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NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT REPORT

190>30-Vfiir »3vtsciber

or HisssAM m) v^am.

Kse (m2 trcm Xf. 1, i9>l to (Xft, X, 19?&

hy

?. a* ActenisiKsli

C. V* Hollis®

S. Horaea*

Hestinci aaad Air aoBcIltloatrJii ij^otloa

fc«*

Ct£icus of tlM» C^mrtrartaBster Q&mTeX

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The publication, reprinting, from the Office of the Direc which a report has been s

fnr nnhlic release bv the Is prohibited unless permission Is obtained in writing \pprOVea lor pUDlie leica^c

ermisslon is not needed, however, by an agency for )ireCtOr of the National Institute of l copies of that particular report for Its own use.

standards and Technology (NIST)

on October 9, 201 5.
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SUMMABY m RSSEABCH MD DSVSXOBlEaT >^OBK

mm ?0R 0(4MG FROa ocr. 1> X951 TO OCT. 1, 1952

I. IRTHCaJUCTrOfi

During the year atarting October 1, 1951, and ending Septomber %

,

1952, the vojriK done by the Heating a«d Air Conditioning Section of the

l^tlonal Bureau of Standarda for the Office of the ^uarters&atster G«ieral

of the United States Array varied nldely in the field of refrigeration

and related subjects* Work ms done on portable mrebouaea and re- frigerating txnlts for these mrehousea, mter coolers, air conditioners,

and a variety of other equlpeient. Results of these Investi^tlons vere

tranaraitted to by raeans of personal contacts, letter reports,

quarterly reports, and regular reports on ^urticular Items. The following

representa a sumiGary of all the vork done daring the tmlm nontha ending

October 1, 1952»

II. woKK

a. Warehouses

Teats vere made of a nominal I50- cu ft mrehouae to determine its

overall heat transmission coefficient. This mre!u?use ma 3»nufaetured

by the General Developoaent Corporation of Elkton, Maryland. It vaa of

the non-dffl»o\mtable, portable type, and vas provided with an opening for

the refrigerating unit. An access door vaa in^vid-ed on the opposite side

of the refrigerating imlt opening. The heat transmission coefficient of

this varehouae vas found to be 27 tl BTU/hr per degree teraperature difference. TS^ opening for the refrigerating unit ms blanked off for this

test with a pauel of 3/4 In. plyvood.

Tests vere made of a nomlzml 150-eu ft varebouse to detenaine its

overall heat transmission coefficient. This mrehousa vas mauiufactured

by the Brovn Trailer Cot^pany, Spokane, Washington. It vas of the non- demountable, portable type, and vas provided vlth an opening for the

refrlgeratl2)g luilt. An access door ms provided on the opposite side

of the refrigerating unit opening. Tkm heat transniaslon coefficient of

this varehouse vas found to be 27«1 BflPU^sr per dejpree temperature Mfterence. The opening for the refrigerating unit vas blanked off for this

teat vlth a panel of 3/4 in. plywood.

A demouQtable, lightvelght, oOO-cu ft valk-ln refrigerator manu- factured by the Alexander H. !Qerr Company of Burbank, California, vas

tested to detenalne its overall heat tranaulsslon coefficient cuid studied

vlth regard to certain construction features. 'Rie three-inch thick panels

vere fcmDed of a glass fiber sheeting approximately 3/^ inch thick glued

over a perij^eral vooden frame and employing a U^tvelght, foa»-type
..i .m ^j[ . :*rxi iium *'e/i croa

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-Si}!3 »cLlatloii. StiffaeBS for p&iidXd vm provided hj ri^e ruaoin^

10Qg;itudlnaII^ tiirou^ ihe paiieXa omdo out of tim mm isaterial aa the

eiipfactie of the paaels. fhe glue uised to attach se'v^ral panel surfaces

$iad loooea&d. The singXe^gashet door did i%ot effect a continuous aeal«

The heat trans®issloa, teats wre mde with the openiag for th& re- frlgemtlag ’vmit sealed hy a plywood peanel,, idiich was covered with

rock wool teatts* FOr the first ‘tl-Factor' test, all cracks hetwea

panels, door, etc. and other opeiain^a mT& with laaakifig ti^c

and sheHac. Tii^ ’Tl-Faetor’" for this test i^s o7»2 B©j/hr temperature difference), for the second test all of this seiU.ing mterial

was reaK>ved from cmdtes, ete., and the heat tranamlssloa coefficient

then was 8t*5 ^y/fer (‘’f tesiperature difference).

h. Harefeouse refrigerating mits

Tests were completed to detewdne tte capacity, depeadahility, and

structural soundness of two 1/3 ton, plug-type, mg^um^drivm

r&trig&rmting units developed for use 'with dsEiomtabl® or portable

refrigerators. Om 'onlt ms ©anufacticr'ed hy the f Theiiso Caatrol

Cofflpaay, of Miimeapolia, Minnesota, and the other hy <^u?rter Oorporation,

of Syracuse, Hew York* AI'^sk3u^ both units performed satisfactorily for

the tsoBt part during the test®, certain opemting dlffieolties were

ofea^rved. Ap§roxlmt& ca^citle® at ean^tlom of O^f refrigemtor

temperature and 110*F s^ahient ta^reture were tOOO W(S per ho'ur for the

!Hiermo-Iiag unit and 3S00 per tour for the Carrier unit, toth units

were coapact and arranged for sut€»itic operation.

Opex^tional tests of a modal ftorsjo-^Kiag ^ug-type electric

motor-driven refrigerating unit for use with portable or demountable

refrigerators were eoi^leted. Tto unit ms manufactured by the b. S.

Therao Control Company of Minneapolis, ^itoesots. Tm inter-conx^ted

henaetlc ssotor coB^ressor unil^ were alloyed to furnish capacity range.

The obserTto capacity with both eojs^ressors in operation at 70®f aa^ient

temperature was WJfiix- with air at a temperature of -19.^"F

enterisxg the evaporator, k$Q0 B®j/hr at 0"F, and 9700 at 3y“F.

At 90®F anient tacspemture a capacity of 3400 WSIS/bx ms observed with

e^mporator air inlet ti^;>erature at »d 7?00 B®j/hr at At

110*F tcm^rature tto Isjwest entering air temperature obtalxiable

in the test ealoriBseter was 2®F with mi indicated unit capacity of 2^00

BTO/fer imd at 35*"^ entering air temperature the edacity was 6700 BTu/hr.

Capacities observed at ambient tesaperature were 31^ STU/hr with

9*5*F entering air a*id 5200-5^00 with entering air.

e. toter Coolers

A Type 1, Siae 10 electric drinking water cooler manufactored by the

Sunjt>c Company of J^Len Biddle, Iteimsylvaala was tested to dete3:iHlne its

coapllaac® wlldj the performance requirements of Federal Specification

00-C-566b. The tests were saade at the request of the Chicago Quartermaster
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Depot. A0 subEdltted, the oooXer speclioen complied vith all performance

rttqtuiremcmts of the specification vith the exception of the thermostat

test* A different thermostat ims installed, representatives of the

manufaotarer, acid after mm Inteiml adjustment of the second thexxoostat,

the cooler passed the tlMiraostat test. A letter report on these tests

VOS suhaitted to the Chloago

^

Depot and the Inspector concerned^ and

the final report is now being reviewed prior to publication.

A Type III, Slse 20 cafeteria cooler manufactured by Flltrlne

ilaocufactuilng of Brooklyn, Mew York was tested to determine its

compUcuone with the performance re<iulre«ent8 of Federal Specification

'X)->C*^66b« These tests were also made at the request of the Chicago

Depot. Th@' cooler stdmltted failed during the imsdMm Curating Teat,

it developed a refrl^rant leak in the fusible i^lug of the receiver.

The cooler was repaired by a representative of the maxMifactureri however,

it ms decided that a second specimen should be submitted for a con- tinuation of the tests. This cooler jwyased three of the seven pexforraance

tests, the thermostat tost, the freezing test, and the motor overload

protective test. It failed to coaply with the capacity, peak draw,

tmxiimxm operating, mad overload test requirements. A letter report was

sent to the Chicago Depot and the Inspector concerned, la which It

was reeomaended that these coolers not be bought unless major design

changes were made.

A complete revision of Federal apeciftcation 00-C-5c>^b on electric

drinking water coolers wui written at the reciuMrt of end submitted

to the fechalcoi Committee on Befrlgeratlon and Air Cemditionix^ of the

(Jeneral Services Ad^alnlstration. revisiem ms submitted to Industry

for comments, and is now being circulated among Government departments

for coaa»ent3.

d, Water-Vapor Transmisfion in Refrigerated Warehouses

A new project on Water Vapor Tzansmlsslon In Refrigerated Warehouses

was initiated at the National Burma of Standards under the sponsorship

of the Office of the Quarteraastar Gcnex'ol, about May X, this year. The

object of this project was to conduct research that would establish,

if possible, a criterion of permeability for the interior and exterior

surfaces of prefabricate refrigerator imnels, Includia^ the brmker

strips at tlM? edges, which would xareveat water or frost from acauanlatinf;

Inside such panels for a range of vapor pressure differences and a

range of temperature differences for different types of Insulation in

different ^tnel orientations.

A thorough search of the literatvire pertaining to mter vapor

transmission and Its ac<3cmqEManylng design problems was completed prior

to the develojpeient of the design of apparatus for this project. A

bibliography and abstracts resulting from this literature survey have

been traaamitt«fl to the Office of the Quwtermastcr General.
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1!he test api^at^ was daslgped to aocoocaodate a ^ ft ty 8 ft

test panel idLth thicknesses up to 12 in. and for tetsperatures as lov

as -20 on the cold side and 180**f on the varm side. The hoaldity and

teoperature of the air on hoth sides of the test panel will be controlled

azvl the resultirv^ heat and sator vapor transfer through the test panel

will he oeasured. The apparatus Is so designed that it stay he rotated

throuah an angle of 180 degrees simulatiag beat and vapor flov in vails,

floors and ceilings. The fraodng, insulation ai^ vapor-proofing of

the larger sections are cotapleted, together vlth the trunnion for

rotating the apparatus. Caattlever veighlng de-wi.ces for measuring the

sioisture evaporated and tlus moisture adsorbed have been built and

installed. The desiccant chamber vas cosapleted as veil as the refrigeration system for cooling the space on one side of the test speciatsas

.

Electric virlng and a thermccouple system are being installed. The

eqjparatus vill be completed as soon as the hygrometric equipment is

received. This apparatus was ordered about six esbnths ago, and Its

r»n-dellY«ry is delaylsig progress on the apparatus at the present time.

e. Miscellaneous Testing

Jaokes-Svana Electric Solenoid ITalve

A study of several electric solenoid valves manufactured by

Jackes-Svaas ]^g. Co. of St* I^uis, Mssouri isas by Installing

in the refrigerant liquid line of the secondary refrigerant caloriaieter.

Tbrts vere m&st to determine proper opening and closing of the valves

in positions other than horlisontal mounting. The first valve submitted

was found to be unsatisfactory; however, the second valve appeared to

perform adequately in vmripus mounting poeitions.

jSacry-Thagpsoo 2t>-eu ft Befrl^rator

Tests on a 26 cu ft portable, chest-type freeser memifaetured by

I^ry-Thfompson >;achine and Supply Company were co'^leted. The refrigerator

was equipped with a I HP Copeland mechanically sealed berG^lc condensing

unit, for use on single-phase, ^50 volt, aXtemating current. Tests

vere made to observe the lowest box temperatures obtained at s^bient

temperatures of 70*?, 95*F# a»d 120*F. In addltloa, observations vere

cade of the >ill-dovn” characteristlca of the refrigerator at TO*"?

ambient. Tl^ lowest box t.<»l^perat^n:es obtained at the above ambient

temperatures were -38, 2*P, -22.1*?, and -6.8*?, at 70*?, 9$*?# «u3d 120*?

aesblcaatfi, respectively* ^Hsas powar consumptions at these conditions vere

65^, and 838 watts, respectively. At an ambient of 70*P , the

pull-down tiaa from 70*F to 0*? was 80 sdnutes, to -20*? VEts 2 hours,

to -30*? ’waa 3

-1/2 hours, and to -38 *? ms 9-1/2 hours. The tmlt was

equipped with two low-pressure controls, one set for above-freezing

teoq^rature operation, the other set to obtain a box temperature of

approxliEBatelyO*?. A three-{»:>sition selector switch with positions marked

”Hlgh’% 'Xow'^, and ’’Off was located in the front of the machine compartment

and the desired ;^ressure control could be included In the electrical

circuit throu^* positioning of this switch.
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Caav&g Cover for Xoe Cream

Two InsuXAted canvas water-caa coveTO, U. S. Arajy Stock fto. 24-C707^ wore tested for OG^ to determine their suitability tor use as

ice cream contalrsers asid to determine how long Ice creasua hardened at

0*P would stay la edible condition* The Ice cream used for this test

ms packed in commercial 2-I/2 ^ulloa containers, two of mich were

placed into each insulated canvas cover. The tests were made at 70

ambient and 110 ambient* It was found that ice cream would be imlntained in an edible condition from 14 to 26 hours in an salient temperature of 70*F and from 10 1» 18 hours in »n ambient temperature of 110"F,

the can'/as covers being at ambient temperature when the Ice cream was

placed Into them* When the canvas covers were precooled at 0"P for

several hours before placing Ic® cream into tJMm, the UMslting time of

the lee cream could be increased from two to six hours in most cases. A letter report on those tests was forwarded to OiHQ on June 19, 1952 .

general Klectrlo Transportable Air CondltiQner

Tests were completed of a sectional-construction, electric axttordriven package type air conditionings unit manafacturad by the General

Biectric eompaariy, Bl»omfieid, 51 . J., for the to deten^ne capacity

and suitsbillty for use in the Mobile Petroleum laboratory* *£1318 unit

was identified as G. E. Mod. Ho. IT-15 * It was eciulpped with a 8-a?

electric compressor motor and was designed tc operate on volt

3 phase 60 cycle current and to produce a net cooling ca|»eity of 18,00;

mj/hr, at 95"'H®-75^I^’B ambient temperature and 80®PiB-67’?WB within

the controlled space*

Tests were made with the unit completely within the controlled space

and outside of the controlled space, at conditions of 95*?I®-75*y^B and

00'^FCB-6T1?WB, and 125'*TO-65'^ and

I Aft^ sev=erol adjustments and alterations to the unit by a representative of th® aaaiufacturer, the followlnij approxliaate net cooling

capacities were observed. At the 125*fBB ambient condition the capacity

was approxlnsstely 11,10^) WHi/hr when the entire unit was in the cmtrolied

space and 14,60D ifean the condensing section was outside the con- trolled space and only the evaporator section was inside the controlled

space. At the condition the capacity was approximately 12,$CX)

3TU/hr with tt^ entire unit in the controlled space and 15,300 B^/hr

with the unit divided.

The dliaensions of the 5-sectlon unit, aaseBfljIcd, were 65 ' high x

h2

" wide X 14 deep, and the wel^t was lbs.

Problems of excessive air leaSastge and exchange of air between eon«

denser and evs^^orator sections, as well as certain mechanical difficulties

such as failure of flexible refrigerant lines, resulted In the manu- facturer requesting permission to submit another specimen for the

remainder of the tests. Althcm^ this was acceptable to OQMG, no such

unit has yet been submitted.
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jDyifre«& B&friijfimnt

fe«ta iiavG b««n cowplet&d to detarmlxie reslatanoe to vibration

of a refrigerant del^drator Idleatified as tJrlfreasi*^ by tb© taaaufacturer,

the Berzss Coiiporation of STev Tork. 3So bretaJj^cnffi ma evident foXlovlng

sjore than 100 hours of operation at a vibration test at Q*Qyj‘j iix.

aiapiiltude at 3JCK5 cycles/adn.

feats to detersdne the rate of aoisture i^aoval, end drying ability

and total aoistore retaoval capacity of the 3/^ I*** 3dne aiz® Crlfi^ez

dehydrator^ vbioh e®ploy« ^proxioately ^3*5 graas of caictua oarblde as

tbt& desiccant, are nearly complete« fhls else appears to be able to

T&move approsdSiateXy g0 grass of mtor from llqiild dichXorodifXuoroiaethaiie

refrigemit with a fliml systeaa vetness In the vicinity oi‘ 60 ppa. An

and dryness less than 6 pp& under ideal conditions appears to bo poaslble

with this desiccant. 11® rate of drying appears to be aXow, the saiapis

tasted require 8 days to remov® gsne^ fro® the test system. i'Joa- paratl’v^ tests with a silica dehydrator of sqs^prorimately 12 ou In.

silica gel capacity are lining made and a masiis of presaating data In

comparative style is being studied.

feats and chemical analyses are also being taade. to determine the

possifele haaarda contingent on using this caiclom carbide dehydrator.

?reli®i23ary tests of system-gas mixtures containing 2'^ acetyXeae (formed

by reaction of mtmr with csleim carbide) iadieate no explosion risk.

More work rstmtlm to be done in this regard, however, before final

statemonts can be gmde regarding explosion hamrds.

It is hoped that tcKMSj^uratlve studies of the several ty^a of

dehytratore currently In use can be made, utiXlsiiig apparatus for

ctantinuoi®ly-ix2dlcating wetness developed for tests of th& ihrlfrees

dehydrator.

lent Heater^ Fan

Itm dlfferent types of ;^rop©lier fsuis were tested, to determine

relative efficiency, power lapit and capecity. Chie speci^n was a

iJorriagton fan, the other was a lerman-Helson fan. doth speslMens were

Intended for use on the gasoline-fired teat heater to circulate the

heated air. Considerable difficulty was ©apertenced la aeasiarljig power

i2:q?ut since the fan was shunted on the engine shaf t and the engine body

was located directly in the fan Inlet. Ihie made It necessary to use

an actual ©loglne bo^ with a shaft eactendlng through ti® engine to the

dynamometer shaft. As outlined in a letter-report dated Septeiaher 9, 1952,

fan specimen f (forrlngtoa) on the hot run with the Ofien dUact, moved

216C‘ cfa (corrected to standard air) with I .53 total kareepowar input

(measured at eagin© coupling) and on the cold run with the open duct moved

^90 cfm with I. 5S horsepower input, and fan specimen S (l^rman-HeXson)
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at correapoadin^ii coodiltlons moYed S03^ cfm vltii 1.1& horseponer Input

and 2100 cfm vlth 1.23 boractpower Input. Fan speeds were Iwsld at 3^f50 rpta,

k second tent heater has been received for further fan tests.

gasoline Leartems

Speelmen Kiooiait© ^^tsoliris lanterns wmufacttired by the Aiaencan

3as Machine Ccwspaay were tested to detewElne the effect of using orifice

cle^upers and leaded gahoHa^ caa. the luminosity of the lanterns over a

period of tine. The tests Indicated that tdie checslcal and physical

properties of the two i^asGllnes i««d were of greater taportance to the

generator or orifice life than leading the gasoline or the orifice

cleaning operation. A gasoline c©«^lyiag with the Federal Specificetloa

persU-tted the lanterns to operate jsore than 200 hours with a terminal

luiainofilty greater than 60 candlapower when either leaded or unleaded

fuel was used. Khan a base stock gasoline was used^^ the luminosity of

the lanterns fell to the mlnitanai of 60 cajidlepowcr in periods of time

ranging frem 50 to 1£0 hoars, ^ith this gasoline use of the orifice

cloaner had no apfaurent effect on the length of time the lantern would

operate with a given orifice. ' ‘

f. amaanxltatioris iKid Deasonstratioas

Aqua-Theraa 3tablliser

Two Bime of a device identified as Ac|ua»Thexts at€d>lll£ers, and

asanufactured by M. S. XMustrles, Inc. of WasMogton, 0. C»> wei'® stodted

with regard to patent claims and prol«d»le perforaonco to detenslne if

they would be of sufficient value to laie military to warrasat a series of

tests. The results of tMs prsliainary study were set forth in a letter

dated JtiXy &, 1952. It was decided that no tests should 'be made, and

both units have been crated at the request of the Office of the Quartermaster Seaeral ready for shipaent to ycffersonville Quarteraiaster iJepot

upon receipt of shipidsag iiM^tructlons.

Agm^-Fog, av^aporative Coodenser

Tests and daaonstrstiGa of a new type of water-evaporative-cooled

condenser for refrigerating systems of 5 HF or less were set up and made

for the Sefrlgeratioa Section, f^SLlitary Plannljtig Blvision, Office of

the luartertaaster General. principal feature of ths cor^Leaser being

dasipnstrated ms a driven wtseel, turning at a speed of approximately

3i»00 rpm, and throwing a atrea® of water of varying particle siae over a

bank of borlsontal refrigerant-oondmBing tubes, idilch eliminated the

water-pump and nossle coaibijmtions usixally used for this type of device.

The deaonstratioa and tests were presented to a group of engineering

represantativ^es from several interested Goveraseot agencies* The device

was identified by the rusuae "Aqua-Fog’v

g. Mlscellai»»ous

A final report on calorlaeter tests of a Yoirtc 5-HP compressor was
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9ubmttt<»cll in January 19^1*

A final raport on t®»ta of the BaJcery Winter Chillers ms prepm*ed

and 1# now being reviiwed.

A conaolidated. report of all mr^uses tested until December 19^1

has been prepared ai^bd is nov being reviewed.

A eonsolidated. report of all warehouse refrigerating units tested

until Septea^r 1952 is nov being prepared,

h, CtmstructiODi

An insulated testing enclosure was provided and equipped in Building

35 of HBS, TMs test rocm is smaller than the facilities in the West

l^ldin^, and is hence well suited for the testing of stsall appliances

such as water coolers > ehest-typ® refrtiserators, and ice cream maeMnes.

ihe room can be used over a temperature range of ^proxiffiately^ +30^P

to 150*1?, sM la equipped with fully autoumtie temperature controls.

The test room was flsiahed in May 1952 and has been in csoatinual use

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