Estimates

There is the potential for post-application exposure for individuals exposed as a result of 

contacting a cat/dog previously treated with TCVP pet products (dusts/powders, pump/trigger 

sprays, pet collars). The quantitative exposure/risk assessment for residential post-application 

exposures is based on the following scenarios: 

1) Post-application dermal (adults and children 1 to < 2 years old) exposure from contacting cats 

and dogs treated with TCVP; and 

2) Post-application incidental oral (hand-to-mouth) exposure (children 1 to < 2 years olds only) 

from contacting cats and dogs treated with TCVP.

A quantitative residential post-application inhalation exposure assessment was not performed as 

inhalation exposure is expected to be negligible from applications to pets. However, an 

inhalation exposure assessment was performed for pet handlers (i.e., veterinarians, veterinary 

assistants, and groomers) and this exposure scenario should be considered protective of any 

potential low-level post-application inhalation exposure that could result from these types of 

applications.
Page 21 of 124

The lifestages selected for each post-application scenario (i.e., adults and children 1 to < 2 years 

old) are based on an analysis provided as an Appendix and the 2012 Residential SOPs13. While 

not the only lifestage potentially exposed for these post-application scenarios, the lifestage that is 

included in the quantitative assessment is health protective for the exposures and risk estimates 

for any other potentially exposed lifestage.

Residential Non-Cancer Post-Application Exposure Data and Assumptions

A series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the basis for completing the residential 

cancer post-application risk assessment. The exposure data and assumptions that underlie the 

residential non-cancer post-application risk estimates can be referenced in the 11/2014 

assessment and the 2012 Residential SOPs. 

Several inputs and assumptions that underlie the residential post-application risk 

assessment of TCVP pet products are addressed by EPA in the responses to NRDC’s 

August 5, 2015 Opening Brief14, including: the default transferable residue of 2%; use of 

the Davis study; TCVP pet collar product formulation type; daily exposure time spent in 

contact with TCVP treated pets; indirect hand-to-mouth activity; and the application of 

transferable residue data in EPA’s risk assessment algorithms. 

Residue Transfer Assumptions: Surrogate and chemical-specific residue transfer studies were 

used for assessment of post-application exposures from registered TCVP pet products. 

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: A TCVP powder and pump spray study (MRID 

45485501) was used. A summary and discussion of the use of these data was included in the 

2014 residential risk assessment. As described in the 2014 residential risk assessment, the TCVP 

powder and pump spray post-application exposure study was not conducted in a manner 

reflective of current standards that require a defined stroking procedure and greater number of 

petting simulations. In order to account for this difference, the Agency used the maximum 

observed percent residue transfer on the day of product application (Day 0) for both formulations 

for exposure and risk quantification. Typically, the Agency assesses post-application risk with 

use of the mean percent residue transfer measured on Day 0; the use of the maximum value 

results in a more health protective risk assessment. Even though the post-application exposure 

study methods have evolved, the TCVP study employed a rigorous collection method and is not 

anticipated to underestimate exposure.

The 2012 Residential SOPs: Treated Pets recommends assessment of post-application exposures 

using day of application (i.e., Day 0) residue transfer -- defined as fraction application rate (FAR) 

in the 2012 SOPs. Day of application (Day 0) percent residue transfer values used in the 2014 

residential risk assessment for exposure/risk quantification of dusts/powders and pump/triggers 

 

13 Available: http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/standard-operating-proceduresresidential-pesticide

14 W. Britton, Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): Responses to Arguments Presented in the Natural Resources 

Defense Council, Inc.’s (NRDC) Aug. 5, 2015 Opening Brief in NRDC v. EPA, Case No. 15-70025 (9th

Cir.). 12/21/15, D430589..
Page 22 of 124

sprays are as follows: dusts/powders, 0.048% (maximum observed) and pump sprays, 0.81% 

(maximum observed). 

Pet Collars: For pet collars, data from two residue transfer studies were used for estimating 

exposures to the TCVP collar uses: an amitraz pet collar residue transfer study (MRID 

49468801) and a literature study using TCVP pet collars (Davis, M., 2008). 

Subsequent to the completion of the 2014 residential risk assessment, an amitraz pet collar 

residue transfer study was submitted to EPA. A propoxur pet collar was used for assessment of 

post-application risks from TCVP pet collars in the 2014 residential risk assessment. Based on 

the review of the amitraz pet collar study15, it was determined that the mean Day 0 residue 

transfer resulting from the amitraz pet collar, 0.14%, exceeds the mean residue transfer measured 

on Day 0 from the propoxur pet collar, 0.072%. As a result, HED has updated the risk estimates 

for exposures resulting from contact with a TCVP pet collar-treated pet. The NRDC argument 

relating to the use of pet collar residue transfer data and the associated EPA response can 

be found in D430589, EPA response #2.

16

As described in the 2014 residential risk assessment, for purpose of quantification of estimated 

TCVP post-application cancer exposures/risks, HED has used the mean percent residue transfer 

of all days sampled to best represent the assumption of 180 days exposure per year. The mean 

residue transfer of all days sampled in the amitraz pet collar exposure study, 0.047% (over 28 

days), also exceeds the mean residue transfer of all days sampled in the propoxur study, 0.013% 

(over 28 days). For the post-application cancer assessment, HED assumes that 0.047% residue 

transfer may occur over an adult exposure period of 180 days per year. 

The Davis study was used in addition to the amitraz study to assess non-cancer and cancer postapplication risks following contact with TCVP pet collar treated pets. The study measured 

exposures by means of petting/rubbing TCVP pet collar treated dogs with a cotton gloved hand, 

t-shirts worn by children, urinary biomonitoring of adults and children exposed to the treated 

dogs, as well as monitoring of plasma ChE levels of the treated dogs. The NRDC argument 

relating to the use of the Davis study and the associated EPA response can be found in 

D430589, EPA response #3.

A summary of both the amitraz pet collar residue transfer is presented below, as well as a 

summary of the Davis study and a description of how these data have been used for risk 

quantitation. Table 5.3 below presents the summary of amitraz post-application percent residue 

transfer. 

 

15 A. Gavelek. Amitraz: Data Evaluation Record for the Study “Determination of Transferable Residues of Amitraz 

from the Hair of Dogs Following the Application of the Preventic® Collar. D424229. 9/30/2015.

16 W. Britton, Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): Responses to Arguments Presented in the Natural Resources 

Defense Council, Inc.’s (NRDC) Aug. 5, 2015 Opening Brief in NRDC v. EPA, Case No. 15-70025 (9th

Cir.). 12/21/15, D430589.
Page 23 of 124

MRID 49468801: Determination of Transferable Residues of Amitraz from the Hair of 

Dogs Following the Application of the Preventic® Collar.

The purpose of the study was to measure the transferability of the test substance from the hair of 

a dog wearing an amitraz impregnated collar. Each collar contained 9% amitraz (wt/wt). The 

collars are typically applied to dogs by securing the collar around the dog’s neck and cutting off 

any excess collar length. 

A total of 15 dogs were used in the study (all test dogs and no control dogs). Amitraz residues 

found on cotton gloves were measured after 20 petting simulations to treated dogs. Each 

simulation consisted of three strokes (60 strokes total) conducted using a mannequin hand fitted 

with cotton gloves over top of a nitrile glove. For the pre-application sampling interval, three 

cotton gloves were placed over the nitrile glove and for the post-application simulations, five 

cotton gloves covered the nitrile glove. After the petting simulations were complete, the gloves 

were removed individually from the mannequin hand, and the nitrile gloves were discarded. 

Amitraz residues were extracted from the cotton gloves. Samples were collected from each dog 

at the following intervals: prior to treatment, at 4 hours after treatment and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 

28 days after treatment. 

Fortifications were prepared at the Day 14 and on the Day 28 sampling intervals. Field 

fortification samples were prepared by fortifying gloves at levels which approximated residue 

transfer rates of 0.001% (10 μg/glove), 0.1% (1,000 μg/glove), and 1.0% (10,000 μg/glove) of 

the applied dose to the dog. All individual recoveries were within the acceptable range of 70 to 

120%. When residues were reported as less than the LOD (0.005 μg/glove) or LOQ (0.05 

μg/glove), these results are reported as 1⁄2 LOD or 1⁄2 LOQ, as appropriate. 

Average total 5 glove residue for each sampling interval showed that maximum residues 

occurred four hours after application of the collars at 1,954 μg/gloves (0.14% of applied dose 

and 0.395 μg/cm2 surface area of dog). Residues declined steadily to 306 μg/gloves (0.02% of 

applied dose and 0.06 μg/cm2 surface area of dog) on Day 4 after application before rising 

slightly on Day 7. Residues then declined to 128 μg/gloves (0.01% of applied dose and 0.026 

μg/cm2 surface area of dog) by Day 28 after application. 

Table 5.2. Summary of Amitraz Residue Transferred from Cotton Gloves Following 20 Petting 

Simulations to Treated Dogs

Total Residue % of applied dose 

transferreda

Interval

μg/gloves μg/cm2 body surface area of 

dog

Average Standard 

Deviation Average Standard Deviation Average Standard Deviation

4 hours 1954 815 0.395 0.163 0.144 0.057

1 day 902 470 0.178 0.082 0.066 0.031

2 days 443 223 0.088 0.039 0.032 0.015

4 days 306 188 0.060 0.034 0.022 0.013

7 days 434 277 0.085 0.050 0.032 0.019
Page 24 of 124

Table 5.2. Summary of Amitraz Residue Transferred from Cotton Gloves Following 20 Petting 

Simulations to Treated Dogs

Total Residue % of applied dose 

transferreda

Interval

μg/gloves μg/cm2 body surface area of 

dog

Average Standard 

Deviation Average Standard Deviation Average Standard Deviation

14 days 283 173 0.056 0.032 0.021 0.012

28 days 128 85.7 0.026 0.017 0.009 0.007

Note: Totals represent sum of five cotton gloves.

a % of applied dose transferred = total μg ai in all gloves of one dog / μg ai applied to the dog.

Davis Study - Davis, M., et al. Assessing Intermittent Pesticide Exposure from Flea Control 

Collars Containing the Organophosphorus Insecticide Tetrachlorvinphos. Journal of 

Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. (2008) 18, 564-570).

The journal article, Davis et al., 2008, was conducted with the purpose of investigating the 

exposures to TCVP that could occur in children and adults from the use of a TCVP-containing 

collar on pet dogs. A single product was tested, Hartz Mountain Ultimate Flea Collar, which is 

composed of 14.55% TCVP. Two separate studies were conducted with the test product as a part 

of the journal article. Both were conducted in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, with volunteer 

households having pet dogs. 

Study 1: The first study was longer, about 4 months (112 days), and evaluated to determine the 

time course of TCVP residue peak and dissipation from transfer to white cotton gloves used to 

rub, or pet, the dogs’ fur. Twenty three dogs of different breeds and weights were treated with 

the TCVP flea collar in study 1. Dogs were petted by volunteers continuously for a 5 minute 

period with use of cotton glove in following with a defined rubbing protocol. Although not 

described in the article, it was deduced that the rubbing protocol was repeated for each 

dog/volunteer to result in a measure of transferable residue 1) from the fur of the neck (rubbing 

over the collar) 2) from the fur of the neck (with the collar removed) and 3) along the back in the 

tail region. Study 1 also analyzed plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity from blood samples 

taken from each dog at the same time as the rubbing samples. Pre-collar and post-collar 

application samples were collected for the evaluation of residue transfer to gloves and the dogs 

blood ChE activity. 

Significant increases in transferable TCVP residues were observed from cotton gloves used to 

pet dogs compare to pretreatment concentrations. In study 1, transferable residues from all three 

sampling locations decreased (86% decline) throughout the 112 days following a peak at day 7 

post-collar application, 24,000 ± 4,000 μg/glove over the collar. Similar trends were also 

observed in detectable residues around the neck without the collar in place and in the tail region 

where there were 94% and 71% decreases, respectively. Mean glove residues for all sampling 

times were 14,300 μg/glove over the collar, 4,300 μg/glove on the neck with the collar removed, 

and 130 μg/glove in the tail region. No significant changes in dog plasma ChE
Page 25 of 124

Study 2: The second, subsequent study was conducted on the basis that results from study 1 

indicated that TCVP residues peaked and then suddenly dropped within 3 weeks of collar 

placement. Therefore, the second study was conducted over a 3 week (21 days) period, and 

included human biomonitoring of the TCVP metabolite, 2,4,5-trichloromandelic acid (TCMA), 

in urine of adults and children. The second study also measured TCVP residues as transferred 

from treated dogs to cotton t-shirts worn by children, as well as those transferred to cotton gloves 

from petting the dogs’ fur. Pre- and post-collar samples were collected for the residue collection 

by glove, t-shirt, and the biomonitoring phase of study 2. 

In study 2, TCVP residues obtained over the collar and around the neck without the collar in 

place decreased (30% decline) from 5 to 12 days post-collar application, while residues obtained 

from the tail region remained fairly constant (81 μg/glove at 5 days and 82 μg/glove at 12 days). 

The peak transferable residues collected over the collar at 5 days post-collar application were of 

a similar magnitude to those observed in study 1. Mean residues (for all gloves analyzed) postcollar application were 19,000 μg/glove over the collar, 8,000 μg/glove on the neck with the 

collar removed, and 80 μg/glove in the tail region. 

The average amount of TCVP residues detected on children’s t-shirts on sampling days 7-11 

post-collar application was 1.8 ± 0.8 μg/shirt, with no significant differences among the 

sampling days. Transferable residues were significantly greater than the mean pre-treatment 

residue of 0.03 ± 0.006 μg/shirt. 

Urine samples collected from children generally contained more urinary TCMA than that from 

the adults with significant differences between the ages occurring on only 1 of the 5 sampling 

days (day 11). No significant differences in urinary TCMA concentrations were observed among 

the adults or among the children throughout the study. The ranges of TCMA concentrations 

were large; 1.4 - 582 ng/ml urine for adults, and 2.1 - 1,558 ng/ml urine in children. The urinary 

TCMA concentrations were all adjusted for creatinine content; however, there were no 

differences in outcomes and, as a result, reported values were unadjusted. 

No significant correlations were identified among t-shirt TCVP residues, the amount of time 

spent with treated dogs, and urinary TCMA concentrations. 

Use of the Davis Study: For the purpose of non-cancer and cancer post-application risk 

assessment, only the results of the pet fur transferable residue collection (petting/rubbing with a 

gloved cotton hand) were used. This collection method is the Agency standard for determining

the residues that can transfer from a treated animal to an exposed individual, referred to as the 

fraction of application rate (FAR) transferred. The petting/rubbing method used in the study is 

not conducted based entirely upon the current Agency guidance for studies of this type; however, 

the method is relevant for the time at which it was conducted, and has been deemed adequate for 

risk quantitation. Transferable residue petting/rubbing samples were collected 1) from the fur of 

the neck (rubbing over the collar) 2) from the fur of the neck (with the collar removed) and 3) 

along the back in the tail region. The FAR value was determined by dividing the sum of the 

residues measured from the fur over the collar and from the back in the tail region by the amount 

of active ingredient in the pet collar (as reported in the Davis study), 4,800 mg. The transferable 

residue measures from the fur of the neck with the collar removed was not summed with the 
Page 26 of 124

other measures since the collection or residues under the collar is inconsistent with the current 

guidance for pet fur transfer residue studies which requires petting to occur over the pet collar 

assuming that the pet collar is secured in place as directed by product labeling. 

The FAR used for non-cancer post-application risk assessment, 0.0040 (0.4%) is based on the 

mean residues (12 days) reported from study 2 [where (19 mg + 0.08 mg)/ 4,800 mg = 0.0040]. 

These data result in a more stringent risk assessment than with use of the surrogate (amitraz) pet 

collar residue transfer data. The percent residue transfer resulting from the Davis study, 0.4%, is 

greater than that estimated with use of the amitraz pet collar study, 0.14% (day 0 - highest mean 

day sampled) and, as a result, a greater potential for post-application risks. For the assessment of 

cancer post-application risks, longer-term residue transfer values were used to best represent the 

assumption of 180 days/year exposure for cancer assessment. The percent residue transfer 

resulting from use of the Davis study (study 1 - 112 day mean), 0.3%, is greater than that 

estimated with use of the amitraz pet collar study (28 day mean), 0.047%. 

As described in D430589 (response #317), until such time the Davis study has undergone HSRB 

review, post-application risk estimates for exposure to pet collar treated pets are considered to be 

preliminary. Therefore, non-cancer and cancer risk estimates have been presented with use of 

both the amitraz residue transfer study and the Davis study. 

Residential Non-Cancer Post-application Exposure and Risk Equations

The algorithms used to estimate non-cancer exposure and dose for residential post-application 

can be found in Appendix D and the 2012 Residential SOPs. 

Summary of Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: For children (child 1 to < 2 years old), residential postapplication non-cancer incidental oral (hand-to-mouth) exposures to pets treated with TCVP 

pump/trigger sprays are not of concern (i.e., MOEs are > 1,000; LOC=1000). However, child 

incidental oral (hand-to-mouth) exposures to pets treated with TCVP dust/powder products are 

estimated to be of concern for 14 of 17 total exposure scenarios assessed (i.e., MOEs are < 

1,000; LOC=1000). 

Pet Collars:

Liquid formulation/Amitraz study assumption: Post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 

risk estimates are not of concern (i.e., MOEs are > 1,000; LOC=1000). 

Liquid formulation/Davis study assumption: One of the 23 scenarios assessed (EPA Reg. No. 

2596-139; exposures to a small sized dog) for post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 

risk is of concern (MOE = 650; LOC=1000). 

 

17 W. Britton, Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): Responses to Arguments Presented in the Natural Resources 

Defense Council, Inc.’s (NRDC) Aug. 5, 2015 Opening Brief in NRDC v. EPA, Case No. 15-70025 (9th

Cir.). 12/21/15, D430589.
Page 27 of 124

Dust formulation/Amitraz study assumption: Post-application child non-cancer incidental oral 

risk estimates are of concern for all of the TCVP pet collar exposure scenarios assessed (i.e., 

MOEs are < 1,000; LOC=1000). 

Dust formulation/Davis study assumption: Quantitative assessments were not performed 

assuming collars are dust formulations and using the Davis study since the mean residue transfer 

measured in the Davis study was greater than that in the amitraz study; therefore, postapplication exposures from TCVP pet collars would be greater, and MOEs lower, when using the 

Davis study than those resulting from using the amitraz study (which are of concern for 

children).

A summary of residential post-application exposures and risks from TCVP pet products is 

presented in Appendix G. The combined MOE approach was used because the dermal and 

incidental oral routes of exposure have the same toxic effect and LOC.

Residential Cancer Post-Application Exposure Data and Assumptions

A series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the basis for completing the residential 

cancer post-application risk assessment. All exposure data and assumptions that underlie the 

residential post-application cancer risk estimates can be referenced in the 11/2014 assessment. 

Note: For purpose of quantification of estimated TCVP post-application cancer risks, HED used 

average percent residue transfer data for all days sampled from chemical-specific exposure data 

for all pet formulation assessed. 

Residential Cancer Post-application Exposure and Risk Estimate Equations

As was done for residential handlers, cancer post-application risk estimates for adults were 

calculated using a linear low-dose extrapolation approach in which a LADD is first calculated 

and then compared with a Q1* that has been calculated for TCVP based on dose response data in 

the appropriate toxicology study (Q1* = 1.83 x 10-3(mg/kg/day)-1). The algorithms used to 

estimate the LADD and cancer risk for residential post-application exposure can be found in 

Appendix D. 

It should be noted that in the past, cancer risk assessments have assumed that children are no 

more sensitive than adults to carcinogens (i.e., no adjustment was made to children's exposure 

estimates in calculating a cumulative lifetime exposure). More recently, the Agency's 

"Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment" (USEPA, 2005) and “Supplemental Guidance for 

Assessing Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens” (USEPA, 2005) proposed 

age-dependent adjustment factors to be applied to children's exposure. These age-dependent 

factors are applied only to carcinogens shown to have a mutagenic mode of action. In general, 

most carcinogenic pesticides have not been shown to act through a mutagenic mode of action, 

and thus separate assessment of children and adults is not warranted. Any pesticide found to be a 

carcinogen acting through a mutagenic mode of action should be dealt with on a case by case 

basis, and such an assessment should follow the Agency’s 2005 guidance. The mutagenicity 

database for TCVP suggests that this chemical is not mutagenic in both the gene mutation assay 

and primary rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis assay and, therefore, only adult cancer 

risk estimates have been estimated. 
Page 28 of 124

Summary of Residential Post-application Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray: Residential post-application cancer (adult only) risks 

estimated for TCVP pump/trigger sprays range from 10-7to 10-6and, for TCVP dust/powder 

products estimated cancer risks are 10-7. 

Pet Collars:

Liquid formulation/Amitraz study assumption: Estimated adult post-application cancer risks 

range from 10-7 to 10-6. 

Liquid formulation/Davis study assumption: Estimated adult post-application cancer risks range 

from 10-6to 10-5. 

Dust formulation/Amitraz study assumption: All estimated adult post-application cancer risks 

are estimated to be 10-5. 

 

Dust formulation/Davis study assumption: A quantitative post-application cancer assessment 

was not performed using the Davis study and assuming the collars are dust formulations since 

the mean residue transfer measured in the Davis study was greater than that in the amitraz study. 

Cancer risk estimates would be greater using (increased risk) the Davis study than when using 

the amitraz study.

Adult residential post-application dermal cancer risk estimates are presented in Appendix H. 

5.3 Residential Risk Estimates for Use in Aggregate Assessment

All residential non-cancer and cancer residential handler and post-application risks assessed 

herein have been considered for the aggregate assessment (D. Drew. D411095; Sections 6.1 and 

6.2).

18

 

5.4 Spray Drift

A quantitative spray drift assessment was not conducted because the use of TCVP for direct 

animal treatment to livestock and their premises, in kennels, outdoors as a perimeter treatment, 

and as a flea treatment on cats and dogs are either 1) not applied via aircraft, groundboom, or 

airblast equipment or 2) for applications to poultry buildings with groundboom equipment, the 

use is indoors and not anticipated to be a significant source of spray drift. 

5.5 Residential Bystander Post-Application Inhalation Exposure

A quantitative residential post-application inhalation exposure assessment was not performed as 

inhalation exposure is expected to be negligible from applications to pets. However, an 

inhalation exposure assessment was performed for handlers (i.e., veterinarians, veterinary 

 

18 D. Drew. Tetrachlorvinphos Human Health Draft Risk Assessment for Registration Review. D411095. 

12/21/2015.
Page 29 of 124

assistants, and groomers) and this exposure scenario should be considered protective of any 

potential low-level post-application inhalation exposure that could result from these types of 

applications.

6.0 Occupational Exposure and Risk Estimates

6.1 Occupational Handler Exposure/Risk Estimates

HED uses the term handlers to describe those individuals who are involved in the pesticide 

application process. HED believes that there are distinct job functions or tasks related to 

applications and exposures can vary depending on the specifics of each task. Job requirements 

(amount of chemical used in each application), the kinds of equipment used, the target being 

treated, and the level of protection used by a handler can cause exposure levels to differ in a 

manner specific to each application event. 

Based on the anticipated use patterns and current labeling, types of equipment and techniques 

that can potentially be used, occupational handler exposure is expected from the proposed uses. 

The quantitative exposure/risk assessment developed for occupational handlers is based on the 

following scenarios: 

Mixer/Loaders:

(1a) Liquid: Groundboom Applications

(1c) Liquid: Paint Applications

(2a) Wettable Powder: Groundboom Applications

(2b) Wettable Powder: Handheld Fogger Applications

(2c) Wettable Powder: Stationary Fogger Applications

(2d) Wettable Powder: Paint Applications 

(3a) Dust: Paint Applications

Applicators:

(4) Groundboom Applications

(5) Open Pour Liquid Additive for Feed Through 

(6a) RTU Pet Collar - Liquid Formulation

(6b) RTU Pet Collar - Dust Formulation

(7) RTU Dust/Powder – Pets

(8) RTU Pump/Trigger Sprays - Pets

Mixer/Loader/Applicators:

(9a) Liquid: Backpack Sprayer

(9b) Liquid: Manually-Pressurized Handwand

(9c) Liquid: Mechanically-Pressurized Handgun

(9d) Liquid: Backrubber or Facerubber 

(10a) Wettable Powder: Backpack Sprayer
Page 30 of 124

(10b) Wettable Powder: Manually-Pressurized Handwand

(10c) Wettable Powder: Mechanically-Pressurized Handgun

(10d) Wettable Powder: Handheld Fogger

(10e) Wettable Powder: Stationary Fogger

(10f) Wettable Powder: Rotary Duster

(10g) Wettable Powder: Plunger Duster

(11a) Dust: Self-Treating Dust Bag

(11b) Dust: Shaker Can 

(11c) Dust: Rotary Duster

(11d) Dust: Plunger Duster

(12a) Paint: Brush or Roller

(12b) Paint: Airless Sprayer

(13) Solid Feed Additive for Feed Through: Cup

Occupational Handler Exposure Data and Assumptions

A series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the basis for completing the occupational 

handler risk assessments. Each assumption and factor is detailed below on an individual basis.

Application rate: A summary of all TCVP occupational use sites and application rates is 

presented in Appendix C.

Unit Exposures: It is the policy of HED to use the best available data to assess handler exposure. 

Sources of generic handler data, used as surrogate data in the absence of chemical-specific data, 

include PHED 1.1, the AHETF database, the Outdoor Residential Exposure Task Force 

(ORETF) database, or other registrant-submitted occupational exposure studies. Some of these 

data are proprietary (e.g., AHETF data), and subject to the data protection provisions of FIFRA. 

The standard values recommended for use in predicting handler exposure that are used in this 

assessment, known as “unit exposures”, are outlined in the “Occupational Pesticide Handler Unit 

Exposure Surrogate Reference Table19”, which, along with additional information on HED 

policy on use of surrogate data, including descriptions of the various sources, can be found at the 

Agency website20. 

A single chemical-specific exposure study, Monitoring Exposure of Mixer/Loaders and 

Applicators Treating Agricultural Premises with Tetrachlorvinphos (Rabon® 50 WP Insecticide) 

in Handheld Wand-Type Sprayers, was used as appropriate (i.e., exposure scenario 10c, mix/load

and apply WP with high pressure handwand) in the most recently occupational risk assessment 

for TCVP.21 Per the prior risk assessment, risks for the exposure scenario were estimated with 

use of the chemical-specific exposure data as well as surrogate PHED data. 

The PHED data recommended for the exposure scenario uses unit exposure values (dermal and 

inhalation) that represent an individual conducting all activities, mixing/loading/applying, for use 

of the WP product by high pressure handwand. In contrast, the chemical-specific exposure study 

 

19 Available: http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/science/handler-exposure-table.pdf

20 Available: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/handler-exposure-data.html

21 J. Dawson. Tetrachlorvinphos: Further Revisions to Occupational Risk Assessment for Uses in the Poultry and 

Cattle Production Industries. 3/28/2002. D281972.
Page 31 of 124

was conducted in a manner which separated out the mixing/loading and application components 

of the exposure scenario. Exposure scenario 10c has been assessed and estimated risks presented 

separately (i.e., mixer/loader and applicator) with use of the chemical-specific data, and for all 

activities with use of PHED. When applied, the dermal and inhalation unit exposures resulting 

for product application result in risk estimates that are very similar to risk estimates using the 

PHED data. Non-cancer and cancer private/farmer and contract/commercial occupational handler 

risk estimates for exposure scenario 10c are presented separately from the risk summaries for all 

other occupational handler exposure scenarios in Appendix I: Table I.2 and Appendix J: Tables 

J.2 and J.4, respectively. 

The following summarizes the chemical-specific exposure study:

MRID 42622301: The purpose of this study was to monitor the dermal and inhalation exposures 

of workers to TCVP while mixing/loading or applying Rabon® 50 WP insecticide by handheld 

wand-type spreaders to the interior of poultry rearing houses. Four workers were monitored at 2 

sites near Seaford, DE. Each worker was monitored for 4 replicates of mixing/loading and 4 

replicates of applying, resulting in a total of 32 monitoring units (MUs). Poultry facilities were 

sprayed using typical handheld wand-type spray equipment; Rabon® 50 WP was loaded using 

typical open-pour loading procedures. Workers mixed/loaded 4 sequential replicates in which 

each worker did 2 replicates of a pre-mix slurry method (i.e., product was emptied into buckets 

and mixed to form a slurry then poured and rinsed into a tank) and 2 replicates of open-pour 

mixing/loading (i.e., pouring WP from bags directly into the tank hatch). Workers then sprayed 

4 replicates subsequent to each batch mixed/loaded. 

Workers wore either 100% cotton or 65% polyester/35% cotton coveralls, socks, shoes, and 

baseball caps with visors. PPE worn during mixing/loading and applying included neoprene 

gloves and rubber boots. Dermal exposure to the body was estimated from 100% cotton onepiece long underwear “union suits” union suits worn under each worker’s work clothing. Dermal 

exposure to the head/face and the front and back of neck was estimated with use of 100% cotton 

fabric dosimeters folded in an aluminum foil frame taped onto the worker’s cap, outer clothing 

just to the left/right of center of the chest, and the back of the neck. Hand exposures were 

estimated by use of a 1:1 isopropanol and distilled water wash. Airborne concentrations of 

TCVP were collected with use of personal air pumps affixed with inhalation monitoring tubes. 

Measured residues in passive dosimetry matrices were adjusted for mean recoveries of TCVP. 

Table 6.1 below presents a summary of the arithmetic mean dermal and inhalation exposures 

from the 16 MUs of mixing/loading and 16 MUs of applying Rabon® 50 W, and for 8 replicates 

each of the two mixing methods: pre-mix slurry and open-pour mixing/loading. 

Table 6.1 Summary of Mean Dermal and Inhalation TCVP Exposures for Mixer/Loaders and 

Applicators of TCVP from Rabon® 50 WP

Mixer/Loaders; 16 MUs

(μg/ lb ai)

Applicators; 16 MUs

(μg/ lb ai)

Dermal 373 901

Inhalation 30 7.0
Page 32 of 124

In some cases, due to the lack of data for an exposure scenario or the unique nature of the 

scenario, surrogate exposure data were used as follows: 

 Exposure data for the loading/application of dust formulations were used as a surrogate 

for the loading/application of wettable powders for rotary and plunger duster applications

(10f, 10g). For exposure scenario 10f, exposure data for plunger dusters were used due to 

the lack of data for the rotary duster application method. 

 Unlike more typical exposure scenarios where a RTU paint is only loaded or applied, for 

TCVP the paint must be mixed/loaded for the liquid (1b), wettable powder (2d), and dust 

(3a) formulations. These exposure scenarios were assessed using the exposure data 

appropriate for mixing/loading for each formulation. 

 The mixing/loading of wettable powders for handheld/stationary fogger (2b, 2c) was 

assessed; however, no exposure data are available for the assessment of application with 

these equipment types. 

 For TCVP applications to livestock with a dust formulation via shaker can, a RTU 

product is not available; therefore, exposures from the mixing/loading of the shaker can 

must be assessed in addition to the application. As a result, the exposure data for the 

loading/application via a RTU shaker can was used for the assessment of all scenarios 

relating to the use. The use of these data results in a more protective assessment than 

would be if the mixing/loading of the dust were assessed separately. 

 Exposures from the application of feed (salt or mineral) blocks in livestock – typically, 5 

– 15 per head of cattle or horses – is assumed to be negligible if gloves are worn when 

placing the blocks. Further, for these products the greater majority of the active 

ingredient is contained within the block, thus further reducing the exposure potential. 

Area Treated or Amount Handled: The following inputs are consistent with those used in the 

most recently conducted occupational risk assessment for TCVP and, for those inputs relating to 

the poultry industry, are reflective of research conducted by BEAD at that time. 

 Groundboom: 100,000 square feet for applications to poultry buildings

 Backpack and manually pressurized handwand: 20,000 square feet for applications to 

poultry buildings

 Mechanically pressurized handwand: 100,000 square feet for applications to poultry 

buildings

 Backpack, handheld/stationary fogger, manually pressurized handwand, mechanically 

pressurized handwand, rotary spreader: 20,000 birds for direct application to poultry

(i.e., approximately 1 square foot/bird)

 Backrubber/facerubber: 50 gallons

 Paint applications: 2 gallons

The following inputs are based on either the most recently conducted permethrin occupational 

and residential exposure and risk assessment for similar use patterns22 or best professional 

judgment of product usage:

 

22 C. Smith. Permethrin: Third Revision of the Occupational and Residential Exposure Assessment for the 

Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document. 4/4/2006. D325428.
Page 33 of 124

 All handheld equipment: 400 animals treated daily

 Handheld/stationary fogger: 100,000 square feet to poultry buildings

 Plunger, shaker can, spoon: 1,000 birds or 1,000 square feet

 Pet collar, pump/trigger spray, and shaker can applications: 8 animals treated daily

 Self-treating dust bags: 10 filled daily (assuming a 12.5 lb dust bag)

The following inputs are consistent with EPA regulatory definitions for large concentrated 

animal feeding operations (CAFOs)23. The inputs assume that a single individual is responsible 

for the food preparation for the entire CAFO and applies the TCVP feed-through products to the 

animal feed.

 Cup, pour on: 1,000 cows, 500 horses, and 6,250 pigs for liquid and solid feed-through 

applications. The number of cows and horses represents the maximum identified for 

large CAFO operations. The number of pigs was estimated by averaging the maximum 

number weighing over 55 lbs (2,500) and less than 55 lbs (10,000) in large CAFO 

operations. 

Exposure Duration: Occupational handler exposure is expected to be short- and intermediateterm in duration. Because of the steady state AChE inhibition exhibited by the OPs, steady state 

exposures (21 days and longer) were assessed and presented for occupational exposures to TCVP

products.

Mitigation/Personal Protective Equipment: Estimates of non-cancer inhalation exposure were 

calculated for various levels of PPE (i.e., respiratory protection). Results are presented for no

respirator, PF5 respirator, PF10 respirator, or EC. 

The PPE required for occupational use of TCVP varies by formulation type. The respiratory 

protection required for the occupational handing of TCVP can, at times, differ from label to label 

with consideration of the same formulation and exposure scenario. Occupational handler 

exposures are expected from use of TCVP on pets by veterinarians, veterinary assistants, and 

groomers. The pet use formulations include collars, dusts/powders, and pump and trigger sprays. 

All but one of the TCVP pet product labels do not require PPE, as these are intended for 

residential sale as well as for occupational use. A summary of PPE required for all TCVP 

products is presented in Appendix C.

Days per Year of Exposure: To assess cancer risk, it is assumed that private growers would be 

exposed 10 days per year and commercial applicators would be exposed 30 days per year. The 

term “private grower” means that the grower or one of the workers would apply the pesticides to 

land owned or operated by the grower. Commercial applicators means the applicators are 

completing multiple applications for multiple clients.

Years per Lifetime of Exposure: It is assumed that handlers would be exposed for 35 years out of 

a 78 year lifespan.

 

23 http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/sector_table.pdf
Page 34 of 124

Lifetime Expectancy: Life expectancy values are from the Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 

Edition Table 18-1 (U.S. EPA, 2011). The table shows that the overall life expectancy is 78 

years based on life expectancy data from 2007. In 2007, the average life expectancy for males 

was 75 years and 80 years for females. Based on the available data, the recommended value for 

use in cancer risk assessments is 78 years. 

Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimate Equations

The algorithms used to estimate non-cancer exposure and dose for occupational handlers can be 

found in Appendix D.

Combining Exposures/Risk Estimates

Although occupational dermal and inhalation exposures are anticipated for TCVP, risks have 

been estimated for inhalation exposures only due to the lack of dermal hazard. Therefore, no 

combined occupational exposures/risk estimates have been quantified. 

Summary of Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates

Of the 172 total occupational handler exposure scenarios assessed, the majority (152) are not of 

concern (i.e., steady state inhalation MOEs are ≥ 300) with currently required personal protective 

equipment (PPE) (i.e., respiratory protection). Of the remaining 20 handler exposure scenarios, 

an additional 16 are not of concern with consideration of increasing levels of respiratory 

protection (i.e., four occupational handler exposure scenarios result in estimated risks of concern 

despite the addition of respiratory protection or engineering controls). These four handler 

scenarios are all dust formulations (mixing/loading/applying TCVP by rotary duster, self-treating 

dust bag, or shaker can).

A summary of all non-cancer occupational handler exposure scenarios is presented in Appendix 

I. For risk management purposes, the currently labeled level of respiratory protection and EC 

has been identified (bolded) for each individual exposure scenario.

Occupational Handler Cancer Exposure and Risk Equations

Cancer risk estimates were calculated using a linear low-dose extrapolation approach in which an

LADD is first calculated and then compared with a Q1* that has been calculated for TCVP based 

on dose response data in the appropriate toxicology study (Q1* = 1.83 x 10-3(mg/kg/day)-1). 

ADD levels were used as the basis for calculating the LADD values. Dermal and inhalation 

ADD values were first added together to obtain combined ADD values. LADD values were then 

calculated and compared to the Q1* to obtain cancer risk estimates. The algorithms used to 

estimate the LADD and cancer risk for occupational handlers can be found in Appendix D.

Summary of Occupational Handler Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates

Occupational cancer risks were estimated for both private/farmer and contract/commercial 

handlers. Cancer risks range from 10-10 to 10-5for private/farmer handlers and from 10-10 to 10-4

for contract/commercial handlers with currently required PPE. 
Page 35 of 124

Unlike the occupational handler non-cancer risk estimates which were based only on inhalation

exposures, the occupational handler cancer risk estimates are quantified based on both dermal 

and inhalation exposures. This is because, despite the determination of the lack of dermal hazard 

for TCVP, dermal exposures from TCVP must be quantified for purpose of cancer risk 

assessment. As previously described, the PPE required for the occupational use of TCVP varies 

by formulation type. For example, for feed through (solid and liquid food additives) and feed 

blocks, occupational handlers are required to wear baseline clothing (i.e., long sleeved shirt, long 

pants, shoes and socks) and gloves. For all other end-use labels with livestock and outdoor 

perimeter uses, required PPE can vary dependent on the application type or equipment and can 

range from baseline clothing and gloves, to the addition of coveralls, or respiratory protection. 

A summary of occupational cancer risks as estimated at all levels of personal protection and with 

use of engineering controls is presented in Appendix J. Table J.1 presents cancer risks for 

private/farmer handlers and Table J.2 risks for contract/commercial handlers. For risk 

management purposes, the currently labeled level of respiratory protection and EC has been 

identified (bolded) for each individual exposure scenario.

6.2 Occupational Post-application Exposure/Risk Estimates

HED uses the term post-application to describe exposures that occur when individuals are 

present in an environment that has been previously treated with a pesticide (also referred to as reentry exposure). Such exposures may occur when workers enter previously treated areas to 

perform job functions, including activities related to crop production, such as scouting for pests 

or harvesting. Post-application exposure levels vary over time and depend on such things as the 

type of activity, the nature of the crop or target that was treated, the type of pesticide application, 

and the chemical’s degradation properties. 

Occupational post-application exposures are not anticipated for TCVP as the majority of use 

sites are not to foliar surfaces. The use of TCVP outdoors as a perimeter treatment is not 

expected to result in occupational post-application exposure as reentry activities related to crop 

production (e.g., scouting, harvesting) are not anticipated for this use pattern. 
Page 36 of 124

Appendix A: Summary of OPP’s ChE Policy & Use of BMD Modeling

OPP’s ChE policy (USEPA, 200024) describes the manner in which ChE data are used in human 

health risk assessment. The following text provides a brief summary of that document to provide 

context to points of departure selected. 

AChE can be inhibited in the central or peripheral nervous tissue. Measurements of AChE or 

cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in peripheral tissues (e.g., liver, diaphragm, heart, lung etc.) are 

rare. As such, experimental laboratory studies generally measure brain (central) and blood 

(plasma and red blood cell [RBC]) ChE. Blood measures do not represent the target tissue, per 

se, but are instead used as surrogate measures for peripheral toxicity in studies with laboratory 

animals or for peripheral and/or central toxicity in humans. In addition, RBC measures represent 

AChE, whereas plasma measures are predominately butyryl-ChE (BuChE). Thus, RBC AChE 

data may provide a better representation of the inhibition in target tissues. As part of the dose 

response assessment, evaluations of neurobehavior and clinical signs are performed to consider 

the dose response linkage between AChE inhibition and apical outcomes.

Refinements to OPP’s use of ChE data have come in the implementation of BMD approaches in 

dose response assessment. Beginning with the OP cumulative risk assessment (CRA), OPP has 

increased its use of BMD modeling to derive PoDs for AChE inhibiting compounds. Most often 

the decreasing exponential empirical model has been used. 

OPP does not have a defined benchmark response (BMR) for OPs. However, the 10% level has 

been used in the majority of dose response analyses conducted to date. This 10% level 

represents a 10% reduction in AChE activity (i.e., inhibition) compared to background (i.e., 

controls). Specifically, the BMD10 is the estimated dose where ChE is inhibited by 10% 

compared to background. The BMDL10 is the lower confidence bound on the BMD10. 

The use of the 10% BMR is derived from a combination of statistical and biological 

considerations. A power analysis was conducted by the ORD on over 100 brain AChE datasets 

across more than 25 OPs as part of the OP CRA (USEPA, 2002). This analysis demonstrated 

that 10% is a level that can be reliably measured in the majority of rat toxicity studies. In 

addition, the 10% level is generally at or near the limit of sensitivity for discerning a statistically 

significant decrease in ChE activity in the brain compartment and is a response level close to the 

background brain ChE level. With respect to biological considerations, a change in 10% brain 

AChE inhibition is protective for downstream clinical signs and apical neurotoxic outcomes. 

RBC AChE inhibition data tend to be more variable than brain AChE data. OPP begins its BMD 

analyses using the 10% BMR for RBC AChE inhibition. However, BMRs up to 20% could be 

considered on a case by case basis, as long as such PoDs are protective for brain AChE 

inhibition, potential peripheral inhibition, and clinical signs of neurotoxicity.

 

24 USEPA (2000) Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC 20460. 

August 18, 2000 Office of Pesticide Programs Science Policy of The Use of Data on Cholinesterase Inhibition

for Risk Assessments of Organophosphorous and Carbamate Pesticides.

http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/trac/science/cholin.pdf
Page 37 of 124

Appendix B: Results for BMD/BMDL modeling for TCVP 

BMD analyses were performed with EPA’s Benchmark Dose Software (Version 2.4) using an 

exponential model for continuous data25. The Hill model was also performed for some data sets, 

but did not result in the best fit for the data. The data selected for evaluation consisted of 

decreased brain and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase (ChE) activities. Data were analyzed 

from a 21-day oral toxicity study (MRID 45570601), a 13-week subchronic oral toxicity study 

(MRID 43371201), and a 2 year chronic oral toxicity study (MRID 42980901); a gestational 

comparative cholinesterase assay (CCA; MRID 48291101); and a 28-day inhalation toxicity 

study (MRID 48803501). All data from these studies were considered; however, some data were 

not amenable to BMD analysis. 

OPP has used the exponential model for modeling AChE activity for the OP and N-methyl 

carbamate cumulative risk assessments and with multiple single chemical risk assessments of 

ChE-inhibiting pesticides. Model runs for ChE activity were conducted with an appropriate 

benchmark response level (10%). As such the BMD10 (estimated dose to result in 10% change 

from background levels) and BMDL10 (the lower 95% confidence level on the BMD10) are 

provided in the output. Statistical (e.g., goodness of fit values) and graphical results were used in 

model evaluation. 

The results of the repeated oral and inhalation dosing BMD analyses are summarized below in 

Table B. Good model fit (p>0.1) was obtained for the majority of the analyses, with any 

exceptions being noted. 

For exposure to repeated doses the BMDL10 for ChE inhibition in the adult female RBCs were 

similar in the 13-week subchronic study and the 21-day oral toxicity study (8.0 mg/kg/day vs 6.7 

mg/kg/day, respectively). Although data from the shorter duration study resulted in a slightly 

lower BMDL, visual examination of the modeled data provided greater confidence in the 

13-week study. For inhalation exposure, the adult male was about twice as sensitive as the adult 

female (0.023 mg/L in males vs 0.050 mg/L in females).

Table B. Results of BMD Exponential Modeling for Brain and RBC ChE Data on TCVP, Repeated 

Oral Dosing Studies in Rats, Ranging in Duration from 21 days to 2 years.

TCVP Study Age/Sex Compartment

BMD Results

BMD10 BMDL10

MRID 43371201

13W Oral – 13 

Weeks

Adult Male Brain No dose response (analysis not performed)

Adult Female Brain No dose response

Adult Male RBC 61.6 mg/kg/day 26.3 mg/kg/day

Adult Female RBC 10.5 mg/kg/day 8.0 mg/kg/day

 

25 J. Bever. Tetrachlorvinphos: Benchmark Dose Analysis of Subchronic and Chronic Studies to Support Derivation 

of Points of Departure. 5/20/2014. TXR # 0056970. D420286.
Page 38 of 124

Table B. Results of BMD Exponential Modeling for Brain and RBC ChE Data on TCVP, Repeated 

Oral Dosing Studies in Rats, Ranging in Duration from 21 days to 2 years.

TCVP Study Age/Sex Compartment

BMD Results

BMD10 BMDL10

MRID 42980901

Chronic Oral Tox 

– 364, 539, and 

721 Days

Adult Female RBC No dose-response effect was observed at 364, 

539, or 721 days

MRID 45570601

21D Oral Tox –

21 Days

Adult Female

Brain 14.7 mg/kg/day 12.2 mg/kg/day

RBC 9.9 mg/kg/day 6.7 mg/kg/day

MRID 48803501

28D Inhalation –

28 Days

Adult Male RBC 0.122 mg/L 0.023 mg/L

Adult Female RBC 0.394 mg/L 0.050 mg/L

Appendix C – Summary of TCVP Labels and Use Directions
Page 39 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

Feed Through (Solid Additive)

270-164

Horse Oral 

Larvicide

Cup

1,100 lb horse: 0.0015

lb ai/animal/day

(2.468% ai)

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves

Feed to horses through top dress on 

grain or mixed with the horse’s total 

ration. 

300-500 lb horse: Feed 2/5 oz. per horse 

per day

500-700 lb horse: Feed 2/5 oz. per horse 

per day

700-900 lb horse: Feed 2/5 oz. per horse 

per day

900-1,100 lb horse: Feed 2/5 oz. per 

horse per day

For larger horses over 1,00 lbs. of body 

weight feed 1⁄4 oz. for each 250 lbs. 

270-165

1,100 lb horse: 

0.00077 

lb ai/animal/day 

(1.234% ai)

Feed the recommended dosage to each 

horse separately to make certain he 

receives the full portion. Feed to horses 

through top dress on grain or mixed 

with the horse’s total ration. 

300-500 lb horse: Feed 2/5 oz. per horse 

per day

500-700 lb horse: Feed 2/5 oz. per horse 

per day

700-900 lb horse: Feed 2/5 oz. per horse 

per day

900-1,100 lb horse: Feed 2/5 oz. per 

horse per day

For larger horses over 1,100 lbs. of 

body weight feed 1⁄4 oz. for each 250 

lbs.

7698-7

Beef Cattle 

Oral Larvicide

1,400 lb beef cow 

(estimated max): 

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day

Mix uniformly with cattle feeds 

following standard mixing procedures. 

Common feed mixing equipment (i.e., 

vertical mixers, horizontal blenders, 

mixer/feeder truck) may be used to 

prepare formulated feeds. Can be 

offered by force-feeding or free-choice 

feeding, but not both. 

Feed 1/3 lb per 100 lbs. per month, or 

an average daily intake of 70 mg daily. 

73600-4

Cattle and 

Horse Oral 

Larvicide

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day 

To prepare a larvicidal ration, mix 1.5 

lbs. of product per ton of complete 

mixed ration. Full feed this larvicidal 

ration to feeder cattle weighing from 

400 – 1,400 lbs or to dairy cattle at a 

rate sustaining milk production, but not 

less than 2.6 lbs of the ration per 100 lbs 

of body weight daily. 
Page 40 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

Product can also be mixed with 

concentrate feeds that will provide 792 

mg per animal per day. 

Feed Through (Liquid Additive)

6552-17

Cattle 

(concentrate 

feed)

Cup/Pour

1,700 lb cow (labeled 

max): 

0.0039 lb 

ai/animal/day 

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves

This product can be used to prepare 

concentrate feeds that will provide 70 

mgs. of ai/ 100 lbs. body weight daily. 

Feed the appropriate concentrate 

indicated to cattle weighing between 

400 and 1,200 lbs. For large cattle 

weighing between 1,200 and 1,700 lbs, 

increase the amount of premix per ton 

of concentrate to 1.5 times that 

indicated. 

Cattle 

(complete 

ration)

1,400 lb cow

(labeled max feeder 

cow):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day

This product can be used to prepare 

rations containing 26.4 mg of ai/ pound 

of complete ration. Full feed the ration 

to feeder cattle weight from 400 to 

1,400 lbs, but not less than 2.6 pounds 

of the ration per 100 lbs of body weight 

daily. 

Swine

0.00060 lb 

ai/animal/day

Mix 2.6 lbs of this product per ton of 

meal type feed and offer 4-6 lbs of feed 

per animal per day. This is equivalent to 

45.4 mg of product per lb of feed. 

Horse

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

Use this product to prepare concentrate 

feeds/topdressings that will provide 70 

mgs of ai per 100 lbs of weight daily. 

11556-

160

Cattle

1,700 lb cow (labeled 

max): 

0.0039 lb 

ai/animal/day

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves

Roughage fed separately: This product 

is used to prepare concentrate feeds that 

will provide 70 mg ai per 100 lbs body 

weight. Feed the appropriate larvicidal 

concentrate to cattle weighing between 

400 and 1,200 lbs. For large cattle 

weighting between 1,200 and 1,700 lbs, 

increase the amount of premix per ton 

of concentrate to 1.5 times that 

indicated. 

1,400 lb cow (labeled 

max): 

0.0022 lb

ai/animal/day

No other roughage fed: Mix 1.5 lbs of 

product per ton of complete mixed 

ration containing both grain and 

roughage. Full feed this complete ration 

to feeder cattle weighing from 400 to 

1,400 lbs or to dairy cattle at a rate to 

sustain milk production, but not less 

than 2.6 lbs of the ration per 100 lbs of 

body weight daily. 

Swine 0.00060 lb 

ai/animal/day

Mix 2.6 lbs of this product per ton of 

meal type feed and offer 4 to 6 lbs of 
Page 41 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

feed per animal per day. This is 

equivalent to 45.5 mg ai per pound of 

feed. 

Horse

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

Use this product to prepare concentrate 

feeds that will provide 70 mg ai per 100 

lbs body weight daily. 

Feed Block

6552-17

Cattle and 

Horse Oral 

Larvicide

Hand 

Dispersal

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day

(0.473% ai)

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves

Provide 1 block per 5 head of cattle or 

horses. Feed at a daily rate of 0.07 

grams of Larvicide in 0.5 ounces of 

block per 100 pounds of body weight. 

7698-17

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day

Place in dry spots near loafing and 

watering areas. Cattles (or horses) 

should consume 1.05 lbs of the product 

per 100 lbs of body weight per month. 

This will supply the recommended 

average daily intake of 70 mg per 100 

lbs of body weight. 

7698-18

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day

Cattles (or horses) should consume 0.68 

lbs of the product per 100 lbs of body 

weight per month. This will supply the 

recommended average daily intake of 

70 mg per 100 lbs of body weight.

9078-12

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day 

(0.31% ai)

Feed approximately 1⁄2 lb block per 

1,000 lb animal daily. 

9374-8

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

Allow free choice for cattle and horses. 

Cattle and horses should consume an 

average of 0.8 oz of the product per 100 
Page 42 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day 

(0.30% ai)

lbs of body weight per day. This will 

supply the recommended average daily 

intake of 70 mg. 

55392-3

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day 

(0.30% ai)

Provide one block per 15-20 head of 

cattle or horses. Consumption should 

average 0.83 oz of the block per 100 

lbs. This will supply the recommended 

average daily intake of 70 kg. 

73600-1

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day 

(0.49% ai)

Feed 1 block per 5 head of cattle or 

horses. Feed blocks at the rate of 0.5 oz 

per 100 lb of bodyweight per day. This 

intake will supply 0.07 g of larvicide 

per 100 lb. of bodyweight per day. 

73600-3

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day 

(0.49% ai)

Feed only as a free choice source of 

salt, other minerals or vitamins. The 

product should be fed at a level to 

provide 70 mg per 100 lb of bodyweight 

per day. 

73600-5

1,100 lb horse 

(estimated max): 

0.0017 lb 

ai/animal/day

1,400 lb cow

Feed one block per 10-15 head of cattle 

or horses. Feed blocks at the rate of 

0.88 oz. per 100 lb. of body weight per 

day. This intake will supply 0.07 g of 

Larvicide per 100 lb. of bodyweight per 

day. 
Page 43 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

73600-6

(estimated max):

0.0022 lb 

ai/animal/day 

(0.30% ai)

Feed 1 block per 5 head of cattle or 

horses. Feed blocks at the rate of 0.88 

oz. per 100 lb. of bod weight per day. 

This intake will supply 0.7 g of 

Larvicide per 100 lb. of bodyweight per 

day. 

Dust

11556-

158

Beef Cattle 

and Dairy 

Cattle

Shaker 

Can, 

Rotary 

Duster, 

Spoon

2 oz. dust: 0.0038 lb 

ai

4 oz dust: 0.0075 lb 

ai

(3% ai)

M/L/A: 

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves, and 

PF5 

respirator

Hand dusting: apply 2 oz. of dust by 

shaker can, rotary duster or by spoon to 

the upper portions of the back, neck and 

poll, and to the face. 

Also can be used after grubs have 

encysted by applying 3-4 oz. of dust 

down the backline and rubbing in. 

Hand Pour

12.5 lbs (estimated 

max dust bag):

0.38 lb ai per dust bag

Loaders and 

others 

handling 

dust bags: 

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves

Self-treating dust bag: put dust in a 

cotton cloth or double burlap bag or use 

prepacked weather proof cattle dust 

bags and hang in door exits or 

alleyways leading from animal 

buildings, salt or mineral blocks or 

watering holes. The dust bag can also 

be placed in a loafing shed, holding 

pens, feedlots, near watering holes or 

other areas where cattle gather. 

Swine

Hand, 

Power 

Duster, 

Shaker Can

4 oz dust/animal: 

0.0075 lb ai/animal

1 lb. per 150 sq. ft:

0.00020 lb/ sq ft.

M/L/A: 

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves, and 

PF5 

respirator

Hand dusting: apply 3-4 oz of dust by 

hand or power duster to each animal. 

In severe infestations, both animals and 

bedding may be treated. One lb. of 3% 

dust should be applied per 150 sq. ft. 

Poultry

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster, 

Shaker can 

Duster

0.00010 lb ai/ b nird

Wire cage housing: Apply 1 lb 

dust/300 birds with plunger or rotary 

type duster or shaker can duster. 

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster

0.00030 lb ai/ sq ft

Floor management litter: Apply 1 

lb/100 sq ft with plunger or rotary type 

duster. 

Or, apply 3 to 8 oz/ 100 sq ft with 

plunger or rotary type duster for 

treatment of darkling beetles. 

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster, 

Shaker can 

Duster

0.00060 lb ai/bird Dust box: Apply 2 lbs/100 birds
Page 44 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

Paint

0.030 lb ai/ gallon

(1 gallon treats 800 sq 

ft)

Roost paint: Make a thick slurry by 

mixing 1 lb of dust with 1 pint of water. 

Apply 1 lb/100 sq ft. 

11556-

182

Beef Cattle 

and Dairy 

Cattle

Shaker can, 

Rotary 

Duster, 

Spoon

1 oz. dust: 0.0038 lb 

ai

2 oz dust: 0.0075 lb 

ai

(6% ai)

M/L/A: 

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves, and 

PF5 

respirator

Hand dusting: apply 1 oz. of dust by 

shaker can, rotary duster or by spoon to 

the upper portions of the back, neck and 

poll, and to the face. 

Also can be used after grubs have 

encysted by applying 1.5-2 oz. of dust 

down the backline and rubbing in. 

Hand Pour

12.5 lbs (estimated 

max dust bag):

0.75 lb ai per dust bag

Loaders and 

others 

handling 

dust bags: 

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves

Self-treating dust bag: put dust in a 

cotton cloth or double burlap bag or use 

prepacked weather proof cattle dust 

bags and hang in door exits or 

alleyways leading from animal 

buildings, salt or mineral blocks or 

watering holes. The dust bag can also 

be placed in a loafing shed, holding 

pens, feedlots, near watering holes or 

other areas where cattle gather. 

Swine

Hand, 

Power 

Duster, 

Shaker Can

2 oz dust/animal: 

0.0075 lb ai/animal

0.5 lb. per 150 sq. ft:

0.00020 lb/ sq ft.

M/L/A: 

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves, and 

PF5 

respirator

Hand dusting: apply 1.5-2 oz of dust by 

hand or power duster to each animal. 

In severe infestations, both animals and 

bedding may be treated. One half lb. of 

6% dust should be applied per 150 sq. 

ft. 

Poultry

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster, 

Shaker Can 

Duster

0.00010 lb ai/ bird

Wire cage housing: Apply 1 lb 

dust/600 birds with plunger or rotary 

type duster or shaker can duster. 

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster

0.00030 lb ai/ sq ft

Floor management litter: Apply 0.5 

lb/100 sq ft with plunger or rotary type 

duster. 

Or, apply 1.5 to 4 oz/ 100 sq ft with 

plunger or rotary type duster for 

treatment of darkling beetles. 

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster, 

Shaker Can 

Duster

0.00060 lb ai/bird Dust box: Apply 1 lbs/100 birds

Paint 0.030 lb ai/ gallon Roost paint: Make a thick slurry by mixing 1 lb of dust with 1 pint of water. 

Apply 0.5 lb/100 sq ft. 
Page 45 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

(1 gallon treats 800 sq 

ft)

19713-

340

Beef Cattle 

and Dairy 

Cattle

Shaker can,

Rotary 

Duster, 

Spoon

2 oz. dust: 0.0038 lb 

ai

4 oz dust: 0.0075 lb 

ai

(3% ai)

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves

Hand dusting: apply approximately 2 

oz. of dust by shaker can, rotary duster 

or by spoon to the upper portions of the 

back, neck and poll, and to the face. 

Hand Pour

12.5 lbs (estimated 

max dust bag):

0.38 lb ai per dust bag

Self-treating dust bag: put dust in a 

cotton cloth or durable bag or use prepacked weather proof cattle dust bags 

and hang in barn door exits or 

alleyways leading from animal 

buildings, salt or mineral blocks or 

watering holes. 

Swine

Hand, 

Power 

Duster, 

Shaker Can

2 oz dust/animal: 

0.0038 lb ai/animal

1 lb. per 150 sq. ft:

0.00020 lb/ sq ft

Hand dusting: apply 1.5-2 oz of dust by 

conventional hand or power duster to 

each animal with special attention given 

to the neck and around the ears. 

One lb of 3% dust should be applied per 

150 sq ft of bedding.

47000-

113

Beef Cattle 

and Dairy 

Cattle

Shaker can, 

Rotary 

Duster, 

Spoon

2 oz. dust: 0.0038 lb 

ai

4 oz dust: 0.0075 lb 

ai

(3% ai)

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves

Hand dusting: apply 2 oz. of dust by 

shaker can, rotary duster or by spoon to 

the upper portions of the back, neck and 

poll, and to the face. 

Also can be used after grubs have 

encysted by applying 3-4 oz. of dust 

down the backline and rubbing in. 

Hand Pour

12.5 lbs (estimated 

max dust bag):

0.38 lb ai per dust bag

Self-treating dust bag: put dust in a 

cotton cloth or double burlap bag or use 

prepacked weather proof cattle dust 

bags and hang in door exits or 

alleyways leading from animal 

buildings, salt or mineral blocks or 

watering holes. The dust bag can also 

be placed in a loafing shed, holding 

pens, feedlots, near watering holes or 

other areas where cattle gather. 

Swine

Hand, 

Power 

Duster, 

Shaker Can

4 oz dust/animal: 

0.0075 lb ai/animal

1 lb. per 150 sq. ft:

0.00020 lb/ sq ft.

Hand dusting: apply 3-4 oz of dust by 

hand or power duster to each animal. 

In severe infestations, both animals and 

bedding may be treated. One lb. of 3% 

dust should be applied per 150 sq. ft. 

Poultry

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

0.00010 lb ai/ bird

Wire cage housing: Apply 1 lb 

dust/300 birds with plunger or rotary 

type duster or shaker can duster. 
Page 46 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

Duster, 

Shaker Can 

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster

0.00030 lb ai/ sq ft

Floor management litter: Apply 1 

lb/100 sq ft with plunger or rotary type 

duster. 

Or, apply 3 to 8 oz/ 100 sq ft with 

plunger or rotary type duster for 

treatment of darkling beetles. 

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster, 

Shaker Can 

Duster

0.00060 lb ai/bird Dust box: Apply 2 lbs/100 birds

Paint

0.030 lb ai/ gallon

(1 gallon treats 800 sq 

ft)

Roost paint: Make a thick slurry by 

mixing 1 lb of dust with 1 pint of water. 

Apply 1 lb/100 sq ft. 

47000-

122

Beef Cattle 

and Dairy 

Cattle

Shaker 

Can, 

Rotary 

Duster, 

Spoon

2 oz. dust: 0.0038 lb 

ai

(3% ai)

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves

Hand dusting: apply 2 oz. of dust by 

shaker can, rotary duster or by spoon to 

the upper portions of the back, neck and 

poll, and to the face. 

Hand Pour

12.5 lbs (estimated 

max dust bag):

0.38 lb ai per dust bag

Self-treating dust bag: put dust in a 

cotton cloth or double burlap bag or use 

prepacked weather proof cattle dust 

bags and hang in door exits or 

alleyways leading from animal 

buildings, salt or mineral blocks or 

watering holes. The dust bag can also 

be placed in a loafing shed, holding 

pens, feedlots, near watering holes or 

other areas where cattle gather.

Swine

Hand, 

Power 

Duster, 

Shaker Can

4 oz dust/animal: 

0.0075 lb ai/animal

1 lb. per 150 sq. ft:

0.00020 lb/ sq ft.

Hand dusting: apply 3-4 oz of dust by 

hand or power duster to each animal. 

In severe infestations, both animals and 

bedding may be treated. One lb. of 3% 

dust should be applied per 150 sq. ft.

47000-

123

Beef Cattle 

and Dairy 

Cattle

Shaker 

Can, 

Rotary 

Duster, 

Spoon

2 oz. dust: 0.0013 lb 

ai

(1% ai) Baseline 

clothing, 

coveralls, 

gloves and 

dust mist 

respriator

Hand dusting: apply 2 oz. of dust by 

shaker can, rotary duster or by spoon to 

the upper portions of the back, neck and 

poll, and to the face. 

Hand Pour

12.5 lbs (estimated 

max dust bag):

0.13 lb ai per dust bag

Self-treating dust bag: put dust in a 

cotton cloth or double burlap bag or use 

prepacked weather proof cattle dust 

bags. Suspend bags in gateways or lanes 

through which the animals pass daily 

for water, feed or minerals. The dust 
Page 47 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

bag can also be placed in a loafing shed, 

holding pens, feedlots, near watering 

holes or other areas where cattle gather.

Hand, 

Power 

Duster

12 oz dust/animal: 

0.0075 lb ai/animal

3 lb. per 150 sq. ft:

0.00020 lb/ sq ft.

Hand dusting: apply 9-12 oz of dust by 

hand or power duster to each animal. 

In severe infestations, both animals and 

bedding may be treated. Three lbs of 

1% dust should be applied per 150 sq. 

ft.

Horse Hand, 

Shaker Can

6 oz. dust/animal: 

0.0038 lb ai/animal

No application rate 

defined for premise 

dusting.*

Apply 6 oz by shaker can, hand duster, 

grooming brush or dust mitt. Cover 

upper portions of the back, neck and to 

the face, mane and tail for added control 

of face flies. 

For premise dusting, apply to barn or 

stall area floors where manure 

accumulates.*

Dogs

(Kennels)

Plunger 

Duster, 

Shaker Can

No application rate 

defined.* 

Occasional dusting in and around 

sleeping quarters and other areas will 

help free area of ticks and fleas. Dust 

bedding as well.*

47000-

125

Beef Cattle 

and Dairy 

Cattle

Shaker 

Can, 

Rotary 

Duster, 

Spoon

2 oz. dust: 0.0038 lb 

ai

(3% ai)

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves 

Hand dusting: apply 2 oz. of dust by 

shaker can, rotary duster or by spoon to 

the upper portions of the back, neck and 

poll, and to the face.

Hand, Pour

12.5 lbs (estimated 

max dust bag):

0.38 lb ai per dust bag

Self-treating dust bag: put dust in a 

cotton cloth or double burlap bag or use 

prepacked weather proof cattle dust 

bags and hang in door exits or 

alleyways leading from animal 

buildings, salt or mineral blocks or 

watering holes. The dust bag can also 

be placed in a loafing shed, holding 

pens, feedlots, near watering holes or 

other areas where cattle gather.

Swine

Hand, 

Power 

Duster, 

Shaker Can

4 oz dust/animal: 

0.0075 lb ai/animal

1 lb. per 150 sq. ft:

0.00020 lb/ sq ft.

Hand dusting: apply 3-4 oz of dust by 

hand or power duster to each animal. 

In severe infestations, both animals and 

bedding may be treated. One lb. of 3% 

dust should be applied per 150 sq. ft.

Poultry

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster, 

Shaker can 

Duster

0.00010 lb ai/ bird

Wire cage housing: Apply 1 lb 

dust/300 birds with plunger or rotary 

type duster or shaker can duster. 
Page 48 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

Plunger, 

Rotary 

Type 

Duster

0.00030 lb ai/ sq ft

Floor management litter: Apply 1 

lb/100 sq ft with plunger or rotary type 

duster. 

Or, apply 3 to 8 oz/ 100 sq ft with 

plunger or rotary type duster for 

treatment of darkling beetles. 

Hand 0.00060 lb ai/bird Dust box: Apply 2 lbs/100 birds

Paint

0.030 lb ai/ gallon

(1 gallon treats 800 sq 

ft)

Roost paint: Make a thick slurry by 

mixing 1 lb of dust with 1 pint of water. 

Apply 1 lb/100 sq ft. 

Emulsifiable Concentrate Spray

11556-

162

Beef Cattle 

Spray

0.026 lb ai/animal

(23% ai)

Baseline 

clothing, 

coveralls, 

and gloves

Dilute 1 gallon of product in 75 gallons 

of water. Use between 0.5 and 1 gallon 

of diluted spray solution per animal. 

0.039 lb ai/animal

For severe tick infestations, dilution 

may be increased to 1 gallon in 50 

gallons water. 

Lactating 

Dairy Cattle 0.0049 lb ai/animal

Dilute 1 gallon of product in 200 

gallons of water. Direct spray to cover 

thoroughly with up to 0.5 gallon of the 

dilution per animal. 

Beef and 

Dairy Cattle

Backrubber 

or 

Facerubber

0.077 lb/gallon

Dilute 1 gallon of product in 25 gallons 

water. Pour diluted solution into oil 

reservoir of mechanical rubbing devices 

or pour 1 gallon per 20 feet on burlap or 

rope backrubbers. 

Poultry

(Caged)

Spray

0.039 lb ai/100 birds

0.00031 lb ai/bird

Dilute 1 gallon product in 50 gallons of 

water. Apply 1 gallon of dilution/100 

birds under high pressure. For 

individual bird treatment, apply 1 oz/ 

bird. 

Poultry

(Chickens on 

Litter)

0.000078 lb ai/ sq ft

Dilute 1 gallon product in 50 gallons of 

water. Apply 1-2 gallons of 

dilution/1,000 square feet evenly with 

penetration of litter surface. 

Poultry

Roost Paint 

or Spray 0.077 lb ai/ gallon

Dilute 1 gallon of product in 25 gallons 

of water. Apply 1 pint of dilution/100 ft 

of roost area with brush or spray. 

Buildings 0.00077 lb ai/ sq ft

Dilute 1 gallon of product in 25 gallons 

of water. Apply 1 gallon of 

dilution/100-150 sq ft to thoroughly 

cover walls, ceilings, floors, cracks and 

crevices using high pressure spray.

Poultry and 

Livestock 

Facilities

Spray 0.00015 lb ai/ sq ft

Residual surface spray: Dilute 1 gallon 

of product in 25 gallons of water. 

Apply 1 gallon of dilution/500-1,000 sq 
Page 49 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

ft. Extreme infestations may necessitate 

increasing the diluted spray to 1 gallon 

product per 12.5 gallon water. 

0.00077 lb ai/ sq ft

Larvicide: Dilute 1 gallon of product in 

25 gallons of water. Apply 1 gallon of 

dilution/100 sq ft. 

Kennels 0.000078 lb ai/ sq ft

Dilute 1 gallon of product in 50 gallons 

of water. Apply 1 gallon of 

dilution/500-1,000 sq ft as a spot 

treatment only once per year. 

67517-

33

Beef Cattle

Spray

0.032 lb ai/animal 

(24% ai)

Baseline, 

gloves, and 

organic 

vapor 

respirator

Dilute to a 0.30% - 0.50% solution. 

Use between 0.5 to 1 gallon of spray per 

animal. 

Lactating 

Dairy Cattle 0.0013 lb ai/ animal Dilute to a 0.040% solution. Use 0.50 gallon of spray per animal. 

Beef and 

Lactating 

Dairy Cattle

Backrubber 0.064 lb ai/gallon

Baseline, 

gloves, 

coveralls, 

and organic 

vapor 

respirator

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. Mix with #2 

diesel oil or any approved backrubber 

base oil. 

Swine

Spray, 

High 

Pressure 

Sprayer

0.016 lb ai/animal

Baseline, 

gloves, and 

organic 

vapor 

respirator

Dilute to a 0.5% solution. Apply a 

coarse spray using 0.25 to 0.5 gallon per 

head to thoroughly wet the animal. 

Poultry (Wire 

Cage)

0.032 lb ai/100 birds 

(gallon)

0.00025 lb ai/bird

Dilute to a 0.5% solution. Apply 1 

gallon/100 birds directly to birds, spray 

vent and fluff areas from below. For 

individual bird treatment, apply 1 oz of 

mixture per bird. 

Poultry (Floor 

Management)

0.000064 lb ai/ sq ft 

(2 gallons)

Dilute to 0.5% solution. Apply 1-2 

gallons/1,000 sq ft evenly for 

penetration to litter surface. 

Poultry (Roost 

Paint) Paint 0.064 lb ai/ gallon

Dilute to 1.0% solution. Apply 1 pint 

solution/100 sq ft. Treat with a brush or 

spray thoroughly. 

Poultry

(Fowl Tick)

Power 

Sprayer 0.00064 lb ai/ sq ft

Dilute to 1.0% solution. Apply 1 gallon 

solution/100-150 sq ft to walls, ceiling, 

floors, cracks and crevices with a power 

sprayer. 

Poultry

(Flies 

Residual)

Spray

0.00013 lb ai/ sq ft

Dilute to 1.0% solution. Apply 1 

gallon/500-1,000 sq ft thoroughly to 

point of runoff to walls, ceilings, and 

where flies congregate and feed. 

Poultry 

(Larvicide) 0.00064 lb ai/ sq ft Dilute to 1.0% solution. Apply 1 gallon solution/100 sq ft of droppings. 

Woody 

Borders of 

Kennels, 

Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational 

0.032 lb ai/ sq ft Dilute to 0.5% solution. Apply as a 

spot spray.
Page 50 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways

Wettable Powder

11556-

156

Beef Cattle

Spray

0.040 lb ai/animal

(1 gallon)

MLA for 

dusting, low 

pressure 

handwand 

and paint 

applications:

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves, 

coveralls, 

dust mist 

respirator

All other 

MLA and 

other 

handlers:

Baseline 

clothing and 

gloves

Dilute to a 0.35-0.50% solution. Use a 

low pressure coarse spray and apply to 

point before runoff. Use between 0.5 to 

1 gallon of spray solution per animal. 

Swine

0.020 lb ai/animal

(0.5 gallon)

Dilute to a 0.50% solution. Apply as a 

low pressure coarse spray and apply 

only to point before runoff. Use 0.25 to 

0.50 gallon maximum solution per head 

to treat. 

Poultry

(Wire Cages)

0.00040 lb ai/ bird

(gallon)

0.00031 lb ai/bird

(1 oz)

Dilute to a 0.50% solution. Apply 

directly to birds (1 gallon solution/100 

birds). For individual bird treatment 

apply 1 oz of the mixture per bird. Use 

power sprayer.

Poultry (Floor 

Management 

Dusting)

Handheld 

Fogger, 

Plunger 

Duster, 

Stationary 

Fogger

0.0016 lb ai/ bird Apply 2.5 oz wettable powder/50 birds. 

Poultry (Floor 

Management 

Roost Paint)

Paint

0.080 lb ai/ gallon

(1 gallon treats 800 sq 

ft)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. Treat with 

brush or spray thoroughly using 1 

pint/100 ft. 

Poultry (Floor 

Management 

Litter)

Spray 0.00080 lb ai/ sq ft

(2 gallons)

Dilute to a 0.50% solution. Apply 1-2 

gallons solution/100 sq ft for 

penetration of litter surface. 

Handheld 

Fogger, 

Rotary 

Duster, 

Stationary 

Fogger

0.00023 lb ai/ sq ft

(0.75 oz)

Treat evenly using 0.75 oz wettable 

powder/100 sq ft. Use rotary, 

mechanical or electrostatic duster. 

Poultry (Fowl 

Tick)

Spray

0.00080 lb ai/ sq ft

(1 gallon)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. Apply 1 

gallon solution/100-150 sq ft to walls, 

ceiling, floor cracks, and crevices with 

power sprayer. 

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry 

Houses, 

Swine Barns, 

or other 

Animal 

Buildings

0.00032 lb ai/ sq ft

(1 gallon)

Dilute to a 2.0% solution. For dry 

whitewashed wood or concrete block 

surfaces use 1 gallon of solution/500 sq 

ft. 

0.00016 lb ai/ sq ft

(1 gallon)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. For 

unpainted wood or painted concrete 

block surfaces, use 1 gallon of 

solution/500 sq ft. 
Page 51 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

0.000080 lb ai/ sq ft

(0.5 gallon)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. For Masonite 

or galvanized sheet metal surfaces, use 

0.5 gallon of solution/ 500 sq ft. 

Poultry 

Droppings, 

Manure Piles, 

Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed 

Troughs

0.0008 lb ai/ sq ft

(1 gallon)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. Apply 1 

gallon of solution/100 sq ft. 

Kennels, 

Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Picnic Areas, 

and 

Recreational 

Parks

0.000040 lb ai/ sq ft

(spot)

Dilute to a 0.5% solution. Apply as a 

spot treatment using a low pressure 

handwand sprayer only. Apply woody 

borders. 

47000-

126

Beef Cattle

Spray

0.040 lb ai/gallon

MLA for 

dusting and 

paint 

applications:

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves, 

coveralls, 

dust mist 

respirator

All other 

MLA: 

Baseline 

clothing, 

gloves

Dilute to a 0.35-0.50% solution. Use a 

low pressure coarse spray and apply to 

point before runoff. Use between 0.5 to 

1 gallon of spray solution per animal.

Swine 0.020 lb ai/animal

(0.5 gallon)

Dilute to a 0.50% solution. Apply as a 

coarse spray. Use 0.25 to 0.50 gallon 

maximum solution per head to treat. 

Poultry

(Wire Cages)

0.00040 lb ai/ bird

(gallon)

0.00031 lb ai/bird

(1 oz)

Dilute to a 0.50% solution. Apply 

directly to birds (1 gallon solution/100 

birds). For individual bird treatment 

apply 1 oz of the mixture per bird. Use 

power sprayer.

Poultry (Floor 

Management 

– Litter)

Handheld 

Fogger, 

Plunger 

Duster, 

Stationary 

Fogger

0.00078 lb ai/ sq ft Treat evenly and thoroughly using 2.5 

oz/100 sq ft. 

Poultry (Floor 

Management -

Dusting)

0.0016 lb ai/ bird Apply 2.5 oz wettable powder/50 birds. 

Poultry (Floor 

Management 

Roost Paint)

Paint

0.080 lb ai/ gallon

(1 gallon treats 800 sq 

ft)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. Treat with 

brush or spray thoroughly using 1 

pint/100 ft. 

Poultry (Fowl 

Tick)

Spray**

0.00080 lb ai/ sq ft

(1 gallon)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. Apply 1 

gallon solution/100-150 sq ft to walls, 

ceiling, floor cracks, and crevices with 

power sprayer. 

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry 

Houses, 

Swine Barns, 

or other 

Animal 

Buildings

0.00032 lb ai/ sq ft

(1 gallon)

Dilute to a 2.0% solution. For dry 

whitewashed wood or concrete block 

surfaces use 1 gallon of solution/500 sq 

ft. 

0.00016 lb ai/ sq ft

(1 gallon)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. For 

unpainted wood or painted concrete 

block surfaces, use 1 gallon of 

solution/500 sq ft. 
Page 52 of 124

Table C.1. Summary of TCVP Occupational Livestock Use

EPA 

Reg. No. Use Site

Applic. 

Type/ 

Equipment

Applic. Rate 

(lb ai/A) PPE Use Directions and Limitations

0.000080 lb ai/ sq ft

(0.5 gallon)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. For Masonite 

or galvanized sheet metal surfaces, use 

0.5 gallon of solution/ 500 sq ft. 

Poultry 

Droppings, 

Manure Piles, 

Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed 

Troughs

0.000080 lb ai/ sq ft

(1 gallon)

Dilute to a 1.0% solution. Apply 1 

gallon of solution/100 sq ft. 

Table C.2. Summary of TCVP Occupational Pet Products

EPA Reg. 

No. Use Site Application Rate Use Restrictions

Collars

2596-49 Cats

1,650 mg ai 

11.3 gram collar 

(14.6% ai)

Do not use in kittens under 12 weeks of age. 

Place the collar around the cat’s neck, adjust for proper fit, and 

buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 3 months, every 2 months for severe 

infestation.

2596-50

Dogs

2,770 mg ai

19 gram collar 

(14.6 % ai)

4,670 mg ai

32 gram collar

(14.6% ai)

Do not use on puppies less than 6 weeks of age. 

Place the collar around the dog’s neck, adjust for proper fit, and 

buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 3 months, every 2 months for severe 

infestation.

2596-62

Do not use on puppies less than 12 weeks of age. 

Place the collar around the dog’s neck, adjust for proper fit, and 

buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 5 months, every 4 months for severe 

infestation.

2596-63 Cats

2,190 mg ai

15 gram collar 

(14.6% ai)

2,480 mg ai

17 gram collar

(14.6% ai)

Do not use on kittens less than 12 weeks of age. 

Place the collar around the cat’s neck, adjust for proper fit, and 

buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 5 months, every 4 months for severe 

infestation.

2596-83 Cats

1,750 mg ai

12 gram collar

(14.6% ai)

3,650 mg ai

25 gram collar 

(14.6% ai)

Do not use on kittens less than 12 weeks of age. 

Place the collar around the cat’s neck, adjust for proper fit, and 

buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 7 months, every 5 months for severe 

infestation.
Page 53 of 124

Table C.2. Summary of TCVP Occupational Pet Products

EPA Reg. 

No. Use Site Application Rate Use Restrictions

2596-84 Dogs

2,770 mg ai

19 gram collar

(14.6% ai)

4,670 mg ai

32 gram collar

(14.6% ai)

Do not use on puppies under 6 weeks of age. 

Place the collar around the dog’s neck, adjust for proper fit, and 

buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 7 months, every 5 months for severe 

infestation.

2596-139 Cats/

Dogs

1,460 mg ai

10 gram collar

(14.6% ai)

7,300 mg ai

50 gram collar

(14.6% ai)

Do not use on puppies under 6 weeks old/ kittens under 12 weeks 

old. 

Place the collar around the cat’s/dog’s neck, adjust for proper fit, 

and buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 7 months, or more frequently for severe 

infestation.

11556-164 Dogs

3,290 mg ai

24 gram collar

(13.7% ai)

Do not use on puppies under 6 weeks. 

Place the collar around the dog’s neck, adjust for proper fit, and 

buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 5 months, every 4 months for severe 

infestation.

11556-165 Cats

2,060 mg ai

15 gram collar

(13.7% ai)

Do not use on kittens less than 12 weeks of age. 

Place the collar around the cat’s neck, adjust for proper fit, and 

buckle in place. 

Leave 2 or 3 inches on the collar for extra adjustment and cut off 

and dispose of the extra length. 

Replace the collar every 5 months, every 4 months for severe 

infestation.

Dusts/Powders

2596-78 Cats

280 mg ai (3.3% ai)

0.30 ounce per small cat

470 mg ai (3.3% ai) 

0.5 ounce per large cat

Not for use on kittens less than 12 weeks of age. 

Dust entire cat beginning at head and working back. 

Use approximately 1/3 ounce of powder for a small cat or 1⁄2 ounce 

for a large cat.

Repeat at weekly intervals if necessary. 

2596-79 Dogs

470 mg ai (3.3% ai)

1⁄2 ounce per small dog

940 mg ai 

1 ounce per medium dog

1,200 mg ai

1 1⁄4 ounce per large dog

Not for use on puppies less than 12 weeks of age. 

Dust entire dog beginning at the head and working back. Make 

sure powder gets down to the skin. 

Lightly dust the dog’s bedding with approximately the same 

amount of powder. 

Repeat treatment of dog and bedding at weekly intervals if 

necessary. 

Use 1⁄2 ounce of powder for a small dog; 1 oz for a medium dog; 

and 1 1⁄4 oz for large dogs. 

47000-123

Cats

Estimated Range: 

43 mg ai, small

100 mg ai, medium

150 mg ai, large

(1.0% ai)

Do not apply to kittens or puppies under 12 weeks old.

Dust powder evenly over the animal and rub thoroughly through 

the hair coat to skin. 

Use 1/3 oz of powder per every 10 pounds of body weight of your 

cat or dog. 

Do not reapply product for 30 days. 

*PPE: Baseline clothing, coveralls, gloves and dust mist respirator.

Dogs

Estimated Range: 

170 mg ai, small

430 mg ai, medium
Page 54 of 124

Table C.2. Summary of TCVP Occupational Pet Products

EPA Reg. 

No. Use Site Application Rate Use Restrictions

680 mg ai, large

67517-82

Cats

Estimated Range: 

130 mg ai, small

310 mg ai, medium

460 mg ai, large

(3% ai)

Do not use on puppies under 12 weeks of age. 

Dust powder liberally over the animal and rub thoroughly through 

hair coat to skin. 

Use 1/3 oz of powder per every 10 pounds of body weight of your 

cat or dog. 

To control fleas, reapply every 16 days. To control brown dog 

ticks, reapply every 7 days. Dogs

Estimated Range:

510 mg ai, small

1,300 mg ai, medium

2,000 mg ai, large

Pump/Trigger Sprays

2596-125 Dogs

300 mg ai, small

400 mg ai, medium

700 mg ai, large

(1.1% ai)

Do not apply to pets (puppies) less than 6 weeks old. 

Hold bottle upright about 6 inches from pet. Spray lightly until the 

tips of the pet’s hair are moist. Rub spray into animal’s coat. 

Repeat once per week. 

Recommended dosage: Spray 25-30 strokes for a small dog. Spray 

30-40 strokes for a medium dog. Spray 40-70 strokes for a large 

dog. More spray may be needed for longhaired dogs. 1 

2596-126 Cats

250 mg ai, small

350 mg ai, large

(1.1% ai)

Do not apply to pets (kittens) less than 6 weeks old. 

Hold bottle upright about 6 inches from pet. Spray lightly until the 

tips of the pet’s hair are moist. Rub spray into animal’s coat. 

Repeat once per week. 

Recommended dosage: Spray 15-25 strokes for a small cat. Spray 

25-35 strokes for a large cat. More spray may be needed for 

longhaired cats. 1

2596-140

Cats3

(Pump)

51 mg ai, small

71 mg ai, large

(1.1% ai)

Do not use on puppies or kittens less than 12 weeks old. 

Hold bottle upright about 6 inches from pet. Spray lightly until the 

tips of the pet’s hair are moist. Rub spray into animal’s coat. 

Repeat once per week. 

Recommended dosage: Spray 15-25 strokes for a small cat. Spray 

25-35 strokes for a large cat.2 

Recommended dosage: Spray 25-35 strokes for a small dog. Spray 

30-40 strokes for a medium dog. Spray 40-70 strokes for a large 

dog.2 

Cats3

(Trigger)

250 mg ai, small

350 mg ai, large

(1.1% ai)

Dogs

(Trigger)

350 mg ai, small

400 mg ai, medium

700 mg ai, large

(1.1% ai)

2596-136 A “Cancellation Order for Section 3 Pesticide Product Registration(s)” was finalized on July 31, 2013 

pertaining to EPA Reg. No. 2596-136, Hartz 2 in 1 Flea and Tick Spray for Cats and Dogs. 

2596-122, 

-123 EPA Reg. Nos. 2596-122 and -123 have been voluntarily cancelled. 
Page 55 of 124

Appendix D: Summary of Occupational and Residential Non-cancer Algorithms

Residential Dermal and Inhalation Handler Exposure Algorithm

Daily dermal and inhalation exposure (mg/day) for residential pesticide handlers, for a given 

formulation-application method combination, is estimated by multiplying the formulationapplication method-specific unit exposure by an estimate of the amount of active ingredient 

handled in a day, using the equation below:

E = UE * AR * A

where:

E = exposure (mg/day);

UE = unit exposure (mg/lb ai);

AR = application rate (e.g., lb ai/ft2, lb ai/gal); and

A = number of animals treated per day.

Residential Post-application Dermal Exposure Algorithm

The following method is used to calculate dermal exposures that are attributable to an adult or 

child contacting a treated companion pet:

E = TC * TR * ET

where:

E = exposure (mg/day);

TC = transfer coefficient (cm2/hr);

TR = transferable residue (mg/cm2); and

ET = exposure time (hours/day).

TR =

AR ∗ FAR

SA

where:

TR = transferable residue (mg/cm2);

AR = application rate or amount applied to animal (mg);

FAR = fraction of the application rate available as transferable residue; and

SA = surface area of the pet (cm2).
Page 56 of 124

Absorbed dermal dose, normalized to body weight, is calculated as:

D = E * AF

BW

where:

D = dose (mg/kg-day);

E = exposure (mg/day); 

AF = absorption factor (dermal); and

BW = body weight (kg).

Table D.1. Treated Pets – Inputs for Residential Post-application Dermal Exposure 

Algorithm 

Notation

Exposure Factor

Units Point Estimates

AR Application rate

(mg) Unique for each product

SA

Surface Area of 

Animal 

(cm2)

Small Cat, Dog Cat – 1,500

Dog – 3,000

Medium Cat, Dog Cat – 2,500

Dog – 7,000

Large Cat, Dog Cat – 4,000

Dog – 11,000

FAR

Fraction of AR Available for Transfer 

(recommended point estimate)

Non-Cancer

Collar (Amitraz): 0.0014

Davis (Amitraz): 0.0040

Dust/Powder (TCVP): 0.00048

Pump Spray (TCVP): 0.0081

Cancer

Collar (Amitraz): 0.00047

Dust/Powder (TCVP): 0.00022

Pump Spray (TCVP): 0.0018

TC

Transfer Coefficient 

– Liquids 

(cm2/hr)

Adult 5,200

Children 1 < 2 years old 1,400

Transfer Coefficient 

– Solids

(cm2/hr)

Adult 140,000

Children 1 < 2 years old 38,000

ET Exposure Time

(hours per day)

Adult 0.77

Children 1 < 2 years old 1.0

BW Body weight

(kg)

Adult 80

Children 1 < 2 years old 11
Page 57 of 124

Residential Post-application Hand-to-Mouth Exposure Algorithm

Exposure from hand-to-mouth activity is calculated as follows (based on algorithm utilized in 

SHEDS-Multimedia):

E = [HR * (FM * SAH ) * (ET * N_Replen) * (1- (1- SE) (Freq_HtM/N-Replen))]

where:

E = exposure (mg/day);

HR = hand residue loading (mg/cm2);

SAH = surface area of one child hand (cm2);

FM = fraction hand surface area mouthed /event (fraction/event);

ET = exposure time (hr/day);

N_Replen = number of replenishment intervals per hour (intervals/hour);

SE = saliva extraction factor (i.e., mouthing removal efficiency); and

Freq_HtM = number of hand-to-mouth contacts events per hour (events/hour).

and

HR = E * Faihands

 2 * SAH

where:

HR = hand residue loading (mg/cm2);

E = dermal exposure (mg);

Faihands = fraction of a.i. on hands compared to total residue from dermal transfer 

coefficient study (unitless); and

SAH = surface area of one child hand (cm2).

Oral dose, normalized to body weight, is calculated as:

D = E 

 BW

where:

D = dose (mg/kg-day);

E = exposure (mg/day); and

BW = body weight (kg).

Table D.2. Treated Pets – Inputs for Residential Post-application Hand-to-Mouth Exposure

Algorithm 

Notation

Exposure Factor

(units) Point Estimate(s)

Fai hands

Fraction of a.i. on hands from transfer coefficient 

studies (unitless)

Solid = 0.37

Liquid = 0.040
Page 58 of 124

Table D.2. Treated Pets – Inputs for Residential Post-application Hand-to-Mouth Exposure

Algorithm 

Notation

Exposure Factor

(units) Point Estimate(s)

FM

Fraction hand surface area mouthed /event 

(fraction/event) 0.13

N_Replen Replenishment intervals per hour

(intervals/hr) 4

ET Exposure time

(hours/day)

Children 1 < 2 years 

old 1.0

SE Saliva extraction factor 0.48

Freq_HtM

Hand-to-mouth events per 

hour

(events/hr)

Children 1 < 2 years 

old 20

SAH

Typical surface area of 

one child hand

(cm2)

Children 1 < 2 years 

old 150

BW Body Weight

(kg)

Children 1 < 2 years 

old 11

Occupational Non-cancer Handler Algorithms

Potential daily exposures for occupational handlers are calculated using the following formulas:

E=UE * AR * A * 0.001 mg/ug

where:

E = exposure (mg ai/day),

UE = unit exposure (μg ai/lb ai),

AR = maximum application rate according to proposed label (lb ai A or lb ai/gal), and

A = area treated or amount handled (e.g., A/day, gal/day).

The daily doses are calculated using the following formula:

ADD= 

E * AF

BW

where:

ADD = average daily dose absorbed in a given scenario (mg ai/kg/day),

E = exposure (mg ai/day),

AF = absorption factor (dermal and/or inhalation), and

BW = body weight (kg).

Margin of Exposure: Non-cancer risk estimates for each application handler scenario are 

calculated using a Margin of Exposure (MOE), which is a ratio of the toxicological endpoint to 

the daily dose of concern. The daily dermal and inhalation dose received by occupational 
Page 59 of 124

handlers are compared to the appropriate POD (i.e., NOAEL) to assess the risk to occupational 

handlers for each exposure route. All MOE values are calculated using the following formula:

MOE= 

POD

ADD

where:

MOE = margin of exposure: value used by HED to represent risk estimates (unitless),

POD = point of departure (mg/kg/day), and

ADD = average daily dose absorbed in a given scenario (mg ai/kg/day).

Occupational and Residential Cancer Algorithms

After the development of the ADD values, the next step required to calculate carcinogenic risk 

estimates is to amortize these values over the anticipated lifetime, which results in the LADD. 

LADD values are calculated using the following equation:

LADD = ADD * 

Days per Year of Exposure

365 Days per Year * 

Years per Lifetime of Exposure

Lifetime Expectancy

where:

LADD = absorbed dose over a lifetime (mg ai/kg/day),

ADD = average daily dose absorbed in a given scenario (mg 

ai/kg/day),

Days per Year of Exposure = annual frequency of an application by an individual 

(days/year),

Years per Lifetime of Exposure = amount of a lifetime that an individual would be 

expected to use pesticides (years), and

Lifetime Expectancy = average life expectancy of an individual (years).

Cancer risk estimate calculations are completed by comparing the LADD values calculated 

above to the Q1* for the chemical. Cancer risk estimates are calculated using the following 

equation:

Total Cancer Risk Estimate = (Dermal LADD + Inhalation LADD) * Q1*

where:

Cancer Risk Estimate = probability of incidence of cancer cases over a lifetime (unitless),

Dermal LADD = absorbed dose from dermal exposure over a lifetime (mg ai/kg/day),

Inhalation LADD = absorbed dose from inhalation exposure over a lifetime (mg 

ai/kg/day), and
Page 60 of 124

Q1* = quantitative dose response factor used for linear, low-dose response 

cancer risk estimate calculations (mg/kg/day)-1.

Table D.3. Treated Pets – Inputs for Cancer Exposure/Risk

Algorithm 

Notation

Exposure Factor

(units) Point Estimate(s)

EF Exposure Frequency (days/year)

Occupational: 

Private/Farmer – 10 days/year

Contract/Commercial – 30 

days/year

Residential :

Handlers - Collars, 4 

Dusts/Powders and Pump/Trigger 

Sprays, 6

Post-application (all formulations) -

180 

ET Exposure Time (years) 35: occupational 

50: residential

AT Averaging Time (years) 78

CF Conversion Factor (days/year) 365
Page 61 of 124

Appendix E – Summary of Residential Handler Exposures and Risks

Table E.1. Residential Handler Non-cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from Use of TCVP Pet Collar Products. No dermal hazard.

Exposure Scenario Reg. No. Level of 

Concern

Dermal Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Inhalation 

Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Maximum 

Application 

Rate1

(lb ai/pet)

Amount 

Handled 

Daily2

Dermal Inhalation

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)3 MOE4 Dose (mg/kg/day)5 MOE6

Use of Spot-On Exposure Data - 2012 Residential SOPs

Application of TCVP 

Collars

2596-49:

Cat

NA 120 Negligible

0.0036:

11 gram collar

2 

animals 

treated per 

day

0.0012

NA, No 

Dermal 

Hazard

Negligible

2596-50, 62:

Dog

0.0061: 

19 gram collar 

0.0020

0.010:

32 gram collar

0.0034

2596-63:

Cat

0.0048:

15 gram collar

0.0016

0.0055:

17 gram collar

0.0018

2596-83:

Cat

0.0039:

12 gram collar

0.0013

0.0080:

25 gram collar

0.0027

2596-84:

Dog

0.0061:

19 gram collar

0.0021

0.010:

32 gram collar

0.0034

2596-139:

Cat

0.0032:

10 gram collar

0.0011
Page 62 of 124

Table E.1. Residential Handler Non-cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from Use of TCVP Pet Collar Products. No dermal hazard.

Exposure Scenario Reg. No. Level of 

Concern

Dermal Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Inhalation 

Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Maximum 

Application 

Rate1

(lb ai/pet)

Amount 

Handled 

Daily2

Dermal Inhalation

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)3 MOE4 Dose (mg/kg/day)5 MOE6

2596-139:

Dog

0.016:

50 gram collar

0.0054

11556-164:

Dog

0.0072:

24 gram collar

0.0024

11556-165:

Cat

0.0045: 

15 gram collar

0.0015

Use of TCVP Dust Applicator Exposure Data

Application of TCVP 

Collars

2596-49:

Cat

Inhalation; 

300 1,700 3.1

0.0036:

11 gram collar

2 

animals 

treated per 

day

0.017

N/A, No 

Dermal 

Hazard

0.00033 4,900

2596-50, 62:

Dog

0.0061: 

19 gram collar 

0.029 0.00055 2,900

0.010:

32 gram collar

0.049 0.00092 1,700

2596-63:

Cat

0.0048:

15 gram collar

0.023 0.00043 3,700

0.0055:

17 gram collar

0.026 0.00049 3,300

2596-83:

Cat

0.0039:

12 gram collar

0.018 0.00035 4,600

0.0080: 0.038 0.00072 2,200
Page 63 of 124

Table E.1. Residential Handler Non-cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from Use of TCVP Pet Collar Products. No dermal hazard.

Exposure Scenario Reg. No. Level of 

Concern

Dermal Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Inhalation 

Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Maximum 

Application 

Rate1

(lb ai/pet)

Amount 

Handled 

Daily2

Dermal Inhalation

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)3 MOE4 Dose (mg/kg/day)5 MOE6

25 gram collar

2596-84:

Dog

0.0061:

19 gram collar

0.029 0.00055 2,900

0.010:

32 gram collar

0.049 0.00092 1,700

2596-139:

Cat

0.0032:

10 gram collar

0.015 0.00029 5,500

2596-139:

Dog

0.016:

50 gram collar

0.076 0.00144 1,100

11556-164:

Dog

0.0072:

24 gram collar

0.034 0.00065 2,500

11556-165:

Cat

0.0045: 

15 gram collar

0.021 0.00041 3,900

1 Based on registered TCVP pet product labels. 

2 Based on HED’s 2012 Residential SOPs (http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/standard-operating-procedures-residential-pesticide).

3 Dermal Dose = Dermal Unit Exposure (mg/lb ai) × Application Rate (lb ai/pet) × Area Treated or Amount Handled (pets/day) × Dermal Absorption Factor (9.6 %) ÷ Body 

Weight (69 kg). Dermal dose presented only for purpose of calculation of cancer risks for residential handlers. 

4 No dermal MOE estimated due to lack of dermal hazard. 

5 Inhalation Dose = Inhalation Unit Exposure (mg/lb ai) × Application Rate (lb ai/pet) × Area Treated or Amount Handled (pets/day) ÷ Body Weight (69 kg).

6 Inhalation MOE = Inhalation NOAEL (1.59 mg/kg/day) ÷ Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day).
Page 64 of 124

Table E.2. Residential Handler Non-cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from Use of TCVP Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray

Products. Inhalation LOC is an MOE = 300; No dermal hazard.

Exposure Scenario Reg. No. Level of 

Concern

Dermal Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Inhalation 

Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Maximum 

Application 

Rate1

(lb ai/pet)

Amount 

Handled 

Daily2

Dermal Inhalation

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)3 MOE4 Dose (mg/kg/day)5 MOE6

Application of TCVP 

Dusts/Powders

47000-123:

Dog

Inhalation:

300 1,700 3.1

0.00037:

small

2 

animals 

treated per 

day

0.0018

N/A, No 

Dermal 

Hazard

0.000034 47,000

0.00094:

medium

0.0044 0.000084 19,000

0.0015:

large

0.0071 0.00013 12,000

47000-123: 

Cat

0.000094:

small

0.00044 0.0000084 190,000

0.00023:

medium

0.0011 0.000020 79,000

0.00034:

large

0.0016 0.000030 53,000

2596-78:

Cat

0.00062:

small

0.0029 0.000056 29,000

0.0010:

large

0.0049 0.000093 17,000

2596-79; 

Dog

0.0010: 

small

0.0049 0.000093 17,000
Page 65 of 124

Table E.2. Residential Handler Non-cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from Use of TCVP Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray

Products. Inhalation LOC is an MOE = 300; No dermal hazard.

Exposure Scenario Reg. No. Level of 

Concern

Dermal Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Inhalation 

Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Maximum 

Application 

Rate1

(lb ai/pet)

Amount 

Handled 

Daily2

Dermal Inhalation

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)3 MOE4 Dose (mg/kg/day)5 MOE6

0.0021:

medium

0.0097 0.00019 8,600

0.0026: 

large

0.0122 0.00023 6,900

67517-82:

Dog

0.0011:

small

0.0053 0.00011 16,000

0.0028:

medium

0.013 0.00025 6,300

0.0045:

large

0.021 0.00040 3,900

67517-82:

Cat

0.00028:

small

0.0013 0.000025 63,000

0.00067:

medium

0.0032 0.000061 26,000

0.0010:

large

0.0048 0.000091 18,000

Application of TCVP 

Pump/Trigger Sprays

2596-126,

-140: 820 3.3

0.00055:

small 

0.0013 N/A, No 

Dermal 

Hazard

0.000053 30,000

0.00077: 0.0018 0.000074 22,000
Page 66 of 124

Table E.2. Residential Handler Non-cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from Use of TCVP Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray

Products. Inhalation LOC is an MOE = 300; No dermal hazard.

Exposure Scenario Reg. No. Level of 

Concern

Dermal Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Inhalation 

Unit 

Exposure 

(mg/lb ai)

Maximum 

Application 

Rate1

(lb ai/pet)

Amount 

Handled 

Daily2

Dermal Inhalation

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)3 MOE4 Dose (mg/kg/day)5 MOE6

Cat

(Trigger)

medium

2596-140

Cat

(Pump)

0.00011:

small

0.00026 0.000011 150,000

0.00016:

large

0.00036 0.000015 110,000

2596-125, -

140:

Dog

(Trigger)

0.00077:

small

0.0018 0.000074 22,000

0.00088:

medium

0.0020 0.000084 19,000

0.0015:

large

0.0035 0.00015 11,000

1 Based on registered TCVP pet product labels. 

2 Based on HED’s 2012 Residential SOPs (http://www2.epa.gov/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks/standard-operating-procedures-residential-pesticide)

3 Dermal Dose = Dermal Unit Exposure (mg/lb ai) × Application Rate (lb ai/pet) × Area Treated or Amount Handled (pets/day) × Dermal Absorption Factor (9.6 %) ÷ Body 

Weight (69 kg). Dermal dose presented only for purpose of calculation of cancer risks for residential handlers. 

4 No dermal MOE estimated due to lack of dermal hazard. 

5 Inhalation Dose = Inhalation Unit Exposure (mg/lb ai) × Application Rate (lb ai/pet) × Area Treated or Amount Handled (pets/day) ÷ Body Weight (69 kg).

6 Inhalation MOE = Inhalation NOAEL (1.59 mg/kg/day) ÷ Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day).
Page 67 of 124

Appendix F – Summary of Residential Handler Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates

Table F.1. Residential Handler Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from TCVP Pet Collar

Products

Reg No./ 

Animal Type Animal Size Lifestage LADD1,2 Cancer Risk Estimate3

Pet Collars - Spot-On Exposure Data (2012 Residential SOPs)

2596-49: Cat Any

Adult

8.5E-06 1.6E-08

2596-50, 62: Dog

Small 1.4E-05 2.6E-08

Medium, Large 2.4E-05 4.4E-08

2596-63: Cat

Small 1.1E-05 2.1E-08

Medium, Large 1.3E-05 2.3E-08

2596-83: Cat

Small 9.0E-06 1.7E-08

Medium, Large 1.9E-05 3.4E-08

2596-84: Dog

Small 1.4E-05 2.6E-08

Medium, Large 2.4E-05 4.4E-08

2596-139: Cat Any 7.5E-06 1.4E-08

2596-139: Dog Any 3.8E-05 6.9E-08

11556-164: Dog Any 1.7E-05 3.1E-08

11556-165: Cat Any 1.1E-05 1.9E-08

Pet Collars - TCVP Dust Applicator Exposure Data 

2596-49: Cat Any

Adult

1.2E-04 2.2E-07

2596-50, 62: Dog

Small 2.1E-04 3.8E-07

Medium, Large 3.5E-04 6.4E-07

2596-63: Cat

Small 1.6E-04 3.0E-07

Medium, Large 1.8E-04 3.4E-07

2596-83: Cat

Small 1.3E-04 2.4E-07

Medium, Large 2.7E-04 5.0E-07

2596-84: Dog

Small 2.1E-04 3.8E-07

Medium, Large 3.5E-04 6.4E-07

2596-139: Cat Any 1.1E-04 2.0E-07

2596-139: Dog Any 5.4E-04 9.9E-07

11556-164: Dog Any 2.4E-04 4.5E-07

11556-165: Cat Any 1.5E-04 2.8E-07

1 Total Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg/day) = Dermal LADD (mg/kg/day) + Inhalation LADD (mg/kg/day).

2 Dermal and Inhalation LADD equations provided in Appendix A. 

3 Cancer risk estimates = Total LADD × Q1

*

, where Q1

* = 1.83 x 10-3

(mg/kg/day)-1
Page 68 of 124

Table F.2. Residential Handler Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from TCVP Pet 

Products

Reg No./ 

Animal Type Animal Size Lifestage LADD1,2 Cancer Risk Estimate3

Dust/Powder

47000-123: Dog

Small

Adult

1.9E-05 3.5E-08

Medium 4.7E-05 8.7E-08

Large 7.6E-05 1.4E-07

47000-123: Cat

Small 4.7E-06 8.7E-09

Medium 1.1E-05 2.1E-08

Large 1.7E-05 3.1E-08

2596-78: Cat

Small 3.1E-05 5.7E-08

Medium 5.2E-05 9.6E-08

2596-79: Dog

Small 5.2E-05 9.6E-08

Medium 1.0E-04 1.9E-07

Large 1.3E-04 2.4E-07

67517-82: Dog

Small 5.7E-05 1.0E-07

Medium 1.4E-04 2.6E-07

Large 2.3E-04 4.2E-07

67517-82: Cat

Small 1.4E-05 2.6E-08

Medium 3.4E-05 6.2E-08

Large 5.1E-05 9.4E-08

Pump/Trigger Sprays

2596-126:

-140: Cat (Trigger)

Small

Adult

1.4E-05 2.5E-08

Large 1.9E-05 3.5E-08

2596-140: 

Cat (Pump)

Small 2.8E-06 5.1E-09

Large 3.9E-06 7.2E-09

2596-125, -140:

Dog (Trigger)

Small 1.9E-05 3.5E-08

Medium 2.2E-05 4.0E-08

Large 3.9E-05 7.0E-08

1 Total Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg/day) = Dermal LADD (mg/kg/day) + Inhalation LADD (mg/kg/day).

2 Dermal and Inhalation LADD equations provided in Appendix A. 

3 Cancer risk estimates = Total LADD × Q1

*

, where Q1

* = 1.83 x 10-3

(mg/kg/day)-1
Page 69 of 124

Appendix G – Summary of Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk 

Estimates

Table G.1. Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from 

TCVP Pet Collars (Liquid Formulation). Incidental Oral LOC is an MOE = 1,000. 

EPA Reg. 

No./ 

Animal

Lifestage

Post-application 

Exposure Scenario

Application 

Rate

(mg ai)1

Animal

Size

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)2 MOEs3

Route of Exposure

Amitraz Exposure Data (MRID 49468801)

2596-49: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

1,650

Small 0.0086 X

Medium 0.0051 X

Large 0.0032 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.019 X

Incidental Oral 0.0020 4,100

Dermal Medium 0.011 X

Incidental Oral 0.0012 6,800

Dermal Large 0.0070 X

Incidental Oral 0.00074 11,000

2596-50, 

62:

Dog

Adult Dermal

2,770 Small 0.0072 X

4,670 Large 0.0033 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,770 Small 0.016 X

Incidental Oral 0.0016 4,900

Dermal 4,670 Large 0.0072 X

Incidental Oral 0.00076 11,000

2596-83: 

Cat

Adult Dermal 1,750 Small 0.0091 X

3,650 Large 0.0071 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 1,750 Small 0.020 X

Incidental Oral 0.0021 3,800

Dermal 3,650 Large 0.016 X

Incidental Oral 0.0016 4,900

2596-139: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

1,460

Small 0.0076 X

Medium 0.0045 X

Large 0.0028 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.017 X

Incidental Oral 0.0017 4,600

Dermal Medium 0.010 X

Incidental Oral 0.0010 7,700

Dermal Large 0.0062 X

Incidental Oral 0.00065 12,000

11556-164:

Dog

Adult Dermal

3,290

Small 0.0085 X

Medium 0.0037 X

Large 0.0023 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.020 X

Incidental Oral 0.0019 4,100

Dermal Medium 0.0080 X

Incidental Oral 0.00084 9,600

Dermal Large 0.0051 X
Page 70 of 124

Table G.1. Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from 

TCVP Pet Collars (Liquid Formulation). Incidental Oral LOC is an MOE = 1,000. 

EPA Reg. 

No./ 

Animal

Lifestage

Post-application 

Exposure Scenario

Application 

Rate

(mg ai)1

Animal

Size

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)2 MOEs3

Route of Exposure

Incidental Oral 0.00053 15,000

11556-165:

Cat

Adult Dermal

2,060

Small 0.011 X

Medium 0.0064 X

Large 0.0040 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.023 X

Incidental Oral 0.0024 3,300

Dermal Medium 0.014 X

Incidental Oral 0.0015 5,500

Dermal Large 0.0088 X

Incidental Oral 0.00092 8,700

2596-84: 

Dog

Adult Dermal 2,770 Small 0.0072 X

4,670 Large 0.0033 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,770 Small 0.016 X

Incidental Oral 0.0016 4,900

Dermal 4,670 Large 0.0072 X

Incidental Oral 0.00076 11,000

2596-139:

Dog

Adult Dermal

7,300

Small 0.019 X

Medium 0.0081 X

Large 0.0052 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.041 X

Incidental Oral 0.0043 1,800

Dermal Medium 0.018 X

Incidental Oral 0.0019 4,300

Dermal Large 0.011 X

Incidental Oral 0.0012 6,800

2596-63: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

2,190 Small 0.011 X

2,480 Large 0.0048 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,190 Small 0.025 X

Incidental Oral 0.0026 3,100

Dermal 2,480 Large 0.011 X

Incidental Oral 0.0011 7,200

1 Based on registered TCVP pet products as detailed in Table 4.0.

2 Dose (mg/kg/day) equations provided in Appendix A.

3 MOE = Incidental Oral PoD (8.0 mg/kg/day) ÷ Dose (mg/kg/day).
Page 71 of 124

Table G.2. Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from 

TCVP Pet Collars (Liquid Formulation). Incidental Oral LOC is an MOE = 1,000.

EPA Reg. 

No./ 

Animal

Lifestage

Post-application 

Exposure Scenario

Application 

Rate

(mg ai)1

Animal

Size

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)2 MOEs3

Route of Exposure

Davis, M., et al (2008)

2596-49: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

1,650

Small 0.024 X

Medium 0.015 X

Large 0.0091 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.053 X

Incidental Oral 0.0056 1,400

Dermal Medium 0.032 X

Incidental Oral 0.0033 2,400

Dermal Large 0.020 X

Incidental Oral 0.0021 3,800

2596-50, 

62:

Dog

Adult Dermal

2,770 Small 0.020 X

4,670 Large 0.0094 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,770 Small 0.045 X

Incidental Oral 0.0047 1,700

Dermal 4,670 Large 0.021 X

Incidental Oral 0.0021 3,700

2596-83: 

Cat

Adult Dermal 1,750 Small 0.026 X

3,650 Large 0.020 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 1,750 Small 0.057 X

Incidental Oral 0.0059 1,400

Dermal 3,650 Large 0.044 X

Incidental Oral 0.0046 1,700

2596-139: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

1,460

Small 0.021 X

Medium 0.013 X

Large 0.0081 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.047 X

Incidental Oral 0.0049 1,600

Dermal Medium 0.028 X

Incidental Oral 0.0030 2,700

Dermal Large 0.018 X

Incidental Oral 0.0018 4,300

11556-164:

Dog

Adult Dermal

3,290

Small 0.024 X

Medium 0.010 X

Large 0.0066 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.053 X

Incidental Oral 0.0055 1,400

Dermal Medium 0.023 X

Incidental Oral 0.0024 3,400

Dermal Large 0.015 X

Incidental Oral 0.0015 5,300

11556-165:

Cat Adult Dermal 2,060 Small 0.030 X

Medium 0.018 X
Page 72 of 124

Table G.2. Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from 

TCVP Pet Collars (Liquid Formulation). Incidental Oral LOC is an MOE = 1,000.

EPA Reg. 

No./ 

Animal

Lifestage

Post-application 

Exposure Scenario

Application 

Rate

(mg ai)1

Animal

Size

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)2 MOEs3

Route of Exposure

Large 0.011 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.066 X

Incidental Oral 0.0069 1,200

Dermal Medium 0.040 X

Incidental Oral 0.0042 1,900

Dermal Large 0.025 X

Incidental Oral 0.0026 3,100

2596-84: 

Dog

Adult Dermal 2,770 Small 0.020 X

4,670 Large 0.0094 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,770 Small 0.045 X

Incidental Oral 0.0047 1,700

Dermal 4,670 Large 0.021 X

Incidental Oral 0.0021 3,700

2596-139:

Dog

Adult Dermal

7,300

Small 0.054 X

Medium 0.023 X

Large 0.015 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.12 X

Incidental Oral 0.012 650

Dermal Medium 0.050 X

Incidental Oral 0.0053 1,500

Dermal Large 0.032 X

Incidental Oral 0.0034 2,400

2596-63: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

2,190 Small 0.032 X

2,480 Large 0.014 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,190 Small 0.071 X

Incidental Oral 0.0074 1,100

Dermal 2,480 Large 0.030 X

Incidental Oral 0.0031 2,500

1 Based on registered TCVP pet products as detailed in Table 4.0.

2 Dose (mg/kg/day) equations provided in Appendix A.

3 MOE = Incidental Oral PoD (8.0 mg/kg/day) ÷ Dose (mg/kg/day).
Page 73 of 124

Table G.3. Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from 

TCVP Pet Collars (Solid Formulation). Incidental Oral LOC is an MOE = 1,000. 

EPA Reg. 

No./ 

Animal

Lifestage

Post-application 

Exposure Scenario

Application 

Rate

(mg ai)1

Animal

Size

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)2 MOEs3

Route of Exposure

Amitraz Exposure Data (MRID 49468801)

2596-49: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

1,650

Small 0.23 X

Medium 0.14 X

Large 0.086 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.51 X

Incidental Oral 0.49 16

Dermal Medium 0.31 X

Incidental Oral 0.30 27

Dermal Large 0.19 X

Incidental Oral 0.18 43

2596-50

and 2596-

62:

Dog

Adult Dermal

2,770 Small 0.19 X

4,670 Large 0.089 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,770 Small 0.43 X

Incidental Oral 0.41 19

Dermal 4,670 Large 0.20 X

Incidental Oral 0.19 42

2596-83: 

Cat

Adult Dermal 1,750 Small 0.24 X

3,650 Large 0.19 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 1,750 Small 0.54 X

Incidental Oral 0.52 15

Dermal 3,650 Large 0.42 X

Incidental Oral 0.41 20

2596-139: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

1,460

Small 0.20 X

Medium 0.12 X

Large 0.076 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.45 X

Incidental Oral 0.44 18

Dermal Medium 0.27 X

Incidental Oral 0.26 31

Dermal Large 0.17 X

Incidental Oral 0.16 49

11556-164:

Dog

Adult Dermal

3,290

Small 0.23 X

Medium 0.098 X

Large 0.063 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.51 X

Incidental Oral 0.49 16

Dermal Medium 0.22 X

Incidental Oral 0.21 38

Dermal Large 0.14 X

Incidental Oral 0.13 60

11556-165:

Cat Adult Dermal 2,060 Small 0.29 X

Medium 0.17 X
Page 74 of 124

Table G.3. Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from 

TCVP Pet Collars (Solid Formulation). Incidental Oral LOC is an MOE = 1,000. 

EPA Reg. 

No./ 

Animal

Lifestage

Post-application 

Exposure Scenario

Application 

Rate

(mg ai)1

Animal

Size

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)2 MOEs3

Route of Exposure

Large 0.11 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 0.63 X

Incidental Oral 0.61 13

Dermal Medium 0.38 X

Incidental Oral 0.37 22

Dermal Large 0.24 X

Incidental Oral 0.23 35

2596-84: 

Dog

Adult Dermal 2,770 Small 0.19 X

4,670 Large 0.089 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,770 Small 0.43 X

Incidental Oral 0.41 19

Dermal 4,670 Large 0.20 X

Incidental Oral 0.19 42

2596-139:

Dog

Adult Dermal

7,300

Small 0.51 X

Medium 0.22 X

Large 0.14 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal Small 1.1 X

Incidental Oral 1.1 7.3

Dermal Medium 0.48 X

Incidental Oral 0.47 17

Dermal Large 0.31 X

Incidental Oral 0.30 27

2596-63: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

2,190 Small 0.31 X

2,480 Large 0.13 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 2,190 Small 0.68 X

Incidental Oral 0.65 12

Dermal 2,480 Large 0.29 X

Incidental Oral 0.28 29

1 Based on registered TCVP pet products as detailed in Table 4.0.

2 Dose (mg/kg/day) equations provided in Appendix A.

3 MOE = Incidental Oral PoD (8.0 mg/kg/day) ÷ Dose (mg/kg/day).
Page 75 of 124

Table G.4. Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from TCVP 

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray Formulations. 

Incidental Oral LOC is an MOE = 1,000.

EPA Reg. 

No./ Animal Lifestage

Post-application 

Exposure Scenario

Application 

Rate

(mg ai)1

Animal

Size

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)2 MOEs3

Route of Exposure

Dusts/Powders

47000-123:

Dog 

Adult Dermal

170 Small 0.0041 X

430 Medium 0.0044 X

680 Large 0.0044 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

170 Small 

0.0090 X

Incidental Oral 0.0087 920

Dermal 

430 Medium

0.0096 X

Incidental Oral 0.0093 860

Dermal 

680 Large

0.0098 X

Incidental Oral 0.0095 840

47000-123:

Cat

Adult Dermal

43 Small 0.0020 X

100 Medium 0.0029 X

150 Large 0.0027 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

43 Small 

0.0045 X

Incidental Oral 0.0043 1,800

Dermal 

100 Medium

0.0065 X

Incidental Oral 0.0063 1,300

Dermal 

150 Large

0.0061 X

Incidental Oral 0.0059 1,400

2596-78: 

Cat

Adult Dermal

280 Small 0.013 X

470 Large 0.0084 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

280 Small

0.030 X

Incidental Oral 0.029 280

Dermal 

470 Large

0.019 X

Incidental Oral 0.018 450

2596-79:

Dog

Adult Dermal

470 Small 0.011 X

940 Medium 0.0096 X

1,200 Large 0.0076 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

470 Small 

0.025 X

Incidental Oral 0.024 330

Dermal 

940 Medium

0.021 X

Incidental Oral 0.021 390

Dermal 

1,200 Large

0.017 X

Incidental Oral 0.016 490

67517-82:

Dog

Adult Dermal

510 Small 0.012 X

1,300 Medium 0.013 X

2,000 Large 0.013 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

510 Small 

0.027 X

Incidental Oral 0.026 310

Dermal 1,300 Medium 0.029 X
Page 76 of 124

Table G.4. Residential Post-Application Non-Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from TCVP 

Dust/Powder and Pump/Trigger Spray Formulations. 

Incidental Oral LOC is an MOE = 1,000.

EPA Reg. 

No./ Animal Lifestage

Post-application 

Exposure Scenario

Application 

Rate

(mg ai)1

Animal

Size

Dose 

(mg/kg/day)2 MOEs3

Route of Exposure

Incidental Oral 0.028 290

Dermal 

2,000 Large

0.029 X

Incidental Oral 0.028 280

67517-82:

Cat

Adult Dermal

130 Small 0.0061 X

310 Medium 0.0088 X

460 Large 0.0082 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

130 Small 

0.013 X

Incidental Oral 0.013 610

Dermal 

310 Medium

0.019 X

Incidental Oral 0.019 430

Dermal 

460 Large

0.018 X

Incidental Oral 0.018 450

Pump/Trigger Spray

2596-126, 140: 

Cat

(Trigger)

Adult Dermal

250 Small 0.0075 X

350 Large 0.0039 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

250 Small

0.016 X

Incidental Oral 0.0017 4,700

Dermal 

350 Large

0.0086 X

Incidental Oral 0.00090 8,900

2596-140: Cat

(Pump)

Adult Dermal

51 Small 0.0015 X

71 Large 0.00080 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

51 Small 

0.0034 X

Incidental Oral 0.00035 23,000

Dermal 

71 Large

0.0018 X

Incidental Oral 0.00018 43,000

2596-125, -140:

Dog

(Trigger)

Adult Dermal

350 Small 0.0052 X

400 Medium 0.0026 X

700 Large 0.0029 X

Children

1 < 2

Dermal 

350 Small 

0.012 X

Incidental Oral 0.0012 6,600

Dermal 

400 Medium

0.0056 X

Incidental Oral 0.00059 14,000

Dermal 

700 Large

0.0063 X

Incidental Oral 0.00066 12,000

1 Based on registered TCVP pet products as detailed in Table 4.0.

2 Dose (mg/kg/day) equations provided in Appendix A.

3 MOE = Incidental Oral PoD (8.0 mg/kg/day) ÷ Dose (mg/kg/day).
Page 77 of 124

Appendix H – Summary of Residential Post-Application Cancer Exposure and Risks

Table H.1. Residential Post-Application Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from TCVP Pet 

Collar - Liquid Formulation

Animal Type Animal Size Lifestage LADD1,2 Cancer Risk Estimate3

Amitraz Exposure Data (MRID 49468801)

2596-49: Cat

Small

Adult

9.1E-04 1.7E-06

Medium 5.4E-04 1.0E-06

Large 3.4E-04 6.2E-07

2596-50,62: Dog

Small 7.6E-04 1.4E-06

Large 3.5E-04 6.4E-07

2596-83: Cat

Small 9.6E-04 1.8E-06

Large 7.5E-04 1.4E-06

2596-139: Cat

Small 8.0E-04 1.5E-06

Medium 4.8E-04 8.8E-07

Large 3.0E-04 5.5E-07

11556-164: Dog

Small 9.0E-04 1.7E-06

Medium 3.9E-04 7.1E-07

Large 2.5E-04 4.5E-07

11556-165: Cat

Small 1.1E-03 2.1E-06

Medium 6.8E-04 1.2E-06

Large 4.2E-04 7.8E-07

2596-84: Dog

Small 7.6E-04 1.4E-06

Large 3.5E-04 6.4E-07

2596-139: Dog

Small 2.0E-03 3.7E-06

Medium 8.6E-04 1.6E-06

Large 5.5E-04 1.0E-06

2596-63: Cat

Small 1.2E-03 2.2E-06

Large 5.1E-04 9.4E-07

Davis, M., et al (2008)

2596-49: Cat

Small 5.8E-03 1.1E-05

Medium 3.5E-03 6.4E-06

Large 2.2E-03 4.0E-06

2596-50,62: Dog

Small 4.9E-03 8.9E-06

Large 2.2E-03 4.1E-06

2596-83: Cat Small 6.2E-03 1.1E-05
Page 78 of 124

Table H.1. Residential Post-Application Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from TCVP Pet 

Collar - Liquid Formulation

Animal Type Animal Size Lifestage LADD1,2 Cancer Risk Estimate3

Large 4.8E-03 8.8E-06

2596-139: Cat

Small 5.1E-03 9.4E-06

Medium 3.1E-03 5.6E-06

Large 1.9E-03 3.5E-06

11556-164: Dog

Small 5.8E-03 1.1E-05

Medium 2.5E-03 4.5E-06

Large 1.6E-03 2.9E-06

11556-165: Cat

Small 7.2E-03 1.3E-05

Medium 4.3E-03 7.9E-06

Large 2.7E-03 5.0E-06

2596-84: Dog

Small 4.9E-03 8.9E-06

Large 2.2E-03 4.1E-06

2596-139: Dog

Small 1.3E-02 2.3E-05

Medium 5.5E-03 1.0E-05

Large 3.5E-03 6.4E-06

2596-63: Cat

Small 7.7E-03 1.4E-05

Large 3.3E-03 6.0E-06
Page 79 of 124

Table H.2. Residential Post-Application Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from TCVP Pet 

Collar - Solid Formulation

Animal Type Animal Size Lifestage LADD1,2 Cancer Risk Estimate3

Amitraz Exposure Data (MRID 49468801)

2596-49: Cat

Small

Adult

2.4E-02 4.5E-05

Medium 1.5E-02 2.7E-05

Large 9.2E-03 1.7E-05

2596-50,62: Dog

Small 2.1E-02 3.8E-05

Large 9.4E-03 1.7E-05

2596-83: Cat

Small 2.6E-02 4.7E-05

Large 2.0E-02 3.7E-05

2596-139: Cat

Small 2.2E-02 4.0E-05

Medium 1.3E-02 2.4E-05

Large 8.1E-03 1.5E-05

11556-164: Dog

Small 2.4E-02 4.5E-05

Medium 1.0E-02 1.9E-05

Large 6.6E-03 1.2E-05

11556-165: Cat

Small 3.0E-02 5.6E-05

Medium 1.8E-02 3.3E-05

Large 1.1E-02 2.1E-05

2596-84: Dog

Small 2.1E-02 3.8E-05

Large 9.4E-03 1.7E-05

2596-139: Dog

Small 5.4E-02 9.9E-05

Medium 2.3E-02 4.2E-05

Large 1.5E-02 2.7E-05

2596-63: Cat

Small 3.2E-02 5.9E-05

Large 1.4E-02 2.5E-05
Page 80 of 124

Table H.3. Residential Post-Application Cancer Exposure and Risk Estimates from TCVP Pet 

Products

Animal Type Animal 

Size Lifestage LADD1,2 Cancer Risk Estimate3

Dust/Powder

47000-123: Dog

Small

Adult

5.9E-04 1.1E-06

Medium 6.3E-04 1.2E-06

Large 6.4E-04 1.2E-06

47000-123: Cat

Small 2.9E-04 5.4E-07

Medium 4.2E-04 7.8E-07

Large 4.0E-04 7.3E-07

2596-78: Cat

Small 1.9E-03 3.6E-06

Large 1.2E-03 2.2E-06

2596-79: Dog

Small 1.6E-03 3.0E-06

Medium 1.4E-03 2.5E-06

Large 1.1E-03 2.0E-06

67517-82: Dog

Small 1.8E-03 3.2E-06

Medium 1.9E-03 3.5E-06

Large 1.9E-03 3.5E-06

67517-82: Cat

Small 8.8E-04 1.6E-06

Medium 1.3E-03 2.3E-06

Large 1.2E-03 2.2E-06

Pump/Trigger Spray

2596-126, 140: Cat

(Trigger)

Small

Adult

5.3E-04 9.6E-07

Large 2.8E-04 5.1E-07

2596-140: Cat

(Pump)

Small 1.1E-04 2.0E-07

Large 5.6E-05 1.0E-07

2596-125, -140: Dog

(Trigger)

Small 3.7E-04 6.7E-07

Medium 1.8E-04 3.3E-07

Large 2.0E-04 3.7E-07

1 Total Lifetime Average Daily Dose (mg/kg/day) = Dermal LADD (mg/kg/day) + Inhalation LADD (mg/kg/day).

2 Dermal and Inhalation LADD equations provided in Appendix A. 

3 Cancer risk estimates = Total LADD × Q1*, where Q1* = 1.83 x 10-3 (mg/kg/day)-1
Page 81 of 124

Appendix I – Summary of Occupational Handler Exposures and Risks

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

Mixer/Loaders

(1a) Mixing/

Loading 

Liquids for 

Groundboom 

Applications

Poultry Buildings 

(Floors)

0.00077

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000

(sq ft/day)

2.5E-04 4.9E-05 2.5E-05 9.3E-05 20,000 100,000 200,000 94,000

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick)

0.00064 2.0E-04 4.1E-05 2.0E-05 7.7E-05 2,5000 120,000 250,000 110,000

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 4.1E-05 8.3E-06 4.1E-06 1.6E-05 120,000 600,000 1,200,000 550,000

Poultry Floor 

Management 0.000064 2.0E-05 4.1E-06 2.0E-06 7.7E-06 250,000 1,200,000 2,500,000 1,100,000

(1b) Mixing/

Loading 

Liquids for 

Paint 

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Roost)

0.077

2 gallons

4.9E-07 9.8E-08 4.9E-08 1.9E-07 1.0E+07 5.1E+07 1.0E+08 4.7E+07

0.064

(lb ai/

gallon)

4.1E-07 8.1E-08 4.1E-08 1.5E-07 1.2E+07 6.1E+07 1.2E+08 5.6E+07

(2a) Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Groundboom 

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Including: 

Droppings, Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick)

0.00080

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000 

sq ft

0.050 0.010 0.0050 0.00028 170 870 1,700 31,000

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

Other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032 0.0200 0.040 0.0020 0.00011 430 2,200 4,300 78,000

(2b, 2c) 

Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Handheld 

fogger, and 

Stationary 

Poultry (Floor 

Management - 

Litter)

0.0016

(lb ai/

bird)

20,000 

birds 0.020 0.0040 0.0020 0.00011 430 2,200 4,300 78,000

0.00078

(lb ai/

sq ft) 100,000

sq ft

0.049 0.0097 0.0049 0.00027 180 890 1,800 32,000

0.00023 0.014 0.0029 0.0014 0.000080 610 3,000 6,100 110,000
Page 82 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

Fogger 

Applications

(2d) Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Paint 

Applications Poultry (Floor 

Management –

Roost)

0.080

(lb ai/

gallon)

2 gallons

1.0E-04 2.0E-05 1.0E-05 5.6E-07 87,000 430,000 870,000 16,000,000

(3a) Mixing/

Loading 

Dusts for 

Paint 

Applications

(WP Data as 

Surrogate)

0.030

(lb ai/

gallon)

3.7E-05 7.5E-06 3.7E-06 2.1E-07 230,000 1,200,000 2,300,000 41,000,000

Applicators

(4) 

Groundboom

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Including: 

Droppings, Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick, Garbage 

Piles, Manure Piles, 

Under Feed 

Troughs)

0.00080

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000

sq ft

3.9E-04 7.9E-05 3.9E-05 5.0E-05 6,300 31,000 63,000 170,000

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide, 

Walls)

0.00077 3.8E-04 7.6E-05 3.8E-05 4.8E-05 6,500 33,000 65,000 180,000

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Floor 

Management, Fowl 

Tick, Larvicide)

0.00064 3.2E-04 6.3E-05 3.2E-05 4.0E-05 7,800 39,000 78,000 220,000

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

Other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032 1.6E-04 3.2E-05 1.6E-05 2.0E-05 1,6000 78,000 160,000 430,000
Page 83 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 6.4E-05 1.3E-05 6.4E-06 8.1E-06 39,000 190,000 390,000 1,100,000

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.000064 3.2E-05 6.3E-06 3.2E-06 4.0E-06 78,000 390,000 780,000 2,200,000

(5) Open 

Pour Liquid 

Additive for 

Feed Through 

Applications

Cattle Feed

(Concentrate)

0.0039

(lb ai/ 

animal) 1,000

cows

1.2E-05 2.5E-06 1.2E-06 No Data 400,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 No Data

Cattle Feed

(Concentrate) 0.0022 7.0E-06 1.4E-06 7.0E-07 No Data 710,000 3,600,000 7,100,000 No Data

Horse Feed 0.0017 500

horses 2.7E-06 5.4E-07 2.7E-07 No Data 1,800,000 9,300,000 18,000,000 No Data

Swine Feed 0.00060 6,250

pigs 1.2E-05 2.4E-06 1.2E-06 No Data 420,000 2,100,000 4,200,000 No Data

(6a) RTU Pet 

Collar 

Applications1

- Liquid 

Formulation

Cat (2596-49) 0.0036

8

animals Inhalation exposures for the application of pet collar products are negligible. 

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Small 0.0061

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Large 0.010

Cat (2596-63) -

Small 0.0048

Cat (2596-63) -

Large 0.0055

Cat (2596-83) -

Small 0.0039

Cat (2596-83) -

Large 0.0080

Dog (2596-84) –

Small 0.0061

Dog (2596-84) –

Large 0.010

Cat (2596-139) - 

All 0.0032

Dog (2596-139) -

All 0.016

Dog (11556-164) -

All 0.0072
Page 84 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

Cat (11556-165) -

All 0.0045

(6b) RTU Pet 

Collar 

ApplicationsDust 

Formulation

Cat (2596-49) 0.0036 0.504 0.101 0.0504 No Data 680 3400 6800 No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Small 0.0061 0.854 0.171 0.0854 No Data 400 2000 4000 No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Large 0.010 1.4 0.28 0.14 No Data 250 1200 2500 No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Small 0.0048 0.672 0.134 0.0672 No Data 510 2600 5100 No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Large 0.0055 0.77 0.154 0.077 No Data 450 2200 4500 No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Small 0.0039 0.546 0.109 0.0546 No Data 630 3200 6300 No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Large 0.0080 1.12 0.224 0.112 No Data 310 1500 3100 No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Small 0.0061 0.854 0.171 0.0854 No Data 400 2000 4000 No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Large 0.010 1.4 0.28 0.14 No Data 250 1200 2500 No Data

Cat (2596-139) - 

All 0.0032 0.448 0.0896 0.0448 No Data 770 3800 7700 No Data

Dog (2596-139) -

All 0.016 2.24 0.448 0.224 No Data 150 770 1500 No Data

Dog (11556-164) -

All 0.0072 1.01 0.202 0.101 No Data 340 1700 3400 No Data

Cat (11556-165) -

All 0.0045 0.63 0.126 0.063 No Data 550 2700 5500 No Data

(7) RTU 

Dust/Powder

Applications 

Dog (47000-123) -

Small 0.00037 0.00075 0.00015 0.000075 No Data 6,600 33,000 66,000 No Data

Dog (47000-123) -

Medium 0.00094 0.0019 0.00038 0.00019 No Data 2,600 13,000 26,000 No Data

Dog (47000-123) -

Large 0.0015 0.0030 0.00061 0.00030 No Data 1,600 8,200 16,000 No Data

Cat (47000-123) -

Small 0.000090 0.00018 0.000037 0.000018 No Data 27,000 140,000 270,000 No Data

Cat (47000-123) -

Medium 0.00022 0.00045 0.000089 0.000045 No Data 11,000 56,000 110,000 No Data
Page 85 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

Cat (47000-123) -

Large 0.00034 0.00069 0.00014 0.000069 No Data 7,200 36,000 72,000 No Data

Cat (2596-78) -

Small 0.00062 0.0013 0.00025 0.00013 No Data 4,000 20,000 40,000 No Data

Cat (2596-78) -

Large 0.0010 0.0020 0.00041 0.00020 No Data 2,500 12,000 25,000 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Small 0.0010 0.0020 0.00041 0.00020 No Data 2,500 12,000 25,000 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Medium 0.0021 0.0043 0.00085 0.00043 No Data 1,200 5,900 12,000 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Large 0.0026 0.0053 0.0011 0.00053 No Data 940 4,700 9,400 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Small 0.0011 0.0022 0.00045 0.00022 No Data 2,200 11,000 22,000 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Medium 0.0028 0.0057 0.0011 0.00057 No Data 880 4,400 8,800 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Large 0.0045 0.0091 0.0018 0.00091 No Data 550 2,700 5,500 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Small 0.00028 0.00057 0.00011 0.000057 No Data 8,800 44,000 88,000 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Medium 0.00067 0.0014 0.00027 0.00014 No Data 3,700 18,000 37,000 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Large 0.0010 0.0020 0.00041 0.00020 No Data 2,500 12,000 25,000 No Data

(8) RTU 

Pump/Trigger 

Spray 

Applications

Cat (2596-126,140) 

- Trigger -Small 0.00055 0.00021 0.000042 0.000021 No Data 24,000 120,000 240,000 No Data

Cat (2596-126,140) 

- Trigger - Large 0.00077 0.00029 0.000059 0.000029 No Data 17,000 85,000 170,000 No Data

Cat (2596-140) -

Pump - Small 0.00011 0.000042 0.0000084 0.0000042 No Data 120,000 590,000 1,200,000 No Data

Cat (2596-140) -

Pump - Large 0.00016 0.000061 0.000012 0.0000061 No Data 82,000 410,000 820,000 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Small 0.00077 0.00029 0.000059 0.000029 No Data 17,000 85,000 170,000 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Medium 0.00088 0.00034 0.000067 0.000034 No Data 15,000 74,000 150,000 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Large 0.0015 0.00057 0.00012 0.000057 No Data 8,700 43,000 87,000 No Data
Page 86 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

Mixers/Loaders/Applicators

(9a) Liquid: 

Backpack 

Sprayer

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400

animals

0.0068 0.0014 0.00068 No Data 1,300 6,400 13,000 No Data

0.032 0.0056 0.0011 0.00056 No Data 1,600 7,800 16,000 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.032

(lb ai/

sq ft)

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

0.014 0.0028 0.0014 No Data 620 3,100 6,200 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

0.0045 0.00090 0.00045 No Data 1,900 9,600 19,000 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.049 0.0085 0.0017 0.00085 No Data 1,000 5,100 10,000 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0049 0.00085 0.00017 0.000085 No Data 10,000 51,000 100,000 No Data

0.0013 0.00023 0.000045 0.000023 No Data 38,000 190,000 380,000 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) 

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft

0.0067 0.0013 0.00067 No Data 1,300 6,500 13,000 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 0.0056 0.0011 0.00056 No Data 1,600 7,800 16,000 No Data

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00032

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 0.0028 0.00056 0.00028 No Data 3,100 16,000 31,000 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) -

0.00013 20,000

sq ft 0.0011 0.00023 0.00011 No Data 3,300 17,000 33,000 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 0.00068 0.00014 0.000068 No Data 7,700 38,000 77,000 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

20,000

sq ft 0.00056 0.00011 0.000056 No Data 13,000 64,000 130,000 No Data
Page 87 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

sq ft

(9b) Liquid:

ManuallyPressurized 

Handwand

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400

animals

0.0068 0.0014 0.00068 No Data 1,300 6,400 13,000 No Data

0.032 0.0056 0.0011 0.00056 No Data 1,600 7,800 16,000 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.032

(lb ai/

sq ft)

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

0.0139 0.0028 0.0014 No Data 620 3,100 6,200 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

0.0045 0.00090 0.00045 No Data 1,900 9,600 19,000 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.049 0.0085 0.0017 0.00085 No Data 1,000 5,100 10,000 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0049 0.00085 0.00017 0.000085 No Data 10,000 51,000 100,000 No Data

0.0013 0.00023 0.00045 0.000023 No Data 38,000 190,000 380,000 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) -

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft

0.0067 0.0013 0.00067 No Data 1,300 6,500 13,000 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 0.0056 0.0011 0.00056 No Data 1,600 7,800 16,000 No Data

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00031

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 0.0027 0.00054 0.00027 No Data 3,200 16,000 32,000 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) -

0.00013 20,000

sq ft 0.0011 0.00023 0.00011 No Data 7,700 38,000 77,000 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 0.00068 0.00014 0.000068 No Data 13,000 64,000 130,000 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

20,000

sq ft 0.00056 0.00011 0.000056 No Data 16,000 78,000 160,000 No Data
Page 88 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

sq ft

(9c) Liquid:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

0.018 0.0036 0.0018 No Data 490 2,400 4,900 No Data

0.032 0.015 0.0029 0.0015 No Data 590 3,000 5,900 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

0.012 0.0024 0.0012 No Data 730 3,600 7,300 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 0.049 0.023 0.0045 0.0023 No Data 380 1,900 3,800 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.0049 0.0023 0.00045 0.00023 No Data 3,800 19,000 38,000 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0013 0.00060 0.00012 0.000060 No Data 15,000 73,000 150,000 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) -

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft

0.018 0.0035 0.0018 No Data 490 2,500 4,900 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 0.015 0.0029 0.0015 No Data 590 3,000 5,900 No Data

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00032

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 0.0073 0.0015 0.00073 No Data 1,200 5,900 12,000 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 20,000sq ft 0.0030 0.00060 0.00023 No Data 2,900 15,000 29,000 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 0.0018 0.00036 0.00018 No Data 4,900 24,000 49,000 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 0.0015 0.00029 0.00015 No Data 5,900 30,000 59,000 No Data
Page 89 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

(9d) Liquid:

Backrubber 

or Facerubber

Cattle - Direct 

Applied

0.077

(lb ai/

gallon)

50 

(gallons/

day)

0.000012 0.0000025 0.0000012 No Data 410,000 2,000,000 4,100,000 No Data

0.064 0.000010 0.0000020 0.0000010 No Data 490,000 2,500,000 4,900,000 No Data

(10a) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Backpack 

Sprayer

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040

400 

animals

0.0070 0.0014 0.00070 No Data 1,200 6,200 12,000 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 0.0035 0.00070 0.00035 No Data 2,500 12,000 25,000 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 0.0070 0.0014 0.00070 No Data 1,200 6,200 12,000 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 0.0035 0.00070 0.00035 No Data 2,500 12,000 25,000 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

0.0028 0.00056 0.00028 No Data 3,100 16,000 31,000 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00016 0.0014 0.00028 0.00014 No Data 6,200 31,000 62,000 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.000080 0.00070 0.00014 0.000070 No Data 12,000 62,000 120,000 No Data

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Picnic Areas, and 

Recreational Parks

0.000040

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

0.000017 0.0000035 0.0000017 No Data 500,000 2,500,000 5,000,000 No Data
Page 90 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

(10b) 

Wettable

Powder:

ManuallyPressurized 

Handwand

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040

400 

animals

0.0067 0.0014 0.00070 No Data 1,200 6,200 12,000 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 0.0035 0.00070 0.00035 No Data 2,500 12,000 25,000 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 0.0070 0.0014 0.00070 No Data 1,200 6,200 12,000 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 0.0035 0.00070 0.00035 No Data 2,500 12,000 25,000 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

0.0028 0.00056 0.00028 No Data 3,100 16,000 31,000 No Data

0.00016 0.0014 0.00028 0.00014 No Data 6,200 31,000 62,000 No Data

0.000080 0.00070 0.00014 0.000070 No Data 12,000 62,000 120,000 No Data

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Picnic Areas, and 

Recreational Parks

0.000040

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

0.000017 0.0000035 0.0000017 No Data 500,000 2,500,000 5,000,000 No Data

(10d and 10e) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Handheld 

Fogger and 

Stationary 

Fogger

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 

0.0016

lb ai/

bird

20,000 

birds

No exposure data available for these use patterns. 0.00078

lb ai/

sq ft 20,000

sq ft Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter) 0.00023

(10f)

Wettable 

Powder: 

Rotary Duster 

(Dust -

Plunger Data 

as Surrogate)

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter)

0.00023

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 0.11 0.023 0.011 No Data 44 220 440 No Data
Page 91 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

(10g) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Plunger 

Duster (Dust 

Data as 

Surrogate)

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 

0.0016

lb ai/

bird

1,000 

birds 0.039 0.0078 0.0039 No Data 130 640 1,300 No Data

0.00078

lb ai/

sq ft 1,000

sq ft

0.019 0.0038 0.0019 No Data 260 1,300 2,600 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter) 0.00023 0.0056 0.0011 0.00056 No Data 880 4,400 8,800 No Data

(11a) Dust:

Self-Treating 

Dust Bag

Cattle

0.75

lb ai/

dust bag 10 

dust bags

0.18 0.037 0.018 No Data 27 140 270 No Data

0.38 0.093 0.019 0.0093 No Data 54 270 540 No Data

0.13 0.032 0.0064 0.0032 No Data 160 780 1,600 No Data

(11b) Dust:

Shaker Can

Cattle, Swine –

Direct Applied 

0.0075

(lb ai

/animal) 400 

animals

0.76 0.15 0.076 No Data 6.6 33 66 No Data

0.0038 0.39 0.077 0.039 No Data 13 65 130 No Data

Cattle – Direct 

Applied 0.0013 0.13 0.026 0.013 No Data 38 190 380 No Data

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

(lb ai/ 

bird)

1,000

birds 0.15 0.030 0.015 No Data 33 160 330 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management)

0.00030

(lb ai/ 

sq ft)

1,000 

sq ft

0.076 0.015 0.0076 No Data 66 330 660 No Data

Swine - Bedding 0.00020 0.051 0.010 0.0051 No Data 98 490 980 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 1,000birds 0.025 0.0051 0.0025 No Data 200 980 2,000 No Data

(11c) Dust:

Rotary Duster

(Plunger Data 

as Surrogate)

Cattle, Swine –

Direct Applied 

0.0075

(lb ai

/animal) 400

animals

0.074 0.015 0.0074 No Data 68 340 680 No Data

0.0038 0.037 0.0075 0.0037 No Data 130 670 1,300 No Data

Cattle – Direct 

Applied 0.0013 0.013 0.0026 0.0013 No Data 390 2,000 3,900 No Data

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 0.29 0.060 0.029 No Data 17 85 170 No Data
Page 92 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.00030 20,000sq ft 0.15 0.029 0.015 No Data 34 170 340 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 20,000birds 0.049 0.0098 0.0049 No Data 100 510 1,000 No Data

(11d) Dust:

Plunger 

Duster

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

lb ai/

bird

1,000

birds 0.015 0.0029 0.0015 No Data 340 1,700 3,400 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.00030 1,000sq ft 0.0074 0.0015 0.00074 No Data 680 3,400 6,800 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 1,000birds 0.0025 0.00049 0.00025 No Data 2,000 10,000 20,000 No Data

(12a) Paint: 

Brush or 

Roller

Poultry (Roost 

Paint) 

0.08 

lb ai/

gallon

2 gallons

0.00065 0.00013 0.000065 No Data 13,000 67,000 130,000 No Data

0.077 0.00063 0.00013 0.000063 No Data 14,000 69,000 140,000 No Data

0.064 0.00052 0.00010 0.000052 No Data 17,000 83,000 170,000 No Data

0.03 0.00024 0.000049 0.000024 No Data 36,000 180,000 360,000 No Data

(12b) Paint: 

Airless 

Poultry (Roost 

Paint) 

0.08 

lb ai/

gallon

2 gallons

0.0013 0.00026 0.00013 No Data 3,800 19,000 38,000 No Data

0.077 0.0013 0.00025 0.00013 No Data 4,000 20,000 40,000 No Data

0.064 0.0010 0.00021 0.00010 No Data 4,800 24,000 48,000 No Data

0.03 0.00049 0.000097 0.000049 No Data 10,000 51,000 100,000 No Data

(13) 

Solid Feed 

Additive for 

Feed Through 

Applications 

via Cup

(Granular 

Data as 

Surrogate)

Horse Feed

0.0015

(lb ai/

animal)

500 

horses

0.00014 0.000027 0.000014 No Data 37,000 180,000 370,000 No Data

0.00077 0.000070 0.000014 0.0000070 No Data 72,000 360,000 720,000 No Data

Cattle Feed

0.0022

1,000 

cows

0.00040 0.000080 0.000040 No Data 13,000 63,000 130,000 No Data

0.0017 0.00031 0.000062 0.000031 No Data 16,000 81,000 160,000 No Data

1. Inhalation exposures for exposure scenario (6) RTU Pet Collar Applications are considered negligible; therefore, the risk estimates presented are dermal MOEs and not ARIs since the 

dermal exposures are not being combined.

For risk management purposes, the currently labeled level of PPE and EC has been identified (bolded) for each individual exposure scenario.
Page 93 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

Mixer/Loaders

(10c) 

Wettable

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

MRID 

42622301

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 

animals

0.0070 No Data No Data No Data 1,200 No Data No Data No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 0.0035 No Data No Data No Data 2,500 No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 0.035 No Data No Data No Data 250 No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 0.0035 No Data No Data No Data 2,500 No Data No Data No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

0.014 No Data No Data No Data 620 No Data No Data No Data

0.00016 0.0070 No Data No Data No Data 1,200 No Data No Data No Data

0.000080 0.0035 No Data No Data No Data 2,500 No Data No Data No Data

Applicators

(10c) 

Wettable

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

MRID 

42622301

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 

animals

0.0016 No Data No Data No Data 5,300 No Data No Data No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 0.00081 No Data No Data No Data 11,000 No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 0.0081 No Data No Data No Data 1,100 No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 0.00081 No Data No Data No Data 11,000 No Data No Data No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

0.00032 20,000

sq ft

0.0033 No Data No Data No Data 2,700 No Data No Data No Data

0.00016 0.0016 No Data No Data No Data 5,300 No Data No Data No Data

0.000080 0.000812 No Data No Data No Data 11,000 No Data No Data No Data
Page 94 of 124

Table I.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Non-Cancer Risk Estimates. 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Inhalation Dose (mg/kg/day) Inhalation MOEs

(LOC is an MOE = 300)

No R PF5 R PF10 R EC No R PF5 R PF10 R EC

other Animal 

Buildings

Mixer/Loader/Applicators

(10c) 

Wettable

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

PHED

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 

animals

0.018 0.0037 0.0018 No Data 470 2,400 4,700 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 0.0092 0.0018 0.00092 No Data 950 4,700 9,500 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 0.092 0.018 0.0092 No Data 95 470 950 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 0.0092 0.0018 0.00092 No Data 950 4,700 9,500 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

0.037 0.0073 0.0037 No Data 240 1,200 2,400 No Data

0.00016 0.018 0.0037 0.0018 No Data 470 2,400 4,700 No Data

0.000080 0.0092 0.0018 0.00092 No Data 950 4,700 9,500 No Data

For risk management purposes, the currently labeled level of PPE and EC has been identified (bolded) for each individual exposure scenario.
Page 95 of 124

Appendix J – Summary of Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Mixer/Loaders

(1a) Mixing/

Loading 

Liquids for 

Groundboom 

Applications

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide, 

Walls)

0.00077

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000

(sq ft/day)

5E-07 9E-08 7E-08 5E-07 9E-08 7E-08 5E-07 9E-08 7E-08 2E-08

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Floor 

Management, Fowl 

Tick, Larvicide)

0.00064 4E-07 8E-08 6E-08 4E-07 8E-08 6E-08 4E-07 7E-08 6E-08 2E-08

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 9E-08 2E-08 1E-08 9E-08 2E-08 1E-08 9E-08 2E-08 1E-08 4E-09

Poultry Floor 

Management 0.000064 4E-08 8E-09 6E-09 4E-08 8E-09 6E-09 4E-08 7E-09 6E-09 2E-09

(1b) Mixing/

Loading 

Liquids for 

Paint 

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Roost)

0.077

2 gallons

1E-09 2E-10 1E-10 1E-09 2E-10 1E-10 1E-09 2E-10 1E-10 5E-11

0.064

(lb ai/

gallon)

9E-10 2E-10 1E-10 9E-10 2E-10 1E-10 9E-10 1E-10 1E-10 4E-11

(2a) Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Groundboom 

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Including: 

Droppings, Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick, Garbage 

Piles, Manure Piles, 

Under Feed 

Troughs)

0.00080

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000 

sq ft

1E-05 2E-06 1E-06 9E-06 6E-07 5E-07 9E-06 5E-07 4E-07 3E-08

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

Other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032 4E-06 6E-07 6E-07 4E-06 3E-07 2E-07 4E-06 2E-07 2E-07 1E-08
Page 96 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

(2b, 2c) 

Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Handheld 

Fogger, and 

Stationary 

Fogger 

Applications

Poultry (Floor 

Management - 

Litter)

0.0016

(lb ai/

bird)

20,000 

birds 4E-06 6E-07 6E-07 4E-06 3E-07 2E-07 4E-06 2E-07 2E-07 1E-08

0.00078

(lb ai/

sq ft) 100,000

sq ft

1E-05 1E-06 1E-06 9E-06 6E-07 5E-07 9E-06 5E-07 4E-07 3E-08

0.00023 3E-06 4E-07 4E-07 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 2E-07 1E-07 9E-09

(2d) Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Paint 

Applications Poultry (Floor 

Management –

Roost)

0.080

(lb ai/

gallon)

2 gallons

2E-08 3E-09 3E-09 2E-08 1E-09 1E-09 2E-08 1E-09 9E-10 6E-11

(3a) Mixing/

Loading 

Dusts for 

Paint 

Applications

(WP Data as 

Surrogate)

0.030

(lb ai/

gallon)

8E-09 1E-09 1E-09 7E-09 5E-10 4E-10 7E-09 4E-10 3E-10 2E-11

Applicators

(4) 

Groundboom

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Including: 

Droppings, Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick, Garbage 

Piles, Manure Piles, 

Under Feed 

Troughs)

0.00080

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000

sq ft

2E-07 5E-08 4E-08 2E-07 4E-08 3E-08 2E-07 4E-08 3E-08 1E-08

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide, 

Walls)

0.00077 2E-07 5E-08 4E-08 2E-07 4E-08 3E-08 2E-07 4E-08 3E-08 1E-08
Page 97 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Floor 

Management, Fowl 

Tick, Larvicide)

0.00064 2E-07 4E-08 3E-08 2E-07 3E-08 3E-08 2E-07 3E-08 3E-08 1E-08

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

Other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032 8E-08 2E-08 2E-08 8E-08 2E-08 1E-08 8E-08 2E-08 1E-08 5E-09

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 3E-08 8E-09 6E-09 3E-08 7E-09 5E-09 3E-08 7E-09 5E-09 2E-09

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.000064 2E-08 4E-09 3E-09 2E-08 3E-09 3E-09 2E-08 3E-09 3E-09 1E-09

(5) Open 

Pour Liquid 

Additive for 

Feed Through 

Applications

Cattle Feed

(Concentrate)

0.0039

(lb ai/ 

animal) 1,000

cows

3E-08 5E-09 4E-09 3E-08 5E-09 4E-09 3E-08 5E-09 3E-09 No Data

Cattle Feed

(Concentrate) 0.0022 2E-08 3E-09 2E-09 1E-08 3E-09 2E-09 1E-08 3E-09 2E-09 No Data

Horse Feed 0.0017 500

horses 6E-09 1E-09 8E-10 6E-09 1E-09 8E-10 6E-09 1E-09 8E-10 No Data

Swine Feed 0.00060 6,250

pigs 3E-08 5E-09 4E-09 3E-08 4E-09 3E-09 3E-08 4E-09 3E-09 No Data

(6a) RTU Pet 

Collar 

Applications

- Liquid 

Formulation

Cat (2596-49) 0.0036

8

animals

1E-07 6E-08 4E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Small 0.0061 2E-07 1E-07 6E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Large 0.010 3E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Small 0.0048 1E-07 8E-08 5E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Large 0.0055 2E-07 9E-08 6E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Small 0.0039 1E-07 7E-08 4E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Large 0.0080 2E-07 1E-07 8E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Small 0.0061 2E-07 1E-07 6E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
Page 98 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Dog (2596-84) –

Large 0.010 3E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-139) - 

All 0.0032 9E-08 5E-08 3E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-139) -

All 0.016 4E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (11556-164) -

All 0.0072 2E-07 1E-07 7E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (11556-165) -

All 0.0045 1E-07 8E-08 5E-08 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

(6b) RTU Pet 

Collar 

Applications

- Dust 

Formulation

Cat (2596-49) 0.0036 4E-06 3E-07 2E-07 4E-06 1E-07 1E-07 4E-06 1E-07 8E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Small 0.0061 6E-06 4E-07 4E-07 6E-06 2E-07 2E-07 6E-06 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Large 0.010 1E-05 7E-07 6E-07 1E-05 4E-07 3E-07 1E-05 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Small 0.0048 5E-06 3E-07 3E-07 5E-06 2E-07 1E-07 5E-06 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Large 0.0055 6E-06 4E-07 3E-07 6E-06 2E-07 1E-07 6E-06 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Small 0.0039 4E-06 3E-07 2E-07 4E-06 1E-07 1E-07 4E-06 1E-07 9E-08 No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Large 0.0080 8E-06 6E-07 5E-07 8E-06 3E-07 2E-07 8E-06 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Small 0.0061 6E-06 4E-07 4E-07 6E-06 2E-07 2E-07 6E-06 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Large 0.010 1E-05 7E-07 6E-07 1E-05 4E-07 3E-07 1E-05 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-139) - 

All 0.0032 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 1E-07 9E-08 3E-06 1E-07 7E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-139) -

All 0.016 2E-05 1E-06 1E-06 2E-05 6E-07 4E-07 2E-05 5E-07 4E-07 No Data

Dog (11556-164) -

All 0.0072 8E-06 5E-07 5E-07 7E-06 3E-07 2E-07 7E-06 2E-07 2E-07 No Data
Page 99 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Cat (11556-165) -

All 0.0045 5E-06 3E-07 3E-07 5E-06 2E-07 1E-07 5E-06 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

(7) RTU 

Dust/Powder

Applications 

Dog (47000-123) -

Small 0.00037 4E-07 3E-08 2E-08 4E-07 1E-08 1E-08 4E-07 1E-08 8E-09 No Data

Dog (47000-123) -

Medium 0.00094 1E-06 7E-08 6E-08 9E-07 3E-08 3E-08 9E-07 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

Dog (47000-123) -

Large 0.0015 2E-06 1E-07 9E-08 2E-06 5E-08 4E-08 2E-06 5E-08 3E-08 No Data

Cat (47000-123) -

Small 0.000090 9E-08 6E-09 6E-09 9E-08 3E-09 2E-09 9E-08 3E-09 2E-09 No Data

Cat (47000-123) -

Medium 0.00022 2E-07 2E-08 1E-08 2E-07 8E-09 6E-09 2E-07 7E-09 5E-09 No Data

Cat (47000-123) -

Large 0.00034 4E-07 2E-08 2E-08 3E-07 1E-08 9E-09 3E-07 1E-08 8E-09 No Data

Cat (2596-78) -

Small 0.00062 6E-07 4E-08 4E-08 6E-07 2E-08 2E-08 6E-07 2E-08 1E-08 No Data

Cat (2596-78) -

Large 0.0010 1E-06 7E-08 6E-08 1E-06 4E-08 3E-08 1E-06 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Small 0.0010 1E-06 7E-08 6E-08 1E-06 4E-08 3E-08 1E-06 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Medium 0.0021 2E-06 2E-07 1E-07 2E-06 8E-08 6E-08 2E-06 7E-08 5E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Large 0.0026 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 9E-08 7E-08 3E-06 8E-08 6E-08 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Small 0.0011 1E-06 8E-08 7E-08 1E-06 4E-08 3E-08 1E-06 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Medium 0.0028 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 1E-07 8E-08 3E-06 9E-08 6E-08 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Large 0.0045 5E-06 3E-07 3E-07 5E-06 2E-07 1E-07 5E-06 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Small 0.00028 3E-07 2E-08 2E-08 3E-07 1E-08 8E-09 3E-07 9E-09 6E-09 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Medium 0.00067 7E-07 5E-08 4E-08 7E-07 2E-08 2E-08 7E-07 2E-08 2E-08 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Large 0.0010 1E-06 7E-08 6E-08 1E-06 4E-08 3E-08 1E-06 3E-08 2E-08 No Data
Page 100 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

(8) RTU 

Pump/Trigger 

Spray 

Applications

Cat (2596-126,140) 

- Trigger -Small 0.00055 8E-08 7E-08 4E-08 7E-08 7E-08 4E-08 7E-08 7E-08 4E-08 No Data

Cat (2596-126,140) 

- Trigger - Large 0.00077 1E-07 1E-07 6E-08 1E-07 1E-07 5E-08 1E-07 1E-07 5E-08 No Data

Cat (2596-140) -

Pump - Small 0.00011 2E-08 1E-08 8E-09 1E-08 1E-08 8E-09 1E-08 1E-08 7E-09 No Data

Cat (2596-140) -

Pump - Large 0.00016 2E-08 2E-08 1E-08 2E-08 2E-08 1E-08 2E-08 2E-08 1E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Small 0.00077 1E-07 1E-07 6E-08 1E-07 1E-07 5E-08 1E-07 1E-07 5E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Medium 0.00088 1E-07 1E-07 7E-08 1E-07 1E-07 6E-08 1E-07 1E-07 6E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Large 0.0015 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Mixers/Loaders/Applicators

(9a) Liquid: 

Backpack 

Sprayer

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400

animals

4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 No Data

0.032 1E-06 1E-06 8E-07 1E-06 1E-06 7E-07 1E-06 1E-06 6E-07 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.032

(lb ai/

sq ft)

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 3E-06 2E-06 2E-06 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

9E-07 9E-07 6E-07 8E-07 8E-07 5E-07 8E-07 8E-07 5E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.049 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0049 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

0.0013 5E-08 5E-08 3E-08 4E-08 4E-08 3E-08 4E-08 4E-08 3E-08 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) 

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 1E-06 1E-06 9E-07 1E-06 1E-06 8E-07 1E-06 1E-06 8E-07 No Data
Page 101 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 1E-06 1E-06 8E-07 1E-06 1E-06 7E-07 1E-06 1E-06 6E-07 No Data

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00031

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) -

0.00013 20,000

sq ft 5E-07 5E-07 4E-07 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 1E-07 1E-07 9E-08 1E-07 1E-07 8E-08 1E-07 1E-07 8E-08 No Data

(9b) Liquid:

ManuallyPressurized 

Handwand

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400

animals

5E-05 4E-07 3E-07 5E-05 2E-07 2E-07 5E-05 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

0.032 4E-05 3E-07 3E-07 4E-05 2E-07 2E-07 4E-05 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.032

(lb ai/

sq ft)

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

1E-04 7E-07 7E-07 1E-04 5E-07 4E-07 1E-04 5E-07 4E-07 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

3E-05 2E-07 2E-07 3E-05 2E-07 1E-07 3E-05 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.049 6E-05 4E-07 4E-07 6E-05 3E-07 3E-07 6E-05 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0049 6E-06 4E-08 4E-08 6E-06 3E-08 3E-08 6E-06 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

0.0013 2E-06 1E-08 1E-08 2E-06 8E-09 7E-09 2E-06 7E-09 6E-09 No Data
Page 102 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) -

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft

5E-05 4E-07 3E-07 5E-05 2E-07 2E-07 5E-05 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 4E-05 3E-07 3E-07 4E-05 2E-07 2E-07 4E-05 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00031

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 2E-05 1E-07 8E-08 2E-05 9E-08 8E-08 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) -

0.00013 20,000

sq ft 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 2E-05 9E-08 8E-08 2E-05 9E-08 7E-08 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 8E-06 6E-08 5E-08 8E-06 4E-08 3E-08 8E-06 4E-08 3E-08 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 5E-06 4E-08 3E-08 5E-06 2E-08 2E-08 5E-06 2E-08 2E-08 No Data

(9c) Liquid:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

1E-06 7E-07 6E-07 9E-07 4E-07 3E-07 9E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

0.032 1E-06 6E-07 5E-07 8E-07 3E-07 2E-07 7E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

8E-07 5E-07 4E-07 6E-07 3E-07 2E-07 6E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 0.049 2E-06 9E-07 7E-07 1E-06 5E-07 3E-07 1E-06 4E-07 3E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.0049 2E-07 9E-08 7E-08 1E-07 5E-08 3E-08 1E-07 4E-08 3E-08 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0013 4E-08 2E-08 2E-08 3E-08 1E-08 8E-09 3E-08 1E-08 7E-09 No Data
Page 103 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) -

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft

1E-06 7E-07 6E-07 9E-07 4E-07 3E-07 9E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 1E-06 6E-07 5E-07 8E-07 3E-07 2E-07 7E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00031

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 5E-07 3E-07 2E-07 4E-07 2E-07 1E-07 4E-07 1E-07 9E-08 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 20,000sq ft 5E-07 3E-07 2E-07 4E-07 1E-07 1E-07 3E-07 1E-07 8E-08 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 2E-07 1E-07 9E-08 2E-07 6E-08 4E-08 2E-07 6E-08 4E-08 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 1E-07 7E-08 6E-08 9E-08 4E-08 3E-08 9E-08 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

(9d) Liquid:

Backrubber 

or Facerubber

Cattle - Direct 

Applied

0.077

(lb ai/

gallon)

50 

(gallons/

day)

3E-08 5E-09 4E-09 3E-08 5E-09 3E-09 3E-08 5E-09 3E-09 No Data

0.064 2E-08 4E-09 3E-09 2E-08 4E-09 3E-09 2E-08 4E-09 3E-09 No Data

(10a) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Backpack 

Sprayer

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040

400 

animals

1E-06 1E-06 9E-07 1E-06 1E-06 8E-07 1E-06 1E-06 8E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 7E-07 7E-07 5E-07 6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 1E-06 1E-06 9E-07 1E-06 1E-06 8E-07 1E-06 1E-06 8E-07 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 7E-07 7E-07 5E-07 6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 No Data
Page 104 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00016 3E-07 3E-07 2E-07 3E-07 3E-07 2E-07 3E-07 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.000080 1E-07 1E-07 9E-08 1E-07 1E-07 8E-08 1E-07 1E-07 8E-08 No Data

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Picnic Areas, and 

Recreational Parks

0.000040

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

3E-09 3E-09 2E-09 3E-09 3E-09 2E-09 3E-09 3E-09 2E-09 No Data

(10b) 

Wettable

Powder:

ManuallyPressurized 

Handwand

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040

400 

animals

5E-05 4E-07 3E-07 5E-05 2E-07 2E-07 5E-05 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 2E-05 2E-07 2E-07 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 5E-05 4E-07 3E-07 5E-05 2E-07 2E-07 5E-05 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 2E-05 2E-07 2E-07 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 2E-05 1E-07 8E-08 2E-05 9E-08 8E-08 No Data

0.00016 1E-05 7E-08 7E-08 1E-05 5E-08 4E-08 1E-05 5E-08 4E-08 No Data

0.000080 5E-06 4E-08 3E-08 5E-06 2E-08 2E-08 5E-06 2E-08 2E-08 No Data
Page 105 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Picnic Areas, and 

Recreational Parks

0.000040

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

1E-07 9E-10 8E-10 1E-07 6E-10 5E-10 1E-07 6E-10 5E-10 No Data

(10d and 10e) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Handheld 

Fogger and 

Stationary 

Fogger

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 

0.0016

lb ai/

bird

20,000 

birds

No exposure data available for these use patterns. 0.00078

lb ai/

sq ft 20,000

sq ft Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter) 0.00023

(10f)

Wettable 

Powder: 

Rotary Duster 

(Dust -

Plunger Data 

as Surrogate)

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter)

0.00023

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 6E-04 9E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 No Data

(10g) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Plunger 

Duster (Dust 

Data as 

Surrogate)

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 

0.0016

lb ai/

bird

1,000 

birds 9E-06 2E-06 2E-06 8E-06 1E-06 1E-06 8E-06 1E-06 1E-06 No Data

0.00078

lb ai/

sq ft 1,000

sq ft

4E-06 1E-06 9E-07 4E-06 7E-07 6E-07 4E-06 6E-07 5E-07 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter) 0.00023 1E-06 3E-07 3E-07 1E-06 2E-07 2E-07 1E-06 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

(11a) Dust:

Self-Treating 

Dust Bag

Cattle

0.75

lb ai/

dust bag 10 

dust bags

4E-05 1E-05 9E-06 4E-05 7E-06 6E-06 4E-05 6E-06 5E-06 No Data

0.38 2E-05 5E-06 4E-06 2E-05 3E-06 3E-06 2E-05 3E-06 3E-06 No Data

0.13 7E-06 2E-06 2E-06 7E-06 1E-06 1E-06 7E-06 1E-06 9E-07 No Data

(11b) Dust:

Shaker Can

Cattle, Swine –

Direct Applied 

0.0075

(lb ai

/animal)

400 

animals

4E-04 3E-05 2E-05 4E-04 1E-05 1E-05 4E-04 1E-05 8E-06 No Data

0.0038 2E-04 1E-05 1E-05 2E-04 7E-06 5E-06 2E-04 6E-06 4E-06 No Data
Page 106 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Cattle – Direct 

Applied 0.0013 7E-05 5E-06 4E-06 7E-05 2E-06 2E-06 6E-05 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

(lb ai/ 

bird)

1,000

birds 8E-05 5E-06 5E-06 8E-05 3E-06 2E-06 8E-05 2E-06 2E-06 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management)

0.00030

(lb ai/ 

sq ft)

1,000 

sq ft

4E-05 3E-06 2E-06 4E-05 1E-06 1E-06 4E-05 1E-06 8E-07 No Data

Swine - Bedding 0.00020 3E-05 2E-06 2E-06 3E-05 9E-07 7E-07 3E-05 8E-07 6E-07 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 1,000birds 1E-05 9E-07 8E-07 1E-05 5E-07 3E-07 1E-05 4E-07 3E-07 No Data

(11c) Dust:

Rotary Duster

(Plunger Data 

as Surrogate)

Cattle, Swine –

Direct Applied 

0.0075

(lb ai

/animal) 400

animals

6E-04 9E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 No Data

0.0038 6E-04 9E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 No Data

Cattle – Direct 

Applied 0.0013 6E-04 9E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 No Data

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 6E-04 9E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.00030 20,000sq ft 6E-04 9E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 20,000birds 6E-04 9E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 No Data

(11d) Dust:

Plunger 

Duster

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

lb ai/

bird

1,000

birds 6E-04 9E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 6E-04 8E-05 7E-05 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.00030 1,000sq ft 1E-05 2E-06 1E-06 1E-05 2E-06 1E-06 1E-05 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 1,000birds 3E-04 4E-05 4E-05 3E-04 4E-05 3E-05 3E-04 4E-05 3E-05 No Data

(12a) Paint: 

Brush or 

Roller

Poultry (Roost 

Paint) 

0.08 

lb ai/

gallon 2 gallons

9E-07 1E-07 1E-07 9E-07 1E-07 1E-07 9E-07 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

0.077 9E-07 1E-07 1E-07 9E-07 1E-07 1E-07 9E-07 1E-07 1E-07 No Data
Page 107 of 124

Table J.1. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Private/ Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

0.064 7E-08 1E-08 1E-08 7E-08 1E-08 9E-09 7E-08 1E-08 9E-09 No Data

0.03 3E-07 5E-08 5E-08 3E-07 5E-08 4E-08 3E-07 4E-08 4E-08 No Data

(12b) Paint: 

Airless 

Poultry (Roost 

Paint) 

0.08 

lb ai/

gallon

2 gallons

2E-07 9E-08 8E-08 2E-07 6E-08 6E-08 2E-07 6E-08 6E-08 No Data

0.077 2E-07 8E-08 8E-08 2E-07 6E-08 6E-08 2E-07 6E-08 5E-08 No Data

0.064 2E-08 7E-09 6E-09 2E-08 5E-09 5E-09 2E-08 5E-09 4E-09 No Data

0.03 9E-08 3E-08 3E-08 8E-08 2E-08 2E-08 8E-08 2E-08 2E-08 No Data

(13) 

Solid Feed 

Additive for 

Feed Through 

Applications 

via Cup

(Granular 

Data as 

Surrogate)

Horse Feed

0.0015

(lb ai/

animal)

500 

horses

1E-09 7E-10 7E-10 6E-10 2E-10 2E-10 6E-10 1E-10 1E-10 No Data

0.00077 6E-10 3E-10 3E-10 3E-10 9E-11 9E-11 3E-10 6E-11 6E-11 No Data

Cattle Feed

0.0022

1,000 

cows

2E-08 1E-08 1E-08 9E-09 3E-09 3E-09 8E-09 2E-09 2E-09 No Data

0.0017 1E-08 7E-09 7E-09 7E-09 2E-09 2E-09 7E-09 1E-09 1E-09 No Data

1. Inhalation exposures for exposure scenario (6) RTU Pet Collar Applications are considered negligible; therefore, the cancer risk estimates presented are from dermal exposures only.

For risk management purposes, the currently labeled level of PPE and EC has been identified (bolded) for each individual exposure scenario.
Page 108 of 124

Table J.2. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates for Exposure Scenario 10c with Use of Chemical-Specific Data and PHED –

Private/Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Mixer/Loaders

(10c) 

Wettable

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

MRID 

42622301

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 

animals

No Data 3E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 No Data 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft No Data 2E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds No Data 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

No Data 7E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

0.00016 No Data 3E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

0.000080 No Data 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Applicators

(10c) 

Wettable

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

MRID 

42622301

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 animals No Data 5E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 No Data 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft No Data 2E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds No Data 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

0.00032 20,000

sq ft

No Data 1E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

0.00016 No Data 5E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

0.000080 No Data 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
Page 109 of 124

Table J.2. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates for Exposure Scenario 10c with Use of Chemical-Specific Data and PHED –

Private/Farmer

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Private/Farmer

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

other Animal 

Buildings

Mixer/Loader/Applicators

(10c) 

Wettable

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

PHED

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 

animals

1E-06 7E-07 6E-07 1E-06 4E-07 3E-07 9E-07 4E-07 2E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 6E-07 4E-07 3E-07 5E-07 2E-07 1E-07 5E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 6E-06 4E-06 3E-06 5E-06 2E-06 1E-06 5E-06 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 6E-07 4E-07 3E-07 5E-07 2E-07 1E-07 5E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

3E-06 1E-06 1E-06 2E-06 8E-07 5E-07 2E-06 7E-07 4E-07 No Data

0.00016 1E-06 7E-07 6E-07 1E-06 4E-07 3E-07 9E-07 4E-07 2E-07 No Data

0.000080 6E-07 4E-07 3E-07 5E-07 2E-07 1E-07 5E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

For risk management purposes, the currently labeled level of PPE and EC has been identified (bolded) for each individual exposure scenario.
Page 110 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Mixer/Loaders

(1a) Mixing/

Loading 

Liquids for 

Groundboom 

Applications

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide, 

Walls)

0.00077

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000

(sq ft/day)

2E-06 3E-07 2E-07 2E-06 3E-07 2E-07 2E-06 3E-07 2E-07 7E-08

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Floor 

Management, Fowl 

Tick, Larvicide)

0.00064 1E-06 2E-07 2E-07 1E-06 2E-07 2E-07 1E-06 2E-07 2E-07 6E-08

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 3E-07 5E-08 4E-08 3E-07 5E-08 4E-08 3E-07 5E-08 4E-08 1E-08

Poultry Floor 

Management 0.000064 1E-07 2E-08 2E-08 1E-07 2E-08 2E-08 1E-07 2E-08 2E-08 6E-09

(1b) Mixing/

Loading 

Liquids for 

Paint 

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Roost)

0.077

2 gallons

3E-09 6E-10 4E-10 3E-09 5E-10 4E-10 3E-09 5E-10 4E-10 1E-10

0.064

(lb ai/

gallon)

3E-09 5E-10 4E-10 3E-09 5E-10 3E-10 3E-09 4E-10 3E-10 1E-10

(2a) Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Groundboom 

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Including: 

Droppings, Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick, Garbage 

Piles, Manure Piles, 

Under Feed 

Troughs)

0.00080

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000 

sq ft

3E-05 5E-06 4E-06 3E-05 2E-06 2E-06 3E-05 2E-06 1E-06 9E-08

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

Other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032 1E-05 2E-06 2E-06 1E-05 8E-07 7E-07 1E-05 6E-07 5E-07 4E-08

(2b, 2c) 

Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Handheld 

Poultry (Floor 

Management - 

Litter)

0.0016

(lb ai/

bird)

20,000 

birds 1E-05 2E-06 2E-06 1E-05 8E-07 7E-07 1E-05 6E-07 5E-07 4E-08

0.00078

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000

sq ft 3E-05 4E-06 4E-06 3E-05 2E-06 2E-06 3E-05 2E-06 1E-06 9E-08
Page 111 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Fogger, and 

Stationary 

Fogger 

Applications

0.00023 9E-06 1E-06 1E-06 8E-06 6E-07 5E-07 8E-06 5E-07 4E-07 3E-08

(2d) Mixing/

Loading 

Wettable 

Powders for 

Paint 

Applications Poultry (Floor 

Management –

Roost)

0.080

(lb ai/

gallon)

2 gallons

6E-08 9E-09 9E-09 6E-08 4E-09 3E-09 6E-08 3E-09 3E-09 2E-10

(3a) Mixing/

Loading 

Dusts for 

Paint 

Applications

(WP Data as 

Surrogate)

0.030

(lb ai/

gallon)

2E-08 3E-09 3E-09 2E-08 1E-09 1E-09 2E-08 1E-09 1E-09 7E-11

Applicators

(4) 

Groundboom

Applications

Poultry Buildings

(Including: 

Droppings, Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick, Garbage 

Piles, Manure Piles, 

Under Feed 

Troughs)

0.00080

(lb ai/

sq ft)

100,000

sq ft

6E-07 1E-07 1E-07 6E-07 1E-07 1E-07 6E-07 1E-07 1E-07 4E-08

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide, 

Walls)

0.00077 6E-07 1E-07 1E-07 6E-07 1E-07 9E-08 6E-07 1E-07 9E-08 4E-08

Poultry Buildings 

(Including: Floor 

Management, Fowl 

Tick, Larvicide)

0.00064 5E-07 1E-07 1E-07 5E-07 1E-07 8E-08 5E-07 1E-07 8E-08 3E-08

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 0.00032 2E-07 6E-08 5E-08 2E-07 5E-08 4E-08 2E-07 5E-08 4E-08 2E-08
Page 112 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Swine Barns, or 

Other Animal 

Buildings

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 1E-07 2E-08 2E-08 9E-08 2E-08 2E-08 9E-08 2E-08 2E-08 7E-09

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.000064 5E-08 1E-08 1E-08 5E-08 1E-08 8E-09 5E-08 1E-08 8E-09 3E-09

(5) Open 

Pour Liquid 

Additive for 

Feed Through 

Applications

Cattle Feed

(Concentrate)

0.0039

(lb ai/ 

animal) 1,000

cows

8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 No Data

Cattle Feed

(Concentrate) 0.0022 5E-08 8E-09 6E-09 4E-08 8E-09 6E-09 4E-08 8E-09 6E-09 No Data

Horse Feed 0.0017 500

horses 2E-08 3E-09 2E-09 2E-08 3E-09 2E-09 2E-08 3E-09 2E-09 No Data

Swine Feed 0.00060 6,250

pigs 8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 No Data

(6a) RTU Pet 

Collar 

Applications1

Liquid 

Formulation

Cat (2596-49) 0.0036

8

animals

3E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Small 0.0061 5E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Large 0.010 8E-07 5E-07 3E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Small 0.0048 4E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Large 0.0055 5E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Small 0.0039 3E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Large 0.0080 7E-07 4E-07 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Small 0.0061 5E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Large 0.010 8E-07 5E-07 3E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (2596-139) - 

All 0.0032 3E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dog (2596-139) -

All 0.016 1E-06 8E-07 5E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
Page 113 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Dog (11556-164) -

All 0.0072 6E-07 4E-07 2E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Cat (11556-165) -

All 0.0045 4E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

(6b) RTU Pet 

Collar 

ApplicationsDust 

Formulation

Cat (2596-49) 0.0036 1E-05 8E-07 7E-07 1E-05 4E-07 3E-07 1E-05 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Small 0.0061 2E-05 1E-06 1E-06 2E-05 7E-07 5E-07 2E-05 6E-07 4E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-50,62) -

Large 0.010 3E-05 2E-06 2E-06 3E-05 1E-06 8E-07 3E-05 9E-07 7E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Small 0.0048 2E-05 1E-06 9E-07 1E-05 5E-07 4E-07 1E-05 5E-07 3E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-63) -

Large 0.0055 2E-05 1E-06 1E-06 2E-05 6E-07 4E-07 2E-05 5E-07 4E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Small 0.0039 1E-05 8E-07 7E-07 1E-05 4E-07 3E-07 1E-05 4E-07 3E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-83) -

Large 0.0080 3E-05 2E-06 2E-06 2E-05 9E-07 6E-07 2E-05 8E-07 5E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Small 0.0061 2E-05 1E-06 1E-06 2E-05 7E-07 5E-07 2E-05 6E-07 4E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-84) –

Large 0.010 3E-05 2E-06 2E-06 3E-05 1E-06 8E-07 3E-05 9E-07 7E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-139) - 

All 0.0032 1E-05 7E-07 6E-07 1E-05 3E-07 3E-07 1E-05 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-139) -

All 0.016 5E-05 3E-06 3E-06 5E-05 2E-06 1E-06 5E-05 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

Dog (11556-164) -

All 0.0072 2E-05 2E-06 1E-06 2E-05 8E-07 6E-07 2E-05 7E-07 5E-07 No Data

Cat (11556-165) -

All 0.0045 1E-05 1E-06 9E-07 1E-05 5E-07 4E-07 1E-05 4E-07 3E-07 No Data

(7) RTU 

Dust/Powder

Applications 

Dog (47000-123) -

Small 0.00037 1E-06 8E-08 7E-08 1E-06 4E-08 3E-08 1E-06 4E-08 2E-08 No Data

Dog (47000-123) -

Medium 0.00094 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 1E-07 8E-08 3E-06 9E-08 6E-08 No Data
Page 114 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Dog (47000-123) -

Large 0.0015 5E-06 3E-07 3E-07 5E-06 2E-07 1E-07 5E-06 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

Cat (47000-123) -

Small 0.000090 3E-07 2E-08 2E-08 3E-07 1E-08 7E-09 3E-07 9E-09 6E-09 No Data

Cat (47000-123) -

Medium 0.00022 7E-07 5E-08 4E-08 7E-07 2E-08 2E-08 7E-07 2E-08 1E-08 No Data

Cat (47000-123) -

Large 0.00034 1E-06 7E-08 6E-08 1E-06 4E-08 3E-08 1E-06 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

Cat (2596-78) -

Small 0.00062 2E-06 1E-07 1E-07 2E-06 7E-08 5E-08 2E-06 6E-08 4E-08 No Data

Cat (2596-78) -

Large 0.0010 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 1E-07 8E-08 3E-06 9E-08 7E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Small 0.0010 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 1E-07 8E-08 3E-06 9E-08 7E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Medium 0.0021 7E-06 5E-07 4E-07 6E-06 2E-07 2E-07 6E-06 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-79) -

Large 0.0026 8E-06 6E-07 5E-07 8E-06 3E-07 2E-07 8E-06 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Small 0.0011 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 1E-07 9E-08 3E-06 1E-07 7E-08 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Medium 0.0028 9E-06 6E-07 5E-07 8E-06 3E-07 2E-07 8E-06 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Dog (67517-82) -

Large 0.0045 1E-05 1E-06 9E-07 1E-05 5E-07 4E-07 1E-05 4E-07 3E-07 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Small 0.00028 9E-07 6E-08 5E-08 8E-07 3E-08 2E-08 8E-07 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Medium 0.00067 2E-06 1E-07 1E-07 2E-06 7E-08 5E-08 2E-06 6E-08 5E-08 No Data

Cat (67517-82) -

Large 0.0010 3E-06 2E-07 2E-07 3E-06 1E-07 8E-08 3E-06 9E-08 7E-08 No Data

(8) RTU 

Pump/Trigger 

Spray 

Applications

Cat (2596-126,140) 

- Trigger -Small 0.00055 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 2E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-126,140) 

- Trigger - Large 0.00077 3E-07 3E-07 2E-07 3E-07 3E-07 2E-07 3E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Cat (2596-140) -

Pump - Small 0.00011 5E-08 4E-08 3E-08 4E-08 4E-08 2E-08 4E-08 4E-08 2E-08 No Data
Page 115 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Cat (2596-140) -

Pump - Large 0.00016 7E-08 6E-08 4E-08 7E-08 6E-08 3E-08 6E-08 6E-08 3E-08 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Small 0.00077 3E-07 3E-07 2E-07 3E-07 3E-07 2E-07 3E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Medium 0.00088 4E-07 3E-07 2E-07 4E-07 3E-07 2E-07 4E-07 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Dog (2596-125,-

140) - Large 0.0015 6E-07 6E-07 3E-07 6E-07 6E-07 3E-07 6E-07 6E-07 3E-07 No Data

Mixers/Loaders/Applicators

(9a) Liquid: 

Backpack 

Sprayer

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400

animals

1E-05 1E-05 6E-06 1E-05 1E-05 6E-06 1E-05 1E-05 6E-06 No Data

0.032 3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.032

(lb ai/

sq ft)

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

8E-06 8E-06 6E-06 8E-06 8E-06 5E-06 8E-06 7E-06 5E-06 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 2E-06 2E-06 2E-06 2E-06 2E-06 2E-06 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.049 5E-06 5E-06 3E-06 5E-06 5E-06 3E-06 5E-06 5E-06 3E-06 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0049 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 5E-07 5E-07 3E-07 No Data

0.0013 1E-07 1E-07 9E-08 1E-07 1E-07 8E-08 1E-07 1E-07 8E-08 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) 

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft

4E-06 4E-06 3E-06 4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 3E-06 3E-06 2E-06 No Data

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00031

lb ai/

20,000

birds 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 No Data
Page 116 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

bird

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) -

0.00013 20,000

sq ft 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 1E-06 1E-06 9E-07 1E-06 1E-06 9E-07 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 7E-07 7E-07 5E-07 6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 6E-07 6E-07 4E-07 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 4E-07 4E-07 3E-07 4E-07 4E-07 2E-07 4E-07 4E-07 2E-07 No Data

(9b) Liquid:

ManuallyPressurized 

Handwand

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400

animals

1E-04 1E-06 1E-06 1E-04 7E-07 6E-07 1E-04 7E-07 6E-07 No Data

0.032 1E-04 9E-07 8E-07 1E-04 6E-07 5E-07 1E-04 5E-07 5E-07 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.032

(lb ai/

sq ft)

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

3E-04 2E-06 2E-06 3E-04 1E-06 1E-06 3E-04 1E-06 1E-06 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

1E-04 7E-07 7E-07 1E-04 5E-07 4E-07 1E-04 4E-07 4E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.049 2E-04 1E-06 1E-06 2E-04 9E-07 8E-07 2E-04 8E-07 7E-07 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0049 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 2E-05 9E-08 8E-08 2E-05 8E-08 7E-08 No Data

0.0013 5E-06 4E-08 3E-08 5E-06 2E-08 2E-08 5E-06 2E-08 2E-08 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) -

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft

1E-04 1E-06 1E-06 1E-04 7E-07 6E-07 1E-04 7E-07 6E-07 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 1E-04 9E-07 8E-07 1E-04 6E-07 5E-07 1E-04 5E-07 5E-07 No Data
Page 117 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00031

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 6E-05 4E-07 4E-07 6E-05 3E-07 3E-07 6E-05 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) -

0.00013 20,000

sq ft 6E-05 4E-07 4E-07 6E-05 3E-07 2E-07 6E-05 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 2E-05 2E-07 2E-07 2E-05 1E-07 1E-07 2E-05 1E-07 9E-08 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 1E-05 1E-07 1E-07 1E-05 7E-08 6E-08 1E-05 7E-08 6E-08 No Data

(9c) Liquid:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.039

(lb ai/

animal)

400 

animals

4E-06 2E-06 2E-06 3E-06 1E-06 8E-07 3E-06 1E-06 6E-07 No Data

0.032 3E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 9E-07 6E-07 2E-06 9E-07 5E-07 No Data

Woody Borders of 

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Recreational Parks, 

Footpaths and 

Roadways 

0.026

(lb ai/

animal)

3E-06 1E-06 1E-06 2E-06 8E-07 5E-07 2E-06 7E-07 4E-07 No Data

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Applied 0.049 5E-06 3E-06 2E-06 4E-06 1E-06 1E-06 3E-06 1E-06 8E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Applied 0.0049 5E-07 3E-07 2E-07 4E-07 1E-07 1E-07 3E-07 1E-07 8E-08 No Data

Lactating Dairy 

Cattle - Direct 

Applied 

0.0013 1E-07 7E-08 6E-08 9E-08 4E-08 3E-08 9E-08 3E-08 2E-08 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Walls, Ceilings, 

Floors, Larvicide) -

0.00077

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft

4E-06 2E-06 2E-06 3E-06 1E-06 8E-07 3E-06 1E-06 6E-07 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Floor Management, 

Fowl Tick, 

Larvicide) 

0.00064 3E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 9E-07 6E-07 2E-06 9E-07 5E-07 No Data
Page 118 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Poultry (Caged) -

Direct Applied 

0.00031

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 2E-06 9E-07 7E-07 1E-06 5E-07 3E-07 1E-06 4E-07 3E-07 No Data

Poultry Buildings 

(Flies Residual) 0.00013 20,000sq ft 1E-06 8E-07 7E-07 1E-06 4E-07 3E-07 1E-06 4E-07 2E-07 No Data

Poultry (Chicken on 

Litter) - Direct 

Applied 

0.000078

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 6E-07 4E-07 3E-07 5E-07 2E-07 1E-07 5E-07 2E-07 1E-07 No Data

Poultry Floor 

Management 

0.000064

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 4E-07 2E-07 2E-07 3E-07 1E-07 8E-08 3E-07 1E-07 6E-08 No Data

(9d) Liquid:

Backrubber 

or Facerubber

Cattle - Direct 

Applied

0.077

(lb ai/

gallon)

50 

(gallons/

day)

8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 8E-08 1E-08 1E-08 No Data

0.064 7E-08 1E-08 9E-09 7E-08 1E-08 9E-09 7E-08 1E-08 9E-09 No Data

(10a) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Backpack 

Sprayer

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040

400 

animals

4E-06 4E-06 3E-06 4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 4E-06 4E-06 3E-06 4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 4E-06 4E-06 2E-06 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 2E-06 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

0.00016 8E-07 8E-07 6E-07 8E-07 8E-07 5E-07 8E-07 7E-07 5E-07 No Data
Page 119 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

other Animal 

Buildings

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.000080 4E-07 4E-07 3E-07 4E-07 4E-07 2E-07 4E-07 4E-07 2E-07 No Data

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Picnic Areas, and 

Recreational Parks

0.000040

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

1E-08 1E-08 7E-09 9E-09 9E-09 6E-09 9E-09 9E-09 6E-09 No Data

(10b) 

Wettable

Powder:

ManuallyPressurized 

Handwand

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040

400 

animals

1E-04 1E-06 1E-06 1E-04 7E-07 6E-07 1E-04 7E-07 6E-07 No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 7E-05 5E-07 5E-07 7E-05 4E-07 3E-07 7E-05 3E-07 3E-07 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 1E-04 1E-06 1E-06 1E-04 7E-07 6E-07 1E-04 7E-07 6E-07 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 7E-05 5E-07 5E-07 7E-05 4E-07 3E-07 7E-05 3E-07 3E-07 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

6E-05 4E-07 4E-07 6E-05 3E-07 3E-07 6E-05 3E-07 2E-07 No Data

0.00016 3E-05 2E-07 2E-07 3E-05 1E-07 1E-07 3E-05 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

0.000080 1E-05 1E-07 1E-07 1E-05 7E-08 6E-08 1E-05 7E-08 6E-08 No Data

Kennels, Yards, 

Campgrounds, 

Picnic Areas, and 

Recreational Parks

0.000040

1,000

sq ft

(spot)

4E-07 3E-09 3E-09 4E-07 2E-09 2E-09 4E-07 2E-09 1E-09 No Data

(10d and 10e) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Handheld 

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 

0.0016

lb ai/

bird

20,000 

birds No exposure data available for these use patterns. 

0.00078 20,000
Page 120 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Fogger and 

Stationary 

Fogger

lb ai/

sq ft

sq ft

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter) 0.00023

(10f)

Wettable 

Powder: 

Rotary Duster 

(Dust -

Plunger Data 

as Surrogate)

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter)

0.00023

lb ai/

sq ft

20,000

sq ft 2E-03 3E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 No Data

(10g) 

Wettable 

Powder: 

Plunger 

Duster (Dust 

Data as 

Surrogate)

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 

0.0016

lb ai/

bird

1,000 

birds 3E-05 6E-06 6E-06 3E-05 4E-06 4E-06 2E-05 4E-06 3E-06 No Data

0.00078

lb ai/

sq ft 1,000

sq ft

1E-05 3E-06 3E-06 1E-05 2E-06 2E-06 1E-05 2E-06 2E-06 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter) 0.00023 4E-06 9E-07 8E-07 4E-06 6E-07 5E-07 4E-06 6E-07 5E-07 No Data

(11a) Dust:

Self-Treating 

Dust Bag

Cattle

0.75

lb ai/

dust bag 10 

dust bags

1E-04 3E-05 3E-05 1E-04 2E-05 2E-05 1E-04 2E-05 2E-05 No Data

0.38 6E-05 1E-05 1E-05 6E-05 1E-05 9E-06 6E-05 9E-06 8E-06 No Data

0.13 2E-05 5E-06 5E-06 2E-05 3E-06 3E-06 2E-05 3E-06 3E-06 No Data

(11b) Dust:

Shaker Can

(Plunger Data 

Surrogate)

Cattle, Swine –

Direct Applied 

0.0075

(lb ai

/animal) 400 

animals

1E-03 8E-05 7E-05 1E-03 4E-05 3E-05 1E-03 4E-05 3E-05 No Data

0.0038 6E-04 4E-05 4E-05 6E-04 2E-05 2E-05 6E-04 2E-05 1E-05 No Data

Cattle – Direct 

Applied 0.0013 2E-04 1E-05 1E-05 2E-04 7E-06 5E-06 2E-04 6E-06 4E-06 No Data

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

(lb ai/ 

bird)

1,000

birds 2E-04 2E-05 1E-05 2E-04 8E-06 6E-06 2E-04 7E-06 5E-06 No Data
Page 121 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Poultry (Floor 

Management)

0.00030

(lb ai/ 

sq ft)

1,000 

sq ft

1E-04 8E-06 7E-06 1E-04 4E-06 3E-06 1E-04 4E-06 3E-06 No Data

Swine - Bedding 0.00020 8E-05 5E-06 5E-06 8E-05 3E-06 2E-06 8E-05 2E-06 2E-06 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 1,000birds 4E-05 3E-06 2E-06 4E-05 1E-06 1E-06 4E-05 1E-06 8E-07 No Data

(11c) Dust:

Rotary Duster

(Plunger Data

as Surrogate)

Cattle, Swine –

Direct Applied 

0.0075

(lb ai

/animal) 400

animals

2E-03 3E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 No Data

0.0038 2E-03 3E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 No Data

Cattle – Direct 

Applied 0.0013 2E-03 3E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 No Data

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

lb ai/

bird

20,000

birds 2E-03 3E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.00030 20,000sq ft 2E-03 3E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 20,000birds 2E-03 3E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 No Data

(11d) Dust:

Plunger 

Duster

Poultry (Dust Box) 

– Direct Applied

0.00060

lb ai/

bird

1,000

birds 2E-03 3E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 2E-03 2E-04 2E-04 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management) 0.00030 1,000sq ft 3E-05 5E-06 4E-06 3E-05 5E-06 4E-06 3E-05 5E-06 4E-06 No Data

Poultry (Wire Cage) 

– Direct Applied 0.00010 1,000birds 8E-04 1E-04 1E-04 8E-04 1E-04 1E-04 8E-04 1E-04 1E-04 No Data

(12a) Paint: 

Brush or 

Roller

Poultry (Roost 

Paint) 

0.08 

lb ai/

gallon 2 gallons

3E-06 4E-07 4E-07 3E-06 4E-07 3E-07 3E-06 4E-07 3E-07 No Data

0.077 3E-06 4E-07 4E-07 3E-06 4E-07 3E-07 3E-06 3E-07 3E-07 No Data

0.064 2E-07 3E-08 3E-08 2E-07 3E-08 3E-08 2E-07 3E-08 3E-08 No Data
Page 122 of 124

Table J.3. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates – Contract/ Commercial 

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/ Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

0.03 1E-06 1E-07 1E-07 1E-06 1E-07 1E-07 1E-06 1E-07 1E-07 No Data

(12b) Paint: 

Airless 

Poultry (Roost 

Paint) 

0.08 

lb ai/

gallon

2 gallons

7E-07 3E-07 2E-07 6E-07 2E-07 2E-07 6E-07 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

0.077 7E-07 2E-07 2E-07 6E-07 2E-07 2E-07 6E-07 2E-07 2E-07 No Data

0.064 6E-08 2E-08 2E-08 5E-08 2E-08 1E-08 5E-08 1E-08 1E-08 No Data

0.03 3E-07 1E-07 9E-08 2E-07 7E-08 7E-08 2E-07 7E-08 6E-08 No Data

(13) 

Solid Feed 

Additive for 

Feed Through 

Applications 

via Cup

(Granular 

Data as 

Surrogate)

Horse Feed

0.0015

(lb ai/

animal)

500 

horses

3E-09 2E-09 2E-09 2E-09 5E-10 5E-10 2E-09 3E-10 3E-10 No Data

0.00077 2E-09 1E-09 1E-09 1E-09 3E-10 3E-10 9E-10 2E-10 2E-10 No Data

Cattle Feed

0.0022

1,000 

cows

5E-08 3E-08 3E-08 3E-08 8E-09 8E-09 3E-08 5E-09 5E-09 No Data

0.0017 4E-08 2E-08 2E-08 2E-08 6E-09 6E-09 2E-08 4E-09 4E-09 No Data

1. Inhalation exposures for exposure scenario (6) RTU Pet Collar Applications are considered negligible; therefore, the cancer risk estimates presented are from dermal exposures only.

For risk management purposes, the currently labeled level of PPE and EC has been identified (bolded) for each individual exposure scenario.

Table J.4. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates for Exposure Scenario 10c with Use of Chemical-Specific Data and PHED –

Contract/Commercial

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Mixer/Loaders

(10c) 

Wettable

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 

animals

No Data 1E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 No Data 5E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 0.00080 20,000sq ft No Data 5E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data
Page 123 of 124

Table J.4. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates for Exposure Scenario 10c with Use of Chemical-Specific Data and PHED –

Contract/Commercial

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

MRID 

42622301

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds No Data 5E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

No Data 2E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

0.00016 No Data 1E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

0.000080 No Data 5E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Applicators

(10c) 

Wettable

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

MRID 

42622301

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 animals No Data 1E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 No Data 7E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft No Data 7E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds No Data 7E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

No Data 3E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

0.00016 No Data 1E-06 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

0.000080 No Data 7E-07 No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data No Data

Mixer/Loader/Applicators

(10c) 

Wettable

Beef Cattle - Direct 

Spray 0.040 400 animals 4E-06 2E-06 2E-06 3E-06 1E-06 8E-07 3E-06 1E-06 7E-07 No Data
Page 124 of 124

Table J.4. TCVP Occupational Handler Cancer Risk Estimates for Exposure Scenario 10c with Use of Chemical-Specific Data and PHED –

Contract/Commercial

Exposure 

Scenario

Crop or Target App. 

Ratea

(lb ai/

unit)

Area 

Treatedb

(units/ 

day)

Contract/Commercial

SL/NoG

No R

SL/G

NoR

DL/G

No R

SL/NoG

PF5 R

SL/G

PF5 R

DL/G

PF5 R

SL/No G

PF10 R

SL.G

PF10 R

DL/G

PF10 R EC

Powder:

Mechanically

-Pressurized 

Handgun

PHED

Swine - Direct 

Spray 0.020 2E-06 1E-06 9E-07 1E-06 6E-07 4E-07 1E-06 5E-07 3E-07 No Data

Poultry (Floor 

Management Litter, 

Fowl Tick), Poultry 

Droppings, Manure 

Piles, Garbage Piles, 

Under Feed Troughs 

0.00080 20,000

sq ft 2E-05 1E-05 9E-06 1E-05 6E-06 4E-06 1E-05 5E-06 3E-06 No Data

Poultry (Wire 

Cages) - Direct 

Spray 

0.00040 20,000

birds 2E-06 1E-06 9E-07 1E-06 6E-07 4E-07 1E-06 5E-07 3E-07 No Data

Dairy Barns, 

Poultry Houses, 

Swine Barns, or 

other Animal 

Buildings

0.00032

20,000

sq ft

8E-06 4E-06 4E-06 6E-06 2E-06 2E-06 6E-06 2E-06 1E-06 No Data

0.00016 4E-06 2E-06 2E-06 3E-06 1E-06 8E-07 3E-06 1E-06 7E-07 No Data

0.000080 2E-06 1E-06 9E-07 1E-06 6E-07 4E-07 1E-06 5E-07 3E-07 No Data

For risk management purposes, the currently labeled level of PPE and EC has been identified (bolded) for each individual exposure scenario.