If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to 

revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.

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S T A T E O F M I C H I G A N

C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

UNPUBLISHED

In re MUNOZ/RODRIGUEZ/RUIZ, Minors. May 18, 2023

No. 362981

Wayne Circuit Court

Family Division

LC No. 2021-000943-NA

Before: GLEICHER, C.J., and HOOD and MALDONADO, JJ.

PER CURIAM.

Respondent, E. Ruiz, appeals as of right the trial court’s order terminating her parental 

rights to her minor children LRM, LEM, XEM, GR, and JAR pursuant to MCL 712A.19b(3)(g)

(failure to provide proper care or custody) and (j) (reasonable likelihood of harm to the child if 

returned). We affirm. 

I. BACKGROUND

In November 2019, respondent abruptly left her romantic partner and the biological father 

of LRM, LEM, and XEM, A. Munoz. Despite the fact that Munoz never legally established his 

parentage to the children, respondent left LRM, LEM, and XEM in his care without the legal 

authority needed to care for them. Respondent left GR and JAR, whose fathers were unknown, 

with her mother, R. Barboza, also failing to leave her with legal authority over the children. 

Respondent seldom visited the children during the period between November 2019 and the 

summer of 2021. When she did visit, she would show up unannounced. She also failed to regularly 

check on them or provide financial support. For much of this period, her whereabouts were

unknown. 

In June 2021, respondent’s younger sister disclosed that she was sexually abused by Munoz 

when she would visit respondent and Munoz’s apartment before they separated in 2019. 

Respondent’s sister was a 10-year-old minor at the time of the abuse. This disclosure led to the 

removal of LRM, LEM, and XEM, who the Department of Health and Human Services (“DHHS”) 

then placed with Barboza. In October 2021, DHHS filed a petition to terminate respondent’s 

parental rights to the children at the initial dispositional hearing on the basis of respondent’s 

abandonment of her children. The trial court offered supervised visitation while the proceedings 

were pending, but the respondent rarely visited the children. Respondent failed to attend several 
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court hearings, did not maintain contact with the caseworker, and did not regularly inform her 

mother, her attorney, or the caseworker of her whereabouts and contact information. Respondent 

did not appear for the first day of the adjudication trial, participated in the second day of trial by 

phone from a location in California, and participated in the third day of trial by Zoom after 

returning to Michigan; however, she did not attend the final hearing at which the trial court 

assessed whether termination of parental rights was in the best interests of the children. At the 

conclusion of the four-day hearing, the trial court found that grounds for termination were proved

pursuant to MCL 712A.19b(3)(g) and by clear and convincing evidence that termination of 

respondent’s parental rights was in the children’s best interests. This appeal followed.

II. REASONABLE EFFORTS

Respondent argues that the trial court erred by terminating her parental rights without first 

offering services. We disagree.

Because respondent never argued prior to appeal that the trial court could not properly 

terminate her parental rights without offering her an opportunity to participate in services, this 

issue is unpreserved. See In re v Terry, 240 Mich App 14, 26; 610 NW2d 563 (2000); In re 

Atchley, ___ Mich App ___, ___; ___ NW2d ___ (2022) (Docket Nos. 358502 & 358503); slip op 

at 2; In re Frey, 297 Mich App 242, 247; 824 NW2d 569 (2012). Accordingly, we review for 

plain error affecting respondent’s substantial rights. In re Utrera, 281 Mich App 1, 8; 761 NW2d 

253 (2008). As explained in In re Utrera:

Generally, an error affects substantial rights if it caused prejudice, i.e., it affected 

the outcome of the proceedings. When plain error has occurred, “[r]eversal is 

warranted only when the plain, forfeited error resulted in the conviction of an 

actually innocent defendant or when an error seriously affect[ed] the fairness, 

integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings independent of the defendant’s 

innocence.” [Id. at 9 (citations omitted).]

Respondent, as the party asserting error, has the burden of demonstrating a plain error affecting 

her substantial rights. People v Jones, 468 Mich 345, 355; 662 NW2d 376 (2003). 

In general, DHHS “has an affirmative duty to make reasonable efforts to reunify a family 

before seeking termination of parental rights.” In re Hicks/Brown, 500 Mich 79, 85; 893 NW2d 

637 (2017). However, reunification efforts are not required when “aggravated circumstances” 

exist. MCL 712A.19a(1)(a). Two of such circumstances include the “[a]bandoment of a young 

child” and “placing the child at an unreasonable risk of harm due to the parent's failure to take 

reasonable steps to intervene to eliminate that risk . . . .” MCL 722.638(1)(a)(i), (2). In this case, 

the record thoroughly and unequivocally established that respondent abandoned all five of her 

children. Respondent left three of her children with Munoz and two with Barboza without giving 

them the appropriate legal authority needed to take care of them; she did not execute a power of 

attorney, she did not establish a guardianship, and she did not establish Munoz as a legal father. 

She also provided no financial support and went months at a time without visiting them. Moreover, 

LRM, LEM, and XEM were placed at an unreasonable risk of harm by respondent leaving them

in the care of a person who sexually abused her younger sister while she and the children were at 

the home with him.
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Respondent makes a cursory reference to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 42 

USC 1201 et seq., stating that “it appears Appellant mother was intitled [sic] to additional services 

pursuant to the American Disability Act [sic] which the Agency never provided.” However, 

respondent did not cite any specific provisions of the ADA and, likewise, did not explain how the 

ADA entitled her to services or what services were not provided. “It is not sufficient for a party 

simply to announce a position or assert an error and then leave it up to this Court to discover and 

rationalize the basis for [the party’s] claims, or unravel and elaborate [for the party that party’s] 

arguments, and then search for authority either to sustain or reject [the party’s] position.” Wilson 

v Taylor, 457 Mich 232, 243; 577 NW2d 100 (1997) (quotation marks and citation omitted). Thus, 

respondent has likewise failed to establish plain error concerning the ADA.

Therefore, because respondent abandoned all five children and left three in the care of a 

man who sexually abused respondent’s minor sister, she has not established plain error with respect 

to DHHS’s decision not to provide reasonable efforts toward reunification.

III. STATUTORY GROUNDS

Respondent argues that the trial court clearly erred by finding that clear and convincing 

evidence supported a statutory ground for termination. We disagree. 

“This Court reviews for clear error the trial court’s ruling that a statutory ground for 

termination has been established and its ruling that termination is in the children’s best interests.” 

In re Schadler, 315 Mich App 406, 408; 890 NW2d 676 (2016) (citation omitted). “A finding is 

clearly erroneous if, although there is evidence to support it, [this Court] is left with a definite and 

firm conviction that a mistake has been made.” Id. at 408 (citation omitted). “In applying the 

clear error standard in parental termination cases, regard is to be given to the special opportunity 

of the trial court to judge the credibility of the witnesses who appeared before it.” Id. at 409

(quotation marks and citation omitted). 

The trial court terminated respondent’s parental rights pursuant to MCL 712A.19b(3)(g) 

and (j), which permit termination of parental rights under the following circumstances:

(g) The parent, although, in the court’s discretion, financially able to do so, 

fails to provide proper care or custody for the child and there is no reasonable 

expectation that the parent will be able to provide proper care and custody within a 

reasonable time considering the child’s age.

* * *

(j) There is a reasonable likelihood, based on the conduct or capacity of the 

child’s parent, that the child will be harmed if he or she is returned to the home of 

the parent.

The evidence clearly established MCL 712A.19b(3)(g), and because only one ground for 

termination need be proved, we decline to review MCL 712A.19b(3)(j). See In re Ellis, 294 Mich 

App 30, 32; 817 NW2d 111 (2011) (“Only one statutory ground need be established by clear and 

convincing evidence to terminate a respondent’s parental rights, even if the court erroneously 

found sufficient evidence under other statutory grounds.”).
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Before these proceedings began, respondent left all five children in the care of Barboza and 

Munoz without ever again attempting to care for them. She failed to regularly visit or check on 

them. At trial, Barboza described respondent as “a very unstable person,” and explained that weeks

would often go by without the family knowing her whereabouts. When respondent would visit the 

children, which was infrequent, it was not on a set schedule, and “she would just come by and see 

them like every so often.” Respondent admitted to using cocaine and acknowledged that she had 

received mental health treatment for major depressive disorder, postpartum depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder without establishing that she benefitted from any 

treatment she received. 

After the petition was filed in October 2021, respondent was provided with the opportunity 

for supervised visitation with her children, but she continued with her perpetual lack of 

engagement. She failed to attend several court hearings, and she did not regularly visit her 

children, check in on them, or financially support them. Indeed, at one point, respondent went to 

California without giving notice to DHHS, and she never contacted the children while in 

California. When respondent returned to Michigan, the caseworker set up a schedule for visitation

three days a week, for two hours each day, but respondent never attended any of the scheduled 

visits. Respondent also failed to attend the best-interest hearing on July 29, 2022, and neither her 

counsel nor the caseworker knew her whereabouts. According to the caseworker, respondent’s 

last reported visit with the children was in January 2022. 

In sum, clear and convincing evidence demonstrated that respondent disengaged from her 

children’s lives almost two years before DHHS became involved. She did not visit them regularly 

or check on them, and did not maintain regular contact with her family, who often did not know 

her whereabouts. This same pattern continued after the petition was filed. Respondent did not 

regularly visit her children, did not maintain contact with the caseworker, failed to attend several 

court hearings, and her mother, who was caring for the children, often did not know respondent’s 

whereabouts. Under these circumstances, the trial court did not clearly err by finding that 

respondent failed to provide proper care and custody for her children and would not do so within 

a reasonable period of time. 

IV. BEST INTERESTS

Respondent argues that the trial court clearly erred by finding that termination of her 

parental rights was in the children’s best interests. We disagree. 

If a trial court finds that the statutory grounds for termination have been established, it must 

order termination of parental rights only if it finds that doing so is in the best interests of the child. 

MCL 712A.19b(5). This Court reviews a trial court’s finding that termination is in the child’s 

best interests for clear error. In re Olive/Metts Minors, 297 Mich App 35, 40; 823 NW2d 144 

(2012). “A trial court’s decision is clearly erroneous [i]f although there is evidence to support it, 

the reviewing court on the entire evidence is left with the definite and firm conviction that a 

mistake has been made.” Id. at 41 (quotation marks and citation omitted; alteration in original).

When determining if termination is in the best interests of the children, the trial court may 

consider factors such as “the child’s bond to the parent, the parent’s parenting ability, the child’s 

need for permanency, stability, and finality, and the advantages of a foster home of the parent’s 
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home.” Id. at 41-42. (citations omitted). “[B]ecause a child's placement with relatives weighs 

against termination under MCL 712A.19a(6)(a), the fact that a child is living with relatives when 

the case proceeds to termination is a factor to be considered in determining whether termination is 

in the child's best interests.” Id. at 43 (quotation marks and citation omitted). Other factors that 

the trial court can consider include the parent’s compliance with the service plan and the parent’s 

visitation history. In re White, 303 Mich App 701, 713-714; 846 NW2d 61 (2014).

At the time of the best-interest hearing in July 2022, the caseworker did not know 

respondent’s whereabouts and had not heard from her since May 2022 when respondent reported 

she returned to Michigan from California. Following her return, the caseworker set up a visitation 

schedule for respondent at Barboza’s home three days a week, for two hours each visit, but 

respondent never attended any of the scheduled visits. According to the caseworker, respondent’s

last scheduled visit was in January 2022. 

All five children had been placed with Barboza since October 2021, and GR and JAR had 

been with her since November 2019. Barboza had taken care of the children “off and on” since 

their birth, long before the children were placed with her. Additionally, she had taken care of their 

medical needs and provided for them without financial support from respondent. The caseworker 

reported that all five children were doing well in their placement, and “[t]hey have a really strong 

and loving bond with” Barboza. The children referred to Barboza as their mother, and Barboza 

was willing to care for them long term. Although Barboza favored a guardianship arrangement,

she also told the caseworker that “whatever was best for the children she would be in support of.” 

The caseworker did believe there was some bond between the children and respondent. If 

respondent did not appear for visitation, “it would spark behaviors, spark them to get upset. Hurt 

feelings behind not being able to see her.” Accordingly, Barboza generally would not tell the 

children when respondent was planning to visit because she did not want them to become upset if

and when respondent did not show up. The caseworker testified that termination of respondent’s 

parental rights was in the children’s best interests because “mom hasn’t been around with the kids. 

Hasn’t visited. Hasn’t maintained contact information. If something was [sic] to go wrong we 

have no way to reach out to her.” 

Given these facts, the trial court did not clearly err by finding that termination of 

respondent’s parental rights was in the children’s best interests. 

To the extent that respondent argues that termination was not warranted due to the 

children’s relative placement, this argument is not persuasive. When considering a child’s best 

interests, the child’s placement with a relative is a factor that weighs against termination but is not 

dispositive. A trial court may still terminate parental rights when a child is placed with a relative 

if termination is in nonetheless the child’s best interests. Atchley, ___ Mich App at ___; slip op at 

7. In this case, the trial court duly considered that the children were placed with their maternal 

grandmother and this impacted on its analysis, but it also observed that respondent had not made 

any meaningful effort to engage with the children during their placement, both before and after the 

petition was filed. With there being no evidence that respondent had any interest in fostering a 

relationship with her children, the trial court did not clearly err by finding that termination of 

respondent’s parental rights was in the children’s best interests despite the relative placement.
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Affirmed. 

/s/ Elizabeth L. Gleicher

/s/ Noah P. Hood

/s/ Allie Greenleaf Maldonado