# Protocol for the Application of the **CALPUFF Model for BART Analyses at TVA Paradise Fossil Plant** 

**July 2**  **8 , 2006**  **Tennessee Valley Authority**

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## Table of Contents

I. Introduction II. BART Anal ys is Methodology III. Locations of Paradise Fossil Plant and Nearby Class IAreas IV . Paradise Fossil Plant (PAF) Stack Characteristics and Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Emission Inventory V. Visibility

Calculations VI . Modeling Report VI I . References Appendix A. Recommendations for CALPUFF Appendix B. Locations of Receptors at Mammoth Cave National Park and Mingo Wilderness Area Appendix C. Default Natural Extinction and Deciview Values for Mandatory Class I Areas within 300 km of PAF .

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## I. **Introduction** Guidelines for Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) evaluations have been issued b y the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Federal Register ( 70 FR 39104 - 39172). A BART determination is required for any eligible source that “emits any air pollutant which may reasonabl y be anticipated to cause or contribute to any impairment of visibility” within any of the 156 mandatory

Class I federal areas. A source is considered to cause visibility impairment if it is responsible for a 1.0 deciview (dv) change in visibility ; it is considered to contribute to visibility impairment if it is responsible for a 0.5 dv change in visibility . Major stationary

s ources are BART - eligible if they meet three criteria: (1) Potential to emit at least 250 tons per ye ar of a visibility- impairing pollutant . (2) “Commenced construction” as of August 7, 1977, but not in operation more than 15 ye ars (August 7, 1962) . (3) Belong to one of the 26 listed source categories in the guidance. If an eligible source is c oncluded to be subject to BART, determination of the appropriate control alternative must consider the following statutory factors: ( 1) existing controls (2) cost ( 3) energy

and non - air environmental impacts (4) remaining useful life of the source ( 5) degree of visibility

improvement expected from the application of controls This protocol (hereinafter described as “the protocol”) describes the procedures that will be used to conduct the air quality modeling portion of the BART determination for Paradise Fossil Plant (PAF), an electric generating facility owned and operated b y the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The CALPUFF model and its meteorological model, CALMET, have been adopted by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a Gui deline Model for source - receptor distances greater than 50 km, and for use on a case -by- case basis in complex flow situations for shorter distances (68 FR 18440 - 18482). CALPUFF is recommended for Class I impact assessments by the Federal Land Managers Wor kgroup (FLAG 2000) and the Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM) (U. S. EPA, 1998). The main components of CALPUFF include (1) CALMET, a diagnostic meteorological model that is used to drive CALPUFF. (2) CALPUFF, a non - steady- state Lagrangian puff transport and dispersion model that advects Gaussian puffs of multiple pollutants from modeled sources. (3) Postprocessing programs, including POSTUTIL and CALPOST. POSTUTIL includes options for summing contributions of individual sources or groups of sources to assess cumulative impacts. It also contains CALPUFF’s nitric acid-

### 4 nitrate chemical equilibrium module, which allows the cumulative effects of ammonia consumption by background sources to be assessed in the postprocessor. In addition, the combination of CALPUFF and POSTUTIL allows the effects of source emissions of ammonia to be incrementally added to background ammonia levels when determining nitrate formation. The VISTAS Regional Planning Organization (RPO) has developed a protocol for the applic ation of the CALPUFF model for anal ys is of BART (VI STAS, 2006). Common procedures have been developed in the VISTAS BART protocol that are consistent with guidelines of the Environmental Protection Agency in 40 CFR Part 51 Appendix W and Appendix Y. TVA will follow the VI STAS protocol in conducting the BART analyses for PAF. **II. BART Analysis Methodology**  A special version of CALPUFF has been developed for BART modeling for sources within the VI STAS region. This version , consisting of CALMET Version 5.7 and CALPUFF Version 5.754 , will be used for the PAF BART evaluation. The general steps that will be used to conduct the PAF BART modeling are shown in Figure 1.

**Figure 1.** Steps in BART determination. (Figure is taken from the VISTAS BART protocol). The first step is to determine if PAF is subject to BART. For the initial exemption modeling, a 12 - km grid that covers the entire VI STAS region will be used. Change in visibility across all receptors in the Class Iarea will be compared to the threshold of 0.5 dv. If the highest 24 -hour average value is less than 0.5 dv, PAF is not subject to BART.

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If the highest 24 -hour average value is greater than 0.5 dv, refined exemption modeling will be conducted. This modeling will use a subregional 4 - km grid (VISTAS domain #3). The change in visibility

will be calculated for the 8 th 

### highest day in each year or the 22 nd 

### highest day in the 3 - ye ar period, whichever is more conservative, and will be compared to the modeled results. If the change is greater than 0.5 dv at any receptors in the Class I area , then BART determination modeling will be conducted for PAF. Earth Tech, Inc. has produced ye arl y CALMET files for the 12 - km and 4 - km grids for the years 2001, 2002 and 2003. These fil es will be used in the CALPUFF modeling for PAF. The domains for the two grids are shown in Figure 2. Specific CALPUFF options that will be used for PAF BART modeling include : (1) As directed b y KYDAQ, emissions of (sulfur dioxide) SO 2 

### and (nitrogen oxides ) NO X 

### will not be modeled, since EPA has concluded that CAIR = BART for SO 2 

### and NO X 

### emissions from electric generating units (EGUs). (2) Primary

PM 10 

### and PM 2.5 

### emissions in six size categories will be modeled. The six size categories are: < 0.625 μm, 0.625 - 1.0 μm, 1.0 - 1.25 μm, 1.25 - 2.5 μm, 2.5 - 6.0 μm and 6 - 10 μm. The details of how the emissions were calculated are presented in section IV of this protocol and in the accompanying spreadsheet PAF_CY05_BART.xls. (3) Emissions of SO 4 

### will be included. Emissions of HNO 3 

### and NO 3 

### will not be included , since TVA has not been able to locate accepted emissions factors for these two species from EGUs. (4) Ammonia emissions will not be modeled since PAF is not one of the few sources in the VI STAS region that has ammonia emissions high enough to be considered as visibility- impairing. (5) The MESOPUFF II chemical transformation scheme will be used. (6) In CALPUFF, ozone data can be provided b y a file of ambient concentrations. Earth Tech, Inc. has provided yearl y files of ambient ozone concentrations for the VI STAS region. The SUBDOMN program in CALPUFF will be used to produce the background ozone data files that are input into CALPUFF. (7) A constant value of 0.5 ppb will be used for ambient ammonia concentrations. (The VI STAS BART protoc ol originall y recommended that ammonia concentrations derived from CMAQ modeling runs be used, but this recommendation was changed). (8) The Pasquill - Gifford dispersion method (MDISP=3) will be selected. (The VI STAS protocol originally recommended using turbulent-based dispersion coefficients, but VI STAS changed this recommendation at the request of EPA). (9) Puff splitting will not be used; integrated puff sampling methodology will be used, as recommended in the VISTAS protocol. (10) The ammonia- limiting method (ALM) will not be used for the initial modeling runs that are conducted on the 12 - km grid, but will be used for the 4 - km fine - grid modeling.

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(1 1 ) CALPOST contains several options for calculating visibility . Method 6, which uses monthly average RH for calculating extinction, will be used. (1 2 ) Visibility

calculations will be computed using the original IMPROVE algorithm. (1 3 ) The Rayleigh scattering term in the visibility equation will not be site - specific; a value of 10 Mm - 1 

### will be used at all Class Iareas. (1 4 ) Changes in deciviews at the Class Iareas will be calculated with respect to the annual average for each Class Iarea. According to comments provided KYDAQ to TVA, use of the annual average haze index value will be accepted b y EPA and by KYDAQ. Tables will be provided that show (1) The number of receptors within a single Class I area with impact > 0.5 dv. (2) The number of days at all receptors in the Class I area with impact > 0.5 dv. (3) The number of Class I areas with impacts > 0.5 dv. Visibility imp acts will be calculated for the Class I areas that are located within 300 km of PAF.

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## II**I .**  **Locations of Paradise Fossil Plant and Nearby Class I Areas**  Paradise Fossil Plant is located in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky . Two Class I areas are located within 300 km : Mammoth Cave National Park (MACA) and Mingo Wilderness Area (MING). The locations of the PAF stacks, the two class I areas that are within 300 km, and the VISTAS 12 - km and 4 - km grid for domain 3 are shown in Figure 2 . Stack location and dispersion parameters (stack height and exit diameter, and stack- exit flue - gas velocity and temperature) as listed in the PAF Title V permit app lication were included in the BART emission inventory . These locations are provided in both latitude/longitude and UTM coordinates, and are shown in Table 1 . They

were converted to the Lambert Conformal grid coordinates (LCC) using the COORD module of CALPUFF; the LCC coordinates are also provided in Table 1 . The locations of the Class Iareas are presented in Tabl e 2 . Locations in longitude and latitude were taken from http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/DatawareHouse/IMPROVE/Data/ AEROSOL/Help/IMPROVELocTable.txt except for Joyce Kilmer

– Slickrock. (JOYC). The location of JOYC was taken from: Table A - 3 Monthly Site - Specific f(RH) Values for Each Mandatory

Federal Class IArea, Based on the Centroid of the Area (Supplemental Information) from Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Re gi onal Haze Rule. The CALPUFF module COORDS was used to convert the locations to Lambert Conformal coordinates appropriate for the VISTAS 12 - km grid. Distances between the PAF stacks and the Class Iareas were calculated from the Lambert Conformal coordinates. The di stances are also presented in Table 2 .

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**Figure 2 .**  Lo cation of TVA’s Paradise Fossil Plant and Class IAreas Within 300 Km (Mammoth Cave National Park (MACA) and Mingo Wilderness Area (MING)). The red box shows the VI STAS 12 - km domain, and the green box shows the VI STAS domain #3, the 4 - km subdomain that will be used in BART modeling for PAF.

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**Table 1 . Location of Paradise Fossil Plant**  **Unit State**  **Lo ngitude**  **Latitude UTM**  **LCC for 12**  **- km grid**  **Easting Northing**  **Zone Easting**  **Northing** 1 KY 86.9785 37.2609 501.91 4123.61 16 880.54402 254.29429 2 KY 86.9789 37.2604 501.87 4123.56 16 880.5151 254.35314 3 KY 86.9799 37.2597 501.78 4123.48 16 880.43611 25 4.43979

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**Table 2 . Distances between Paradise Fossil Plant and Class I Areas.** 

**Class I Area State**  **Location of Class I Areas Distance from PAF to**  **Class I Area Name**  **Abbre. Longitude** * **Latitude*** **Easting Northing**  **(km) (LCC)**  **(LCC) PA** **F1 PA** **F2 PA** **F3** Caney Creek CACR AR 94.1429 34.4543 261.28 - 609.62 713.97 713.91 713.80 Cohutta Wilderness COHU TN - GA 84.6263 34.7852 1123.28 - 500.44 345.70 345.68 345.67 Dolly Sods DOSO WV 79.4263 39.107 1498.40 46.59 687.22 687.27 687.38 Great Smoky Mountains GRSM TN 83.9417 35.6334 1171.55 - 398.72 324.87 324.87 324.90 Hercules Glades HEGL MS 92.8781 36.6713 365.74 - 359.83 525.51 525.47 525.37 Jefferson/ James River Face JEFF/

JARI VA 79.5125 37.6266 1522.45 - 115.51 656.73 656.77 656.87 Joyce Kilmer- Slickrock JOY C TN -NC 83.9900 35.4400 1170.30 -420.55 334.06 334.06 334.09 Linville Gorge LIGO NC 81.9331 35.9722 1344.02 - 333.85 470.25 470.27 470.33 Mammoth Cave MACA KY 86.1477 37.1315 954.91 -260.13 74.60 74.62 74.69 Mingo MING MS 90.1432 36.9717 605.54 - 312.03 281.00 280.96 280.87 Shenandoah SHEN VA 78.4347 38.5229 1594.90 0.1555 758.32 758.37 758.47 Shining Rock SHRO NC 82.7743 35.3937 1279.60 -409.23 428.08 428.09 428.13 Sipsey SIPS AL 87.3388 34.3433 883.30 - 579.05 324.76 324.71 324.62 Upper Buffalo UPB U AR 93.2029 35.8259 340.85 -454.60 575.67 575.62 575.52 

### * Lo cations taken from: http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/DatawareHouse/IMPROVE/Data/AEROSOL/Help/IMPROVELocTable.txt except for JOYC. JOYC location taken from: Table A- 3 Monthly Site - Specific f(RH) Values for Each Mandatory Federal Class I Area, Based on the Centroid of the Area (Supplemental Information) from Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule.

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## IV. **Paradise Fossil Plant (PAF) Stack Characteristics and**  **Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Emission Inventory**  **Source Description** TVA’s PAF is located on the western bank of the Green River in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky . The plant has three cyclone - furnace coal - fired boilers (Units 1 - 3) that are eligible under Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) requirements. The PAF Title V permit application listed boiler maximum heat- input capacities as 6,959 x 10 6 

### Btu/hr each for Units 1 and 2 and 11,457 x 10 6 

### Btu/hr for Unit 3 . Venturi - ty

pe wet- limestone flue - gas - desulfurization (FGD) scrubbers reduce SO 2 

### and particulate - matter (PM) emissions from PAF Units 1 and 2, and a double - contact- flow FGD scrubber is scheduled to begin operations on PAF Unit 3 in 2006 for SO 2 

### removal. Unit 3 also has an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for PM removal, and all three units have ammonia-based selective - catal ytic -reduction (SCR) reactors to reduce NO x 

### emissi ons. Stack location and dispersion parameters (stack height and exit diameter, and stack- exit flue - gas velocity and temperature) as listed in the PAF Title V permit application were included in the BART emission inventory . All stacks currently in service for PAF coal - fired boilers were built before 12 - 31 - 1970 (Title V Permit Application for Paradise Fossil Plant). Consequently, Good Engineering Practice (GEP) requirements do not apply to these stacks, per Section 123 of the Clean Air Act. Unit- specific stack characteristics for the units at PAF are presented in Table 3. **Emission Estimates** Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) control requirements are deemed equivalent to BART for SO 2 

### and NO x 

### emissions from electric generating units (EGU). Consequently, th e Kentucky Division for Air Quality

(KYDAQ) agreed that the PAF BART emission inventory need onl y include PM with particle sizes less than or equal to 10 micrometers nominal aerodynam ic diameter (PM 10 

### ) ( Luther, Martin, Kentucky Division for Air Quality

(KYDAQ), e - mail to J.T. Waddell, TVA, 7/3/2006 ). Primary PM emissions consist of filterable PM (PM_fil) plus condensable PM (PM_cond). PM_fil emissions from coal - fired boilers consist mostly of fl y ash plus some unburned elemental carbon (EC); PM_cond emiss ions include sulfur trioxide (SO 3 

### )/sulfuric acid (H 2 

### SO 4 

### ) and organic components. The KYD AQ regulatory PM emission limit applicable to PAF (0.11 lb/10 6 

### Btu) is ba sed on EPA Reference Method 5B (Kentucky Administrative Regulation (KAR) 61:015, Sec. 4(1) ; Co de of Federal Regulations , Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A - 3, Method 5B). This method captures filterable PM using a glass - fiber filter maintained at 320 +/- 25 degrees F, well above the SO 3 

### /H 2 

### SO 4 

### dew point for most coal - fired flue gases, so PM_cond emissions pass through the filter in the gas phase. PM_cond emissions may be measured using impingers in the “back half”

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of a Method 5B sampling train, but TVA demonstrates compliance with its PM emission limit using standard Method 5B stack tests that exclude P M_cond emissions. **Filterable PM** BART - inventory

PM_fil emissions were estimated for each PAF unit by multiplying the Title V maximum heat- input capacity times the average of 2001 - 2005 Method 5B coal - fired stack- test measurements (in lb/10 6 

### Btu) . TVA believes that this approach best represents a 24 -hour maximum hourly

PM emission rate, which is suggested by the EPA BART Guidelines, for the period of meteorological data to be modeled. PAF Unit 1 sample calculations are contained in the “calcs” worksheet of the Excel file “PAF_CY05_BART.xls”. Particle - size speciation of PM_fil emissions was derived from AP - 42 particle - size distributions for cyclone furnaces burning bituminous c oal with ESP PM controls, using guidance listed on the National Park Service (NPS) website (US EPA, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP - 42), Vol. I, 5th Edition, Supplement E, Section 1.1, Bituminous & Subbituminous Coal Combustion, 9 - 98 ; NPS website (http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/permits/ect/ectCoalFiredBoiler.cfm) , including Excel file "2006FinalCycloneFurnaceESPpm SpeciationProfile.xls"). No distributions were listed for cyclone furnaces with FGD controls. PAF Units 1 - 2 are able to meet the applicable PM emission limits without ESP since the venturi FGD scrubbers also serve as PM control systems. The AP - 42 particle - size distribution for cyclone furnaces with ESP PM controls is deemed to be most appropriate for PAF Units 1 - 2. Unburned e lemental carbon (EC) contained in the fly ash was presumed to constitute a nominal 3.7% of filterable PM emissions smaller than 2.5 micrometers nominal aerody namic diameter (PM 2.5

### _fil) (US EPA, Draft "Catalog of Global Emissions Inventories and Emission Inventory Tools for Bl ack Carbon" ). The EC component was assigned entirel y to the smallest CALPUFF particle - size range (sub - 0.625 micrometer), per NPS guidance (NPS website (http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/permits/ect/ ectCoalFiredBoiler.cfm) , including Excel file "2006FinalCycloneFurnaceESPpm Speciation Profile.xls"). **Condensable PM** AP - 42 emission factors were used to estimate organic PM_cond emissions (US EPA, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP - 42), Vol. I, 5th Edition, Supplement E, Section 1.1, Bituminous & Subbituminous Coal Combustion, 9 - 98 ). The PM_cond organic fraction (20%) listed for coal - fired boilers without FGD was applied to units with FGD, per NPS guidance (NPS website (http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/permits/ect/ ectCoalFiredBoiler.cfm) , including Excel file "2006FinalCycloneFurnaceESPpm SpeciationProfile.xls"). SO 3 

### /H2 

### SO 4 

### PM_cond emissions for PAF Units 1 - 2 were estimated using annual - average emission factors deriv ed from 2005 stack- test results evaluating PAF Unit 2 SO 3 

### /H 2 

### SO 4 

### emissions with in - service and by passed SCR reactors, apportioned ac cording to CY05 SCR operations ( Thompson, M. A., “PAF U2 Opacity Reduction Testing Final Report1.doc”).

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SO 3 

### /H 2 

### SO 4 

### emissions from PAF Unit 3 were estimated using the Hardman - Stacy- Dismukes H2SO4 study

(Hardman, R. Stacy

and E. Dismukes, “Estimating Sulfuric Acid Aerosol Emission s from Coal - Fired Power Plants” ). Details are given in the “H2SO4” worksheet of the Excel file “PAF_CY05_BART.xls”.

### 14 **Table 3 .**  **Unit -**  **Specific Stack Characteristics of Paradise Fossil Plant Unit**  **Stack Height Base Elevation**  **Diameter Gas Exit Velocity**  **Stack Gas Exit Temperature**  **ft m**  **ft m**  **ft m**  **ft/s m/s**  **deg F deg K**  1 600 182.88 422 128.63 26.0 7.92 72.6 22.12 125 324.82 2 600 182.88 422 128.63 26.0 7.92 72.6 22.12 125 324.82 3 800 243.84 422 128.63 26.79 8.17 134 40.70 327 437.04

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## V. **Visibility Calculations** The “old” IMPROVE algorithm for calculating light extinction is given as: bext = 3 f(RH) [(NH4)2SO4] + 3 f(RH) [NH4NO3] + 4[OC ] + 1[Soil

] + + 0.6[Coarse Mass] + 10[EC] + bRay (1 ) The concentrations, in square brackets, are in μg/m3 and bext is in units of Mm - 1. The Rayleigh scattering term (bRay) has a value of 10 Mm - 1, as recommended in EPA guidance for tracking reasonable progress (EPA, 2003a). The haze index (HI) is calculated from the extinction coefficient vi a the following formula: HI = 10 ln (bext/10) (2 ) Various refinements have been suggested in the VI STAS BART protocol, such as adding a sea salt term and increasing the factor used to calculate the mass of particulate organic matter (OC) from organic carbon measurements. However, the methodology described in this protocol will not use any of the suggested refinements. CALPOST contains several different opti ons for calculating visibility . Method 6, which uses monthly average RH for calculating extinction, will be used, as recommended in EPA’s BART guidance (70 FR 39162). The monthly average RH and fRH values for MACA and MING are presented in Table 4 . Visibility calculations will be computed using the original IMPROVE algorithm for the two Class Iareas which are located within 300 km of PAF (MACA and MING). The Rayleigh scattering term in the visibility equation will not be site - specific; a value of 10 Mm - 1 

### will be used at both Class Iareas. Changes in deciviews at the Class Iareas will be calculated with respect to the annual average for each Class I area. According to comments provided KYDAQ to TVA, use of the annual average haze index value will b e accepted b y EPA and by KYDAQ. The annual averaged deciview data are presented in Appendix C. These data were obtained from http://vista.cira.colostate.edu/views/Web/IMPROVE/SummaryData.aspx . Tables will be provided that show (1) The number of receptors within a single Class I area with impact > 0.5 dv. (2) The number of days at all receptors in the Class I area with impact > 0.5 dv. (3) The number of Class I areas with impacts > 0. 5 dv.

### 16 **Ta ble 4**  **. Monthly f(RH) Values for Class I Areas Within 300 Km of Paradise Fossil Plant.** 

**Class I Area State**  **Site Code**  **fRH**

**Jan Feb**  **Mar Apr**  **May Jun**  **Jul Aug**  **Sept Oct**  **Nov Dec**  Mammoth Cave KY MACA 3. 4 3.1 2. 9 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.4 3. 2 3.5 Mingo MO MING 3. 3 3.0 2.8 2.6 3.0 3. 2 3. 3 3. 5 3. 5 3.1 3.1 3. 3 Source : EPA 2003, Table A- 3.

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## VI. **Modeling Report and Quality Control of CALPUFF**  The Results section of the PAF BART report will contain the following information: 1. A map of source location and Class Iareas within 300 km of the source. 2. For the VI STAS 12 - km CALPUFF initial exemption modeling domain, a table listing all Class Iareas in the VISTAS domain and those in neighboring states and impacts at those Class I areas within 300 km of the source will be provided. 3. A discussion will be included of the number of Class Iareas with visibility impairment from the source on 98th percentile days in each year greater than 0.5 dv (total visibility impairment minus annual average impairment equals delta - dv, the visibility impact attributed to the source). 4. For the Class I area with the maximum impact, discussion of the number of days below the 98th percentile that the impact of the source exceeds 0.5 dv, the number of receptors in the Class I area where the impact exceeds 0.5 dv, and the maximum impact. 5. For finer grid CALPUFF exemption modeling, results for those Class I areas for which impacts of the source exceeded 0.5 dv in the 12 - km initial exemption modeling. The sam e results as provided for 12 - km initial exemption modeling will be reported. 6. If control option modeling is required , each control option tested will be listed in tabular format. For each control option and for each Class I area where the impact of the source exceeded 0.5 dv, the change in pollutant emissions and the change in visibility impact from the source as a result of the control option will be reported. The effectiveness of candidate control options will be compared to each other, not to a sp ecific target improvement. 7. Copies of all input files and input data in electronic format for the CALMET, CALPUFF, CALPOST and POSTUTIL runs will be archived and provided to the State. Quality assurance is an important part of the BART modeling proces s. The following steps will be taken with respect to quality assurance. 1. The locations of PAF stacks and the Class I areas will be calculated in COORDS using the same datum as specified in the BART setup file provided by Earth Tech, Inc. 2. The values of CALPUFF input variables will be checked against the recommended values that are provided in Appendix B of the IWAQM report. 3. The following CALPOST inputs will be carefull y checked: A. Visibility

technique (Method 6 in the common VI STAS protocol). B. Monthly

Class I - specific relative humidity factors for Method 6 . C. Background light extinction values . D. Inclusion of all appropriate species from modeled sources (e.g., sulfate, nitrate, organics, (as SOA), coarse and fine particulate matter and elemental carbon. E. Appropriate species names for coarse PM used. F. Extinction efficiencies for each species . G. Appropriate Rayleigh scattering term (10 Mm - 1 ) . H. Screen to select appropriate Class I receptors for each CALPOST simulation.

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## VI. **References** Code of Federal Regulations , Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A - 3, Method 5B. FLAG, 2000. Federal Land Managers’ Air Quality Related Values Wor

kgroup (FLAG). Phase I Report. U. S. Forest Service, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Hardman , R. Stacy

and E. Dismukes, "Estimating Sulfuric Acid Aerosol Emissions from Coal - Fired Power Plants". Paper presented at US DOE - FETC Conference on Formation, Distribution, Impact, & Fate of Sulfur Trioxide in Utility Flue Gas Streams, Pittsburgh, PA, 3 - 98 ; latest update by K.E. Harrison, L.S. Monroe, and J.E. Cichanowicz, 10 - 05 (renamed "Estimating Total Sulfuric Acid Emissions from Stationary Power Plants: Revision 3 (2005)"). Kentucky Administrative Regulation (KAR) 61:015, Sec. 4(1). Luther, Martin, Kentucky Division for Air Quality

(KYDAQ), e - mail to J.T. Waddell, TVA, 7/3/2006. Markham , W. C., Excel file "Current Particulate Test Reports Updated 02032006.xls" in 2 - 8 - 06 e mail to J.D. Lokey . National Park Service website (http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/permits/ect/ ectCoalFiredBoiler.cfm), including Excel file "2006FinalCycloneFurnace ESPpmSpeciationProfile.xls". Thompson, M. S., "PAF U2 Opacity Reduction Testing Final Report1.doc," 4 - 8 - 05, Word file downloaded 5 - 25 - 05 from TVA Fossil Power Group (FPG) Air, Gas, Water, & Yard (AGWY) Systems' SO3 Mitigation website (TVA Intranet). Title V permit application for Paradise Fossil Plant, submitted to KYDAQ 12 - 3 - 1996. U. S . Environmental Protection Agency, “ Guidelines for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the Regional Haze Rule ”, Sept. 2003, EPA - 454/B - 03 - 005. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Draft "Catalog of Global Emissions Inventories and Emission Inventory

Tools for Black Carbon", Jan. 2002, as cited in "Particulate Speciation Profiles for Selected Source Ty

pes" posted 3 - 16 - 06 on VISTAS website and in NPS website (note 7). U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998: Phase 2 Summary Report and Recommendations for Modeling Long Range Transport and Impacts. Interagency Workgroup on Air Quality Modeling (IWAQM). EPA - 454/R- 98 - 019, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP - 42), Vol. I , 5th Edition, Supplement E, Section 1.1, Bituminous & Subbituminous Coal Combustion, 9 - 98.

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Visibility Improvement State and Tribal Association of the Southeast (VI STAS), 2006: Protocol for the Application of the CALPUFF Model for Analyses of Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART), Revision 2, http://vistas - sesarm.org/BART/BART M odelingProtocol_rev2_9Mar2006.pdf .

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## Appendix A **. Recommendations for CALPUFF** (Taken from Appendix B, Environmental Protection Agency, 1 998: Phase 2 Summary Report and Recommendations for Modeling Long Range Transport and Impacts. Interagency Workgrou

p on Air Quality

Modeling (IWAQM). EPA - 454/R- 98 - 019, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC ). **Variable Description**  **Value** METFM Format of input meteorology (1 = CALMET) 1 AVET Averaging time lateral dispersion parameters 60 (minutes) MGAUSS Near- field vertical distribution (1 = Gaussian) 1 MCTADJ Terrain adjustments to plume path (3 = Plume path) 3 MCTSG Do we have subgrid hills? (0 = No), allows

CTDM - like treatment for subgrid scale hills 0 MSLUG Near- field puff treatment (0 = No slugs) 0 MTRANS Model transitional plume rise? (1 = Yes) 1 MTIP Treat stack tip downwash? (1 = Yes) 1 MSHEAR Treat vertical wind shear? (0 = No) 0 MSPLIT Allow puffs to split? (0 = No) 0 MCHEM MESOPUFF - II Chemistry? (1 = Yes) 1 MWET Model wet deposition? (1 = Yes) 1 MDRY Model dry deposition? (1 = Yes) 1 MDI SP Method for dispersion coefficients (3 = PG & MP) 3 MTURBVW Turbulence characterization? (Only if MDISP = 1 3 or 5) MDI SP2 Backup coefficients (Only if MDI SP = 1 or 5) 3 MROUGH Adjust PG for surface roughness? (0 = No) 0 MPARTL Model partial plume penetration? (0 = No) 1 MTINV Elevated inversi on strength (0 = compute from 0

data) MPDF Use PDF for convective dispersion? (0 = No) 0 MSGTIBL Use TIBL module? (0 = No) allows treatment of 0

subgrid sc ale coastal areas MREG Regulatory default checks? (1 = Yes) 1 LSAMP Use gridded receptors? (T = Yes) F MESHDN Gridded recpetor spacing = DGRIDKM/MESHDN 1 ICON Output concentrations? (1 = Yes) 1 IDRY Output dry deposition flux? (1 = Yes) 1 IWET Output west deposition flux? (1 = Yes) 1 IV IS Output RH for visibility calculations (1 = Yes) 1 LCOMPRS Use compression option in output? (T = Yes) T ICPRT Print concentrations? (0 = No) 0

### 21

IDPRT Print dry deposition fluxes (0 = No) 0 IWPRT Print wet depos ition fluxes (0 = No) 0 IC FRQ Concentration print interval (1 = hourl y) 1 ID FRQ Dry

deposition flux print interval (1 = hourl y) 1 IWFRQ West deposition flux print interval (1 = hourl y) 1 IPRTU Print output units (1 = g/m**3; g/m**2/s) 1 IMESG Status m essages to screen? (1 = Yes) 1 LDEBUG Turn on debug tracking? (F = No) F RCUTR Reference cuticle resistance (s/cm) 30. RGR Reference ground resistance (s/cm) 10. REACTR Reference reactivity 8 NI NT Number of particle - size intervals 9 IVEG Vegetative s tate (1 = active and unstressed) 1 MOZ Ozone background? (1 = read from ozone.dat) 1 BCKO3 Ozone default (ppb) (Use only for missing data) 80 BCKNH3 Ammonia background (ppb) 10 RNITE1 Nighttime SO2 loss rate (%/hr) 0.2 RNITE2 Nighttime NOx loss rate (%/hr) 2 RNITE3 Nighttime HNO3 loss rate (%/hr) 2 SYTDEP Horizontal size (m) to switch to time dependence 550. MHFTSE Use Heffter for vertical dispersion? (0 = No) 0 JSUP PG Stability class above mixed layer 5 CONK1 Stable dispersion constant (Eq 2 .7 - 3) 0.01 CONK2 Neutral dispersion constant (Eq 2.7 - 4) 0.1 TBD Transition for downwash algorithms (0.5 = IS C) 0.5 IURB1 Beginning urban landuse ty pe 10 IURB2 Ending urban landuse type 19 XMXLEN Maximum slug length in units of DGRIDKM 1 XSAMLEN Maximum puff travel distance per sampling step 1 (units of DGRIDKM) MXNEW Maximum number of puffs per hour 99 MXSAM Maximum sampling steps per hour 99 SL2PF Maximum Sy /puff length 10 PLX0 Wind speed power- law exponents 0.07,0.07,0.10,0. 15,0.35,0.55 WSCAT Upper bounds 1st 5 wind speed classes (m/s) 1.54,3.09,5.14,8. 23.10.8 PGGO Potential temperature gradients PG E and F 0.020, 0.035 (deg/km) SYMI N Minimum lateral dispersion of new puff (m) 1.0 SZMIN Minimum vertical dispersion of new puff (m) 1.0 SVMI N Array

of minimum lateral turbulence (m/s) 6*0.50

### 22

SWMI N Array

of minimum vertical turbulence (m/s) 0.20, 0.12, 0.08, 0.06, 0.03, 0.016 CDIV Divergence criterion for dw/dz (1/s) 0.01 WSCALM Minimum non - calm wind speed (m/s) 0.5 XMAXZI Maximum mixing he ight (m) 3000 XMINZI Minimum mixing height (m) 50 PPC Plume path coefficients (only if MCTADJ = 3) 0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0. 35,0.35 NSPLIT Number of puffs when puffs split 3 ZISPLIT Previous hour’s mixing height (minimum), (m) 100 ROLDMAX Previous Max mixing height/current mixing

height ratio, must be less then this value to allow puff split 0.25 EPSSLUG Convergence criterion for slug sampling integration 1.0E - 04 EPSAREA Convergence criterion for area source integration 1.0E - 06 IPTU Units of emission rates (1 = g/s) 1 NSPT1 Number of point source - species combinations 0 NPT2 Number of point sources with fully variable emission rates 0

### 23



## Appendix B **. Locations of Receptors at Mammoth Cave National Park and Mingo Wilderness Area**  **Locations of Recept ors at Mammoth Cave National Park (MACA)**  **Longitude Latitude**  **Easting Northing**  **Elevation (LCC)**  **(LCC) (m)**  1 - 86.1375 37.12917 955.8382 -260.274 183 2 - 86.1292 37.12917 956.568 -260.187 213 3 - 86.1125 37.12917 958.0275 -260.011 244 4 - 86.1042 37.12917 958.7573 -259.923 244 5 - 86.0958 37.12917 959.487 -259.835 243 6 - 86.0875 37.12917 960.2168 -259.747 244 7 - 86.0792 37.12917 960.9465 -259.659 224 8 - 86.0708 37.12917 961.6762 -259.571 244 9 - 86.1542 37.1375 954.2688 -259.534 212 10 - 86.1458 37.1375 954.9985 -259.447 214 11 - 86.1375 37.1375 955.7282 -259.359 198 12 - 86.1292 37.1375 956.4579 -259.271 231 13 - 86.1208 37.1375 957.1876 -259.184 215 14 - 86.1125 37.1375 957.9173 -259.096 213 15 - 86.1042 37.1375 958.647 -259.008 244 16 - 86.095 8 37.1375 959.3767 -258.92 216 17 - 86.0875 37.1375 960.1063 -258.832 244 18 - 86.0792 37.1375 960.836 -258.744 244 19 - 86.0708 37.1375 961.5656 -258.656 244 20 - 86.0625 37.1375 962.2953 -258.568 213 21 - 86.0542 37.1375 963.0249 -258.479 213 22 - 86.154 2 37.14583 954.159 -258.619 181 23 - 86.1458 37.14583 954.8887 -258.531 189 24 - 86.1375 37.14583 955.6183 -258.444 210 25 - 86.1292 37.14583 956.3479 -258.356 183 26 - 86.1208 37.14583 957.0775 -258.268 184 27 - 86.1125 37.14583 957.8071 -258.181 185 28 - 86.1042 37.14583 958.5367 -258.093 244 29 - 86.0958 37.14583 959.2663 -258.005 239 30 - 86.0875 37.14583 959.9959 -257.917 244 31 - 86.0792 37.14583 960.7255 -257.829 215 32 - 86.0708 37.14583 961.455 -257.741 244 33 - 86.0625 37.14583 962.1846 -257.652 2 13 34 - 86.0542 37.14583 962.9141 -257.564 213 35 - 86.1542 37.15417 954.0493 -257.703 182 36 - 86.1458 37.15417 954.7788 -257.616 182 37 - 86.1375 37.15417 955.5084 -257.528 213 38 - 86.1292 37.15417 956.2379 -257.441 184 39 - 86.1208 37.15417 956.9674 -2 57.353 231 40 - 86.1125 37.15417 957.6969 -257.265 229 41 - 86.1042 37.15417 958.4265 -257.177 228 42 - 86.0958 37.15417 959.156 -257.089 237 43 - 86.0875 37.15417 959.8855 -257.001 213 44 - 86.0792 37.15417 960.6149 -256.913 213 45 - 86.0708 37.15417 961. 3444 -256.825 226

### 24 46 - 86.0625 37.15417 962.0739 -256.737 246 47 - 86.0542 37.15417 962.8033 -256.649 271 48 - 86.0458 37.15417 963.5328 -256.561 271 49 - 86.1625 37.1625 953.21 -256.876 151 50 - 86.1542 37.1625 953.9395 -256.788 185 51 - 86.1458 37.1625 9 54.669 -256.701 214 52 - 86.1375 37.1625 955.3984 -256.613 219 53 - 86.1292 37.1625 956.1279 -256.525 224 54 - 86.1208 37.1625 956.8573 -256.438 214 55 - 86.1125 37.1625 957.5868 -256.35 156 56 - 86.1042 37.1625 958.3162 -256.262 216 57 - 86.0958 37.1625 9 59.0456 -256.174 198 58 - 86.0875 37.1625 959.775 -256.086 213 59 - 86.0792 37.1625 960.5044 -255.998 244 60 - 86.0708 37.1625 961.2338 -255.91 244 61 - 86.0625 37.1625 961.9632 -255.822 237 62 - 86.0542 37.1625 962.6926 -255.734 219 63 - 86.0458 37.1625 9 63.4219 -255.645 261 64 - 86.1875 37.17083 950.9121 -256.222 196 65 - 86.1792 37.17083 951.6415 -256.135 215 66 - 86.1708 37.17083 952.371 -256.048 213 67 - 86.1625 37.17083 953.1003 -255.96 154 68 - 86.1542 37.17083 953.8297 -255.873 179 69 - 86.1458 37.1 7083 954.5591 -255.785 186 70 - 86.1375 37.17083 955.2885 -255.698 215 71 - 86.1292 37.17083 956.0179 -255.61 222 72 - 86.1208 37.17083 956.7472 -255.522 183 73 - 86.1125 37.17083 957.4766 -255.435 214 74 - 86.1042 37.17083 958.2059 -255.347 213 75 - 86.09 58 37.17083 958.9352 -255.259 234 76 - 86.0875 37.17083 959.6646 -255.171 244 77 - 86.0792 37.17083 960.3939 -255.083 242 78 - 86.0708 37.17083 961.1232 -254.995 213 79 - 86.0625 37.17083 961.8525 -254.907 227 80 - 86.0542 37.17083 962.5818 -254.818 211 8 1 - 86.0458 37.17083 963.3111 -254.73 244 82 - 86.1875 37.17917 950.8027 -255.307 205 83 - 86.1792 37.17917 951.532 -255.219 153 84 - 86.1708 37.17917 952.2614 -255.132 192 85 - 86.1625 37.17917 952.9907 -255.045 153 86 - 86.1542 37.17917 953.72 -254.957 15 2 87 - 86.1458 37.17917 954.4493 -254.87 213 88 - 86.1375 37.17917 955.1786 -254.782 203 89 - 86.1292 37.17917 955.9078 -254.695 215 90 - 86.1208 37.17917 956.6371 -254.607 152 91 - 86.1125 37.17917 957.3664 -254.519 152 92 - 86.1042 37.17917 958.0956 -254 .431 183 93 - 86.0958 37.17917 958.8249 -254.344 219 94 - 86.0875 37.17917 959.5541 -254.256 226 95 - 86.0792 37.17917 960.2834 -254.168 214 96 - 86.0708 37.17917 961.0126 -254.08 225 97 - 86.0625 37.17917 961.7418 -253.991 188 98 - 86.0542 37.17917 962.47 1 -253.903 217 99 - 86.2125 37.1875 948.5055 -254.653 198

### 25 100 - 86.2042 37.1875 949.2348 -254.566 213 101 - 86.1958 37.1875 949.964 -254.478 175 102 - 86.1875 37.1875 950.6933 -254.391 161 103 - 86.1792 37.1875 951.4225 -254.304 153 104 - 86.1708 37.1875 9 52.1518 -254.217 157 105 - 86.1625 37.1875 952.881 -254.129 174 106 - 86.1542 37.1875 953.6102 -254.042 199 107 - 86.1458 37.1875 954.3394 -253.955 152 108 - 86.1375 37.1875 955.0686 -253.867 152 109 - 86.1292 37.1875 955.7978 -253.779 152 110 - 86.1208 37 .1875 956.527 -253.692 182 111 - 86.1125 37.1875 957.2562 -253.604 168 112 - 86.1042 37.1875 957.9854 -253.516 202 113 - 86.0958 37.1875 958.7145 -253.428 183 114 - 86.0875 37.1875 959.4437 -253.34 183 115 - 86.0792 37.1875 960.1729 -253.252 195 116 - 86.0 708 37.1875 960.902 -253.164 213 117 - 86.0625 37.1875 961.6311 -253.076 243 118 - 86.0542 37.1875 962.3603 -252.988 244 119 - 86.2458 37.19583 945.4795 -254.084 213 120 - 86.2375 37.19583 946.2087 -253.998 202 121 - 86.2292 37.19583 946.9379 -253.911 158 122 - 86.2208 37.19583 947.6671 -253.824 183 123 - 86.2125 37.19583 948.3963 -253.737 215 124 - 86.2042 37.19583 949.1255 -253.65 198 125 - 86.1958 37.19583 949.8547 -253.563 187 126 - 86.1875 37.19583 950.5838 -253.476 177 127 - 86.1792 37.19583 951.313 -253.389 167 128 - 86.1708 37.19583 952.0422 -253.301 221 129 - 86.1625 37.19583 952.7713 -253.214 244 130 - 86.1542 37.19583 953.5004 -253.127 243 131 - 86.1458 37.19583 954.2296 -253.039 185 132 - 86.1375 37.19583 954.9587 -252.952 213 133 - 86.1292 37.19 583 955.6878 -252.864 183 134 - 86.1208 37.19583 956.4169 -252.776 225 135 - 86.1125 37.19583 957.146 -252.689 213 136 - 86.1042 37.19583 957.8751 -252.601 152 137 - 86.0958 37.19583 958.6042 -252.513 193 138 - 86.0875 37.19583 959.3333 -252.425 244 139 - 86.0792 37.19583 960.0623 -252.337 244 140 - 86.0708 37.19583 960.7914 -252.249 244 141 - 86.0625 37.19583 961.5204 -252.161 244 142 - 86.0542 37.19583 962.2495 -252.073 247 143 - 86.0458 37.19583 962.9785 -251.984 244 144 - 86.2542 37.20417 944.6415 -253. 256 183 145 - 86.2458 37.20417 945.3706 -253.169 150 146 - 86.2375 37.20417 946.0998 -253.082 153 147 - 86.2292 37.20417 946.8289 -252.996 185 148 - 86.2208 37.20417 947.558 -252.909 213 149 - 86.2125 37.20417 948.2871 -252.822 152 150 - 86.2042 37.20417 9 49.0162 -252.735 152 151 - 86.1958 37.20417 949.7453 -252.648 152 152 - 86.1875 37.20417 950.4744 -252.561 152 153 - 86.1792 37.20417 951.2035 -252.473 213

### 26 154 - 86.1708 37.20417 951.9326 -252.386 213 155 - 86.1625 37.20417 952.6616 -252.299 214 156 - 86.1 542 37.20417 953.3907 -252.211 244 157 - 86.1458 37.20417 954.1197 -252.124 230 158 - 86.1375 37.20417 954.8488 -252.036 232 159 - 86.1292 37.20417 955.5778 -251.949 213 160 - 86.1208 37.20417 956.3068 -251.861 223 161 - 86.1125 37.20417 957.0358 -251.773 156 162 - 86.1042 37.20417 957.7648 -251.686 191 163 - 86.0958 37.20417 958.4938 -251.598 223 164 - 86.0875 37.20417 959.2228 -251.51 226 165 - 86.0792 37.20417 959.9518 -251.422 228 166 - 86.0708 37.20417 960.6808 -251.334 224 167 - 86.0625 37.20417 961.4 098 -251.246 214 168 - 86.0542 37.20417 962.1387 -251.157 239 169 - 86.0458 37.20417 962.8677 -251.069 244 170 - 86.0375 37.20417 963.5966 250.981 - 181 171 - 86.0292 37.20417 964.3255 -250.893 190 172 - 86.2625 37.2125 943.8037 -252.427 168 173 - 86.2542 3 7.2125 944.5327 -252.34 177 174 - 86.2458 37.2125 945.2618 -252.254 140 175 - 86.2375 37.2125 945.9908 -252.167 189 176 - 86.2292 37.2125 946.7199 -252.08 152 177 - 86.2208 37.2125 947.4489 -251.993 152 178 - 86.2125 37.2125 948.178 -251.906 187 179 - 86.2 042 37.2125 948.907 -251.819 186 180 - 86.1958 37.2125 949.636 -251.732 177 181 - 86.1875 37.2125 950.365 -251.645 183 182 - 86.1792 37.2125 951.094 -251.558 170 183 - 86.1708 37.2125 951.823 -251.471 152 184 - 86.1625 37.2125 952.5519 -251.383 197 185 - 8 6.1542 37.2125 953.2809 -251.296 183 186 - 86.1458 37.2125 954.0099 -251.209 213 187 - 86.1375 37.2125 954.7388 -251.121 213 188 - 86.1292 37.2125 955.4678 -251.034 237 189 - 86.1208 37.2125 956.1967 -250.946 201 190 - 86.1125 37.2125 956.9257 -250.858 178 191 - 86.1042 37.2125 957.6546 -250.77 179 192 - 86.0958 37.2125 958.3835 -250.683 215 193 - 86.0875 37.2125 959.1124 -250.595 219 194 - 86.0792 37.2125 959.8413 -250.507 215 195 - 86.0708 37.2125 960.5702 -250.419 187 196 - 86.0625 37.2125 961.2991 -250. 33 181 197 - 86.0542 37.2125 962.0279 -250.242 189 198 - 86.0458 37.2125 962.7568 -250.154 208 199 - 86.0375 37.2125 963.4857 -250.066 223 200 - 86.0292 37.2125 964.2145 -249.977 244 201 - 86.2458 37.22083 945.153 -251.338 148 202 - 86.2375 37.22083 945.88 19 -251.251 167 203 - 86.2292 37.22083 946.6109 -251.165 184 204 - 86.2208 37.22083 947.3398 -251.078 242 205 - 86.2125 37.22083 948.0688 -250.991 239 206 - 86.2042 37.22083 948.7977 -250.904 243 207 - 86.1958 37.22083 949.5266 -250.817 244

### 27 208 - 86.1875 3 7.22083 950.2556 -250.73 153 209 - 86.1792 37.22083 950.9845 -250.643 213 210 - 86.1708 37.22083 951.7134 -250.555 231 211 - 86.1625 37.22083 952.4423 -250.468 212 212 - 86.1542 37.22083 953.1712 -250.381 187 213 - 86.1458 37.22083 953.9 -250.293 216 214 - 86.1375 37.22083 954.6289 -250.206 244 215 - 86.1292 37.22083 955.3578 -250.118 218 216 - 86.1208 37.22083 956.0866 -250.031 219 217 - 86.1125 37.22083 956.8155 -249.943 215 218 - 86.1042 37.22083 957.5443 -249.855 152 219 - 86.0958 37.22083 958.2731 -249 .767 153 220 - 86.0875 37.22083 959.002 -249.679 152 221 - 86.0792 37.22083 959.7308 -249.591 152 222 - 86.0708 37.22083 960.4596 -249.503 164 223 - 86.0625 37.22083 961.1884 -249.415 152 224 - 86.0542 37.22083 961.9172 -249.327 213 225 - 86.0458 37.22083 962.646 -249.239 155 226 - 86.0375 37.22083 963.3747 -249.151 194 227 - 86.0292 37.22083 964.1035 -249.062 244 228 - 86.2458 37.22917 945.0441 -250.423 188 229 - 86.2375 37.22917 945.773 -250.336 152 230 - 86.2292 37.22917 946.5019 -250.249 166 231 - 86.22 08 37.22917 947.2307 -250.162 183 232 - 86.2125 37.22917 947.9596 -250.076 215 233 - 86.2042 37.22917 948.6885 -249.989 182 234 - 86.1958 37.22917 949.4173 -249.902 244 235 - 86.1875 37.22917 950.1461 -249.814 213 236 - 86.1792 37.22917 950.875 -249.727 18 6 237 - 86.1708 37.22917 951.6038 -249.64 194 238 - 86.1625 37.22917 952.3326 -249.553 213 239 - 86.1542 37.22917 953.0614 -249.465 226 240 - 86.1458 37.22917 953.7902 -249.378 183 241 - 86.1375 37.22917 954.519 -249.291 239 242 - 86.1292 37.22917 955.2478 -249.203 245 243 - 86.1208 37.22917 955.9765 -249.115 218 244 - 86.1125 37.22917 956.7053 -249.028 185 245 - 86.1042 37.22917 957.434 -248.94 152 246 - 86.0958 37.22917 958.1628 -248.852 187 247 - 86.0875 37.22917 958.8915 -248.764 213 248 - 86.0792 37.22 917 959.6203 -248.676 196 249 - 86.0708 37.22917 960.349 -248.588 182 250 - 86.0625 37.22917 961.0777 -248.5 196 251 - 86.0542 37.22917 961.8064 -248.412 244 252 - 86.0458 37.22917 962.5351 -248.324 193 253 - 86.0375 37.22917 963.2638 -248.235 162 254 - 86 .2542 37.2375 944.2065 -249.594 154 255 - 86.2458 37.2375 944.9353 -249.507 152 256 - 86.2375 37.2375 945.6641 -249.421 152 257 - 86.2292 37.2375 946.3929 -249.334 152 258 - 86.2208 37.2375 947.1217 -249.247 243 259 - 86.2125 37.2375 947.8504 -249.16 244 260 - 86.2042 37.2375 948.5792 -249.073 245 261 - 86.1958 37.2375 949.308 -248.986 184

### 28 262 - 86.1875 37.2375 950.0367 -248.899 247 263 - 86.1792 37.2375 950.7654 -248.812 221 264 - 86.1708 37.2375 951.4942 -248.725 198 265 - 86.1625 37.2375 952.2229 -248.63 7 244 266 - 86.1542 37.2375 952.9516 -248.55 240 267 - 86.1458 37.2375 953.6803 -248.463 221 268 - 86.1208 37.2375 955.8664 -248.2 230 269 - 86.1125 37.2375 956.5951 -248.112 213 270 - 86.0708 37.2375 960.2384 -247.673 229 271 - 86.0625 37.2375 960.967 -24 7.585 251 272 - 86.0542 37.2375 961.6956 -247.497 244 273 - 86.0458 37.2375 962.4242 -247.408 217 274 - 86.0375 37.2375 963.1529 -247.32 152 275 - 86.2542 37.24583 944.0977 -248.678 152 276 - 86.2458 37.24583 944.8264 -248.592 165 277 - 86.2375 37.24583 94 5.5552 -248.505 224 278 - 86.2292 37.24583 946.2839 -248.418 215 279 - 86.1875 37.24583 949.9273 -247.984 244 280 - 86.1792 37.24583 950.6559 -247.897 238 281 - 86.1708 37.24583 951.3846 -247.809 212 282 - 86.1542 37.24583 952.8419 -247.635 242 283 - 86.06 25 37.24583 960.8563 -246.67 246 284 - 86.0542 37.24583 961.5849 -246.581 213 285 - 86.0458 37.24583 962.3134 -246.493 242 286 - 86.0375 37.24583 963.0419 -246.405 213 287 - 86.0292 37.24583 963.7704 -246.317 146 288 - 86.2458 37.25417 944.7176 -247.676 15 2 289 - 86.2375 37.25417 945.4462 -247.59 195 290 - 86.2292 37.25417 946.1749 -247.503 244 291 - 86.1708 37.25417 951.275 -246.894 244 292 - 86.1542 37.25417 952.7321 -246.719 244 293 - 86.0542 37.25417 961.4741 -245.666 240 294 - 86.0458 37.25417 962.2025 -245.578 244 295 - 86.0375 37.25417 962.931 -245.49 243 296 - 86.0292 37.25417 963.6594 -245.401 142 297 - 86.2458 37.2625 944.6088 -246.761 180 298 - 86.2375 37.2625 945.3373 -246.674 180 299 - 86.2292 37.2625 946.0659 -246.588 171 300 - 86.0458 37.2625 962.0917 -244.663 217 301 - 86.0375 37.2625 962.82 -244.575 183 302 - 86.0292 37.2625 963.5484 -244.486 194

### 29 **Locations of Receptors at Mingo Wilderness Area (MING) Longitude**  **Latitude Easting**  **Northing Elevation**  **(LCC) (LCC)**  **(m)** 1 - 90.2458 3 6.94583 596.7036 - 315.567 106 2 - 90.2292 36.94583 598.1734 - 315.458 102 3 - 90.2375 36.95417 597.37 - 314.593 105 4 - 90.2292 36.95417 598.1047 - 314.538 102 5 - 90.2208 36.95417 598.8395 - 314.484 102 6 - 90.2375 36.9625 597.3014 - 313.674 114 7 - 90.2292 36 .9625 598.0361 - 313.619 104 8 - 90.2208 36.9625 598.7708 - 313.564 102 9 - 90.2125 36.9625 599.5054 - 313.509 102 10 - 90.2042 36.9625 600.2401 - 313.454 102 11 - 90.1958 36.9625 600.9748 - 313.399 103 12 - 90.2292 36.97083 597.9675 - 312.699 108 13 - 90.2208 3 6.97083 598.7021 - 312.645 105 14 - 90.2125 36.97083 599.4366 - 312.59 102 15 - 90.2042 36.97083 600.1712 - 312.535 102 16 - 90.1958 36.97083 600.9058 - 312.48 102 17 - 90.1875 36.97083 601.6404 - 312.424 102 18 - 90.1792 36.97083 602.375 - 312.369 102 19 - 90.1 708 36.97083 603.1095 - 312.314 102 20 - 90.2208 36.97917 598.6333 - 311.725 121 21 - 90.2125 36.97917 599.3678 - 311.67 104 22 - 90.2042 36.97917 600.1023 - 311.615 102 23 - 90.1958 36.97917 600.8368 - 311.56 102 24 - 90.1875 36.97917 601.5713 - 311.505 102 25 - 90.1792 36.97917 602.3058 - 311.45 102 26 - 90.1708 36.97917 603.0403 - 311.395 102 27 - 90.2125 36.9875 599.299 - 310.751 121 28 - 90.2042 36.9875 600.0335 - 310.696 105 29 - 90.1958 36.9875 600.7679 - 310.641 102 30 - 90.1875 36.9875 601.5023 - 310.586 102 31 - 90.1792 36.9875 602.2367 - 310.53 102 32 - 90.1708 36.9875 602.9711 - 310.475 101 33 - 90.2042 36.99583 599.9646 - 309.776 117 34 - 90.1958 36.99583 600.6989 - 309.721 101 35 - 90.1875 36.99583 601.4332 - 309.666 101 36 - 90.1792 36.99583 602.1675 - 309.611 102 37 - 90.1708 36.99583 602.9019 - 309.556 101 38 - 90.1958 37.00417 600.6299 - 308.802 106 39 - 90.1875 37.00417 601.3642 - 308.747 102 40 - 90.1792 37.00417 602.0984 - 308.692 102 41 - 90.1708 37.00417 602.8326 - 308.636 102 42 - 90.1875 37.0125 601.2951 - 3 07.827 103 43 - 90.1792 37.0125 602.0293 - 307.772 102 44 - 90.1708 37.0125 602.7634 - 307.717 102 45 - 90.1792 37.02083 601.9601 - 306.853 103 46 - 90.1708 37.02083 602.6942 - 306.798 102 47 - 90.1708 37.02917 602.625 - 305.878 103

### 30



## Appendix C. **Default N atural Extinction and Deciview**  **Values for Mandatory Class I Areas within 300 km of PAF.**  **Annual Averaged Bext and DV for Natural Conditions at Class I Areas within 300 km of**  **PAF. B**  **ext** 

### DV

(Mm - 1 

### ) MACA 21.58 7.69 MI NG 21.03 7.43 Source: EPA 2 003, Appendix B.