PB92-190222

SURVEY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED MARINE MAMMAL

RESEARCH AND STUDIES, FY74 - FY91

George H. Waring

May 1992

u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Technical Information Service

NTIS
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved

OM8 No 0704·0188

puolle 'eoarWI:;: :::ur(l~" fe' :rus COllectIon ::;1 ."tofrT'anor ,~ ~stlmateC to a~er<lc't' ' "Cur Ol!" 'esper-se, Iflcludlng tnl! time re' rev'e......m; instructIons. sear~nlr;g {'••Slln; Cillil sources

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"1 PB92-190222 12. REPORT DATE 13. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

May 1992

4. TITLE AND SUBTiTlE

Survey of Federally~Funded Marine Mammal

Research and Studies, FY74 - FY91

6. AUTHOR(S)

George H. Waring

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Department of Zoology

Southern Illinois University

Carbondale, Illinois 62901

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

1825 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Room 512

Washington, DC 20009

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Contract T75136103

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

The data and information contained in this report were

form, to the involved agencies for review and comment.

consider the contents of this report to be accurate.

given, in final

The agencies

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Standard rorm 298 (Rev 2·89) Pr'!~Cfloea b~ ANSI ')tCl l39·!f1 'u': .~;
PB92-190222

SURVEY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED

MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES

FY74 - FY91

George H. Waring, PhD

Department of Zoology

Southern minois University

Carbondale, Illinois 62901

May 1992

Final Report to U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

in Fulfillment of Contract T-75136103

Availability Unlimited

Prepared for

U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W.· Room 512

Washington, D.C. 20009

REPRODUCED BY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE

SPRINGFIELD. VA. 22161
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE 11

LIST OF TABLES v

LIST OF FIGURES vi

LIST OF ACRONYMS vii

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS 1

Federal Agencies Funding Marine Mammal Research and Studies 2

Reference List ofPrevious Surveys Compiled by the Author

and Available from the National Technical Information Service 5

Number of Marine Mammal Research Projects Supported by

Federal Agencies in FY74-FY91 6

Trends in Federal Support of Marine Mammal Research

--By Number of Projects Supported, FY74-FY91.. 7

--By Agency, FY76-FY91 8

--By Geographical Region, FY76-FY91.. 9

--By Taxonomic Group, FY76-FY91.. 10

--By Research Issue, FY76-FY91.. 12

II. RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED...... 17

Research Responsibilities of Federal Agencies

Under the Acl. 18

Federal Funding Authorized, Requested, and .

Appropriated Under the Acl. 20

Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research Other Than

Appropriated Under Authority of the Act by the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and

Wildlife Service, FY74-FY91 22

iii
PREFACE

The Marine Mammal Protection Act directs the Marine Mammal Commission, among other

things, to conduct a continuing review of research programs conducted or proposed to be

conducted under the authority of the Act. To help meet this responsibility, the Commission

annually surveys other Federal agencies known or thought to be conducting or supporting

research or studies bearing upon the conservation and protection of marine mammals.

Information provided in response to the annual surveys is summarized in this report.

The summary is an update of previous summaries prepared by the author for the Marine

Mammal Commission (see Table 1). The user of this summary will find the Table of Contents

helpful for locating specific information and for understanding the organization and breadth ofthe

material provided. The first section is an overview of all Federally-funded research involving

.marine mammals. The second section focuses upon research and studies conducted under

authority of the Act. The last section lists all research and study projects identified by the

surveys. Appendix A is a list of publications identified by the agencies as sources (or pending

sources) of marine mammal information resulting from Federally-funded research and studies.

Appendix B lists recent projects beginning with FY90. Comprehensive summaries ofresearch

and studies conducted or supported by Federal agencies in fiscal years 1970 through 1979, and

from fiscal years 1980 through 1989, are provided in the FY70-FY79 and FY70-FY89 reports,

respectively (see p. 5).

Agencies vary in their ability to identify and retrieve information on marine mammal

research and studies. Also completeness and accuracy of information provided to the

Commission varies by agency and by year. One problem in this regard is the ability of various

agencies to differentiate between administrative, management, enforcement, and research costs.

Consequently, some of the amounts reported herein may cover activities other than research.

March 16, 1992

ii

George H. Waring, PhD

Carbondale, IL
Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research by the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and

Wildlife Service, FY74-FY9l 23

Number of Personnel Assigned to Marine Mammal

Administration and Research Activities in the National

Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife

Service, FY74-FY9l 24

APPENDIX A

Published Sources of Marine Mammal Information

From Federally-Funded Research and Studies 25

APPENDIX B

Energy 39

Defense 38

Commerce 30

--Department of

--Department of

--Department of

--Department of

Listing of Marine Mammal Research and Study Projects,

Principal Investigators, and Funding Levels for FY90-FY91.. 29

Agriculture 30

--Department of Health and Human Services 40

--Department of the Interior 41

--Department of State 49

--Environmental Protection Agency 50

--Marine Mammal Commission 50

--National Aeronautics and Space Administration 53

--National Science Foundation 54

--Smithsonian Institution 56

IV
Table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

1. Reference list of previous surveys compiled by the

author and available from the National Technical

Information Service 5

2. Number of marine mammal research projects supported by

Federal agencies in FY7 4-FY91 6

3. Federal funding of marine mammal research 8

4. Regionally oriented marine mammal research in waters

adjacent to the United States 9

5. Taxonomic summary of Federally-funded marine mammal research l0

6. Federal funding of marine mammal research by research issue 12

7. Federal funding under the Marine Mammal Protection Act 20

8. Funds expended on marine mammal research other than

those appropriated under authority ofthe Marine Marnmal

Protection Act 22

9. Number of personnel assigned to marine mammal activities

in the National Marine Fisheries Service and the

Fish and Wildlife Service, FY74-FY91.. 24

v
Figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

1. Trends in Federal support of marine mammal research:

Total number of marine mammal projects reported

to the Marine Mammal Commission, FY74-FY91.. 7

2. Funds expended on marine mammal research by the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish

and Wildlife Service, FY74-FY91.. 23

VI
ACfOliym

AFSC

AFWRC

DOC

OOD

OOE

DHHS

DOl

DOS

DWRC

EPA

FWS

FY

IWC

11MC

11MPA

11MS

NASA

NEFSC

NERC

NFWL

NIH

NMFS

NMML

NOAA

NOSC

NOPPO

NPFMC

NPS

NSF

NSGCP

NWFSC

OCRM

OCS

OCSEAP

ORCA

OMA

SEFSC

SI

SWFSC

TQ

USAF

USDA

USGS

LIST OF ACRONYMS

Definition

Alaska Fisheries Science Center

Alaska Fish and Wildlife Research Center

Department ofCommerce

Department of Defense

Department ofEnergy

Department of Health and Human Services

Department of the Interior

Department of State

Denver Wildlife Research Center

Environmental Protection Agency

Fish and Wildlife Service

Fiscal Year

International Whaling Commission

Marine Mammal Commission

Marine Mammal Protection Act

Minerals Management Service

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

National Ecology Reseach Center

National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory

National Institutes of Health

National Marine Fisheries Service

National Marine Mammal Laboratory

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Naval Ocean Systems Center

National Ocean Pollution Program Office

North Pacific Fisheries Management Council

National Park Service

National Science Foundation

National Sea Grant College Program

Northwest Fisheries Science Center

Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

Outer Continental Shelf

Outer Continental ShelfEnvironmental Assessment Program

Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment

Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment (now ORCA)

Southeast Fisheries Science Center

Smithsonian Institution

Southwest Fisheries Science Center

Transition Quarter (July-September 1976)

U.S. Air Force

U.S. Department of Agriculture

U.S. Geological Survey

vii
1

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS

INVOLVING MARINE MAMMALS

Fourteen department-level Federal agencies reported funding marine

mammal research and studies from FY74 through FY91. Often more than one

agency within the larger departments funded research. Some agencies funded

projects in all years, whereas others supported research or studies during only

part of the period. The Department of Transportation (i.e., Coast Guard) and

the Veterans Administration gave support to a few projects early in the period;

but since no funher suppon has occurred in the past decade, those agencies are

no longer included in this survey. The following section in this chapter

reviews the types of studies that have been supported by agencies that have

funded marine mammal research during at least four ofthe preceding ten years.

Table 1 lists previous survey information on Federally-funded marine mammal

research and studies which is available through the National Technical

Information Service.

The average annual number of projects funded with Federal monies

during the period FY74-FY9l was 149.8 (Table 2). The trends of these data

are depicted in Figure 1. Data for 1976 include the l2-month fiscal year plqs a

transition quarter (TQ76 = July through September 1976) when the first day of

the Federal fiscal year was shifted from 1 July to 1 October. Total funds

reponed expended by each agency annually for marine mammal research and

studies are shown in Table 3. Funding by geographical region, taxonomic

group, and research issue are listed in Tables 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
2

FEDERAL AGENCIES FUNDING MARINE MAMMAL

RESEARCH AND STUDIES

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

The Department of Agriculture has conducted studies associated with marine mammal

health, environmental damage assessment, and economic interrelationships. These studies have

included the San Miguel sea lion virus, investigations of epizootics, and natural resource planning.

Department of Commerce (DOC)

The Department of Commerce, through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS),

conducts marine mammal and fisheries research with emphasis on resource surveys, basic biology,

ecological interactions, and resource management for use in conserving living marine resources.

For example, recent NMFS research programs have included Eastern Tropical Pacific

tuna/porpoise interactions and the recovery of North Pacific fur seals, Steller sea lions, Hawaiian

monk seals, and endangered whales. The cetaceans and pinnipeds (exclusive of the walrus) are

among the responsibilities of this department. Research funding is heavily committed to

assessment of marine mammal populations and any impacts associated with fisheries and other

human activities. More recently, support for studys to determine the causes of unusual marine

mammal mortality events have also been supported as well as a national marine mammal tissue

banking program. Other units within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

(NOAA) have supported studies on marine mammals, including the National Ocean Pollution

Program Office (NOPPO), the National Sea Grant College Program (NSGCP), the Office of

Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (OCRM), and the Office of Ocean Resources

Conservation and Assessment (ORCA) [formerly called the Office of Oceanography and Marine

Assessment (OMA)]. Additionally, the North Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NPFMC)

has supported studies. The Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program

(OCSEAP), managed by NOAA/ORCA, is responsible for parts of the Alaska OCS research.

OCSEAP was created through interagency agreement between NOAA and what is now the

Minerals Management Service (MMS); project funding comes from MMS.

Department of Defense (DOD)

The Department of Defense conducts marine mammal research through the Headquarters

Space Division of the Air Force, the Army Corps of Engineers, and for Navy, the Naval Ocean

Systems Center (NOSe) and the Office of Naval Research. DOD research varies from basic

environmental impact studies to applied military research to monitoring abundance and distribution

of marine mammals at military facilities and bases. Differentiating marine mammals from military

targets, furthering the understanding of the undersea environment, and the utilization of marine

mammals with specific behavioral traits for applied research are the major thrusts of the Navy

program; studies on behavior modification, health and husbandry, bioacoustics, cognition and

memory, as well as sensory perception are supported.
3

Department of Energy (DOE)

The Department of Energy occasionally supports marine mammal research. Studies have

focused primarily on energy flow in aquatic ecosystems as well as on problems associated with

monitoring marine mammals.

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

The Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institutes of Health,

funds some research on marine mammals; the research is basically oriented toward understanding

mammalian morphology, genetics, physiology, and health (including disease processes).

Department of the Interior (DOl)

The Department of the Interior, through the Minerals Management Service (MMS),

supports environmental assessment studies involving the effects of outer continental shelf (OCS)

development on marine mammals and their habitats. Special studies on the effects of oil spills,

noise, and other variables associated with oil and gas activities are also supported. The Fish .and

Wildlife Service (FWS) supports management related research on the biology, population

dynamics, and ecology of walrus, sea otter, polar bear, and sirenians (manatees and dugong). The

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted research on marine mammal paleontology, and the

National Park Service (NPS) supports some marine mammal studies relative to national park,

seashore, and monument development and management.

Department of State (DOS)

The Department of State supports studies to compile and evaluate information on Antarctic

and other treaty negotiations that may have a bearing on marine mammals and other marine species.

Funds are also provided to further cetacean-related research of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna

Commission and the International Whaling Commission, and other organizations.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The Environmental Protection Agency supports marine mammal research through the study

and monitoring of pollutant levels in coastal and pelagic marine organisms and assisting efforts to

study causes of marine mammal die-off events.

Marine Mammal Commission (MMC)

The Marine Mammal Commission supports research and studies pertaining to the

conservation and protection of marine mammals to improve the operation of the Marine Mammal

Protection Act. Policy studies; methodological research; information overviews; issue-specific

research on population assessment, critical habitats, taking, man-induced hazards, ecological interrelationships, and socio-economic/legai aspects of marine mammal conservation; and reviews of

agency actions and research under the Act are integrated into the directed research program of the

Commission.
4

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration supports research on marine marnmal

assessment and monitoring, especially for the manatees utilizing the environment of the Kennedy

Space Center.

National Science Foundation (NSF)

Through its various divisions, the National Science Foundation supports marine mammal

research, although there is no directed effort on marine mammals per se. Some studies of Antarctic

marine mammals have been supported through this agency in accordance with the Antarctic Treaty.

Smithsonian Institution (SI)

The Smithsonian Institution, through the National Zoological Park as well as the

Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Paleobiology of the Museum of Natural

History, supports marine mammal research on evolutionary and general biology, including a

salvage program and national stranding data base.
5

TABLE 1

Reference list of previous surveys compiled by the author

and available from the National Technical Information Service

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies. FY70-FY79. Publication PB81-174336.

National Technical Information Service. Springfield. Virginia. 235 p. (1981)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies. FY70-FY80. Publication PB81-242059.

National Technical Information Service. Springfield. Virginia 43 p. (1981)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies. FY70-FY81. Publication PB82-227570.

National Technical Information Service. Springfield. Virginia. 65 p. (1982)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies. FY70-FY82. Publication PB83-262998.

National Technical Information Service. Springfield, Virginia. 83 p. (1983)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70-FY83. Publication PB84-215086.

National Technical Information Service. Springfield, Virginia. 84 p. (1984)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies. FY70-FY84. Publication PB85-225613,

National Technical Information Service. Springfield. Virginia 99 p. (1985)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies. FY70-FY85. Publication PB86-235637,

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia. 108 p. (1986)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70-FY86. Publication PB87-217386.

National Technical Information Service. Springfield. Virginia. 120 p. (1987)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70-FY87. Publication PB88-212782,

National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia. 133 p. (1988)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies. FY70-FY88. Publication PB90-104050,

National Technical Information Service, Springfield. Virginia. 143 p. (1989)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies. FY70-FY89. Publication PB90-272097,

National Technical Information Service. Springfield, Virginia. 154 p. (1990)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70-FY90. Publication PB91-212217,

National Technical Information Service, Springfield. Virginia. 44 p. (1991)
TABLE 2

NUMBER OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES IN FY74-FY01

FY74 FY7. FY76 FVn FY78 FY79 FYBO FY81 FY82 FYB3 FY8( FYB5 FVB6 FYB7 FYBB FY89 FY90 FYB'

Department of Agricukura 2 1 2 1 4 8 7

Department of Commerce

National Marine Fisheries Service 13 8 9 13 14 14 34 31 2' 3' 2B 29 34 2B 32 3. .. 58

National Ocean PoRullon Program 0fI1ce 1

National Sea Grant 4 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 4 1 1 2

NOAAiOCSEAP (ses bo!owl

North PacHlc Fishery Management Council 1 1 1 1 1

Oc$an and Coastal R9600rce Management 2 4 • 4 • 9 8

Ocean Resources Conservatlon and Assessment 2 2 1 1 , 1

Departmenl of [)9fenoo

AIr Foree 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 , 1 I 1

Am1Y 1 2 ,

Naval Ocean Systems Centef " 8 7 '4 " 8 9 • 8 7 8 '2 13 13 12 12 7 7

Naval Resea~h Laboratory 1

Office of Naval Research 10 • • 7 7 11 8 7 8 4 4 3 3 11 8 8

Department 01 En&l'QY , , 2 2 0)

Department of Health and Human Services 20 26

" '3 12 8 9 11 12 9 8 11 8 9 '3 18 '3 10

Department of the Interior

Fish and Wlk:lMfe service 15 20 27 40 43 '2 44 33 27 29 22

" 21 20 19 22 22 18

GeoIogleal SUMY I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Minerals: Management Service 1 4 3 4 7 '2 8 10 9 12 '2 13 26 '3 24 26 28

MMS/NOMlOCSEAP 3 " 11 11 8 • 7 9 8 8 3 4 2 1 , , I

National Park Service , , , , • 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 , • , 8

Departmenl of State 2 1 , 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 , 3 3 3

Environmental Protection Agency 1 1 , , 2 2 4

Marine Mammal Commission 14 32 30 29 34 7 21 '8 15 13 30 32 20 25 2. ,. '8

"

National Aeronautics and Space Admlnlstrallon 1 , , 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 , 2 2

National Sdooce Foundation 12 7 '0 '0 8 11 '4 8 '0 11 '0 12 12 '0 8 9 '2 11

Smithsonian Institution 4 4 2 , 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 • 3

TOTAL: 113 122 133 15' '.8 '37 ", 148 140 14' '45 150 15. In '48 158 '.2 "8
7

FIGURE 1

TRENDS IN FEDERAL SUPPORT OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

Total Number of Marine Mammal Projects Reported to the

Marine Mammal Commission, FY74-FY91

UI 180 -U

Ql

.~

0

...

a. 160

-

0

...

Ql

.c 140

E

:::l

Z 120

ctl

-

0

I100

74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90

Fiscal Year
TABLE 3

FEDERAL FUNnING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH·

(Thousands 01 Dollllrs)

FY7. FY77 FY7. FY7. FY60 FY8l FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 FY86 FY87 FY63 FY89 FYOO FYOl

Ooplrtmllnl 01 Agrk::ultu~ 209 80

[)opI:rtmonl 01 ~ree

Na'ional Marin. Flshtrl.. Smlce 1456.4 2313.8 3603.2 4425.9 512S.7 4531,6 3896.4 40SO.7 4077 S021 4628.7 4852.9 4482.9 4801.4 7010.6 11925.1

National OCUn ponutlon Program Orllce 20

Nalklnal Sea Gant Program 19.8 25.8 49.7 .. 59.7 35.1 30 46.7 79-6 66.4 21.4 32.3 47.3

North Pacific FI,tttfy Mgmt. Councl 97.2 289 1. 11.5 • OcNn and COUll' Resource MiJmt 67 66.' 35.9 81 81.9 165.1 ,<5 63

OCUnography and Mlllne ASSllSsrMnl 68 123.6 59 55 16 16 16 25

DtpIrlmtrlt 01 Defense

AlrF~ •• 16 79,2 6.' 15.5 68.5 68.5 55 55 173.9 100.7

Am1y " 122 247.9

Nayal OOlln $ystlKl'll c.ntllf 361 710 5<5 717 1979 1729 1524 17.. 1606 1699 2004.5 209< "8> "09 9" ... Nlyal Resench LlIboI1Ilory 20

01I1ce 01 NaVlI R....rch 2<0.1 ." .30 538.4 4132.8 302.6 ,.. 195.2

"" 407.6 483.8 1284.2 1483.8 2128 160 200

[)opartn-.nlol Energy 2. eo 60 30 20 25 70 70

Departn-.nt 01 HNI1h and Human s.1"l'Ic.t 1078.5 78' m 392.8 602.5 755.11 89'9.2 684.4 S29 1052.8 1152.1 735.2 1089.1 1678.3 1421.5 1324.4 CO

Ooplrtment olIn. Int.nor

Fish and WJdlll. S.me. 933 933 1042.7 1452.5 1418.9 1127.2 1221 12S1.2 1007.7 936.1 15-42.3 2349.4 2498.& 3367.8 3007.9 3648.5

GlloIoglcal SUMY 31.2 30.5 20 45.5 79.6 62.' 78 71

MIn.~1!I Mlnqrnonl St1'YIce ,..9.< 2242 2519.8 7457.3 6173.2 3S07.2 3830.6 4275.9 3595.9 3140.7 2698.3 1695.9 :w25.4 5228.1 3462.9 2963.6

Nallonll Pa"" S.rvlc. 17.2 16.5 .... 45.8 .. 376.9 223 300.4 235 17.5 39.5 27 ".2 SO .. OopartlMnt 01 stll. 51 SOO 592.9 719.4 644.8 540.6 709.4 795.6 869.4 92'6.6 913.8 929.2 1148.5 1235.2

Envlronmntl' Protllcllon Agency '.5 • 175 '00 212.2

Malln. Mlmmal Commission 561.7 420.3 376.1 152.6 358.7 134.7 84.1 20U 298.7 197.7 IS 100.5 102.6 104.8 92.7 9<.2

Nallonal Atlronaullcl and Spac. Admlnlstrallon ". SO ., 12 143.3 ,. '.7 1.' 6.2 6 19.1 17.5

Nattona' Sd,ncli Foundation 691>.4 71U 3304.2 479.3 677.6 574.5 560.6 S03 691.9 729.8 620.5 757.8 663.4 gol.8 820.9 858.3

Smlttlsonlln In,!ltulkln '02 106.1 101.1 133.4 142.& 152.3 14&.8 170.4 207.5 212.5 222.5 212 lSO 181.2 165 '69

TOTAL 7,748.5 8,850.8 10,065.1 16,696 17,984.5 14,449 13,478.7 14,188.4 13,425.2 14,445.8 14,423.3 15,348.4 18,565.8 21,5-47.4 18,6&9.3 23,979.9

'Fundlnlllotall provided on lhll I~ ,..n.c:l tolal annual projllct cost. Idenlll'kId In Appendix B as tllportlKl by .ach ~.nc:y.
TABLE ..

REGIONALLY ORIENTED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH IN WATERS ADJACENT TO THE UNITED STATES·

(Thousands 01 Dollars: Number of Projects Shown In Parentheses)

Geographical Region FY7S FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 FY88 FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90 FY91

Hawall 51.5 102.6 118.2 71.4 411.1 114.8 130 481.7 302.5 360.8 332.9 3+ 1.5 429 487.8

12) 18) 16) (2) (11) 12) (2) (4) 13) 13) (4) (1) 13) 11) (4) (4)

Alaska 2451.5 2681.7 3336.8 3746.7 5407,4 3992.1 4949.4 4367.5 4960.2 4708 3787.5 4294 2827,5 5776.2 5612.9 8462.6

(36) 139) (46) (17) 134) 129) 131) 130) (25) (28) 131) 139) 123) 134) 133) (49)

OregonlWashlnglon 81.6 43.5 60.3 68 229.9 234.5 73.6 165.3 23.2 1524,2 1520.2 68.6 37

(8) (2) 14) (2) (2) 15) 14) (4) (1) (1) (3) 13} (2) (2) (3)

Califomla 1370 1132 317.2 1675.2 3234.9 862.3 1160.7 1693.9 1491.9 1505 1040.2 1066.8 1418.5 1318.8 1550.7 2443.7

1'8} 111} 112} 111) (19) (13) (17) 125) 132) 124) 123) 119} 1'2} 18) 18) 110)

Gull of MexIco 6 2.4 144.3 200 330.8 275.5 20 238.5 15 166,1 62 154.2 248.1 897,8 <0

(1) (2) II} 1') (2) 13) (I) (3) (1) (1) (1) (4) (4) 14) (6)

Florlda 139.9 171.2 269 1356.3 858.2 306.8 429.8 610.6 384.8 622 295.6 573.9 242,5 504.2 560.9 659.5

19) 110} 112} (4) (21) 19) (8) 112) 18} 110) 110) (16) 118) 1'2) (11) (9)

Mld·Atlanllc Slales 199.9 200 293.3 4 2.6 1.5 669.6 455.9 725.8 544,7 520.6

(GA, se, NC, VA) 11} 12} (1 ) (4) (1) (1) (5) 16) IS) (6) 17)

NE Coaslal Siaies 56.2 29.3 1484 2762,9 292.7 1025.1 170 145.2 141.3 311,1 642.8 141.6 334.5 438 661 2873.2

(5) (3) (4) (I) (14) (8) 16) (10) 17} 111) 115) 111} (9) (13) (17) (26)

'Nole .. Many marine mammal proJecls reflected In the dala on Table 3 were not regIonally orlentad and thus are nol listed on this table,
TABLE 5

TAXONOMIC SUMMARY OF FEDERAllY.fUHDED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

(Thousands of Dollars)

FV76 FVn FY78 FV79 ,YSO FV81 FV82 FV83 FV84 FV85 FV86 FV87 FY88 FV89 'Y90 FV91

Slr.nll (MInI'''••nd Dugonll)

Departmlnl of Agriculture

Department 01 Commerce

o.partment of Defensa .. 122

Department of Enltftly

Depl. Htllltllind Humin S.rvleo8S

Department oflhe Interior 173.8 190.2 267.1 "".. 328.7 35. 353 391.6 276.8 284.1 2" 389.5 396.' 402.6 419.8 437.2

Department 01 Stlto

Envlronmentl! Prottcllon Ageney

Marine Mammll Commission 0.' 109 2.' ••• 1.5 • 2 41.4 3G 0.' •

NASA 50 15 10 87 1.6 6.' 6 19.1 17.5

NatlonllSdenee Foundallon 46.5

Smllhsonlan InsllMlon "

CATEGORVTQrAL 173.8 240.2 282.9 624.5 559.7 404.5 353 394.1 281.3 295.6 331.7 393.1 ... 444.6 439.7 458.7

Cernlvorll (Polar eear and s.. Otter)

Department of Agriculture 22.2

Department of Commerce 59.7 71 '.1 6.1 10

Depalt1Mcnt of DelenH

Department of Energy " 30 30 30 20 25

Dept. HulltJ and Human Servlec:os

Department of th lnlerlor 629.3 587.3 7t7.7 809.' 718 639.2 ... 1096.7 1156.3 1303.7 1332.4 1883.4 1995.8 2938 2457.6 3148.2 ...... Department of Stile a Environmental Prolectlon Agency 75 50 80

Marine Mammal Commission 103.2 40,6 ". 18 '.6 31.8 67 33.3 2 7.' 3

NASA

National Sdenett Foundallon 226 36.3 149.5 .. .. .. 170

Smlttlsonlan InstiMton

CATEGORVrOTAL 760.5 6579 797.6 891.7 8553 704.5 9446 1128.5 1223.3 1492.6 1342.4 1929.4 2039.8 3064.5 2507.6 3405.5

PlnnlpedJI (Selle, sea lIonl, Wllrul)

D9j)artmllnt of Agriculture 200

Department of Commorce 760.5 7838 858.7 9567 145·47 940.2 1081.4 1188.8 12694 1650.7 1169 498 221.1 35.6 1SOU 2022.7

Department 01 Delenn '" ". 325 "6 353 149.2 50 729 685 179.9 2333 344 264,9 502 173.9 106.7

Department of Enlrgy 70 70

Dept. Htlaltllind Human Servloll8S 116,2 141.3 766 43.5 51.4 38.4 57 51.8 162.2 143.9 259.5 227.5 178

Department of Itle Interior 684.6 763.5 &64.6 ". 4677 541.9 385.1 ,.. 4948 75 1702 631.3 229.1 161.2 267.9 367.8

Departmenl 01 State

EnVlronmenlal ProlllC'llon Aglncy 50

Marine Mammal Commission 543 6" 33.7 59.1 106 58 12 159.1 12.5 32.8 '.7 17 3.' 7 14.7 17

NASA

National Sa.nett Foundatton 268.3 131.1 141.5 243.2 240.7 292.3 359.1 330.4 420.7 350.7 307.3 3545 339.' 22. 258.4 213.8

Smithsonian Inslilutlon 59.2 56.1 " 47.4 1l.8 22.4 42.5 42.5 76.5

CATEGORVTOTAl 2090.1 2214.6 20685 2418 U656 2031 1937.8 2041.6 2308.4 2388.6 2086.8 1694.8" 1201.9 1190.3 2447.2 29"
TABLE 15 (contl~)

TAXONOMIC SUMMARY OF FEDERAllY·FUNDED MARINE MAMMAl RESEARCH

FY76 FVn FY78 FY79 FY80 FYSI FY82 FY83 FY8. FY85 _FY86 f,!~7_____FY88 ----- FYS. FY90 FY91

Cetlce. (Wh.l.. Ind Pilrpol...)

Department 01 AllncllltlJre ....6

Department 01 Comrr»rc. 709.7 1555.8 2794.2 3326.3 3542.8 3118 2304.2 "''' 2421.7 2540.7 ,.35 2378.7 2257.5 2705.5 3111.3 3342.8

Department at Defense 253.1 527 ... 746.4 1583.8 1485.6 1355 1522.3 1218 1566.2 1973.5 2532.1 2565.9 2660 1139

Department '''''' at Energy

Dept. Hoalltl .nd Human SeNleces 114.3 144.6 1.9.6 74.1 167.1 463.4 229.' 146.9 162.4 22.• 84.7 86.5 97.3 108.9

O4/PIrtment at Itle Interiot 126.2 253.4 278 2937.5 2239.8 191D.4 2580.9 1905.6 2354.2 2888.6 1688.6 932.1 1372.7 2193.5 2456.2 1&35.7

Deplrtmenl at Stl. 500 592.9 719.4 644.6 540.6 709.4 795.6 800 919.3 911.1 926.1 11.6.7 123<

Environmental Protection Agency 100 50 82.2

MI,lne Mammal Commission 2&2.8 124.9 169.7 81 133.7 34.4 28 • " " 39.8 301.2 27,7 ••• " 30,3

NASA 143.3

National Sdem:. Foundation 275.2 213.1 1&3.1 187.9 380 a 235.7 158.3 162.8 221,3 101.1 <3 2<lO "'0 510.8 ... .03.7

Smithsonian Ins1ttu1fon 42.8

CATEGORY TOTAL 1794.1 28188 4000.6 7853.2 8640.9 8154.8 7300.9 "'" 7150 7988.6 7539,9 7261.4 7.,9,6 9186.9 8467.5 7901.6

Mind Specl.. 0' Oene,.' Studl..

Department 01 Agrleullure • 179

Department at Commerc. a 210.9 245.1 635.9 835.4 1042.6 551.5 1050.8 776.2 2586.• 1&68.5 2075.3 2565.8 SSOU

D.partment at ~n,. 211 33' "'. 323 52. '" 323 31a <50 326 3<0 560.' 890 930 247.9

Departmenl at Energy 50 50

o.pI. HNI1tl Ind Human SerYleo.. ..a 495.1 622.4 242,1 391.9 ... 630.9 537.5 466.6 973.4 800.3 '73 880.' 1332.3 1098.7 1037.5

O4/PIl1menl oIlhe Inttrlor 1382.7 1428.3 173M 3999.5 3945.9 1650 1091.7 2200.6 624.4 140.• 842.9 279.9 1560 2987.• 746.6 1089.2 ...... Department 01 511. SI 9.' 7.3 '.3 3.1 l.a I.' ...... Envlronmtntat Protection Agency

Marini Mammal Commission 141.• 19. 12' 12.5 10 26.3 385 ., 151.7 56.1 31.5 21.3 30 49.8 54.2 399

NASA 50

National S~ Foundation 148.9 314.1 29.6 25.6 19.8 43.2 10 49.9 1285 116.2 159.1 80 12' 118.5 66.5

Smithsonian InstitUtion 50 56.1 80 142.8 152.3 137 ..a 18' 170 ... ,S< 150 161.2 18' 189

CATEGORY TOTAL 2136 2919.1 2915.5 4908.6 5215.5 3203.7 2899.7 42$3.2 2459.1 3445.2 3122.5 4347.6 5041.3 1661.1 4748.6 9258.1
TABL!! •

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH BY RESEARCH ISSUE' ..

(Thouuor:1s of ()Qftll'll)

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNOING UHE

ISSUE m. FY71 m. m, "'eo FYlI "''' "''' "'.. FYl5 "'.. "'" "'.. "''' mo "'Of AGENCY . TOTAL

l'unWPorpol..:

Popull~OO A_"1InIl'lt

" 51U 524.5 4&2.7 676.9

'" ." 570 507.3 485.! «18.5 1079.9 100' 1025.4 lUU 554.2 """. looaU , • 1.8 1.3 MMe '.1

500 592.9 &37.1 ...., 873.0 87U

'" 853 01•.3 011.1 0111.11 1138.4 1225.11 00. 104511.•

MortIllty RlllIc1Ioo 120 m.' 487.11 512.0 .33.1 303.8 30 30.' """. 2217.7

'" 87.• 5.' MMC ,.. 111l.8 07.1 "SF 218.7

.. "..., .. Autwnen! 01 Tilling ". 11l1.! 318.7 329.5 ~8.9 248.7 320.7 225 1!U 119.3 134.7 1!5.1 1115.1 """. 3022.1

12.• MMC 12.4 ,,"'" 13. 1~.1 "... 705.3 ~2.4 430.2 31a.3 331 290.5 319.2 2!!.! 303.5 3eU "'.1 502.7 002.0 """. .....7

12.5 10 MMC 22.•

31.8 "SF 31.11

Inttmltlont4 Whalin,. CommI..lon:

Assnsmtnt of S!OdI. and Tiking -...3U --'U---'"" 340.5

'" ---..W. ----JS--Aa---Z.5:1 """. 4002

".3 33.5 10.! 70.0 OS 18.1 3 MMe 234.8

2l.5 eo "SF 70.5

323 35.4 35.3 35.5 33.8 7 5 '.3 '.3 .., 00' 209.'

...rfnl "lmmlllF!IMri.. Confftctl:

Sou,*", Oclln Krill 10 1•.5 • 10 49.2 MMe 87.1

" 00.

25.' "SF 25.' " ...... FIn FlsM'lmI~ Inltr-e'llonl IU 25.8 .9.7 .. 30 30 39' 79.11 44.6 21.4 "secP .03.1 I\)

".3 .. 32.5 10 5.5 MMC 112.2

70 804.11 3499 309 3 2264 2211 701 365.4 &01.8 712.9 1255,7 2&00.& """. a278.9

Shell F1sWS.I on. 1nl:...t<:1Ions • " " "secp 17.2

'.5 --'1 U2.5 253.9 242.11 3.., 322.0 FW. 1034.3

U2.4 """, 142,4

10 OCRM 10

FIn FIIhtCI1Ia1ln InMrlCfonl " Nl'FMC 10

5 '4.1 3 MMC 24.1

.. 711l.a """. 1M,1I

Inclclllntli liking 10 12 .., '"~ " • " MMC 144.7

--'" 14.11 85 121.3 78.5 185.8 " 3007 """. 3SO&,2

5 NPFMC 5

" NOPPO " Elft<:t. of 011 Ilnd 0 •• D'ntopmenl

on Mlrlnl MwnINllI:

Physlologlell SlUclH 91,5 .. 85 1097.8 394 I 1118 1:190.3 241l5.5 18SG.I 221.0 as.5 134.7 MM, 71a7,2

,. , MMC •• " '00 ,eo EPA 355

Risk M81y~.. 184.4 51.8 811.8 977.5 409.5 454.2 647.2 1l33.9 ....7 1363.5 MM' 8534.5

3.3 " ••• 7.5 ... MMC 24.7

1123.a ... '"~ FW' 2481.8

30 50 "P, eo 818.3 32 NMFS 710.3
TABLE I (eOf'lfnJed)

F~ F\IndIng 01 MJI1nt Mll!'l'lTlll R",ardl by RnNretl r.au.

SPECIAl RESEARCH

ISSUE FY" FYn FY" FY7. FY'" FV" FY" FY" FY" FYOS FY" FY07 FY.. FY.. FVtO FYOl

F\JNOING

.....NCy

LINE

TOT....l

!Iowhad wtt...:

....IHNI'ltnt 01 SIOdl. and TD.Ing -...1I.I 20' 124 /171.1 737.2 7/15.1 "~.D

- ... 175.1

'" 31/1.2

'" N"'S

--"J.---"-'-= '" 3<t5.3 -3..1ll--U5.A.-5!.U --J4Q.-.tAU ,.. /103.3 --l.3i..5. MMS

'.1 • ""e '- '" SlID./! 724.5 1/13.5 '~.ll 123.5 287.7 ".• MMS

Humpb.ett ~:

PopuIl1Ion A_1IMI'It --".1--"-'---'" IS "., 70.7

" 30.' 30.1 -----11ll--.JU-----!U 21.2 ,., " .. N"'S

25. , 2U IS • • • ••• " • ,.• 1.' 1.' "Me

" " " 20 20.' NPS

• MMS '- 11.2 10 31.3 39.11

" 3:n.3 223 2D3." '" 1 -----.ll NPS •., lH--U 3.3 -----11----211 ----211---2.1---20. N....

".1 40.2 <2.' NSF

.. 24

.. " -

OCR"

Or.,. WMII:

Popull~on A_1ITMI'It -->U--"-'---'" 25.7 ---.W.-----'" ..... 31 • ...., --UU--m! ---!lU-.tAU. ---I<---li.l MMS

"5.1 OCAM '- 1117.7 SO., '" .'" 11111.2 ----'U MMS

30.1 NSF

10 OCAM

A....1mtnl of HumIn·1nckIet'd In"pIcl 1&.5 •• 20.' ••• • " "Me

HortMm FIght Whm:

Popull~Ofl A_tment 21.' " 47.7--U 4D.7 401.2~ 207.1 ,.. ,.. ,.. N"'S

• • "., • .., , , "Me

200.' 21U

'" 414.5 '".11 MMS

"""" • ...., 200 200 24D.1 =. 200.' NSF

30 .. .. N"'S

lU ••• MMS

Knllf W'twIII:

Populdon A_CfTIiIrlt -->U--02.I • • N....

1.' ••• "Me •.. NPS

-lS.> S NSF

"""" ".• ".• NSOCP

---li NPS

70."

--15. -----lA.l.------U

M..tr» Mamm" S1r.ndlnlill;

BIological Skill" 32.3 15

---'Z.I----U.I ----'!Jl

• --'-' 3.5 20

/I 1.8 10.5 7.5 32 12.4

-.2Il:----25.-3:0.--3Il:-----»-----»~____.aD.__H___5ll

30 31.5 2·U 2 131.1

"'---'" 1.S ".,

"""

51

N...S

MMS

FWS

OCR"

EPA

117.5

420.3

24D.2

70."

2.t1.7

1.S ".,

""'.• U3D.&

10.7

2$57.D

7/10.2

115."

DJ.D

• 12D3

,,.

122.2

12 .... 12. W

3043.1

.. 2187.7

45.e

1..4D.e

30.1

10

17.7

".. 51.3

12.tD.3

• 1132.1

120

23.1

".S

13.3

S.'

20.'

......
..... '

TABLE II (c«ItInlIed)

FedlInll Fundn9 of MIffnt MMI'INII RH'tfth by ReMIfc:h rasu,

SPECIAL RESEARCH -_..._---

F\JNI)ING UNE

ISSUE FY70 FY77 FY70 FY" FYeO FY" FY" FY"" FY" FY" FY" FY07 FY.. FY.. FY., FY01 AGENCY TOTAL

Pllot WheI..:

Popull'llon A_1mtnl --J5.,l NSF 15.3

10.• MMC .OA

" 10 N""S " ,,- 10 USCA 10

10 N""S 10

""up:

Popull~onA"111nMM'lt --!!-..l2.>-= .9.8 --.H--lU ""S 317.1

••• 0.' MMC • " N""S " ,,- ." 130_3 ""S "'.,

'" 10

" "0 m 102 -----llKl --.1.U.5. ---Z.1S

'" "0 ..., Ig87.5

".• NSF ".. Harbor POfpolH:

Populi*," A_tment " SO ••• , 1 ---..a.3 ----U---...1A1 270 N""S &.43.8

• • SO OCRM

10 5.' MMC 15.8" 5 NPS 5

,,- , MMC ,

DIU Porpol":

Populldon AUI'smenl '10 .. ". ---2ZA ----lAS. ---lAS.--JZU--U! '" 327 553.11 on NMFS 3.2$.1

Bottl,no.. Dolphin: -L

Popul.don AsslSsment ••• 15 '.5 135 , MMC 35.9 .po.

180.8 2199 221.8 2483 238.5 248.5 292.9 117.7 "".• " '" 112 31.9 NMFS 2.38.1

• '00 EPA 10' ,,,.,, '33 270 ." '" 903.9 "0 1014 1310 975.5 ---1130. 1305.5 18(8.1 1&<>5.9 2318

'" ." ..., lG099.9

84.7 8&.5 97.3 \Oft.9 OHNS 377.(

'" ".7 m as, ." .07 (8.9 "5 221.3 57.• ••• •., ... NSF 118U

15.8 31.8

" • 155 10.& MMC 18.2

• 13.5 '0' , " NMFS 159.5

HOf1hlol"n Fur SI":

Populadon ASSlSiImenl 35-1.4 352~ .30.2 '" 156.8 283.3 -2JU-.xtU---ULi----ZaJ 5 55 5.5 5.5 NMFS 3212.2 •., MMC ... ,,- 330.2

'" ,.. 2'89.3 4109 420.2 285,. --.Zll.! -m..5.-22ti----21U NMFS 3539.8

'.5 MMC '.5

70 .. .. ..., 7 OCRM '"7

'" 15 ""5 '27

Oulldlllupe fw ,...:

p"""rlfon SIlIIiH --lU-Ill--lU N""S .3.3

Antwctlc 911...:

POIl'J!donSIUdH SO., " .... SO., 49.9 41.8 "., NSF .OU ,,, '" ".. 335 N""S 1132.l1 ,,- 241.1 172.1 .. 'OS 11\ 7 2522 1811.5 ". 292.9 159.1 23' 311.2 2.2.5 2<5 115.5 51.. NSF 2973.8

, MMC ,
TA8LEe(~

FNerIi FuncIng of MIflM MIfl'I'NI Rnurt:h by Atsflrch II,"

SPECIAl RESEARCH RJNOING UNE

ISSUE FY" Frl7 FrI. FrI. FYO< FYOI FY" FY" FY.. FY05 m. FY" FY" FY" FY90 FYOI AGENCY TOTAL

Arc1fc SllIa:

PopuI.don Sluchl

" 157 05 05.7 " M'" 473.7

to HPS to ,,- 19,0 3.' MMe 23.4

'" 201.1 237.8

'" 21U 157 20' " " 'SO '" ""' 200Ce.3 ".• '" loa HSF 179.&

75.5 HIAFS 75.5

70 70 OOE ."

HIWJIII_ Il1o'* s...:

PopulI'Of! AISHJmn: "2 523 52 312 SO., 31 ----Zl--1!l FWS ,.... ---I.U -.1ll-..1U 3 IOU to, 311.7 300 340.8 3211.4 417.9 447.8 NMFS 2400.8

0<.' 3.7 MMe .... ,,- ".. 25.8 34.9 'SO MMe 244.a

'.5

" 51 20.5

15 HSGCP 15

20 -, 20

Gray SI..:

Popull'Of! S1UdH 10.2 MMe 10.2

" '.3 I.' HIAF' 5

,,- 110 to 30 No" .50

Harbor S..I: --' Popull'Of! SlUdH 33.5 17.7 5.' 23.5 5.7 " 5 • MMe 108.8

• • 31 • --->.> 0.5 15 1.2 HPS 89.2 CJ1

53.7 HSGCP 53.1

11.5 ". 3.5 20 0.7 13 29.' --"---'"---'" HIAF' 203.&

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 U5Al' , ,,- •• ,.. 7 MMe la.4

05 ,,~ 50 ""5 225

" No" ,... 23.1 ,.• HIAFS "03.'

--" 39.4

" " 00"" ".• '.5 HSGCP '.5

--"'--'" OM. 70

Hor1flwn Eltphant s.":

PopuIdOf! SlUeII" ---I.U ---I.U-..1U ... HIAFS 41.4

" • • 00"" " "- 27.2 33.' 31.e 41.2 30.' " 51 01 55 43,3 42.8 142.9 HSF "'., to 5.' " .., 3 , MMe 33.5

435 51.1 ".. " 39.8 149.3 131.7 30 03' 10.3 OIl" "'.1 20 " 57.5 27.5 ""5 .30

CWllomfa ,.. lion:

PopuIllIOf! 5111d.. 7 12.5 HIAFS 19.5

15 15 00"" 30

--->.> HPS 3.5 ,,- 200 USDA 200

37

" '10 ,,, '" 1&,4-( 174.8 2a5,5 209.' W No" 1813.8

12,2 MMe 12.2

III 22.' 42.5 42,5 30 51 149.2

---' ooRM •
TA8LEel~

F.... FIlfl(Jng 01' M,"", Manmtl R&sutd\ by AH••ch IIW'

SPECIAL RESEARCH FU<J1NG UNE

ISSUE FY" FYn FY" FY1D FYSO FYOl FY.., FY" FYO< FYas FY" FY07 FY.. m. FYoo FYOl AGENCY TOTAL

91'"" 5q Uon:

Populdon S'.III" 157.1 1-<45.5 .55 ... " "'OS 100.'

,<.0 NMFS 3<.' !l.5 ""FMC 11.5

• •• ,.• "Me 1-<4.3

.., NPO ..,

W""":

Populdon StJdl.. 112.8 l-<4U " 1011.8 23U 99 --:ill--:ill-.at lIo1.? 201.8 201.1 1-<411.2 11lS.0I 1&3.0 FWS 1955.5

130.3 150.1 25 19.11 ""S '25

• 7 • ""C " ~- '" , ""C 22

n.2 SO., .... " NSF 2151.5

----"U ""S ,... "fNltlN MIt DU§OnI:

PopuIl~ SlXI.. ----U.U 159.1 --2JU --2iU.---2lU --.a2Q -----15tI ---1J!g: --.2..U.A ---.1J2.--112 " SO. 18.• FWS 22n.a

50

" .., ... •., • 13.9

" NASA 102.11

0.' , NPO ,.• 0.' '09 ••• , 1!l.5

" "Me 101.11

" "OS " --12.---12--1Z1..2. .5 --J2:---...l.U ---Z2ll---22-ll2.--112 '" 3.5.9 ,.. .19.a 0137.2 FWS 211118.1

.. 122 1015.2 - 311.2

... • 11.9 • • ""C ,u ,.• •., 7.' NASA 111.2 ..... 17.5 18.2 NPS 33.7 OJ

PoI_IJI.: B_Popula1on !'01I,llhs --ill----->O3.l -Z2ll 251 --HU-----2fl!1-AO -Z>l.Z--..6lLt 135.11 1101.51 "'., 892.9 1190.11 1113.8 838.5 FWS 5382.3

---"---"---" --...li2 ---...lliI ---1J!g:--..6lLt 125.1 m as 1!l8.1 135.• 12M 122.3 FWS 17101.8

--"" 228 ,,., NSF "".• S•• 0ltIr:

Populdon S1IJdllS 1512 1519 352 1 -..5.JU. ----«'l.1 -lIll ----.m2 -1iU--12:!l:-UU as 521.1 572 II "'.• 210.-<4 FWS 01293.11

21.1 710.8 110.1 2.9.11 .. ""S 1223.0

103.2 -<40.0 oIlUI

" ••• ••• 35.1 ••• , , "Me "'.,

" 30 30 30 '" 25 DOE ", 23.3 21.5 -----.2.1 ------14U 200 0110 -12U-----.1i!U-..3H.i 715.5 25-8.5 '" 395.3 702.5 FWS 01128.1

'.9.5 .. .. .. 1101.3 NSF 0155.11

• NPS • 50 ." 0163.2 90.1-11 au ... ""S 8-43.8

"Amounta Ul'ldIrllrlIld Iril ..llmlt9d IWburtts 01 1otI11 rlpOftlld by .,. Ig«ley ur'Idet mort glllll"al ClNogOOlli.

""HoI all pro(leta hlld In AppIndlr 8 ." r.ftlCled In lhls Ublt, and • hi", proJlCtS plus I ponlon m It>e IIJndlng hi"" bHn .nlpd 10 mort Itleon OM IISUt
17

II. RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER

AUTHORITY OF THE MARINE

MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972,

AS AMENDED

The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA) established the Marine

Mammal Commission and assigned marine mammal protection ,and conservation

responsibilities to the Secretaries of Commerce, the Interior, and State. Such

responsibilities have, in some cases, been delegated to agencies within a department

The Act noted the need for better information on the biology, ecology, and

management of marine mammals and assigned research responsibilities.

Responsibilities for research and its implementation were specified in Sections 108,

109, 111, 112,202, and 205. Prior to 1982, funding authorized for marine

mammal activities conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish

and Wildlife Service were authorized under Title I ofthe Act on a section by section

basis. As of Fiscal Year 1982, however, authorized funding for the various sections

was combined so that Commerce and Interior now each receive a single authorized

funding level that covers all expenses incurred under Title 1.

Table 7 is a list of annual funding authorized under the various sections of

the Act, the amounts requested by agencies pursuant to the Act, and amounts

appropriated by Congress. Additional Federal funds have been spent in activities

related to marine mammals; the additional sources and amounts ofresearch funding

are shown in Table 8 and Figure 2. The number of personnel assigned to marine

mammal research versus administrative responsibilities within the National Marine

Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service from FY74 through FY91 are

listed in Table 9.
1 8

RESEARCH RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL

AGENCIES UNDER THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

Congress, in passing the Marine Mammal Protection Act, recognized there was inadequate

knowledge of the biology, ecology, and population dynamics ofmarine mammals and other facton

important for marine mammal protection and conservation. The Act, therefore, specified certair

research and study responsibilities for the Department ofCommerce, the Department ofthe Interior

and the Marine Mammal Commission..

With the establishment ofthe Act, the Secretary of Commerce was directed to undertake, in

consultation with the Marine Mammal Commission, a study of North Pacific fur seals to determine

whether herds ofsuch seals, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, were at their optimum

sustainable population and what population trends were evident. The Secretary was also to

undertake a comprehensive study, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to determine what

modifications, if any, should be made to the provisions of the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention,

or to the Marine Mammal Protection Act, or both, to make the Convention and the Act consistent

with one another [Sec. 108].

The Secretary of Commerce was also directed by the Act to immediately undertake a program

ofresearch and development for the purpose of devising improved fishing methods and gear so as

to reduce to the maximum extent practicable the incidental taking of marine mammals in connection

with commercial fishing [Sec. 111]. In 1984, the Secretary of Commerce was directed to

commence a research program to monitor the indices of abundance and trends of marine mammal

population stocks which are taken incidentally in the course of commercial purse seine fishing for

yellowfin tuna. In 1988, the Secretary of Commerce was directed to conduct a study of possible

impacts on marine mammals of seal control devices as well as other explosive devices used in the

commercial yellowfin tuna fishery. The Secretary also was directed in 1988 to develop a fishery

reporting and observation program to obtain reliable estimates of the numbers of marine mammals

being taken incidentally in various fisheries in U.S. waters and, in consultation with the Marine

Mammal Commission, to develop a recommended system for regulating such takes after I October

1993 [Sec. 114].

Both the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior are authorized by the Act to

make grants to states to assist them in developing programs for the conservation and management

of marine mammals and in administering such programs if management authority for such species

is transferred to the state. Such grants are not to exceed 50 per centum of the costs of a particular

program's development and implementation [Sec. 1090)(1 & 2)].

/ The Secretaries are also authorized to make grants to any Federal or state agency, public or

private institution, or other person for the purpose of assisting such agency, institution, or person

to undertake research in subjects which are relevant to the protection and conservation of marine

mammals [Sec. 110].

The Secretaries, as appropriate, are directed to review annually the operation of each program

in which the United States participates involving the taking of marine mammals on land [Sec. 112

(d)]. The Secretaries are required by the Act to report annually to the public and to the Congress on

the current status of all marine mammal species and population stocks subject to the provisions of

the Act [Sec. 103(f)].
19

The Marine Mammal Commission established under Section 201 of the Act was directed in

Section 202 (a) to:

1. "undertake a review and study of the activities ofthe United States pursuant

tc existing laws and international conventions relating to marine mammals,

including, but not limited to, the International Convention for the Regulation

of Whaling, the Whaling Convention Act of 1949, the Interim Convention

on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals, and the Fur Seal Act of

1966;

2. "conduct a continuing review of the conditions of the stocks of marine

mammals, of methods for their protection and conservation, of humane

means of taking marine mammals, of research programs conducted or

proposed to be conducted under authority of the Act, and of all applications

for pennits for scientific research, public display, or enhancing the survival

or recovery of a species or stock; and

3. "undertake or cause to be undertaken such other studies as it deems

necessary or desirable in connection with its assigned duties as to the

protection and conservation of marine mammals."

The Act gives the Commission access to all studies and data compiled by Federal agencies

regarding marine mammals. With the consent of the appropriate Secretary or agency head, the

Commission may also utilize the facilities or services of any Federal agency and shall take every

feasible step to avoid duplication ofresearch and to carry out the purposes ofthe Act [Sec. 205].
20

TABLE 7

FEDERAL FUNDING UNDER THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

Depertment of

Commerce (NMFS) AUTHORIZED REQUESTED APPROPRIATED

FY74 4667 5300 1600

FY75 3667 2550 4445

FY76 3667 2550 4872

FY77 4667 4939 7042

FY78 11700 4872 7228

FY79 11425 7042 7080

FY80 11925 6728 7416

FY81 12425 7875 7475

FY82 7223 7416 7700

FY83 8000 7416 9225

FY84 8800 5571 8475

FY85 8800 5615 9375

FY86 8800 5850 8670

FY87 8800 6150 9375

FY86 8800 7586 8670

FY89 15440 7128 9291

FY90 12740 7061 16595

FY91 21780 19579 19266

Department of the

Interior (FWS)

FY74 1358 700 700

FY75 1358 1358 1358

FY76 1358 1358 1358

FY77 1358 1358 1358

FY78 2050 1358 1539

FY79 2350 1600 2000

FY80 2660 2000 2000

FY81 3376 2000 2000

FY82 1600 1600 1600

FY83 1760 1690 1690

FY84 2000 1658 1249

FY86 2500 1292 1289

FY86 3000 2024 1815

FY87 3000 1050 1310

FY88 3000 1077 1776

FY89 3000 777 1326

FY90 3120 761 1411

FY91 3240 1419 1419
21

TABLE 7 (continued)

Federal Funding Under the Marine Mammal Protection Act

Marine Mammal

Commission (MMC) AUTHORIZED REQUESTED APPROPRIATED

FY74 1000 825 412

FY75 1000 1000 750

FY76 1000 1000 900

FY77 1000 1000 1000

FY78 1000 900 900

FY79 1000 702 702

FY80 1000 640 940

FY81 1000 1000 734

FY82 672 672 672

FY83 1000 594 822

FY84 1100 638 929

FY85 1100 648 929

FY86 1100 738 861

FY87 1100 855 910

FY88 1100 862 953

FY89 1100 933 953

FY90 1140 960 960

FY91 1153 1153 1153

Note: Figures on this table reflect administrative and enforcement costs as well as research

costs. The figures for FWS and NMFS are those reported to the Commission by those

agencies. Funding under the column headings reflect levels listed as (1) authorized under

sections of the Act, (2) requested funding of the agencies, and (3) funds subsequently

appropriated by Congress.
TABLE a

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

OTHER THAN THOSE APPROPRIATED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

FY74 FY75 FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 FYes FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90 FY91

Oepar1ment of Commerce, NOAA

Nallonal Marina Flehartea Service

Fur seel Act Authorization 309 395 743 595 595 595 595 595 595 595 619 620 654 654 477 366 446

Aeprogramlng and Reserves 295 442 59 76

Endangered Specles Act Approprlallon 294 294 284 1428.4 775 500 250 350 7119 803 2899

NMFS TOTAl 604 837 602 967 669 889 2023.4 1370 595 595 619 620 1154 904 627 1167 1251 2899

o.p.rtmant of the Int.rlor

FI.h and WlldUf. Sarvlce . I\)

I\)

FWS Appropriation 40 75 83.3 16 82.2

Endangered Species Acl: Approprlallon 93.7 213.1 162 362.9 123 340 614 07ll 736.3 991 625 1125 1170 1398

Natlonal Wildlife AeflXle System 11 5

Admlnlslratlon Act Appropriation

011 Spill Damage Assessment 414

FWSTOTAL 49 75 83.3 16 93.7 213.1 244.2 362.9 134 353 614 67ll 736.3 891 625 1125 1584 1398

·FY78 data Include transition quarter (July-September 1976)
23

FIGURE 2

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

BY THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND THE

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, FY74-FY91*

(Thousands ofDollars)

T

h

o

u

s

a

o

d

s

o

f

D

o

I

I

a

,

s

National Marine Fiaherie. Service

12000

10800

9600

8400

7200

6000

4800

3600

2400

1200

FY74 FY76 FY78 FY80 FY82 FY84 FY86 FY88 FY90

FIScal Yea'

lJMMPAFUNDS fa01HERFUNDS

Fish Bod Wildlife Service

FY76 FY78 FY80 FY82 FY84 FY86 FY88 FY90

Fiscal Yea'

FY74

3700

3330

2960

2590

2220

1850

1480

1110

740

370

O~I"U:j:iU4:l.J:j:J-4'iI.l:.f~!'J-I:+:LJ'¥-.l:f:JI..L:j:oU

T

h

o

u

s

a

o

d

s

o

f

D

o

I

I

a

r

s

IJ MMPA FUNDS EI OTHER FUNDS

*Figure 2 is developed from data sho'Nll on Table 3 and Table 8.
TABLE 9

NUMBER OF PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO MARINE MAMMAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

IN THE NATiONAL MARINE FiSHERIES SERVICE AND FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, FY74·FY90·

National Marin. EI.h'r1" S.IYlc....

FY74 FY75 FY76 FYn FY78 FY79 FYBO FY81 FY82 FY63 FYB4 FYa5 FY86 FYa7 FY8a FY89 FY90 FY91

AdmInistrative 28 28 42 7 8 B6.5 33.5 27.1 16 19.9 23.2 21.B 11.8 22.3 23.1 38.3 51.7

Research 26 33 31 17 20 48.9 60.7 61.2 42.7 76.3 75.6 76.3 63.5 67.3 70.2 BO.5 98.4

NMFS Total 54 81 73 24 28 135.4 166.1 94.2 88.3 58.7 96.2 98.8 98.1 75.3 89.6 93.3 118.8 150.1

FI'h and Wild!!'. S,rvlc,"·

FY74 FY75 FY78 FY77 FY78 EY79 FYBO EY81 FY82 FY83 FYB4 FY85 FY86 FY87 FY8S FY89 FY90 FY91

I\)

Administrative 12.1 14.1 15.2 16.6 17.1 20.3 24.6 23.3 21.5 6 18.1 21.1 19.6 1.5 5.5 5.4 4 4.2 ./>.

Research 6 11 1U3 14.8 13.2 17.2 17.4 17.8 16.5 16 17.6 17.8 16.5 27.7 29.1 31.4 29.8 37.3

FWS Total 18.1 25.1 27 31.4 30.3 37.5 42 41.1 38 22 35.7 38.9 36.1 29.2 34.6 36.8 33.8 41.5

·Flgures provided by the agencies.

··The Nalfonal Marine Fisheries Servk:e changed their method of reporting ••

In Fyn, to number of personnel; In FY79, 10 permanent employee man-years; and

In 1984. to ful1-llme equivalents.

···Reported In man·years In FY74·FY81 and as fun-lime equivalents thereafter.
25

APPENDIX A

SOURCES OF MARINE MAMMAL INFORMATION

FROM FEDERALLY-FUNDED RESEARCH AND STUDIES

Denartment of Commerce

National Marine Fisheries Service

Administrative repons of the various fisheries centers

Annual Repons for the Marine Mammal Protection Act

Bulletin ofZoologieal Nomenclature

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatie Sciences

(Journal Fisheries Research Board of Canada)

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Conservation Biology

Contributions to edited books

Ecology

Evolution

Fisheries Bulletin (NMFS, NOAA, Department ofCommerce)

International Whaling Commission Annual Reports

International Whaling Commission, Working Papers of the

Scientific Committee

Journal of Mammalogy

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Journal of Wildlife Management

Marine Fisheries Review (NMFS, NOAA, Department of Commerce)

Marine Mammal Division -- Annual Reports on Fur Seal Investigations

Marine Mammal Science

Marine Pollution Science

NOAA Technical Reports, NMFS Sciemific Reports--Fisheries

North Atlantic Studies

Oceanus

Pacific Science

Physiological Zoology

Polar Biology

Proceedings of conferences

National Sea Grant College Program

Marine Mammal Information
.• 1

26

Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, Sanctuary

Programs Division

Administrative repons of contmctors

Fishery Bulletin

Marine Fisheries Review

NOAA Technical Reports

Proceedings of conferences

Department of Defense

Air Force

Headquarters Space Division Technical Reports

Space Shuttle Final Environmental Impact Statement

Navy

Acta Zoologica Fennica

American Journal of Veterinary Research

Animal Behavior Processes

Annals of the New York Academy of Science

Aquatic Mammals

Arctic

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Biology of Reproduction

Brain, Behavior and Evolution

Breviora

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Cetology

Contributions to edited books

Deep-Sea Research

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

Fishery Bulletin

Journal Acoustical Society of America

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Journal of Mammalogy

Journal of Morphology

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Marine Fisheries Review

Marine Mammal Science

Microbios Letters

Naval Ocean Systems Center Technical Repons

Polar Record

Proceedings of conferences

Science

Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History

Vision Research
27

Department of Energy

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Ecological Monographs

EnvironmenUlI Conservation

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Progress reports on projects

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Department of the Interior

Fish and Wildlife Service

AcUl AnaLOmica

ACUl Zoologica

Aquatic Mammals

Biolocial Conservation

Bulletin of Marine Science

Contributions LO edited books

Cornell Velerinarian

Fishery Bulletin

Florida Scientist

Journal American Vcterinary Medical Association

Journal of Comparative Physiology

Journal of Mammalogy

Journal of Morphology

Journal of Wildlife Diseascs

Journal of Wildlifc Management

Nonh American Fauna Series

Northeast Gulf Science

Repons available through the National Technical Information Service

U. S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service:

a) Annual Repons for the Marine Mammal PrOlection Act

b) Biological Services Reports

c) National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory Reports

d) Wildlife Rearch Repons

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

Zoomorphology

Geological Survey

Geological Survey Professional Papers

Publications of the Charleston Muscum

Smithsonian Institution Contributions LO Paleontology

Systematic Zoology

Minerals Management Service

NOANOCEAP Annual Reports

NOAA/OCEAP Final Reports

NOANOCEAP Lease Area Synthesis Repons

Project reports available through the National Technical Information Service

,

".
28

National Park Service

Administrative repons

Department of State

EIS: Possible Regime for the Conservation of Antarctic

Marine LiVing Resources

International Whaling Commission Scicntific Reports

Projcct reports available through the National Technical

Information Servicc

Marine Mammal Commission

Projcct reports available through the National Technical

Information Service

Marine Mammal Commission Annual Report

Numerous scientific journals and contributions to edited books

National Science Foundation

Antarctic Bibliography

Antarctic Journal of thc United Slates

Numerous scientific journals

Smjthsonian InstitutioD

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

Contributions to edited books

Fishery Bulletin

Florida Slate Museum, Plaster Jackct

Journal of Mammalogy

Marine Mammal Scicnce

Physiological Zoology

Procedings of thc Biological Socicty of Washington

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Marine Sciences

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Palcontology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Zoology

Systematic Zoology
*

29

APPENDIXB

LISTING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND

STUDY PROJECTS, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS,

AND FUNDING LEVEL

FOR FY90-FY91*

COMPILED FROM INFORMAnON PROVIDED

TO THE MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION

BY EACH AGENCY

For a listing of projects for the period FY70-FY79, see Waring, G. H., 1981, Survey of Federally-Funded

Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70-FY79, Publication PB81-174336, National Technical Infonnation

Service, Springfield, Virginia, 235 p.

For a listing of projects for the 'period FY80-FY89, see Waring, G. H., 1990, Survey of Federally-Funded

Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70·FY89, Publication PB90-272097, National Technical Infonnation

Service, Springfield, Virginia, 154 p.
30

Department of Agri<:lIltllre

FY9Q-FY91

(No projects)

Department of Commerce

1. National Marine Fisheries Service

A. Alaska Fisheries Science Center

Bengtson, J. (NMML)

Antarctic Ecosystem Program (8L1 ASTIN)

Braham, H. W. (NMML)

Laboratory Administration (8L1 AST3A)

Calkins, D. G. (Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game)

Assessment of Injury to Steller Sea Lions in Prince William

Sound and the Gulf of Alaska ("Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill)

DeLong, R. L. (NMML)

California Current Eeosystcm Prol,'Tam (8LIASTIC)

Fowler, C. W. (NMML)

Ecosystem and Population Assessment Program

(8L1ASTIE)

Jones, L. L. (NMML)

High Seas Fisheries Interactions (8L1 AST3H)

High Seas Squid Drifmet (8L2BSNOO)

Jones, L. L. and D. Withrow (NMML)

Arctic Whales Program (8LI ASTIR)

Lowry, L. and K. Frost (Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game)

Assessment of Injury to Harbor Seals in Prince William Sound

and Adjacent Areas ("Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill)

Loughlin, T. R. (NMML)

Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem (8L1AST3B)

Malkin, C. and O. v,on Ziegesar (North Gulf Oceanic Society)

Assessment of Injuries to Killer Whales in Prince William Sound,

Kodiak Archipelago, and Southeast Alaska ("Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill)

Malkin, C., D. McSweeney, J. Straley, and O. von Ziegesar

Effects of the "Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill on the Distribution and

$326.8K

$436.6K

$171.2K

$297.SK

$447.9K

$233.4K

$320.2K

$316.2K

$159.3K

$71S.3K

$2SS.8K
31

Abundance of Humpback Whales in Prince Williann Sound, Southeast

Alaska, and the Kodiak Archipelago

Bengtson, J. (NMML)

Antarctic Ecosystem Program (8L1A5T3N)

Brahann, H. W. (NMML)

Laboratory Administration (8L1A5T3A)

Delong, R. L. (NMML)

California CurreOl Ecosystem Program (8L1A5T3C)

Fowler, C. W. (NMML)

Ecosystem and Population Assessment Progrann

(8LJA5T3E)

Jones, L. L. (NMML)

High Seas Fisheries Intemctions (8LIA5T3H)

Jones, L. L. and D. Withrow (NMML)

Arctic Whales Progrann (8Ll AST3R)

Loughlin, T. R. (NMML)

Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem (8LJA5T3B)

B. Alaska Regional Ollice

Spraker, T. (Wildlife Pathology International)

Humane Observer (O-HAWF-O-OO(92)

Zacharof, M. (Aleut Community of St. Paul)

]990 Fur Seal Subsistcnce Harvest Dalli (O-HAWF-O-oo091)

Morris, R. (AKR/pRMD)

Cook Inlet Beluga Whale Survey

Munro, N. and D. Hicks (Saltwater, Inc.)

Marine Mannmal Observers: Prince William Sound and

Unimak Pass Gillnet Fisheries (0-ABNF-0-OOO36)

Spraker, T. (Wildlife Pathology International)

Humane Observer (O-HAWF-O-OO(92)

Zacharof, M. (Aleut Community of St. Paul)

1990 Fur Seal Subsistence Harvest Dalli (O-HAWF-0-OOO91)

$92K

$335K

$589K

$830K

$356K

$977K

$192K

$l3ooK

$3.5K

$2K

$25K

$l3ooK

$3.5K

$2K
32

C. Northeast Fisheries Science Center

Brault, S. (National Research Council)

Pilot Whale Population Dynamics (OPA)

Finn, J. (\Jniv. Massachusetts)

Nonh American Right Whale Program:

Population Dynamics (OP.1.4)

Katona, S. (College of the Allantic)

Humpback Whale Individual Identification (OP.3.2)

Kraus, S. (New England Aquarium)

North American Right Whale Program:

Individual Identification (OP.1.3)

Mayo, C. A. (Center for Coastal Studies)

Distribution and Habitat Usage of Large Cetaceans (OP.3.I)

Mayo, S. (Center for Coastal Studies)

North American Right Whale Program:

Habitat Requirements (OP.1.2)

Nicolas, J. (NEFSC)

Marine Mammal Biological Sampling (ER.2)

Payne, P. M. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Fishery Resource and Marine Mammal Sighting

Surveys (ER.l.l)

Polacheck, T. (NEFSC)

Harbor Porpoise Program: Sighting Survey (OP.2.2)

Polacheck, T. and D. Potter (NEFSC)

Harbor Porpoise Program: Sighting Survey Methods (OP.2.2)

Smith, T. (NEFSC)

Marine Mammal By-CatCh Estimation (HJ.2)

North American Right Whale Program (OP.I)

Harbor Porpoise Program OP.2)

North ALlantic Humpback Whale Program (OP.3)

Waring, G. (NEFSC)

Predation and Spatial Co-Occurrence (ER.I)

Cetacean Habitat Survey (ER.1.2)

$45K

$18K

$23K

$79K

$41K

$33K

$23K

$46K

$75K

$49K

$25K

$12K

$25K

$6K

$49K

$19K
33

Winn, H. and R. Kenney (\Jniv. Rhode Island)

North American Right Whale Program:

Sighting DaUl and HabiUll Use (OP.l.I)

Brault, S. (National Research Council)

Pilot Whale Population Dynamics (OPA)

Christensen, D. (NEFSC)

Commercial Fishery Monitoring (HI. I)

Crieger, K. and D. POller (New England Aquarium and NEFSC)

Pilot Whale Release (OP.5)

Drew, S., P. Gerrior, and G. Power (Manomet Bird Observatory and NEFSC)

Domestic Observer Project (HI. I.l)

Finn, J. (\Jniv. of Massachuchells)

North Alluntic Right Whale Program: Population Dynamics (OP.L4)

Gerrior, P. (NEFSC)

Foreign Observer Projecl (HI.J .2)

Katona, S. (College of the Atlantic)

North Atlantic Humpback Whalc Program: Humpback Whale

Individual Identification (OP.3.2)

Kraus, S. (New England Aquarium)

North Atlantic Right Whale Program: Individual Identification (OP.J.3)

Mayo, C.A. (Center for CoasUlI SLUdies)

Distribution and HabiUlt Usage of Large CeUlceans (OP.3.I)

Mayo, S. (Center for CoasUlI Studies)

North Atlantic Right Whale Program: HabiUlt Requirements (OP.L2)

Nicolas, J. (NEFSC)

Marine Mammal Biological Sampling (ER.2)

Palka, D. (NEFSC)

Harbor Porpoise Program: Sighting Survey (OP.2. I)

Potter, D. (NEFSC)

Harbor Porpoise Program: Harbor Porpoise Aerial Survey (OP.2.3)

Read, A. and S. Kraus (Woods Hole Oceanogr. Ins!. and New England Aquarium)

Harbor Porpoise Program: Inshore Sighting Survey (OP.2.2)

Smith, T. (NEFSC)

Harbor Porpoise Program: HPP (OP.2)

Marine Mammal By-Calch ESlimation (HI.2)

S93K

SIOK

S69K

SIOK

S1588K

S22K

$-0-

--

S20K

$79K

S20K

S33K .. ..

S25K

SI80K

$40K

$25K

S25K

S50K
34

North Atlantic Right Whale Program: NARWP (OP.I)

North Atlantic Humpback Whale Program: NAHWP (OP.3)

Waring, G. (NEFSC)

Predation and Spatial Co-occurrence (ER.I)

Northeast Cetacean Aerial Survey (ER. 1.I)

Cetacean Habitat Survey (ER.1.2)

Winn, H. and R. Kenney (Univ. Rhode Island)

North Atlantic Right Whale Program:

Sighting Data and Habitat Use (OP.l.l)

D_ Northwest Fisheries Science Center

Varanasi, U. (NWFSC)

Chemical and Biochcmical Analyses of Marine Mammals

Vamnasi, U. (NWFSC)

Chemical and Biochcmical Analyses of Marine Mammals

E. Northwest Regional Omce

Brown, R. (Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife)

Oregon Harbor Seal and Sea Lion Projecl (NA88-ABD-00103)

Brown, R. (Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife)

Oregon Harbor Seal and Sea Lion Project (NA17FX0278-01)

F. Southeast Fisheries Science Center

McGowan (SEFSC)

Image Archival and Processing for Right Whales, Humpback

Whales, and Bottlenose Dolphins (FSNlOO-8LIC4D

Mullin, K. (SEFSC,.Pascagoula Laboralory)

Deep Water Cetaceans of the Gulf of Mexico

Powers, J. (SEFSC, Miami Laboratory)

Stock Struclure Analysis of Bottlenose Dolphins

(FSN lOO-8LIC4T)

$12K

$IOK

$50K

$173K

$250K

$93K

$27.5K

$54.5K

$35.6K

$35.6K

$16K

$83.IK

$I2K
35

Low-Level Monitoring of Bottlenose Dolphin Stocks in the

Coastal Waters of the SouLheastem United States

(FSNI00-SLlC4T)

PhotogrammeLric Analysis of Bottlenose Dolphin

Populations (FSNIOO-SLlC4T)

Regional Aerial Survey of the Gulf of Mexico (FSNlOO-SLlC41)

Emergency Investigation of Gulf Dolphin Dieoff

Cross, F. (Beaufort Laboratory)

Marine Mammal and Turtle Slrandings (SEC-9-91-12)

Kifer, R. (Charleston Laboratory)

Marine Mammals and Endangered Species, Research & Technical

Suppon (SEC8-91-03)

Nichols, S. (Mississippi LaboraLory)

Low Lcvel Marine Mammal MoniLoring (SEC2-91-09)

Powers,J. (Miami Laboratory)

Bottlenose Dolphin Low-Level Monitoring (SECI)

Bottlenose Dolphin Fishery Interaction I (SECI)

Emergency Investigation -- Gulf of Mexico Dolphin (SECI)

Emergency Investigation -- Megaborg Oil Spill (SECI)

Marine Mammal Assessment Studies I (SECI)

Marine Mammal Assessment Studies 1Il (SECI)

Marine Mammal Assessment Studies IV (SECI)

G. Southwest Fisheries Science Center

Barlow, J. and D. P. DeMasler (SWFSC)

Coastal Marine Mammals (540)

Dizon, A. and D. P. DeMasLer (SWFSC)

Biological Assessment Program (520)

Gerrodette, T. and D. P. DeMaster (SWFSC)

Dolphin Stock Assessment Progr31Jl (510)

$IOOK

$IOK

$50K

$1l4K

$9.IK

$122.5K

$3l.9K

$-0-

$12K

$35K

$32K

$69K

$S6K

$llOK

$242.9K

$457.4K

$583.6K
36

Gilmartin, W. G. (SWFSC, Honolulu Lab)

Hawaiian Monk Seal Research and Recovery

(FSR200/8LlA3VWO)

Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Beach Debris

Clean-up (FSR200/8LlA5B7F)

Perrin, W. F. (SWFSC)

Senior Scientist Unit (060)

Reilly, S. and D. P. DeMaster (SWFSC)

Fishery Dependent Assessment Program (530)

Barlow, J. and D. P. DeMaster (SWFSC)

Coastal Marine Mammals (540)

Coastal Marinc Mammals (981)

Coastal Dclphinid Survcys (988)

Whalc and Bottlenosc Dolphin Surveys (989)

Dizon, A. and D. P. DcMaslcr (SWFSC)

Biological Asscssment Program (520)

Edwards, E. and D. P. DeMastcr (SWFSC)

Fishcry Dependcnt Assessment Program (550)

Gerrodette, T. and D. P. DeMaster (SWFSC)

Dolphin Stock Assessment Program (510)

Gilmartin, W. G. (SWFSC, Honolulu Lab)

Hawaiian Monk Seal Research and Recovcry

(FSR200/8Ll A3VWO)

Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Beach Debris

Clean-up (FSR200/8LlA5B7F)

Pcrrin, W. F. (SWFSC)

Senior Scientist Unit (060)

Reilly, S. and D. P. DeMastcr (SWFSC)

Dolphin Ecology Program (530)

H. Southwest Regional Office

Hanan, D. (California Dept. Fish and Gamc)

California Coastal Marine Mammals (A90AB-H-FC411)

$392.9K

$25K

$135.3K

$335.6K

$I90K

$61.8K

$158.6K

$75.2K

$470.9K

$87.8K

$466.4K

$422.6K

S25K

S150.9K

$280.8K

$65K
I

r

i

,

,

37

California Department of Fish and Game

Category I Fishery Effort and Harbor Seal Monitoring

Forestell, P. and J. Mobley

Aerial Surveys of Hawaiian Humpback Whales

2. National Ocean Pollution Program Office

FY90-FY91

(No projeclS reported)

3. National Sea Grant College Program

Fay. F. (Univ. Alaska)

Behavior and Vocalizations of Transient Killer Whales (R/06-c)

$219K

$25K

$32.3K

Grau, Goo S. Atkinson, & W. Gilmartin (Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology and NMFS)

Behavior Modification of Male Hawaiian Monk Seals (RIMR-45) $15K

Ray, F. and J. Kelley (Univ. of Alaska)

Behavior and Vocalizations ofTranscient Killer Whales (RI06·31)

4. North Pacific Fisheries Management Council

FY90-FY91

(No projeclS reported)

5. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

FY90-FY91

(No projects)

6. Office of Ocean Resources Consen-ation and Assessment

(formerly Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment)

Basta, D. J. (NOAA Ocean AssessmenlS Division)

Living Marine Resources Mapping Project

Marine Mammals

(No projects)

$32.3K

$25K
38

Department of pefeDSe

1. Air Force (Space Division, Air Force Systems Command)

Stewart, B., C. Cooper, and P. K. Yochem (Hubbs Marine Research Center)

Field Studies of Pinnipcd and Seabird Populations Likely to

be Affected by Launch-Related Noise of Military Space

Vehicles (F0470-88C-0026)

Stewart, B., C. Cooper, and P. K. Yochem (Hubbs Marine Research Center)

Field Studies of Pinniped and Seabird Populations Likely to

be Affected by Launch-Relaled Noise of Military Space

Vehicles (F0470-88C-0026)

2. Arm)' (Corps of Engineers)

(No projects)

Activities associated with planning, construction, operation, and

maintenance of civil works projects

3. Navy

A. Naval Ocean S)'stems Center

Au, W. W. L. (NOSe)

Complex Echo Classilication (Twsiops)

(MMB2511B01)

Gisincr, R. C. and J. A. Thomas (NOSC)

Echolocation in a False Killer Whale (MMB2511B03)

Moore, P. W. B. (NOSC)

Binaural Hearing (Tursiops) (MMB2511B02)

Nachtigall, P. E. (NOSC)

Risso's Visual Acuity (MMB2511B05)

Nachtigall, P. E., P. W. B. Moore, and H. L. Roitblal (NOSC)

Malching-lo-Sample CfursioDs) (MMB2511 AOl)

$173.9K

$106.7K

$247.9K

$1I7K

$102K

$130K

$108K

$113K
39

Ridgway, S. H. and D. A. Carder (NOSe)

Marine Mammal Medical Research and Animal Health

(MM4051ONO1)

Sigurdson, J. E. (NOSC)

Acoustic Communication (Tursions) (MMB2511B04)

Au, W. W. L. (NOSe)

Complex Echo Classification aursiops)

(MMB2511B01)

Gisiner, R. C. and W. W. L. Au (NOSe)

Echolocation in a False Killer Whale (MMB2511B03)

Moore, P. W. B. (NOSe)

Binaural Hearing aursiops) (MMB2511B02)

Neural Network Models aursiops) (ZW29511A01)

Nachtigall, P. E. (NOSC)

Risso's Visual Acuity (MMB251IB05)

Nachtigall, P. E., P. W. B. Moore, and H. L. Roitblat (NOSe)

Matching-to-Sample aursions) (MMB2511A01)

Ridgway, S. H. and D. A. Carder (NOSe)

Marine Mammal Medical Research and Animal Health

(MM4051ONOJ)

B. Ofl'ice of Naval Research

Nachtigall, P. E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Echolocation: Cognitive and Perceptual Processing

Models aursiops) (4424262-01)

Nachtigall, P. E. (NOSe)

Dolphin Echolocation: Cogniti ve and Perceptual Processing

Models (Tursiops) (4424262-01)

Department of Enerey

FY9Q-FY91

(No projects)

$354K

$55K

$120K

$130K

$130K

$124K

$110K

$160K

$90K

$160K

$200K
40

Department of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health

Bullock, T. H. (Univ. California, San Diego)

Non-Standard Models for Study of Cognition ERPS

(ROI NS25963-03)

Castellini, M. A. (Univ. Alaska)

Sleep Apnea in Seals: Metabolic Implications

(R29 HL38675-04)

. Fathman, C. G. (Stanford Univ.)

Study of a Ternary Complex That Drives T Cell

Activation (ROI AI27989-02)

Hodgson, E. (North Carolina State Univ.)

Pesticides and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes

(pOI ES00044-25)

Kooyman, G. L. (Univ. California, San Diego)

Exercise Physiology to Maximum Lung Volume in

Aquatic Mammals (pOI HLI7731-16)

LaMar, G. N. (Univ. California, Davis)

Structural and Dynamic Study of Model Heme Complexes

(R37 HLI6087-17)

Ortiz, C. L. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

DevelopmenLal Physiology of Elephant Seal Pups During

Natural, Prolonged Fasts (S06 GM08132-16)

Rowell, L. B. (Univ. Washington)

Regulation of Blood Flow Distribution (poI HLI691O-17)

Tyack, P. L. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Ontogeny of Signature Whistles and Mimicry (Tursiops)

(R29 DC00429-04)

Weiner, S. (Weizmann Institute, Israel)

Structural Studies of Matrix Proteins in Teeth and Bone

(ROI DE06954-06)

Wichman, H. A. (Univ.ldaho)

Mammalian Genomes: Stasis and Change (R29 GM38727-05)

Wicham, G. M. (Northeastern State Univ., OK)

Computer Based Image Analysis of Iris Sections

(R15 EY085450-1)

$92.IK

$86.IK

$185.3K

$132K

$122.5K

$187.8K

$63.4K

$133.IK

$97.3K

$57.7K

$90.8K

$95.4K
,

I

I

!

41

WilZtum. J. L. (Univ. California. San Diego)

Apolipoprotein E Deficiency and Atherosclerosis

(ROI HL39608-04)

Castellini. M. A. (Univ. Alaska)

Sleep Apnea in Seals: Metabolic Implications

(HL3867S..QS)

Fathman. C. G. (Stanford Univ.)

Study of a Ternary Complex That Drives T Cell

Activation (AI27989-03)

Hodgson. E. (North Carolina State Univ.)

Pesticides and XenobiOlic-Metabolizing Enzymes

(ES0OO44-26)

Hsueh. A. J. W. (Stanford Univ.)

Role of Bioactive FSH in Reproduction (HD23273-06)

Kooyman. G. L. (Univ. California. San Diego)

Exercise Physiology to Maximum Lung Volume in

Aquatic Mammals (HL17731-17)

LaMar. G. N. (Univ. California. Davis)

Structural and Dynamic Study of Model Heme Complexes

(HLI6087-18)

Ortiz. C. L. (Univ. California. Santa Cruz)

Developmental Physiology of Elephant Seal Pups During

Natural. Prolonged Fasts (GM08132-J7)

Rowell. L. B. (Univ. Washington)

Regulation of Blood Flow Distribution (HLI6910-18)

Tyack. P. L. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Ontogeny of Signature Whistles and Mimicry (Tursiops)

(DC00429-0S)

Wichman. H. A. (Univ. Idaho)

Mammalian Genomes: Stasis and Change (GM38727-06)

Department of the Interior

I. Fish and Wildlife Service

Amstrup. S. (AFWRC)

Distribution. Timing. and Importance of Polar Bear

Denning in Northern Alaska (204.01)

$78K

$107.7K

$169.9K

$134.7K

$129.1K

$187.2K

$188.lK

S70.3K

$133.6K

S108.9K

S94.9K

$4S.4K
42

Population Definition and Dynamics of Polar Bears in

the Beaufort Sea (204.02)

Relationships Between Polar Bears, Sea Ice, and

Pagophilic Seals (204.03)

Brownell, R. (NERC)

Ecological Studies of Sea Otters and Other Marine

Mammals (880.11)

Interactions Between Sea OtLers and Nearshore Ecological

Communities (880.12)

Translocation of Sea Otters (880.13)

DeGange, A. (AFWRC)

Biological Information Necessary to Establish a Zonal

Management Program for Sea Otters in Alaska (210.02)

Interactions Between Sea Otters and Fisheries in Alaska

(210.03)

Basis for Estimating Sustained Yield, and Means for

Regulating Sea OLter Populations in North America (210.04)

Assess the Fate of Sea Otters Oiled and Rehabilitated as a

Result of the "Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill (210.06)

Magnitude, Extent, and Duration of Impacts from the

"Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill on Sea Otter Populations (210.05)

Garner, G. (AFWRC)

Population Definition and Dynamics of Polar Bears in

Northwestern and WesLern Alaska (204.04)

Inter-Relationships Between Sea Ice Habitats and Polar Bear

Distribution in Northwestern Alaska (Bering and Chukchi Sea)

(204.05)

Hills, S. and L. F. Pank (AFWRC & Maine Cooperative Fish and

Wildlife Research Unit)

Techniques to Monitor Walrus Population Dynamics and

Refine Estimates of Numbers (214.01)

Kitchens, W. (Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife

Research Unit)

Manatee Protection Project Survey of BoaL Usage Patterns

(540.05)

EvaluaLion of Manatee Distribution PaLterns in Response

to Public Use Activities, CrysUlI River, Florida (540.06)

Evaluation of Cumulative Impacts to the Habitat of the

S324K

$47.8K

S263.IK

S132.2K

$348.6K

S212.3K

S36.9K

S..(}.

$65K

$515K

S349.8K

33.6K

S195.4K

S..(}.

$..(}.
I

,J

I

'j

!

43

Manatee, Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge, Florida (540.07)

Manatee Movements and Foraging in Cumberland Sound and

Adjacent Walers (FL 06)

Klein, D. (Alaska Cooperativc Fish and Wildlife Research Unit)

Walrus Harvest Monitoring in Western Alaska (596.01)

O'Shea, T. (NERC)

Ecological Studies of Manatees and Dugongs (880.10)

Hobe Sound Sea Grass Study (880.61)

Schamberger, M. (NERC)

Develop a Generalized Microcomputer Capability for

Field Offices to Address Large-Scale Resource Assessment

(640.17)

Amstrup, S. (AFWRC)

Distribution, Timing, and Importance of Polar Bear

Denning in Northern Alaska (00018)

Population Definition and Estimation of Survival, Recruitment, and

Numbers of Polar Bears in the Beaufort Sea (00019)

Relationships Between Polar Bears, Sea Ice Movement and Condition,

and Pagophilic Seals (00020)

Ballachey, B. E. (AFWRC)

Assess the Fate of Sea Otters Oiled and Rehabilitaled as a Result of

the "Exxon Valdcz" Oil Spill (00041)

Magnitude, Extcnt, and Duration of Impacts from the

"Exxon Valdcz" Oil Spill on Sea Otter Populations (00042)

Bodkin,J. (AFWRC)

Biological Information Necessary to Establish a Zonal

Management Program for Sea Otters in Alaska (00023)

Interactions Between Sea Olters and Fisheries in Alaska (00024)

Basis for Estimating Sustained Yield, and Means for

Regulating Sea Otter Populations in North America (00025)

Cronin, M. (AFWRC)

Use of DNA to Define PopUlations of Birds, Mammals, and

Fish of Alaska (00043)

Estes, J. (NERC)

Ecological Studies of Sea Otters and Other Marine

Mammals (00404)

$.{).

$25K

$-?-

$340.2K

$54.6K

$19K

$44.4K

$297.7K

$46K

$43.6K

$934.4K

$llO.5K

$322.9K

$36K

$322.9K
44

Interaetions Between Sea Otters and Nearshore Ecological

Communities (00407)

Gamer, G. (AFWRC)

Population Definition and Estimation of Survival, Recruiunent, and

Number ofPolar Bears in Northwestern and Western Alaska (00021)

Inter-Relationships Between Sea Ice Habitats and Polar Bear Distribution

in the Bering and Chukchi Seas in Northwestern Alaska (204.05)

Gill>en, J., S. Hills, and M. Udevitz (AFWRC & Maine Cooperative Fish and

Wildlife Research Unit)

Techniques to Monitor Walrus Population Dynamics and

Refme Estimates of Numbers (00026)

Osbum, R. (NERC)

Develop a GeneraIized Microcomputer Capability for Field

Officesto Address Large-Scale Resource Assessment (00101)

O'Shea, T. (NERC)

Ecological Studies of Manatees and Dugongs (00406)

Percival, F. (Florida Coop. Fish and Wildlife Research Unit)

Manatee Movements and Foraging in Cumberland Sound and

Adjacent Waters(FLRWO 65)

Rathbun, G. (NEFSC)

Translocation of Sea Otters (00405)

2. Geological Survey

FY90-F¥91

(No projects reponed)

3. Minerals Management Service

Becker, P., S. Wise, and R. Zeisler (NOAA, National Inst

of Standards and Technology)

Acquisition and Curation of Alaskan Marine Mammal

Tissues for Determining Levels of Contaminants

Associated with Offshore Oil and Gas Development

(OCSEAP RU 692)

Jarueggeman,J.J.(Ebasco,lncJ

Oregon and Washington Marine Mammal and Seabird

Surveys (l4-35'()()()1-30426)

Jaums, J. (Living Resources, Inc.)

Bowhead Whale Book -- Coeditor (PO 83381)

S269.IK

S340.8K

S31.9K

S183.6K

SI7.IK

S437.2K

S-OS210AK

SI07K

S33K

S22.5K
45

Carvan,M. (Texas A&M Univ.)

A Novel In Yilm System for Marine Toxicological

Analysis (PO 13270)

Davis, R. (Texas A&M Univ.)

Production ofSea OtterReserve Training Videos and

Monograph (14-35-0001-30522)

Geraci, J. and D. St Aubin (Battelle)

Synthesis of Effects ofOil on Marine Mammals

(14-12-0001-30293)

Goodyear, J. (Univ. Guelph)

Application and Constroction of Satellite Tags for Large

Whales (PO 12886)

Hain, J. (Associated Scientists at Woods Hole, MA)

Publication of Scientific Results on Aspects ofthe

CETAPProgram (PO 11206)

Southeast Atlantic Right Whale/Boat Interactions Using

Coordinated Airship Overflights (PO 13269)

Johnson, S. (LGL Alaska Research Associates)

Monitoring Beaufort Sea Waterfowl and Marine Birds;

Detennining Use of Kasegaluk Lagoon by Marine Birds and

Mammals (14-35-0001-30491)

Kraus, S. et aI. (New England Aquarium)

Endangered Right Whales ofthe South Atlantic

(14-35-0001-30486)

Lambertsen, R. (Univ. Pennsylvania)

A Baseline Method to Evaluate Chemico-Biological Interactions

Involving Cetacea (14-12-0001-30533)

LeBoeuf, B. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

Conference on Northern Elephant Seal (14-35-0001-30554)

Diving Studies of Northern Elephant Seals (PO 12485)

(co-funded with NSF)

Mate, B. (Oregon State Univ.)

Applications ofRemote Methods ofLarge Cetacean '

Tracking (14-12-0001-30411)

Mizrock, S. (NMFS)

Workshop on the Estimation ofCalf Mortality in the North

Pacific Humpback Whale (PO 13184) (co-funded with NMML)

Moore, S. (SEACO/SAlC)

Monitoring the Distribution ofChukchi Whales

(14-35-0001-30468)

SI5.4K

$83.9K

S25K

SI8.6K

SI9.6K

$420K

$414.5K

S56.6K

S30K

S27.5K

S329.3K

$8K

S252K
46

Mullin, K. (NMFS)

Relationship Between Sea Turtles and Petroleum Platfonns

and Whale Species Diversity (14-12-0001-30398)

Phillips, R. L. (NOAA &USGS)

Delineation, Faunal Composition, and Repeated Use of

Benthic Feeding Areas by Walrus and Endangered Gray Whales

in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea (OCSEAP RU 722)

Ragen, T. and P. Dayton (Scripps Institute)

Migration of Northern Fur Seal Pups in the Bering Sea

(PO 12523)

Richardson, W. J. et al. (LGL Ecological Research Assoc.)

Synthesis of Infonnation on the Effects ofNoise on

Marine Mammals (14-12-0001-30362)

Nonna! Behavior of Davis Strait Bowheads: A Control Group

for the Western Arctic Stock (14-12-0001-30390)

Effects ofProduction Activities on Arctic Whales

(14-12-0001-30412)

Schell, D. (Univ. Alaska)

Stable Isotope Analysis of 1987 and 1988 Zooplankton and

Bowhead Whale Tissues (14-12-0001-30472)

Setzler-Hamilton, E. (Univ. Maryland, Eastern Shore)

Development of Visual Matrix Charts Which Categorize

Research Literature on Endangered Whales (14-12-0001-30208)

Treacy, S. D. (MMS, Alaska OCS Region)

Bowhead Whale Aerial Survey Project

Wartzok, D. (Society for Marine Mammalogy)

Bowhead Whale Book (14-35-Q004-60148)

Winn, H. E. (Univ. Rhode Island)

South Channel Ocean Productivity Experiment (SCOPEX)

(PO 14669) (co-funded with NSF)

$197.8K

$77.2K

$15K

$.(}.

$.(}.

$715K

$75.7K

$.(}.

$519.3K

$.(}.

$.(}.

Alaska Sea Grant (NOAA)

Workshop: Key to Declining Marine Mammal and Seabird Populations

(co-funded with Alaska Sea Grant) $5K

Becker, P., S. Wise, and R. Zeisler (NOAA, National Inst.

of Standards and Technology)

Acquisition and Curation of Alaskan Marine Mammal

Tissues for Detennining Levels of Contaminants

Associated with Offshore Oil and Gas Development

(OCSEAP RU 692) $70K
47

Brueggeman. J. J. (Ebasco. Inc. and Ecological Consultants. Inc.)

Oregon and WashinglOIl Marine Mammal and Seabird

Surveys (14-35-0001-30426)

Burns. J. (Living Resources. Inc.)

Bowhead Whale Book -- Coeditor (PO 83381)

Davis. R. (Texas A&M Univ. and NMFS/SEFC)

Distribution and Abundance of Marine Mammals in the

North-Central and Western Gulfof Mexico (14-35-0001-30619) $732.8K

Production of Sea Otter Rescue TIaining Videos (14-35-0001-30522) $-0-

DeMaster. D. (NMFS/SWFC)

Development of Manual to Address the Issue of Safety Dming

Aerial Surveys (PO 15156) (co-funded with NMFS/SWFC) $22.1K

Ford. R. G. (Ecological Consulting, Inc.)

Combining Marine Mammal and Seabird Databases (14-35-0001-305%) S95.2K

Goodyear,J. (Univ. Guelph)

Application and Construction of Satellite Tags for Large Whales (PO 12886) $13.7K

Hain. J. (Associated Scientists at Woods Hole. MA)

Southeast Atlantic Right Whale Behavior and Whale/Boat

Interactions Using Coordinated Airship Overflights (PO 13269) S3.5K

Publication of Scientific Results on Aspects of the CETAP

Program (PO 11206)

Johnson. S. and K. Frost (LGL Alaska Research Associates and ADF&G)

Monitoring Beaufortsea Waterfowl and Marine Birds;

Determining Use ofKasegaIuk Lagoon by Marine Birds and

Mammals (14-35-0001-30491) SI09K

Kraus. S. et al. (New England Aquarium)

Endangered Right Whales ofthe South Atlantic

(14-35-0001-30486) S195.8K

Lambertsen, R. (Univ. Pennsylvania)

A Baseline Method to Evaluate Chemica-Biological Interactions

Involving Cetacea (14-35-0001-30533) $-0-

LeBoeuf. B. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

Diving Studies ofNorthern Elephant Seals (PO 12485) (co-funded with NSF) $27.5K

Loughlin. T. (NMML)

Use of Satellite Tags to Determine Pelagic Areas Important 10

Declining Populations ofFur Seals and Sea Lions (Interagency 14411) $144K

Mate. B. (Oregon State Univ.)

Applications ofRemote Methods of Large Cetacean

Tracking (14-12-0001-30411) $58K
48

Moore, S. (SEACO/SAIC)

Monitoring the Distribution ofChukchi Whales

(14-35-0001-30468)

Phillips, R. L. (NOAA &USGS)

Delineation, Faunal Composition, and Repeated Use of

Benthic Feeding Areas by Walrus and Endangered Gray Whales

in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea (OCSEAP RU 722)

Ralls, K. (Smithsonian Inst.)

Publication of Sea Otter Manuscripts (PO 11134 & 12419)

Richardson, W. J. et al. (LGL Ecological Research Assoc.)

Normal Behavior ofDavis Strait Bowheads: A Control Group

for the Western Arctic Stock (14-12-0001-30390)

$238.7K

$-0-

$6.8K

Synthesis of Infonnation of the Effects ofNoise on

Marine Mammals (14-12-0001-30362) $-0-

Effects of Production Activities on Arctic Whales (14-12-0001-30412) $937K

Schell, D. (Univ. Alaska)

S1Jlble Isotope Analysis of 1987 and 1988 Zooplankton and

Bowhead Whale Tissues (14-12-0001-30472) $75.7K

Sherman, K. (NMFS/NEFSC)

Workshop: Northeast Shelf Symposium (eo-funded with EPA, NMFS, MMC,

American Fisheries Society, and Marine Affairs Program, Univ. Rhode Island) $2K

Treacy, S. D. (MMS, Alaska OCS Region)

Bowhead Whale Aerial Survey Project $6OK

Truett, J. (LGL Ecological Research Associates)

Development of Guidelines for OCS Operations in Polar

Bear Habi1Jlts (14-35-0001-30631) $166.8K

Wanzok, D. (Society for Marine Mammalogy)

Bowhead Whale Book -- Publication (14-35-0004-60148) $-0-

Winn, H. E. (Univ. Rhode Island)

Great South Channel Ocean Productivity Experiment (PO 14669) $-0-

4. National Park Service

Rice, B. (NPS)

Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Sea Otter Surveys: Assessment of Oil

Spill, Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska

Squibb, R. (NPS)

Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Sea Otter Surveys: Assessment of

Oil Spill, Katrnai National Park and Preserve, Alaska

$30K

$20K
49

Gabriele, C. (NPS)

Hwnpback Whale Monitoring, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska

PotlS, R. (NPS)

Sea Lion and Harbor Seal Survey in K.atrnai National Park, Alaska

Schroeder,M.(NPS)

Steller Sea Lion Surveys, Glacier Bay National Park. Alaska

Harbor Seal Census, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska

Shannan, L. (NPS)

Whale Prey Monitoring at Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska

1Laggert,J.(NPS)

Killer Whale Monitoring, Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska

penartment of State

Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and

Scientific Affairs

Gambell, R. (International Whaling Commission)

Research Fund of the International Whaling Commission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American 1Lropical 1Luna Commission)

PorpoisefTuna Investigations

Powell D. L. (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources)

Scientific Committee Budget

Gambell, R. (International Whaling Commission)

Research Fund ofthe International Whaling Commission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American 1LropicaI 1Luna Commission)

PorpoisefTuna Investigations

Powell D. L. (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources)

Scientific Committee Budget

S20.9K

SIOK

SI.2K

Sl.5K

S27.5K

S5.4K

$8.3K

Sl138.4K

SI.8K

$8.2K

S1225.8K

SI.2K
50

Enyjronmental Protection Agency

Haebler, R. and R. K. Harris (Environmental Research Laboratory

and Armed FolCes Instiwte ofPathology)

Assessment of Pathological Processes and Mechanisms

ofToxicity in Sea Otters That Died Following Exxon

Valdez Oil Spill

Haebler, R. and D. Kuehl (Environmental Research Laboratory)

Environmental Pathotoxicology ofDolphins

Haebler, R. and R. K. Harris (EPA/Environmental Research Laboratory

and Armed FolCes Instiwte of Pathology)

Assessment ofPathological Processes and Mechanisms

of Toxicity in Sea Otters That Died Following Exxon

Valdez Oil Spill

Haebler, R. and D. Kuehl (EPA/Environmental Resean::h Laboratory)

Environmental Pathotoxicology of Dolphins

Haebler, R. and J. Lake (EPA/Environmental Resean::h Laboratory)

Evaluation of Tissue Contaminant Concentrations in

Harbor Seals as Monitors ofTemporal Trends ofPollution

in Near Coastal Environments

Sentinel Species (cetaceans)

Marine Mammal Commission

Buckland, S. (Scottish Agricultural Statistical Service,

Aberdeen, Scotland)

Review of Information Concerning Small Cetacean

Populations in the Black Sea ( TIS133135)

Domning, D. P. (Howard Univ.)

Communication of Information Concerning Conservation

of Manatees and Dugongs (TISI32327)

Fay, F. H. (Univ. Alaska)

International Workshop on the Ecology and Management

of Walrus Populations (TIS132903)

Haigh, J. C. et al. (USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service)

Training Course for APIDS Veterinary Inspectors

$SOK

$SOK

$80K

$SOK

$SOK

$32.2K

$lK

$O.8K

$2K

$6.4K
51

Jusunan, R. A.

Tern Island Site Survey (175132669 & 175132709)

Kellen, S. R. (Yale Univ.)

Development of a Global Marine Environment Ethic

( 175132932)

Kraus, S. D. and R. D. Kenney (Univ. Rhode Island and New

England Aquarium)

Evaluation ofCritical Right Whale Habitat

(175133753 & 175133740)

LeBoeuf. B. J. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

futernational Conference on Northern and Southern

Elephant Seal (175133724)

National Marine Fisheries Service

Workshop to Develop a Recommended Protocol for

Evaluating Swim-With-A-Dolphin Programs

Center for Marine Conservation

World Conservation Union: Species Survival Commission

Cetacean Action Plan ( 175133685)

Pitcher, K. W. (Alaska Dept. ofFish and Game)

Tugidak Island Harbor Seal Survey (175133261)

Reif. J. S. and R. S. Wells (Dept. Environmental Health. Ft. Collins,

Colorado. and the Brookfield Zoo)

Review of Gulf of Mexico Bottlenose Dolphin Die-off

fuvestigation (T75132851 &175132864)

Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (Scott Polar Research

fustitute. Cambridge. United Kingdom)

Handbook on Antarctic Seal Research Methods and Techniques

( 175133672)

Swanzman, G. L.. J. J. Brueggeman. and K. A. Green-Hammond

(Univ. Washington; EBASCO Environmental. Albuquerque, NM»

Workshop on the Bering Sea and Southern Ocean

Ecosystems (175133193. 175133656. 175133669)

Townsend, R. L. (Townsend Environmental. Otis, OR)

Review of fuformation Concerning Humpback Whales in

Hawaii (175132495)

Waring, G. H. (Southern Illinois Univ.• Carbondale)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research

( 175133724)

Watkins. W. A. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Development of a Computerized Cetacean Bibliography

( 175133685)

S3.7K

S5K

S2K

$2K

S7.lK

$6K

S5K

SIK

S2K

S33.3K

S7.4K

S3.5K

SIK
52

Wiirsig, B. (Texas A&M Univ., Galveston)

Bottlenose Dolphins as Possible Environmental Indicators

( 175133708)

Aguilar, A. (Univ. Barcelona)

Mediterranean Dolphin Die-off Sample Archiving (175134516)

Bruchhausen, P. (Condor Expeditions, New Yorlc)

Marine Mammal Harvests in Argentina (175134011)

Calkins, D. (Alaska Dept. ofFish and Game)

Update of Steller Sea Lion Species Account (175136613)

Clapham, P. J. (Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA)

Project YONAH (Years ofthe North Atlantic Humpback Whale)

(175136349)

Dearborn, R. K. (Univ. Alaska, FairtJanks)

Field Guide to Alaska Marine Mammals (175136394)

Geraci, J. and G. Miller (Univ. Guelph and Navigation Systems Command)

On-site Evaluation of the Striped Dolphin Die-offin the Western

Mediterranean (175133818)

Hain, J. (Associated Scientists at Woods Hole, MA)

Airship Surveys ofRight Whale MotherlCalfPairs (175136394)

Hoover-Miller, A. (pacific Rim Research, Philo, CA, & Haines, AK)

Update of Alaska HaIbor Seal Species Account (175134749)

Alaska Marine Mammal Geographic Infonnation System

Feasibility Study (175136297)

Kelly, B. P. (Univ. Alaska, Fairbanks)

Pacific Walrus Draft Conservation Plan (175136051)

Kimmel, M., K. Wynne, and S. Montgomery (Alaska Sea Otter Commission,

Univ. Alaska-Cordova, and Woodstock, Virginia)

Alaska Sea Otter Conservation Plan (175136064, 175136226, 175136336)

Mate, B. R. (Oregon State Univ., Newport)

Identification ofPrograms Needed to Meet the Monitoring Requirements

of Section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (175134833)

Navy Briefmg on the Bombing of Sea Lion Rock (175134736)

Matkin, C. (North GulfOceanic Society, Homer, AK)

Alaska Killer Whale Species Account (175135023)

$3.5K

$2K

$O.5K

$2.5K

$4K

$2K

$IOAK

$2K

$4K

$5.7K

$5K

$3K

$l.IK

$1.4K

$5AK
53

Miles, E. (Univ. Washington)

Workshop to Identify Issues Meriting Priority Attention by the NewlyFonned North Pacific Marine Science Organization (175136420) $5.4K

Mizroch, S.• C. Baker. and J. Calambolddis (NMFS; Univ. Wellington; and

Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia. WA)

Hwnpback Whale Calf Monality Womhops (175136352) $3.5K

Nail. D. L. (Eckerd College, St, Petersburg, FL)

Selected International Agreements and Domestic Legislation Affecting

Marine Resources and Marine Habitat (175135573) $2.3K

Northridge, S.

Second Order Effects ofLarge-scale High-seas Driftnet Fisheries

on the North Pacific Marine Ecosystem (175135269. 175136200) $16K

Reed, A. (Dolphin Biology Research Associates, Sarasota, FL)

Harbor Porpoise Age Detennination by Tooth Sectioning (175136381) $3K

Shennan, K. (NMFS)

Symposium on the Northeast Atlantic ShelfEcosystem: SIreSS,

Mitigation, and Sustainability (175135654) (co-funded with MMS) $2K

Townsend, R. (Townsend Environmental, Otis. OR)

Review of the Department ofthe Interior's DraftReport to Congress on

the Impact ofPotential Crude-Oil Spills on the Arctic Ocean on

Alaska Natives (175135764) SO.5K

Waring, G. H. (Southern Illinois Univ., Carhondale)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research (175136103) $3.5K

Wilson, W. (LGL Alaska Research Associates, Inc,)

Amendments to the Bering SealAleutian Islands Ground Fish Fishery

Management Plan (175135010) $5K

Worthy, G. A. J. (Texas A&M Univ.• Galveston)

Energetic Studies ofManatee Calves and Mothers (175136365) $4K

National Aeronautjcs and Space Adminjstration

Lefebvre. L. and J. A. Provancha (USFWS & NASA)

Detennination ofLong Term Changes in a Seagrass Bed

Proteeted from Grazing by Manatees (NASID-U62AX)

Provancha, J. A. (NASA)

Long Term Monitoring of Distribution and Abundance of

Manatees at Kennedy Space Center. Florida (NAS1O-11624A)

$5.2K

$13.9K
54

Lefebvre, L. and J. A. Provancha (USFWS & NASA)

Determination ofLong Term Changes in a Seagrass Bed

Excluded from Grazing by Manatees (NASIO-1l624-EX)

Provancha,J. A., M. Provancha, and R. Reddick (NASA)

Long Term Monitoring ofthe Abundance and Distribution of

Manatees on Kennedy Space Center, Florida (NASlO-1l624-A)

National Science FoundatjoD

Beardsley, R. C. and R. Limeburner (Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution)

Springtime Circulation in the Great South Channel

(SCOPEX) (OCE-8713988)

Frost, B. and M. Macauley (Univ. Washington)

Acoustics ofCopepods and Micronekton in the Great

South Channel (OCE-8915844)

Rain, J. H. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Airships in Cetacean Research (OCE-900943l)

LeBoeuf, B. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

Diving Studies of Northern Elephant Seals (BSR-89169677)

(co-funded with MMS)

Biological Studies of Northern Elephant Seals (BSR-8919933)

Diving and Foraging Behavior of Northern Elephant Seals (INT-9016374)

Miyamoto, M. (Univ. Florida)

Molecular Systematics of Eutherian Mammals and

Other Species (BSR-8945l03)

Palumbi, S. (Univ. Hawaii)

Genetic Diversity ofEndangered Populations of Mysticete

Whales: Mitochondrial DNA and Historical Demography

(BSR-9000006)

Smuts, B. (Univ. Michigan)

Social Behavior in Apes and Dolphins (BNS-885769)

Testa, J. (Univ. Alaska)

Dispersal and Diving Behavior of Seals Determined

by Satellite Telemetry (DPP-88-16567)

S7.5K

SlOK

S83.3K

S27K

$48.6K

S55K

S70K

S17.9K

S25K

Sl30K

$66.5K

S115.5K
55

Tyack, P. and L. Sayigh (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Development of Signature Whistles in Free-Ranging

Bottlenose Dolphins (BNS-90l4545)

Winn, H. E. et aI. (Univ. Rhode Island)

South Channel Ocean Productivity Experiment (SCOPEX)

OCE-8915844)

Beardsley, R. C. and R. Limeburner (Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution)

Springtime Circulation in the Great South Channel

(SCOPEX) (0CE-9101034)

Berta, A. (San Diego State Univ.)

Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Phocid

Pinniped Clade (BSR-9006535)

Costa, D. P. and R. Wells (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

Free-ranging Energetics ofBottlenose Dolphins (OCE-90l8626)

Felten, D. L. (Univ. Rochester)

Neural-Immune Interactions in the BelugaWhale (DCB-9105791)

Palumbi, S. R. (Univ. Hawaii)

Genetic Diversity of Endangered Populations ofMystieete

Whales: Mitochondrial DNA and Historical Demography

(BSR-9000006)

Siniff, D. (Univ. Minnesota)

The Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters at Amchitka Island, Alaska

(DPP-91Oll34)

Smuts, B. (Univ. Michigan)

Social Behavior in Apes and Dolphins (BNS-88-57%9)

Testa, J. (Univ. Alaska)

Dispersal and Diving Behavior of Seals Determined

by Satellite Telemetry (DPP-88-16567)

Tyack, P. and L. Sayigh (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Development of Signature Whistles in Free-ranging Bottlenose

Dolphins (BNS-9Q-14545)

Wanzok, D. (Univ. Missouri, SL Louis)

Under-Ice Behavior ofRinged Seals (DPP-9024106)

Worthy, G. A. (Texas A&M Univ.)

Free-ranging Energetics ofBottlenose Dolphins (0CE-9019%2)

$9.IK

$173K

$200.2K

$59.8K

$78.8K

$54.6K

$49K

$174.3K

$66.5K

$51.4K

$I02.6K

$21.1K
56

Smithsonian InstitutjoD

Mead, J. G. (Museum ofNatwaI History)

Marine Mammal Program (80337100)

Mead, J. G. (Museum ofNatwaI History)

Marine Mammal Program (80337100)

$165K

$169K