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[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 60 (Monday, March 30, 2015)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 16592-16593]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-07221]

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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

9 CFR Parts 1 and 2

[Docket No. APHIS-2014-0050]

Petition To Define Alternatives to Procedures That May Cause Pain 
or Distress and To Establish Standards Regarding Consideration of These 
Alternatives

AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Notice of petition.

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SUMMARY: We are notifying the public that the Animal and Plant Health 
Inspection Service has received a petition requesting that we amend the 
Animal Welfare Act (AWA) regulations to define the term alternatives, 
clarify the existing definition of painful procedure, and establish 
standards governing the consideration of such alternatives at research 
facilities that are registered under the AWA regulations. We are making 
this petition available to the public and soliciting comments regarding 
the petition and any issues raised by the petition that we should take 
into account as we consider this petition.

DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or before May 
29, 2015.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by either of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=APHIS-2014-0050.
     Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Send your comment to 
Docket No. APHIS-2014-0050, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, 
APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700 River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-
1238.
    Supporting documents and any comments we receive on this docket may 
be viewed at http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=APHIS-2014-
0050 or in our reading room, which is located in room 1141 of the USDA 
South Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, 
DC. Normal reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through 
Friday, except holidays. To be sure someone is there to help you, 
please call (202) 799-7039 before coming.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Carol Clarke, Research Program 
Manager, USDA, APHIS, Animal Care, 4700 River Road Unit 84, Riverdale, 
MD 20737-1234; (301) 851-3751.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Animal Welfare Act (AWA, 7 U.S.C. 2131 
et seq.) authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture to promulgate 
standards and other requirements governing research facilities. The 
Secretary has delegated the responsibility for enforcing the AWA to the 
Administrator of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 
(APHIS). Within APHIS, the responsibility for administering the AWA has 
been delegated to the Deputy Administrator for Animal Care.
    Regulations and standards promulgated under the AWA are contained 
in Title 9 of the Code of Federal Regulations, parts 1, 2, and 3 
(referred to collectively below as the AWA regulations). Part 1 
contains definitions of terms used within parts 2 and 3. Part 2 
contains licensing and registration regulations, regulations specific 
to research facilities, and regulations governing veterinary care,

[[Page 16593]]

animal identification, recordkeeping, access for inspection, 
confiscation of animals, and handling, among other requirements. Within 
part 2, subpart C contains the regulations specific to research 
facilities.
    Among other requirements, research facilities, other than Federal 
research facilities, must register with APHIS and appoint an 
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). The IACUC, which 
must be composed of a chairperson and at least two other members, is 
required to perform certain functions in order to ensure the facility's 
compliance with the AWA regulations.
    As one of these functions, the IACUC must review proposed 
activities involving animals that are performed at the facility, as 
well as significant changes in ongoing activities, in order to 
determine that the principle investigator has considered alternatives 
to procedures that may cause more than momentary or slight pain or 
distress to the animals, and has provided a written narrative 
description of the methods and sources used to determine that 
alternatives were not available.
    On October 30, 2013, APHIS received a petition from the Physicians 
Committee for Responsible Medicine (referred to below as PCRM) 
requesting that we initiate rulemaking to amend the AWA regulations. 
Specifically, PCRM asks that we amend part 1 to add a definition of the 
term alternatives in order to delineate what a primary investigator is 
required to consider in lieu of a procedure that may cause more than 
momentary or slight pain or distress to the animals. The petition also 
asks that we amend the existing definition of painful procedure in 
order to codify a long-standing APHIS policy that a procedure should be 
considered to be painful if it may cause more than momentary or slight 
pain of distress to the animals, even if this pain is subsequently 
relieved through anesthesia. Finally, the petition asks that we amend 
part 2 to specify what must occur as part of a consideration of 
alternatives.
    The petition states that the intent of the AWA is to authorize 
research facilities to undertake procedures likely to produce pain or 
distress in animals only if no alternatives exist to these procedures, 
and that the AWA regulations support this interpretation of the AWA 
itself. The petition suggests, however, that because of ambiguities in 
the AWA regulations, research facilities have sometimes construed them 
to mean that cursory deliberation regarding alternatives suffices to 
meet this regulatory and statutory requirement to consider 
alternatives. The petition states that, by amending the AWA regulations 
in the manner that PCRM suggests, we would remove these ambiguities and 
facilitate regulatory compliance.
    We are making this petition available to the public and soliciting 
comments to help determine what action, if any, to take in response to 
this request. The petition and any comments submitted are available for 
review as indicated under ADDRESSES above. We welcome all comments on 
the issues outlined in the petition. In particular, we invite responses 
to the following questions:
    1. Should APHIS establish regulatory standards for consideration of 
alternatives to procedures that may cause more than momentary or slight 
pain or distress to animals?
    2. What constitutes an alternative to a procedure that may cause 
more than momentary or slight pain or distress? If we amend the AWA 
regulations to define the term alternative, what definition should we 
use?
    3. What constitutes a thorough consideration of alternatives? Does 
this differ depending on the nature of the research conducted? If so, 
how?
    4. Who should make a determination regarding the thoroughness of a 
primary investigator's consideration of alternatives: The IACUC for a 
facility, APHIS, or both parties?
    5. If the IACUC and APHIS should jointly make a determination, 
which responsibilities should fall to APHIS and which to the IACUC in 
terms of evaluating thoroughness?
    6. What documentation should the primary investigator provide to 
demonstrate that he or she has done a thorough consideration of 
alternatives?
    We encourage the submission of scientific data, studies, or 
research to support your comments and position. We also invite data on 
the costs and benefits associated with any recommendations. We will 
consider all comments and recommendations we receive.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 2131-2159; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.7.

    Done in Washington, DC, this 24th day of March 2015.
Jere L. Dick,
Acting Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[FR Doc. 2015-07221 Filed 3-27-15; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 3410-34-P
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