Timber Resource 

Statistics For Eastern 

Oregon, 1999

David L. Azuma, Paul A. Dunham, 

Bruce A. Hiserote, and 

Charles F. Veneklase

United States

Department of 

Agriculture

Forest 

Service

Pacific Northwest

Research Station

Resource Bulletin

PNW-RB-238

October 2004

REVISED
David L. Azuma is a research forester, Paul A. Dunham is a forester, Bruce A.

Hiserote is a forester, and Charles F. Veneklase is a computer specialist, Forestry

Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 3890, Portland, OR 97208-3890.

Authors
i

Azuma, David L.; Dunham, Paul A.; Hiserote, Bruce A.; Veneklase,

Charles F. 2004. Timber resource statistics for eastern Oregon, 1999. Rev. Resour.

Bull. PNW-RB-238. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Pacific Northwest Research Station. 42 p.

This report is a summary of timber resource statistics for eastern Oregon, which includes Baker, Crook, Deschutes, Gilliam, Grant, Harney, Jefferson, Klamath, Lake,

Malheur, Morrow, Sherman, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, Wasco, and Wheeler Counties.

Data were collected as part of a statewide multiresource inventory. The inventory

sampled all private and public lands except those administered by the National Forest

System. The National Forest System provided area statistics from their regional inventories of the various forests. Statistical tables summarize all ownerships and provide estimates of land area, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest.

Keywords: Forest surveys, forest inventory, statistics (forest), timber resources, resources (forest), eastern Oregon.

Eastern Oregon has an estimated 42.2 million acres of land. About 32 percent of this

land is forested with 76 percent of the forested portion being nonreserved timberland.

About 71 percent of the timberland exists on National Forest System lands. Within the

timberland area outside of national forests, net volume of growing stock is estimated as

3.5 billion cubic feet. About 41 percent of the growing-stock volume is on forest industry

land, 48 percent on other private land, and 11 percent on other public land. Approximately 99 percent of the total growing-stock volume is in coniferous species, with ponderosa pine accounting for 43 percent followed by Douglas-fir at 22 percent of the conifer

volume. Estimated net annual growth of growing stock for nonfederal lands is 59 million

cubic feet, and average annual mortality for this timber is an estimated 45 million cubic

feet.

Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) is a nationwide program of the USDA Forest Service

authorized by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978.

Work units, located at Forest Service research and experiment stations, conduct forest

resource inventories throughout the 50 states. The FIA Program of the Pacific Northwest

Research Station in Portland, Oregon, is responsible for forest inventories in Alaska,

California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

Abstract

Summary

Preface
ii

v Counties in Eastern Oregon

1 Introduction

1 Inventory Procedures (Nonfederal Lands)

2 Land and Water Area Updated

2 Change in Ownership Definitions

2 Analysis of Change Between Inventories for Nonfederal Lands

2 Highlights

3 Reliability of Inventory Data

4 Terminology

9 Names of Trees

10 Acknowledgments

10 Metric Equivalents

10 Literature Cited

Contents
iii

Table 1—Estimated land area, by county, land class, and administrative status, eastern

Oregon, 1999

Table 2—Estimated area of reserved timberland outside of national forests, and other

forest land, by forest type, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 3—Estimated area of timberland, by county and owner class, eastern Oregon,

1999

Table 4—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by county and forest

type, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 5—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by county and standsize class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 6—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by forest type and

owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 7—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by owner class,

stand-size class, and forest type group, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 8—Estimated area of timberland, by cubic-foot site class and owner class, eastern

Oregon, 1999

Table 9—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by forest type and

stand-size class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 10—Estimated number of growing-stock trees on timberland outside of national

forests, by species and diameter class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 11—Estimated net volume of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland outside

of national forests, by class of timber, owner class, and species group, eastern Oregon,

1999

Table 12—Estimated net volume of growing stock on timberland outside of national

forests, by species and diameter class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 13—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests,

by species and diameter class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 14—Estimated net volume of growing stock on timberland outside of national

forests, by species and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 15—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests,

by species and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 16—Estimated net volume of growing stock on timberland outside of national

forests, by forest type and stand-size class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 17—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests,

by forest type and stand-size class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 18—Estimated net volume of growing stock on timberland outside of national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 19—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests,

by forest type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 20—Estimated net volume of timber on timberland outside of national forests, by

class of timber and species group, eastern Oregon, 1999

List of Tables
iv

Table 21—Estimated current gross annual growth of growing stock on timberland outside

of national forests, by owner class and species group, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 22—Estimated current net annual growth of growing stock on timberland outside

of national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 23—Estimated current net annual growth of sawtimber on timberland outside of

national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 24—Estimated average annual mortality of growing stock on timberland outside of

national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 25—Estimated average annual mortality of sawtimber on timberland outside of

national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 26—Estimated area, net volume of growing stock and net volume of sawtimber

on timberland outside of national forests, by stand age and owner class, eastern

Oregon, 1999

Table 27—Estimated gross annual growth, average annual mortality, and average annual

removals of growing stock on timberland outside of national forests, by owner and species, eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 28—Estimated gross annual growth, average annual mortality, and average annual

removals of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests, by owner and species,

eastern Oregon, 1999

Table 29—Estimated changes in area of timberland outside of national forests, by owner

class, eastern Oregon, 1988, 1999

Table 30—Estimated changes in net volume of growing stock on timberland outside of

national forests, by species group and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1988, 1999

Table 31—Estimated changes in net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of

national forests, by species group and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1988, 1999

Table 32—Estimated timber harvest volume by year and owner class, eastern Oregon,

1962 to 2000
v
1

The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) unit of the Pacific Northwest Research Station

conducted a multiresource inventory in eastern Oregon’s forests in 1998 and 1999. This

inventory included all lands except those administered by the USDA Forest Service. This

report summarizes the timber resource statistics for eastern Oregon’s forests. Some

statistical tables include inventory data provided by the USDA Forest Service for area on

their lands. Other resources sampled but not included in this report include understory

vegetation, crown cover, coarse woody debris, and snags. These data will lead to further

analysis of the status of eastern Oregon’s forests.

The FIA unit has been reporting statistics for eastern Oregon since the 1930s. Bolsinger

and Berger (1975), Farrenkopf (1982), and Gedney et al. (1989) reported inventory statistics in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, respectively. The current sampling system is a systematic grid of plots implemented in the early 1960s. McKay et al. (1994) used an

updated 1992 data set to report the latest forest statistics for eastern Oregon.

This report contains statistical tables that provide current estimates of forest land area,

number of trees, timber volume, growth, mortality, and harvest. In several tables, data

supplied for the 1997 Resources Planning Act (RPA) (Smith et al. 2001) by the National

Forest System are incorporated. Estimates are provided of change in volume and area

of nonfederal lands between the 1980s and the present inventory. Change estimates are

not available for federal lands. The national forest statistics include areas that are withdrawn from full production but still meet the FIA definition of timberland. National forest

lands are not all equally available for timber production owing to various management

decisions.

Eastern Oregon was inventoried by using a double sampling for stratification scheme

(Cochran 1977). The sampling is implemented on a permanent systematic grid producing

an even geographic distribution of both secondary (field) and primary (photo) plots across

the state. Photo plots are placed at random inside each square of the grid.

The primary sample for eastern Oregon consists of a grid of nearly 70,000 points established in 1987 by using aerial photography from 1982 with some updates from 1994.

Data collected on each point included, but were not limited to, land use, plant community, and stage of development. For conifer stands, percentage of crown cover and a

height code also were collected. The primary sample is used for the stratification of the

secondary sample points to increase the precision of estimates.

The secondary sample consisted of 4,378 forest and nonforest field locations established

in previous inventories and remeasured or reclassified in the 1998-99 period. This sample

represents about a 1 in 16 subsample of the primary grid. The ratio of 1 field to 16 photo

plots provides a sufficient number of plots to meet the required sampling precision for

estimates of forest area and volume.

The national forest plots were taken on a similar grid system with a different plot design

(Max et. al 1996). The data were collected for these inventories between 1993 and 1996.

The 1998 FIA inventory also included reserved lands, which were excluded from previous

FIA inventories. The major addition is from Crater Lake National Park with about 220,000

acres.

In 1986, a cluster of five subplots covering an area of about 8 acres was installed at timberland grid locations. At that time, the cluster of subplots sampled a single homogeneous condition, by moving subplots into the condition if necessary. At each subplot,

variable-radius sampling was used to select trees over 5 inches diameter at breast

height (d.b.h.), and a fixed-radius plot was used to sample seedlings and saplings.

Introduction

Inventory

Procedures

(Nonfederal Lands)
2

In 1998, the sampling design was modified to remove potential bias inherent in the 1986

procedures. The term “condition class” was defined for the modified design to identify

different situations that could occur on a plot. A condition class, or “condition,” refers to

an area with a distinct land class (timberland, woodland, nonforest, etc.) and vegetative

condition (forest type, stand age, etc.). The modified design requires that all subplots for

a cluster (the plot) remain fixed. For plots that straddle two or more conditions, we now

sample all conditions by mapping the boundaries around each condition essentially subdividing the plot. The information pertinent to each condition was recorded as condition

class attributes. When multiple conditions exist on a plot, all data in one condition are

processed together. This can impact the amount of information available for classifying

stand characteristics, such as forest type, stand size, and stand age. For example, on

4,378 secondary sample locations outside of national forest lands in the 1998 inventory,

4,768 condition classes were sampled, of which 586 were timberland conditions. On the

464 plots that contained a timberland condition, roads were the most common nonforest

condition followed by grassland steppe or high desert shrub land.

The Bureau of the Census compiles and publishes the area of land and water in the

United States every 10 years. These area figures, available by state and county, are

accepted and used by FIA in Portland as the gross number of acres to be inventoried

in each county. The previous inventory was based on 1980 census data, and the current

inventory uses 1990 census figures. Raster-scanned U.S. Geological Survey topographic

maps and a geographic information system are now used by the Bureau of the Census

to identify water bodies and landforms and to determine the size of areas much smaller

than was possible previously. As a result, the definition of inland water was changed

to reflect the finer resolution: streams with a minimum width of 200 feet are now recognized, compared to 660 feet in 1980; and small water bodies are now at least

4.5 acres in size, compared to 40 acres in the past.

Lands owned by Native Americans are now classified as “other private.” In the 1988 inventory, these lands were defined as “other public.” Forest industry is no longer divided

into two categories: “forest industry with mills” or “forest industry without mills”; instead

both are now classed as forest industry.

To analyze change in forest statistics, the 1987 data were recompiled to account for

technical changes in the 1998-99 inventory. The summaries presented in tables 29

through 31 have been developed from remeasured plots outside of National Forest System lands and include recompiled data from the 1987 inventory. Volume in the change

tables is based on trees that were either measured twice, or measured for the first time

in the 1998-99 inventory and were projected backward for the 1987 values. Caution

should be used in comparing present statistics and those published by Gedney et al.

(1989), because of the procedural changes.

Access was denied on and trees were not projected forward from the previous inventory

on 137,000 acres representing approximately 197 million cubic feet in the 1988 inventory.

The volume and area for these plots are shown as losses in the area and volume change

tables. These lands are not actually withdrawn from the resource base but are reported

as losses for comparison purposes.

National forest timber harvests have dramatically declined in the 1990s. From 1970 to

1989, timber harvest volume from national forests averaged 1.16 billion board feet per

year. That number dropped to 0.47 billion per year between 1990 and 2000, with an average of 0.24 billion from 1994 to 2000, a decrease of 79 percent from the 1970 to 1989

period.

Land and Water Area

Updated

Change in

Ownership

Definitions

Analysis of Change

Between Inventories

for Nonfederal

Lands

Highlights
3

Private lands, composing only 28 percent of the timberland in eastern Oregon, produced

on average, 34 percent of the harvest volume per year in the 1980s, and 62 percent from

1990 to 2000. There has been a decline in standing volume on private lands from the

1988 inventory of 4.7 to 3.5 billion cubic feet in 1999. In the last 11 years, periodic removals are about 2.5 percent greater than the periodic gross growth. If mortality is included

as lost volume, the volume lost is 27 percent greater than growth.

Less than 3 percent of timberland outside of the National Forest System has a large

sawtimber size class (average stand d.b.h. greater than 21 inches). Of forest industry

timberland, 56 percent has a small sawtimber size class (average stand d.b.h. between

9 and 21 inches); the percentage for other lands outside of national forests is 69 percent.

The small sawtimber size class accounts for 83 percent of the growing-stock volume and

87 percent of the sawtimber volume in eastern Oregon.

There was little net change in land use in eastern Oregon between 1988 and 1999. An

estimated 50,000 acres of the 2.9 million timberland acres went to another land use,

32,000 acres going to urban uses and the rest to roads. An estimated 40,000 acres

moved into the timberland class; most of these areas had marginal tree stocking at the

previous inventory. The timber volume associated with plots leaving timberland designation was about 95 million cubic feet; the volume on land becoming timberland was about

3 million cubic feet. The net loss in volume is much more substantial than the loss in

acres.

Access was denied to about 137,000 acres in the 1998 inventory.

Inventories are designed to provide sampling errors consistent with national standards

set by the USDA Forest Service. The target sampling errors for total timberland area

are 3 percent per million acres, and 10 percent per billion cubic feet of growing-stock

volume.

The sample design for this inventory provides the highest precision when estimates are

aggregated for all of eastern Oregon. As the sample is divided into smaller units, the confidence intervals increase as a proportion of the estimate. Confidence intervals are quantitative expressions of the variability inherent in the sampling and estimation procedures.

The tabulation below indicates, for instance, a 68-percent (one standard error) chance

that the true timberland area outside of national forest (estimated at 2,945,000 acres) is

within the range of 2,867,000 to 3,023,000 acres.

Area estimates and standard errors for timberland outside of national forests, by owner

class, are displayed below:

Owner Timberland area Net volume

Thousand acres Million cubic feet

Other public 236±30 428±78

Forest industry 1,603±75 1,558±99

Other private 1,105±74 1,839±148

All owners 2,945±78 3,825±184

Reliability of

Inventory Data
4

Confidence intervals vary with the size of the estimate and the amount of variance associated with the estimate. The following is a set of approximate confidence intervals calculated by using a regression analysis between actual standard error and the estimate

involved. These approximate intervals allow the user to estimate the error around all values in the following tables. These regressions have r-square values greater than 0.80,

indicating that 80 percent of the variance in the relation was explained by the equation.

The actual error estimates for cells in tables can be obtained from the Portland FIA unit.

Timberland area Growing-stock volume

Estimate Confidence interval Estimate Confidence interval

 – –Thousand acres – – Percent – – Million cubic feet – – Percent

3,000 ±93 3 6,000 ±326 5

2,000 ±76 4 4,000 ±230 6

1,500 ±66 4 2,000 ±134 8

1,000 ±54 5 1,000 ±86 9

800 ±48 6 800 ±77 10

600 ±42 7 600 ±67 11

400 ±34 8 400 ±58 14

200 ±25 12 200 ±48 24

100 ±18 18 100 ±43 43

50 ±13 26 50 ±41 82

25 ±10 40

15 ±8 53

10 ±6 60

5 ±5 99

Available other forest land—Forest land incapable of growing 20 cubic feet per acre

per year (mean annual increment at culmination in fully stocked, natural stands) of industrial wood because of adverse conditions such as sterile soils, dry climate, poor

drainage, subalpine sites, steepness, or rockiness but available for harvest.

Bureau of Land Management land—Land administered by the U.S. Department of

the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

Class of timber—A classification of trees as growing stock, cull, and salvable dead.

Growing-stock trees are divided into poletimber and sawtimber trees.

Condition class—A mapped area on a plot with a distinct land class (for example, timberland, oak woodland, nonforest) or a distinct vegetative condition (for example, forest

type, stand size). The condition identified at plot center is the only condition that is

remeasured and used for the analysis of periodic change.

County and municipal lands—Lands owned by county and other municipalities.

Cull trees—Live trees of noncommercial species, and live trees of commercial species

that are more than 75 percent defective. Noncommercial species are junipers, Pacific

yew, Pacific dogwood, apple, and willow. Cull trees are not growing-stock trees.

Cull trees, rotten—Cull trees with defect caused primarily by rot.

Cull trees, sound—Trees of noncommercial species or cull trees of commercial species

with defect caused primarily by poor form and roughness.

Terminology
5

Diameter class—A classification of trees based on diameter outside the bark measured

at breast height, 41⁄2 feet above the ground. The common abbreviation for diameter at

breast height is d.b.h. Trees are grouped into 2-inch classes up to 21 inches d.b.h., after

which the class intervals become broader.

Even-aged stands—Stands where 70 percent or more of the tree stocking falls within

three adjacent 10-year age classes.

Farmer-owned lands—Lands owned by the operators of farms.

Forest industry lands—Lands owned by companies that grow timber for industrial use.

Includes companies both with and without wood processing plants.

Forest land—Land at least 10 percent stocked with live trees, or land that had this minimum tree stocking in the past and is not currently developed for nonforest use. The minimum area recognized is 1 acre.

Forest types—Stands are assigned a pure softwood, pure hardwood, softwood-hardwood

mix, or hardwood-softwood mix. Stands with 70 percent or more of the stocking in live

softwood trees are classified as pure softwood types and are assigned the type name

of the softwood species with the greatest stocking among all softwoods on the condition class plot. Stands with 70 percent or more of the stocking in live hardwood trees

are classified as pure hardwood types and are assigned the type name of the hardwood

species with the greatest stocking among all hardwoods on the condition class plot.

Mixed species types are assigned if softwood stocking is between 31 to 69 percent total

stocking on the plot: stands with 50 to 69 percent of the stocking in live softwood trees

are classed as softwood-hardwood types, and receive a type name that includes the

softwood species with the greatest softwood stocking, followed by the hardwood species with the greatest hardwood stocking; stands with 51 to 69 percent of the stocking

in live hardwood trees are classed as hardwood-softwood types, and receive a type name

that includes the hardwood species with the greatest hardwood stocking, followed by

the softwood species with the greatest softwood stocking. For ease in reporting, the

secondary forest type will be identified after a slash as “softwood” or “hardwood” in the

summary tables

Growing-stock trees—All live trees except cull trees (see “cull trees”).

Growing-stock volume—Net volume in cubic feet of live sawtimber and poletimber

growing-stock trees from the top of a stump 12 inches tall to a minimum 4-inch top

(of central stem) inside the bark. Net volume is gross volume less deductions for rot

and missing bole sections.

Growth, current net annual, growing stock—The increase in growing-stock volume

on timberland during the last year of the period between the previous and current inventories. Components of current net annual growth for growing-stock volume include (a) the

increment in net volume of poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees alive at the

beginning of the year and surviving to year end; plus (b) ingrowth, the net volume of

growing-stock trees reaching poletimber or sawtimber size during the year; minus (c)

mortality, the net volume of poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees that died during the year.

Growth, current net annual, sawtimber—The increase in sawtimber volume on timberland during the last year of the period between the previous and current inventories.

Components of current net annual growth for sawtimber volume include (a) the increment
6

in net volume of sawtimber trees alive at the beginning of the year and surviving to year

end; plus (b) ingrowth, the net volume of trees reaching sawtimber size during the year;

minus (c) mortality, the net volume of sawtimber trees that died during the year.

Growth, periodic gross, growing stock—The increase in growing-stock volume between the previous and current inventories that is attributable to increasing tree size.

Periodic gross growth includes (a) the increment in net volume of poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees alive at both the previous and current inventories; (b) the increment in net volume of poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees alive at the previous

inventory and harvested between inventories; and (c) ingrowth, the net volume of

growing-stock trees reaching poletimber or sawtimber size between inventories.

Growth, periodic gross, sawtimber—The increase in sawtimber volume between the

previous and current inventories that is attributable to increasing tree size. Periodic gross

growth includes (a) the increment in net volume of sawtimber trees alive at both the previous and current inventories; (b) the increment in net volume of sawtimber trees alive at

the previous inventory and harvested between inventories; and (c) ingrowth, the net volume of trees reaching sawtimber size between inventories.

Hardwoods—Nonconiferous trees, usually broadleaved. See “Names of Trees” for a list

of hardwood species in this report.

Industrial wood—All commercial roundwood products except fuelwood. Roundwood

includes logs or bolts that are in straight sections at least 8 feet long for hardwoods and

12 feet long for softwoods.

Land area—Area reported as land by the Bureau of the Census (U.S. Department of

Commerce 1990). Total land area includes dry land and land temporarily or partially covered by water, such as marshes, swamps, and river flood plains; streams, sloughs, and

canals less than 200 feet wide; and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 4.5 acres in

area.

Land class—A classification of land by major use. The minimum area for classification

is 1 acre.

Mean annual increment (MAI) at culmination—A measure of the productivity of forest land expressed as the average increase in cubic-foot volume per acre per year. For

a given species and site index, the mean is based on the age at which the MAI culminates for fully stocked natural stands. The MAI is based on the site index of the plot.

Mortality, average annual, growing stock—The annual net volume of poletimber and

sawtimber growing-stock trees that died between the previous and current inventories.

Mortality, average annual, sawtimber—The annual net volume of sawtimber trees

that died between the previous and current inventories.

Mortality, periodic, growing stock—The net volume of poletimber and sawtimber

growing-stock trees that died between the previous and current inventories not including

removals.

National forest lands—Federal lands that have been designated by Executive order or

statute as national forest or purchase units and other lands under the administration of

the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, including experimental areas and

Bankhead-Jones Title III lands.
7

Native American lands—Tribal lands, and allotted lands held in trust by the federal

government. Native American lands are grouped with farmer and miscellaneous private

lands as other private lands.

Net volume—Gross volume less deductions for sound and rotten defects. Growingstock net volume is gross cubic-foot volume less deductions for rot and missing bole

sections on poletimber and sawtimber growing-stock trees. Sawtimber net volume is

gross board-foot volume less deductions for rot, sweep, crook, missing bole sections,

and other defects that affect the use of sawtimber trees for lumber.

Noncommercial species—A tree species not commonly used for industrial wood products: junipers, Pacific yew, Pacific dogwood, apple, and willow. Noncommercial species

will not be included in growing-stock volume tables; however, if one or more of these species dominate on a plot, the forest type might be classified as a noncommercial species.

Nonforest land—Land that has never supported forests or formerly was forested and

currently is developed for nonforest uses. Included are lands used for agricultural crops,

Christmas tree farms, cottonwood plantations, improved pasture, residential areas, city

parks, constructed roads, operating railroads and their right-of-way clearings, powerline

and pipeline clearings, streams more than 30 feet wide, and 1- to 40-acre areas of water

classified by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, as land. If intermingled in forest areas, unimproved roads and other nonforest strips must be more than

120 feet wide, and clearings or other areas must be 1 acre or larger to qualify as

nonforest land.

Nonstocked areas—Timberland less than 10 percent stocked with live trees. Recent

clearcuts scheduled for planting are classified as nonstocked area.

Other private lands—Private lands not owned by forest industry. Native American

lands, farmer-owned lands, and miscellaneous private lands are included.

Other public lands—Lands administered by public agencies other than the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of

Land Management. Other public lands do not include Native American lands, which are

included with other private lands.

Poletimber stands—Stands with a quadratic mean diameter (mean diameter weighted

by basal area) from 5.0 to 9.0 inches at breast height if a softwood stand and from 5.0

to 11.0 inches at breast height if a hardwood stand.

Poletimber trees—Live growing-stock trees of commercial species that are 5.0 inches

in d.b.h. or larger but smaller than sawtimber trees.

Reserved other forest—Forest land incapable of growing 20 cubic feet per acre per

year (mean annual increment at culmination in fully stocked, natural stands) of industrial

wood that has been dedicated to noncommodity use through statute, ordinance, or administrative order.

Reserved timberland—Forest land capable of growing 20 cubic feet or more per acre

per year (mean annual increment at culmination in fully stocked, natural stands) of industrial wood that has been dedicated to noncommodity use through statute, ordinance,

or administrative order.

Roundwood—Logs, bolts, or other round sections cut from trees.

Sapling and seedling stands—Stands with a quadratic mean diameter (mean diameter

weighted by basal area) less than 5.0 inches at breast height.
8

Sapling and seedling trees—Live trees of commercial species that are less than

5.0 inches in d.b.h. with a minimum height of 6.0 inches and have no diseases, defects,

or deformities likely to prevent their becoming poletimber trees. Saplings have a minimum diameter of 1.0 inch.

Saw-log portion—The bole of sawtimber trees between the stump and the saw-log top.

Saw-log top is 7.0 inches in diameter outside bark on softwoods and 9.0 inches in diameter outside bark on hardwoods.

Sawtimber stands—Stands with a quadratic mean diameter (mean diameter weighted

by basal area) 9.0 inches and larger at breast height if a softwood stand and 11.0 inches

and larger at breast height if a hardwood stand. Small sawtimber stands are sawtimber

stands with a mean diameter (weighted by basal area) less than 21.0 inches at breast

height. Large sawtimber stands are sawtimber stands that have a mean diameter 21.0

inches or larger at breast height.

Sawtimber trees—Live softwood trees of commercial species at least 9.0 inches in

d.b.h. and live hardwood trees of commercial species at least 11.0 inches in d.b.h. At

least 25 percent of the board-foot volume in a sawtimber tree must be free from defect.

Softwood trees must contain at least one 12-foot saw log with a top diameter of not less

than 7 inches outside bark; hardwood trees must contain at least one 8-foot saw log with

a top diameter of not less than 9 inches outside bark.

Sawtimber volume—Net volume of sawtimber trees measured in board feet. Softwood

volume is estimated from the top of a stump 12 inches tall up to a minimum 6-inch top

diameter, inside bark, and hardwood volume is estimated from the top of a stump 12

inches tall up to a minimum 8-inch top diameter, inside bark. Net sawtimber volume

equals gross volume less deduction for rot, sweep, crook, and other defects that affect

use for lumber.

Scribner rule—The common board-foot log rule used locally in eastern Oregon to determine sawtimber volume. Scribner volume is estimated in terms of 16-foot logs for softwoods and hardwoods. See “Sawtimber volume” for utilization limits.

Site class—A classification of the potential productivity of forest land expressed as

mean annual increment (MAI) at culmination in fully stocked natural stands. Six classes

in this report are based on a range of MAI values that were calculated on every plot.

Site index—A measure of the productivity of forest land expressed as the average

height of dominant and codominant trees at a specified age.

Softwoods—Coniferous trees, usually evergreen, with needles or scalelike leaves. See

“Names of Trees” for a list of softwood species in this report.

Stand age—The 10-year age class that best characterizes the stand. See “even-aged

stand” and “uneven-aged stand” for more details.

Stand-size class—A classification of stands based on tree size. Stand-size classes

are sawtimber, poletimber, and sapling-seedling stands.

State lands—Lands owned by states or administered by state agencies.

Timber harvest—Volume of roundwood removed from forest land for products. Timber

harvest statistics reported in table 32 were collected by the Oregon Department of

Forestry.
9

Timber volume—Includes the net volume in cubic feet of poletimber and sawtimber

trees and salvable dead sawtimber trees, and the net volume in cubic feet of cull trees

of commercial species. In table 17, the volume of cull trees includes the gross volume

of noncommercial species. Volume is measured from the top of a stump 12 inches tall

to a minimum 4-inch top diameter, inside bark.

Timberland—Forest land capable of growing 20 cubic feet or more per acre per year

(mean annual increment at culmination in fully stocked, natural stands) of industrial

wood and not in a reserved status through removal of the area from timber utilization

by statute, ordinance, or administrative order; and not in a withdrawn status where it

is pending consideration for reserved status.

Uneven-aged stands—Stands where less than 70 percent of the tree stocking falls in

three adjacent 10-year age classes.

Upper stem portion—The bole of sawtimber trees above the saw-log top—7.0 inches

diameter outside bark for softwoods and 9.0 inches diameter outside bark for hardwoods

to a minimum top diameter of 4.0 inches inside bark, or to the point where the central

stem divides into limbs.

Common name Scientific name1

Softwood:

Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

Engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.

Grand fir Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.

Incense-cedar Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin

Jeffrey pine Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.

Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.

Mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.

Noble fir Abies procera Rehd.

Pacific silver fir Abies amabilis Dougl. ex Forbes

Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia Nutt.

Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.

Shasta red fir Abies shastensis (Lemmon)

Subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.

Sugar pine Pinus lambertiana Dougl.

Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.

Western juniper Juniperus occidentalis Hook.

Western larch Larix occidentalis Nutt.

Western redcedar Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don

Western white pine Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don

White fir Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.

Whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis Engelm.

Hardwoods:

Black cottonwood Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)

Cherry Prunus spp.

Oregon white oak Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.

Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides Michx.

White alder Alnus rhombifolia Nutt.

Willow Salix spp.

1

 Nomenclature per Little (1979).

Names of Trees
10

Many people were involved in the collection of data and the design of the inventory.

Thanks go to the data collection staff: Brett Anderson, Christina Anthony, Joy Archuleta,

Dale Baer, Jennifer Baker, Del Barge, Adam Blackwood, Steve Bolon, Sarah Butler, Perry

Colclasure, Shaun Curtis, Brian Daum, Sebastien DeLion, Peter DelZotto, Paul Dunham,

Szilard Farkas, Perttu Finni, Andrei Fiodorov, Jennifer Gomoll, Walter Grabowiecki, Erica

Hanson, Kalle Harkonen, Sarah Hedrich, Mike Hogan, Ellie Husk, Jari Jokinen, Dana

Katz, Juha Kauppila, Kim Kuhne, J.D. Lloyd, Kitty McCovey, Tom Meade, Cecilia

Meyers, Scott Nelson, Dominic Ortiz, Mikko Paivinen, Melissa Patterson, Aimee

Porcaro, Bob Rhoads, Tony Rodriguez, Sam Solano, Julie Theil, Chuck Veneklase, Mark

Weber, and Len Zeoli. Thanks to Darius Adams, Chuck Bolsinger, Steve Fairweather,

Mike Huschmann, and Gary Lettman, who provided valuable reviews. Dale Weyermann

provided the maps and Paul Dunham the cover photograph. A special thanks to the many

landowners who allowed field crews on their lands to visit plots and measure trees.

1 acre = 0.405 hectare

1 acre = 4046.86 square meters

1,000 acres = 404.7 hectares

1,000 cubic feet = 28.3 cubic meters

1 cubic foot per acre = 0.07 cubic meter per hectare

1 foot = 0.3048 meter

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

1 mile = 1.609 kilometers

Bolsinger, C.L.; Berger, J.M. 1975. The timber resources of the Blue Mountain area,

Oregon. Resour. Bull. PNW-57. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 62 p.

Cochran, W.G. 1977. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

413 p.

Farrenkopf, T.O. 1982. Forest statistics for eastern Oregon, 1977. Resour. Bull.

PNW-94. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific

Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 28 p.

Gedney, D.; Azuma, D.L.; Bolsinger, C.L.; McKay, N. 1999. Western juniper in

eastern Oregon. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-464. Portland, OR: U.S. Department

of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 53 p.

Gedney, D.R.; Bassett, P.M.; Mei, M.A. 1989. Timber resource statistics for all forest

land, except national forests in eastern Oregon. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-164. Portland,

OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research

Station. 25 p.

Little, E.L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agric.

Handb. 541. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 375 p.

Acknowledgments

Metric Equivalents

Literature Cited
11

Max, T.A.; Schreuder, H.T.; Hazard, J.W. [et al.]. 1996. The Pacific Northwest Region

vegetation and inventory monitoring system. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-493. Portland, OR:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.

22 p.

McKay, N.; Lettman, G.J.; Mei, M.A. 1994. Timber resource statistics for timberland

outside national forests in eastern Oregon. Resour. Bull. PNW-RB-203. Portland, OR:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.

40 p.

Smith, W.B.; Vissage, J.S.; Darr, D.R.; Sheffield, R.M. 2001. Forest resources of the

United States, 1997. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-219. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 190 p.

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1990. 1990 census of population. Volume 1:

Characteristics of the population. Part 1: United States summary. Washington, DC.
12

Table 1—Estimated land area, by county, land class, and administrative status, eastern Oregon, 1999a

Forest land

Availableb Reserved

Available Reserved other other Total NonCounty timberland timberland forest forest forest forest All landc

Thousand acres

Baker 641 47 54 8 750 1,214 1,964

Crook 445 17 487 — 949 958 1,907

Deschutes 865 121 149 — 1,135 797 1,932

Gilliam — — 1 — 1 770 771

Grant 1,495 180 375 — 2,050 848 2,898

Harney 459 0 394 — 853 5,633 6,486

Jefferson 352 27 342 — 721 419 1,140

Klamath 2,304 330 283 5 2,922 882 3,804

Lake 1,181 18 284 15 1,498 3,709 5,207

Malheur 12 — 72 — 84 6,244 6,328

Morrow 187 — 20 — 207 1,094 1,301

Sherman — — — — — 527 527

Umatilla 539 21 44 — 604 1,454 2,058

Union 658 109 62 — 829 474 1,303

Wallowa 523 472 41 9 1,045 968 2,013

Wasco 391 — 271 — 662 862 1,524

Wheeler 257 13 246 — 516 581 1,097

Total 10,306 1,355 3,125 37 14,823 27,434 42,260

— = less than 500 acres.

a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error. Includes data for the national forests from their regional surveys,

submitted to 1997 RPA, Smith et al. 2001.

b Includes estimates for western juniper forests from Gedney et al. 1999.

c Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 1990.
13

Table 2—Estimated area of reserved timberland outside of national

forests, and other forest land, by forest type, eastern Oregon, 1999a

Other forest

Reserved

Forest type timberland Available Reserved Total

Thousand acres

Softwood:

Douglas-fir — 75 — 75

Engelmann spruce — 2 — 2

Incense-cedar — 8 — 8

Lodgepole pine 62 15 — 77

Mountain hemlock 53 8 5 66

Ponderosa pine — 311 — 311

Shasta red fir 27 — — 27

Western juniperb — 2,239 6 2,245

White fir — — — —

Total 142 2,658 11 2,811

Hardwood:

Black cottonwood — 7 — 7

Oregon white oak — 10 — 10

Quaking aspen — — — —

Total — 17 — 17

Nonstocked 2 24 — 26

 

All types 144 2,699 11 2,854

— = less than 500 acres found.

a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b Juniper area from Gedney et al. 1999.
14

Table 3—Estimated area of timberland, by county and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999a

Public Private

Bureau of

National Land Total Forest Native Miscellaneous Total All

County forest Management State County public industry American private private owners

Thousand acres

Baker 523 6 — — 530 41 — 71 112 642Crook 367 — — — 367 52 — 26 78 445Deschutes 762 14 3 — 779 62 — 23 85 864Gilliam — — — — — — — — — —Grant 1,294 17 16 — 1,327 91 — 77 168 1,495Harney 448 5 — — 453 — — 5 5 458Jefferson 140 — — — 140 72 112 27 211 351Klamath 1,449 71 37 — 1,557 595 — 151 746 2,303Lake 897 7 — — 904 225 — 51 276 1,180Malheur 4 — — — 4 3 — 5 8 12Morrow 123 — — — 123 45 — 20 65 188Sherman — — — — — — — — — —Umatilla 344 3 7 — 354 72 17 95 184 538Union 444 — — — 444 127 — 86 213 657Wallowa 268 9 8 4 289 127 — 107 234 523Wasco 155 — 16 — 171 25 171 24 220 391Wheeler 143 12 — — 155 65 — 37 102 257

Total 7,361 144 88 4 7,597 1,603 300 805 2,707 10,304

— = less than 500 acres found.a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error. Includes data for national forests from their regional surveys submitted for 1997 RPA, Smith

et al. 2001.
15

Table 4—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by county and forest type, eastern regon, 1999a

County

Forest type Baker Crook Deschutes Gilliam Grant Harney Jefferson Klamath Lake Malheur Morrow Sherman Umatilla Union Wallowa Wasco Wheeler Total

Thousand acres

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 20 3 — — 57 — 63 23 — 3 27 — 79 44 128 108 24 579Engelmann spruce 8 — — — — — 8 — — — — — 7 — 12 — — 36Grand fir — — — — — — 16 — — — 5 — 7 20 33 17 5 104Incense-cedar — — — — — — — 13 — — — — — — — — — 13Lodgepole pine 8 — 20 — 24 — 8 235 57 — — — 22 16 9 8 — 408Mountain hemlock — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 24 — 24Ponderosa pine 52 58 76 — 92 11 110 393 118 — 26 — 59 83 69 39 62 1,246Shasta red fir — — — — — — — 7 — — — — — — — — — 7Western hemlock — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7 — 7Western juniper — 6 — — 2 — 7 5 7 4 6 — — — 2 — — 40Western larch — — — — — — — — — — — — — 23 — 2 6 30White fir 8 5 6 — 17 — — 105 74 — — — — — — — 6 221

Total 97 72 103 — 192 11 212 782 255 8 65 — 175 185 253 204 103 2,716

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 24 — 24Quaking aspen — — — — — — — 7 15 — — — — — — — — 21

Total — — — — — — — 7 15 — — — — — — 24 — 46

Nonstocked 21 6 — — 8 — — 66 14 — — — 19 28 2 8 12 183All types 118 78 103 201 11 212 855 284 8 65 — 195 213 255 236 114 2,945

— = less than 500 acres found.a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.
16

Table 5—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by county and

stand-size class, eastern Oregon, 1999a

Large Small Seedling- All

County sawtimber sawtimber Poletimber sapling Nonstockedb classes

Thousand acres

Baker 1 52 8 34 21 118

Crook — 58 14 — 6 78

Deschutes — 74 — 29 — 103

Gilliam — — — — — —

Grant — 165 11 17 8 201

Harney — 5 5 — — 11

Jefferson 24 149 32 7 — 212

Klamath 24 455 125 184 66 855

Lake — 144 86 40 14 284

Malheur — 8 — — — 8

Morrow — 59 — 6 — 65

Sherman — — — — — —

Umatilla — 140 20 15 19 195

Union 2 109 36 38 28 213

Wallowa 1 203 23 26 2 255

Wasco 16 131 33 47 8 236

Wheeler 2 72 22 7 12 114

Total 70 1,825 416 450 183 2,945

— = less than 500 acres found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
17

Table 6—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by forest

type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999a

Other Forest Other All

Forest type public industry private owners

Thousand acres

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 28 257 294 579

Engelmann spruce 4 17 16 36

Grand fir 8 55 41 104

Incense-cedar 6 7 — 13

Lodgepole pine 37 271 100 408

Mountain hemlock — — 24 24

Ponderosa pine 97 701 449 1,246

Shasta red fir 7 — — 7

Western hemlock — — 7 7

Western juniper — 11 28 40

Western larch — 21 10 30

White fir 21 176 25 221

 Total 208 1,515 993 2,716

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak 16 — 8 24

Quaking aspen — 8 14 21

 Total 16 8 22 46

Nonstockedb 12 81 90 183

All types 236 1,603 1,105 2,945

— = less than 500 acres found.

a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
18

Table 7—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by owner

class, stand-size class, and forest type group, eastern Oregon, 1999a

Other Forest Other All

Stand-size class public industry private owners

Thousand acres

Large sawtimber: 

Softwood 8 14 48 70

Hardwood — — — —

Total 8 14 48 70

Small sawtimber:

Softwood 166 904 755 1,825

Hardwood — — — —

Total 166 904 755 1,825

Poletimber:

Softwood 7 291 96 393

Hardwood 16 — 7 23

Total 23 291 103 416

Seedlings and saplings:

Softwood 26 306 95 428

Hardwood — 8 15 23

Total 26 314 110 450

All stand-size classes:

Softwood 207 1,515 994 2,716

Hardwood 16 8 22 46

Nonstockedb 12 81 90 183

Total 236 1,603 1,105 2,945

— = less than 500 acres found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b Stand-size class and forest type group were not determined for nonstocked stands. Nonstocked

areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
19

Table 8—Estimated area of timberland, by cubic-foot site class and owner class,

eastern Oregon, 1999a

Site class (cubic feet)b

Owner ≥225 165-224 120-164 85-119 50-84 20-49 All classes

Thousand acres

National forest — 57 177 1,605 4,255 1,266 7,360

Other public — 7 8 23 63 136 236

Forest industry — — 17 104 591 892 1,603

Other private — — 29 73 366 636 1,105

All owners — 64 231 1,805 5,275 2,930 10,304

— = less than 500 acres found.

a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Site class is the mean annual increment cubic-foot growth per acre at culmination in fully stocked,

natural stands.
20

Table 9—Estimated area of timberland outside of national forests, by forest type

and stand-size class, eastern Oregon, 1999a

Large Small Seedling- All

Forest type sawtimber sawtimber Poletimber sapling classes

Thousand acres

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 22 451 51 56 579

Engelmann spruce — 28 8 — 36

Grand fir — 65 30 9 104

Incense-cedar — 13 — — 13

Lodgepole pine — 108 81 218 408

Mountain hemlock — 24 — — 24

Ponderosa pine 43 939 163 101 1,246

Shasta red fir 5 — — 1 7

Western hemlock — 7 — — 7

Western juniper — 24 9 7 40

Western larch — 17 — 14 30

White fir — 148 52 22 221

Total 70 1,825 393 428 2,716

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak — — 16 8 24

Quaking aspen — — 7 15 21

Total — — 23 23 46

Nonstockedb — — — 183 183

All types 70 1,825 416 634 2,945

— = less than 500 acres found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
21

Table 10—Estimated number of growing-stock trees on timberland outside of national forests, by species and diameter class,eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

1.0- 3.0- 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- All

Species 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 29.0+ classes

Thousand trees

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 26,434 16,307 13,389 11,531 8,619 7,069 4,572 2,753 1,801 1,401 1,666 321 95,862

Engelmann spruce 1,050 2,433 2,672 291 339 232 186 221 189 110 219 107 8,048Grand fir 23,923 9,601 5,823 2,718 2,683 1,422 1,195 615 394 289 360 14 49,038Incense-cedar 4,224 2,015 2,134 1,988 873 285 214 103 99 162 69 51 12,217Jeffrey pine — — — — — — 38 47 — — 8 — 93Lodgepole pine 73,687 27,048 13,118 7,530 5,851 3,186 2,145 898 392 142 127 — 134,124

Mountain hemlock 1,823 729 202 1,094 442 317 489 412 438 146 66 — 6,157Noble fir — 729 902 248 252 317 156 36 59 — 69 11 2,780Pacific silver fir 2,187 1,094 528 565 167 510 144 184 29 92 20 — 5,522Ponderosa pine 70,408 47,471 33,604 28,212 18,227 12,976 9,766 7,237 3,544 2,678 3,430 610 238,162Redwood — — 245 324 174 55 96 — — — 31 — 925Shasta red fir 2,800 — — — — 60 40 32 47 20 80 82 3,162Sitka spruce 645 322 — — — — — — — — — — 967Subalpine fir 4,426 1,471 649 335 85 126 44 34 59 21 — — 7,252Sugar pine 930 620 339 119 123 198 40 64 44 -- 24 13 2,514Western hemlock 4,010 1,823 703 295 93 248 100 30 23 13 — 7,337Western larch 2,483 1,434 1,969 1,389 1,036 1,278 767 467 328 140 93 — 11,385Western redcedar 1,458 365 228 263 — 64 43 — — — 81 7 2,510Western white pine — — — — — — — — — — 8 14 22White fir 34,380 25,328 13,635 9,716 7,754 3,446 2,183 1,474 686 489 459 113 99,663Whitebark pine 360 — — 174 — — 45 — — — — — 580Total 255,227 138,790 90,140 66,793 46,718 31,789 22,264 14,579 8,141 5,715 6,823 1,344 688,320

Hardwood: 

Black cottonwood — — — — — — — — — — 30 8 38Cherry 3,803 360 218 — — — — — — — — — 4,381Oregon white oak 1,094 2,121 1,921 471 227 185 101 — — — — — 6,119Quaking aspen 2,286 2,551 1,004 250 190 300 — 95 — 23 18 — 6,718Total 7,183 5,032 3,143 721 417 486 101 95 — 23 47 8 17,256

All species 262,410 143,822 93,283 67,514 47,135 32,275 22,365 14,674 8,141 5,737 6,870 1,352 705,576— = fewer than 500 trees found.

a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.b Growing-stock trees are all live trees except cull trees (noncommercial species are classified as sound cull trees).
22

Table 11—Estimated net volume of growing-stock and sawtimber on timberland

outside of national forests, by class of timber, owner class, and species group,

eastern Oregon, 1999a

Species group

Class of timber Average All

and owner class volume Softwoods Hardwoods species

Cubic feet

per acre – – – – – Million cubic feet – – – – –

Growing-stock:b

Other public 1,813 420 8 428

Forest industry 972 1,550 9 1,559

Other private 1,664 1,824 15 1,839

Total, growing-stock 1,299 3,795 32 3,825

Board feet

per acre – – – – – Million board feet – – – – –

Sawtimber (Scribner rule):c

Other public 7,639 1,798 6 1,803

Forest industry 3,415 5,453 22 5,475

Other private 6,849 7,528 40 7,568

Total, sawtimber 5,041 14,779 67 14,846

a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger and hardwood sawtimber trees

11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.
23

Table 12—Estimated net volume of growing-stock on timberland outside of national forests, by species and

diameter class, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- All

Species 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 29.0+ classes

Million cubic feet

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 23 56 82 101 107 87 80 85 152 73 846

Engelmann spruce 5 2 3 5 4 8 11 8 22 23 92

Grand fir 10 16 30 25 30 22 20 17 33 3 205

Incense-cedar 4 6 5 3 3 2 3 5 4 9 44

Jeffrey pine — — — — 1 2 — — 1 — 4

Lodgepole pine 25 44 68 60 55 30 18 9 9 — 318

Mountain hemlock — 4 5 5 10 13 18 7 6 — 69

Noble fir 1 2 3 6 5 2 4 — 10 2 35

Pacific silver fir 1 3 2 10 4 7 1 5 2 — 35

Ponderosa pine 54 117 154 177 210 217 147 148 289 133 1,647

Shasta red fir — — — 1 1 1 1 1 6 11 20

Subalpine fir 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — — 8

Sugar pine — 1 1 2 — 1 1 — 3 3 13

Western hemlock 2 3 — 6 3 — 2 1 — — 17

Western larch 7 10 11 16 10 7 5 2 2 — 71

Western redcedar — 2 — 2 2 — — — 6 1 13

Western white pine — — — — — — — — 1 4 5

White fir 21 42 62 47 39 38 25 23 30 22 351

Whitebark pine — — — — 1 ———— — 1

Total 155 308 427 466 486 438 340 313 575 286 3,795

Hardwood:

Black cottonwood — — — — — — — — 3 1 4

Cherry 1 — — — — ———— — 1

Oregon white oak 4 2 2 2 2 — — — — — 12

Quaking aspen 1 2 1 4 — 3 — 1 1 — 14

Total 7 4 3 6 2 3 — 1 4 1 31

All species 162 312 430 473 488 441 340 314 580 287 3,825

— = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.
24

Table 13—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests, by species and

diameter class, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- All

Species 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 29.0+ classes

Million board feet, Scribner rule

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 254 375 455 402 390 433 824 443 3,576

Engelmann spruce 11 21 19 41 56 46 125 149 469

Grand fir 92 90 120 97 96 74 158 16 743

Incense-cedar 7 6 7 8 11 20 15 36 110

Jeffrey pine — — 4 8 — — 4 — 16

Lodgepole pine 217 242 253 143 93 47 49 — 1,044

Mountain hemlock 13 16 38 52 74 31 28 — 252

Noble fir 10 26 24 9 20 — 60 13 163

Pacific silver fir 8 39 18 34 7 27 10 — 144

Ponderosa pine 430 618 856 957 697 742 1,556 810 6,666

Shasta red fir — 2 2 2 5 4 28 59 102

Subalpine fir 3 4 5 2 3 3 — — 21

Sugar pine 2 7 2 5 6 — 15 22 58

Western hemlock — 25 14 — 9 5 — — 53

Western larch 33 54 35 24 17 8 5 — 176

Western redcedar — 7 7 — — — 33 7 54

Western white pine — — — — — — 8 25 33

White fir 168 156 151 154 112 108 140 107 1,096

Whitebark pine — — 2 — — — — — 2

Total 1,248 1,688 2,015 1,938 1,598 1,546 3,059 1,686 14,779

Hardwood:

Black cottonwood — — — — — — 15 6 21

Oregon white oak — 5 3 — — — — — 8

Quaking aspen — 13 — 13 — 5 7 — 38

Total — 18 3 13 — 5 22 6 67

All species 1,248 1,706 2,018 1,952 1,598 1,551 3,081 1,692 14,846

— = less than 500,000 board feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger, and hardwood sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.
25

Table 14—Estimated net volume of growing-stock on timberland outside of

national forests, by species and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Other Forest Other All

Species public industry private owners

Million cubic feet

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 66 312 468 846

Engelmann spruce 7 9 76 92

Grand fir 18 96 91 205

Incense-cedar 7 24 13 44

Jeffrey pine 2 2 — 4

Lodgepole pine 15 165 138 318

Mountain hemlock — — 69 69

Noble fir — — 35 35

Pacific silver fir — — 35 35

Ponderosa pine 230 667 751 1,647

Shasta red fir 20 — — 20

Subalpine fir — — 8 8

Sugar pine 6 7 — 13

Western hemlock — — 17 17

Western larch 4 36 30 71

Western redcedar — — 13 13

Western white pine 2 1 2 5

White fir 43 232 75 351

Whitebark pine — — 1 1

 Total 420 1,550 1,824 3,795

Hardwood:

Black cottonwood — 2 3 4

Cherry — — 1 1

Oregon white oak 8 2 3 12

Quaking aspen — 5 9 14

 Total 8 8 15 31

All species 428 1,558 1,839 3,825

— = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.
26

Table 15—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national

forests, by species and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Other Forest Other All

Forest type public industry private owners

Million board feet, Scribner rule

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 272 1,200 2,105 3,576

Engelmann spruce 37 30 403 469

Grand fir 53 354 335 743

Incense-cedar 22 57 32 110

Jeffrey pine 8 8 — 16

Lodgepole pine 43 527 474 1,044

Mountain hemlock — — 252 252

Noble fir — — 163 163

Pacific silver fir — — 144 144

Ponderosa pine 1,058 2,476 3,132 6,666

Shasta red fir 102 — — 102

Subalpine fir — — 21 21

Sugar pine 37 22 — 58

Western hemlock — — 53 53

Western larch 6 93 76 176

Western redcedar — — 54 54

Western white pine 13 8 12 33

White fir 147 679 270 1,096

Whitebark pine — — 2 2

Total 1,798 5,453 7,528 14,779

Hardwood:

Black cottonwood — 7 14 21

Oregon white oak 6 — 3 8

Quaking aspen — 14 23 38

Total 6 22 40 67

All species 1,803 5,475 7,568 14,846

— = Less than 500,000 board feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger and hardwood sawtimber trees

 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.
27

Table 16—Estimated net volume of growing-stock on timberland outside of

national forests, by forest type and stand-size class, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Large Small Seedling All

Forest type sawtimber sawtimber Poletimber sapling classes

Million cubic feet

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 54 905 49 14 1,021

Engelmann spruce — 89 13 — 102

Grand fir — 151 10 — 161

Incense-cedar — 14 — — 14

Lodgepole pine — 234 56 51 341

Mountain hemlock — 118 — — 118

Ponderosa pine 76 1,346 130 17 1,569

Shasta red fir 19 — — — 19

Western hemlock — 37 — — 37

Western juniper — 7 — — 7

Western larch — 51 — 4 55

White fir — 250 49 14 313

Total 149 3,203 308 99 3,758

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak — — 12 1 13

Quaking aspen — — 8 1 9

Total — — 20 2 22

Nonstockedc — — — — 46

Total, all types 149 3,203 328 101 3,826

— = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c

 Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
28

Table 17—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national

forests, by forest type and stand-size class, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Large Small Seedling- All

Forest type sawtimber sawtimber Poletimber sapling classes

Million board feet, Scribner rule

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 282 3,808 110 31 4,231

Engelmann spruce — 461 45 — 506

Grand fir — 609 39 — 648

Incense-cedar — 63 — — 63

Lodgepole pine — 902 160 80 1,141

Mountain hemlock — 466 — — 466

Ponderosa pine 405 5,337 295 47 6,084

Shasta red fir 98 — — — 98

Western hemlock — 130 — — 130

Western juniper — 26 — — 26

Western larch — 202 — 4 206

White fir — 879 98 26 1,002

Total 786 12,884 746 187 14,603

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak — — 17 1 18

Quaking aspen — — 25 — 25

Total — — 41 1 42

Nonstockedc — — — 201 201

Total, all types 786 12,884 788 189 14,846

— = less than 500,000 board feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger and hardwood sawtimber trees

11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
29

Table 18—Estimated net volume of growing-stock on Timberland outside of

national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Other Forest Other All

Forest type public industry private owners

Million cubic feet

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 77 352 592 1,021

Engelmann spruce 7 20 75 102

Grand fir 13 71 76 161

Incense-cedar 9 6 — 14

Lodgepole pine 15 161 166 341

Mountain hemlock — — 118 118

Ponderosa pine 216 686 667 1,569

Shasta red fir 19 — — 19

Western hemlock — — 37 37

Western juniper — 2 5 7

Western larch — 35 20 55

White fir 58 211 44 313

 Total 414 1,544 1,800 3,758

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak 12 — 1 13

Quaking aspen — 1 8 9

Total 12 1 9 22

Nonstockedc 2 13 31 46

Total, all types 428 1,558 1,839 3,825

— = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger and hardwood

sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
30

Table 19—Estimated net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of

national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Other Forest Other All

Forest type public industry private owners

Million board feet, Scribner rule

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 336 1,271 2,624 4,231

Engelmann spruce 37 80 390 506

Grand fir 42 297 309 648

Incense-cedar 36 27 — 63

Lodgepole pine 41 506 594 1,141

Mountain hemlock — — 466 466

Ponderosa pine 956 2,480 2,649 6,084

Shasta red fir 98 — — 98

Western hemlock — — 130 130

Western juniper — 6 19 26

Western larch — 115 91 206

White fir 232 640 130 1,002

Total 1,778 5,423 7,402 14,603

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak 17 — 1 18

Quaking aspen — — 25 25

Total 17 — 26 42

Nonstockedc 8 52 140 201

Total, all types 1,803 5,475 7,568 14,846

— = less than 500,000 board feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger and hardwood sawtimber

trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
31

Table 20—Estimated net volume of timber on timberland outside

of national forests, by class of timber and species group, eastern

Oregon, 1999a b

Softwood Hardwood

Class of timber species species All species

Million cubic feet

Growing-stock trees:

Sawtimber trees

Saw-log portion 3,193 14 3,207

Upper stem portion 138 3 141

Total, sawtimber 3,331 17 3,348

Poletimber trees 464 13 477

All growing-stock trees 3,795 30 3,825

Cull trees:

Sound cull 50 1 51

Rotten cull 33 2 35

Total, cull trees 83 3 86

All timber 3,878 33 3,911

— = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

Table 21—Estimated current gross annual growth of growing-stock on

timberland outside of national forests, by owner class and species group,

eastern Oregon, 1999a

Species group

Average All

Owner class volume Softwoods Hardwoods species

Cubic feet

per acre – – – – – Thousand cubic feet – – – – –

Growing-stock:b

Other public 49 11,428 166 11,594

Forest industry 35 54,613 1,327 55,941

Other private 41 45,439 360 45,799

Total, growing-stock 38 111,480 1,854 113,334

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.
32

Table 22—Estimated current net annual growth of growing-stock on timberland outside of national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern

Oregon, 1999a b c

Other Forest Other All

Forest type public industry private owners 

Thousand cubic feet

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 167 6,783 7,968 14,918

Engelmann spruce 67 646 209 923

Grand fir 514 720 628 1,861

Incense-cedar 87 213 — 300

Lodgepole pine 289 2,250 1,276 3,815

Mountain hemlock — — -1,117 -1,117

Ponderosa pine 4,802 20,403 12,561 37,766

Shasta red fir -176 — — -176

Western hemlock — — -2 -2

Western juniper — 78 27 105

Western larch — 555 136 691

White fir 167 3,505 -80 3,592

Total 5,917 35,154 21,605 62,675

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak 245 — 1 246

Quaking aspen — 634 153 787

Total 245 634 154 1,033

Nonstockedd 27 280 470 777

All types 6,189 36,068 22,228 64,486

— = less than 500 cubic feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c

 Negative net annual growth is the result of annual mortality exceeding gross annual growth.

d Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
33

Table 23—Estimated current net annual growth of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern

Oregon, 1999a b c

Other Forest Other All

Forest type public industry private owners

Thousand board feet, Scribner rule

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 1,310 37,881 50,779 89,970

Engelmann spruce 470 2,110 4,158 6,738

Grand fir 1,446 6,433 3,843 11,722

Incense-cedar 624 1,273 — 1,897

Lodgepole pine 670 13,846 6,218 20,734

Mountain hemlock — — -4,208 -4,208

Ponderosa pine 26,083 87,113 65,027 178,223

Shasta red fir -646 — — -646

Western hemlock — — 398 398

Western juniper — 296 160 456

Western larch — 4,724 1,231 5,955

White fir 1,198 22,280 749 24,226

Total 31,153 175,955 128,354 335,463

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak 602 — 6 607

Quaking aspen — — 955 955

Total 602 — 961 1,563

Nonstockedd 164 2,243 2,606 5,013

All types 31,919 178,199 131,921 342,039

— = less than 500 board feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger and hardwood sawtimber trees

11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c

 Negative net annual growth is the result of annual mortality exceeding gross annual growth.

d Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
34

Table 24—Estimated average annual mortality of growing-stock on timberland outside of national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern

Oregon, 1999a b

Other Forest Other All

Forest type public industry private owners

Thousand cubic feet

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 994 4,357 7,001 12,352

Engelmann spruce 85 352 1,197 1,634

Grand fir 188 1,175 1,201 2,563

Incense-cedar 109 71 — 180

Lodgepole pine 239 2,826 2,979 6,044

Mountain hemlock — — 2,058 2,058

Ponderosa pine 2,122 6,808 6,677 15,607

Shasta red fir 411 — — 411

Western hemlock — — 706 706

Western juniper — 18 43 61

Western larch — 480 336 816

White fir 1,067 3,585 956 5,608

Total 5,215 19,671 23,154 48,040

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak 176 — 11 187

Quaking aspen — 22 108 130

Total 176 22 119 317

 

Nonstockedc 15 180 297 491

 

Total, all types 5,405 19,872 23,570 48,848

— = less than 500 cubic feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c

 Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
35

Table 25—Estimated average annual mortality of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests, by forest type and owner class, eastern

Oregon, 1999a b

Other Forest Other All

Forest type public industry private owners

Thousand board feet, Scribner rule

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 4,074 15,106 29,943 49,123

Engelmann spruce 443 1,483 5,788 7,715

Grand fir 444 4,245 4,657 9,346

Incense-cedar 442 312 — 754

Lodgepole pine 489 7,711 9,883 18,083

Mountain hemlock — — 8,532 8,532

Ponderosa pine 9,266 23,906 25,919 59,090

Shasta red fir 2,088 — — 2,088

Western hemlock — — 2,684 2,684

Western juniper — 60 154 214

Western larch — 1,483 1,549 3,032

White fir 3,888 10,110 2,715 16,713

Total 21,135 64,416 91,823 177,375

Hardwood:

Oregon white oak 210 — 22 232

Quaking aspen — — 297 297

Total 210 — 319 529

 

Nonstockedc 68 682 1,343 2,093

Total, all types 21,413 65,098 93,485 179,996

— = less than 500 board feet found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger and hardwood sawtimber

 trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.

c Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
36Table 26—Estimated area, net volume of growing-stock, and net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests, by

stand age and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1999a

Other public Forest industry Other private All owners

Growing- Growing- Growing- Growingstock Sawtimber stock Sawtimber stock Sawtimber stock Sawtimber

Stand age Area volume volume Area volume volume Area volume volume Area volume volume

Thousand Million Million Thousand Million Million Thousand Million Million Thousand Million Million

acres cubic feet board feetb acres cubic feet board feetb acres cubic feet board feetb acres cubic feet board feetb

Even aged:

0-9 — — — 51 — — 15 — — 67 — —

10-19 32 8 14 225 41 57 78 15 30 334 65 10120-29 4 — — 283 142 389 101 59 142 388 202 53230-39 7 3 8 22 12 41 7 — — 36 16 4940-49 7 10 34 33 31 96 23 11 29 63 51 15950-59 8 10 11 66 70 217 20 40 125 95 120 35360-69 13 29 127 108 97 321 32 56 199 154 182 64870-79 7 18 82 55 128 474 88 185 694 150 332 1,24980-89 10 6 21 160 242 873 117 178 771 288 426 1,66590-99 3 3 16 82 94 324 86 191 767 171 289 1,107

100-109 10 16 79 27 35 135 36 45 181 72 96 395

110-119 — — — 19 36 162 21 57 257 40 93 419

120-129 11 19 91 — — — — — — 11 19 91130-139 — — — — — — 4 11 54 4 11 54140-149 — — — — — — — — — — — —150-159 — — — — — — — — — — — —160-169 — — — — — — — — — — — —170-179 1 3 20 6 3 12 — — — 7 6 31180-189 — — — — — — — — — — — —190-199 — — — — — — — — — — — —200-299 — — — — — — 41 133 671 41 133 671

300+ — — — — — — — — — — — —

Total

even aged 113 127 503 1,137 932 3,101 669 981 3,921 1,921 2,040 7,525

Uneven aged:

0-49 20 19 69 50 42 134 23 11 52 92 72 255

50-99 69 202 852 278 369 1,379 223 428 1,744 570 999 3,975

100-149 20 58 275 74 130 520 123 257 1,103 217 445 1,898150-199 7 19 94 43 74 290 28 56 222 77 149 606200-299 — — — 6 4 16 24 66 359 31 70 374

300+ — — — 5 7 29 — — — 5 7 29

Total

unevenaged 116 299 1,290 456 625 2,368 421 818 3,479 992 1,741 7,137

Nonstockedc 6 2 11 11 1 6 16 40 168 33 44 185

All classes 235 428 1,804 1,604 1,558 5,475 1,106 1,839 7,568 2,946 3,826 14,846

— = less than 500 acres, 500,000 cubic feet, or 500,000 board feet found.a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.b Scribner rule (16-foot rule).c Nonstocked areas are less than 10 percent stocked with live trees.
37

Table 27—Estimated gross annual growth, average annual mortality, and average annual removals of growing-stock on timberlandoutside of national forests, by owner and species, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Other public Forestry industry Other private All owners

Current Average Average Current Average Average Current Average Average Current Average Average

gross annual annual annual gross annual annual annual gross annual annual annual gross annual annual annual

Species growth mortality removals growth mortality removals growth mortality removals growth mortality removals

Thousand cubic feet

Softwood:Douglas-fir 1,459 710 624 9,857 3,340 15,959 12,154 5,007 12,220 23,469 9,057 28,804Engelmann spruce 153 85 — 490 184 124 1,195 1,263 — 1,838 1,532 124Grand fir 812 407 — 3,213 1,746 8,036 3,019 1,657 1,261 7,044 3,810 9,297Incense-cedar 123 113 — 748 387 1,607 212 213 — 1,084 714 1,607Jeffrey pine 151 16 — 24 14 — — — — 174 29Lodgepole pine 528 266 916 5,245 2,966 12,426 3,241 2,601 4,655 9,015 5,833 17,997Mountain hemlock — — — — — — 474 740 4,123 474 740 4,123Noble fir — — — — — — 627 933 629 627 933 629Pacific silver fir — — — — — — 222 1,022 38 222 1,022 38Ponderosa pine 6,624 2,173 617 25,899 6,203 44,206 21,167 7,249 23,306 53,690 15,625 68,129Shasta red fir 214 452 160 — — — — — — 214 452 160Subalpine fir — — — — — 109 163 98 — 163 98 109Sugar pine 94 56 — 347 60 470 — — — 442 116 470Western hemlock — — — — — — 375 183 — 375 183 —Western larch 59 66 — 515 611 1,124 431 510 479 1,005 1,187 1,603Western redcedar — — — — — — 155 134 — 155 134 —Western white pine 8 21 — 13 12 138 1 22 — 22 55 138White fir 1,204 916 302 8,287 4,224 16,830 1,974 1,666 2,601 11,465 6,807 19,733Whitebark pine — — — — — — 30 22 — 30 22 —

Total 11,428 5,279 2,618 54,640 19,748 101,030 45,439 23,320 49,311 111,507 48,348 152,959

Hardwood:Black cottonwood — — — 40 25 — 33 42 — 74 67 —Cherry — — — — — — 59 13 — 59 13 —Oregon white oak 166 126 — 24 25 — 59 50 — 249 200 —Quaking aspen — — — 1,263 75 — 212 146 — 1,475 220 —

Total 166 126 — 1,327 124 — 364 250 — 1,858 500 —

All species 11,594 5,405 2,618 55,967 19,872 101,030 45,803 23,570 49,311 113,364 48,848 152,959

— = less than 500 cubic feet found.a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.b Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.
38

Table 28—Estimated gross annual growth, average annual mortality, and average annual removals of sawtimber on timberlandoutside of national forests, by owner and species, eastern Oregon, 1999a b

Other public Forestry industry Other private All owners

Current Average Average Current Average Average Current Average Average Current Average Average

gross annual annual annual gross annual annual annual gross annual annual annual gross annual annual annual

Species growth mortality removals growth mortality removals growth mortality removals growth mortality removals

Thousand board feet, Scribner rule

Softwood:

Douglas-fir 6,097 2,910 2,742 44,337 12,836 68,848 62,927 22,521 57,357 113,361 38,267 128,948

Engelmann spruce 913 443 — 865 692 630 6,076 6,282 — 7,854 7,418 630Grand fir 2,816 1,128 — 16,609 5,964 29,737 17,017 5,973 3,977 36,442 13,065 33,713Incense-cedar 548 363 — 3,090 921 4,684 449 514 — 4,087 1,798 4,684Jeffrey pine 767 64 — 144 66 — — — — 912 130 —Lodgepole pine 1,339 623 2,937 20,269 8,184 37,890 11,787 8,190 16,377 33,395 16,997 57,204Mountain hemlock — — — — — — 2,278 2,700 13,821 2,278 2,700 13,821Noble fir — — — — — — 3,114 4,187 3,644 3,114 4,187 3,644Pacific silver fir — — — — — — 995 4,128 — 995 4,128 —Ponderosa pine 34,665 10,026 2,405 107,769 22,757 136,646 101,827 30,038 86,482 244,261 62,820 225,533Shasta red fir 1,321 2,319 1,045 — — — — — — 1,321 2,319 1,045Subalpine fir — — — — — 451 407 258 — 407 258 451Sugar pine 623 341 — 1,449 198 2,196 — — — 2,071 538 2,196Western hemlock — — — — — — 1,522 572 — 1,522 572 —Western larch 127 108 — 1,208 1,562 1,492 4,577 1,279 1,152 5,912 2,949 2,645Western redcedar — — — — — — 504 541 — 504 541 —Western white pine 60 145 — 86 67 711 6 139 — 152 351 711White fir 3,970 2,851 850 43,833 11,500 56,673 10,779 5,484 7,670 58,581 19,835 65,192

Whitebark pine — — — — — — 57 26 — 57 26 —Total 53,246 21,319 9,979 239,659 64,747 339,957 224,320 92,831 190,481 517,225 178,897 540,417

Hardwood:

Black cottonwood — — — 222 119 — 209 239 — 431 348 —Oregon white oak 86 94 — — — — 46 43 — 132 138 —Quaking aspen — — — 3,416 232 — 849 381 — 4,265 613 —Total 86 94 — 3,638 351 — 1104 654 — 4,828 1099 —

All species 53,332 21,413 9,979 243,297 65,098 339,957 225,424 93,485 190,481 522,053 179,996 540,417

— = less than 500 board feet found.a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.b Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.
39

Table 29—Estimated changes in area of timberland outside of national forests, by

owner class, eastern Oregon, 1988, 1999a b

Other Forest Other All

Description of change public industry private owners

Thousand acres

Timberland area published in 1988 522 1,523 933 2,978

New estimate of timberland area for 1988,

Based on remeasured plot only 538 1,555 986 3,079

Adjustments to 1988 area:

Reclassification of Native American

ownership (public to private) -308 — 308 —

Access denied area

Not remeasured or projectedc — -20 -117 -137

Adjusted timberland area for 1988 230 1,535 1,177 2,942

Area change (1988-1999) owing to:

Changes in land class—

Timberland to rights-of-way -7 -13 — -20

Timberland to urban -11 — -19 -30

Nonforest to timberlandd 7 7 45 59

Other forest to timberland 8 15 — 23

Net change -3 9 26 32

Changes in ownership—

From other public — — — —

From forest industry 8 -8 — —

From other private 8 58 -66 —

Net change 16 50 -66 —

Timberland area in 1999,

based on remeasured plots only 242 1,594 1,137 2,973

Timberland area in 1999,

based on all sampled plots 236 1,603 1,105 2,945

— = less than 500 acres found.

a

 Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.

b

 Negative values are losses of timberland and positive values are gains in timberland. Losses are shown by

the 1984-86 owner and gains are shown by the 1999 owner.

c

 Acres from plots where access was denied and which were not projected.

d Includes 42,000 acres that changed because of plot design changes.
40Table 30—Estimated changes in net volume of growing-stock on timberland outside of national forests, by species group

and owner class, eastern Oregon, 1988, 1999a b c

Softwood species Hardwood species

Other Forest Other All Other Forest Other All

Description public industry private owners public industry private owners

 Million cubic feet

Volume published in 1988 1,307 2,017 1,503 4,713 3 7 13 22Estimate of 1988 volume

based on remeasured plots only 1,210 1,770 1,272 4,252 4 6 14 24

Adjustments to 1986 volume:

Reclassification of Native AmericanOwnership (public to private) -832 — 832 — — — — —Access deniedNot remeasured or projectedd — -35 -162 -197 — — — —

Adjusted volume for 1988 378 1,735 1,942 4,055 5 6 14 24

Volume changes due to:

Changes in land class—

Timberland to nonforest -42 -27 -23 -92 — — — —Nonforest to timberlande 25 22 41 88 — — — —

Net change -17 -5 18 -4 — — — —

Changes in owner—

From other public — — — — — — — —From forest industry 4 -4 — — 3 -3 — —From other private 8 65 -73 — — — — —

Net change 12 61 -73 — 3 -3 — —

Growth, mortality, and harvest—

Periodic gross growth 124 598 495 1,217 4 1 5 10Periodic mortality -26 -117 -154 -297 -1 — -2 -3Periodic removals -27 -812 -421 -1,260 — — — —

Net change 71 -331 -80 -340 3 1 3 7

Total volume in 1999,

based on remeasured plots only 444 1,454 1,803 3,702 8 5 18 31

Total volume in 1999

based on all sample plots 420 1,550 1,824 3,795 8 8 15 31

— = less than 500,000 cubic feet found.a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.b Includes growing-stock trees 5.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.c Negative values are losses of timberland and positive values are gains of timberland.d Growing-stock volume from the 1988 inventory that was on access-denied land that was not projected.e Includes updates of owner or land class assigned to a plot in 1988.
41

Table 31—Estimated changes in net volume of sawtimber on timberland outside of national forests, by species group andowner class, eastern Oregon, 1988, 1999a b c

Softwood species Hardwood species

Other Forest Other All Other Forest Other All

Description public industry private owners public industry private owners

 Million board feet, Scribner rule

Volume published in 1988 5,600 7,594 5,095 18,289 — 13 16 30Estimate of 1988 volume

based on remeasured plots only 5,127 6,450 4,620 16,197 — 9 22 31

Adjustments to 1986 volume:

Reclassification of Native AmericanOwnership (public to private) -3,636 — 3,636 — — — — —Access deniedNot remeasured or projectedd — -155 -593 -748 — — — —

Adjusted volume for 1988 1,491 6,292 7,663 15,449 — 9 22 31

Volume changes owing to:

Changes in land class—Timberland to nonforest -126 -136 -88 -350 — — — —Nonforest to timberlande 147 70 180 397 — — — —

Net change 21 -66 92 47 — — — —

Changes in owner—

From other public — — — — — — — —From forest industry 19 -19 — — 4 -4 — —From other private 23 229 -252 — — — — —

Net change 42 210 -252 — 4 -4 — —

Growth, mortality, and harvest—

Periodic gross growth 538 2,419 2,183 5,140 2 5 13 20Periodic mortality -102 -337 -528 -967 -1 — — -1Periodic removals -109 -3,468 -1,809 -5,385 — — — —

Net change 327 -1,386 -154 -1,212 1 5 13 19

Total volume in 1999,

based on remeasured plots only 1,881 5,051 7,346 14,278 6 10 34 50

Total volume in 1999

based on all sample plots 1,798 5,453 7,528 14,779 6 22 40 67

— = less than 500,000 board feet found.a Totals may be off because of rounding; data subject to sampling error.b Includes softwood sawtimber trees 9.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger and hardwood sawtimber trees 11.0 inches in d.b.h. and larger.c Negative values are losses of timberland and positive values are gains of timberland.d Sawtimber volume from the 1988 inventory that was on access-denied land that was not projectede Includes updates of owner or land class assigned to a plot in 1988.
42

Table 32—Timber harvest volume by year and owner class, eastern Oregon,

1962 to 2000

National Other All

Year forest BLM Private public owners

Thousand board feet, Scribner rule

1962 852,700 19,547 594,821 1,380 1,468,448

1963 966,700 21,456 561,068 5,575 1,554,799

1964 1,064,700 22,756 635,467 2,477 1,725,400

1965 1,181,800 11,571 656,107 13,857 1,863,335

1966 1,089,900 42,559 666,340 3,783 1,802,582

1967 1,133,900 27,311 578,027 1,360 1,740,598

1968 1,182,548 39,307 717,585 2,869 1,942,309

1969 1,230,907 26,326 791,521 8,757 2,057,511

1970 1,017,762 23,291 740,612 2,397 1,784,062

1971 1,147,075 35,768 930,701 2,875 2,116,419

1972 1,319,580 33,961 784,993 10,158 2,148,692

1973 1,237,425 45,891 654,524 9,742 1,947,582

1974 1,178,107 25,666 958,359 9,423 2,171,555

1975 1,151,508 16,662 835,393 0 2,003,563

1976 1,257,108 29,403 679,472 8,056 1,974,039

1977 1,123,840 39,060 641,383 6,666 1,810,949

1978 1,191,396 24,660 606,507 4,003 1,826,566

1979 998,422 32,590 545,576 4,850 1,581,438

1980 836,395 15,818 677,712 4,937 1,534,862

1981 795,876 14,602 570,967 5,849 1,387,294

1982 736,877 12,242 715,460 7,582 1,472,161

1983 1,202,214 38,021 671,860 15,442 1,927,537

1984 1,283,996 39,841 329,538 5,859 1,659,234

1985 1,401,873 16,209 514,193 4,748 1,937,023

1986 1,528,419 24,634 518,138 15,607 2,086,798

1987 1,366,157 45,164 588,899 11,291 2,011,511

1988 1,249,876 39,848 602,512 694 1,892,930

1989 1,368,712 37,808 765,787 15,390 2,187,697

1990 1,001,303 49,806 634,308 6,862 1,692,279

1991 1,068,605 54,459 728,749 5,124 1,856,937

1992 785,918 13,102 924,660 1,167 1,724,847

1993 685,830 22,557 827,654 6,766 1,542,807

1994 340,074 8,620 737,902 5,204 1,091,800

1995 317,565 14,355 600,399 8,828 941,147

1996 211,554 34,854 581,163 3,754 831,325

1997 318,707 8,963 581,540 1,433 910,643

1998 199,927 10,743 617,483 2,740 830,893

1999 141,964 9,456 598,419 5,723 775,562

2000 140,083 3,290 491,504 11,886 646,763

Source: Oregon Timber Harvest Reports, Oregon Department of Forestry.
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