Final 

Sampling Episode Report 

Buckeye Power Company’s 

Cardinal Power Plant 

Brilliant, OH 

Sampling Episode 6551 

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Engineering and Analysis Division 

Office of Water 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, D.C. 20460 

Prepared by: 

Eastern Research Group, Inc.

14555 Avion Parkway 

Suite 200 

Chantilly, VA 20151 

26 August 2008 

EPA Contract No. 68-C02-095 

Work Assignment 5-22
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................1-1 

1.1 Background of Detailed Study.............................................................................1-1 

1.2 Power Plant Site Selection...................................................................................1-1 

1.3 Sampling Episode Overview................................................................................1-2 

2. PLANT OVERVIEW.............................................................................................................2-1 

2.1 Particulate Control Systems.................................................................................2-2 

2.2 Fly Ash Pond........................................................................................................2-3 

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION .......................................................................................................3-1 

3.1 Sampling Points, Sample Collection Methods, and Field Measurements ...........3-1 

3.1.1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond..........................................................................3-2 

3.1.2 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond.....................................................................3-5 

3.2 List of Analytes and Sample Preservation...........................................................3-7 

3.3 Plant Operational Data.........................................................................................3-8 

3.4 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan ...............................................3-8 

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...................................................4-1 

4.1 Measured and Calculated Results for Fly Ash Pond Influent Samples ...............4-1 

4.2 Fly Ash Pond........................................................................................................4-3 

5. DATA QUALITY.................................................................................................................5-1 

5.1 Analytical Quality Control...................................................................................5-1 

5.2 Field Quality Control ...........................................................................................5-1 

5.2.1 Bottle Blanks............................................................................................5-1 

5.2.2 Equipment Blanks....................................................................................5-2 

5.2.3 Field Blanks .............................................................................................5-3 

5.2.4 Field Duplicates .......................................................................................5-4 

6. REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................6-1 

Appendix A: ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Appendix B: ANALYTICAL DATA FOR METALS, FLY ASH POND

Appendix C: DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES

Appendix D: PICTURES FROM THE SAMPLING EPISODE
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LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

3-1 Sample Collection Information, Cardinal...................................................................... 3-10 

3-2 Number of Samples Collected by Sampling Point, Cardinal......................................... 3-11 

3-3 Field Measurements, Cardinal ....................................................................................... 3-12 

3-4 Analytical Methods and Procedures for Samples Collected at Cardinal ....................... 3-13 

3-5 Summary of Sample Container and Planned Preservation ............................................ 3-14 

3-6 Sample Preservation Summary, Cardinal ...................................................................... 3-15 

3-7 Generating Unit Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Cardinal.......... 3-16 

3-8 Ash System Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Cardinal................. 3-17 

3-9 Fly Ash Pond Operating Characteristics, Cardinal........................................................ 3-18 

4-1 Biphasic Sample Results for Classicals and Routine Total Metals Measured 

Above the Report Limit, Fly Ash Pond Influent, Cardinal.............................................. 4-4 

4-2 Classical Pollutants Measured Above the Report Limit for the Fly Ash Pond, 

Cardinal............................................................................................................................ 4-6 

4-3 Metals Measured Above the Report Limit for the Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal .................... 4-7 

5-1 Field Duplicate Results, Cardinal .................................................................................... 5-5 

A-1 Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal........................................................... A-1 

A-2 ProChem Biphasic Filtration Blank Analytical Results, Cardinal................................ A-10 

A-3 Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal ........................................................ A-11 

A-4 Duplicate of Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal.................................... A-16 

A-5 Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal .................................... A-21 

A-6 Fly Ash Pond Influent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal ..................................... A-27 

A-7 Fly Ash Pond Effluent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal..................................... A-31 

B-1 Analytical Results for Metals in the Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal..........................................B-1 
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LIST OF FIGURES 

Page 

2-1 Simplified Diagram of Ash Sluice Waste Streams, Cardinal Power Plant...................... 2-4 

2-2 Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal Power Plant ............................................................................... 2-5 

D-1 Sampler Working Inside a “Cleanbox”........................................................................... D-1 

D-2 Sample Location for the Influent to the Fly Ash Pond ................................................... D-2 

D-3 Sample Collection Set-Up at the Influent to the Fly Ash Pond ...................................... D-3 

D-4 “Shake and Pour” Set-Up for the Influent to the Fly Ash Pond ..................................... D-4 

D-5 Waste Streams Entering the Fly Ash Pond at the Completion of the Composite 

Period .............................................................................................................................. D-5 

D-6 Waste Streams Entering the Fly Ash Pond the Day before Sample Collection.............. D-6 

D-7 Sample Collection Set-Up at the Effluent from the Fly Ash Pond................................. D-7 
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1. INTRODUCTION

 The Engineering and Analysis Division (EAD) of the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) has been conducting a program that consists of site visits and sampling at steam 

electric power plants to characterize raw wastewaters generated by coal-fired steam electric 

power plants, as well as to evaluate treatment technologies and best management practices used 

to reduce pollutant discharges. This Sampling Episode Report (SER) describes the sampling 

activities that took place on October 15 and 16, 2007, at Buckeye Power Company’s Cardinal 

Power Plant (Cardinal), located in Brilliant, Ohio (Sampling Episode 6551). The focus of 

Episode 6551 was to characterize the influent to and effluent from the fly ash pond at Cardinal. 

1.1 Background of Detailed Study

 Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires EPA to develop and publish a 

biennial plan that establishes a schedule for the annual review and revision of national effluent 

limitations guidelines and standards (ELGs) required by CWA section 304(b). During EPA’s 

2005/2006 review of ELGs, EPA determined that the steam electric power generating point 

source category (40 CFR Part 423) was the second-largest discharger of toxic-weighted 

pollutants. EPA’s analyses indicated that the toxic-weighted loadings were predominantly driven 

by metals present in wastewater discharges, and that the waste streams contributing the majority 

of the metals are associated with air pollution controls. Other potential sources of metals include 

coal pile runoff, metal/chemical cleaning wastes, coal washing, and certain low-volume wastes. 

 In the 2005/2006 study, EPA noted certain data limitations that affected the Agency’s 

estimate of the potential hazards posed by discharges from this category. Therefore, EPA 

determined that further review of these discharges during the 2007/2008 ELG planning cycle 

was warranted. EPA has concentrated its efforts for the 2007/2008 study on better characterizing 

the sources generating the pollutants responsible for the majority of the toxic-weighted pollutant 

loadings and available pollution control technologies/practices for steam electric plants. 

1.2 Power Plant Site Selection

 EPA selected six coal-fired steam electric plants for wastewater sampling. EPA based the 

plant selection on the process configurations and characteristics of the plants, as well as the site 

visits conducted for the study. The following characteristics (not listed in any priority order) 

were used to select plants for sampling: 

• Coal-fired boilers; 

• Wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber system, including: 

— Type of scrubber, 

— Sorbent used, 

— Year operation began, 

— Chemical additives used, 

— Forced oxidation process, 

— Water cycling, and 

— Solids removal process; 

• FGD wastewater treatment system; 

• Type of coal; 
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• NOx controls; 

• Ash handling systems; 

• Ash treatment system; and 

• Mercury air controls. 

 EPA selected Cardinal for sampling based on the following site characteristics: 

• The plant is a coal-fired power plant that burns eastern subbituminous coal; and 

• The plant operates an ash pond that receives fly ash sluice water almost 

exclusively. 

1.3 Sampling Episode Overview

 On May 15, 2007, EPA and its technical contractor, Eastern Research Group, Inc. (ERG), 

conducted a site visit at Cardinal. The purpose of the site visit was to learn about the wastewater 

treatment operations regarding the fly ash pond, and to gather information in order to collect 

wastewater samples at Cardinal. The information collected during the site visit was used to 

create Sampling Plan, Buckeye Power Company’s Cardinal Power Plant (Sampling Plan) [1], 

which describes the sample collection procedures used during the sampling episode. 

 For this sampling episode, EPA arrived at Cardinal on Monday, October 15, 2007, to 

review the sampling points, determine the set-up for the sample collection, label sample bottles, 

and purchase any additional supplies needed for the sampling episode. EPA then collected the 

samples specified in the Sampling Plan on Tuesday, October 16, 2007. The following personnel 

participated in EPA’s sample collection activities: 

• Ron Jordan, EPA/EAD; 

• Josh Hall, EPA/EAD; 

• TJ Finseth, ERG; 

• Sarah Holman, ERG; and 

• Jessica Wolford, ERG. 

In addition, during the sample collection, EPA collected split samples with the Utility Water Act 

Group (UWAG), acting on behalf of the plant. 
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2. PLANT OVERVIEW

 Cardinal operates three coal-fired steam electric generating units. Units 1 and 2 each have 

a capacity of approximately 600 megawatts (MW) and came on line in 1967. Unit 3 has a 

capacity of approximately 630 megawatts (MW) and came on line in 1977. The Cardinal Power 

Plant is located in Brilliant, Ohio near the Ohio River. 

 Units 1 and 2 use cold side electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) and have the following 

configuration: 

• Boiler → SCR → Air heater → ESP. 

 Unit 3 uses a hot side ESP and has the following configuration: 

• Boiler → ESP → SCR → Air heater. 

 Around the time of sampling, Cardinal was burning approximately 13,500 tons per day 

(tpd) of eastern subbituminous coal. During the sampling episode, Unit 1 was burning 

approximately 4,780 tpd of mid-sulfur subbituminous coal and Unit 3 was burning 

approximately 4,342 tpd of low-sulfur subbituminous coal. During the sampling episode, Unit 2 

was shut down and therefore, was not burning any coal; however, plant personnel stated that the 

unit was typically burning 4,400 tpd of mid-sulfur subbituminous coal. Cardinal may begin to 

burn a blend of Powder River Basin (PRB) and eastern subbituminous coal in Unit 3 in the near 

future. In addition to coal, all three units burn #2 fuel oil when the coal pulverizers go in and out 

of service. Thus, the amount of oil burned annually depends upon the number of coal pulverizer 

startups and shutdowns. Cardinal reported that in 2006, the plant burned the following volumes 

of fuel oil: 505,840 gallons in Unit 1; 391,210 gallons in Unit 2; and 541,174 gallons in Unit 3. 

 In 2004, Cardinal retrofitted all three units with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) 

systems to control nitrogen oxide (NOx) releases from the plant. Cardinal typically operates the 

SCR systems from May 1 through September 30; however, this year, Cardinal was still operating 

the Unit 3 SCR system during the sampling episode, with plans to operate it into November. 

Cardinal may at times temporarily suspend SCR operation during low-load operation (e.g., at 

night). 

 As the flue gas passes over the catalyst in the SCR process, some of the sulfur dioxide is 

oxidized to sulfur trioxide. Emissions of this sulfur trioxide contribute to the formation of acid 

rain in the environment, as well as a blue plume. To remove the sulfur trioxide, Cardinal was 

intermittently injecting ammonia into the flue gas at the time of sampling episode. However, 

since the sampling episode, Cardinal has built trona injectors. Cardinal will inject trona, a 

sodium-based carbonate (i.e., sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate), into the flue gas to 

remove sulfur trioxide. Equation 2-1 shows the reaction of sodium bicarbonate to sodium 

carbonate. Equation 2-2 shows the reaction of sodium carbonate and sulfur trioxide to sodium 

sulfate. 

 2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 (2-1) 

 Na2CO3 + SO3 → Na2SO4 + CO2 (2-2) 
2-2

 Cardinal uses ESPs to remove approximately 99.5 percent of the fly ash from the flue gas 

emitted from all three units. The fly ash and other particulates are collected in hoppers and 

sluiced to the fly ash pond. Section 2.1 discusses the particulate control systems and Section 2.2 

discusses the fly ash pond. 

 At the time of the sampling episode, Cardinal was in the process of installing wet FGD 

systems on all three units to control sulfur dioxide emissions. Cardinal began operating the Unit 

2 FGD system in December 2007 and the Unit 1 FGD system in March 2008. Cardinal plans to 

begin operating the Unit 3 FGD system in 2010. These FGD systems are jet bubbler reactors that 

use limestone as a sorbent and forced oxidation to generate gypsum. The FGD reactors are 

designed to remove 98 percent of the sulfur dioxide from the flue gas. Cardinal treats the 

wastewater generated from these FGD systems in a treatment system with the following 

operations: equalization, desaturation (lime addition), primary clarification, ferric chloride 

addition, polymer addition, and secondary clarification. 

2.1 Particulate Control Systems

 As the coal is combusted in the boilers, solid, noncombustible constituents of the coal, 

referred to as ash, are generated. The heavier ash particles collect on the bottom of the boiler and 

are referred to as bottom ash. The finer ash particles are light enough to be transferred out of the 

boiler with the flue gas exhaust and are referred to as fly ash. The bottom ash is removed from 

the bottom of the boiler using a stream of sluice water that transports the particles to a bottom 

ash pond. 

 Cardinal sluices the bottom ash from the bottoms of the Unit 1 and 2 boilers once per 

day. Cardinal sluices one boiler once per 12-hour shift (7:00 am to 7:00 pm) and alternates 

between the Unit 1 and Unit 2 boiler each shift. Cardinal sluices the bottom ash from the bottom 

of the Unit 3 boiler twice per day, or once per 12-hour shift. Each sluicing lasts two hours. The 

bottom ash sluice is transported to the bottom ash ponds where the bottom ash solids settle in the 

pond. Sluice water is only transferred to the bottom ash ponds when the bottom ash is being 

sluiced. The effluent from the bottom ash ponds is then transported to the bottom ash 

recirculation pond. Cardinal uses some of the water in the bottom ash recirculation pond as the 

bottom ash sluice water for all three units. Additionally, water from the bottom ash recirculation 

pond can be reused for fly ash sluice and if there is excess water in the system, some of the 

bottom ash recirculation water is transferred to the fly ash pond. 

 In Units 1 and 2, the fly ash flows with the flue gas through the SCRs and is removed 

from the flue gas in the ESPs. In Unit 3, the fly ash flows with the flue gas through the ESP first, 

which removes the fly ash, and then the flue gas flows through the SCR. The ESP systems use 

high voltage to generate an electric charge on the particles contained in the flue gas. The charged 

particles then collect on a metal plate with an opposite electric charge. As the particles begin to 

layer on the metal plates, the plates are tapped/rapped to loosen the particles, which fall into 

collection hoppers. Each unit has multiple hoppers that collect ash from different places in the 

ESP. The hoppers located closer to the inlet of the ESP collect the larger fly ash particles that are 

removed more easily and the hoppers located closer to the outlet of the ESP collect the finer fly 

ash particles that are more difficult to remove. The hoppers at the inlet of the ESP typically 

collect more fly ash than the hoppers at the outlet. 
2-3

 Cardinal continuously sluices fly ash from Units 1 through 3 to the fly ash pond; 

however, the plant does not continuously sluice fly ash from each collection hopper within the 

units. In each unit, the plant automatically cycles through the hoppers, sluicing from one hopper 

to the next, with no down time between hopper sluices. It takes the plant 1 to 1.5 hours to sluice 

each hopper box. Units 1 and 2 contain two hopper boxes each. Unit 3 contains four hopper 

boxes, two of which are sluiced at a time. Therefore, the plant completes one sluice cycle of the 

hopper boxes for each unit in two to three hours. 

 Figure 2-1 presents a simplified diagram of the ash sluice streams at the Cardinal plant. 

Cardinal uses service water and water recycled from the bottom ash recirculating pond as the 

source for bottom ash sluicing. The bottom ash sluice water is then transferred to the bottom ash 

ponds where the solids settle out of the wastewater. From the bottom ash ponds, the wastewater 

is transferred to the bottom ash recirculation pond. From the bottom ash recirculation pond, the 

wastewater can be transferred to the following three operations: 

1. Bottom ash sluice system; 

2. Fly ash sluice system; and/or 

3. Fly ash pond. 

Section 2.2 describes the fly ash pond in more detail. 

2.2 Fly Ash Pond

 The fly ash pond at Cardinal receives fly ash sluice water from Units 1 through 3 in 

separate pipes. The fly ash pond receives a combined average flow of 5.76 million gallons per 

day (MGD) of fly ash sluice water from Units 1 and 2, and an average flow of 3.17 MGD of fly 

ash sluice water from Unit 3. The fly ash pond occasionally receives water from the bottom ash 

recirculation pond and storm water. Based on 2006 data, the unlined fly ash pond had an open 

water area of 27.7 acres, a total water volume of 624,141 cubic yards, and a nominal retention 

time of about 10 days; however, the pond is filling up and the volume of the pond is decreasing. 

Cardinal began operating the fly ash pond in 1988 and expects to operate the pond in its current 

configuration until 2014 (i.e., until the pond reaches capacity). The plant is currently considering 

whether to raise the dam or convert to a dry fly ash handling system to handle the fly ash when 

the pond reaches capacity. 

 The fly ash sluice water enters the fly ash pond at one end of the pond. The opposite end 

of the pond is dammed. The plant does not dredge the fly ash pond, and fly ash has built up at the 

delta of the pond to a depth of approximately 20 feet. Wastewater is discharged from the 

dammed end of the pond through NPDES Outfall 019 to Blockhouse Hollow, a tributary of the 

Ohio River. Figure 2-2 presents a diagram of the fly ash pond. The effluent from the fly ash pond 

is not reused within the plant. 
2-4

Figure 2-1. Simplified Diagram of Ash Sluice Waste Streams, Cardinal Power Plant 
2-5

Figure 2-2. Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal Power Plant 
3-1

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION

 During the Cardinal sampling episode, the sampling team followed the sample collection 

protocols specified in the Sampling Plan. Section 3.1 describes the sampling points, sample 

collection methods, and field measurements. Section 3.2 describes the list of analytes and the 

sample preservation procedures. Section 3.3 discusses the plant operational data collected during 

the sampling episode. Finally, Section 3.4 discusses any deviations from the planned sampling 

activities described in the Sampling Plan. 

 During the sampling episode, Unit 2 was shut down due to a scheduled 13-week 

maintenance outage, which began in early September. Because of this outage, there was no 

Unit 2 fly ash sluice water entering the fly ash pond during the sampling episode. 

3.1 Sampling Points, Sample Collection Methods, and Field Measurements

 This section describes the sampling points, sample collection methods followed, and the 

field measurements obtained for this sampling episode. Additional details are available in 

Section 3 of the Sampling Plan. Figure 2-1 presents a flow diagram of the plant’s fly ash pond, 

including sampling point locations. 

 Table 3-1 lists the sampling points, sampling point descriptions, type of sample 

collection, sample collection dates and times, and the EPA Sample Control Center (SCC) sample 

numbers. Table 3-2 lists the sampling point numbers and descriptions, the number of samples 

collected, and the pollutant parameters analyzed for this sampling episode. Table 3-3 presents the 

field measurement data collected from each sampling point. 

 The sampling points for this episode were: 

• SP-1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond; 

• SP-2 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond; 

• SP-3 Duplicate of Effluent from Fly Ash Pond (SP-2); 

• SP-4 Influent to Fly Ash Pond (SP-1) Field Blank; and 

• SP-5 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond (SP-2) Field Blank. 

 For all the sampling points, EPA collected split samples with Cardinal’s representative, 

the Utility Water Act Group (UWAG). EPA inserted a “Y” splitter into the sample tubing 

configuration at each of the sampling points (except SP-4) to allow for split sample collection. 

For this sampling episode, EPA collected all analytes (other than HEM/SGT-HEM and several 

field blanks collected at SP-4) as “true” splits (i.e., samples for the same analyte were collected 

simultaneously). The HEM/SGT-HEM samples were collected using a bottle dipper; therefore, 

EPA and Cardinal’s representative collected duplicate samples, with one filling the bottle 

immediately after the other. 

 The low-level total mercury, low-level total metals, and routine total metal field blanks 

collected at SP-4 (influent to fly ash pond) were not collected as “true” split samples. The field 

blanks for these samples were collected as “multipour” splits because the composite tubing did 

not have a splitter in its configuration. The “multipour” splits were collected by the following 

procedure: one-third of the EPA sample bottle was filled and then one-third of the “split” bottle 
3-2

was filled. The EPA sample bottle and the “split” bottle were each in turn then filled with an 

additional one-third sample. Finally, the EPA sample bottle was filled completely and then the 

“split” bottle was filled completely. For a description of the field blank sample collection 

procedures, see Section 5.2.3. 

 At each of the five sampling points, EPA collected low-level metals sample fractions 

following EPA Method 1669 collection protocols. To collect low-level metals samples, EPA 

samplers donned Tyvek® suits and dust masks (dust masks were worn until all low-level 

mercury samples had been collected). In addition, EPA set up a “cleanbox,” which consists of a 

portable plastic rectangular box with a shallow lip and a flip-top lid that secures itself open with 

clips. The “cleanbox” is double-bagged with a clear inner bag, enclosed in a translucent outer 

bag. The “cleanbox” is handled using “clean hands / dirty hands” techniques, whereby the inner 

bag is handled only by the “clean hands” sampler. When the “cleanbox” is opened, the sampler is 

able to position his/her hands in it and pull the bag over the opening of the box, but is still able to 

see the sample bottles and tubing. The “cleanbox” minimizes potential atmospheric 

contamination during sample collection. Figure D-1, in Appendix D, is a picture of a sampler 

working inside a “cleanbox.” To collect samples, EPA placed the sample bottles and the inner 

bag into the “cleanbox” following the protocols specified in Method 1669, also referred to as 

“clean hands / dirty hands” protocols. Sampling staff filled the sample container and closed the 

sample bottle lid and inner bag as quickly as possible within the “cleanbox.” The sample bottles 

were then placed into the outer bag following the “clean hands / dirty hands” protocols. 

3.1.1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond 

 The influent to the fly ash pond (SP-1) was collected from the edge of a channel where 

fly ash sluice streams from Units 1, 2, and 3 commingle and enter the fly ash pond. During the 

sample collection period, the fly ash pond did not receive fly ash sluice from Unit 2, as discussed 

in Section 3.0, but did receive water from the bottom ash recirculation pond. Figure 2-1 identifies 

the sampling location for SP-1. Figure D-2, in Appendix D, is a picture of the influent ash sluice 

streams and the sample location. This sample was collected as a three-hour composite sample 

because the waste streams at the plant do not undergo equalization prior to flowing to the fly ash 

pond; therefore, EPA chose to collect a composite to account for some of the variability in the 

waste stream. EPA chose a three-hour composite because the plant completes one fly ash 

sluicing cycle for each unit in approximately three hours. 

 As discussed previously, the sampling point was located outside along the edge of the 

channel entering the pond. EPA did not set up a tent or tarps to cover the samplers/samples from 

rain and/or wind. There were no rain or wind conditions during the collection of the field blanks 

or the set-up of the sampling point. In addition, it did not rain during the composite period; 

therefore, there was no impact on the samples collected. 

 Prior to setting up the composite samplers at the influent to the fly ash pond (SP-1), the 

sampling team collected field blanks (SP-4) for low-level total mercury, low-level total metals, 

and routine total metals. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank sample collection 

at the influent to the fly ash pond. In addition, the samplers collected one set of HEM/SGT-HEM 

grab samples by dipping the bottles directly into the channel with the fly ash sluice streams with 

a bottle dipper. The HEM/SGT-HEM samples were not collected in the compositor because the 

oil and grease adheres to the sides of the tubing and the composite containers. 
3-3

 EPA collected the wastewater samples of the influent to the fly ash pond by compositing 

25 individual grab samples over a three-hour period. The individual grab samples were collected 

by automatically pumping samples from the fly ash sluice stream channel into two composite 

containers, one each for the classical analytes and the metal analytes (see Section 3.2 for the 

analyte list). The samplers attached one end of a 25-foot length of Teflon® tubing to a piece of 

PVC pipe and inserted the pipe and tubing into the sluice stream channel. The tubing was 

attached a couple feet above the bottom of the PVC pipe because the pipe was pushed into the 

solids at the bottom of the channel to help keep the tubing in position during the entire composite 

period. In this position, the tubing was approximately at mid-depth in the channel; however, the 

channel was very shallow, only several inches deep. The other end of the Teflon® tubing was 

attached to a piece of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump and 

attached to a vent cap on the 20-liter composite container. Because there were two composite 

containers, EPA had two tubing configurations and two ISCO peristaltic pumps. The two ends of 

the Teflon® tubing were placed side by side on the PVC pipe to ensure that nearly identical 

samples were collected. The one difference between the two set-ups for the composites was that, 

due to the difference in preservation requirements for these analytes, the composite container for 

the classicals was placed on ice and the composite container for the metals was not. 

 After they placed the PVC pipe and the ends of the Teflon® tubing in the channel and 

secured the PVC pipe so that it would not move during the composite period, the samplers 

purged the tubing for the metals composite for approximately three minutes. The samplers then 

programmed and calibrated the automatic compositor (ISCO peristaltic pump) to collect 800 mL 

of sample every eight minutes for three hours, for a total of 20 liters of sample from 25 

individual grabs. The samplers then attached the end of the silicone tubing to the vent cap on the 

20-liter container. 

 After preparing the composite for the metals samples, the samplers followed the same 

procedures to prepare the composite for the classicals samples. The samplers programmed and 

calibrated the automatic compositor to collect 800 mL of sample every eight minutes for three 

hours and attached the end of the silicone tubing to the vent cap on a different 20-liter container. 

They then closed off the inner and outer bags surrounding the composite containers and placed 

each composite container in a separate trash can. The samplers then surrounded the classicals 

container with ice, to keep the grab samples cold, as required for preservation. The lid of the 

trash can was then placed on top of the composite containers to protect the containers from rain; 

however, the lid was not shut down completely because it would kink the tubing. Figure D-3, in 

Appendix D, is a picture of the sampling set-up for the composite at the influent to the fly ash 

pond. 

 The samplers then started both of the automatic compositors at the same time and 

watched them to ensure that the samples were collected in both containers. The samplers then 

watched the collection of the second individual grab samples for each compositor. Because the 

two samples appeared to be collected successfully, the samplers left the sampling point and did 

not return to the influent sampling point until the compositing time period was complete. 

 When the samplers returned to the sampling point, the compositing period had already 

concluded. Upon retrieving the composite containers, EPA noticed that the metals composite 

container was not completely full; it had approximately 14 liters of samples while the classicals 

container had a full 20 liters. After removing the vent cap from the metals composite container, 
3-4

the sampling team operated the ISCO peristaltic pump to collect an additional manual composite, 

which the samplers estimated to be approximately 800 mL, into a spare 1-L container. Because 

this manual composite was approximately the same amount as each of the planned manual 

composite samples, EPA concluded that a full 20 liters of sample was not collected because the 

sample tubing configuration probably had a slight kink, which allowed it to collect samples, but 

limited the amount of sample collected. EPA believes that the compositor collected a similar 

amount of volume for each sample, but it was less than 800 mL; therefore, EPA believes that the 

metals composite sample collected is a representative sample. 

 The samplers then collected the second set of HEM/SGT-HEM grab samples by dipping 

the bottles directly into the ash sluice channel with a bottle dipper. The two sets of HEM/SGTHEM grab samples were composited by the laboratory for a single sample result. The 

HEM/SGT-HEM samples were not collected in the compositor because the oil and grease 

adheres to the sides of the tubing and the composite containers. 

 The samplers then transported the 20-liter composite containers back to the staging area 

to pour off and pump off. The samplers used a pour-off method, “shake and pour,” to collect the 

metals samples that did not require filtration and all of the classical samples, and then used a 

pump-off set-up to collect all of the dissolved metals samples. 

 For the “shake and pour” method, the samplers used a funnel with a short length of 

silicone tubing attached to a “Y” splitter and two additional pieces of silicone tubing to pour the 

samples into the sample bottles. First, two of the samplers (shakers) shook the 20-liter metals 

composite container vigorously for several minutes to resuspend all of the solids settled at the 

bottom of the container. Once the solids were resuspended, the sampling team got in position to 

collect the samples. The shakers shook the 20-liter container back and forth on its side for 

approximately 30 seconds, and then quickly placed the container on a table while another 

sampler removed the cap from the container. Once the cap was removed, the shakers slowly 

poured the sample into the funnel, which was being held by another sampler, and the sample 

flowed down the tubing, through the “Y” splitter, and into the EPA’s and the Cardinal’s 

representative’s sample bottles. Because the solids in this sample settled quickly to the bottom of 

the container, EPA performed the “shake and pour” for each individual bottle so that each bottle 

would contain approximately the same solids content. Figure D-4, in Appendix D, is a picture of 

the sample collection set-up for “shake and pour” method. 

 EPA first collected the low-level total metals, low-level total and dissolved mercury, 

routine total metals, and the arsenic/selenium speciation samples from the metals composite 

container, using the “shake and pour” method and filling the bottles in a “cleanbox,” as described 

in Section 3.1. The samplers then placed the metals composite container near the pump-off 

station and began shaking the 20-liter classicals composite container. After all the solids were 

resuspended in the classicals composite container, the samplers collected the BOD, Group I, and 

Group II samples, using the “shake and pour” method and filling the bottles without a 

“cleanbox.” 

 The sampling team then set up the pump-off station to collect the dissolved metals 

samples, which consisted of a length of Teflon® tubing attached to a length of silicone tubing, 

which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump. The sampling team attached a capsule 

filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short distance downstream of the pump. The sampling 
3-5

team attached another short length of silicone tubing to the capsule filter effluent, which was 

attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone tubing. This set-up allowed EPA to collect 

“true” split samples with Cardinal’s representative. Prior to collecting any dissolved metals 

samples of the fly ash pond influent, the samplers collected a field blank sample (SP-4) for lowlevel dissolved metals, routine dissolved metals, and routine hexavalent chromium. See Section 

5.2.3 for a description of the dissolved metals field blank sample collection at the influent to the 

fly ash pond. 

 After collecting the field blank samples, the sampling team transferred the end of the 

Teflon® tubing into the metals 20-liter composite container. The samplers first purged the tubing 

and filter with sample for 30 seconds and then collected the low-level dissolved metals, routine 

dissolved metals, and routine hexavalent chromium samples. 

 During the sample collection, the sampling team collected two aliquots of sample for 

field testing, one each at the beginning and end of the composite period. Sample pH and 

temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using a pH meter and four-color 

pH paper. The four-color pH paper was used as an independent check of the pH meter to ensure 

that similar results were measured. The free and total residual chlorine measurements at this 

sampling point were not measured because the sampling schedule did not permit the samplers to 

analyze the field test aliquot in a reasonable amount of time after the aliquot was collected. 

Therefore, the samplers did not test/record the free and total chlorine measurements for the 

influent to the fly ash pond. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the influent to the 

fly ash pond. 

 The sampling team observed that the plant was transferring a large quantity of bottom ash 

recirculation pond wastewater directly to the fly ash pond during the three-hour composite 

sample collection at the influent to the fly ash pond. Figure D-2, in Appendix D, shows the waste 

streams entering the fly ash pond just prior to the sample collection at the influent to the fly ash 

pond. The fly ash sluice waste streams were a dark brown color, whereas the bottom ash 

recirculation waste stream was clear. The wastewater in the influent channel was a grayish color. 

Figure D-5, in Appendix D, shows the waste streams entering the fly ash pond after the 

conclusion of the three-hour composite period. For comparison purposes, Figure D-6, in 

Appendix D, shows the waste streams entering the fly ash pond the day before EPA collected the 

fly ash pond influent samples. At the time the picture was taken, there was no bottom ash 

recirculation pond wastewater entering the fly ash pond. 

3.1.2 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond 

 The effluent from the fly ash pond (SP-2) was collected from the channel that feeds 

Blockhouse Hollow, which is a tributary of the Ohio River. Figure 2-1 identifies the sampling 

location for SP-2. This sample was collected as a grab sample, because EPA believes the 

wastewater is equalized through the retention time within the fly ash pond; therefore, the 

wastewater characteristics should be fairly homogeneous. 

 The samples were collected from a small wooden walkway protruding halfway over the 

channel. The sampling team, however, was located on solid ground, along the side of the 

channel. The samplers did not set up a tent to cover the samplers/samples from rain. There were 

no rain or wind conditions during the sample collection. 
3-6

 Prior to collecting samples at the effluent from the fly ash pond (SP-2), the sampling 

team collected field blanks (SP-5) for low-level total mercury, low-level total metals, routine 

total metals, low-level dissolved metals, low-level hexavalent chromium, routine dissolved 

metals, and routine hexavalent chromium. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank 

sample collection at the effluent from the fly ash pond. 

 EPA collected the wastewater samples of the effluent from the fly ash pond by pumping 

samples from the channel into the sample containers. The sampling team attached one end of a 

25-foot length of Teflon® tubing to a piece of PVC pipe, and inserted the PVC pipe and tubing 

into the channel. The sampling team attached the PVC pipe to a rail on the wooden walkway to 

secure the pipe and tubing in place for the duration of the sample collection. The samplers 

positioned the tubing to reach them at the sampling point set-up area and attached it to a piece of 

silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump. The sampling team 

attached a “Y” splitter to the other end of the silicone tubing, with two additional pieces of 

silicone tubing attached to the “Y” splitter. The length of silicone tubing between the pump and 

the “Y” splitter consisted of two pieces with a small connector, which allowed EPA to attach and 

detach a capsule filter inline with the tubing configuration. The “Y” splitter allowed EPA to 

collect “true” split samples with Cardinal’s representative. Figure D-7, in Appendix D, is a 

picture of the sampling set-up for the effluent from the fly ash pond. 

 After configuring the tubing for the sampling point, the samplers purged the tubing and 

filter with sample for approximately one minute. The samplers first collected the low-level 

dissolved metals and low-level hexavalent chromium samples, as well as the QC and duplicate 

samples for each analyte, because the capsule filter was already inline with the tubing 

configuration from the dissolved metals field blank sample collection. The samplers then 

installed a new capsule filter and purged the tubing and filter for one minute. After purging the 

new filter, the sampling team collected the routine dissolved metals and routine hexavalent 

chromium samples, as well as the QC and duplicate samples for each analyte. Each of these 

samples was collected in a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1. 

 After collecting all the dissolved metals samples, the sampling team removed the capsule 

filter from the tubing configuration and purged the tubing for one minute. The samplers then 

collected the low-level total metals, low-level total and dissolved mercury, routine total metals, 

and arsenic/selenium speciation samples, as well as the QC and duplicate samples for each 

analyte, in a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1. The samplers then collected the BOD, 

Group I, and Group II samples, as well as the QC and duplicate samples for each analyte, by 

pouring the samples directly from the tubing into the samples bottles without using a “cleanbox.” 

 The samplers used a bottle dipper to collect the HEM/SGT-HEM and HEM/SGT-HEM 

QC samples directly from the channel to prevent any oil and grease adhering to the sides of the 

tubing. Therefore, instead of collecting split samples for HEM/SGT-HEM analysis with 

Cardinal’s representative, EPA collected duplicate samples with Cardinal’s representative. Two 

members of the sampling team collected the HEM/SGT-HEM samples from the channel at 

approximately the same point within the channel at which the other samples were collected. 

 During the sample collection, the sampling team collected an aliquot of sample for field 

testing. Sample pH and temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using a 

pH meter and four-color pH paper. The four-color pH paper was used as an independent check of 
3-7

the pH meter to ensure that similar results were measured. The free and total residual chlorine 

measurements at this sampling point were not measured because the sampling schedule did not 

permit the samplers to analyze the field test aliquot in a reasonable amount of time after the 

aliquot was collected. Therefore, the samplers did not test/record the free and total chlorine 

measurements for the effluent from the fly ash pond. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement 

data for the effluent from the fly ash pond. 

3.2 List of Analytes and Sample Preservation

 Analytes in EPA’s Cardinal sampling episode included those in the following classes of 

pollutants: 

• Classicals: 

— Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day (BOD5), 

— Total suspended solids (TSS), 

— Total dissolved solids (TDS), 

— Sulfate, 

— Chloride, 

— Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), 

— Ammonia as nitrogen, 

— Nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, 

— Total phosphorus, 

— Hexane extractable material (HEM), and 

— Silica-gel treated hexane extractable material (SGT-HEM); and 

• Metals: 

— Routine total metals (27 metals: aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium, 

beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, 

magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, silver, 

sodium, thallium, tin, titanium, vanadium, yttrium, and zinc), 

— Routine dissolved metals (27 metals), 

— Routine hexavalent chromium, 

— Low-level total mercury, 

— Low-level dissolved mercury, 

— Low-level hexavalent chromium, 

— Low-level total metals (11 metals: antimony, arsenic, cadmium, 

chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc), and 

— Low-level dissolved metals (11 metals). 

 The analytes selected reflect the current understanding of coal-fired power plant air 

pollution control wastewaters, including contributions from coal, scrubber sorbents, treatment 

chemicals, and other sources. Table 3-4 lists the analytical methods used to determine pollutant 

concentrations. 

 Table 3-5 lists the containers used for sample collection as well as the preservation 

requirements for each sample and Table 3-6 summarizes the chemical preservation for each of 

the samples that were preserved on site. The sampling team preserved samples in accordance 

with procedures described in Section 3.4 of the Sampling Plan. All samples except routine total 

and dissolved metals, low-level total and dissolved metals, and low-level hexavalent chromium 
3-8

samples were placed on ice and cooled to <6°C immediately following collection. All dissolved 

metals samples, except low-level dissolved mercury, were filtered in the field. The routine and 

low-level hexavalent chromium samples were preserved in the field, but all other metals samples 

were acid-preserved prior to extraction at the laboratory. The routine hexavalent chromium 

samples were supposed to be preserved to a pH between 9.3 and 9.7 using an ammonium sulfate 

buffer solution; however, the sampling team discontinued preservation for some samples because 

10 percent of the sample volume was added before the required pH was achieved (the pH of the 

preserved samples was approximately 9.0). The low-level hexavalent chromium sample bottles 

were prepreserved with 2 mL of 50-percent NaOH. The Group II and HEM/SGT-HEM samples 

were preserved with sulfuric acid to a pH of <2 immediately after collection in the staging area, 

and the pH was confirmed with four-color pH strips. 

3.3 Plant Operational Data

 During the sampling episode at Cardinal, plant personnel provided the sampling team 

with operational data for each of the generating units and the ash collection system, as well as 

operational and flow data for the fly ash pond. Table 3-7 presents the unit operating 

characteristics, Table 3-8 presents the ash system operating characteristics, and Table 3-9 

presents the fly ash pond operating characteristics during the sampling episode. 

 As noted in Section 3.0, Unit 2 was shut down during the sampling episode due to a 

scheduled 13-week maintenance outage, which began in early September. Because of this 

outage, there was no Unit 2 fly ash sluice water entering the fly ash pond during the sampling 

episode. 

3.4 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

 The sampling episode proceeded as specified in the Sampling Plan with the exceptions 

described below: 

• Total Metals Field Blank Sample Collection at the Influent to the Fly Ash 

Pond (SP-4). For the total metals field blank samples collected from the influent 

to fly ash pond (SP-4), EPA planned on collecting the samples as duplicates with 

Cardinal’s representative. However, EPA collected the samples as “multipour” 

splits with Cardinal’s representative. In addition, because of the limited space 

along the ash sluice channel, the field blank samples were not collected at the 

same point where the composite samples were collected (as the Sampling Plan 

indicated may be the case). Instead, EPA first collected the field blank samples at 

the top of the hill, above where the ash sluice streams enter the pond, and then the 

samplers moved the equipment down to the channel and set up the compositors 

for sample collection. See Section 5.2.3 for more details regarding the collection 

of the field blank samples. 
3-9

• Composite Collection Time at the Influent to the Fly Ash Pond (SP-1). For the 

influent to the fly ash pond, EPA planned to set up the ISCO composite samplers 

to collect 25 individual grab samples of 800 mL every 7.5 minutes for a threehour composite. Because the ISCO sampler could only be set up to collect 

samples by the minute, EPA set up the compositor to collect 25 individual grab 

samples of 800 mL every eight minutes. For this reason, the actual composite 

time period was three hours, 12 minutes. 

• Composite Sample Volume at the Influent to Fly Ash Pond (SP-1). EPA 

planned to fill two 20-liter composite containers with sample during the 

composite time period; however, as discussed in Section 3.3.1, EPA was only able 

to collect 14 liters of sample in the metals composite container (the classicals 

composite container was filled completely). As described in Section 3.3.1, EPA 

believes that the metals sample volume was representative and the reduced 

volume did not impact the sample collection. 

• Time for Sample Filtration at the Influent to the Fly Ash Pond (SP-1). EPA 

planned to allow the solids in the metals composite container to settle for one hour 

after the samplers completed the “shake and pour” for the total metals sample 

collection and before they performed the filtration for the dissolved metals 

samples. However, EPA began the filtration of the dissolved metals samples after 

the composite container had settled for 45 minutes because the solids had 

appeared to settle sufficiently that the cartridge filters would not become clogged 

with solids. 

• Sample Collection Point for the Effluent from the Fly Ash Pond (SP-2). EPA 

planned to collect the samples for the effluent from the fly ash pond from a steel 

bridge that was built over the effluent channel; however, due to contamination 

concerns from the steel, EPA collected the samples from a wooden walkway, 

located immediately downstream of the steel bridge, that protruded halfway 

across the channel. The steel bridge spans the entire effluent channel without 

contacting the water (supported on each end by concrete), therefore collecting the 

sample downstream of the steel bridge introduces no contamination. As a 

precaution, the sampling team avoided walking on the steel bridge while samples 

were being collected to ensure contaminants were not dislodged from the bridge 

into the effluent channel. 

• Chlorine Field Test Measurements. EPA planned to measure the free and total 

residual chlorine for each sampling point after returning to the staging area; 

however, due to the sampling schedule, the samplers were unable to perform the 

chlorine field test measurements in a reasonable time after the field test aliquot 

had been collected. Therefore, EPA did not test/record the free and total residual 

chlorine measurements for either the influent to or effluent from the fly ash pond 

during the sampling episode. 
3-10

• Preservation of Routine Hexavalent Chromium. The routine hexavalent 

chromium samples were supposed to be preserved to a pH between 9.3 and 9.7 

using an ammonium sulfate buffer solution; however, for some of the samples, 

preservation was discontinued because 10 percent of the sample volume was 

added before the required pH was achieved (the pH of these preserved samples 

was approximately 9.0). 

Table 3-1. Sample Collection Information, Cardinal 

Sampling 

Point Number Sampling Point Description 

Type of 

Sample 

Sample Collection 

Date and Time SCC Number

SP-1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond 3-Hour 

Composite 

10/16/2007 

0820 - 1130

1348 a 

71120 

SP-2 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond Grab 10/16/2007 

1026 

71121 

SP-3 Duplicate of Effluent from Fly Ash Pond Grab 10/16/2007 

1026 

71122 

SP-4 Influent to Fly Ash Pond Field Blank Grab 10/16/2007 

0657 b

 and 1442 c 

71123 

SP-5 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond Field Blank Grab 10/16/2007 

0955 

71124 

a – Collection of the pour-offs for total metals and classicals, as well as the pump-offs for the dissolved metals 

samples from the composite collection containers. 

b – Collection of field blanks for total metals. 

c – Collection of field blanks for dissolved metals. 
3-11 

Table 3-2. Number of Samples Collected by Sampling Point, Cardinal 

Sampling 

Point 

Number 

Sampling Point 

Description 

Low-Level Total Metals 

(11 analytes) 

Low-Level Dissolved Metals 

(11 analytes) 

Low-Level Total Mercury 

Low-Level Dissolved 

Mercury 

Low-Level Hexavalent 

Chromium 

Routine Total Metals (27 

analytes) 

Routine Dissolved Metals 

(27 analytes) 

BOD

5 

Group I 

a

Group II 

b

SP-1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SP-2 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond 1+QC 1+QC 1+QC 1+QC 1+QC 1+QC 1+QC 1+QC 1+QC 1+QC SP-3 Duplicate of Effluent from 

Fly Ash Pond 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

SP-4 Influent to Fly Ash Pond 

Field Blank 1 1 1 1 1 

SP-5 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond 

Field Blank 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Total Number of Samples 5+1QC 5+1QC 5+1QC 3+1QC 3+1QC 5+1QC 5+1QC 3+1QC 3+1QC 3+1QC 

a – Group I includes total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate and chloride. 

b – Group II includes ammonia as nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total phosphorus. 

c – The selenium/arsenic speciation results from the sampling episode were not available at the time this report was finalized and therefthis report. 
3-12 

Table 3-3. Field Measurements, Cardinal 

Temp 

°C 

pH 

(S.U.) Sampling Point 

Number

Sampling Point 

Description Time Meter Thermometer Meter a Strips 

Free 

Chlorine 

(mg/L)

Total 

Chlorine 

(mg/L)

M

In

Influent to Fly Ash Pond (beginning of composite) 

0800 19.4 20 7.02 7 NA b NA b 

SP-1 

Influent to Fly Ash Pond (end of composite) 

1204 22.8 24 6.90 7 NA b NA b 

SP-2 Effluent from Fly Ash 

Pond 

1111 16.8 NA 7.97 8 NA b NA b 

a – The pH meter was calibrated on the morning of October 16, 2007 using pre-packaged buffer solutions at pHs 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0. b – Due to sampling schedule limitations, the sampling team was unable to measure the free and total residual chlorine in a reasonable field test aliquot was collected; therefore, EPA did not test/record the free and total residual chlorine from the sampling points. c – Based on the Cardinal’s water balance flow diagram, minus the Unit 2 flow rates because Unit 2 was not operational during the samthe flow rate for the bottom ash recirculation pond was estimated for the actual sampling period. d – Based on three measurements recorded from the still well during the sampling period. NA – Not analyzed. 
3-13

Table 3-4. Analytical Methods and Procedures for Samples Collected at Cardinal 

Method Number Parameter Method Type 

Classicals 

SM 5210 B Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) Probe 

SM 2540 D Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Gravimetric 

SM 2540 C Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Gravimetric 

ASTM D516-90 Sulfate Turbidimetric 

SM 4500–Cl–C Chloride Titrimetric, mercuric 

nitrate 

SM 4500—NH3 F 

(18th ed.) 

Ammonia as Nitrogen Distillation, 

potentiometric 

SM 4500—NO3 -H Nitrate/Nitrate as Nitrogen Autoanalyzer 

SM 4500—N,C (18th 

ed.) 

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) Digestion, distillation, 

potentiometric 

EPA 365.3 (Rev 1978) Total Phosphorus Digestion, 

spectrophotometric 

EPA 1664A Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) Gravimetric 

EPA 1664A Silica Gel Treated Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM) Gravimetric 

Metals 

EPA 1631 Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor 

Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 

Oxidation, Purge and 

Trap, and CVAFS 

EPA 1636 Determination of Hexavalent Chromium by Ion Chromatography Ion Chromatography 

EPA 1638 Determination of Trace Elements in Ambient Waters by 

Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (includes 

antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, 

selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc) 

ICP/MS 

EPA 200.7, 245.1 Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission 

Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 

ICP and CVAA 

ASTM D1687-92 Hexavalent Chromium Colorimetric 

CVAFS – Cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. 

ICP/MS – Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry. 

ICP – Inductively coupled plasma. 

CVAA – Cold vapor atomic adsorption. 
3-14

Table 3-5. Summary of Sample Container and Planned Preservation 

Parameter Sample Container and Volume On-Site Preservation 

Classicals 

BOD5 One 1-L plastic bottle ≤6oC 

Group I a Two 1-L plastic bottles ≤6EC 

Group II b Two 1-L plastic bottles H2SO4 to pH <2, ≤6EC 

HEM/SGT-HEM Two 1-L wide mouth glass jars H2SO4 to pH <2, ≤6oC 

Metals 

Routine total metals, 27 element 

quantitation (Method 200.7, 200.8, 

200.9, 245.2) 

One 500-mL plastic bottle None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Routine dissolved metals, 27 element 

quantitation (Method 200.7, 200.8, 

200.9, 245.2) 

One 500-mL plastic bottle 0.45 μm filter (performed in field)

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Low-level total mercury (Method 1631) One 250-mL glass (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined cap 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Routine hexavalent chromium One 250-mL plastic bottle 0.45 μm filter (performed in field)

Ammonium sulfate buffer to pH 

9.3 – 9.7, ≤6EC 

Low-level dissolved mercury (Method 

1631) 

Two 250-mL glasses (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

None 

(acid preserve and filter at 

laboratory) 

Low-level total elements by ICP/MS (11 

elements, Method 1638) 

One 250-mL LDPE (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined cap 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Low-level dissolved elements by 

ICP/MS (11 elements, Method 1638) 

Two 250-mL LDPE (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

0.45 μm filter (performed in field)

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Low-level hexavalent chromium 

(Method 1636) 

One 250-mL LDPE (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined cap 

0.45 μm filter (performed in field)

2 mL 50% NaOH per 250 mL 

sample (performed in field) c 

Selenium/arsenic speciation Two 125-mL amber glasses 

(ultraclean) 

None for original sample, ≤6EC 

Duplicate: HCl to pH <2, ≤6EC 

a – Group I includes TSS, TDS, sulfate, and chloride. 

b – Group II includes ammonia as nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, TKN, and total phosphorus. 

c – Method 1636 has a preservation requirement that the low-level hexavalent chromium sample be cooled to ≤6EC; 

however, EPA did not cool the low-level hexavalent chromium samples due to contamination concerns. 
3-15

Table 3-6. Sample Preservation Summary, Cardinal 

Sampling 

Point 

Number Analysis Date Chemical 

Initial 

pH 

Final 

pH Amount Added

71120 Group II V1 10/16/07 H2SO4 8 2 30 drops 

71120 Group II V2 10/16/07 H2SO4 8 2 30 drops 

71120 HEM/SGT-HEM G1 V1 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71120 HEM/SGT-HEM G1 V2 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71120 HEM/SGT-HEM G2 V1 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71120 HEM/SGT-HEM G2 V2 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71120 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/16/07 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

6.5 9 250 drops a

71120 Arsenic/Selenium 

Speciation (Duplicate) 

10/16/07 HCl 8 2 15 drops 

71121 Group II V1 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71121 Group II V2 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71121 Group II MS/MSD V1 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71121 Group II MS/MSD V2 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71121 HEM/SGT-HEM V1 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 40 drops 

71121 HEM/SGT-HEM V2 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 40 drops 

71121 HEM/SGT-HEM MS/MSD 

V1 

10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 40 drops 

71121 HEM/SGT-HEM MS/MSD 

V2 

10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 40 drops 

71121 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/16/07 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

6.5 9 250 drops a

71121 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium MS/MSD 

10/16/07 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

6.5 9 250 drops a 

71122 Group II V1 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71122 Group II V2 10/16/07 H2SO4 7 2 30 drops 

71122 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/16/07 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

6.5 9 250 drops a

71123 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/16/07 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

7 9.5 250 drops 

71124 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/16/07 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

7 9.5 250 drops 

a – Preservation of this sample was stopped due to excessive buffering of the sample. The pH of the sample was not 

changing with the addition of the ammonium sulfate buffer solution; therefore, the preservation was stopped to 

prevent the sample from being diluted by the preservative. 
3-16 

Table 3-7. Generating Unit Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Cardin

Unit 

ID Boiler Type Coal type 

Amount of 

Coal Used 

(tpd) 

Source of 

Coal (coal 

region and/or 

state) 

Sulfur 

Content of 

the Coal a 

(lbs SO2/ 

MBTU)

Capacity a

(MW) 

Electricity 

Production 

(or percent 

capacity) 

SCR 

(No, On, 

Off) 

P

(H

1 Babcock & 

Wilcox supercritical wall fired dry bottom 

Eastern subbituminous: high sulfur 

4,780 West VirginiaSome Ohio 3.98 600 581 (97 %) Off 

2 b Babcock & 

Wilcox supercritical wall fired dry bottom 

Eastern subbituminous: mid sulfur 

NA West VirginiaSome Ohio NA 600 0 (0 %) Off 

3 Babcock & 

Wilcox supercritical wall fired dry bottom 

Eastern subbituminous: low sulfur 

4,342 West VirginiaSome Ohio 1.19 630 630 (100 %) On 

a – Values reported as averages based on readings from 12 AM 10/15/07 to 12 PM 10/16/07. 

b – Unit 2 was not operating during sampling. 

HS ESP – Hot-side electrostatic precipitator. CS ESP – Cold-side electrostatic precipitator. BH – Baghouse. NA – Not applicable. 
3-17 

Table 3-8. Ash System Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Cardinal 

Fly Ash System Bottom Ash System 

Unit 

ID 

Fly Ash 

Generation 

(tph) a 

Fly Ash Sluice 

Water Flow 

Rate (gph)

Source of Fly 

Ash Sluice 

Water 

Sluice Cycle 

Duration and 

Frequency 

Continuous 

Sluicing 

(Yes/No) 

Bottom Ash 

Generation 

(tph) a 

Bottom Ash 

Sluice Water 

Flow Rate 

(gph)

Source of 

Bottom Ash 

Sluice Water 

S

D

F

1 14.7 120,000 b Recycled 

Bottom Ash 

sluice 

Continuous Yes 3.7 96,000 b Recirculated 

Intake & 

cooling water 

blowdown 

2 c NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 

3 18.9 132,000 Recycled 

Bottom Ash 

sluice 

Continuous Yes 4.7 77,000 Recirculated 

Intake & 

cooling water 

blowdown 

a – Ash generation was estimated based on the assumption that ash is 12% of the mass of the total coal burned per unit. Fly ash is assumed to be 80% 

ash is assumed to be 20%. b – Flows for Unit 1 are based on Water Balance Diagram assuming 50% flow of the combined flow from Units 1 & 2. 

c – Unit 2 was not operating during sampling. 

NA – Not applicable. 
3-18 

Table 3-9. Fly Ash Pond Operating Characteristics, Cardinal 

Ash Sluice Information

Total influent flow rate 9.12 MGD a 

Unit 1 fly ash sluice 2.88 MGD 

Unit 2 fly ash sluice 0.0 MGD b

Unit 3 fly ash sluice 3.17 MGD 

Ash water recycle pond (Units 1&2) 0.0 MGD c

Ash water recycle pond (Unit 3) 3.0 MGD d 

Stormwater 0.87 MGD 

Influent duration Continuous 

Influent percent solid 10–15% (average) 

Fly Ash Pond Information 

pH control system Sodium hydroxide at effluent 

Chemicals added to pond system Sodium hydroxide 

Drainage area routed to pond system 4,400 acres 

Pond size 27.7 acres 

Pond size 126,000,000 gallons 

Pond retention time 10 days 

Frequency of pond dredging NA 

Sections of pond NA 

Final discharge structure type Parshall flume 

Effluent flow rate 7.8 MGD 

Frequency of effluent discharge Continuous 

a – Calculated assuming the flow is the sum of all average flows associated with Units 1 & 3, excluding 

contributions associated with Unit 2. 

b – Unit 2 was not operating during sampling; therefore, there was no fly ash sluice water from Unit 2. 

c – There were no wastewater transfers from the pond containing ash water recycle from Units 1 & 2 to the fly ash 

pond during the sampling episode. 

d – Estimated value to represent transfers during sampling episode. Cardinal personnel estimate that the average 

flow over the year (assuming continuous discharge) is 1.06 MGD. 

NA – Not applicable. 
4-1

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 This section summarizes and discusses the analytical data collected during this sampling 

episode. Section 4.1 discusses the methods used by the laboratories for the biphasic analysis of 

SP-1 and presents the results of the analyses. Section 4.2 presents the laboratory analytical data 

for the influent to and effluent from the fly ash pond. 

 Appendix A provides all analytical results for all samples collected at Cardinal, including 

all qualified results and all results that were measured above the method detection limit, but 

below the reporting limit (i.e., J-values). Appendix B presents the analytical results in a format 

similar to that used for Section 4.2, but with the J-values shown (J-values are not included in the 

tables presented in Section 4.2). 

4.1 Measured and Calculated Results for Fly Ash Pond Influent Samples

 The samples of the influent to the fly ash pond (SP-1) were expected to contain 

significant amounts of readily settleable solids, mainly fly ash. Because of this, EPA was 

concerned that there could be analytical interferences for the metals analyses, since the acid 

digestion procedures used may not be sufficiently rigorous for samples with high solids loads. 

Therefore, EPA directed its contract laboratories to separate the aqueous and solid phases of the 

sample prior to conducting certain analyses, where allowed by the analytical method and if 

necessary to obtain acceptable analytical results. This biphasic approach provides EPA with both 

measured and calculated pollutant concentrations for the following phases of the sample: 

• Aqueous phase; 

• Solid phase; and 

• Total sample. 

The routine metals laboratory, ProChem Analytical (ProChem), and the low-level laboratory, 

Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory (Battelle), used two different approaches for the biphasic 

analysis because of the different methods used for routine versus low-level metals analyses. This 

section describes the approaches used by each laboratory and presents the results of the analyses. 

Routine Metals and Selected Classicals Analyses 

 ProChem used EPA Method 200.7 to analyze the wastewater samples for routine metals, 

and EPA Method 245.1 to analyze for routine mercury. EPA Method 200.7 states, “Aqueous 

samples containing total suspended solids ≥1% (w/v) should be extracted as a solid type 

sample.” [3] Because EPA expected the solids content to be greater than one percent, ProChem 

developed an approach for the analysis of the fly ash pond influent samples that consisted of 

filtering the solids from the sample and analyzing the solid and aqueous phases separately. To 

calculate the total sample concentration from the solid and aqueous phase results, the laboratory 

also needed to measure the original sample volume, solid phase weight, and filtrate volume. EPA 

developed the following equation to calculate the individual metal total concentrations for the 

sample. 

Sample

Filtrate Filtrate Solid Solid

V

(C V ) (C Wt ) Total SampleConcentration × + × = (4-1) 
4-2

where: 

CFiltrate = concentration of the analyte in the aqueous phase of the sample; 

VFiltrate = volume of the filtrate; 

CSolid = concentration of the analyte in the solid phase of the sample; 

WtSolid = weight of the solids in the sample; and 

VSample = volume of the original sample. 

ProChem used the same approach for the six classical pollutants that were analyzed as biphasic 

samples: ammonia as nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite, chloride, sulfate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), 

and total phosphorus. 

 Table 4-1 presents the results of the biphasic analysis for the ammonia as nitrogen, 

nitrate/nitrite, chloride, sulfate, TKN, total phosphorus, and routine total metals. Only those 

analytes that were detected at the influent to the fly ash pond (at levels above the report limit) are 

included in the table. Results are rounded to three significant figures. Appendix Table A-1 

presents all the analytical results from the influent to the fly ash pond (SP-1) sample analysis, 

including J-values. 

 ProChem performed a filtration blank associated with the biphasic sample separation 

process for the fly ash pond influent (SP-1) sample analysis. For the blank, ProChem poured 

blank water through the filter used for the separation and analyzed the filtered blank water for the 

routine metal analytes. No metals were measured in the filtration blank sample above the report 

limit, indicating that there was no contamination from the filtration process. Appendix Table A-2 

presents all the analytical results from the filtration blank, including J-values. 

Low-Level Metals Analyses 

 Battelle used EPA Method 1638 to analyze the wastewater samples for low-level metals, 

and EPA Method 1631E to analyze for low-level mercury. EPA Method 1638 does not contain 

any language stating how wastewater samples with high solid concentrations should be analyzed; 

therefore, Battelle developed an approach for the analysis of the fly ash pond influent samples 

that minimized potential contamination to the samples. Battelle’s approach consisted of 

analyzing the total metals concentration and dissolved metals concentration for each analyte 

directly from the sample bottles. By using this approach, the laboratory did not have to perform 

an extra filtration step to determine the individual metals concentrations for the various phases in 

the sample. Battelle did not have any problems with the digestion of the solids during the total 

sample analyses for the Cardinal fly ash pond influent samples. 

 EPA decided that solid phase results for the fly ash pond influent samples were not 

necessary for the sampling program; therefore, the laboratory did not calculate the solids phase 

concentrations for each of the metals. However, if EPA later decides to calculate the solid phase 

concentrations, EPA can use the following equation to calculate the individual metal solid phase 

concentrations for the sample: 

TSS

Total Diss

Solid C

C - C C = (4-2) 

where: 

CSolid = concentration of the metal in the solid phase of the sample; 
4-3

CTotal = total concentration of the metal in the sample; 

CDiss = concentration of the metal in the dissolved phase of the sample; and 

CTSS = TSS concentration of the sample. 

4.2 Fly Ash Pond

 Table 4-2 presents the analytical results of the classical pollutants at the influent to the fly 

ash pond (SP-1) and effluent from the fly ash pond (average of SP-2 and SP-3 results). Table 4-3 

presents the analytical results of the routine and low-level metals for these same sampling points. 

Only those analytes that were detected in one or more samples (at levels above the reporting 

limit) for the sampling episode are included in the table. Results are rounded to three significant 

digits. If an analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit, 

“NQ” is reported followed by the sample-specific report limit in parentheses. If an analyte was 

not detected in a sample above the method detection limit, “ND” is reported followed by the 

sample-specific report limit in parentheses. Note that the results presented in Tables 4-2 and 4-3 

are not paired results, meaning that sample collection across the treatment system was not timed 

to reflect the amount of time it takes the wastewater to pass through the ash pond (approximately 

10 days). 

 Appendix Tables A-1, A-3, and A-4 present all the analytical results from the influent to 

the fly ash pond (SP-1), effluent from the fly ash pond (SP-2), and duplicate of the effluent from 

the fly ash pond (SP-3) sample analyses, including J-values. Appendix Table B-1 presents the 

analytical results for the metal analytes in a format similar to Table 4-3; however, Table B-1 also 

includes results where analytes were measured above the detection level, but below the reporting 

limit (i.e., J-values). 
E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. 

O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

NJ – The analyte concentration was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, 

including J-values, if applicable, and was determined to be less than the calculated sample-specific report limit 

(number in parenthesis is the report limit). The calculated result is presented in Appendix A with a CJ flag 

designation. 

NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is 

the report limit). The analytical result is presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

4-4 

Table 4-1. Biphasic Sample Results for Classicals and Routine Total Metals Measured 

Above the Report Limit, Fly Ash Pond Influent, Cardinal 

Analyte

Aqueous Phase Result 

(mg/L)

Solid Phase Result 

(mg/kg)

Calculated Total 

Sample Result (mg/L) 

Classical Pollutants 

Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 0.170 ND (10.0) 0.170 

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 2.61 E 2.4 E 2.65 

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) ND (0.100) 25.7 1.01 

Chloride 60.0 100 56.8 

Sulfate 4.52 31,100 1,110 

Total Phosphorus 4.05 1.65 4.03 

Analyte 

Aqueous Phase Result 

(ug/L) 

Solid Phase Result 

(mg/kg) 

Calculated Total 

Sample Result (ug/L) 

Routine Total Metals 

Aluminum 65,000 6,350 O 320,000 

Antimony NQ (20.0) NQ (2.00) NJ (81.2) 

Arsenic 314 30.0 1,520 

Barium 371 116 5,060 

Beryllium 26.1 1.15 71.5 

Boron 2,280 15.3 2,790 

Cadmium 7.45 0.800 39.6 

Calcium 164,000 1,180 204,000 

Chromium 312 24.6 1,300 

Cobalt 53.5 8.13 381 

Copper 480 12.5 964 

Iron 9,040 7,120 298,000 

Lead 62.7 17.9 786 

Magnesium 21,000 372 O 35,100 

Manganese 425 17.7 1,120 

Mercury ND (0.200) 0.0570 2.31 

Molybdenum 203 3.44 333 

Nickel 124 15.3 739 

Selenium 17.5 ND (0.500) NJ (20.3) 

Sodium 61,000 294 69,900 

Thallium 33.2 ND (1.00) NJ (40.6) 
E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. 

O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

NJ – The analyte concentration was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, 

including J-values, if applicable, and was determined to be less than the calculated sample-specific report limit 

(number in parenthesis is the report limit). The calculated result is presented in Appendix A with a CJ flag 

designation. 

NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is 

the report limit). The analytical result is presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

4-5 

Table 4-1. Biphasic Sample Results for Classicals and Routine Total Metals Measured 

Above the Report Limit, Fly Ash Pond Influent, Cardinal 

Analyte 

Aqueous Phase Result 

(ug/L) 

Solid Phase Result 

(mg/kg) 

Calculated Total 

Sample Result (ug/L) 

Titanium 585 599 24,900 

Vanadium 943 35.5 2,340 

Yttrium 190 8.39 521 

Zinc 343 22.1 1,220 
4-6

Table 4-2. Classical Pollutants Measured Above the Report Limit for the Fly Ash Pond, 

Cardinal

Analyte Method Unit

Fly Ash Pond 

Influent (SP-1) 

Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent (SP-2/SP-3) a

Classical Pollutants 

Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 4500-NH3F MG/L 0.170 0.205 

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 4500NO3H MG/L 2.65 4.73 E 

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 4500-N,C MG/L 1.01 <0.785 L 

Chloride 4500-CL-C MG/L 56.8 60.0 

Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) 1664A MG/L 7.00 10.0 

Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) 1664A MG/L 6.00 ND (4.00) 

Sulfate D516-90 MG/L 1,110 494 

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C MG/L 662 673 

Total Phosphorus 365.3 MG/L 4.03 0.0870 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D MG/L 23,400 6.00 

a – The fly ash pond effluent results represent the average of the fly ash pond effluent and the duplicate of the fly 

ash pond effluent analytical measurements. 

< – Average result includes at least one non-detect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for non-detected results). 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. 

L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Note: Results shown are not paired samples. See Section 4.2. 
a – The fly ash pond effluent results represent the average of the fly ash pond effluent and the duplicate of the fly 

ash pond effluent analytical measurements. 

< – Average result includes at least one non-detect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for non-detected results). 

L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. 

NA – Not Analyzed. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

NJ – The analyte concentration was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, 

including J-values, if applicable, and was determined to be less than the calculated sample-specific report limit 

(number in parenthesis is the report limit). The calculated result is presented in Appendix A with a CJ flag 

designation. 

NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is 

the report limit). The analytical result is presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average 

fly ash pond effluent indicates that the original fly ash pond effluent and/or the duplicate of the fly ash pond effluent 

is a J-value. The analytical result for the original fly ash pond effluent and/or the duplicate of the fly ash pond 

effluent is presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

Note: Results shown are not paired samples. See Section 4.2. 

4-7 

Table 4-3. Metals Measured Above the Report Limit for the Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal

Fly Ash Pond Influent 

(SP-1) 

Fly Ash Pond Effluent 

(SP-2/SP-3) a 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved 

Routine Metals 

Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 320,000 283 344 130 L 

Antimony 200.7 UG/L NJ (81.2) NQ (20.0) 21.2 20.9 

Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1,520 86.8 77.6 74.6 

Barium 200.7 UG/L 5,060 164 165 157 

Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 71.5 ND (5.00) ND (5.00) ND (5.00) 

Boron 200.7 UG/L 2,790 1,380 1,100 1,090 

Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 39.6 NQ (5.00) NQ (5.00) NQ (5.00) 

Calcium 200.7 UG/L 204,000 94,800 88,400 87,200 

Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1,300 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) 

Hexavalent Chromium D1687-92 UG/L NA 5.00 NA <3.50 

Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 381 NQ (50.0) NQ (50.0) NQ (50.0) 

Copper 200.7 UG/L 964 NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) 

Iron 200.7 UG/L 298,000 ND (100) NQ (100) ND (100) 

Lead 200.7 UG/L 786 ND (50.0) ND (50.0) ND (50.0) 

Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 35,100 15,200 17,900 17,700 

Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1,120 40.3 64.7 42.9 

Mercury 245.1 UG/L 2.31 ND (0.200) ND (0.200) ND (0.200) 

Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 333 243 361 352 

Nickel 200.7 UG/L 739 NQ (50.0) NQ (50.0) NQ (50.0) 

Selenium 200.7 UG/L NJ (20.3) 16.6 44.5 43.8 

Sodium 200.7 UG/L 69,900 64,400 70,800 70,300 

Thallium 200.7 UG/L NJ (40.6) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) 

Titanium 200.7 UG/L 24,900 ND (10.0) 12.6 ND (10.0) 

Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 2,340 70.7 104 99.9 

Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 521 ND (5.00) NQ (5.00) ND (5.00) 

Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1,220 ND (10.0) NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) 
a – The fly ash pond effluent results represent the average of the fly ash pond effluent and the duplicate of the fly 

ash pond effluent analytical measurements. 

< – Average result includes at least one non-detect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for non-detected results). 

L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. 

NA – Not Analyzed. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

NJ – The analyte concentration was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, 

including J-values, if applicable, and was determined to be less than the calculated sample-specific report limit 

(number in parenthesis is the report limit). The calculated result is presented in Appendix A with a CJ flag 

designation. 

NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is 

the report limit). The analytical result is presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. A “NQ” for the average 

fly ash pond effluent indicates that the original fly ash pond effluent and/or the duplicate of the fly ash pond effluent 

is a J-value. The analytical result for the original fly ash pond effluent and/or the duplicate of the fly ash pond 

effluent is presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

Note: Results shown are not paired samples. See Section 4.2. 

4-8 

Table 4-3. Metals Measured Above the Report Limit for the Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal

Fly Ash Pond Influent 

(SP-1) 

Fly Ash Pond Effluent 

(SP-2/SP-3) a 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved 

Low-Level Metals 

Antimony 1638 UG/L 33.1 17.4 21.9 22.4 

Arsenic 1638 UG/L 519 80.7 69.8 68.9 

Cadmium 1638 UG/L 9.51 NQ (1.00) 1.14 1.11 

Chromium 1638 UG/L 569 NQ (80.0) 4.64 L 4.49 L 

Hexavalent Chromium 1636 UG/L NA NA NA 3.96 

Copper 1638 UG/L 719 NQ (20.0) 2.98 2.27 

Lead 1638 UG/L 260 NQ (0.500) 0.420 NQ (0.250) 

Mercury 1631E UG/L 1.16 0.000550 0.00125 NQ (0.000500) 

Nickel 1638 UG/L 291 NQ (100) 10.7 10.6 

Selenium 1638 UG/L NQ (200) 21.2 45.8 45.0 

Thallium 1638 UG/L 43.6 3.10 2.84 2.87 

Zinc 1638 UG/L 720 NQ (50.0) 5.98 4.15 
5-1

5. DATA QUALITY

 QA/QC procedures applicable to the Cardinal sampling episode are outlined in the 

Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Steam Electric Detailed Study (QAPP) [2]. This section 

describes the QC procedures used to assess the precision and accuracy of the analytical data 

presented in Section 4 and Appendices A and B. QC practices used for this sampling episode 

include the analysis of matrix spikes, blanks, duplicate samples, and QC standard checks. 

5.1 Analytical Quality Control

 EPA contracted directly with analytical laboratories for the analysis of samples collected 

during this episode. EPA’s Sample Control Center (SCC) verified that the performance of the 

laboratories selected by EPA was acceptable by conducting QC checks of the analytical data as 

specified by the SCC’s Quality Assurance Project Plan dated 15 February 2008. SCC data 

review chemists prepared written data review narratives describing any qualifications of the 

analytical data from this episode. The data review narratives are included in Appendix C. 

5.2 Field Quality Control

 This section discusses the bottle blanks, equipment blanks, field blanks, and field 

duplicate sample results. Section 3.8 of the Sampling Plan discusses field QC specifications. 

Tables presented in this section include results for only certain analytes (e.g., only those detected 

in the respective field QC sample or those detected during the sampling episode). Appendix A 

contains the results for all analytes, both detected and nondetected. 

5.2.1 Bottle Blanks 

 EPA collects bottle blanks to evaluate possible contamination from the sample collection 

bottles. Bottle blanks were collected and analyzed for low-level metals by the supplier of the precleaned bottles, Albion Environmental. 

 Albion Environmental collected the bottle blanks for the low-level metals and low-level 

hexavalent chromium samples bottles (250 mL LDPE), the speciation sample bottles (125 mL 

amber glass bottles), and the 2-L blank water bottles by filling the pre-cleaned bottle to the neck 

with ASTM Type 1 water, preserving the sample with nitric acid to a pH <2, and allowing the 

sample to sit for at least 24 hours. Albion Environmental then analyzed the samples using EPA 

Method 1638. 

 Albion Environmental collected the bottle blanks for the 4-liter blank water bottles by 

filling the pre-cleaned bottle with ASTM Type 1 water and allowing it to soak for approximately 

24 hours. Albion Environmental then poured a representative aliquot into a pre-cleaned LDPE 

sample bottle, preserved the sample with nitric acid to a pH <2, and allowed the sample to sit for 

at least 24 hours. Albion Environmental then analyzed the samples using EPA Method 1638. 

 Albion Environmental collected the bottle blanks for the low-level mercury sample 

bottles (250 flint glass bottles and 1-L borosilicate glass bottles) by filling the pre-cleaned bottle 

to the neck with ASTM Type 1 water, preserving the sample with bromine monochloride, and 
5-2

allowing the sample to sit for at least 24 hours. Albion Environmental then analyzed the samples 

using EPA Method 1631E. 

 Albion Environmental collected the bottle blank for the 20-liter composite containers by 

filling the container with approximately two liters of ASTM Type 1 water and allowing it to soak 

for approximately 24 hours. During this period, Albion Environmental shook the container 

periodically and changed its orientation to expose all surfaces of the container to the ASTM 

Type 1 water. Albion Environmental then shook the 20-liter container and poured a 

representative sample into a pre-cleaned sample bottle (a LDPE bottle for low-level metals and a 

glass bottle for low-level mercury). The blank samples were then preserved and analyzed 

according to the analytical methods (i.e., EPA Method 1638 or 1631E), as described above for 

the other bottle blank samples. 

 No metals were detected in the bottle blank, indicating that there was no contamination 

from the sample containers. Appendix Table A-5 presents all of the analytical results from the 

bottle blank and equipment blank analyses for all of the equipment used for the collection of 

low-level samples. 

5.2.2 Equipment Blanks 

 EPA collects equipment blanks to evaluate possible contamination from the equipment 

used for sample collection. EPA did not collect specific equipment blanks for this sampling 

program; however, the field blanks as collected (as described in Section 5.2.3) include the 

sampling equipment. In addition, Albion Environmental collected and analyzed equipment 

blanks for low-level metals for each type of pre-cleaned equipment supplied for the episode. 

 Albion Environmental collected the equipment blanks for the capsule filters and 

fabricated tubing sets by pumping approximately 500 mL of ASTM Type 1 water through the 

pre-cleaned filter or tubing set and discarding the water. Albion Environmental then pumped 

additional water through the pre-cleaned filter or tubing set into a pre-cleaned bottle (a LDPE 

bottle for low-level metals and a glass bottle for low-level mercury). The blank samples were 

then preserved and analyzed according to the analytical methods (EPA Method 1638 or 1631E), 

as described in Section 5.2.1 for the bottle blank samples. For the fabricated tubing sets, Albion 

Environmental collected and analyzed equipment blanks for the individual components of the 

tubing sets, the assembled tubing sets, or both. 

 During the analysis of the equipment blanks, Albion Environmental detected barium at 

0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L in 2 of the 14 pieces of #73 silicone tubing that were analyzed from 

the various cleaning batches used to assemble the tubing sets. Barium was not detected above the 

report limit in the equipment blanks for the other 12 analyses. In addition, barium was not 

detected in any of the field blank samples (above the report limit), as described in Section 5.2.3. 

Finally, barium was measured at a concentration greater than 300 times the equipment blank 

result at all of the sampling points for both the total and dissolved phases. Therefore, the 

potential contamination from the sampling equipment did not significantly affect the sampling 

results. 

 No other metals were detected in the equipment blanks, indicating that there was no 

contamination from the sampling equipment. Appendix Table A-5 presents all of the analytical 
5-3

results from the bottle blank and equipment blank analyses for all of the equipment used for the 

collection of low-level samples. EPA assumed the barium equipment blank concentration to be 

0.490 ug/L for all tubing sets containing #73 silicone tubing because the tubing set may have 

been fabricated using #73 silicone from the cleaning batch that had a detection for barium at that 

concentration. 

5.2.3 Field Blanks 

 The sampling team collected field blanks (SP-4 and SP-5) to evaluate possible 

contamination caused by sampling equipment, sampling equipment decontamination procedures, 

sample collection procedures, or atmospheric contamination. EPA analyzed the field blank 

samples for the low-level and routine metals analyses, including both total and dissolved metals1

. 

 The low-level and routine total metals field blank samples for the influent to the fly ash 

pond (SP-4) were collected by pumping ASTM Type 1 water through the composite tubing 

consisting of 25 feet of Teflon® tubing attached to a length of silicone tubing. The container 

holding the ASTM Type 1 water was placed in a large plastic bag and the end of the Teflon® 

tubing was placed directly into the container. The large plastic bag was closed off as quickly as 

possible to minimize potential atmospheric deposition. The sample bottles were placed in a 

“cleanbox” and the ASTM Type 1 water was pumped through the tubing and poured into the 

sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples as “multipour” split samples with 

Cardinal’s representative, using the same procedure discussed in the sample collection 

description (Section 3.1). The low-level and routine total metals field blank samples for the 

influent to the fly ash pond (SP-4) were collected at a different point from where the actual 

composite samples were collected because there was not enough space on the edge of the ash 

sluice channel to safely collect the field blanks. Therefore, the samplers collected the field blanks 

at the top of the hill above where the influent ash sluice streams enter the pond and then the 

sampling equipment was moved down to the channel to set up the composite sample collection. 

 The low-level and routine dissolved metals field blank samples for the influent to the fly 

ash pond (SP-4) were collected by pumping ASTM Type 1 water through the pump-off tubing 

used for the dissolved metals sample collection and a capsule filter. The container holding the 

ASTM Type 1 water was placed in a large plastic bag and the tubing was placed directly into the 

container. The large plastic bag was closed off as quickly as possible to minimize potential 

atmospheric deposition. The sample bottles were placed in a “cleanbox” and the ASTM Type 1 

water was pumped through the tubing, capsule filter, “Y” splitter, and poured into the sample 

bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples as “true” split samples with Cardinal’s 

representative, using the same procedure discussed in the sample collection description 

(Section 3.1). 

 The low-level and routine total metals field blank samples for the effluent from the fly 

ash pond (SP-5) were collected by pumping ASTM Type 1 water through the tubing used for the 

sample collection. The container holding the ASTM Type 1 water was placed in a large plastic 

bag and the tubing was placed directly into the container. The large plastic bag was closed off as 

 

1 EPA did not collect a low-level dissolved mercury field blank sample in the field because the sample filtration was 

performed at the laboratory to minimize potential mercury contamination. The laboratory performed a filtration 

blank prior to filtering the sample, which is assessed as the field blank for the low-level dissolved mercury sample. 

Mercury was not detected above the method detection limit (0.000188 ug/L) in the filtration blank. 
5-4

quickly as possible to minimize potential atmospheric deposition. The sample bottles were 

placed in a “cleanbox” and the ASTM Type 1 water was pumped through the tubing and “Y” 

splitter, and poured into the sample bottles. The low-level and routine dissolved metals field 

blank samples for the effluent from the fly ash pond (SP-5) were collected by attaching a capsule 

filter inline with the sample tubing configuration and pumping ASTM Type 1 water through the 

tubing, “Y” splitter, and capsule filter, and into the sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank 

samples as “true” split samples with Cardinal’s representative, using the same procedure 

discussed in the sample collection description (Section 3.1). 

 No metals were detected in the field blank samples above the reporting limit, indicating 

that there was no contamination from the sample collection procedures. Appendix Tables A-6 

and A-7 present all the analytical results for the field blanks from the influent to the fly ash pond 

(SP-4) and effluent from the fly ash pond (SP-5) sample analyses, including all qualified results 

and all results that were measured above the method detection limit, but below the reporting limit 

(i.e., J-values). 

5.2.4 Field Duplicates 

 The sampling team collected field duplicate samples to assess the sampling measurement 

precision for the episode. Field duplicate samples are separate samples collected from the same 

location as the original sample. The duplicate is filled immediately after the original sample, and 

is stored and analyzed independently. The relative percent difference (RPD) between the two 

sample results is examined to determine the precision of the data. EPA used the following 

equation to calculate the RPD for the duplicate sample results. 

100

2

S D

S D

RPD (%) ×

⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ +

− = (5-1) 

where: 

S = Concentration of the analyte from original sample analysis; 

D = Concentration of the analyte from the duplicate sample analysis; and 

RPD = Relative percent difference between the original and duplicate sample 

result. 

 During this sampling episode, EPA collected a duplicate sample (SP-3) for all analytes 

(except HEM/SGT-HEM) from the effluent from the fly ash pond (SP-2). Table 5-1 presents 

analytical results and the RPD for SP-2 and SP-3 and includes analytical results for only those 

analytes that were detected in one or more samples for the sampling episode. Appendix Tables 

A-3 and A-4 present all the analytical results for the effluent from the fly ash pond (SP-2) and 

duplicate of the effluent from the fly ash pond (SP-3) sample analyses, including all qualified 

results and all results that were measured above the method detection limit, but below the 

reporting limit (i.e., J-values). 
5-5 

< – Average result includes at least one non-detect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for non-detected results). 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA – Not analyzed. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Th

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results, Cardinal 

Analyte

Original Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-2) 

Duplicate Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-3) Average Result

Relat

Diffe

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 0.220 0.190 0.205 Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 5.43 E 4.02 E 4.73 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 1.47 L ND (0.100) < 0.785 Chloride 50.0 70.0 60.0 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) 10.0 NA 10.0 Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) ND (4.00) NA ND (4.00) Sulfate 655 333 494 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 676 670 673 Total Phosphorus 0.0880 0.0860 0.0870 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 7.00 5.00 6.00 Routine Total Metals Aluminum 362 326 344 Antimony 21.5 20.8 21.2 Arsenic 78.1 77.1 77.6 Barium 166 163 165 Beryllium ND (5.00) ND (5.00) ND (5.00) Boron 1,110 1,080 1,100 Cadmium NQ (5.00) NQ (5.00) ND (5.00) Calcium 88,900 87,800 88,400 Chromium NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) Cobalt NQ (50.0) NQ (50.0) ND (50.0) 
5-6 

< – Average result includes at least one non-detect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for non-detected results). 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA – Not analyzed. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Th

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results, Cardinal 

Analyte

Original Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-2) 

Duplicate Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-3) Average Result

Relat

Diffe

Copper NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) Iron NQ (100) NQ (100) ND (100) Lead ND (50.0) ND (50.0) ND (50.0) Magnesium 18,100 17,700 17,900 Manganese 65.1 64.3 64.7 Mercury ND (0.200) ND (0.200) ND (0.200) Molybdenum 365 357 361 Nickel NQ (50.0) NQ (50.0) ND (50.0) Selenium 44.5 44.4 44.5 Sodium 71,000 70,500 70,800 Thallium NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) Titanium 13.8 11.4 12.6 Vanadium 105 103 104 Yttrium NQ (5.00) NQ (5.00) ND (5.00) Zinc NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) Routine Dissolved Metals Aluminum 132 L 128 L 130 Antimony 20.9 20.9 20.9 Arsenic 75.1 74.1 74.6 Barium 159 155 157 Beryllium ND (5.00) ND (5.00) ND (5.00) Boron 1,090 1,080 1,090 
5-7 

< – Average result includes at least one non-detect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for non-detected results). 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA – Not analyzed. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Th

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results, Cardinal 

Analyte

Original Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-2) 

Duplicate Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-3) Average Result

Relat

Diffe

Cadmium NQ (5.00) NQ (5.00) ND (5.00) Calcium 87,600 86,800 87,200 Chromium NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) Hexavalent Chromium 5.00 ND (2.00) < 3.50 Cobalt NQ (50.0) NQ (50.0) ND (50.0) Copper NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) Iron ND (100) ND (100) ND (100) Lead ND (50.0) ND (50.0) ND (50.0) Magnesium 17,700 17,700 17,700 Manganese 43.1 42.7 42.9 Mercury ND (0.200) ND (0.200) ND (0.200) Molybdenum 356 348 352 Nickel NQ (50.0) NQ (50.0) ND (50.0) Selenium 43.9 43.6 43.8 Sodium 70,600 69,900 70,300 Thallium NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) Titanium ND (10.0) ND (10.0) ND (10.0) Vanadium 100 99.8 99.9 Yttrium ND (5.00) ND (5.00) ND (5.00) Zinc NQ (10.0) NQ (10.0) ND (10.0) Low-Level Total Metals Antimony 21.7 22.1 21.9 
5-8 

< – Average result includes at least one non-detect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for non-detected results). 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA – Not analyzed. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Th

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results, Cardinal 

Analyte

Original Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-2) 

Duplicate Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-3) Average Result

Relat

Diffe

Arsenic 69.0 70.5 69.8 Cadmium 1.17 1.10 1.14 Chromium 4.88 L 4.40 L 4.64 Copper 2.84 3.12 2.98 Lead 0.400 0.440 0.420 Mercury 0.00125 0.00124 0.00125 Nickel 10.5 10.9 10.7 Selenium 45.6 45.9 45.8 Thallium 2.82 2.85 2.84 Zinc 5.64 6.32 5.98 Low-Level Dissolved Metals Antimony 22.5 22.3 22.4 Arsenic 69.6 68.2 68.9 Cadmium 1.11 1.11 1.11 Chromium 4.41 L 4.57 L 4.49 Hexavalent Chromium 3.81 4.10 3.96 Copper 2.29 2.25 2.27 Lead NQ (0.250) NQ (0.250) ND (0.250) Mercury NQ (0.000500) NQ (0.000500) ND (0.000500) Nickel 10.5 10.6 10.6 
5-9 

< – Average result includes at least one non-detect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for non-detected results). 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA – Not analyzed. NC – Not calculated. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Th

presented in Appendix A with a J flag designation. 

Table 5-1. Field Duplicate Results, Cardinal 

Analyte

Original Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-2) 

Duplicate Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Concentration (SP-3) Average Result

Relat

Diffe

Selenium 45.1 44.9 45.0 Thallium 2.89 2.85 2.87 Zinc 4.21 4.08 4.15 
6-1

6. REFERENCES

1. Eastern Research Group, Inc., 2007. Sampling Plan, Buckeye Power Company’s Cardinal 

Power Plant. October 9. DCN 05917A1. 

2. Eastern Research Group, Inc., 2007. Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Steam 

Electric Detailed Study. September 25. DCN 05079. EPA-HQ-OW-2006-0071-0724. 

3. U.S. EPA. 2001. Method 200.7: Trace Elements in Water, Solids, and Biosolids, by 

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Revision 5.0. EPA-821-R01-010. January. 
Appendix A 

ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
A-1 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Classical Pollutants – Total Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 4500-NH3F MG/L NA NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 4500NO3H MG/L NA NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 4500-N,C MG/L NA NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210B MG/L 1 NP NP Chloride 4500-CL-C MG/L NA NP NP Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) 1664A MG/L 1 NP NP Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) 1664A MG/L 1 NP NP Sulfate D516-90 MG/L NA NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C MG/L 1 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.3 MG/L NA NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D MG/L 1 NP NP Classical Pollutants – Solid (wet weight) Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 4500-NH3F MG/KG 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 4500NO3H MG/KG 1 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 4500-N,C MG/KG 1 NP NP Chloride 4500-CL-C MG/KG 1 NP NP Sulfate D516-90 MG/KG 10 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.3 MG/KG 1 NP NP 
A-2 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Classical Pollutants – Filtered Aqueous Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 4500-NH3F MG/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 4500NO3H MG/L 20 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 4500-N,C MG/L 1 NP NP Chloride 4500-CL-C MG/L 1 NP NP Sulfate D516-90 MG/L 1 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.3 MG/L 5 NP NP Routine Metals – Total Aluminum 200.7 UG/L NA NC 203 Antimony 200.7 UG/L NA NC 81.2 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L NA NC 40.6 Barium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 8.12 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 20.3 Boron 200.7 UG/L NA NC 406 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 20.3 Calcium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 500 Chromium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 40.6 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L NA NC 203 Copper 200.7 UG/L NA NC 40.6 
A-3 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Iron 200.7 UG/L NA NC 406 Lead 200.7 UG/L NA NC 203 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 812 Manganese 200.7 UG/L NA NC 60.9 Mercury 245.1 UG/L NA NC 1.01 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L NA NC 40.6 Nickel 200.7 UG/L NA NC 203 Selenium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 20.3 Silver 200.7 UG/L NA NC 81.2 Sodium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 2,030 Thallium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 40.6 Tin 200.7 UG/L NA NC 122 Titanium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 40.6 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 81.2 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L NA NC 20.3 Zinc 200.7 UG/L NA NC 40.6 Routine Metals – Dissolved Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 
A-4 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Hexavalent Chromium D1687-92 UG/L 1 1.00 2.00 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 
A-5 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Routine Metals – Filtered Aqueous Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 10 51.0 500 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 
A-6 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Routine Metals – Solid (wet weight) Aluminum 200.7 MG/KG 1 1.75 5.00 Antimony 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.110 2.00 
A-7 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Arsenic 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.110 1.00 Barium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0200 0.200 Beryllium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0100 0.500 Boron 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.200 10.0 Cadmium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0200 0.500 Calcium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.400 5.00 Chromium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0200 1.00 Cobalt 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.360 5.00 Copper 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0300 1.00 Iron 200.7 MG/KG 1 1.06 10.0 Lead 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.100 5.00 Magnesium 200.7 MG/KG 1 2.18 20.0 Manganese 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0200 1.50 Mercury 245.5 MG/KG 1 0.00600 0.0250 Molybdenum 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0600 1.00 Nickel 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0800 5.00 Selenium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.170 0.500 Silver 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.100 2.00 Sodium 200.7 MG/KG 1 6.23 50.0 
A-8 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Thallium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.110 1.00 Tin 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.100 3.00 Titanium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.120 1.00 Vanadium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0800 2.00 Yttrium 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.0300 0.500 Zinc 200.7 MG/KG 1 0.200 1.00 Low-Level Metals – Total Antimony 1638 UG/L 50 0.350 1.00 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 200 3.04 30.0 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 50 0.0500 5.00 Chromium 1638 UG/L 200 16.6 160 Copper 1638 UG/L 200 0.800 40.0 Lead 1638 UG/L 50 0.0500 2.50 Mercury 1631E UG/L 19 0.00357 0.00950 Nickel 1638 UG/L 200 2.60 200 Selenium 1638 UG/L 200 3.20 200 Silver 1638 UG/L 50 0.100 5.00 Thallium 1638 UG/L 200 0.0800 4.00 Zinc 1638 UG/L 200 41.8 100 
A-9 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. O – OPR %Recovery below contract-specified criteria. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not applicable. Calculated value. NC – A sample-specific MDL was not calculated for the analyte. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presentmetals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-1. Fly Ash Pond Influent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific 

Low-Level Metals - Dissolved Antimony 1638 UG/L 10 0.0700 0.200 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 100 1.52 15.0 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 10 0.0100 1.00 Chromium 1638 UG/L 100 8.30 80.0 Copper 1638 UG/L 100 0.400 20.0 Lead 1638 UG/L 10 0.0100 0.500 Mercury 1631E UG/L 1 0.000188 0.000500 Nickel 1638 UG/L 100 1.30 100 Selenium 1638 UG/L 10 0.160 10.0 Silver 1638 UG/L 10 0.0200 1.00 Thallium 1638 UG/L 10 0.00400 0.200 Zinc 1638 UG/L 100 20.9 50.0 
A-10 

Table A-2. ProChem Biphasic Filtration Blank Analytical Results, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit 

Dilution 

Factor 

SampleSpecific MDL Sample-Specific 

RL Concentration 

Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 ND (50.0) U 

Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 ND (20.0) U 

Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 ND (10.0) U 

Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 ND (2.00) U 

Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 ND (5.00) U 

Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 ND (100) U 

Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 ND (5.00) U 

Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 ND (50.0) U 

Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 0.200 J 

Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 ND (50.0) U 

Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 ND (10.0) U 

Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 ND (100) U 

Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 ND (50.0) U 

Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 ND (200) U 

Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 ND (15.0) U 

Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 ND (0.200) U 

Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 ND (10.0) U 

Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 ND (50.0) U 

Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 ND (5.00) U 

Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 ND (20.0) U 

Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 ND (500) U 

Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 ND (10.0) U 

Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 ND (30.0) U 

Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 ND (10.0) U 

Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 ND (20.0) U 

Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 ND (5.00) U 

Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 0.400 J 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit).

U – Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. 
A-11 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-3. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Specifi

RL 

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 4500-NH3F MG/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 4500NO3H MG/L 20 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 4500-N,C MG/L 1 NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210B MG/L 1 NP NP Chloride 4500-CL-C MG/L 1 NP NP Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) 1664A MG/L 1 NP NP Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) 1664A MG/L 1 NP NP Sulfate D516-90 MG/L 50 NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C MG/L 1 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.3 MG/L 1 NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D MG/L 1 NP NP Routine Metals – Total Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 
A-12 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-3. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Specifi

RL 

Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Routine Metals – Dissolved Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 
A-13 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-3. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Specifi

RL 

Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Hexavalent Chromium D1687-92 UG/L 1 1.00 2.00 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 
A-14 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-3. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Specifi

RL 

Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Low-Level Metals – Total Antimony 1638 UG/L 5 0.0350 0.100 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 5 0.0760 0.750 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 5 0.00500 0.500 Chromium 1638 UG/L 5 0.415 4.00 Copper 1638 UG/L 5 0.0200 1.00 Lead 1638 UG/L 5 0.00500 0.250 Mercury 1631E UG/L 1 0.000188 0.000500 Nickel 1638 UG/L 5 0.0650 5.00 Selenium 1638 UG/L 5 0.0800 5.00 Silver 1638 UG/L 5 0.0100 0.500 Thallium 1638 UG/L 5 0.00200 0.100 Zinc 1638 UG/L 5 1.05 2.50 Low-Level Metals - Dissolved Antimony 1638 UG/L 5 0.0350 0.100 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 5 0.0760 0.750 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 5 0.00500 0.500 Chromium 1638 UG/L 5 0.415 4.00 Hexavalent Chromium 1636 UG/L 5 1.75 2.50 
A-15 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-3. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Specifi

RL 

Copper 1638 UG/L 5 0.0200 1.00 Lead 1638 UG/L 5 0.00500 0.250 Mercury 1631E UG/L 1 0.000188 0.000500 Nickel 1638 UG/L 5 0.0650 5.00 Selenium 1638 UG/L 5 0.0800 5.00 Silver 1638 UG/L 5 0.0100 0.500 Thallium 1638 UG/L 5 0.00200 0.100 Zinc 1638 UG/L 5 1.05 2.50 
A-16 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-4. Duplicate of Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 4500-NH3F MG/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 4500NO3H MG/L 20 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 4500-N,C MG/L 1 NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210B MG/L 1 NP NP Chloride 4500-CL-C MG/L 1 NP NP Sulfate D516-90 MG/L 10 NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C MG/L 1 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.3 MG/L 1 NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D MG/L 1 NP NP Routine Metals – Total Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 
A-17 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-4. Duplicate of Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Routine Metals – Dissolved Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 
A-18 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-4. Duplicate of Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Hexavalent Chromium D1687-92 UG/L 1 1.00 2.00 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Low-Level Metals – Total Antimony 1638 UG/L 5 0.0350 0.100 
A-19 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-4. Duplicate of Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Arsenic 1638 UG/L 5 0.0760 0.750 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 5 0.00500 0.500 Chromium 1638 UG/L 5 0.415 4.00 Copper 1638 UG/L 5 0.0200 1.00 Lead 1638 UG/L 5 0.00500 0.250 Mercury 1631E UG/L 1 0.000188 0.000500 Nickel 1638 UG/L 5 0.0650 5.00 Selenium 1638 UG/L 5 0.0800 5.00 Silver 1638 UG/L 5 0.0100 0.500 Thallium 1638 UG/L 5 0.00200 0.100 Zinc 1638 UG/L 5 1.05 2.50 Low-Level Metals - Dissolved Antimony 1638 UG/L 5 0.0350 0.100 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 5 0.0760 0.750 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 5 0.00500 0.500 Chromium 1638 UG/L 5 0.415 4.00 Hexavalent Chromium 1636 UG/L 5 1.75 2.50 Copper 1638 UG/L 5 0.0200 1.00 Lead 1638 UG/L 5 0.00500 0.250 Mercury 1631E UG/L 1 0.000188 0.000500 Nickel 1638 UG/L 5 0.0650 5.00 Selenium 1638 UG/L 5 0.0800 5.00 Silver 1638 UG/L 5 0.0100 0.500 
A-20 

E – Sample analyzed outside holding time. J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP – Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is present

metals that are quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was nolimit, the report limit is presented in parentheses in the concentration column. 

Table A-4. Duplicate of Fly Ash Pond Effluent Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Thallium 1638 UG/L 5 0.00200 0.100 Zinc 1638 UG/L 5 1.05 2.50 
a – Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-21 

Table A-5. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

LDPE 250 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level metals and low-level hexavalent chromium 

samples) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Flint 125 ml Amber Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for speciation samples) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 
a – Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-22 

Table A-5. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Flint 250 ml Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level mercury samples)

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Capsule Filter – Equipment Blank (for dissolved low-level metals sample collection)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Dissolved UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

LDPE 2000 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level metals field blank water)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 
a – Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-23 

Table A-5. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

LDPE 4000 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level metals field blank water)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Borosilicate 1000 ml Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level mercury field blank water)

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

LDPE 20 L Composite Bottles – Bottle Blank (sample composite bottle for composite sample collection for 

the fly ash pond influent)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 
a – Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-24 

Table A-5. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Pump-Off Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (Teflon® and #24 silicone tubing for dissolved sample collection 

for low-level metals)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (25 feet of Teflon® tubing attached to 10 feet #73 silicone tubing for 

composite sample collection for low-level mercury and metals from fly ash pond influent)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium a EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L 0.490 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 
a – Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-25 

Table A-5. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (25 feet of Teflon® tubing, 10 feet #73 silicone tubing, Y-splitter, two pieces 

of 5 feet #24 silicone tubing for sample collection for low-level mercury and metals from fly ash pond 

effluent)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium a EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L 0.490 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Funnel Assembly Set – Equipment Blank (Plastic funnel attached to #73 silicone tubing, Y-splitter, and 2 

pieces of 5 feet of #24 silicone tubing for sample collection for low-level total metals at the fly ash pond 

influent)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium a EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L 0.490 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 
a – Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-26 

Table A-5. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 
A-27 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Fly Ash Pond Influent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Routine Metals – Total Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 
A-28 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Fly Ash Pond Influent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Routine Metals – Dissolved Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Hexavalent Chromium D1687-92 UG/L 1 1.00 2.00 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 
A-29 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Fly Ash Pond Influent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Low-Level Metals – Total Antimony 1638 UG/L 1 0.00700 0.0200 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 1 0.0152 0.150 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 1 0.00100 0.100 Chromium 1638 UG/L 1 0.0830 0.800 Copper 1638 UG/L 1 0.00400 0.200 Lead 1638 UG/L 1 0.00100 0.0500 Mercury 1631E UG/L 1 0.000188 0.000500 Nickel 1638 UG/L 1 0.0130 1.00 Selenium 1638 UG/L 1 0.0160 1.00 Silver 1638 UG/L 1 0.00200 0.100 Thallium 1638 UG/L 1 0.000400 0.0200 Zinc 1638 UG/L 1 0.209 0.500 Low-Level Metals - Dissolved Antimony 1638 UG/L 1 0.00700 0.0200 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 1 0.0152 0.150 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 1 0.00100 0.100 Chromium 1638 UG/L 1 0.0830 0.800 Copper 1638 UG/L 1 0.00400 0.200 Lead 1638 UG/L 1 0.00100 0.0500 Nickel 1638 UG/L 1 0.0130 1.00 
A-30 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Fly Ash Pond Influent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Selenium 1638 UG/L 1 0.0160 1.00 Silver 1638 UG/L 1 0.00200 0.100 Thallium 1638 UG/L 1 0.000400 0.0200 Zinc 1638 UG/L 1 0.209 0.500 
A-31 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Table A-7. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Routine Metals – Total Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 
A-32 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Table A-7. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Routine Metals – Dissolved Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 1 10.6 50.0 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 20.0 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 Barium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 2.00 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 5.00 Boron 200.7 UG/L 1 2.70 100 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.100 5.00 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 1 5.10 50.0 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Hexavalent Chromium D1687-92 UG/L 1 1.00 2.00 Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 50.0 Copper 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Iron 200.7 UG/L 1 5.40 100 Lead 200.7 UG/L 1 0.700 50.0 Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 1 8.90 200 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 15.0 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 1 0.0500 0.200 Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 1 1.10 50.0 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 5.00 Silver 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 20.0 Sodium 200.7 UG/L 1 40.5 500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.500 10.0 
A-33 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Table A-7. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Tin 200.7 UG/L 1 0.400 30.0 Titanium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.600 20.0 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 5.00 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1 0.200 10.0 Low-Level Metals – Total Antimony 1638 UG/L 1 0.00700 0.0200 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 1 0.0152 0.150 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 1 0.00100 0.100 Chromium 1638 UG/L 1 0.0830 0.800 Copper 1638 UG/L 1 0.00400 0.200 Lead 1638 UG/L 1 0.00100 0.0500 Mercury 1631E UG/L 1 0.000188 0.000500 Nickel 1638 UG/L 1 0.0130 1.00 Selenium 1638 UG/L 1 0.0160 1.00 Silver 1638 UG/L 1 0.00200 0.100 Thallium 1638 UG/L 1 0.000400 0.0200 Zinc 1638 UG/L 1 0.209 0.500 Low-Level Metals - Dissolved Antimony 1638 UG/L 1 0.00700 0.0200 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 1 0.0152 0.150 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 1 0.00100 0.100 Chromium 1638 UG/L 1 0.0830 0.800 Hexavalent Chromium 1636 UG/L 5 1.75 2.50 Copper 1638 UG/L 1 0.00400 0.200 Lead 1638 UG/L 1 0.00100 0.0500 
A-34 

J – Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U – Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

Table A-7. Fly Ash Pond Effluent Field Blank Analytical Data, Cardinal 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor Sample-Specific MDL Sample-Specific RL 

Nickel 1638 UG/L 1 0.0130 1.00 Selenium 1638 UG/L 1 0.0160 1.00 Silver 1638 UG/L 1 0.00200 0.100 Thallium 1638 UG/L 1 0.000400 0.0200 Zinc 1638 UG/L 1 0.209 0.500 
Appendix B 

ANALYTICAL DATA FOR METALS, FLY ASH POND 
B-1 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U - Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not analyzed. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Note: Results shown are not paired samples. See Section 4.2. 

Table B-1. Analytical Results for Metals in the Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal 

Fly Ash Pond Influent (SP-1) Original Fly Ash Pond Effluent (SP-2) Duplicate Fly 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total 

Routine Metals Aluminum 200.7 UG/L 320,000 283 362 132 L 326 Antimony 200.7 UG/L 35.1 CJ 15.1 J 21.5 20.9 20.8 Arsenic 200.7 UG/L 1,520 86.8 78.1 75.1 77.1 Barium 200.7 UG/L 5,060 164 166 159 163 Beryllium 200.7 UG/L 71.5 ND (5.00) U ND (5.00) U ND (5.00) U ND (5.00) Boron 200.7 UG/L 2,790 1,380 1,110 1,090 1,080 Cadmium 200.7 UG/L 39.6 0.103 J 0.171 J 0.104 J 0.179 Calcium 200.7 UG/L 204,000 94,800 88,900 87,600 87,800 Chromium 200.7 UG/L 1,300 6.68 J 3.13 J 2.44 J 3.02 Hexavalent Chromium 

D1687-92 UG/L NA 5.00 NA 5.00 NA 

Cobalt 200.7 UG/L 381 2.45 J 1.58 J 1.02 J 1.59 Copper 200.7 UG/L 964 3.21 J 4.34 J 3.00 J 4.01 Iron 200.7 UG/L 298,000 ND (100) U 83.0 J ND (100) U 72.7 Lead 200.7 UG/L 786 ND (50.0) U ND (50.0) U ND (50.0) U ND (50.0) Magnesium 200.7 UG/L 35,100 15,200 18,100 17,700 17,700 Manganese 200.7 UG/L 1,120 40.3 65.1 43.1 64.3 Mercury 245.1 UG/L 2.31 ND (0.200) U ND (0.200) U ND (0.200) U ND (0.200) Molybdenum 200.7 UG/L 333 243 365 356 357 Nickel 200.7 UG/L 739 11.8 J 9.34 J 8.38 J 9.26 Selenium 200.7 UG/L 16.6 CJ 16.6 44.5 43.9 44.4 
B-2 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U - Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not analyzed. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Note: Results shown are not paired samples. See Section 4.2. 

Table B-1. Analytical Results for Metals in the Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal 

Fly Ash Pond Influent (SP-1) Original Fly Ash Pond Effluent (SP-2) Duplicate Fly 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total 

Silver 200.7 UG/L 7.81 CJ ND (20.0) U ND (20.0) U ND (20.0) U ND (20.0) Sodium 200.7 UG/L 69,900 64,400 71,000 70,600 70,500 Thallium 200.7 UG/L 31.6 CJ 1.69 J 1.40 J 1.06 J 1.53 Tin 200.7 UG/L 61.2 CJ ND (30.0) U ND (30.0) U ND (30.0) U ND (30.0) Titanium 200.7 UG/L 24,900 ND (10.0) U 13.8 ND (10.0) U 11.4 Vanadium 200.7 UG/L 2,340 70.7 105 100 103 Yttrium 200.7 UG/L 521 ND (5.00) U 0.206 J ND (5.00) U 0.237 Zinc 200.7 UG/L 1,220 ND (10.0) U 1.95 J 0.535 J 1.82 Low-Level Metals Antimony 1638 UG/L 33.1 17.4 21.7 22.5 22.1 Arsenic 1638 UG/L 519 80.7 69.0 69.6 70.5 Cadmium 1638 UG/L 9.51 0.722 J 1.17 1.11 1.10 Chromium 1638 UG/L 569 35.8 J 4.88 L 4.41 L 4.40 Hexavalent Chromium 

1636 UG/L NA NA NA 3.81 NA 

Copper 1638 UG/L 719 3.34 J 2.84 2.29 3.12 Lead 1638 UG/L 260 0.0217 J 0.400 0.00730 J 0.440 Mercury 1631E UG/L 1.16 0.000550 0.00125 0.000468 J 0.00124 Nickel 1638 UG/L 291 14.9 J 10.5 10.5 10.9 Selenium 1638 UG/L 22.1 J 21.2 45.6 45.1 45.9 
B-3 

CJ – Calculated J-value. The J-value was calculated using the filtered aqueous and/or the filtered solid analytical results, including J-va

one of the sample fraction analytical results (i.e., filtered aqueous and/or filtered solid concentration) was measured above the method dcalculated total sample concentration is less than the calculated sample-specific report limit. L – Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the reporting limit. U - Result below the MDL. Number shown in parentheses is the reporting limit). NA – Not analyzed. ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Note: Results shown are not paired samples. See Section 4.2. 

Table B-1. Analytical Results for Metals in the Fly Ash Pond, Cardinal 

Fly Ash Pond Influent (SP-1) Original Fly Ash Pond Effluent (SP-2) Duplicate Fly 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total 

Silver 1638 UG/L 0.682 J ND (1.00) U 0.0171 J 0.0217 J 0.0480 Thallium 1638 UG/L 43.6 3.10 2.82 2.89 2.85 Zinc 1638 UG/L 720 44.5 J 5.64 4.21 6.32 
Appendix C 

DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES 
1

MEMORANDUM

DATE: December 31, 2007 

TO: Ron Jordan, Project Officer 

 EPA EAD 

FROM: Maria A. Vargas, Quality Assurance Chemist 

Computer Sciences Corporation 

SUBJECT: Data Review Narrative for Classical Analyses for the Steam Electric Study, Episode 6551 

OVERVIEW

Under EPA Contract Number 68-C-03-058, ProChem Analytical, Inc., submitted classical wet chemistry 

data for five samples in Episode 6551. Sample 71120, identified as SP – 1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond, was 

expected to contain a significant and variable particulate concentration. EPA and industry representatives 

were concerned that the variable nature of the sample would 1) complicate the collection of a 

representative sample for both EPA and industry analyses and 2) lead to analytical interferences. 

Therefore, for some classical analyses (those with a phase listed in Table 1), the laboratory was directed 

by EPA to separate the influent to fly ash pond sample into an aqueous-phase and a solid-phase and 

analyze each. The two sets of results (filtered aqueous and filtered solid phases) are provided in the 

analytical database, as are calculated total results (derived by combining filtered aqueous and filtered 

solid phase results). 

 

Table 1 provides a complete listing of samples, matrices, descriptions, sampling dates, phases, and the 

required analytes. 

Table 1 - Sample Identifiers, Descriptions, Sampling Dates and Analytes

EPA Sample 

# Matrix Sample Description Sampling Date Phase Analytes

71120 Aqueous SP-1 – Influent to 

Fly Ash Pond 10/16/07 NA 

BOD (SM 5210B), 

Hexavalent Chromium 

(ASTM D1687-92), TSS 

(SM 2540D), TDS (SM 

2540C), HEM (1664A), 

and SGT-HEM (1664A) 

71120 Aqueous SP-1 – Influent to 

Fly Ash Pond 10/16/07 Filtered 

Aqueous 

Chloride (SM 4500-Cl-

 C), 

Total Phosphorus (365.3), 

TKN (SM 4500-N C), 

Nitrate/Nitrite (SM 4500-

NO3 H), Ammonia as 

nitrogen (SM 4500-NH3 

F), and Sulfate (ASTM 

D516-90) 
2

Table 1 - Sample Identifiers, Descriptions, Sampling Dates and Analytes

EPA Sample 

# Matrix Sample Description Sampling Date Phase Analytes

71120 Aqueous SP-1 – Influent to 

Fly Ash Pond 10/16/07 Filtered 

Solid 

 Chloride (SM 4500-Cl-

 C), 

Total Phosphorus (365.3), 

TKN (SM 4500-N C), 

Nitrate/Nitrite (SM 4500-

NO3 H), Ammonia as 

nitrogen (SM 4500-NH3 

F), and Sulfate (ASTM 

D516-90) 

71120 Aqueous SP-1 – Influent to 

Fly Ash Pond NA Calculated 

Total 

Chloride (SM 4500-Cl-

 C), 

Total Phosphorus (365.3), 

TKN (SM 4500-N C), 

Nitrate/Nitrite (SM 4500-

NO3 H), Ammonia as 

nitrogen (SM 4500-NH3 

F), and Sulfate (ASTM 

D516-90) 

71121 Aqueous SP-2 – Effluent from 

Fly Ash Pond 10/16/07 NA 

BOD (SM 5210B), 

Hexavalent Chromium 

(ASTM D1687-92), TSS 

(SM 2540D), TDS (SM 

2540C), Chloride (SM 

4500-Cl-

 C), Total 

Phosphorus (365.3), TKN 

(SM 4500-N C), 

Nitrate/Nitrite (SM 4500-

NO3 H), Ammonia as 

nitrogen (SM 4500-NH3 

F), Sulfate (ASTM D516-

90), HEM (1664A), and 

SGT-HEM (1664A) 

71122 Aqueous 

SP-3 – Duplicate of 

Effluent from Fly 

Ash Pond 

10/16/07 NA 

BOD (SM 5210B), 

Hexavalent Chromium 

(ASTM D1687-92), TSS 

(SM 2540D), TDS (SM 

2540C), Chloride (SM 

4500-Cl-

 C), Total 

Phosphorus (365.3), TKN 

(SM 4500-N C), 

Nitrate/Nitrite (SM 4500-

NO3 H), Ammonia as 

nitrogen (SM 4500-NH3 

F), and Sulfate (ASTM 

D516-90) 

71123 Aqueous 

SP-4 – Influent to 

Fly Ash Pond Field 

Blank 

10/16/07 NA Hexavalent Chromium 

(ASTM D1687-92) 

71124 Aqueous 

SP-5 – Effluent from 

Fly Ash Pond Field 

Blank 

10/16/07 NA Hexavalent Chromium 

(ASTM D1687-92) 

 NA= Not applicable. In the Phase column, only one result exists in the EPA database for this sample/analyte 

 combination. 
3

These data have been reviewed in accordance with CSC’s Data Review Guidelines for Classical Wet 

Chemistry Analyses (DR-02 Revision 2, September 1, 2007) and with the specifications listed in the 

contract. A summary of the results of the data review process is provided below, followed by detailed 

descriptions of data issues identified with these samples. Based on this review, all data in this episode are 

considered of acceptable quality with the qualifications described below and detailed in the attached data 

review summary table (Table 2). 

SUMMARY 

All samples were analyzed within the contract-specified holding times for all classical wet chemistry 

parameters specified in the sampling and analysis plan with the exception of nitrate/nitrite, as described 

below. The calibration and continuing calibration standards were successfully analyzed. Laboratory 

blanks were performed for each analysis, and there was no contamination detected above the laboratory 

reporting limit with the exception of the samples described below. Field blanks were analyzed for 

hexavalent chromium and were found to contain no hexavalent chromium above the minimum level 

(ML). The quality control samples (QC), including the ongoing precision and recovery sample (OPR) 

and matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) samples, demonstrated that laboratory performance 

for these analyses was acceptable with the exception of the samples described below. The MS/MSDs 

analyses were performed on sample 71121. 

DATA ISSUES 

SGT-HEM 

The relative percent difference (47%) between the MS/MSD for sample 71121 was greater than the 

method-specified limit (34%). The MS recovery (76%) and MSD recovery (123%) were both within the 

method-specified criteria (64-132%). Because the sample result was not detected in sample 71121 

respectively, CSC recommends that the result be included in the database without qualification. 

TKN 

TKN was detected in the laboratory preparation blank (PB) at a concentration of 0.24 mg/L, which is 

greater than the ML of 0.1 mg/L. The data quality is affected as follows: 

• Sample Results Less than Five Times Blank Results: When the sample result is less than five 

times the blank result, there are no means by which to ascertain whether or not the presence of the 

analyte may be attributed to contamination. Therefore, CSC recommends that the data be 

reported in the database as a non-detect at the ML, adjusted for sample size, dilution, and 

matrices. These instances are detailed below and in the attached data review summary table. 

a) sample 71120 filtered aqueous 

b) sample 71122 

 

 • Sample Results Greater than Five Times but Less than Ten Times Blank Results: CSC considers 

these results to be of acceptable quality, but they may be maximum values. These instances are 

detailed below and in the attached data review summary table. 

 a) sample 71121 

• Sample Results Greater than Ten Times Blank Results or Analyte Not Detected in Sample: CSC 

does not consider the presence of the analyte in the blank to adversely affect the data in cases 

where the sample results are greater than ten times the associated blank results or where the 

analyte is not detected in associated samples. Sample 71120 filtered solid falls into this category, 
4

but because CSC considers such data to be acceptable without qualification, these cases do not 

merit further detail. 

Nitrate and Nitrite 

Nitrate and nitrite analyses were performed beyond the 28-day hold time by several hours. CSC 

recommends that the nitrate/nitrite results in samples 71120 filtered aqueous and filtered solid; 71121 and 

71122 be considered estimated values. 

BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 

One of the GGA standard recoveries (79%) was below the method-specified acceptance criteria of 84-

116%. Because the BOD results for the associated samples (71120, 71121, and 71122) were notdetected, CSC recommends the sample results to be acceptable without qualification. 

Hexavalent chromium, Chloride, Sulfate, Nitrate/Nitrite, TKN and TSS 

The relative percent difference (RPD) between field duplicate samples 71121 (effluent from fly ash pond) 

and 71122 (duplicate of effluent from fly ash pond) for the following analytes were: hexavalent 

chromium (200%), chloride (33%), sulfate (65%), nitrate/nitrite (30%), TKN (51%), and TSS (33%). 

CSC does not routinely qualify results based on field duplicate RPD. 

TECHNICAL NOTES 

Phase Separation and Calculations 

As described in the phase separation document, EPA’s contract laboratory was asked to measure and 

record the following data as part of the phase separation process: 

• Original sample weight 

• Original sample volume 

• Net weight of solid phase on the filter 

• Filtrate weight 

• Filtrate volume 

Some of these variables were required for used to calculate a total result; there should be one set of these 

records for each of Group I and Group II analyses. All values are provided in Table 3. 

CSC calculated the total results for the FGD Influent sample using the following formula: 

In generating the classicals “Calculated Total” results for the Steam Electric Study, CSC used all values 

greater than the ML. However, if any concentration was affected by contamination in an associated blank 

at less than 5 times the associated blank result, it was changed to a zero before going through the 

calculation, per CSC's data review protocols. Negative values submitted by the laboratory were not used 

in the calculations. 

Vol. L

(Conc. mg/L x Vol. L) (Conc. mg/kg Wt. kg) Total SampleConcentration mg/L

original sample

Filtrate Filtrate + solid phase × solid phase =
5

Please note that the results for the various phases will be labeled in the PROCEDUR field of the EPA 

database as “FILTERED AQUEOUS”, “FILTERED SOLID (WET WEIGHT)”, and “CALCULATED 

TOTAL”. 

Minimum Levels 

When two results are mathematically combined to obtain a Calculated Total result, CSC will report the 

larger of the two MLs associated with each result as the Calculated Total ML. 

Percent Solids

The percent solid result is provided in Table 3, if desired, to convert solid phase wet weight basis values 

to dry weight results, and was not used to generate the “Calculated Total” results. 

If you have any questions regarding the analyses of these samples or the review of these data, please 

contact Barbara Beard by telephone at (703) 461-2154, by facsimile at (703) 461-8056, or by email at 

bbeard2@csc.com. 

cc: Brian D’Amico, EPA 

Marla Smith, EPA 

 Beverly Randolph, EPA 

Nelson Andrews, EPA 

 Brian Englert, EPA 

Deb Bartram, ERG 

TJ Finseth, ERG 

Lynn Walters, CSC 

Barbara Beard, CSC 
6

Table 2

Data Review Summary Table 

Episode: 6551 Analysis: Classicals 

Industry: Steam Electric Study Reviewer: Maria A. Vargas 

Sample Analyte Action Reason CSC Qual Level

71120 filtered 

aqueous 

ND 

71122 

TKN 

Report in 

database as not 

detected 

Sample result <5x 

blank result NA 

ND 

71121 TKN Maximum 

value 

Sample result >5x but 

<10x blank result NA 1.47 mg/L 

71120 filtered 

aqueous 2.61 mg/L 

71120 filtered 

solid 

Samples analyzed 

outside holding time 2.4 mg/kg 

71120 

calculated 

total 

Nitrate/Nitrite Estimated value 

Associated filtered 

aqueous and filtered 

solid results are 

estimated values 

2.65 mg/L 

71121 5.43 mg/L 

71122 

Nitrate/Nitrite Estimated value Samples analyzed 

outside holding time 

NA 

4.02 mg/L 

NA= Not Applicable 

ND= Not Detected 
7

 Table 3 

 Phase Separation Data Elements 

Episode: 6551 Analysis: Classicals 

Industry: Steam Electric Study Reviewer: Maria A. Vargas 

Group number I II 

Sample number 71120 71120 

Original sample vol (mL) 970 940 

Net weight of solid phase on the filter (g) 34.5 36.9 

Original sample weight (g) 945 957 

Filtrate weight (g) 850 899 

Filtrate volume (mL) 860 920 

Percent Solid (of solid phase) (%) 76.6% 73.1% 

 
Computer Sciences Corporation 

www.csc.com 

6101 Stevenson Avenue 

Alexandria, Virginia 22304 

703.461.2000 Fax 703.461.2020 

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: January 7, 2008 

TO: Ron Jordan, Work Assignment Manager 

 EPA EAD 

FROM: Maria A. Vargas, Quality Assurance Chemist

Computer Sciences Corporation 

SUBJECT: Data Review Narrative for Total and Dissolved Metals Analyses for the Steam Electric 

Study, Episode 6551 

Under EPA contract number 68-C-03-044, ProChem Analytical submitted data for the analysis of metals 

by EPA Method 200.7 and mercury by Method 245.1. Five aqueous samples in this episode were 

analyzed for total and dissolved metals. Sample 71120, identified as SP – 1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond, 

was expected to contain a significant and variable particulate concentration. EPA and industry 

representatives were concerned that the variable nature of the sample would 1) complicate the collection 

of a representative sample for both EPA and industry analyses and 2) lead to analytical interferences. 

Therefore the laboratory was directed by EPA to separate the SP – 1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond sample into 

an aqueous-phase and a solid-phase, and analyze each for metals and mercury. The two sets of results 

(filtered aqueous and filtered solid phases) are provided in the analytical database, including the 

calculated total result (derived by combining filtered aqueous and filtered solid phase results). 

Table 1 provides a list of samples, matrices, descriptions, sampling dates, phases, and the required 

analytical methods.

Table 1 - Sample Identifiers, Descriptions, Sampling Dates, and Analysis Methods

EPA Sample 

# Matrix Sample Description Sampling Date Phase Methods

10/16/2007 Dissolved 

10/16/2007 Filtered 

Solid 

10/16/2007 Filtered 

Aqueous 

71120 Aqueous SP – 1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond 

NA Calculated 

Total 

Dissolved 

71121 Aqueous SP – 2 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond 10/16/2007 

Total 

Dissolved 

71122 Aqueous SP – 3 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond 

Duplicate 10/16/2007 

Total 

Dissolved 

71123 Aqueous SP – 4 Influent to Fly Ash Pond Field 

Blank 10/16/2007 

Total 

Dissolved 

71124 Aqueous SP – 5 Effluent from Fly Ash Pond Field 

Blank 10/16/2007 

Total 

200.7, 

245.1 

NA= Not applicable 
2

These data have been reviewed in accordance with CSC's Data Review Guidelines for Metals Analyses 

(November 2004), the EAD contract, and with the specifications listed in EPA Methods 200.7 (Rev. 5.0), 

and 245.1 (03/83). All data are of acceptable quality with the qualifiers described below and detailed in 

the data review summary table (Table 2). 

SUMMARY 

All five samples were successfully analyzed within the contract-specified holding times. The method 

detection limit (MDL) study was performed and was within the contract-specified criteria. Both aqueous 

and solid phase initial precision and recovery (IPR) analyses were performed and were within the contract 

criteria. 

Calibration curves, calibration standards, and calibration blanks were successfully analyzed, with the 

exceptions noted below. Preparation blanks performed for each analysis detected no contamination above 

the laboratory’s reporting limits. QC samples, including ongoing precision and recovery (OPR) samples, 

matrix spike (MS) samples, matrix spike duplicate (MSD) samples, and laboratory serial dilution samples 

demonstrated that laboratory performance for these analyses was acceptable, with the exception of the 

issues described below and summarized in Table 2. The field filter blanks and the laboratory filter blank 

detected no analytes above the contract-specified MLs. The MS/MSD analyses were performed on the 

total and dissolved fractions of sample 71121. 

DATA ISSUES

Method and Analytical Blanks

Several analytes were detected in the preparation blanks (PB), initial calibration blanks (ICBs), and 

continuing calibration blanks (CCBs) associated with the samples in this Episode at concentrations 

greater than the respective MDLs, but less than the method-specified MLs. The data quality is affected as 

follows: 

• Sample Results Less than Five Times Blank Results: When the sample result is less than five 

times the blank result, there are no means by which to ascertain whether or not the presence of the 

analyte may be attributed to contamination. Therefore, CSC recommends that the data be 

reported in the database as a non-detect at the ML, adjusted for sample size, dilution, and 

matrices. These instances are detailed below and in the attached data review summary table. 

a) filtered solid phase selenium in sample 71120 

• Sample Results Greater than Five Times but Less than Ten Times Blank Results: CSC considers 

these results to be of acceptable quality, but they may be maximum values. These instances are 

detailed below and in the attached data review summary table. 

 a) dissolved aluminum in samples 71121 and 71122 

• Sample Results Greater than Ten Times Blank Results or Analyte Not Detected in Sample: CSC 

does not consider the presence of the analyte in the blank to adversely affect the data in cases 

where the sample results are greater than ten times the associated blank results or where the 

analyte is not detected in associated samples. Several samples fall into this category, but because 

CSC considers such data to be acceptable without qualification, these cases do not merit further 

detail. 
3

 

Ongoing Precision and Recovery (OPR) 

The solid OPR recoveries for aluminum (69%) and magnesium (74%) were below the contract acceptance 

criteria (80%). Because aluminum and magnesium were detected in the filtered solid phase sample 

71120, CSC considers the results of acceptable quality but they may be minimum values. 

Serial Dilutions 

The serial dilution percent differences for total aluminum in sample 71121 (33%) and total antimony 

(32%) were above the contract-specified criteria of 10%. The serial dilution percent difference for 

dissolved antimony in sample 71121 (31%) was also above the criteria. However, the MS/MSD 

recoveries were within the criteria for total aluminum, total antimony and dissolved antimony. CSC does 

not qualify sample data based on serial dilution results alone and believes that no further action is 

required. 

TECHNICAL NOTE 

Phase Separation and Calculations 

As described in the phase separation document, EPA’s contract laboratory was asked to measure and 

record the following data as part of the phase separation process: 

• Original sample weight 

• Original sample volume 

• Net weight of solid phase on the filter 

• Filtrate weight 

• Filtrate volume 

CSC calculated the total result for the SP – 1 Influent to Fly Ash Pond sample using the following 

formula: 

In the generation of the routine metals “Calculated Total” results, at EPA's request, CSC included 

concentrations that were greater than the MDL but less than the ML unless both factors in the calculations 

were less than the ML. However, if any concentration was affected by contamination in an associated 

blank at less than 5 times the associated blank result, it was changed to a zero before going through the 

calculation, per CSC's data review protocols. Negative values submitted by the laboratory were not used 

in the calculations. 

Please note that the results for the various phases will be labeled in the PROCEDUR field of the EPA 

database as “FILTERED AQUEOUS”, “FILTERED SOLID (WET WEIGHT)”, and “CALCULATED 

TOTAL”. 

Vol. L

(Conc. μg/L x Vol. L) (Conc. mg/kg 1000μg/mg x Wt. kg) Total SampleConcentration μg/L

originalsample

Filtrate Filtrate + solid × solid =
4

Minimum Levels 

When two results are mathematically combined to obtain a Calculated Total result, CSC will report the 

larger of the two MLs associated with each result as the Calculated Total ML. 

Percent Solids 

Percent solid evaluation was performed for sample 71120 and is summarized in Table 3. The percent 

solids results is provided to convert if desired, solid phase wet weight basis values to dry weight results; 

percent solids results were not used to generate the “Calculated Total” results. 

If you have any questions regarding the analyses of these samples or the review of these data, please 

contact Barbara Beard by telephone at (703) 461-2154, by facsimile at (703) 461-8056, or by email at 

bbeard2@csc.com. 

cc: Brian D’Amico, EPA Deb Bartram, ERG 

Beverly Randolph, EPA TJ Finseth, ERG 

Marla Smith, EPA Lynn Walters, CSC 

Nelson Andrews, EPA Barbara Beard, CSC 

Brian Englert, EPA 
5

Table 2 

Data Review Summary Table

Episode: 6551 Analysis: Metals

Industry: Steam Electric Study Reviewer: Maria A. Vargas 

Sample Analyte Action Reason CSC Qual Level

71120 solid 

phase Se Report in database as not detected 

Sample result < 5x blank 

result NA ND 

71120 solid 

phase 

OPR %R below contractspecified criteria 6350 mg/kg 

71120 

calculated total 

Al Minimum value 

Associated solid phase 

result is a minimum 

NA 

320000 ug/L 

71120 solid 

phase 

OPR %R below contractspecified criteria 372 mg/kg 

71120 

calculated total 

Mg Minimum value Associated solid phase 

result is a minimum 

NA 

35100 ug/L 

71121 dissolved 132 ug/L 

71122 dissolved 

Al Maximum value Sample result between 5x 

and 10x blank result NA 

128 ug/L 

NA= Not Applicable 

ND= Not detected 
6

Table 3 

Phase Separation Data Elements 

Episode: 6551 Analysis: Metals 

Industry: Steam Electric Study Reviewer: Maria A. Vargas 

Sample number 71120 

Original sample vol (mL) 510 

Net weight of solid phase on the filter (g) 20.7 

Original sample weight (g) 509.8 

Filtrate weight (g) 481 

Filtrate volume (mL) 485 

Percent Solid (of solid phase) (%) 76.9 

 

 
Computer Sciences Corporation 

www.csc.com 

6101 Stevenson Avenue 

Alexandria, Virginia 22304 

703.461.2000 Fax 703.461.2020 

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: December 20, 2007 

TO: Ron Jordan, Work Assignment Manager 

 EPA EAD 

FROM: Cris Robinson, Quality Assurance Chemist 

Computer Sciences Corporation 

SUBJECT: Data Review Narrative for Trace Metals Analyses for the Steam Electric Study, Episode 

6551 

Under EPA contract number 68-C-03-046, Battelle Marine Sciences submitted data for the analyses of 

trace metals. All five aqueous samples in this episode were analyzed for total mercury (Hg) by Method 

1631E and total metals including antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium 

(Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), thallium (Tl), and zinc (Zn) by Method 1638 (ICPMS). Three of the five (Fly Ash Pond Effluent, Fly Ash Pond Effluent Duplicate, and Fly Ash Pond 

Effluent Field Blank) were analyzed for hexavalent chromium by Method 1636. Several samples were 

analyzed for dissolved metals as well as total.

Table 1 - Sample Identifiers, Descriptions, Sampling Dates, and Analysis Methods 

EPA Sample 

# Matrix Sample Description Sampling Date Phase Methods

Total 1631E, 1638

71120 Aqueous SP-1 Fly Ash Pond Influent 10/16/07 

Dissolved 1631E, 1638

Total 1631E, 1638

71121 Aqueous SP-2 Fly Ash Pond Effluent 10/16/07 Dissolved 1631E, 1638

NA 1636 

Total 1631E, 1638

71122 Aqueous SP-3 Fly Ash Pond Effluent Duplicate 10/16/07 Dissolved 1631E, 1638

NA 1636 

Total 1631E, 1638

71123 Aqueous SP-4 Fly Ash Pond Influent Field Blank 10/16/07 

Dissolved 1638 

Total 1631E, 1638

71124 Aqueous Dissolved 1638 SP-5 Fly Ash Pond Effluent Field 

Blank 10/16/07 

NA 1636 

NA = Not applicable

These data have been reviewed in accordance with CSC's Data Review Guidelines for Metals Analyses 

(November 2004), with the EAD contract, and with the specifications listed in EPA Methods 1631E (Aug 

2002), 1636 (Jan 1996), and 1638 (Jan 1996). All data are of acceptable quality with the qualifiers 

described below and detailed in the data review summary table (Table 2). 
2 

SUMMARY

All five samples were successfully analyzed within the method-specified holding times, and initial 

precision and recovery (IPR) analyses and method detection limit (MDL) studies were acceptably 

performed. All QC samples, including ongoing precision and recovery samples (OPR), matrix spike and 

matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) samples, and quality control samples (QCS) were within method 

specified criteria, with the exceptions described below. The MS/MSD analyses were performed on total 

and dissolved 71121 samples. Calibration curves and calibration verification standards were successfully 

analyzed, with the exceptions described below. 

All calibration and preparation blanks were free of contamination above the report limit (minimum level 

or ML), with the exceptions described below. No analytes were detected at levels above the reporting 

limit in the field blanks. 

 

DATA ISSUES

Method and Analytical Blanks

Several analytes were detected in the preparation blanks (PB), initial calibration blanks (ICBs), and 

continuing calibration blanks (CCBs) associated with the samples in this episode at concentrations greater 

than the respective MDLs, but less than the method-specified MLs. Antimony was detected in one ICB 

and zinc was detected in one CCB at levels marginally above their respective MLs. The data quality is 

affected as follows: 

• Sample Results Greater than Five Times but Less than Ten Times Blank Results: CSC considers 

these results to be of acceptable quality, but they may be maximum values. The affected samples 

and analytes are as follows: 71121 total chromium, 71121 dissolved chromium, 71122 total 

chromium, and 71122 dissolved chromium. 

• Sample Results Greater than Ten Times Blank Results or Analyte Not Detected in Sample: CSC 

does not consider the presence of the analyte in the blank to adversely affect the data in cases 

where the sample results are greater than ten times the associated blank results or where the 

analyte is not detected in associated samples. Because CSC considers such data to be acceptable 

without qualification, these cases do not merit further detail. 

CCV 

The recoveries of silver (108% and 109%) in two continuing calibration verification samples (CCV) were 

slightly above the method-specified upper limit of 107%. The affected result is total silver for sample 

71120. However, because silver was not detected in this sample, CSC recommends that the result be 

included in the database without qualification. 

TECHNICAL NOTES 

Sample Temperature 

Trace metals samples were not chilled during shipment for this study. 
3 

Additional Analytes 

Two additional analytes, arsenic and chromium, were included for evaluation by Method 1638. Because 

they are not specified in the method, the MLs for these (0.15 μg/L and 0.80 μg/L, respectively) were set 

well above the laboratory-determined MDL. 

Minimum Levels 

In order to alleviate interference caused by high levels of dissolved solids, the laboratory performed 

various dilutions on several samples on which Method 1636 and 1638 were performed. MLs are adjusted 

appropriately. 

If you have any questions regarding the analyses of these samples or the review of these data, please 

contact Barbara Beard by telephone at (703) 461-2154, facsimile at (703) 461-8056, or via email at 

bbeard2@csc.com. 

cc: Brian Damico, EPA Deb Bartram, ERG 

Beverly Randolph, EPA TJ Finseth, ERG 

Marla Smith, EPA Lynn Walters, CSC 

Nelson Andrews, EPA Barbara Beard, CSC 

Brian Englert, EPA 

Table 2 

Data Review Summary Table

Episode: 6551 Analysis: Trace Metals

Industry: STELEC Study Reviewer: Cris Robinson 

Sample Analyte Action Reason SCC Qual Level

71121 Total 

71121 Dissolved 

71122 Total 

71122 Dissolved 

Cr Maximum value Sample result >5x and 

<10x blank result NA See Database 

NA = Not applicable
Appendix D 

PICTURES FROM THE SAMPLING EPISODE 
D-1 

Figure D-1. Sampler Working Inside a “Cleanbox” 
D-2 

Figure D-2. Sample Location for the Influent to the Fly Ash Pond 
D-3 

Figure D-3. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Influent to the Fly Ash Pond 
D-4 

Figure D-4. “Shake and Pour” Set-Up for the Influent to the Fly Ash Pond 
D-5 

Figure D-5. Waste Streams Entering the Fly Ash Pond at the Completion of the Composite 

Period 
D-6 

Figure D-6. Waste Streams Entering the Fly Ash Pond the Day before Sample Collection
D-7 

Figure D-7. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Effluent from the Fly Ash Pond