National Compensation Survey: 

Employee Benefits in the United States, 

March 2016

U.S. Department of Labor 

Thomas E. Perez, Secretary of Labor 

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 

Erica L. Groshen, Commissioner 

September 2016

Bulletin 2785

Contents

Overview

Tables organized by ownership 

Employee benefits data tables: United States, March 2016

● Civilian (includes private industry and state and local government establishments)

● Private industry (excludes agricultural establishments, private households, and the self‐employed)

● State and local government (excludes Federal employees)

Technical note 

Appendix table 1: Survey establishment response 

Appendix table 2: Number of workers represented 
Overview 

The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost trends, the 

incidence of benefits, and detailed benefit provisions. This bulletin presents estimates of the incidence and key 

provisions of selected employee benefit plans. Estimates presented are on benefits for civilian workers—workers 

in private industry and in state and local government—by various employee and employer characteristics. For the

purposes of the NCS, the Federal Government, agricultural, and household workers, and workers who are selfemployed, are excluded.

For more information on these data and recent and historical NCS benefits data, call the information line at (202) 

691–6199, use the contact EBS link to send email, or visit the benefits home page. Information is made available 

to sensory-impaired individuals upon request (Voice phone: (202) 691–5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877–

8339). Data requests also may be sent to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Division of Compensation Data Analysis 

and Planning, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Room 4175, Washington, DC 20212. Material in this publication is in 

the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. 

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) field economists collected and reviewed the survey data. The Office of 

Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the Office of Field Operations and the Office of 

Technology and Survey Processing, designed the survey, processed the data, and prepared the survey for 

publication. The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private businesses 

and state and local government agencies and jurisdictions that provided benefits data included in this bulletin. 

BLS thanks these respondents for their cooperation. 
Civilian Tables 

Types of Benefits: 

・ Retirement benefits

・ Healthcare benefits

・ Life, short-term, and long-term disability insurance benefits

・ Paid leave benefits

・ Other benefits (Quality of life, financial, health-related, nonproduction 

bonuses, and unmarried domestic partner)

・ Benefit combinations (Retirement, medical care and paid leave)
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 69 54 78 27 23 85 58 40 69

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 84 72 86 41 35 85 66 51 77

Management, business, and financial ............... 86 76 88 35 30 84 77 65 84

Professional and related .................................... 83 70 85 43 37 85 62 45 74

Teachers ........................................................ 84 73 87 70 60 86 36 19 52

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 83 88 87 77 88 31 12 39

Registered nurses ......................................... 88 72 81 37 31 84 78 57 73

Service ................................................................... 47 31 65 17 15 89 37 18 50

Protective service .............................................. 78 62 79 54 50 91 43 20 46

Sales and office ..................................................... 71 52 74 21 17 79 63 44 69

Sales and related ............................................... 66 41 61 11 8 66 62 37 59

Office and administrative support ...................... 74 59 80 27 22 82 64 48 74

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 65 53 81 28 27 95 54 39 72

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 62 50 82 31 30 97 45 32 71

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 69 55 80 26 24 94 62 45 72

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 71 54 76 25 21 85 62 43 69

Production ......................................................... 74 56 76 22 18 84 71 49 70

Transportation and material moving .................. 68 52 76 27 23 86 54 37 68

Full time ................................................................. 80 65 81 33 29 87 67 48 72

Part time ................................................................ 37 22 59 10 8 73 31 16 53

Union ..................................................................... 94 84 90 81 74 91 45 29 65

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 49 75 18 15 81 60 42 70

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 44 24 56 9 6 72 38 20 51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 33 15 45 5 3 59 30 12 42

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 52 74 22 19 86 60 39 66

Third 25 percent ................................................ 81 68 84 35 31 87 66 50 76

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 89 79 89 48 41 87 71 57 80

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 80 89 47 39 84 75 61 81

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 75 60 81 26 22 87 70 53 76

Service-providing industries .................................. 69 53 77 28 23 85 56 38 68

Education and health services ........................... 79 65 83 42 36 86 54 37 68

Educational services ...................................... 87 77 88 72 62 86 37 21 56

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 80 89 84 75 89 26 10 38

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 77 87 54 42 77 62 44 70

Health care and social assistance ................. 73 57 78 21 18 85 66 48 72

Hospitals .................................................... 91 78 85 45 37 84 79 60 76

Public administration ......................................... 91 83 92 87 79 91 34 16 46

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 53 38 71 11 9 85 48 33 68

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 48 34 71 8 7 85 45 31 68

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 67 48 72 18 15 84 58 39 67

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 70 82 43 37 85 66 47 70

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 62 77 27 23 85 69 48 70

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 78 86 61 52 86 64 45 71

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 58 82 31 27 86 57 42 73

New England ..................................................... 72 59 81 28 25 91 57 43 76

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 71 58 82 32 27 85 57 42 73

South ..................................................................... 70 52 74 27 23 85 59 38 65

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 54 76 29 25 84 61 40 65

East South Central ............................................ 73 51 70 27 23 84 58 36 61

West South Central ........................................... 68 50 74 24 21 86 56 37 67

Midwest ................................................................. 73 57 78 27 23 84 63 43 69

East North Central ............................................. 72 56 78 27 23 87 63 43 69

West North Central ............................................ 75 58 77 27 22 79 63 44 70

West ...................................................................... 63 50 80 25 21 86 50 37 74

Mountain ............................................................ 66 50 76 20 16 82 55 39 72

Pacific ................................................................ 62 51 81 27 24 87 48 36 75

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 2.1 1.2 2.5 2.2 1.0 2.1 1.3 2.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 2.5 1.5 3.2 3.0 1.0 2.6 1.5 2.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.7 2.5 2.4 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.3 2.5 2.6

Service ................................................................... 2.1 1.3 1.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 2.0 1.1 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 3.5 4.9 4.2 3.8 1.1 3.5 2.2 6.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.9 3.4 1.7 1.4 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.7 2.8 2.1 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.0 1.2 1.6 1.1 3.0 2.2 1.9 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.5 1.7 1.3 0.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.5 2.0 1.4 1.0 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 1.1 2.2 0.6 0.3 4.0 2.0 1.0 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.6 1.6 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.8 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.6 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.0 1.9 1.1 2.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 1.6 1.4 2.7 1.7 4.1 2.6 1.5 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 2.6 1.1 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.1

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 1.6 1.2 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.7 0.9 2.7 2.0 4.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.5 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.4 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.4 1.6 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.6 1.2 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.9 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 3.0 4.1 3.2 3.2 4.3 2.5 2.8 4.1

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 2.7 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 2.8 2.3 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 1.8 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.9 1.6 0.8

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 2.1 1.9 2.9 2.1 4.1 2.6 1.5 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 2.4 2.0 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.1

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 15 12 42

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 23 17 43

Management, business, and financial ............... 27 9 51

Professional and related .................................... 22 21 40

Teachers ........................................................ 22 47 14

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 23 63 8

Registered nurses ......................................... 27 10 51

Service ................................................................... 6 11 30

Protective service .............................................. 19 35 24

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 8 50

Sales and related ............................................... 7 4 55

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 10 47

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 11 37

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 15 16 30

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 19 7 43

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 15 9 46

Production ......................................................... 19 3 52

Transportation and material moving .................. 13 14 41

Full time ................................................................. 19 14 47

Part time ................................................................ 4 7 27

Union ..................................................................... 33 49 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 13 6 47

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 5 35

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 3 28

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 11 48

Third 25 percent ................................................ 20 15 46

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 30 18 41

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 31 15 43

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 21 5 49

Service-providing industries .................................. 15 13 41

Education and health services ........................... 17 24 37

Educational services ...................................... 22 50 15

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 21 64 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 28 26 34

Health care and social assistance ................. 14 7 52

Hospitals .................................................... 32 12 46

Public administration ......................................... 30 57 4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 4 42

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 3 40

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10 8 48

100 workers or more .............................................. 24 19 42

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 15 12 53

500 workers or more .......................................... 33 27 30

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17 14 40

New England ..................................................... 13 15 44

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 19 14 39

South ..................................................................... 16 11 43

South Atlantic .................................................... 20 9 41

East South Central ............................................ 13 15 46

West South Central ........................................... 11 12 45

Midwest ................................................................. 17 10 46

East North Central ............................................. 18 9 45

West North Central ............................................ 15 12 48

West ...................................................................... 12 13 38

Mountain ............................................................ 9 11 46

Pacific ................................................................ 13 14 35

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and

workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.8 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.8 1.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.0 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 2.2 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 3.0 2.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 2.2 3.3

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.6 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 3.3 4.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.5 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.7 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.6 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 0.9 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.8 2.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 0.6 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 0.8 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.4 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.5 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.3 0.6 1.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.6 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.2 0.5 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.5 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.7 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.7 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.0 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.5 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.2 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 1.7 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 2.1 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.7 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 1.4 2.0

Hospitals .................................................... 2.6 2.0 2.4

Public administration ......................................... 2.6 2.6 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.2 2.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.7 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 0.8 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.1 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.7

New England ..................................................... 1.8 1.5 3.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.8

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 2.7 3.7

West South Central ........................................... 0.9 0.8 2.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 0.7 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.9 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 2.3 1.3 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 0.7 1.4 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.0 2.4

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and

workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, civilian

workers,1 March 2016

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft freeze3

All Hard freeze4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 52 40 1 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 45 2 7

Management, business, and financial ............... 50 35 2 13

Professional and related .................................... 45 49 1 5

Teachers ........................................................ 41 58 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 41 58 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 56 30 – –

Service ................................................................... 53 43 – –

Protective service .............................................. 46 53 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 52 37 1 10

Sales and related ............................................... 57 22 1 19

Office and administrative support ...................... 51 40 1 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 67 29 1 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 76 22 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 55 38 3 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 59 29 2 9

Production ......................................................... 48 33 3 15

Transportation and material moving .................. 67 26 2 5

Full time ................................................................. 51 40 2 7

Part time ................................................................ 62 33 – –

Union ..................................................................... 56 42 5 ( ) 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 49 38 2 11

Average wage within the following categories:6

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 55 37 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 69 27 – 4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 55 36 1 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 53 38 1 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 49 43 2 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 46 44 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 55 29 3 13

Service-providing industries .................................. 52 41 1 6

Education and health services ........................... 46 50 – –

Educational services ...................................... 40 59 5 ( ) 1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 40 59 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 39 60 1 1

Health care and social assistance ................. 59 29 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 57 30 – –

Public administration ......................................... 41 59 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, civilian

workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft freeze3

All Hard freeze4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 60 28 1 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 57 28 1 13

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 64 27 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 50 43 2 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 54 37 3 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 48 45 1 6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 50 41 1 8

New England ..................................................... 53 40 1 6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 41 1 9

South ..................................................................... 53 41 1 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 58 36 2 5

East South Central ............................................ 43 53 – –

West South Central ........................................... 49 45 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 59 31 2 8

East North Central ............................................. 61 29 2 8

West North Central ............................................ 54 36 – –

West ...................................................................... 45 46 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 53 39 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 42 49 – –

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector,

except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans open to new participants. 3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 5 Less than 0.5. 6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft freeze3

All Hard freeze4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 1.6 0.6 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.8 2.3 0.8 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.8 0.5 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.9 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 2.0 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 6.2 4.7 – –

Service ................................................................... 2.3 2.1 – –

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 3.0 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.3 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 5.7 3.2 0.7 3.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 2.3 0.3 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 2.7 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.3 3.1 0.7 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.6 2.7 0.5 1.8

Production ......................................................... 4.3 4.6 0.8 3.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.6 2.7 0.6 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 2.1 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 0.1 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.6 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.0 3.1 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.8 4.4 – 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.6 0.4 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.6 0.6 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.7 2.5 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.0 3.6 0.7 2.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.0 – –

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.5 0.1 0.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.5 4.1 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 3.6 3.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft freeze3

All Hard freeze4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.4 2.1 0.5 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.9 2.6 0.6 2.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 3.2 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.3 2.1 1.0 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.5 2.1 0.3 0.7

New England ..................................................... 3.7 4.2 0.6 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.0 2.4 0.3 0.9

South ..................................................................... 2.1 2.1 0.3 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 3.1 0.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.2 3.4 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 2.8 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 1.9 0.6 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 1.7 0.8 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 4.2 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.8 2.7 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 3.6 3.9 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.5 3.4 – –

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector,

except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans open to new participants. 3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

civilian workers,2 March 2016

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 59

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 56

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 67

Professional and related .................................... – – 53

Teachers ........................................................ – 54 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 52 –

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 59

Service ................................................................... – – 51

Protective service .............................................. – 53 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 63

Sales and related ............................................... – 13 87

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 57

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 51 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 61

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 20 80

Production ......................................................... – 19 81

Transportation and material moving .................. – 21 79

Full time ................................................................. – – 60

Part time ................................................................ – – 57

Union ..................................................................... – 51 –

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 67

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 67

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 65

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 57

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 59

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 59

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 59

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 25 75

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 57

Education and health services ........................... – 51 –

Educational services ...................................... – 54 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 52 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 59 41

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 55

Hospitals .................................................... – – 66

Public administration ......................................... – 56 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 63

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 62

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 64

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 59

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 66

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 56

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 69

New England ..................................................... – 50 50

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 75

South ..................................................................... – 37 63

South Atlantic .................................................... – 47 53

East South Central ............................................ – 45 55

West South Central ........................................... – 16 84

Midwest ................................................................. – – 60

East North Central ............................................. – – 56

West North Central ............................................ – – 66

West ...................................................................... – 55 45

Mountain ............................................................ – 46 54

Pacific ................................................................ – 57 43

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the

public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2015 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2011 and 2014 are included in

the "2 to 5 year" column and plans frozen before 2011 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2016

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 1.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 2.1

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 2.6

Professional and related .................................... – – 2.3

Teachers ........................................................ – 3.1 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.3 –

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 8.9

Service ................................................................... – – 3.0

Protective service .............................................. – 3.9 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 2.1

Sales and related ............................................... – 3.4 3.4

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 3.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 6.0 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 4.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 2.7 2.7

Production ......................................................... – 4.0 4.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 3.1 3.1

Full time ................................................................. – – 1.7

Part time ................................................................ – – 3.6

Union ..................................................................... – 2.4 –

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 2.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 4.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 7.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 2.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 2.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 2.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 4.2 4.2

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 1.9

Education and health services ........................... – 2.5 –

Educational services ...................................... – 2.5 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.8 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.7 3.7

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 8.1

Hospitals .................................................... – – 6.1

Public administration ......................................... – 3.2 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 4.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 4.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 6.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 1.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 3.2

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 1.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 2.2

New England ..................................................... – 4.5 4.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 2.2

South ..................................................................... – 2.6 2.6

South Atlantic .................................................... – 4.2 4.2

East South Central ............................................ – 7.7 7.7

West South Central ........................................... – 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. – – 4.8

East North Central ............................................. – – 5.5

West North Central ............................................ – – 9.2

West ...................................................................... – 4.1 4.1

Mountain ............................................................ – 9.4 9.4

Pacific ................................................................ – 4.7 4.7

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the

public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2015 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2011 and 2014 are included in

the "2 to 5 year" column and plans frozen before 2011 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March 2016

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

All workers ............................................................. 5 95 56 14 14 24 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 96 61 13 14 22 4 ( )

Management, business, and financial ............... 6 94 39 20 23 25 –

Professional and related .................................... 3 97 68 11 11 21 –

Service ................................................................... 2 98 80 4 6 22 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 10 90 45 14 17 24 4 ( )

Sales and related ............................................... 23 77 – – 30 35 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 7 93 52 15 15 22 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3 97 49 23 19 16 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 9 91 25 20 17 38 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 6 94 40 19 9 37 –

Full time ................................................................. 5 95 56 14 15 24 4 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 12 88 58 8 6 25 –

Union ..................................................................... 1 99 76 12 6 22 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 92 42 15 20 25 –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 12 88 56 8 11 22 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94 59 11 12 25 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 95 54 15 11 27 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 96 57 15 17 22 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4 96 53 15 22 24 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 7 93 11 22 36 33 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 5 95 63 12 11 23 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 2 98 80 6 4 21 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 8 92 34 – 16 36 –

Hospitals .................................................... 12 88 30 6 14 41 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 91 36 16 16 28 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 96 30 17 19 32 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 96 60 13 14 23 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9 91 46 22 16 24 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 97 66 9 12 23 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 95 60 9 13 28 –

New England ..................................................... 4 96 63 8 13 18 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 95 59 9 13 31 –

South ..................................................................... 5 95 57 16 13 24 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 8 92 48 15 17 37 –

West South Central ........................................... 2 98 64 14 10 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 6 94 51 14 12 27 –

East North Central ............................................. 6 94 54 12 11 30 –

West ...................................................................... 4 96 56 15 18 16 –

Pacific ................................................................ 5 95 54 16 19 17 –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical

Note for further explanation. 3 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March

2016

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.8 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.7 0.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.0 –

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.7 –

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.6 2.8 0.9 1.5 2.2 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 3.3 3.3 – – 4.4 4.6 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 1.0 2.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.4 3.6 3.2 3.3 2.0 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.4 2.1 3.1 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 1.6 4.3 3.6 2.4 4.8 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 3.1 1.9 2.2 3.7 –

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.9 1.6 1.1 1.6 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 2.2 1.4 1.9 1.7 –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 2.1 4.9 2.0 2.4 3.4 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 2.3 1.5 1.2 2.3 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0 2.3 1.7 1.1 1.8 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9 1.9 1.6 2.3 1.6 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 3.0 2.7 3.8 2.5 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.8 4.8 2.8 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6 1.7 1.2 0.9 1.5 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.7 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 2.0 4.8 – 3.8 4.3 –

Hospitals .................................................... 3.3 3.3 4.4 1.0 3.9 6.9 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.3 2.3 3.2 2.6 2.2 3.7 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.2 3.6 3.1 2.7 5.1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.4 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 1.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.6 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.6 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.1 1.2 2.0 –

New England ..................................................... 1.4 1.4 5.6 1.7 3.6 5.0 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.1 2.2 –

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8 2.8 1.9 1.5 2.6 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4 3.8 2.1 2.6 3.8 –

West South Central ........................................... 0.6 0.6 3.8 2.8 2.1 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.7 3.0 1.6 2.0 2.2 –

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.2 3.8 1.6 2.3 3.2 –

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 4.2 3.2 4.0 3.5 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.5 4.9 3.8 4.9 4.2 –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical

Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilian

workers,1 March 2016

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 67 33 82 18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 32 84 16

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 30 85 15

Professional and related .................................... 67 33 83 17

Teachers ........................................................ 63 37 84 16

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 66 34 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 60 40 80 20

Service ................................................................... 66 34 83 17

Protective service .............................................. 77 23 88 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 66 34 78 22

Sales and related ............................................... 67 33 74 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 66 34 80 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 36 80 20

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 53 47 74 26

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 71 29 85 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 69 31 83 17

Production ......................................................... 69 31 83 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 31 83 17

Full time ................................................................. 68 32 83 17

Part time ................................................................ 62 38 75 25

Union ..................................................................... 65 35 81 19

Nonunion ............................................................... 67 33 82 18

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 68 32 77 23

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 66 34 74 26

Second 25 percent ............................................ 67 33 81 19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 66 34 83 17

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 32 84 16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 30 85 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 66 34 81 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 32 82 18

Education and health services ........................... 61 39 81 19

Educational services ...................................... 63 37 83 17

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 63 37 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 62 38 81 19

Health care and social assistance ................. 61 39 81 19

Hospitals .................................................... 66 34 80 20

Public administration ......................................... 61 39 88 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilian

workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 66 34 83 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 65 35 83 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 69 31 83 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 32 81 19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 69 31 82 18

500 workers or more .......................................... 67 33 81 19

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 66 34 85 15

New England ..................................................... 66 34 84 16

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 66 34 85 15

South ..................................................................... 71 29 81 19

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 32 79 21

East South Central ............................................ 77 23 84 16

West South Central ........................................... 74 26 82 18

Midwest ................................................................. 64 36 81 19

East North Central ............................................. 63 37 81 19

West North Central ............................................ 66 34 80 20

West ...................................................................... 66 34 82 18

Mountain ............................................................ 67 33 83 17

Pacific ................................................................ 65 35 82 18

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 3.8 3.8 2.9 2.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 6.2 6.2 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.4 3.4 2.8 2.8

Service ................................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 3.8 3.8 2.6 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.5 3.5 2.9 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.4

Production ......................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.5 3.5 2.8 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2

Educational services ...................................... 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.6 5.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.2 3.2 2.4 2.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9

Public administration ......................................... 7.5 7.5 3.2 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 3.9 3.9 3.0 3.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 2.7 3.1 3.1

West ...................................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.7 4.7 2.5 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2

March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 71 58 81 70 52 75

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 75 86 87 68 78

Management, business, and financial ............... 94 81 86 94 73 78

Professional and related .................................... 84 73 86 84 66 78

Teachers ........................................................ 82 72 88 81 66 81

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 84 89 94 76 81

Registered nurses ......................................... 88 73 83 88 63 72

Service ................................................................... 45 32 71 45 29 65

Protective service .............................................. 69 57 83 68 52 77

Sales and office ..................................................... 69 55 80 68 49 73

Sales and related ............................................... 56 41 74 55 37 68

Office and administrative support ...................... 77 63 82 76 57 75

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 75 64 85 74 60 81

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 69 59 86 68 56 82

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 81 68 85 80 64 79

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 75 60 81 74 55 75

Production ......................................................... 81 65 81 80 61 75

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 56 81 69 51 74

Full time ................................................................. 88 73 83 88 66 76

Part time ................................................................ 20 14 67 19 12 61

Union ..................................................................... 94 85 91 94 79 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 67 53 79 66 48 72

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 24 66 36 22 61

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23 12 54 22 11 49

Second 25 percent ............................................ 75 60 79 75 54 73

Third 25 percent ................................................ 87 74 85 87 68 79

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 82 88 93 74 79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 83 88 94 74 79

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 85 72 85 84 66 79

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 55 81 68 50 74

Education and health services ........................... 79 66 83 79 59 75

Educational services ...................................... 86 75 88 85 69 80

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 87 76 87 87 70 80

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 79 89 88 71 80

Health care and social assistance ................. 75 60 80 75 53 70

Hospitals .................................................... 92 80 87 91 69 76

Public administration ......................................... 88 80 91 88 76 86

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 44 35 79 26 20 79 69 52 75

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 60 49 82 34 28 80 86 67 78

Management, business, and financial ............... 64 53 82 37 30 82 92 72 78

Professional and related .................................... 58 47 81 34 27 80 83 64 78

Teachers ........................................................ 54 45 83 31 25 80 79 64 81

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 62 52 83 35 28 81 90 73 81

Registered nurses ......................................... 66 50 77 34 25 75 86 61 71

Service ................................................................... 27 19 73 17 13 76 43 28 65

Protective service .............................................. 47 37 80 31 24 78 64 51 79

Sales and office ..................................................... 40 31 77 22 17 78 67 49 73

Sales and related ............................................... 28 20 72 16 12 76 54 37 67

Office and administrative support ...................... 48 38 79 25 20 79 74 56 75

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 41 34 83 26 22 84 73 59 81

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 34 31 89 23 21 92 67 55 82

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 47 38 80 29 23 79 78 62 79

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 45 36 80 26 21 80 73 55 75

Production ......................................................... 49 38 78 26 20 77 79 60 76

Transportation and material moving .................. 42 35 82 27 22 82 68 50 74

Full time ................................................................. 55 44 80 32 26 80 86 65 76

Part time ................................................................ 12 8 68 7 5 68 19 12 61

Union ..................................................................... 74 64 86 55 47 85 92 78 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 30 77 21 16 77 65 47 72

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 17 12 67 10 7 69 35 21 61

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10 6 60 6 4 67 22 11 49

Second 25 percent ............................................ 43 34 78 24 19 79 73 53 72

Third 25 percent ................................................ 56 45 81 32 26 82 86 67 79

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 56 82 41 33 81 92 73 79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 72 59 82 45 36 80 93 73 79

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 52 44 83 31 26 83 83 66 79

Service-providing industries .................................. 43 34 79 25 19 79 67 49 74

Education and health services ........................... 53 42 79 27 22 79 77 57 74

Educational services ...................................... 55 45 81 32 26 80 84 68 80

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 55 45 81 32 26 81 85 69 80

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 58 47 82 33 25 76 87 70 80

Health care and social assistance ................. 51 40 78 24 19 79 72 50 69

Hospitals .................................................... 71 55 78 34 27 79 91 69 76

Public administration ......................................... 63 54 86 46 39 86 86 74 86

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2

March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 43 76 56 40 71

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 52 39 74 52 37 70

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 68 54 79 67 49 73

100 workers or more .............................................. 85 72 85 84 65 77

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 66 83 79 59 75

500 workers or more .......................................... 89 78 88 89 71 79

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 58 82 71 53 75

New England ..................................................... 69 55 79 69 50 73

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 60 83 71 54 76

South ..................................................................... 72 57 80 71 53 74

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 57 80 71 52 73

East South Central ............................................ 76 60 79 75 56 74

West South Central ........................................... 71 56 79 70 52 74

Midwest ................................................................. 71 57 81 71 51 72

East North Central ............................................. 71 57 80 70 51 72

West North Central ............................................ 72 59 82 71 52 73

West ...................................................................... 69 58 85 69 53 78

Mountain ............................................................ 68 56 82 68 51 75

Pacific ................................................................ 69 60 86 69 55 79

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 30 22 75 17 13 74 54 38 71

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 19 76 15 11 74 50 35 70

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 42 31 73 23 17 75 65 48 73

100 workers or more .............................................. 58 47 82 34 28 82 83 64 77

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 51 41 81 29 24 82 79 59 75

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 55 82 39 32 82 88 70 79

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 47 38 81 26 21 80 69 52 75

New England ..................................................... 44 34 79 13 10 76 67 48 72

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 39 81 30 24 80 70 53 76

South ..................................................................... 38 29 76 20 15 75 70 51 74

South Atlantic .................................................... 42 32 78 23 17 75 68 50 74

East South Central ............................................ 32 24 75 16 12 73 75 56 74

West South Central ........................................... 35 26 74 19 14 76 69 51 74

Midwest ................................................................. 46 36 78 24 19 79 69 50 72

East North Central ............................................. 45 35 78 26 21 79 69 50 72

West North Central ............................................ 47 37 79 20 16 78 69 50 73

West ...................................................................... 50 41 83 35 29 83 68 53 78

Mountain ............................................................ 44 38 85 27 22 83 67 50 75

Pacific ................................................................ 52 43 82 39 32 84 69 54 79

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 3 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

civilian workers,2 March 2016

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 2.0 2.0 0.7 2.0 1.9 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 2.2 0.8 2.2 2.1 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.3 2.1 1.6 1.4 2.1 2.0

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.7 3.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.5 1.3 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 2.2 1.5 2.7 2.2 1.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.7 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.3 0.7

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.1 1.1 2.2 2.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.3 0.8 2.2 1.3 0.7 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.3 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.1 1.4 2.5 1.9 1.8

Hospitals .................................................... 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 1.9 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 2.3 2.0 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.6 2.4 1.2 2.4 2.0 1.7 3.0 2.6 0.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.9 2.9 2.1 4.0 2.8 5.7 1.3 2.1 2.1

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.2 0.9 2.1 1.7 1.1 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 3.1 4.7 2.8 2.5 6.3 3.9 3.6 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 2.7 1.2 1.0 3.0 1.8 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.4 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.2 1.7 2.5 2.3 2.0 2.7 2.2 1.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.7

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.6 1.8 0.6 0.4 2.3 1.1 0.6 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.6 1.7 0.7 0.5 2.1 1.3 0.9 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.2 0.8 3.7 0.7 0.5 4.8 1.3 0.7 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.1 1.3 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 1.8 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.8 2.7 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 1.3 1.7 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 2.7 1.2 2.2 1.7 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.8

Hospitals .................................................... 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.3 2.0 2.3 0.8 1.2 1.1

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 2.2 0.9 2.3 2.1 1.2 1.8 1.7 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.4 1.5 2.7 2.2 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.1

New England ..................................................... 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.5 1.0 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.2 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 3.7 3.9 2.0 3.8 3.3 2.3

West South Central ........................................... 3.5 2.7 0.9 3.6 2.0 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.1 0.6 1.7 1.1 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.3 0.7 1.7 1.0 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 3.7 2.2 1.5 3.7 2.6 2.0

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 1.6 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.5 3.4 2.7 2.2 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.1 1.5 3.0 2.0 2.2 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 2.5 2.6 2.4 1.2 5.9 3.9 3.3 2.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 2.5 1.9 1.4 1.4 2.8 3.7 2.1 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.8 1.2 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.4 0.9 2.0 1.2 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 4.2 3.6 1.7 2.7 2.0 1.4 3.9 2.8 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 2.2 2.0 0.8 2.3 2.2 1.8 2.5 2.1 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.0

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 3 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 81 19 68 32

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 82 18 69 31

Management, business, and financial ............... 81 19 71 29

Professional and related .................................... 83 17 68 32

Teachers ........................................................ 86 14 66 34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 85 15 65 35

Registered nurses ......................................... 81 19 69 31

Service ................................................................... 82 18 67 33

Protective service .............................................. 87 13 77 23

Sales and office ..................................................... 79 21 66 34

Sales and related ............................................... 75 25 63 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 80 20 67 33

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 81 19 69 31

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 82 18 69 31

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 80 20 70 30

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 20 71 29

Production ......................................................... 79 21 71 29

Transportation and material moving .................. 81 19 70 30

Full time ................................................................. 81 19 69 31

Part time ................................................................ 78 22 64 36

Union ..................................................................... 87 13 80 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 21 65 35

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 23 61 39

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 75 25 61 39

Second 25 percent ............................................ 80 20 66 34

Third 25 percent ................................................ 82 18 70 30

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 82 18 72 28

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 82 18 73 27

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 80 20 72 28

Service-providing industries .................................. 81 19 68 32

Education and health services ........................... 82 18 65 35

Educational services ...................................... 85 15 66 34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 86 14 64 36

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 85 15 70 30

Health care and social assistance ................. 80 20 65 35

Hospitals .................................................... 81 19 72 28

Public administration ......................................... 87 13 77 23

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 80 20 64 36

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 81 19 65 35

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 22 64 36

100 workers or more .............................................. 81 19 71 29

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 21 68 32

500 workers or more .......................................... 83 17 73 27

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 82 18 75 25

New England ..................................................... 79 21 73 27

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 83 17 76 24

South ..................................................................... 80 20 63 37

South Atlantic .................................................... 79 21 66 34

East South Central ............................................ 80 20 61 39

West South Central ........................................... 79 21 59 41

Midwest ................................................................. 80 20 70 30

East North Central ............................................. 79 21 71 29

West North Central ............................................ 81 19 68 32

West ...................................................................... 83 17 70 30

Mountain ............................................................ 81 19 68 32

Pacific ................................................................ 83 17 71 29

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.1 1.1 2.1 2.1

Service ................................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Production ......................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.9 0.9 1.7 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.3

Hospitals .................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

New England ..................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5

West ...................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $436.83 18 $546.95 82 $413.48 $123.60

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 453.22 18 543.30 82 433.48 120.99

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 436.25 15 546.34 85 417.42 117.49

Professional and related .................................... 100 461.09 20 542.25 80 441.39 122.71

Teachers ........................................................ 100 507.77 23 558.39 77 492.50 120.49

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 509.00 24 562.08 76 491.79 125.10

Registered nurses ......................................... 100 445.47 17 586.74 83 415.77 123.36

Service ................................................................... 100 450.49 21 551.07 79 423.92 121.28

Protective service .............................................. 100 510.20 25 536.50 75 501.65 107.32

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 411.63 13 543.44 87 392.09 124.69

Sales and related ............................................... 100 380.51 8 560.26 92 364.97 131.53

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 423.92 15 539.89 85 403.68 121.77

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 443.22 24 586.94 76 397.20 134.66

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 461.75 31 605.68 69 395.31 139.50

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 427.89 18 560.01 82 398.50 131.31

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 418.28 17 523.20 83 397.42 124.32

Production ......................................................... 100 402.74 15 505.23 85 386.23 124.66

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 435.32 20 537.18 80 410.56 123.92

Full time ................................................................. 100 438.31 18 546.60 82 415.34 122.96

Part time ................................................................ 100 412.42 18 552.81 82 382.78 134.09

Union ..................................................................... 100 527.80 33 586.70 67 499.40 125.42

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 411.71 13 520.19 87 395.01 123.20

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 390.67 14 524.82 86 368.43 130.16

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 396.10 11 594.78 89 372.21 142.31

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 419.87 17 530.63 83 398.13 126.45

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 444.09 19 550.57 81 419.26 120.14

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 459.94 18 560.88 82 437.41 121.94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 455.56 17 531.96 83 440.14 124.11

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 420.66 19 540.24 81 393.53 122.80

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 440.48 17 548.57 83 417.91 123.77

Education and health services ........................... 100 461.80 17 557.29 83 441.70 120.52

Educational services ...................................... 100 496.00 22 545.68 78 481.60 119.05

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 504.11 25 549.25 75 488.81 124.97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 485.75 16 531.96 84 476.76 105.45

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 431.94 13 574.88 87 410.68 121.66

Hospitals .................................................... 100 449.45 12 560.50 88 434.57 115.87

Public administration ......................................... 100 534.35 21 561.66 79 527.12 101.55

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 $427.67 22 $545.76 78 $395.18 $129.72

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 432.60 23 550.22 77 397.86 126.83

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 416.74 19 533.84 81 389.51 135.81

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 442.14 15 547.93 85 423.29 120.31

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 422.95 14 560.52 86 400.63 126.29

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 459.80 16 537.95 84 444.70 114.67

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 468.40 20 552.95 80 446.83 128.55

New England ..................................................... 100 463.71 15 575.80 85 444.59 139.73

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 469.91 22 548.11 78 447.62 124.58

South ..................................................................... 100 414.03 16 519.69 84 394.65 123.28

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 423.36 15 532.42 85 404.89 123.74

East South Central ............................................ 100 398.54 16 494.99 84 380.55 117.90

West South Central ........................................... 100 406.97 17 514.17 83 384.89 125.50

Midwest ................................................................. 100 427.69 14 577.68 86 402.61 125.42

East North Central ............................................. 100 429.74 12 591.03 88 406.61 129.73

West North Central ............................................ 100 423.43 18 558.46 82 393.78 115.91

West ...................................................................... 100 455.65 22 552.04 78 429.25 117.95

Mountain ............................................................ 100 433.50 17 532.21 83 412.92 114.49

Pacific ................................................................ 100 465.24 23 558.39 77 436.88 119.58

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $2.28 0.6 $5.69 0.6 $2.34 $1.31

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.87 1.2 8.39 1.2 3.48 1.67

Management, business, and financial ............... 5.45 1.2 13.26 1.2 5.00 2.06

Professional and related .................................... 4.52 1.5 8.97 1.5 4.22 2.24

Teachers ........................................................ 7.37 2.0 11.42 2.0 8.60 4.24

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 8.85 1.9 12.46 1.9 10.36 5.16

Registered nurses ......................................... 9.90 3.5 27.45 3.5 8.51 3.34

Service ................................................................... 4.87 2.1 14.41 2.1 5.98 4.06

Protective service .............................................. 9.69 3.0 26.01 3.0 8.26 4.35

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.70 0.8 8.29 0.8 3.93 1.97

Sales and related ............................................... 7.32 1.0 20.49 1.0 6.64 2.75

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.67 0.9 8.78 0.9 4.19 2.52

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.96 2.0 10.99 2.0 6.28 4.15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 12.92 3.6 15.21 3.6 9.50 8.29

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5.61 2.1 15.97 2.1 7.16 3.65

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.48 1.2 13.75 1.2 5.61 2.93

Production ......................................................... 7.48 1.4 14.94 1.4 8.11 3.94

Transportation and material moving .................. 6.81 2.1 18.81 2.1 6.89 3.61

Full time ................................................................. 2.44 0.6 6.04 0.6 2.48 1.26

Part time ................................................................ 6.74 1.9 14.00 1.9 7.11 5.40

Union ..................................................................... 5.31 1.4 10.40 1.4 5.33 2.60

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.53 0.6 7.80 0.6 2.42 1.42

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6.78 1.6 13.35 1.6 6.71 3.43

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 11.58 1.8 31.09 1.8 11.57 7.79

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.32 0.7 10.92 0.7 3.62 2.38

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.87 0.8 9.00 0.8 3.89 1.64

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3.89 1.1 7.93 1.1 4.14 1.69

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.26 1.8 12.74 1.8 6.13 2.41

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 6.85 1.5 12.08 1.5 5.58 2.95

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.36 0.7 6.38 0.7 2.53 1.45

Education and health services ........................... 3.82 1.4 11.25 1.4 3.53 2.41

Educational services ...................................... 4.72 1.8 10.54 1.8 5.02 4.19

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.84 1.9 13.68 1.9 5.90 4.53

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8.62 3.3 8.98 3.3 9.37 6.88

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.27 2.0 20.94 2.0 5.05 2.61

Hospitals .................................................... 7.66 2.0 18.16 2.0 5.98 2.82

Public administration ......................................... 9.49 1.7 9.44 1.7 11.71 4.12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $4.02 1.0 $10.20 1.0 $4.60 $2.55

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.71 1.3 11.51 1.3 5.73 2.98

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.81 1.7 13.41 1.7 8.91 5.33

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.72 0.7 7.87 0.7 2.63 1.42

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.22 0.9 12.71 0.9 3.68 2.03

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.28 1.0 9.99 1.0 3.04 1.94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.97 0.8 8.94 0.8 6.68 1.32

New England ..................................................... 8.27 2.0 20.28 2.0 8.10 3.20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6.69 0.9 9.85 0.9 9.04 1.83

South ..................................................................... 2.88 0.9 7.35 0.9 3.19 2.77

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.26 1.2 10.53 1.2 5.05 3.82

East South Central ............................................ 6.40 1.9 14.66 1.9 6.97 8.77

West South Central ........................................... 4.49 1.7 11.44 1.7 4.40 3.69

Midwest ................................................................. 6.12 1.5 11.05 1.5 4.52 1.87

East North Central ............................................. 7.48 1.7 12.58 1.7 5.62 2.00

West North Central ............................................ 10.72 2.8 19.41 2.8 7.81 3.88

West ...................................................................... 5.11 1.7 15.01 1.7 5.51 2.83

Mountain ............................................................ 5.92 1.5 37.05 1.5 7.63 4.57

Pacific ................................................................ 6.82 2.3 15.39 2.3 7.41 3.58

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 70 16 13 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 69 15 13 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 73 13 12 2

Professional and related .................................... 67 17 14 3

Teachers ........................................................ 71 19 7 4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 71 16 8 4

Registered nurses ......................................... 61 16 21 2

Service ................................................................... 71 17 9 2

Protective service .............................................. 67 17 10 6

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 21 11 2

Sales and related ............................................... 60 28 11 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 17 11 2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 72 11 15 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 70 – 15 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 73 11 15 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 74 10 14 1

Production ......................................................... 77 11 12 4 ( )

Transportation and material moving .................. 71 10 18 2

Full time ................................................................. 70 15 13 2

Part time ................................................................ 60 24 14 2

Union ..................................................................... 72 10 12 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 69 17 13 1

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 71 21 8 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 78 15 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 69 18 12 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 71 14 13 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 14 14 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 13 14 3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 74 11 14 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 69 17 12 2

Education and health services ........................... 69 18 11 2

Educational services ...................................... 69 21 7 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 70 18 8 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 68 27 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 68 16 14 1

Hospitals .................................................... 60 21 17 2

Public administration ......................................... 67 17 6 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 74 12 13 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 12 14 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 11 11 1

100 workers or more .............................................. 67 18 12 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 16 13 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 65 20 12 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 14 11 3

New England ..................................................... 79 10 10 2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 16 12 4

South ..................................................................... 71 18 11 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 69 20 – –

East South Central ............................................ 76 18 – –

West South Central ........................................... 71 – 15 –

Midwest ................................................................. 70 14 15 1

East North Central ............................................. 70 15 14 1

West North Central ............................................ 71 – 16 –

West ...................................................................... 66 16 14 4

Mountain ............................................................ 63 20 15 2

Pacific ................................................................ 68 14 14 5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.4 2.1 1.1 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.7 2.2 1.4 1.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.3 2.4 2.9 0.8

Service ................................................................... 2.0 1.5 1.1 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 3.1 2.8 1.9 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.2 1.6 1.4 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.1 1.9 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.9 – 3.2 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 1.1 2.1 0.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.1 1.4 1.5 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.7 2.0 1.8 0.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 1.6 2.2 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 2.4 2.1 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.7 2.3 1.0 0.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.5 3.1 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.0 1.7 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 1.7 1.4 0.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.5 1.4 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.2 2.0 0.8 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.4 2.0 1.2 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.7 3.4 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.1 2.4 0.5

Hospitals .................................................... 3.5 3.1 2.3 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 2.8 2.1 1.1 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 1.4 1.2 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 1.6 2.2 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.0 1.3 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.3 1.7 2.1 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.3 1.7 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.6 – –

East South Central ............................................ 6.1 4.2 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.1 – 1.0 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 1.2 1.7 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 1.5 2.2 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 3.7 – 2.1 –

West ...................................................................... 2.1 1.9 1.7 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 5.0 4.1 3.8 0.6

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 1.7 0.5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,030.76 8 $1,425.77 92 $997.67 $503.73

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,058.37 6 1,400.66 94 1,035.86 496.36

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 1,074.96 5 1,426.73 95 1,057.60 462.74

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,050.66 7 1,392.35 93 1,025.51 512.36

Teachers ........................................................ 100 1,037.91 6 1,401.41 94 1,014.26 537.37

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 1,025.01 7 1,388.21 93 997.86 561.66

Registered nurses ......................................... 100 1,066.97 8 1,536.44 92 1,023.35 511.21

Service ................................................................... 100 1,018.32 10 1,379.33 90 976.17 531.99

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,171.55 11 1,244.95 89 1,162.49 403.70

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 964.14 4 1,453.21 96 941.54 511.76

Sales and related ............................................... 100 892.12 4 1,517.94 96 868.49 529.92

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 992.44 5 1,433.62 95 970.57 504.55

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,052.26 15 1,512.12 85 970.40 537.17

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 1,074.62 22 1,567.04 78 937.97 590.03

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 1,034.12 10 1,412.84 90 993.21 499.99

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,056.34 10 1,410.28 90 1,015.48 471.09

Production ......................................................... 100 1,046.52 8 1,427.25 92 1,012.81 442.40

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 1,067.07 13 1,398.45 87 1,018.56 504.15

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,036.44 7 1,422.61 93 1,005.00 501.25

Part time ................................................................ 100 937.68 11 1,461.17 89 872.76 546.15

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,286.26 23 1,482.31 77 1,226.53 432.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 960.36 3 1,319.52 97 947.63 519.42

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 870.16 6 1,380.03 94 839.46 556.58

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 917.12 4 1,519.82 96 893.98 574.61

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 968.49 6 1,330.61 94 943.81 530.34

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,057.63 8 1,456.68 92 1,020.85 490.30

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,111.80 9 1,461.30 91 1,077.87 475.44

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,133.68 9 1,409.10 91 1,107.46 450.75

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 1,081.79 12 1,448.86 88 1,033.60 459.69

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,019.29 7 1,416.99 93 990.01 513.13

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,001.67 6 1,403.26 94 977.10 548.33

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,017.78 6 1,379.19 94 994.02 536.87

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 989.04 7 1,347.92 93 960.83 577.73

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,083.56 4 1,505.79 96 1,065.98 447.28

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 987.43 5 1,427.52 95 962.27 558.37

Hospitals .................................................... 100 1,113.00 5 1,502.30 95 1,090.49 452.46

Public administration ......................................... 100 1,200.00 8 1,343.45 92 1,187.65 388.99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 $963.30 8 $1,399.62 92 $924.11 $563.57

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 953.06 8 1,349.68 92 917.74 556.09

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 985.79 8 1,506.69 92 938.15 580.02

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,069.40 7 1,442.37 93 1,039.44 469.76

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,017.96 6 1,504.52 94 986.44 502.09

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,116.60 9 1,402.40 91 1,089.44 439.26

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,169.52 14 1,425.42 86 1,128.41 453.11

New England ..................................................... 100 1,180.89 10 1,518.04 90 1,145.37 470.41

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,165.79 15 1,406.45 85 1,122.48 447.06

South ..................................................................... 100 926.43 4 1,456.58 96 904.05 546.98

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 987.27 5 1,489.16 95 958.89 517.88

East South Central ............................................ 100 853.12 4 1,275.01 96 837.21 540.19

West South Central ........................................... 100 865.62 2 1,491.74 98 852.08 597.55

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,054.32 7 1,395.83 93 1,027.19 485.63

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,077.00 7 1,403.59 93 1,052.17 475.23

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,007.73 8 1,381.69 92 975.38 507.19

West ...................................................................... 100 1,055.56 9 1,429.54 91 1,019.38 490.73

Mountain ............................................................ 100 968.81 6 1,277.27 94 947.66 470.66

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,093.43 10 1,472.75 90 1,051.88 499.82

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $6.74 0.4 $16.80 0.4 $6.69 $5.22

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10.00 0.6 28.65 0.6 9.28 8.07

Management, business, and financial ............... 14.49 0.7 42.55 0.7 14.19 9.11

Professional and related .................................... 12.26 0.8 35.26 0.8 11.21 9.94

Teachers ........................................................ 18.88 0.7 36.85 0.7 19.47 13.92

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 21.20 0.9 42.03 0.9 22.04 16.95

Registered nurses ......................................... 31.61 2.6 53.44 2.6 29.38 36.88

Service ................................................................... 19.67 1.9 49.47 1.9 21.45 16.27

Protective service .............................................. 23.21 2.7 69.98 2.7 23.92 14.13

Sales and office ..................................................... 11.87 0.5 38.76 0.5 12.30 6.88

Sales and related ............................................... 18.48 0.6 83.34 0.6 18.83 13.84

Office and administrative support ...................... 12.10 0.5 39.99 0.5 12.32 9.99

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16.45 1.7 33.05 1.7 14.69 14.50

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 29.02 3.5 38.82 3.5 20.97 23.73

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 17.30 1.4 70.04 1.4 20.12 17.01

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 17.01 1.1 25.08 1.1 17.18 10.55

Production ......................................................... 24.11 1.1 46.13 1.1 23.51 12.26

Transportation and material moving .................. 22.25 1.9 30.15 1.9 22.75 16.64

Full time ................................................................. 7.22 0.5 18.24 0.5 6.99 5.37

Part time ................................................................ 24.14 1.8 38.34 1.8 24.39 19.22

Union ..................................................................... 11.25 1.4 15.46 1.4 12.04 9.86

Nonunion ............................................................... 8.22 0.3 35.19 0.3 7.79 5.83

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 23.51 1.2 45.17 1.2 24.66 12.08

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 34.55 0.8 125.02 0.8 39.06 27.09

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10.68 0.5 44.49 0.5 11.13 10.70

Third 25 percent ................................................ 9.87 0.6 18.90 0.6 9.59 8.13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 9.30 0.7 20.67 0.7 9.41 7.58

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 14.40 1.2 39.40 1.2 14.29 8.78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 16.63 1.5 34.10 1.5 13.93 10.85

Service-providing industries .................................. 7.21 0.4 18.86 0.4 7.34 6.10

Education and health services ........................... 13.21 0.6 27.82 0.6 12.75 12.29

Educational services ...................................... 16.91 0.5 29.28 0.5 17.25 11.50

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 19.46 0.7 37.38 0.7 19.73 13.74

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 32.45 0.6 28.86 0.6 33.17 16.02

Health care and social assistance ................. 20.66 1.2 57.29 1.2 18.26 20.40

Hospitals .................................................... 22.72 1.2 86.51 1.2 20.26 12.16

Public administration ......................................... 17.24 0.9 37.40 0.9 18.40 15.71

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $11.01 0.7 $34.95 0.7 $11.75 $10.85

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 14.34 1.0 55.40 1.0 13.77 12.08

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 23.36 0.9 42.47 0.9 23.85 18.31

100 workers or more .............................................. 7.52 0.5 17.92 0.5 7.52 5.39

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 11.87 0.7 27.77 0.7 11.57 7.90

500 workers or more .......................................... 8.69 0.7 22.49 0.7 8.80 6.93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14.46 0.8 27.61 0.8 17.99 7.30

New England ..................................................... 26.02 1.8 53.88 1.8 27.23 16.50

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17.11 1.1 30.85 1.1 23.26 9.14

South ..................................................................... 12.66 0.7 38.32 0.7 11.89 8.66

South Atlantic .................................................... 17.45 1.2 53.15 1.2 15.56 10.85

East South Central ............................................ 30.83 0.8 136.14 0.8 32.59 21.38

West South Central ........................................... 17.52 0.7 63.79 0.7 18.44 16.88

Midwest ................................................................. 13.72 1.0 41.87 1.0 12.56 13.25

East North Central ............................................. 17.14 1.5 53.67 1.5 15.72 12.36

West North Central ............................................ 23.58 0.8 68.42 0.8 21.63 31.56

West ...................................................................... 11.47 1.0 31.70 1.0 10.22 10.52

Mountain ............................................................ 11.70 0.9 33.66 0.9 11.88 22.75

Pacific ................................................................ 15.26 1.3 41.44 1.3 13.65 11.13

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 71 15 13 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 71 14 13 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 74 12 12 2

Professional and related .................................... 69 15 13 2

Teachers ........................................................ 73 17 7 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 75 14 8 4

Registered nurses ......................................... 64 15 20 2

Service ................................................................... 71 16 11 2

Protective service .............................................. 70 15 9 6

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 19 11 2

Sales and related ............................................... 60 28 11 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 16 12 2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 72 11 16 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 69 – 17 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 11 14 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 74 10 15 1

Production ......................................................... 77 10 12 4 ( )

Transportation and material moving .................. 71 10 18 1

Full time ................................................................. 71 14 13 2

Part time ................................................................ 63 23 – –

Union ..................................................................... 73 10 12 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 16 13 1

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 19 10 4 ( )

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 79 14 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 17 12 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 72 13 13 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 70 13 14 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 71 13 13 3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 74 11 14 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 15 13 2

Education and health services ........................... 70 16 11 2

Educational services ...................................... 72 18 7 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 74 15 8 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 69 26 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 69 14 15 1

Hospitals .................................................... 61 19 17 3

Public administration ......................................... 69 16 6 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 11 13 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 74 11 15 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 10 11 1

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 17 12 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 71 15 14 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 19 11 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 72 13 11 3

New England ..................................................... 80 10 9 1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 15 12 4

South ..................................................................... 72 16 11 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 18 – –

East South Central ............................................ 77 17 – –

West South Central ........................................... 70 11 17 1

Midwest ................................................................. 71 13 15 1

East North Central ............................................. 71 14 14 1

West North Central ............................................ 71 – 17 –

West ...................................................................... 67 15 15 3

Mountain ............................................................ 66 18 14 1

Pacific ................................................................ 68 13 15 4

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 1.9 1.0 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 1.8 1.3 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.3 2.2 2.8 0.7

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.3 1.5 0.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.5 1.7 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.3 1.6 1.3 0.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.0 1.9 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.2 – 3.2 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 1.0 2.2 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 1.3 1.4 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.5 1.9 1.8 0.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 1.5 1.9 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 2.2 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.8 1.2 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.5 2.1 1.5 0.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.1 2.9 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 0.9 1.6 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 1.7 1.4 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.3 1.4 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 1.9 0.8 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.0 1.7 1.1 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.6 4.3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 1.9 2.5 0.6

Hospitals .................................................... 3.4 2.7 2.4 1.2

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 1.9 1.1 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 1.4 2.0 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 0.9 1.4 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.1 1.6 2.0 0.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.0 1.1 1.7 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.2 – –

East South Central ............................................ 5.5 4.2 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.6

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 1.2 1.8 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 1.5 2.3 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 4.3 – 2.5 –

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.4 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 3.4 3.4 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, civilian workers,1 March

2016

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $37.65 $68.87 $107.74 $152.15 $222.72 $179.82 $270.98 $412.72 $657.55 $1015.74

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 34.00 63.98 101.57 145.43 227.50 171.76 267.00 407.50 637.13 992.80

Management, business, and financial ............... 44.61 69.33 103.66 145.14 202.90 167.88 266.48 397.92 581.00 847.71

Professional and related .................................... 30.00 60.82 100.00 146.28 240.51 179.00 267.84 415.25 667.00 1049.05

Teachers ........................................................ 21.00 51.00 90.36 148.37 259.15 161.63 258.42 476.77 728.97 1073.94

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 22.76 57.08 92.60 150.58 273.00 163.07 272.37 485.68 783.60 1098.00

Registered nurses ......................................... 47.84 70.00 92.95 140.96 211.02 174.90 286.71 396.91 635.67 1036.13

Service ................................................................... 30.00 65.43 97.50 151.00 236.40 180.00 271.87 441.88 741.16 1059.00

Protective service .............................................. 35.51 53.80 83.00 125.00 165.00 153.40 214.77 329.71 536.97 731.71

Sales and office ..................................................... 43.33 73.67 113.63 156.00 217.42 195.00 284.24 424.24 673.56 1020.48

Sales and related ............................................... 55.63 81.27 120.50 161.92 219.00 224.16 291.73 420.99 682.19 951.92

Office and administrative support ...................... 35.50 68.65 109.50 155.01 211.34 185.00 281.41 427.08 673.56 1027.70

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38.78 79.00 118.02 165.35 234.19 175.70 272.22 418.68 669.19 1129.67

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 38.50 80.51 105.51 171.33 234.47 203.53 296.42 465.66 746.51 1150.89

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 39.41 78.98 124.67 159.46 232.84 132.30 261.72 392.83 601.17 1083.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 45.37 75.26 113.88 156.83 214.77 177.09 260.00 385.96 577.41 906.06

Production ......................................................... 40.75 75.01 111.15 153.87 207.89 152.12 254.58 377.12 524.65 869.50

Transportation and material moving .................. 50.70 77.99 117.24 160.11 230.63 196.41 266.48 408.39 691.94 1055.55

Full time ................................................................. 37.74 68.87 107.25 151.44 215.03 179.42 270.00 410.25 651.40 1015.74

Part time ................................................................ 32.65 70.00 117.68 198.19 236.40 209.00 305.85 493.28 691.94 1019.78

Union ..................................................................... 30.65 66.00 100.51 160.01 236.40 118.32 222.93 334.82 561.47 894.59

Nonunion ............................................................... 39.37 69.44 108.87 151.36 215.00 190.67 288.69 428.94 667.00 1035.02

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 38.00 74.16 113.54 163.15 236.40 218.00 308.09 486.68 731.71 1005.88

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 53.21 74.87 117.86 202.57 236.40 223.00 288.41 501.32 731.71 1024.75

Second 25 percent ............................................ 35.93 69.62 108.42 155.98 230.63 182.87 281.41 431.67 691.94 1081.30

Third 25 percent ................................................ 37.65 67.15 107.25 151.00 210.62 170.67 260.00 399.49 626.46 987.06

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 37.56 67.68 104.30 150.08 215.57 167.60 264.59 388.60 598.76 931.80

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 42.26 70.00 105.78 149.99 217.23 161.87 263.30 361.00 558.96 829.57

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 40.00 70.80 107.70 153.87 210.37 153.00 254.58 371.70 543.32 869.50

Service-providing industries .................................. 36.30 68.35 107.74 152.07 227.50 182.18 274.78 425.00 673.56 1028.71

Education and health services ........................... 30.00 60.43 95.73 143.40 243.00 181.85 286.23 457.93 766.88 1098.00

Educational services ...................................... 20.00 47.58 89.00 146.36 242.99 162.25 258.00 476.04 716.80 1055.55

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 20.22 50.00 91.63 156.52 273.00 151.49 271.98 553.00 815.19 1122.52

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 20.00 40.00 81.24 132.40 189.76 176.26 241.00 381.72 578.86 685.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 30.00 69.07 100.00 141.71 243.00 205.59 295.51 436.75 821.76 1106.41

Hospitals .................................................... 42.90 78.03 104.02 134.60 193.12 192.44 286.71 377.24 550.00 799.44

Public administration ......................................... 28.20 50.00 77.97 118.50 163.32 – 199.98 315.38 511.29 696.19

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $40.00 $72.42 $113.16 $157.55 $236.40 $187.06 $296.42 $455.64 $785.52 $1106.41

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 35.00 73.48 112.51 151.66 211.84 189.85 299.71 433.30 746.23 1106.08

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 44.50 71.00 116.00 176.27 267.00 185.08 294.12 512.00 843.87 1106.41

100 workers or more .............................................. 37.00 67.15 104.72 150.00 211.15 175.20 260.84 393.98 578.86 887.40

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 41.16 71.46 109.95 159.19 235.63 195.91 284.24 427.08 650.55 942.49

500 workers or more .......................................... 32.48 62.28 96.58 139.49 197.23 145.16 235.11 356.47 545.29 803.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 46.19 73.86 112.51 159.70 227.50 157.63 249.91 361.76 554.14 850.83

New England ..................................................... 51.48 89.38 124.49 176.29 249.15 174.78 280.01 386.27 568.61 840.60

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 45.43 70.54 104.99 152.82 215.03 150.00 231.99 352.78 543.10 887.40

South ..................................................................... 34.76 68.35 108.97 154.20 219.46 199.16 305.92 478.32 704.17 1058.59

South Atlantic .................................................... 39.00 67.68 108.28 153.82 234.00 180.00 281.65 429.21 663.68 1015.49

East South Central ............................................ – – 105.03 151.00 221.00 206.09 317.00 474.46 685.00 1024.75

West South Central ........................................... 35.00 74.00 115.66 156.00 210.15 254.58 359.57 536.97 850.65 1106.41

Midwest ................................................................. 43.33 73.32 108.23 151.66 235.63 179.23 258.00 396.79 613.70 1008.12

East North Central ............................................. 45.00 77.97 109.95 158.00 240.72 169.81 254.30 392.14 576.34 974.59

West North Central ............................................ 35.40 67.16 100.75 145.14 211.84 192.44 263.60 412.55 670.00 1052.39

West ...................................................................... 30.00 60.93 96.12 146.72 205.45 144.28 251.56 399.34 620.88 1009.72

Mountain ............................................................ 36.30 63.98 91.69 147.86 195.17 191.52 261.88 378.77 604.89 912.43

Pacific ................................................................ 30.00 60.47 98.91 146.63 206.90 125.00 250.26 406.00 641.65 1036.24

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $2.06 $1.61 $1.63 $1.72 $7.78 $2.99 $3.67 $4.95 $13.54 $23.71

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.89 2.46 2.66 3.07 10.54 7.28 7.43 8.52 16.67 44.72

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.25 2.40 4.28 4.70 6.53 11.17 12.31 10.19 23.41 46.76

Professional and related .................................... 0.84 2.10 2.53 4.70 7.01 10.02 9.21 14.62 17.09 38.40

Teachers ........................................................ 4.07 5.13 4.57 9.68 21.30 25.36 14.92 16.25 37.32 33.28

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.29 9.19 5.81 11.13 13.51 24.64 24.36 26.80 49.20 33.73

Registered nurses ......................................... 6.80 4.14 7.60 8.71 18.32 26.06 34.92 21.97 93.20 155.18

Service ................................................................... 4.04 6.21 6.44 2.65 9.42 6.81 9.90 26.17 31.69 36.77

Protective service .............................................. 5.17 2.98 5.41 3.17 15.56 29.99 13.46 14.31 25.94 29.45

Sales and office ..................................................... 5.22 2.94 2.83 3.18 9.08 6.25 7.57 5.87 13.96 36.56

Sales and related ............................................... 3.47 5.46 3.25 6.38 7.84 7.74 16.83 9.65 41.71 56.81

Office and administrative support ...................... 5.83 2.94 2.27 4.12 12.68 7.64 10.27 10.47 15.70 31.70

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.96 6.75 5.25 5.92 16.39 16.29 10.23 15.68 40.46 47.31

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 7.13 9.09 5.21 11.08 21.58 23.97 12.56 24.59 58.85 30.46

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6.93 10.21 4.27 9.80 21.27 35.10 18.41 16.93 33.30 78.11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.46 2.83 3.03 5.20 16.18 10.26 9.02 11.26 18.75 56.42

Production ......................................................... 3.63 3.41 4.13 6.03 20.08 17.87 14.79 21.38 13.01 33.05

Transportation and material moving .................. 4.21 4.41 4.39 4.62 16.63 13.17 10.04 20.61 53.55 92.19

Full time ................................................................. 1.75 1.69 1.63 1.29 4.93 3.31 3.97 5.39 15.08 23.42

Part time ................................................................ 8.77 6.25 8.41 15.56 5.80 20.85 31.57 38.68 3.99 149.24

Union ..................................................................... 2.98 2.42 2.98 5.07 0.00 21.96 7.44 13.11 31.96 51.59

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.18 1.66 1.41 1.30 5.49 7.43 5.26 5.16 7.80 23.44

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.31 4.34 5.89 6.89 0.00 12.29 17.39 17.98 27.42 35.57

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 12.35 5.27 10.59 5.82 9.60 16.91 26.95 64.87 23.54 73.25

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.69 2.72 2.36 4.74 11.35 7.63 8.72 10.74 46.21 22.38

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.01 2.17 2.10 1.42 4.53 6.56 4.40 7.44 22.18 54.38

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.19 2.05 2.94 2.91 10.48 6.72 4.16 8.55 18.80 39.09

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.00 3.00 4.51 4.55 22.07 14.08 2.92 8.70 20.16 28.19

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.21 3.59 2.41 4.88 7.66 17.87 8.23 14.13 10.88 30.64

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.42 1.75 2.03 1.79 8.25 3.81 5.88 5.85 11.38 22.63

Education and health services ........................... 1.08 4.91 4.57 5.34 5.51 9.44 10.72 23.78 46.96 30.60

Educational services ...................................... 2.44 6.43 4.07 7.77 11.90 16.69 10.10 20.67 41.66 35.40

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.67 4.96 3.79 7.54 10.24 18.95 17.13 30.09 38.56 29.38

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.34 8.13 6.12 6.19 9.34 19.61 16.50 33.80 47.60 4.16

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.03 5.21 4.39 7.23 7.37 17.69 10.02 32.72 55.26 25.76

Hospitals .................................................... 5.39 3.34 5.06 5.27 8.40 25.25 14.75 12.53 21.81 87.72

Public administration ......................................... 2.37 0.86 4.55 6.37 5.97 – 19.76 16.87 41.93 56.93

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $5.86 $3.09 $2.06 $5.00 $8.33 $6.28 $8.79 $16.28 $28.25 $5.59

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7.31 3.71 2.36 2.98 5.87 8.92 11.33 18.49 36.30 17.09

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8.20 5.12 5.61 11.80 23.80 9.33 11.61 27.54 46.16 18.97

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.00 2.10 1.99 1.98 6.67 7.53 3.99 4.80 10.51 15.79

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.26 2.99 1.80 4.35 3.10 6.73 7.75 6.78 24.31 35.54

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.68 3.64 3.38 3.30 3.19 6.29 7.87 7.15 17.54 41.88

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.42 2.86 1.69 3.02 11.88 8.50 12.11 10.23 17.22 40.05

New England ..................................................... 6.70 6.90 4.47 12.46 25.66 10.96 14.10 10.79 20.26 78.69

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.24 2.43 3.78 5.63 9.70 11.48 10.55 11.10 23.53 47.58

South ..................................................................... 3.20 3.82 2.18 5.32 13.12 6.12 6.28 12.07 27.68 26.93

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.00 3.99 2.84 8.52 20.08 2.95 7.91 9.63 15.81 54.26

East South Central ............................................ – – 9.85 13.25 23.47 20.10 17.22 59.38 17.20 51.87

West South Central ........................................... 8.22 5.50 1.83 6.27 14.44 12.73 10.92 19.82 52.61 16.07

Midwest ................................................................. 2.74 3.07 1.64 2.73 4.05 11.25 4.70 12.93 38.38 82.32

East North Central ............................................. 3.01 2.95 4.49 5.22 9.23 7.33 9.84 18.64 41.75 69.86

West North Central ............................................ 8.63 7.71 8.77 6.63 24.65 15.06 9.62 26.38 58.65 164.20

West ...................................................................... 1.19 5.00 6.52 4.51 4.98 21.34 7.79 12.42 25.45 47.69

Mountain ............................................................ 1.72 9.19 11.40 16.23 13.84 15.63 19.75 44.78 41.23 76.90

Pacific ................................................................ 0.00 5.99 6.60 3.54 6.91 26.03 6.88 19.05 22.44 61.34

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 59 57 98 38 37 97 34 33 97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 77 76 99 45 45 99 52 51 97

Management, business, and financial ............... 83 83 99 61 60 98 62 60 96

Professional and related .................................... 74 73 98 39 38 99 48 47 97

Teachers ........................................................ 73 71 98 23 22 97 41 39 96

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 82 81 98 21 21 98 41 40 97

Registered nurses ......................................... 77 77 99 42 42 99 52 51 98

Service ................................................................... 34 32 95 23 21 94 13 13 96

Protective service .............................................. 71 69 97 26 25 98 20 19 97

Sales and office ..................................................... 56 55 98 39 37 96 33 32 97

Sales and related ............................................... 42 40 96 31 29 93 20 19 94

Office and administrative support ...................... 64 63 98 43 42 98 40 39 98

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 58 56 97 36 35 98 27 26 97

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 51 49 97 30 29 100 19 18 97

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 65 63 97 41 40 98 35 33 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 63 60 97 45 43 96 30 29 96

Production ......................................................... 68 66 98 50 49 98 33 32 98

Transportation and material moving .................. 58 55 96 40 38 95 28 26 94

Full time ................................................................. 74 73 98 46 45 98 44 42 97

Part time ................................................................ 12 11 89 14 13 90 5 5 95

Union ..................................................................... 85 83 97 50 48 96 37 36 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 54 53 98 36 35 97 33 32 97

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 22 92 18 17 91 8 8 94

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 14 12 86 12 11 92 4 4 89

Second 25 percent ............................................ 61 60 98 39 37 96 32 31 97

Third 25 percent ................................................ 75 74 98 47 46 98 45 43 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 84 83 99 53 52 99 57 55 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 86 85 99 57 57 99 62 60 98

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 70 68 98 51 51 99 37 36 97

Service-providing industries .................................. 57 55 98 36 34 97 33 32 96

Education and health services ........................... 69 68 99 31 30 98 42 40 97

Educational services ...................................... 77 75 98 26 25 97 43 41 96

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 76 74 98 23 23 98 37 36 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 85 83 98 32 31 96 58 54 94

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 63 99 34 33 99 41 40 98

Hospitals .................................................... 90 89 99 48 47 99 60 59 98

Public administration ......................................... 82 81 98 26 26 98 31 29 94

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 41 39 97 29 28 97 23 23 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 35 98 27 26 96 21 20 97

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 55 52 95 34 33 97 30 29 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 74 98 47 45 97 44 42 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 68 66 98 45 44 97 37 36 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 83 98 48 47 98 51 49 96

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 59 58 98 61 60 99 33 32 97

New England ..................................................... 58 56 97 37 36 97 33 33 98

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 60 59 99 70 69 99 33 32 97

South ..................................................................... 61 59 97 33 32 96 33 32 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 60 59 98 37 35 96 35 34 96

East South Central ............................................ 62 59 96 29 27 94 33 32 95

West South Central ........................................... 62 60 96 30 29 97 30 29 97

Midwest ................................................................. 62 60 98 38 37 96 38 37 97

East North Central ............................................. 61 59 97 41 39 96 38 37 97

West North Central ............................................ 64 63 98 32 31 97 39 38 97

West ...................................................................... 51 50 98 26 25 97 30 29 96

Mountain ............................................................ 54 53 98 29 28 96 35 34 95

Pacific ................................................................ 50 49 98 24 24 97 28 27 96

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.1 1.2 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.6 0.1 1.8 1.8 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.4 1.3 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 2.1 0.4 1.6 1.5 0.8 2.3 2.2 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 2.5 0.4 2.0 1.9 1.0 2.9 2.8 0.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.5 2.5 0.2 2.9 2.9 0.5 3.3 3.3 0.4

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 2.7 0.6 2.8 2.7 0.5 2.4 2.3 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.6 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.5 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 2.8 0.9 2.4 2.4 0.3 1.5 1.5 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.9 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.7 1.8 1.8 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.6 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.7

Production ......................................................... 2.5 2.4 0.6 1.8 1.8 0.2 2.0 2.0 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.9 0.7 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.7 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.6 0.6 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.6 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.2 3.4 1.2 1.1 2.3 0.8 0.7 4.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.5 0.2 2.0 1.9 0.2 1.7 1.8 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.7 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.9 1.8 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.7 1.9 1.8 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 1.8 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.9 2.2 2.2 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.5 0.5 2.3 2.1 1.2 3.4 3.2 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.6 0.2 2.1 2.1 0.4 3.0 2.9 0.5

Hospitals .................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.3 2.6 2.6 0.3 2.3 2.4 0.5

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 2.0 0.3 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.7 1.1 2.0 1.9 0.6 2.0 1.9 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.4 1.3 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 0.9 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.2 1.4 0.4 1.5 1.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.9 2.6 2.5 0.3 2.9 2.9 0.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.7 0.5 1.8 1.9 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.8 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.7

East South Central ............................................ 1.7 2.3 1.5 2.8 2.7 2.4 3.1 4.0 3.6

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 3.1 0.9 3.5 3.3 0.3 1.3 1.2 0.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.6 0.4 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.5 0.5 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.8 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 4.2 3.6 0.8 2.6 2.5 0.7 2.5 2.5 0.8

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 1.6 0.2 2.1 1.8 1.9 3.0 3.0 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.4 0.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.6 0.9

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 6 94

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5 95

Management, business, and financial ............... 4 96

Professional and related .................................... 6 94

Teachers ........................................................ 9 91

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 91

Registered nurses ......................................... 4 96

Service ................................................................... 9 91

Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94

Sales and related ............................................... 9 91

Office and administrative support ...................... 4 96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 95

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4 96

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95

Transportation and material moving .................. 5 95

Full time ................................................................. 6 94

Part time ................................................................ 5 95

Union ..................................................................... 5 95

Nonunion ............................................................... 6 94

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 91

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 6 94

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5 95

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 6 94

Education and health services ........................... 6 94

Educational services ...................................... 9 91

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 9 91

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 97

Hospitals .................................................... 4 96

Public administration ......................................... 10 90

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 93

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 92

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5 95

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 5 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 94

New England ..................................................... 11 89

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 95

South ..................................................................... 7 93

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 94

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95

East North Central ............................................. 6 94

West North Central ............................................ 3 97

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and

workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 1.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.9 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.0 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 2.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.7 0.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.1 1.1

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.9

New England ..................................................... 1.7 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 0.9 0.9

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and

workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1 March

2016

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 57 2 38 2 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 63 1 33 2 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 2 26 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 59 1 36 2 1

Teachers ........................................................ 40 1 53 4 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 33 1 59 4 3

Registered nurses ......................................... 74 – 24 2 –

Service ................................................................... 50 1 44 3 1

Protective service .............................................. 40 3 52 5 1

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 2 34 2 1

Sales and related ............................................... 60 – 34 2 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 2 34 2 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 40 1 55 3 1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 25 – 70 4 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 52 1 45 2 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 52 1 43 3 1

Transportation and material moving .................. 53 2 41 3 1

Full time ................................................................. 58 2 37 2 1

Part time ................................................................ 51 – 42 5 –

Union ..................................................................... 40 1 51 7 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 62 2 34 1 1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 50 1 47 2 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 42 – 54 3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 54 2 41 2 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 57 1 37 3 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 63 2 32 2 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 67 2 28 2 1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 59 2 36 2 1

Education and health services ........................... 55 1 39 3 1

Educational services ...................................... 42 1 50 4 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 33 – 59 4 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 60 2 33 4 1

Health care and social assistance ................. 66 – 31 2 –

Hospitals .................................................... 76 – 21 2 –

Public administration ......................................... 36 3 52 7 2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 49 – 48 2 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 50 3 ( ) 47 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 47 – 49 2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 62 2 33 3 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 60 3 34 2 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 1 31 3 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 62 – 31 4 –

New England ..................................................... 62 – 33 2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 63 – 31 5 –

South ..................................................................... 60 2 35 1 2

South Atlantic .................................................... 65 2 30 1 3

East South Central ............................................ 54 – 37 3 –

West South Central ........................................... 54 – 43 1 –

Midwest ................................................................. 56 1 40 3 3 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 55 1 41 2 1

West North Central ............................................ 57 – 37 4 –

West ...................................................................... 51 2 45 2 3 ( )

Mountain ............................................................ 55 1 43 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 49 – 47 3 –

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except

the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.3 1.5 0.3 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 0.2 1.7 0.3 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 0.3 2.5 0.7 0.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.0 0.4 2.9 0.9 0.7

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 – 3.4 0.7 –

Service ................................................................... 2.4 0.3 2.3 0.5 0.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.6 0.7 3.8 1.3 0.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.6 1.2 0.3 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 – 2.1 0.4 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.4 1.5 0.3 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 0.3 1.7 0.5 0.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.5 – 2.8 1.2 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 0.4 1.9 0.4 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 0.3 1.9 0.5 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.3 0.4 2.4 0.7 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.4 – 3.5 0.9 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.2 1.4 0.6 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.4 – 4.3 1.1 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.2 1.3 0.3 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 0.7 1.7 0.3 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 0.2 2.2 0.5 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.4 0.4 2.3 0.5 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.4 – 2.3 0.6 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.2 1.0 4.0 0.9 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.6 – 3.3 0.8 –

Hospitals .................................................... 2.1 – 1.9 0.6 –

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 0.6 2.6 0.7 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 – 1.9 0.2 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 0.1 1.9 0.3 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 – 3.4 0.6 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.4 1.6 0.4 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 – 1.6 0.6 –

New England ..................................................... 2.9 – 3.1 0.9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 – 1.9 0.6 –

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 0.3 1.8 0.2 0.6

East South Central ............................................ 3.2 – 3.9 1.0 –

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 – 2.6 0.3 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 0.2 2.1 0.5 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 0.2 2.9 0.3 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 – 2.8 1.3 –

West ...................................................................... 2.4 0.4 2.4 0.5 0.1

Mountain ............................................................ 3.3 0.4 3.5 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.2 – 3.1 0.6 –

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except

the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, civilian workers,1 March

2016

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 3 ( ) 61 10 24 4 1.4 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 ( ) 58 10 26 5 1.4 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 ( ) 55 9 28 7 1.5 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 3 ( ) 60 11 25 5 1.4 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 50 19 27 – 1.4 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 52 22 25 – 1.4 –

Registered nurses ......................................... – 78 8 12 – 1.2 1.0

Service ................................................................... – 69 8 20 – 1.3 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 61 – 19 7 1.4 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 3 ( ) 62 10 23 4 1.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 68 10 21 – 1.3 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 3 ( ) 60 11 24 5 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1 61 10 25 2 1.3 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 59 16 23 2 1.3 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1 62 8 26 2 1.3 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 59 13 25 – 1.4 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 65 15 19 – 1.3 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 3 ( ) 60 10 25 4 1.4 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 73 6 18 – 1.2 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 3 ( ) 65 14 17 5 1.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 ( ) 60 10 26 4 1.4 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 69 7 21 – 1.3 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 65 – – – 1.3 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3 ( ) 66 11 20 3 1.3 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 57 12 25 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 ( ) 58 9 28 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 ( ) 56 9 29 6 1.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 ( ) 63 10 23 4 1.4 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1 65 12 20 3 1.3 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1 46 18 31 3 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 47 23 30 1 1.4 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3 45 13 33 6 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. – 75 8 14 – 1.2 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 77 9 14 – 1.2 1.0

Public administration ......................................... – 56 19 19 – 1.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 60 10 25 5 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 60 9 26 – 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 60 12 22 – 1.4 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 ( ) 61 11 24 4 1.4 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 61 9 24 – 1.4 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 61 12 25 3 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1 57 16 23 4 1.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... – 62 17 19 – 1.3 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1 55 15 25 4 1.4 1.0

South ..................................................................... 3 ( ) 61 8 26 4 1.4 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 62 8 25 4 1.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 56 8 32 – 1.4 –

West South Central ........................................... – 62 9 26 – 1.4 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 61 10 25 – 1.4 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 63 10 23 5 1.4 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 56 11 29 – 1.4 1.0

West ...................................................................... – 65 8 21 – 1.3 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 70 – 17 – 1.2 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 63 – 23 7 1.4 1.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 ( ) 1.6 0.8 1.5 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.1 2.1 1.2 1.8 1.0 3 ( ) 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 2.0 1.0 1.9 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 4.7 2.6 4.6 – 3 () –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 6.0 3.6 4.9 – 0.1 –

Registered nurses ......................................... – 3.4 1.5 3.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 3.2 1.2 3.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 5.5 – 4.2 2.2 0.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.1 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 3.6 1.9 3.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.1 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.4 2.7 1.5 2.6 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 6.1 4.4 5.2 0.8 0.1 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.6 3.0 1.2 3.2 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 1.7 1.5 1.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.7 1.9 2.4 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 4.6 1.4 4.4 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 2.7 1.6 2.0 1.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.1 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.4 3 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.7 1.2 3.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 9.7 – – – 0.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.2 1.6 1.1 1.6 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.1 2.1 1.2 2.1 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.2 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.1 2.7 1.3 2.8 1.1 3 ( ) 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.1 3.9 2.4 5.2 0.5 3 ( ) 0.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 4.1 3.0 4.6 0.2 3 ( ) 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.3 6.1 2.5 8.3 1.0 0.1 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.1 1.3 2.5 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 3.5 1.8 3.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 4.2 2.3 3.1 – 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.1 2.0 1.5 1.6 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 2.7 1.8 2.0 – 3 ( ) 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 4.1 2.1 3.0 – 3 ( ) 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.3 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.8 0.8 1.5 – 3 ( ) 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.1 2.0 1.2 2.1 0.3 3 ( ) 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.1 2.6 1.1 2.6 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 5.7 4.2 4.3 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.2 3.4 1.2 3.5 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.1 1.6 1.0 1.6 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.1 1.9 1.1 1.5 1.2 3 ( ) 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 7.3 3.0 7.4 – 0.1 –

West South Central ........................................... – 1.9 2.1 2.3 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 2.2 1.3 2.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.3 1.2 2.1 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 4.3 3.1 4.7 – 3 ( ) 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 2.8 2.0 2.4 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 5.4 – 2.5 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.1 – 3.4 2.8 3 ( ) 0.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 3 Less than 0.05. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 76 $50,000 $70,000 $200,000 $500,000 $1,000,000 24

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 77 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 – 23

Management, business, and financial ............... 80 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 – 20

Professional and related .................................... 75 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 – 25

Teachers ........................................................ 65 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 35

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 57 50,000 50,000 100,000 – 500,000 43

Registered nurses ......................................... 81 50,000 – 300,000 750,000 1,000,000 19

Service ................................................................... 75 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 25

Protective service .............................................. 60 – 50,000 – – 750,000 40

Sales and office ..................................................... 81 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 19

Sales and related ............................................... 84 50,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 16

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 70 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 30

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 71 50,000 100,000 200,000 – 1,000,000 29

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 70 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 2,000,000 30

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 69 50,000 70,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 31

Transportation and material moving .................. 71 50,000 – 100,000 300,000 – 29

Full time ................................................................. 76 50,000 70,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

Part time ................................................................ 67 50,000 50,000 – – 750,000 33

Union ..................................................................... 61 50,000 – 150,000 400,000 1,000,000 39

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 50,000 75,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 23

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 80 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 20

Second 25 percent ............................................ 77 50,000 50,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 23

Third 25 percent ................................................ 76 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 75 50,000 100,000 300,000 – – 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 76 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 24

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 78 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 22

Education and health services ........................... 75 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 25

Educational services ...................................... 66 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 53 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 300,000 47

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 80 50,000 50,000 – 400,000 500,000 20

Health care and social assistance ................. 79 50,000 100,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 21

Hospitals .................................................... 80 50,000 – 500,000 – 1,000,000 20

Public administration ......................................... 50 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 – 50

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 $50,000 $50,000 $170,000 $500,000 $1,000,000 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 82 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 18

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 74 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 26

100 workers or more .............................................. 75 50,000 – 250,000 650,000 1,000,000 25

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 76 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

500 workers or more .......................................... 74 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 – 26

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 74 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 26

New England ..................................................... 77 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 73 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 27

South ..................................................................... 77 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 23

South Atlantic .................................................... 75 50,000 – 250,000 750,000 2,000,000 25

East South Central ............................................ 82 50,000 – 100,000 – 1,000,000 18

West South Central ........................................... 78 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 22

Midwest ................................................................. 75 50,000 70,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 25

East North Central ............................................. 77 50,000 – – 500,000 – 23

West North Central ............................................ 71 50,000 50,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 29

West ...................................................................... 77 50,000 – 200,000 – 1,000,000 23

Mountain ............................................................ 81 50,000 – 200,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 19

Pacific ................................................................ 75 50,000 – 200,000 – – 25

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 $0.00 $16,040.96 $35,737.45 $6,689.54 $0.00 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.00 0.00 31,984.14 55,061.90 – 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.00 5,050.50 56,430.58 86,964.07 – 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.00 7,358.50 71,871.36 187,873.79 – 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 3.7 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00 3.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.6 0.00 0.00 26,978.03 – 58,318.09 5.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.1 0.00 – 55,163.39 182,098.19 0.00 2.1

Service ................................................................... 2.6 0.00 – 47,772.90 0.00 49,157.91 2.6

Protective service .............................................. 5.3 – 0.00 – – 134,666.02 5.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.00 0.00 30,420.88 0.00 18,920.89 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 27,581.70 0.00 115,091.27 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.00 – 16,661.67 0.00 62,753.49 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.7 0.00 0.00 30,065.76 55,567.53 – 2.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5.6 0.00 29,774.11 19,663.16 – 0.00 5.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 0.00 0.00 – 101,009.90 586,852.62 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.0 0.00 5,309.66 – 0.00 0.00 3.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.9 0.00 – 0.00 87,097.76 – 3.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.00 14,671.32 50,003.44 24,119.49 0.00 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 3.6 0.00 3,784.18 – – 88,241.15 3.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 0.00 – 25,252.48 82,582.69 0.00 2.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.00 22,317.43 47,459.76 72,667.05 18,920.89 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.4 0.00 – – 47,302.22 261,235.05 3.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.00 0.00 12,762.84 0.00 0.00 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.00 – 34,572.71 0.00 0.00 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.00 0.00 9,460.44 – – 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 0.00 17,520.99 39,138.12 149,283.29 423,083.92 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.00 – 17,883.99 0.00 13,379.09 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 0.00 – 19,855.67 0.00 0.00 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 0.00 0.00 – 50,906.51 0.00 3.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.5 0.00 0.00 21,260.55 37,841.78 49,629.02 4.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 0.00 0.00 – 54,756.28 35,555.41 2.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 0.00 17,068.17 – 18,320.07 0.00 2.1

Hospitals .................................................... 2.7 0.00 – 53,982.59 – 0.00 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 4.0 0.00 7,079.55 – 41,323.84 – 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 $0.00 $12,639.52 $48,322.41 $0.00 $0.00 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 0.00 9,554.58 – 0.00 0.00 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 0.00 – 53,995.02 0.00 66,895.44 3.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.00 – 7,479.14 165,490.18 106,193.22 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 26,758.18 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.00 14,095.74 15,195.72 189,090.59 – 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.00 – – 3,344.77 0.00 1.5

New England ..................................................... 2.5 0.00 – 9,460.44 0.00 – 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.00 – 24,360.23 47,302.22 0.00 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.00 – 34,598.59 106,298.52 – 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 0.00 – 51,077.64 155,846.28 505,049.50 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 3.4 0.00 – 28,961.94 – 137,908.48 3.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 0.00 – – 0.00 149,582.75 2.7

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 0.00 16,013.04 58,666.20 0.00 259,084.93 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 0.00 – – 142,849.57 – 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.7 0.00 10,889.79 67,418.52 0.00 0.00 3.7

West ...................................................................... 2.4 0.00 – 19,765.31 – 277,031.14 2.4

Mountain ............................................................ 3.2 0.00 – 48,604.04 270,905.89 0.00 3.2

Pacific ................................................................ 3.2 0.00 – 32,074.95 – – 3.2

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 civilian workers,2

March 2016

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Management, business, and financial ............... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Teachers ........................................................ – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Registered nurses ......................................... 5,000 10,000 – 50,000 50,000

Service ................................................................... – 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 10,000 – 25,000 50,000

Sales and office ..................................................... – 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Sales and related ............................................... – 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... – 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10,000 12,500 20,000 40,000 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Transportation and material moving .................. 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Part time ................................................................ 5,000 – – – 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 41,116 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 10,000 20,000 27,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10,000 10,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 12,500 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 15,000 – 50,000 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... – 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. – 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Hospitals .................................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Public administration ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 civilian workers,2

March 2016—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

New England ..................................................... 5,000 – – – 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

South ..................................................................... 10,000 10,000 – 25,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

West South Central ........................................... – 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 33,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 41,116 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 41,116 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except

the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

civilian workers,2 March 2016

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $6,497.79 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 453.11 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.00 668.95 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... – 2,766.27 668.95 0.00 0.00

Teachers ........................................................ – 267.58 0.00 983.16 0.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 791.29 2,655.67 0.00 1,383.94 0.00

Registered nurses ......................................... 550.33 598.33 – 14,513.98 0.00

Service ................................................................... – 0.00 0.00 3,080.10 0.00

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 1,744.42 – 3,475.99 0.00

Sales and office ..................................................... – 675.61 0.00 9,938.58 0.00

Sales and related ............................................... – 0.00 5,516.34 5,181.70 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... – 1,976.53 2,590.85 3,065.53 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.00 428.34 0.00 5,439.14 0.00

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 0.00 3,609.88 0.00 0.00

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.00 3,508.03 1,158.66 8,975.71 0.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.00 3,218.64 0.00 856.68 7,136.02

Transportation and material moving .................. 668.95 – 0.00 5,545.47 7,862.90

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Part time ................................................................ 0.00 – – – 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,921.74 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 4,640.44 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 652.02 0.00 0.00 668.95 5,870.05

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 0.00 4,230.84 5,006.00 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 2,525.47 0.00 4,707.46 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 1,650.84 0.00 6,155.11 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 3,554.91 0.00 0.00 0.00

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1,495.83 – 0.00 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1,575.44 0.00 0.00 2,299.77 0.00

Education and health services ........................... – 0.00 5,690.44 6,334.20 0.00

Educational services ...................................... – 0.00 6,337.79 7,637.05 0.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2,839.21 0.00 5,363.33 2,419.08 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 133.79 0.00 3,465.67 – 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. – 0.00 5,006.00 10,668.31 0.00

Hospitals .................................................... 0.00 1,196.66 4,386.63 6,520.16 0.00

Public administration ......................................... 0.00 0.00 1,158.66 5,870.05 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $7,267.94 $0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.00 2,165.59 668.95 8,825.13 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 0.00 1,638.60 – 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 972.91 0.00 0.00 5,831.91 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,463.49 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 149.31 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 4,505.40 0.00 7,829.91

New England ..................................................... 0.00 – – – 10,577.10

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 0.00 0.00 0.00 12,568.51

South ..................................................................... 93.65 0.00 – 0.00 0.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 1,502.87 0.00 5,882.24 0.00 0.00

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 3,435.20 0.00 0.00 0.00

West South Central ........................................... – 0.00 2,675.82 0.00 9,967.20

Midwest ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,263.93 0.00

East North Central ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,347.69 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 0.00 884.94 4,192.59 9,888.77 0.00

West ...................................................................... 1,687.04 – 946.04 10,858.68 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ 1,383.94 668.95 2,590.85 11,788.51 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except

the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, civilian workers,1 March

2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured2

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 44 41 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 40 12 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 51 39 – –

Professional and related .................................... 45 42 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 43 40 14 2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 40 44 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 44 43 – –

Service ................................................................... 28 42 28 1

Protective service .............................................. 45 34 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 47 37 15 3 ( )

Sales and related ............................................... 51 33 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 39 15 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 – 15 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 43 44 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 44 45 – –

Production ......................................................... 48 45 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 39 45 – –

Full time ................................................................. 45 42 – –

Part time ................................................................ 26 30 43 1

Union ..................................................................... 36 44 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 45 40 – –

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 34 34 32 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 29 47 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 41 45 13 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 43 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 48 39 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 49 39 12 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 44 46 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 43 40 – –

Education and health services ........................... 35 49 – –

Educational services ...................................... 43 41 13 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 37 47 12 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 58 29 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 30 54 – –

Public administration ......................................... 49 41 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured2

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 43 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 33 40 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 30 51 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 50 39 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 47 43 10 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 54 35 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 30 44 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 21 26 53 1

South ..................................................................... 53 47 – 3 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 51 49 – 1

East South Central ............................................ 54 46 – –

West South Central ........................................... 56 44 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 57 41 – –

East North Central ............................................. 57 41 – –

West ...................................................................... 41 50 8 1

Mountain ............................................................ 37 62 – 1

Pacific ................................................................ 44 43 13 1

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector,

except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data

did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding,

civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured2

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.2 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.8 0.9 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.6 2.0 – –

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 2.6 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 3.4 4.2 2.7 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.2 4.9 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.5 5.5 – –

Service ................................................................... 3.0 4.0 2.6 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 6.4 6.5 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.7 0.9 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 2.2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 2.1 1.6 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 – 2.1 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.3 2.5 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.5 2.4 – –

Production ......................................................... 3.0 2.8 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.9 3.6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.2 – –

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 2.8 2.2 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 2.4 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 – –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.9 3.1 2.7 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 3.9 5.7 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.9 1.5 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 1.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.2 1.2 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 2.0 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.4 – –

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 3.6 – –

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 3.2 1.9 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.4 4.5 2.7 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 2.6 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.0 5.5 – –

Public administration ......................................... 4.3 4.1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding,

civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured2

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 2.1 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 2.5 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 3.8 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.5 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 2.0 1.0 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 2.1 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.2 1.8 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 2.4 2.1 0.5

South ..................................................................... 2.6 2.7 – 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.9 4.0 – 0.1

East South Central ............................................ 7.9 7.9 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.8 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6 – –

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 2.0 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.3 2.3 0.8 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.9 4.0 – 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.9 2.6 1.2 0.3

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector,

except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 16 84

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Management, business, and financial ............... 10 90

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Teachers ........................................................ 11 89

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 14 86

Registered nurses ......................................... 13 87

Service ................................................................... 32 68

Protective service .............................................. 22 78

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 84

Sales and related ............................................... 20 80

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 84

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 12 88

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12 88

Production ......................................................... 8 92

Transportation and material moving .................. 17 83

Full time ................................................................. 13 87

Part time ................................................................ 41 59

Union ..................................................................... 17 83

Nonunion ............................................................... 15 85

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 34 66

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 46 54

Second 25 percent ............................................ 15 85

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 88

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12 88

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 88

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 11 89

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 83

Education and health services ........................... 14 86

Educational services ...................................... 10 90

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 11 89

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6 94

Health care and social assistance ................. 16 84

Public administration ......................................... 15 85

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 22 78

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 24 76

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 81

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 87

500 workers or more .......................................... 10 90

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 37 63

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 43 57

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 6 94

West South Central ........................................... 4 96

Midwest ................................................................. 6 94

East North Central ............................................. 7 93

West ...................................................................... 9 91

Mountain ............................................................ 4 96

Pacific ................................................................ 11 89

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in

the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 2.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.5 3.5

Service ................................................................... 2.3 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 4.1 4.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.2 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 1.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.3 2.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.2 4.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.0 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 2.6 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 2.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.7

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.7 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 0.7 0.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in

the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1

March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 5 2 71 21 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 72 25 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 1 63 34 2 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 1 1 78 19 1

Teachers ........................................................ – – 89 5 2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 88 3 2

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 91 7 –

Service ................................................................... 6 – 86 6 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 79 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 1 72 25 1

Sales and related ............................................... 3 – 70 24 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2 1 72 25 2 ( )

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15 – 61 19 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6 – 61 30 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 14 – 65 17 –

Production ......................................................... 18 – 55 22 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 9 – 76 12 –

Full time ................................................................. 6 2 70 22 1

Part time ................................................................ 2 – 89 7 –

Union ..................................................................... 15 7 66 12 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 1 73 23 1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 – 82 10 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 – 87 6 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 1 74 17 2 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6 3 71 20 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 2 66 28 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 1 66 30 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15 – 57 23 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 1 75 20 1

Education and health services ........................... 3 – 90 6 –

Educational services ...................................... 2 – 88 7 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 90 3 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1 – 82 16 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 – 91 6 –

Public administration ......................................... 2 – 85 11 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1

March 2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 77 16 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 2 77 16 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 – 76 14 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 2 68 24 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 – 69 23 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 5 2 68 24 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3 1 83 13 2 ( )

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2 – 86 11 –

South ..................................................................... 6 3 64 27 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 3 67 24 1

East South Central ............................................ 7 – 64 25 –

West South Central ........................................... 5 – 60 33 –

Midwest ................................................................. 10 2 65 23 2 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 10 – 66 22 –

West ...................................................................... 4 2 73 20 2

Mountain ............................................................ 3 – 76 19 –

Pacific ................................................................ 4 2 71 20 3

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except

the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 0.4 2.1 2.0 0.1

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ – – 2.9 1.0 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 4.4 1.2 1.1

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 2.2 1.9 –

Service ................................................................... 1.3 – 2.5 1.1 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 6.0 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 – 2.1 2.1 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 – 2.7 2.4 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 – 3.7 3.6 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 – 2.0 2.1 –

Production ......................................................... 1.5 – 2.9 2.9 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 – 2.2 2.4 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.9 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 – 1.2 0.9 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.1 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 – 2.6 1.0 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 – 2.6 1.2 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.1 1.8 1.6 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.5 1.4 1.2 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.3 1.3 1.4 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.4 1.8 1.9 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 – 1.8 1.9 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 – 1.5 1.2 –

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 – 1.5 0.7 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 2.3 1.0 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 – 1.6 1.5 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 – 2.2 1.7 –

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 – 2.7 2.4 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.4 1.1 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.4 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 – 2.7 2.1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 – 1.8 1.7 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 0.3 1.8 1.7 0.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 – 2.0 2.0 –

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.5 1.6 1.7 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9 2.2 2.6 0.1

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 – 5.1 2.6 –

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 – 2.7 2.1 –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.8 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 – 1.4 2.3 –

West ...................................................................... 1.0 0.3 1.9 1.5 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.3 – 2.7 1.8 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.5 2.6 2.2 0.9

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except

the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks2

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 12 20 26 26 26 8

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 12 20 26 26 26 5

Professional and related .................................... 91 12 21 26 26 26 9

Teachers ........................................................ 84 12 20 26 – 52 16

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 80 12 20 26 – 52 20

Registered nurses ......................................... 95 12 – 26 26 26 5

Service ................................................................... 95 12 – 26 26 26 5

Protective service .............................................. 93 12 – 26 26 26 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 92 12 21 26 26 26 8

Sales and related ............................................... 90 11 – 26 26 26 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 92 13 26 26 26 – 8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 89 13 25 26 26 52 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 92 13 24 26 26 26 8

Production ......................................................... 90 13 21 26 26 26 10

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 13 25 26 26 26 6

Full time ................................................................. 92 12 21 26 26 26 8

Part time ................................................................ 95 13 26 26 26 26 5

Union ..................................................................... 88 13 26 26 26 36 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 94 12 21 26 26 26 6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 94 13 26 26 26 26 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 12 21 26 26 26 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 92 12 20 26 26 26 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 12 24 26 26 26 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 91 12 24 26 26 26 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 92 12 22 26 26 26 8

Service-providing industries .................................. 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Education and health services ........................... 92 12 20 26 26 26 8

Educational services ...................................... 83 13 22 26 26 52 17

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 80 13 21 26 – 52 20

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 13 26 26 26 – 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 97 12 – 26 26 26 3

Public administration ......................................... 88 – 24 26 26 52 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks2

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 12 18 26 26 26 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 94 12 18 26 26 26 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 97 12 20 26 26 26 3

100 workers or more .............................................. 91 12 22 26 26 26 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 93 12 18 26 26 26 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 13 25 26 26 26 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 94 – 26 26 26 26 6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 25 26 26 26 26 6

South ..................................................................... 92 12 18 26 26 26 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 93 12 18 26 26 36 7

East South Central ............................................ 90 12 21 26 26 26 10

West South Central ........................................... 92 12 13 26 26 26 8

Midwest ................................................................. 90 12 13 26 26 26 10

East North Central ............................................. 90 12 15 26 26 26 10

West ...................................................................... 94 11 13 26 26 26 6

Mountain ............................................................ 93 11 13 21 26 26 7

Pacific ................................................................ 95 12 25 26 26 26 5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March

2016

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks2

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 2.0 1.3 1.8 0.0 – 0.0 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.9 1.5 2.9 0.0 – 0.0 2.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.0 0.5 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.1 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 1.7 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 – 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.2 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 5.5 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.3 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 8.9 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.2 1.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 0.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.1 0.4 1.5 0.0 – 0.0 3.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 – 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.0 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 – 3.3 0.0 0.0 1.7 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks2

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 0.4 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.6 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 8.6 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.2 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 0.0 1.3 5.0 0.0 0.0 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1 24 1 39 22 13 62.0 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 ( ) 19 1 39 24 16 63.8 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 15 1 38 28 17 64.5 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 2 ( ) 20 2 40 22 16 63.4 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 30 4 27 19 19 63.5 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 31 3 28 23 15 62.3 60.0

Registered nurses ......................................... – 30 1 46 18 – 59.0 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 31 – 36 22 8 59.8 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 30 – 37 23 5 58.9 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 29 1 38 20 11 60.8 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 37 – 36 15 11 60.0 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 26 2 39 22 10 61.1 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2 ( ) 30 1 34 23 12 60.9 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 19 – 43 23 13 62.6 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3 18 2 ( ) 46 19 14 62.1 60.0

Production ......................................................... – 13 – 48 18 17 62.6 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 21 – 45 21 11 61.6 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 22 1 41 21 14 62.3 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 35 – 24 31 6 59.7 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 2 25 3 34 25 11 60.7 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 23 1 41 21 13 62.2 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 35 – 35 22 6 59.1 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 35 – 29 27 6 59.6 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2 25 1 42 19 11 60.8 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 21 1 42 22 13 62.1 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 19 1 38 24 17 64.3 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 19 – 38 22 20 65.2 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 16 – 42 20 20 63.1 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 25 1 39 22 12 61.8 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 25 – 42 19 12 61.3 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 34 5 25 18 18 62.8 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 37 3 26 22 12 61.0 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 25 11 26 10 29 67.2 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 20 – 50 19 9 60.6 60.0

Public administration ......................................... – 30 – 30 32 5 59.9 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 23 – 38 27 12 62.4 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 25 – 35 27 11 62.0 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 17 – 44 25 13 63.2 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 24 1 41 19 14 61.7 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 22 2 ( ) 43 19 13 61.2 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 26 – 38 19 14 62.2 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 31 – 24 36 7 61.2 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 34 – 22 37 6 60.6 60.0

South ..................................................................... – 23 – 50 12 15 61.6 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 24 – 47 13 15 61.4 60.0

East South Central ............................................ – 22 – 49 – – 62.5 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 19 – 57 10 13 61.6 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 15 – 50 16 19 63.9 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 16 – 50 16 18 63.6 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 19 – 41 17 15 61.9 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 16 – 52 – – 63.0 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 21 – 34 19 14 61.2 60.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note

for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2016

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.9 0.1 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.1 1.1 0.2 2.2 1.8 1.5 0.4 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 1.8 0.2 3.3 3.6 1.8 0.5 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 1.3 0.2 2.8 2.0 1.7 0.5 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 3.4 0.6 2.7 4.0 2.4 0.8 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 4.2 0.7 3.3 4.7 2.8 1.0 0.0

Registered nurses ......................................... – 3.8 0.2 5.0 2.9 – 0.6 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 2.7 – 3.2 2.7 2.3 0.5 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 4.6 – 6.8 4.5 1.8 1.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 1.2 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.8 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 1.8 – 2.5 2.2 1.2 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 1.4 0.4 2.3 2.0 0.9 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.1 3.0 0.4 2.8 2.5 2.4 0.8 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 3.6 – 4.2 3.6 3.2 1.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 2.1 0.1 2.1 2.0 1.4 0.5 0.0

Production ......................................................... – 3.6 – 3.9 3.3 2.1 0.7 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.3 – 3.0 2.4 1.2 0.7 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.9 0.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.5 – 4.3 3.4 0.9 0.5 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 2.5 0.5 2.0 2.3 1.4 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.0 – 2.9 2.4 0.7 0.5 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 4.8 – 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.7 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 1.6 0.3 2.0 1.6 1.4 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 1.4 0.2 1.8 1.5 1.4 0.3 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 1.1 0.2 2.3 2.0 1.4 0.4 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1.8 – 3.1 2.2 2.2 0.7 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 2.5 – 2.4 2.6 2.2 0.5 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 1.9 – 3.4 3.2 1.9 0.5 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 2.9 0.7 2.3 2.3 2.4 0.9 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 3.6 0.7 3.6 3.4 2.5 0.8 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.3 1.1 2.8 1.2 4.1 1.8 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 2.5 – 3.9 4.0 2.7 0.7 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 4.3 – 5.4 3.8 1.3 0.6 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 1.9 – 2.5 2.4 1.3 0.4 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 2.3 – 2.6 2.7 1.7 0.6 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 2.2 – 4.0 4.0 2.4 0.8 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 1.3 0.2 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 1.9 0.2 2.7 1.8 1.5 0.4 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 1.8 – 1.9 1.4 1.7 0.5 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.4 – 2.5 3.0 0.7 0.4 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.5 – 2.8 3.2 0.6 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 1.5 – 2.6 1.8 2.0 0.5 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 1.9 – 3.6 2.7 2.9 0.5 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 4.7 – 6.8 – – 2.3 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 2.7 – 4.3 1.5 3.0 0.9 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 2.1 – 1.8 1.9 2.1 0.4 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.8 – 2.0 2.3 2.3 0.5 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 2.4 – 2.7 3.0 2.4 0.7 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 4.2 – 4.1 – – 1.4 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 2.9 – 3.8 4.0 1.7 0.6 0.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note

for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 73 $170 $275 $604 $1,250 $2,500 27

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 69 170 500 750 1,500 2,500 31

Management, business, and financial ............... 67 170 559 1,000 1,500 2,500 33

Professional and related .................................... 70 170 500 700 1,500 2,500 30

Teachers ........................................................ 77 170 500 692 1,000 2,000 23

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 79 – 500 692 831 – 21

Registered nurses ......................................... 59 170 – – 2,307 3,000 41

Service ................................................................... 74 170 170 535 700 1,500 26

Protective service .............................................. 71 170 – 576 – 2,500 29

Sales and office ..................................................... 79 170 200 604 1,250 2,500 21

Sales and related ............................................... 85 170 200 500 1,250 – 15

Office and administrative support ...................... 77 170 200 615 1,300 2,500 23

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 78 170 185 500 1,000 – 22

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 75 170 350 600 1,000 2,300 25

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 72 170 350 561 1,000 1,846 28

Production ......................................................... 69 170 350 604 1,500 2,500 31

Transportation and material moving .................. 75 170 350 500 800 1,500 25

Full time ................................................................. 72 170 346 615 1,500 2,500 28

Part time ................................................................ 84 170 170 500 604 – 16

Union ..................................................................... 80 170 200 500 808 1,662 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 72 170 315 615 1,500 2,500 28

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 83 170 170 500 636 1,500 17

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 90 170 170 500 615 – 10

Second 25 percent ............................................ 75 170 220 600 1,250 2,309 25

Third 25 percent ................................................ 70 170 350 615 1,400 2,325 30

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 70 170 500 700 1,500 2,500 30

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 68 170 500 831 1,800 2,500 32

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 71 170 350 615 1,200 2,300 29

Service-providing industries .................................. 74 170 249 604 1,269 2,500 26

Education and health services ........................... 68 170 – 615 1,154 2,500 32

Educational services ...................................... 72 170 – 692 831 2,000 28

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 78 170 – 692 831 – 22

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 170 185 604 1,039 2,000 43

Health care and social assistance ................. 66 170 – 615 1,500 2,500 34

Public administration ......................................... 72 170 200 615 – 1,662 28

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 77 $170 – $604 $1,000 $1,965 23

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 77 170 $170 604 1,000 1,500 23

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 170 315 604 1,200 2,500 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 71 170 300 615 1,500 2,500 29

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 170 300 604 1,500 2,500 27

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 170 – 625 1,500 2,500 32

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 87 170 170 572 615 1,480 13

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 90 170 170 500 604 1,000 10

South ..................................................................... 67 215 500 1,000 1,730 2,500 33

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 – 500 – 1,730 2,500 30

East South Central ............................................ 62 200 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 38

West South Central ........................................... 65 250 500 – – 2,500 35

Midwest ................................................................. 59 250 500 900 1,500 2,500 41

East North Central ............................................. 59 270 500 – 1,500 2,500 41

West ...................................................................... 73 185 500 1,000 1,662 2,500 27

Mountain ............................................................ 70 – – – – 2,500 30

Pacific ................................................................ 75 170 – – 1,662 2,500 25

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 $0.00 $45.83 $0.00 $214.50 $128.97 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.9 0.00 50.31 71.84 255.40 0.00 1.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.0 0.00 19.93 165.43 316.49 0.00 3.0

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 0.00 14.65 56.38 296.70 40.14 2.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.7 5.31 149.10 0.00 146.87 372.93 2.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.2 – 36.86 0.00 71.50 – 3.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 7.2 43.25 – – 41.31 353.19 7.2

Service ................................................................... 2.9 0.00 31.86 63.09 107.77 275.33 2.9

Protective service .............................................. 5.9 15.66 – 31.84 – 0.00 5.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 1.93 205.71 18.92 1.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 0.00 0.00 76.67 284.68 – 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 0.00 33.36 14.13 215.61 51.25 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 0.00 31.79 17.08 213.96 – 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4.0 12.04 67.37 55.76 152.53 592.35 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.4 0.00 41.00 71.94 22.34 354.99 2.4

Production ......................................................... 2.8 27.59 47.11 42.23 40.14 298.97 2.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.5 0.00 60.68 1.89 217.55 0.00 3.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 0.00 58.30 4.20 28.96 0.00 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.00 0.00 16.42 9.48 – 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 0.00 30.31 6.58 83.81 244.17 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 0.00 26.19 3.55 53.11 0.00 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.4 0.00 7.24 57.47 108.37 293.10 2.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 0.00 0.00 124.72 3.23 – 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.00 50.22 5.43 162.26 171.59 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 0.00 75.81 21.58 192.44 236.83 1.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 0.00 0.00 51.61 132.78 0.00 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.7 0.00 34.94 97.28 402.37 547.84 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 0.00 46.08 19.06 240.03 197.73 1.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 0.00 58.31 0.00 272.16 100.78 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 2.5 0.00 – 103.53 328.20 236.47 2.5

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 0.00 – 82.66 170.16 381.11 2.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.2 14.75 – 77.80 6.19 – 3.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.1 0.00 0.00 44.50 90.32 183.69 4.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.6 0.00 – 78.80 357.57 501.85 3.6

Public administration ......................................... 4.0 38.71 22.79 11.11 – 95.50 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 $0.00 – $3.51 $25.69 $494.28 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 0.00 $32.83 8.11 0.00 0.00 2.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 0.00 85.21 5.58 228.73 580.54 3.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 0.00 22.59 10.56 13.38 0.00 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 0.00 50.81 9.99 0.00 0.00 1.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 0.00 – 85.63 61.49 0.00 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 0.00 0.00 33.52 0.00 400.37 1.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 0.00 0.00 78.10 9.96 180.28 1.3

South ..................................................................... 2.9 47.39 0.00 89.68 193.53 0.00 2.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.7 – 0.00 – 208.05 116.60 3.7

East South Central ............................................ 8.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 48.24 51.95 8.1

West South Central ........................................... 5.8 67.49 0.00 – – 120.25 5.8

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 30.21 20.89 247.74 0.00 0.00 2.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 30.13 84.82 – 108.77 0.00 2.8

West ...................................................................... 3.4 8.25 7.23 0.00 227.00 119.65 3.4

Mountain ............................................................ 5.3 – – – – 124.81 5.3

Pacific ................................................................ 4.3 8.80 – – 161.77 194.16 4.3

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 7 93

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 7 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 5 95

Professional and related .................................... 8 92

Teachers ........................................................ 18 82

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 21 79

Registered nurses ......................................... 5 95

Service ................................................................... 9 91

Protective service .............................................. 13 87

Sales and office ..................................................... 7 93

Sales and related ............................................... 7 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 8 92

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10 90

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 8 92

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 12 88

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6 94

Production ......................................................... 6 94

Transportation and material moving .................. 6 94

Full time ................................................................. 8 92

Part time ................................................................ 6 94

Union ..................................................................... 12 88

Nonunion ............................................................... 7 93

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 12 88

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 93

Third 25 percent ................................................ 7 93

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 7 93

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 8 92

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 5 95

Service-providing industries .................................. 8 92

Education and health services ........................... 9 91

Educational services ...................................... 17 83

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 20 80

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 4 96

Hospitals .................................................... 5 95

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 94

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 95

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8 92

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 92

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 93

New England ..................................................... 6 94

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 93

South ..................................................................... 6 94

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 93

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 9 91

East North Central ............................................. 11 89

West North Central ............................................ 6 94

West ...................................................................... 7 93

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in

the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 2.6 2.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.6 3.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.6 1.6

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 2.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.9 2.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0

Production ......................................................... 1.2 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 2.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.1 4.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.7 1.7

Public administration ......................................... 2.9 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 3.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.8

New England ..................................................... 0.9 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 2.3

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 2.2 2.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in

the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 94 4 1 2 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 95 4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 5 – –

Professional and related .................................... 95 4 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 97 2 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 97 – – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 99 – – –

Service ................................................................... 96 3 – –

Protective service .............................................. 93 6 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 96 4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Sales and related ............................................... 91 9 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 97 2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 89 – 6 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 84 – 15 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 5 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 4 4 2

Production ......................................................... 88 5 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 95 2 – –

Full time ................................................................. 95 4 1 2 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 90 8 2 –

Union ..................................................................... 90 2 7 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 95 4 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 93 6 1 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 84 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 96 3 2 () 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 94 3 2 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 94 5 1 2 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 6 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 88 7 5 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 96 4 1 2 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 98 2 – –

Educational services ...................................... 97 3 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 97 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 95 4 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 98 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 98 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 93 6 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 94 5 1 2 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 93 6 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 96 – 1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 95 4 1 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 3 1 2 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 94 4 1 2 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 4 1 1

New England ..................................................... 96 – 2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 5 – –

South ..................................................................... 95 5 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 96 3 – –

East South Central ............................................ 90 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 95 4 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 92 5 3 1

East North Central ............................................. 91 5 – –

West North Central ............................................ 93 5 – –

West ...................................................................... 97 3 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Mountain ............................................................ 97 3 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 97 2 2 () 1

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 1.0 – –

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.6 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 0.7 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.2 – – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.8 – – –

Service ................................................................... 1.0 1.0 – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 1.7 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.8 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 – 0.8 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.1 – 1.9 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.7 1.5 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.8 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 0.7 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 2.0 0.6 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 1.4 0.3 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.2 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.3 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.6 – –

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.7 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.6 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 0.8 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.7 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.9 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 – 0.4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.3

New England ..................................................... 1.3 – 0.8 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 1.7 – –

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.1 – –

East South Central ............................................ 3.7 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.0 – –

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 1.8 – –

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.1

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 0.9 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 27 59 8 6 1 57.9 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 26 56 10 6 1 58.1 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 26 61 7 5 2 ( ) 57.7 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 26 53 12 7 2 58.3 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ 13 49 20 12 6 60.9 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 14 42 24 13 6 61.0 60.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 42 52 3 – – 55.5 60.0

Service ................................................................... 28 59 7 5 2 58.0 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 22 54 12 7 5 59.7 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 29 60 6 5 1 57.4 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... 21 68 6 – – 58.2 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 31 58 6 5 2 ( ) 57.2 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 22 62 10 4 2 58.7 60.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 21 53 19 – – 59.8 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 22 67 7 4 1 58.2 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 25 64 6 – – 57.9 60.0

Production ......................................................... 26 63 6 – – 57.6 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 24 66 5 – – 58.1 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 26 58 8 5 1 57.9 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 27 59 5 7 2 58.2 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 28 52 9 8 4 58.7 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 60 8 5 1 57.8 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 64 7 – – 57.9 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 69 – – – 57.2 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 28 60 7 5 1 57.5 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 26 59 9 5 1 58.0 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 27 56 9 6 2 58.0 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 27 57 9 6 1 57.9 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 24 57 12 – – 58.4 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 27 59 8 5 1 57.8 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 27 55 10 6 2 58.1 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 12 50 21 13 5 61.1 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 15 38 26 15 6 61.3 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8 68 13 8 4 60.7 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 37 59 – 1 – 56.1 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... 47 47 – 3 – 54.8 60.0

Public administration ......................................... 19 45 19 15 3 60.5 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 22 64 8 5 1 58.4 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 21 66 7 5 1 58.5 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 23 60 – 5 – 58.3 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 29 56 8 6 1 57.6 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 25 62 6 6 1 58.0 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 32 50 10 6 1 57.3 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 25 66 4 5 2 ( ) 57.9 60.0

New England ..................................................... 25 62 7 – – 57.9 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 25 67 2 5 2 ( ) 57.9 60.0

South ..................................................................... 28 59 9 4 1 57.3 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 28 55 12 4 1 57.4 60.0

East South Central ............................................ 24 68 4 – – 57.4 60.0

West South Central ........................................... 29 64 4 2 2 ( ) 56.9 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 24 60 7 6 3 58.4 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 27 58 7 5 2 58.0 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 19 63 7 7 3 59.3 60.0

West ...................................................................... 28 49 13 8 1 58.3 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 26 50 – – – 59.0 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ 30 49 13 8 1 57.9 60.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian

workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.7 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.3 2.4 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 3.9 2.4 1.8 1.9 0.5 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 5.4 3.3 2.5 2.0 0.7 0.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.9 3.8 0.9 – – 0.5 0.0

Service ................................................................... 4.7 4.7 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 3.8 4.7 3.0 2.9 2.5 0.8 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.4 3.2 1.8 – – 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.7 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.7 2.9 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5.4 6.3 4.4 – – 1.5 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.7 3.0 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 2.4 1.5 – – 0.3 0.0

Production ......................................................... 3.2 3.3 1.6 – – 0.4 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 3.0 2.6 – – 0.4 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 4.1 5.5 1.1 1.7 0.7 0.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 2.2 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.8 4.1 1.4 – – 0.5 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 11.4 – – – 1.2 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 2.5 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 2.5 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.1 2.0 2.1 – – 0.4 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 2.6 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 2.6 2.3 1.7 1.1 0.4 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.5 3.7 3.4 2.5 1.5 0.6 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.0 3.8 – 0.5 – 0.5 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... 4.5 3.9 – 1.1 – 0.6 3.5

Public administration ......................................... 3.2 4.1 3.4 3.6 1.2 0.6 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian

workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 2.1 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 2.5 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 3.8 – 1.1 – 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.4 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.4 2.6 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 2.0 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.8 3.0 0.8 1.2 0.2 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... 4.3 4.9 2.1 – – 0.7 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.4 3.6 0.6 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 2.2 1.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 4.9 4.2 1.1 – – 0.9 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 5.3 4.9 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.7 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.7 2.3 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 3.6 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.3 0.0

West ...................................................................... 2.3 2.8 2.4 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 4.3 5.6 – – – 0.9 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 2.6 3.0 2.3 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 86 $3,000 $5,000 $7,500 $10,000 $15,000 14

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 – 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 90 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Professional and related .................................... 85 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 15

Teachers ........................................................ 74 2,000 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 26

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 70 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 30

Registered nurses ......................................... 85 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 15

Service ................................................................... 85 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 12,500 15

Protective service .............................................. 65 – 4,500 5,000 8,000 10,000 35

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 3,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 20,000 12

Sales and related ............................................... 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 87 3,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 20,000 13

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 84 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 16

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 77 3,000 5,000 7,000 – 15,000 23

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 87 3,000 4,800 6,000 10,000 15,000 13

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 82 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 18

Production ......................................................... 87 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 13

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 – 4,000 7,000 10,000 12,500 23

Full time ................................................................. 86 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 14

Part time ................................................................ 83 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 17

Union ..................................................................... 71 2,500 3,102 5,000 8,000 11,000 29

Nonunion ............................................................... 89 3,500 5,000 8,000 – 15,000 11

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 89 3,500 5,000 7,000 10,000 14,500 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 93 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 10,000 7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 85 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 15

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 85 – 5,000 8,500 12,500 15,000 15

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 90 – 5,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 10

Service-providing industries .................................. 85 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 15

Education and health services ........................... 85 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 12,500 15

Educational services ...................................... 75 2,000 3,900 5,000 8,000 12,000 25

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 70 – 3,900 5,000 – 9,450 30

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 81 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 20,000 19

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 – 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 9

Hospitals .................................................... 87 – 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 13

Public administration ......................................... 66 – 3,333 5,000 6,500 10,000 34

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 89 $4,000 $5,000 $7,500 $10,000 $15,000 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 88 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 16,000 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 90 4,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 85 3,000 5,000 8,000 – 15,000 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 86 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 83 3,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 17

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 7,500 11,000 15,000 8

New England ..................................................... 91 3,000 5,000 7,500 11,000 15,000 9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 8,000 11,000 17,333 8

South ..................................................................... 90 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 89 – 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 11

East South Central ............................................ 88 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 12

West South Central ........................................... 92 4,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 8

Midwest ................................................................. 79 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 21

East North Central ............................................. 78 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 22

West North Central ............................................ 82 4,000 5,000 7,000 12,500 15,000 18

West ...................................................................... 84 4,000 5,000 8,500 12,000 15,000 16

Pacific ................................................................ 85 3,102 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 15

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 $56.26 $0.00 $66.90 $307.25 $0.00 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 – 0.00 461.49 1,253.29 133.79 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 905.05 0.00 0.00 737.96 272.99 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 111.41 0.00 372.94 55.66 0.00 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 3.2 545.70 56.76 0.00 637.35 0.00 3.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.2 – 412.84 0.00 406.40 2,050.55 4.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.0 – 0.00 458.61 2,095.41 0.00 4.0

Service ................................................................... 2.1 660.76 0.00 990.72 0.00 1,295.84 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 6.2 – 903.52 1,119.37 802.75 638.14 6.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 152.00 0.00 303.24 541.40 445.93 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 0.00 189.21 449.32 3,313.35 2,086.13 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 428.34 0.00 551.63 473.42 72.05 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 463.89 228.62 1,086.92 0.00 0.00 2.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4.8 599.54 0.00 291.59 – 0.00 4.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 525.57 829.07 563.67 0.00 1,435.17 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 0.00 0.00 547.56 0.00 835.52 2.2

Production ......................................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 691.97 299.17 200.69 2.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.2 – 1,164.88 996.72 0.00 1,905.05 3.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 48.04 0.00 203.31 383.21 0.00 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 3.1 – 0.00 1,502.76 1,379.08 0.00 3.1

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 280.97 457.69 33.45 432.92 1,863.49 2.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 645.99 0.00 115.87 – 0.00 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.2 722.34 0.00 1,231.47 0.00 2,792.83 2.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 732.80 0.00 1,175.91 1,573.11 2,053.16 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.00 0.00 1,156.11 0.00 0.00 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 11.68 0.00 163.86 0.00 0.00 1.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 – 0.00 1,412.90 915.95 1,603.93 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 748.99 0.00 0.00 200.69 3,553.62 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 – 0.00 759.79 814.11 0.00 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 38.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.2 99.54 133.79 0.00 0.00 2,592.42 2.2

Educational services ...................................... 3.7 517.02 108.75 167.24 231.73 2,013.27 3.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.6 – 372.73 0.00 – 1,138.82 4.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.4 554.22 0.00 453.99 0.00 3,316.99 5.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 – 0.00 824.18 0.00 3,193.51 1.9

Hospitals .................................................... 2.7 – 0.00 728.03 0.00 707.95 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 4.0 – 879.92 0.00 884.84 1,001.20 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, civilian workers,1

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 $241.49 $0.00 $599.23 $0.00 $0.00 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 553.28 0.00 1,149.90 0.00 1,441.20 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 926.89 0.00 299.17 439.94 0.00 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.00 0.00 642.23 – 0.00 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 – 0.00 360.24 541.65 0.00 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 491.58 0.00 325.84 691.65 2,214.45 1.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 4.42 0.00 448.75 1,459.63 2,609.70 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.1 406.28 0.00 0.00 1,587.08 0.00 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 275.82 0.00 685.47 1,747.01 3,205.21 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.3 601.20 0.00 509.46 0.00 0.00 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 – 93.65 627.53 1,177.07 0.00 2.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.6 27.22 0.00 906.44 0.00 0.00 2.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 885.55 0.00 2,201.91 807.44 2,087.92 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 184.96 0.00 422.70 326.08 0.00 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 4.8 849.25 0.00 1,084.35 2,109.88 0.00 4.8

West ...................................................................... 2.4 325.85 634.63 1,414.51 1,477.95 4,214.81 2.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 418.45 231.73 1,196.45 2,302.80 3,322.68 1.8

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave2

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 75 68 73 42 60 62 35 14 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 84 76 59 79 82 52 22 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 96 89 95 61 82 84 52 27 93

Professional and related .................................... 74 82 68 59 77 81 52 20 93

Teachers ........................................................ 35 83 16 62 79 85 63 15 93

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 31 93 16 75 85 92 68 16 97

Registered nurses ......................................... 89 79 88 65 75 82 48 23 95

Service ................................................................... 54 48 55 26 37 41 20 8 81

Protective service .............................................. 77 72 76 42 63 67 53 11 90

Sales and office ..................................................... 81 70 80 44 59 60 33 13 88

Sales and related ............................................... 73 60 72 36 46 48 24 8 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 86 77 85 49 67 67 38 16 90

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 81 60 79 31 49 52 27 9 84

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 69 48 67 20 36 40 20 8 81

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 72 90 41 62 64 33 10 87

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 82 61 80 34 61 60 31 6 88

Production ......................................................... 90 58 87 34 65 63 31 8 89

Transportation and material moving .................. 76 63 74 34 58 57 31 5 87

Full time ................................................................. 88 80 87 50 71 74 43 16 91

Part time ................................................................ 39 31 35 18 26 28 13 5 79

Union ..................................................................... 79 86 74 60 84 87 59 15 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 75 65 73 39 56 58 32 13 87

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 53 41 51 21 31 33 14 6 80

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 40 28 40 12 21 23 9 4 75

Second 25 percent ............................................ 83 70 82 44 63 65 34 12 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 88 79 87 50 72 74 44 15 91

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 83 87 79 61 81 84 55 22 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 83 90 79 61 83 86 58 23 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 89 63 87 35 62 63 33 9 88

Service-providing industries .................................. 73 68 71 44 60 62 36 14 88

Education and health services ........................... 73 79 66 58 74 78 46 18 93

Educational services ...................................... 53 87 40 60 83 88 66 16 94

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 42 90 28 70 83 90 67 16 94

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 79 87 67 42 88 90 72 15 95

Health care and social assistance ................. 86 74 83 57 69 71 33 19 93

Hospitals .................................................... 94 84 93 67 84 87 48 29 96

Public administration ......................................... 88 89 88 53 86 90 81 16 93

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave2

Paid Unpaid

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 69 56 68 29 44 46 20 9 81

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 54 67 27 40 43 18 9 79

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 73 62 72 36 55 55 25 10 87

100 workers or more .............................................. 82 79 79 55 76 78 50 17 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 82 74 80 50 68 69 39 14 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 81 85 77 61 85 87 63 21 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 74 70 73 53 66 73 39 16 87

New England ..................................................... 70 68 69 47 65 74 40 13 90

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 76 71 75 55 66 72 39 17 85

South ..................................................................... 78 66 76 41 62 65 39 13 87

South Atlantic .................................................... 79 66 76 43 64 65 39 14 89

East South Central ............................................ 78 68 78 34 60 65 39 9 85

West South Central ........................................... 75 66 74 42 59 64 38 13 84

Midwest ................................................................. 75 64 74 39 60 60 31 13 89

East North Central ............................................. 75 63 74 40 60 60 30 14 89

West North Central ............................................ 74 65 73 39 61 62 35 10 90

West ...................................................................... 74 71 70 39 52 51 31 14 89

Mountain ............................................................ 71 61 69 42 52 56 33 14 87

Pacific ................................................................ 75 76 70 37 52 49 31 14 89

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical

Note for further explanation. 2 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.9 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.2 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.9 2.3 3.1 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 1.4 0.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.2 2.9 1.2 1.9 2.9 3.6 3.9 3.0 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 3.9 3.2 3.7 4.2 3.8 3.9 1.6 1.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.7 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.2 2.8 1.6 1.7 2.2 1.4 1.2 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.2 2.1 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.6 0.9

Production ......................................................... 1.2 2.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.7 0.7 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 0.8 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.0 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.5 1.2 2.1 1.6 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.6 2.6 1.8 2.7 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.6 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 0.7 1.8 0.8 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.7 2.4 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.6 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.3 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.2

New England ..................................................... 1.4 2.7 1.6 2.8 2.7 1.8 2.3 1.2 3.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.0 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 4.0 3.5 2.5 1.8 5.6 5.1 5.1 1.7 3.6

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.2 0.9 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.8 4.7 4.1 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.2 1.9 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 1.6 1.2 3.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 2.8 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.5 1.8

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical

Note for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 7 3 22 14 12 10 12 8 6 3 2 2 8 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 16 13 13 13 14 10 9 3 3 3 9 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 1 15 10 15 13 19 10 8 3 2 3 9 9

Professional and related .................................... 3 1 17 15 12 13 12 10 9 3 3 3 9 9

Teachers ........................................................ 8 – 15 – 7 10 11 10 7 3 7 11 10 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10 – 23 – – 5 10 9 4 1 – 12 10 9

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 28 21 19 14 5 6 3 2 1 – 8 7

Service ................................................................... 12 6 26 16 8 6 7 6 5 3 2 3 8 7

Protective service .............................................. – – – 6 6 13 12 19 15 8 4 3 10 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 12 3 23 13 12 9 13 6 4 2 1 1 8 7

Sales and related ............................................... 28 5 29 11 9 7 5 3 1 – – – 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 2 20 14 13 10 18 7 5 2 2 2 8 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 5 29 16 11 8 11 7 5 2 1 2 8 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 7 6 30 13 13 9 6 6 5 3 1 1 8 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4 5 29 17 9 7 14 7 4 2 1 2 8 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 23 12 16 10 13 9 4 2 1 3 8 8

Production ......................................................... 3 2 21 10 12 14 16 11 5 2 2 () 3 9 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 8 4 25 14 20 7 9 6 2 2 1 2 8 7

Full time ................................................................. 4 3 21 13 13 11 13 9 6 3 2 2 8 8

Part time ................................................................ 25 4 30 15 9 4 6 2 1 1 2 () 1 6 6

Union ..................................................................... 2 2 14 8 11 8 12 15 13 5 4 6 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 3 23 15 13 10 12 7 4 2 1 2 8 8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 20 7 32 15 10 5 5 2 1 1 2 () 1 6 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 6 33 16 9 3 3 1 – – – – 6 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 4 24 15 12 9 12 7 4 2 1 2 8 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 2 18 12 13 11 16 10 7 3 2 3 9 9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 1 14 12 14 13 14 10 10 4 2 3 9 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 1 12 11 14 14 16 9 12 4 2 3 9 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3 3 18 11 12 14 16 9 8 2 1 2 9 9

Service-providing industries .................................. 8 3 22 14 12 9 11 8 5 3 2 2 8 8

Education and health services ........................... 3 3 25 16 9 8 9 7 7 4 4 6 9 8

Educational services ...................................... 4 2 6 4 6 9 13 14 9 9 9 16 11 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6 2 11 4 4 9 13 12 6 6 11 14 11 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2 1 1 3 7 9 11 16 13 13 9 17 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 – 33 22 10 7 7 4 6 2 – 1 8 7

Hospitals .................................................... 2 – 32 24 12 9 6 – 5 3 1 – 8 7

Public administration ......................................... 2 ( ) 2 ( ) – – 2 9 15 28 26 10 7 2 11 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 4 27 16 12 9 11 5 3 1 1 1 7 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10 5 27 16 11 8 11 6 3 1 2 () 1 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 3 27 14 14 12 9 4 3 2 1 1 7 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 2 17 12 13 11 14 10 8 4 3 3 9 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 3 21 13 14 10 13 7 6 3 2 2 8 8

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 1 13 10 12 11 15 13 11 5 4 5 10 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 3 17 14 11 9 14 9 10 4 1 3 9 8

New England ..................................................... 7 2 13 14 10 9 16 12 9 5 1 3 9 9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6 3 18 14 11 9 13 8 10 3 1 3 9 8

South ..................................................................... 10 3 22 13 12 11 11 7 5 2 2 2 8 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 3 23 12 12 11 12 7 5 2 2 1 8 8

East South Central ............................................ 10 4 19 – 11 10 14 8 5 – – 5 8 8

West South Central ........................................... 9 5 21 16 13 12 8 7 3 1 3 2 8 7

Midwest ................................................................. 5 2 25 14 14 9 14 7 5 3 1 2 8 8

East North Central ............................................. 6 2 23 15 14 9 15 6 4 3 1 3 8 8

West North Central ............................................ 4 1 29 12 14 9 12 – 6 2 – 2 8 8

West ...................................................................... 6 4 22 12 13 10 12 9 5 3 2 2 8 8

Mountain ............................................................ 7 3 27 12 15 8 13 7 5 1 – – 8 8

Pacific ................................................................ 6 5 20 12 12 10 11 10 5 3 3 2 8 8

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 – 4.2 – 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.0 0.6 2.1 2.5 0.4 1.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 – 6.4 – – 1.4 2.1 2.5 0.8 0.5 – 3.5 0.5 1.6

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 3.5 4.0 5.6 3.6 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 – 0.1 1.2

Service ................................................................... 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.2 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – – – 2.5 2.3 3.1 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.4 1.0 1.3 0.3 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 – – – 0.1 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.4 2.2 3.2 2.4 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 0.8 2.0 2.3 1.2 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.8 0.5 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Production ......................................................... 1.0 0.6 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.0 0.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 0.9 2.0 2.3 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.4 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 2 ( ) 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 1.4 3.8 3.2 1.9 1.1 1.1 0.4 – – – – 0.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.2 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.9 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 1.3 1.7 2.2 1.1 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 2.2 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.1 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 0.7 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.0 1.8 1.1 0.2 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.9 2.3 1.8 1.6 4.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.9 0.2 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 – 2.3 3.3 1.5 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.5 – 0.3 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... 0.6 – 3.1 2.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 – 0.9 0.8 0.4 – 0.2 0.0

Public administration ......................................... 0.1 0.1 – – 0.7 2.8 1.8 2.4 2.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 1.0 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.6

New England ..................................................... 1.5 0.9 2.8 3.4 0.9 1.7 2.0 3.0 1.8 1.2 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.6 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 1.2 1.9 – 1.8 2.8 2.3 1.6 1.6 – – 1.0 0.3 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.2 2.5 2.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1

Midwest ................................................................. 0.4 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 0.6 0.7 1.7 2.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 0.6 0.3 2.6 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.9 – 1.5 0.6 – 0.6 0.1 0.0

West ...................................................................... 0.6 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.5 4.7 3.3 2.8 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.6 0.5 – – 0.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for

further explanation. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian workers,1 March

2016

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

All workers ............................................................. 73 4 23

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 71 6 24

Management, business, and financial ............... 67 8 25

Professional and related .................................... 72 5 23

Teachers ........................................................ 88 3 9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 89 1 10

Registered nurses ......................................... 58 1 41

Service ................................................................... 74 1 24

Protective service .............................................. 77 3 20

Sales and office ..................................................... 71 4 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 72 4 24

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 4 16

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 79 6 15

Full time ................................................................. 73 4 23

Union ..................................................................... 87 2 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 4 25

Average wage within the following categories:5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 74 2 24

Third 25 percent ................................................ 75 3 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 71 7 22

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 9 21

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 73 4 23

Education and health services ........................... 75 1 24

Educational services ...................................... 89 2 8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 1 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 5 7

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 1 36

Hospitals .................................................... 58 2 40

Public administration ......................................... 84 3 13

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 5 20

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 74 7 20

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 2 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 72 3 25

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 2 26

500 workers or more .......................................... 73 4 23

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 77 5 18

New England ..................................................... 73 4 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 79 5 16

South ..................................................................... 72 5 23

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 5 23

East South Central ............................................ 77 5 18

West South Central ........................................... 72 3 25

Midwest ................................................................. 73 3 24

West North Central ............................................ 72 2 26

West ...................................................................... 72 3 25

Mountain ............................................................ 60 5 36

Pacific ................................................................ 76 3 21

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the

public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian

workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.8 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.4 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 0.8 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 0.6 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.6 0.5 1.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.2 0.4 3.1

Service ................................................................... 2.0 0.3 2.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.0 0.6 4.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.4 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.5 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.3 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 2.2 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.4 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 0.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.3 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.0 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.4 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.4 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 0.2 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 0.4 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 0.4 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 0.9 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 0.2 1.8

Hospitals .................................................... 3.6 0.5 3.5

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 0.6 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian

workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.6 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.9 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 0.5 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.4 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.3 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 0.8 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.6 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.5 1.1 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.9 0.8 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 1.4 2.1

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 1.2 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 0.8 2.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 0.7 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.4 0.6 2.6

West ...................................................................... 1.7 0.8 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 5.0 2.0 4.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.7 1.1

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the

public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 21 44 29 6186

Full time ................................................................. 19 43 31 6186

Union ..................................................................... 15 27 46 12 4 ( ) 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 49 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 51 18 3175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 52 17 3175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28 48 21 ––75

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 39 36 7198

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 22 48 24 5186

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 30 47 10 1 10 10

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 20 44 28 6186

Full time ................................................................. 19 43 30 7197

Union ..................................................................... 13 27 45 13 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 22 49 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 51 18 3175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 52 17 4175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 27 49 21 3 4 () 7 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 39 35 8298

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 21 49 24 5186

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 30 46 11 2 11 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March

2016—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 20 44 28 7196

Full time ................................................................. 18 43 30 7197

Union ..................................................................... 13 27 45 14 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 22 48 24 4186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 51 18 4175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 52 17 4175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 27 48 21 4 4 () 7 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 39 36 9 2 10 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 48 24 5196

500 workers or more .......................................... 10 30 46 12 2 11 10

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 20 44 28 7196

Full time ................................................................. 18 43 30 7297

Union ..................................................................... 13 27 45 14 1 11 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 22 48 24 4296

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 51 18 4175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 52 17 4175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 27 48 21 4 4 () 7 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 39 35 8 2 10 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 48 24 5296

500 workers or more .......................................... 10 30 46 12 2 12 10

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian

workers,2 March 2016

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 4 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 2.9 2.8 – – 0.2 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.7 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.0

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 3.0 2.8 0.8 0.2 0.3 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.7 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian

workers,2 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 2.9 2.7 1.1 0.2 0.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.3 4 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 2.9 2.7 1.1 0.2 0.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.7 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 4 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 57 22 35 43

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 66 30 35 34

Management, business, and financial ............... 52 21 31 48

Professional and related .................................... 71 34 37 29

Teachers ........................................................ 87 49 38 13

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 87 50 37 13

Registered nurses ......................................... 86 28 58 14

Service ................................................................... 65 24 41 35

Protective service .............................................. 81 54 27 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 52 17 34 48

Office and administrative support ...................... 51 20 31 49

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 43 15 27 57

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 42 14 28 58

Full time ................................................................. 57 23 34 43

Union ..................................................................... 73 39 34 27

Nonunion ............................................................... 52 17 35 48

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 55 20 34 45

Third 25 percent ................................................ 59 24 35 41

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 61 27 33 39

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 58 26 32 42

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 61 24 37 39

Education and health services ........................... 81 37 44 19

Educational services ...................................... 88 53 35 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 87 54 34 13

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 54 36 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 73 20 53 27

Hospitals .................................................... 89 28 61 11

Public administration ......................................... 95 67 28 5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 10 30 60

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 38 10 28 62

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 47 12 35 53

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 30 38 32

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 60 18 42 40

500 workers or more .......................................... 76 41 35 24

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 53 19 34 47

New England ..................................................... 59 17 42 41

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 51 19 32 49

South ..................................................................... 59 26 33 41

South Atlantic .................................................... 62 29 32 38

East South Central ............................................ 57 24 33 43

West South Central ........................................... 56 22 34 44

Midwest ................................................................. 54 18 36 46

West North Central ............................................ 62 19 43 38

West ...................................................................... 59 22 37 41

Mountain ............................................................ 66 22 44 34

Pacific ................................................................ 57 22 35 43

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian

workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 2.1 2.3 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 2.5 2.7 1.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6

Service ................................................................... 2.2 1.4 2.5 2.2

Protective service .............................................. 4.5 4.0 2.9 4.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 1.8 2.2 2.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 1.2 2.1 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 3.2 2.4 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9

Hospitals .................................................... 2.7 2.7 3.8 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 2.5 2.3 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian

workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.0 1.7 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 2.2 2.7 3.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.3

New England ..................................................... 2.7 1.6 3.3 2.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 2.3 2.0 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 4.1 2.6 3.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 1.5 3.1 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.6 1.6 2.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 3.6 2.4 1.6

West ...................................................................... 2.4 1.2 2.4 2.4

Mountain ............................................................ 5.9 1.5 5.7 5.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.6 1.5 2.6 2.6

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 8 30 38 16 7 2 11 10

Full time ................................................................. 5 28 40 18 7 2 11 10

Part time ................................................................ 27 45 19 44175

Union ..................................................................... 6 31 45 13 4 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 30 36 16 7 2 11 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 40 35 10 4 1 9 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 12 40 35 94199

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10 39 34 12 4 1 9 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 23 40 21 9 3 12 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 29 38 19 6 2 11 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 16 41 23 13 4 13 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 10 32 36 15 6 15 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 8 31 38 16 6 15 15

Part time ................................................................ 7 25 39 20 6 2 12 10

Union ..................................................................... 1 8 36 42 10 4 14 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 11 31 34 16 6 15 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 15 37 32 11 2 13 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 17 37 30 11 2 13 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 11 37 36 11 3 14 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 6 28 38 18 8 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 8 33 36 17 6 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 4 22 41 20 12 17 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 15 39 24 14 17 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 14 39 26 15 18 17

Part time ................................................................ 7 18 26 35 8 6 14 15

Union ..................................................................... 4 ( ) 3 11 52 25 9 18 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 8 16 36 24 15 17 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 12 22 36 20 7 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 13 24 34 18 7 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 8 17 42 25 7 16 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 10 40 27 19 19 19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 13 42 24 17 18 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 2 7 39 29 22 20 20

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 12 19 32 29 20 20

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 11 18 34 31 20 20

Part time ................................................................ 6 17 14 26 21 14 16 16

Union ..................................................................... 4 ( ) 2 5 12 46 35 22 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 13 21 30 28 20 20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 11 19 23 28 16 17 16

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 13 21 24 24 15 16 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 7 14 23 37 17 18 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 6 16 36 39 23 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 3 7 20 35 34 22 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 2 4 11 37 44 24 23

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note

for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2

March 2016

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.1 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 1.7 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.1 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.0

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 1.5 2.0 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.1 0.8 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.5 0.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.3 2.1 2.3 1.8 0.9 0.3 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 0.5 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.7 0.2 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.1 4 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.3 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.1 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.1 4 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.6 2.3 1.4 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.2 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.2 4 ( )

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.3 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.8 1.8 0.2 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.2 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.2 1.8 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.1 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.4 0.2 1.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note

for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2016

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 32 15 19 22 24 68 9 13 15 18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 40 17 21 24 26 60 11 15 17 20

Management, business, and financial ............... 36 17 21 23 26 64 11 15 17 20

Professional and related .................................... 42 17 21 24 26 58 11 15 17 20

Teachers ........................................................ 19 13 15 16 16 81 12 14 16 17

Registered nurses ......................................... 68 18 22 26 28 32 11 15 17 19

Service ................................................................... 31 14 19 21 23 69 7 12 14 16

Protective service .............................................. 18 16 20 23 27 82 10 13 15 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 35 13 18 21 24 65 8 13 15 18

Sales and related ............................................... 32 11 17 19 23 68 7 12 14 17

Office and administrative support ...................... 37 15 19 22 25 63 9 13 16 18

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 18 11 15 18 20 82 8 11 14 16

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 20 9 13 16 18 80 8 12 14 16

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 17 12 17 20 23 83 7 11 14 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 20 11 15 18 21 80 7 11 15 18

Production ......................................................... 22 10 15 18 20 78 7 11 14 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 17 12 16 18 22 83 7 12 15 18

Full time ................................................................. 32 15 20 23 25 68 9 13 16 18

Part time ................................................................ 32 10 15 17 19 68 6 10 12 15

Union ..................................................................... 14 15 20 23 27 86 9 13 17 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 35 15 19 22 24 65 9 13 15 17

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30 11 16 18 21 70 6 11 13 15

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 22 10 15 17 19 78 6 10 12 14

Second 25 percent ............................................ 31 14 19 22 24 69 8 12 15 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 31 15 20 23 25 69 9 13 16 19

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 35 17 21 23 26 65 11 15 17 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 36 17 21 23 25 64 12 16 18 21

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 24 11 15 18 20 76 7 12 15 18

Service-providing industries .................................. 34 15 20 22 25 66 9 13 15 18

Education and health services ........................... 47 17 21 25 27 53 11 15 17 19

Educational services ...................................... 10 14 16 17 19 90 13 15 18 20

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 8 10 10 11 11 92 11 14 16 18

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8 19 23 25 27 92 14 17 19 22

Health care and social assistance ................. 59 17 22 25 27 41 10 14 17 19

Hospitals .................................................... 72 20 25 28 31 28 13 16 20 22

Public administration ......................................... 10 18 22 26 30 90 11 15 18 22

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 28 13 17 19 20 72 7 12 14 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 12 16 19 20 73 7 12 13 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 30 14 18 20 21 70 7 12 15 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 36 16 20 24 27 64 10 14 17 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 37 14 19 22 25 63 9 13 16 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 34 18 22 25 28 66 11 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 28 16 20 22 25 72 10 14 16 19

New England ..................................................... 32 18 21 23 26 68 9 13 16 18

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 27 15 19 22 25 73 10 14 16 19

South ..................................................................... 30 14 18 21 24 70 8 12 15 17

South Atlantic .................................................... 30 15 19 22 24 70 9 12 15 17

East South Central ............................................ 24 16 20 23 25 76 8 12 15 17

West South Central ........................................... 34 13 17 19 22 66 8 12 14 17

Midwest ................................................................. 34 15 19 23 25 66 8 13 16 19

East North Central ............................................. 32 15 20 23 26 68 8 13 16 19

West North Central ............................................ 39 14 19 22 24 61 8 13 16 19

West ...................................................................... 36 14 19 22 24 64 9 13 15 18

Mountain ............................................................ 43 13 18 21 23 57 8 13 15 17

Pacific ................................................................ 33 14 19 22 24 67 9 13 15 18

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2016

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 4.7 2.0 2.5 2.6 2.6 4.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.2 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 3.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9

Service ................................................................... 1.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 3.1 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 3.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.2 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 2.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Hospitals .................................................... 2.3 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 2.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

New England ..................................................... 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

West ...................................................................... 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 3.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal

government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 11 6 7 41 54

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 18 12 12 55 69

Management, business, and financial ............... 18 19 14 57 70

Professional and related .................................... 18 9 11 55 68

Teachers ........................................................ 14 3 7 49 66

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 11 – 4 47 67

Registered nurses ......................................... 23 4 10 71 83

Service ................................................................... 8 1 5 26 39

Protective service .............................................. 11 4 8 43 62

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 6 6 42 56

Sales and related ............................................... 4 4 3 38 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 12 7 8 45 58

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 1 4 30 39

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4 1 3 22 29

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 2 4 38 50

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4 3 2 38 51

Production ......................................................... 7 3 1 42 50

Transportation and material moving .................. 2 3 2 35 52

Full time ................................................................. 13 8 8 47 60

Part time ................................................................ 5 2 3 25 37

Union ..................................................................... 17 2 10 54 78

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 7 6 39 50

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 1 2 24 35

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 1 2 16 28

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 3 5 39 53

Third 25 percent ................................................ 13 7 9 49 61

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 19 15 13 58 72

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 22 19 15 62 77

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 8 6 3 43 50

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 6 8 41 55

Education and health services ........................... 16 4 8 51 68

Educational services ...................................... 14 5 10 51 71

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 9 2 4 46 68

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 29 – 22 68 82

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 3 7 51 65

Hospitals .................................................... 35 3 16 83 94

Public administration ......................................... 16 5 17 55 77

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 4 3 22 32

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 5 3 19 27

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 4 4 31 45

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 8 10 60 76

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10 7 6 52 67

500 workers or more .......................................... 24 9 15 68 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 8 9 40 56

New England ..................................................... 16 10 11 40 57

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 15 8 9 40 56

South ..................................................................... 10 6 5 44 55

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 7 5 47 59

East South Central ............................................ – 5 1 37 50

West South Central ........................................... 9 6 5 44 51

Midwest ................................................................. 9 6 5 40 53

East North Central ............................................. 9 6 6 39 52

West North Central ............................................ 8 6 5 43 56

West ...................................................................... 10 5 10 39 53

Mountain ............................................................ 11 6 9 36 49

Pacific ................................................................ 10 5 10 41 54

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except

the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2016

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.2 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.8 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 0.9 1.0 2.1 2.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 – 1.0 2.4 2.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 1.4 1.5 2.9 2.3

Service ................................................................... 0.9 0.2 0.7 1.0 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 2.0 0.9 1.2 3.4 4.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.1 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 1.0 0.4 1.6 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.2 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.7 2.0 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 0.4 0.6 1.6 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.6

Production ......................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.3 1.9 2.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.6 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.5 0.7 1.3 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.9 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.8 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 0.8 0.4 1.3 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 0.7 0.8 1.7 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.7 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.4 – 3.2 4.0 4.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 0.7 0.8 2.5 3.1

Hospitals .................................................... 3.0 1.4 2.3 2.1 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.6 1.3 2.4 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 0.7 0.5 2.0 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.7 0.4 1.2 1.7

New England ..................................................... 2.0 1.4 1.2 2.6 2.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.7

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.6 0.4 1.3 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.3

East South Central ............................................ – 2.4 0.4 3.9 2.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 0.8 0.9 2.6 3.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.7 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 0.6 0.8 0.7 2.4 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 1.1 2.0 1.4 2.3

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.2 0.7 2.0 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except

the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

All workers ............................................................. 25 19 40 43 23 20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 36 28 58 62 33 27

Management, business, and financial ............... 46 29 62 65 27 30

Professional and related .................................... 32 28 56 61 36 27

Teachers ........................................................ 23 32 50 58 53 21

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 20 34 50 59 55 20

Registered nurses ......................................... 32 35 70 73 31 32

Service ................................................................... 10 10 23 24 17 12

Protective service .............................................. 19 22 44 47 38 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 29 17 38 41 19 23

Sales and related ............................................... 25 10 30 31 10 21

Office and administrative support ...................... 31 21 43 46 24 25

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 18 13 28 31 20 16

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 13 9 17 21 19 10

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 23 17 38 41 21 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 21 18 38 39 19 15

Production ......................................................... 25 19 39 40 18 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 18 16 37 38 21 13

Full time ................................................................. 31 23 47 51 26 23

Part time ................................................................ 9 6 18 18 13 11

Union ..................................................................... 23 22 54 58 45 25

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 18 38 40 19 19

Average wage within the following categories:7

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 10 7 18 18 12 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 4 11 11 8 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 25 19 38 41 22 19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 31 24 49 52 28 25

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 38 29 61 65 33 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 42 29 65 69 33 31

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 26 17 39 40 16 20

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 19 40 43 24 20

Education and health services ........................... 26 28 50 56 37 22

Educational services ...................................... 28 33 55 62 55 23

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 22 34 50 57 55 19

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 46 35 71 78 63 34

Health care and social assistance ................. 25 24 46 51 24 22

Hospitals .................................................... 35 45 77 83 37 41

Public administration ......................................... 25 32 58 60 63 30

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Stock options

Total5 Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 7 2 1 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 8 4 2 5

Management, business, and financial ............... 13 6 3 9

Professional and related .................................... 6 3 1 3

Teachers ........................................................ – – – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 1 – – 6 ( )

Service ................................................................... 2 6 ( ) 6 () 2

Protective service .............................................. 6 () – – 6 ( )

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 2 1 7

Sales and related ............................................... 9 2 1 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 8 3 2 7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 3 1 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2 – – 2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 7 4 – 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 9 1 1 8

Production ......................................................... 5 1 1 4

Transportation and material moving .................. 11 6 ( ) 1 11

Full time ................................................................. 7 3 1 5

Part time ................................................................ 4 1 6 () 4

Union ..................................................................... 6 2 6 () 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 7 2 1 5

Average wage within the following categories:7

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 1 6 () 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 6 () – 2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 1 1 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 7 2 1 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 10 5 2 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 13 7 3 7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 8 3 1 5

Service-providing industries .................................. 6 2 1 5

Education and health services ........................... 1 6 ( ) 6 () –

Educational services ...................................... – – – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2 6 () – –

Hospitals .................................................... – – – –

Public administration ......................................... – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 16 9 21 23 14 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 15 7 19 20 12 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 20 15 30 33 19 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 34 28 58 61 32 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 33 21 48 50 23 26

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 35 69 74 41 33

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 21 14 38 42 26 21

New England ..................................................... 22 13 42 47 24 20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 21 14 37 41 27 21

South ..................................................................... 24 23 41 43 23 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 25 21 40 43 23 22

East South Central ............................................ 29 25 33 36 24 18

West South Central ........................................... 22 24 45 46 23 20

Midwest ................................................................. 28 20 42 44 23 20

East North Central ............................................. 27 17 41 42 24 19

West North Central ............................................ 31 26 45 49 21 21

West ...................................................................... 26 15 38 41 20 20

Mountain ............................................................ 26 13 36 38 17 21

Pacific ................................................................ 26 16 39 42 22 19

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Stock options

Total5 Performance Signing Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 2 1 3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 1 1 3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 2 1 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 9 3 1 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9 3 1 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 3 1 7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 2 1 5

New England ..................................................... 5 1 1 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 2 1 5

South ..................................................................... 6 2 1 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 2 1 5

East South Central ............................................ 7 1 1 6

West South Central ........................................... 5 2 1 4

Midwest ................................................................. 6 2 1 6

East North Central ............................................. 6 2 1 6

West North Central ............................................ 6 2 6 () 5

West ...................................................................... 8 4 1 5

Mountain ............................................................ 7 2 1 5

Pacific ................................................................ 8 4 1 5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the

public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 3 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 4 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 5 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have

access to more than one type of stock option. 6 Less than 0.5. 7 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.6 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.4 2.9

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 2.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.4 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.0

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.4 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.2 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.3 2.5 4.2 3.9 2.6 2.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.2 1.7 2.8 3.3 2.6 2.6

Hospitals .................................................... 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.8 3.0 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 0.7 0.3 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ – – – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.4 – – 0.2

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 0.2 – – 0.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.8 – – 0.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.8 0.7 – 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.9

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 0.1 0.2 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.1 – 0.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.1 0.1 –

Educational services ...................................... – – – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 0.1 – –

Hospitals .................................................... – – – –

Public administration ......................................... – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.5 1.7 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.6

New England ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 2.4 2.9 3.3 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.8 2.0

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 4.2 1.7 3.2 3.0 3.7 3.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 1.4 2.3 2.7 1.1 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 2.0 2.7 2.4 1.9 1.9

West ...................................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.2 1.9 2.2 3.1 1.9 2.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.8

New England ..................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.9

South ..................................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.6

East South Central ............................................ 0.7 0.3 0.4 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 1.5 0.3 0.1 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 2.2 0.5 6 ( ) 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.5

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the

public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 3 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 4 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016. 6 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 18 23 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 28 36 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 33 33 30

Professional and related .................................... 26 37 34

Teachers ........................................................ 26 60 55

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 20 65 58

Registered nurses ......................................... 23 23 16

Service ................................................................... 9 13 12

Protective service .............................................. 17 48 40

Sales and office ..................................................... 18 19 17

Sales and related ............................................... 13 9 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 21 24 23

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 18 18

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 8 14 14

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 17 22 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 19 17

Production ......................................................... 14 15 14

Transportation and material moving .................. 13 22 19

Full time ................................................................. 22 28 25

Part time ................................................................ 7 9 8

Union ..................................................................... 24 59 53

Nonunion ............................................................... 17 17 15

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 7 7 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 4 4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 14 19 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 22 29 27

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 32 41 37

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 37 42 39

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15 17 15

Service-providing industries .................................. 19 24 22

Education and health services ........................... 22 35 31

Educational services ...................................... 31 63 59

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 22 67 62

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 56 63 61

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 16 12

Hospitals .................................................... 30 33 23

Public administration ......................................... 25 73 68

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 8 8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 13 13 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 27 37 33

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 22 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 36 54 48

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17 25 24

New England ..................................................... 16 22 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17 26 25

South ..................................................................... 21 25 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 23 25 21

East South Central ............................................ 20 24 20

West South Central ........................................... 18 25 22

Midwest ................................................................. 16 20 18

East North Central ............................................. 16 19 18

West North Central ............................................ 15 22 19

West ...................................................................... 19 21 20

Mountain ............................................................ 17 18 16

Pacific ................................................................ 19 23 21

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and

workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 3 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.5 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 2.1 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.5 2.7 2.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 1.9 2.2

Service ................................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 4.1 3.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.0 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 1.0 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 0.9 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.1 1.2 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.3 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.1 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.1 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.6 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.6 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.7 0.6 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.9 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.7 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.1 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.1 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.4 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 1.6 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.6 2.6 2.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 1.3 1.5

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 2.6 2.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.8 2.0 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 1.5 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.7

New England ..................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 0.8 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.0 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.3 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 2.2 2.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.1 1.9 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.0 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 0.9 1.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.4 2.3 2.8

West ...................................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 1.6 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 1.2 1.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and

workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 2 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 3 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses2

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus3

All workers ............................................................. 38 6 3 9 6 5 2 5 12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 43 5 5 10 4 9 2 6 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 52 8 6 16 5 7 2 7 15

Professional and related .................................... 40 4 4 8 4 9 3 6 13

Teachers ........................................................ 25 – 2 1 4 ( ) 12 2 4 ( ) 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 29 – 2 1 – 15 2 – 12

Registered nurses ......................................... 46 2 7 – 3 9 3 15 16

Service ................................................................... 24 1 2 5 6 4 3 4 7

Protective service .............................................. 32 1 5 1 2 10 7 – 13

Sales and office ..................................................... 40 9 3 11 5 4 1 5 12

Sales and related ............................................... 33 11 1 8 5 2 1 3 13

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 7 4 12 6 5 2 7 12

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 39 6 2 11 9 4 2 4 11

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 32 2 1 12 9 2 2 1 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 9 3 11 9 6 2 6 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 40 7 2 9 6 4 1 4 15

Production ......................................................... 43 10 2 10 7 3 1 4 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 36 5 1 7 6 4 1 4 13

Full time ................................................................. 43 6 4 11 6 7 2 5 14

Part time ................................................................ 20 3 1 4 5 1 1 4 5

Union ..................................................................... 36 5 5 2 1 15 3 4 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 38 6 3 10 6 4 2 5 11

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 3 1 5 6 1 2 4 7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 17 1 1 5 6 1 1 2 4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 5 2 9 7 4 2 5 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 6 3 12 5 7 2 5 14

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 47 8 6 11 4 10 2 6 15

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 49 8 6 12 3 11 2 7 16

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 47 10 3 13 9 4 1 3 15

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 5 3 8 5 5 2 5 11

Education and health services ........................... 32 1 3 5 5 9 3 6 10

Educational services ...................................... 25 – 2 1 4 ( ) 12 3 4 () 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 26 – 1 1 4 ( ) 14 3 – 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 23 – 5 1 1 10 2 1 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 37 1 3 8 8 6 4 11 10

Hospitals .................................................... 42 3 4 5 2 10 3 16 15

Public administration ......................................... 42 – 6 1 2 18 9 – 16

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses2

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 3 1 12 9 3 1 3 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 34 3 1 13 9 2 1 2 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 35 4 2 10 6 4 2 5 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 41 8 5 6 3 8 3 7 17

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 40 8 4 6 4 6 2 8 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 41 7 5 5 1 10 3 6 17

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 38 4 2 12 3 8 2 5 11

New England ..................................................... 36 5 3 12 2 8 2 4 9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 38 3 2 12 3 8 1 5 12

South ..................................................................... 41 5 4 9 8 3 2 5 15

South Atlantic .................................................... 42 5 5 9 8 3 3 6 16

East South Central ............................................ 37 5 – 9 8 2 2 5 13

West South Central ........................................... 41 6 3 10 9 3 2 5 14

Midwest ................................................................. 36 7 2 8 5 5 2 5 11

East North Central ............................................. 37 7 3 9 6 5 2 5 10

West North Central ............................................ 34 7 2 8 2 5 3 5 11

West ...................................................................... 33 5 3 7 5 7 – 5 8

Mountain ............................................................ 34 5 2 10 6 3 1 3 10

Pacific ................................................................ 32 5 4 5 4 9 – 5 8

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 3 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 – 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 – 0.4 0.3 – 1.4 0.5 – 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.7 0.7 2.5 – 1.5 1.9 0.6 2.7 2.8

Service ................................................................... 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.4 0.8 1.1 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 3.4 0.4 1.7 0.5 0.8 1.5 1.1 – 2.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.3 0.7 0.4 1.2 1.6 0.5 0.8 0.3 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.7 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.9 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.2 1.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 0.9 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.4 1.0 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.3 0.9 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 0.2 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 – 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 – 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.5 – 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 – 0.5 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.9 0.3 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 0.3 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 3.0 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.5 1.8

Public administration ......................................... 2.3 – 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.8 1.3 – 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 0.7 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.8

New England ..................................................... 2.3 0.6 0.4 2.2 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.9 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.9 1.0

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 0.5 – 1.7 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.3 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.4 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 0.7 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.0 0.2 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.8 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.6 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.2

West ...................................................................... 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.9 – 1.0 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.6 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.7 0.9 0.2 1.1 0.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.2 – 1.3 0.7

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further

explanation. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, civilian workers,2

March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 16 16 38 34

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 26 26 52 46

Management, business, and financial ............... 24 24 59 54

Professional and related .................................... 27 26 49 42

Teachers ........................................................ 43 41 35 29

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 51 49 33 29

Registered nurses ......................................... 21 22 45 38

Service ................................................................... 10 10 23 20

Protective service .............................................. 28 28 34 27

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 13 41 37

Sales and related ............................................... 6 6 35 31

Office and administrative support ...................... 18 18 44 41

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 11 29 25

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 11 11 19 20

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 15 11 38 29

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 11 33 30

Production ......................................................... 9 8 31 29

Transportation and material moving .................. 14 14 35 30

Full time ................................................................. 20 19 45 40

Part time ................................................................ 6 6 17 16

Union ..................................................................... 43 39 56 45

Nonunion ............................................................... 12 12 35 32

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 6 19 18

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 2 9 9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 13 36 33

Third 25 percent ................................................ 20 19 45 39

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 30 28 58 50

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 30 67 59

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 9 35 32

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 17 39 34

Education and health services ........................... 26 25 40 35

Educational services ...................................... 44 43 38 31

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 48 47 30 26

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 40 39 57 44

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 14 42 37

Hospitals .................................................... 23 24 52 42

Public administration ......................................... 49 48 40 33

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, civilian workers,2

March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 6 25 24

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 6 24 23

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 8 30 29

100 workers or more .............................................. 26 25 50 43

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 16 16 46 42

500 workers or more .......................................... 37 35 55 44

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 20 20 45 39

New England ..................................................... 15 15 41 36

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 22 22 46 40

South ..................................................................... 17 16 30 28

South Atlantic .................................................... 16 16 32 28

East South Central ............................................ 20 19 28 26

West South Central ........................................... 15 15 29 28

Midwest ................................................................. 9 8 28 22

East North Central ............................................. 7 6 28 21

West North Central ............................................ 13 12 28 25

West ...................................................................... 21 20 56 53

Mountain ............................................................ 14 14 43 38

Pacific ................................................................ 23 23 62 59

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see the Unmarried

Domestic Partners Benefit Fact Sheet at:www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs_domestic2012.pdf. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

civilian workers,2 March 2016

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.3

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.8 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 2.5 3.1 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.2 0.9 1.7 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.4

Production ......................................................... 1.3 1.2 2.2 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.6

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 2.9 2.1 2.3

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 2.5 1.9 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

civilian workers,2 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.2 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3

New England ..................................................... 2.0 2.1 2.6 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.8

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 3.1 2.8 3.8 3.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 0.6 0.7 1.4 1.2

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.0 4.2 4.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.4

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see the Unmarried

Domestic Partners Benefit Fact Sheet at:www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs_domestic2012.pdf. 2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public

sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 62 8 7 22 57 13 1 28

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 80 7 4 9 76 11 1 12

Management, business, and financial ............... 85 9 1 5 83 11 2 () 6

Professional and related .................................... 78 6 5 11 73 11 1 15

Teachers ........................................................ 80 1 3 15 72 10 1 18

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 93 1 2 5 81 13 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 83 4 5 8 77 11 1 12

Service ................................................................... 37 8 10 45 32 13 2 53

Protective service .............................................. 66 – – 20 63 5 7 24

Sales and office ..................................................... 60 8 11 21 54 14 2 31

Sales and related ............................................... 47 8 20 25 40 15 2 43

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 8 6 18 63 13 1 23

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 13 4 21 56 18 1 24

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 56 12 6 26 49 19 2 30

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 66 14 3 17 64 17 1 19

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 66 8 5 21 61 13 1 25

Production ......................................................... 71 9 3 17 67 13 1 19

Transportation and material moving .................. 61 7 7 24 56 13 2 30

Full time ................................................................. 78 10 3 10 73 14 1 11

Part time ................................................................ 17 3 21 60 10 9 2 78

Union ..................................................................... 91 3 3 4 84 10 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 57 9 8 25 53 13 1 32

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 28 8 15 49 22 14 2 62

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 16 7 17 60 12 11 2 75

Second 25 percent ............................................ 65 10 6 19 60 15 1 24

Third 25 percent ................................................ 78 9 4 10 74 13 1 12

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 87 6 2 5 83 10 1 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 6 2 4 85 8 1 6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 72 12 2 13 69 15 1 15

Service-providing industries .................................. 61 8 8 24 55 13 1 31

Education and health services ........................... 73 6 5 16 67 12 1 20

Educational services ...................................... 83 2 4 11 75 10 1 13

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 85 2 4 9 74 13 1 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 2 2 10 84 4 1 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 66 8 7 19 62 13 1 24

Hospitals .................................................... 89 3 2 6 89 2 1 8

Public administration ......................................... 88 1 3 9 82 7 1 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 26 44 1 29 51 19 7 23

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 40 47 1 12 63 24 3 10

Management, business, and financial ............... 35 59 – – 76 18 1 5

Professional and related .................................... 42 43 1 15 58 26 4 12

Teachers ........................................................ 67 14 2 16 35 46 1 17

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 85 8 1 5 31 63 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 36 51 – – 73 15 4 8

Service ................................................................... 16 29 1 54 27 18 9 46

Protective service .............................................. 53 16 2 30 32 36 11 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 19 48 2 30 53 15 11 21

Sales and related ............................................... 10 45 2 43 43 12 19 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 25 50 1 23 58 17 6 19

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 28 46 2 ( ) 25 50 25 4 22

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 31 38 1 31 40 29 6 26

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 26 55 – – 59 21 3 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 24 50 1 25 57 17 5 21

Production ......................................................... 22 59 – – 68 13 3 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 26 43 1 30 47 21 7 25

Full time ................................................................. 33 55 2 ( ) 12 64 24 3 10

Part time ................................................................ 7 13 4 77 12 8 19 62

Union ..................................................................... 80 14 2 4 44 50 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 17 49 1 33 52 14 8 26

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 7 29 2 62 24 12 15 50

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3 19 2 76 13 9 16 61

Second 25 percent ............................................ 21 54 1 24 55 20 5 20

Third 25 percent ................................................ 35 52 2 ( ) 13 63 24 3 10

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 47 45 2 ( ) 7 69 24 2 5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 46 48 2 ( ) 6 73 20 2 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 26 59 2 ( ) 16 67 17 2 13

Service-providing industries .................................. 26 42 1 31 48 20 7 25

Education and health services ........................... 40 39 1 20 50 29 4 17

Educational services ...................................... 69 16 3 12 36 50 1 13

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 80 6 4 9 25 62 1 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 53 35 1 11 61 27 1 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 21 54 2 ( ) 25 59 15 6 19

Hospitals .................................................... 44 47 1 8 76 15 2 6

Public administration ......................................... 84 4 2 9 33 55 1 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 44 12 9 35 40 16 1 43

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 39 13 9 39 35 18 1 47

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 57 10 9 24 54 13 1 32

100 workers or more .............................................. 80 4 6 10 74 10 1 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 6 7 13 66 13 2 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 2 4 7 84 6 1 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 64 7 8 22 58 13 1 28

New England ..................................................... 63 5 9 22 56 13 2 29

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 64 8 7 21 59 12 1 28

South ..................................................................... 63 8 7 21 60 12 2 27

South Atlantic .................................................... 63 8 7 22 59 12 1 28

East South Central ............................................ 67 9 6 18 60 15 2 23

West South Central ........................................... 60 10 8 22 60 10 2 28

Midwest ................................................................. 64 6 9 21 60 10 1 28

East North Central ............................................. 63 7 9 21 59 11 1 29

West North Central ............................................ 67 5 8 20 63 9 1 28

West ...................................................................... 58 11 5 26 50 18 1 30

Mountain ............................................................ 59 8 6 26 53 15 1 32

Pacific ................................................................ 57 12 5 26 49 20 1 30

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 46 1 43 40 16 9 35

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 44 2 ( ) 47 36 16 9 39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 17 50 1 32 50 17 8 24

100 workers or more .............................................. 42 42 1 14 61 23 5 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 26 54 2 19 62 18 7 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 59 30 1 10 61 28 3 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 30 41 1 28 51 20 7 23

New England ..................................................... 27 41 1 30 49 20 8 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 31 40 1 27 51 20 6 23

South ..................................................................... 26 45 1 28 52 19 7 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 29 42 1 29 54 17 7 22

East South Central ............................................ 27 49 – – 52 23 6 19

West South Central ........................................... 23 47 1 29 48 22 8 22

Midwest ................................................................. 26 45 1 28 55 16 8 22

East North Central ............................................. 25 45 1 28 55 16 8 22

West North Central ............................................ 26 45 1 28 56 16 8 21

West ...................................................................... 24 45 1 30 45 23 5 27

Mountain ............................................................ 19 49 1 31 49 19 6 27

Pacific ................................................................ 26 43 1 30 44 25 4 26

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note

for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.8 1.6 1.2 0.1 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.2 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 0.3 0.5 2.1 2.2 1.2 0.3 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 0.5 0.5 2.2 2.6 1.7 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 2.6 2.0 0.3 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.6 0.7 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 3.4 – – 2.1 3.2 1.3 2.3 2.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.2 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.1 0.3 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.4 0.8 0.2 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.4 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.5 2.0 1.4 2.6 2.4 2.0 0.8 3.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 1.6 0.5 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.3 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.0 0.2 1.3

Production ......................................................... 2.2 0.9 0.8 2.1 2.4 1.5 0.3 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.3 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 0.3 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 1.1 2.0 2.2 1.4 1.1 0.5 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.0 0.4 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.2 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 0.8 0.5 1.5 1.7 0.9 0.1 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.8 1.5 0.3 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 1.3 0.8 2.3 2.6 1.3 0.2 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 0.2 0.5 1.4 2.1 1.4 0.2 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.7 – – 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.2 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 2.4 1.7 0.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 0.3 2.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.1 2.3 0.4 2.2 2.6 2.8 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.4 3.2 – – 2.5 2.4 1.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 0.8 1.5 0.1 1.7 1.5 0.9 1.1 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 4.2 2.8 0.4 2.9 2.7 3.1 2.4 2.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 1.2 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.5 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 1.6 0.3 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 1.5 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.5 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.7 0.1 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.7 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.2 2.8 0.2 2.7 2.7 2.6 1.4 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 2.1 – – 2.0 1.6 0.5 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.4 0.2 1.3 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.2

Production ......................................................... 1.7 2.1 – – 2.2 1.0 0.8 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 1.5 0.3 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.0 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.5 1.2 0.2 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 1.2 0.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 2.0 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.2 0.1 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.4 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 0.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.3 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 2.0 0.1 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.6 2 ( ) 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.3 0.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 0.5 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.8 1.7 0.2 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 2.4 0.4 1.2 2.6 2.3 0.3 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 2.1 0.2 2.5 2.7 1.7 0.8 2.3

Hospitals .................................................... 2.6 2.3 0.2 0.8 2.3 2.2 0.4 0.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.7 0.8 0.5 1.4 2.6 2.6 0.3 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 0.7 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 1.0 1.4 2.4 2.9 1.2 0.3 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.2 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.2 1.0 2.7 1.7 2.0 1.1 0.5 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.7 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.2 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.8 1.0 0.2 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.6 2.1 2.6 0.5 3.5

West South Central ........................................... 4.2 1.1 1.7 2.7 3.3 0.9 0.7 3.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.4 1.0 1.9 1.8 0.7 0.2 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 0.5 1.5 2.3 1.6 0.8 0.2 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 3.3 0.6 0.5 3.6 4.2 1.2 0.2 3.7

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.2 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 1.7 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.6 0.3 2.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 0.3 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.6 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 2.6 0.3 2.6 2.8 1.4 1.3 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.4 0.2 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.6 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.2 0.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.5 2.4 0.4 2.0 1.6 1.4 2.7 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.2 0.3 0.8 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.2

South ..................................................................... 0.9 1.3 0.1 1.5 1.7 1.1 0.7 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.2 2 ( ) 1.6 2.1 1.6 0.6 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 2.8 – – 3.2 3.2 2.3 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 3.4 0.1 3.6 3.8 0.9 1.6 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.7 1.4 0.9 1.1 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.5 0.2 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.6 2.3

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 2.2 0.2 3.6 2.6 1.8 0.4 3.8

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.8 0.2 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.6 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 2.8 0.2 2.6 2.3 2.2 1.1 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 2.2 0.2 1.5 2.2 1.7 0.7 1.7

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See Technical Note

for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

All workers ............................................................. 37 37 60 69 73 82 83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 54 69 75 91 93 91

Management, business, and financial ............... 59 56 88 94 94 97 97

Professional and related .................................... 42 53 62 66 89 92 89

Teachers ........................................................ 10 57 15 14 87 89 77

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 72 14 13 97 99 87

Registered nurses ......................................... 61 53 75 86 91 94 94

Service ................................................................... 23 22 41 46 52 64 66

Protective service .............................................. 40 40 67 71 74 82 83

Sales and office ..................................................... 43 39 68 76 75 84 86

Sales and related ............................................... 35 31 56 66 64 76 80

Office and administrative support ...................... 47 44 74 83 82 88 90

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 30 27 57 74 65 82 86

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 19 17 44 59 51 72 77

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 41 36 70 89 78 93 94

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 32 27 58 77 68 84 86

Production ......................................................... 33 24 57 86 68 88 91

Transportation and material moving .................. 31 30 58 70 67 80 81

Full time ................................................................. 46 46 73 84 85 94 94

Part time ................................................................ 13 13 22 27 38 49 51

Union ..................................................................... 44 56 66 72 90 95 92

Nonunion ............................................................... 36 34 59 69 70 80 82

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 18 17 34 43 46 60 63

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10 9 23 30 32 47 51

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40 38 65 78 76 88 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 47 44 75 85 85 92 92

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 49 56 72 78 92 95 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 51 57 74 78 94 96 92

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 34 27 61 84 71 90 92

Service-providing industries .................................. 38 39 60 67 73 81 82

Education and health services ........................... 41 51 59 63 86 90 88

Educational services ...................................... 22 57 39 37 91 91 83

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 18 67 27 24 94 94 84

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 32 40 65 65 90 91 85

Health care and social assistance ................. 53 48 72 81 83 89 91

Hospitals .................................................... 65 58 83 92 93 95 96

Public administration ......................................... 51 51 87 87 91 91 91

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 25 51 62 61 74 76

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 23 50 61 58 72 74

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 31 56 65 67 79 82

100 workers or more .............................................. 47 49 69 76 85 90 90

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 45 43 67 77 80 88 89

500 workers or more .......................................... 50 56 70 75 90 93 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 46 46 63 70 77 83 83

New England ..................................................... 38 39 57 64 76 82 82

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 49 64 71 78 84 84

South ..................................................................... 36 37 60 71 72 83 86

South Atlantic .................................................... 39 38 61 72 71 83 86

East South Central ............................................ 29 30 61 73 72 85 86

West South Central ........................................... 36 37 59 69 72 84 86

Midwest ................................................................. 35 34 58 69 70 81 82

East North Central ............................................. 35 34 57 69 70 81 82

West North Central ............................................ 34 33 59 69 71 81 82

West ...................................................................... 34 35 60 67 75 82 80

Mountain ............................................................ 35 36 56 66 68 78 80

Pacific ................................................................ 34 34 62 67 79 84 80

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.5 2.9 2.6 3.1 2.1 0.5 1.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.0 2.8 2.9 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.7

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 3.3 3.2 3.9 3.3 4.3 3.3 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.3

Production ......................................................... 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.4 1.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.8 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 1.8 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.5 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 2.3 2.6 1.9 2.7 1.8 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 2.2 2.6 1.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.7

Public administration ......................................... 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.3 2.7 2.0 1.6 2.8 2.1 1.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.1 0.7

East South Central ............................................ 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.1 2.2 2.4 3.1 2.3 2.5 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.8

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 2.2 4.8 4.1 4.5 3.9 3.6

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.6 2.5 1.7 1.0 2.5 2.2 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.0

1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public sector, except the federal government. See

Technical Note for further explanation. 2 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Private Industry Tables 

Types of Benefits: 

・ Establishment data (Retirement and healthcare)

・ Retirement benefits

・ Healthcare benefits

・ Life, short-term, and long-term disability insurance benefits

・ Paid leave benefits

・ Other benefits (Quality of life, financial, health-related, nonproduction

bonuses, and unmarried domestic partner)

・ Benefit combinations (Medical care and paid leave) 
Table 1. Establishments offering retirement and healthcare benefits: private

industry workers, March 2016

(All establishments = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

All establishments .................................................. 47 8 46 57

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 38 9 36 49

Construction ...................................................... 29 10 27 40

Manufacturing .................................................... 50 7 49 60

Service-providing industries .................................. 48 8 47 59

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 54 9 52 60

Wholesale trade ............................................. 65 – 65 76

Retail trade .................................................... 50 7 48 54

Transportation and warehousing ................... 46 19 44 53

Utilities ........................................................... 95 – 95 98

Information ......................................................... 84 50 84 90

Financial activities ............................................. 61 18 61 73

Finance and insurance .................................. 76 26 76 80

Credit intermediation and related activities 86 39 86 93

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 61 9 60 59

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 37 – 37 61

Professional and business services .................. 50 2 50 61

Professional and technical services .............. 57 – 57 65

Administrative and waste services ................ 35 – 35 50

Education and health services ........................... 48 4 48 65

Educational services ...................................... 42 – – 48

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 96 – 95 99

Health care and social assistance ................. 49 4 49 66

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 24 – 24 32

Accommodation and food services ................ 24 – 24 29

Other services ................................................... 33 – 31 47

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 45 7 44 56

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 44 6 43 55

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 18 74 84

100 workers or more .............................................. 90 31 87 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 89 28 86 94

500 workers or more .......................................... 95 51 95 97

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Establishments offering retirement and healthcare benefits: private

industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All establishments = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 53 10 52 61

New England ..................................................... 64 10 62 56

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 10 48 62

South ..................................................................... 42 7 42 56

South Atlantic .................................................... 46 8 45 55

East South Central ............................................ 33 – 33 64

West South Central ........................................... 42 4 41 51

Midwest ................................................................. 48 9 47 57

East North Central ............................................. 42 10 41 60

West North Central ............................................ 59 – 58 52

West ...................................................................... 48 7 47 58

Mountain ............................................................ 53 4 53 59

Pacific ................................................................ 45 9 44 58

1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the

individual items because some employers offered both types of plans.

Note: Dash indicates no establishments in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 1. Standard errors for establishments offering retirement and healthcare

benefits: private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

All establishments .................................................. 1.9 0.6 1.9 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.2 0.9 2.0 3.0

Construction ...................................................... 2.2 1.6 2.2 2.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 4.6 1.1 4.4 7.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.2 0.7 2.2 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.3 1.2 2.2 3.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4.8 – 4.8 6.5

Retail trade .................................................... 2.8 0.8 2.8 3.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.9 4.9 5.7 6.6

Utilities ........................................................... 5.4 – 5.4 2.0

Information ......................................................... 6.6 13.8 6.6 4.8

Financial activities ............................................. 3.9 2.3 3.9 3.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.2 2.5 3.1 2.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.5 3.1 3.5 2.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 6.1 1.8 6.1 6.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.3 – 6.3 8.1

Professional and business services .................. 5.2 0.5 5.1 4.1

Professional and technical services .............. 7.6 – 7.6 8.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 8.8 – 8.8 8.2

Education and health services ........................... 8.4 0.8 8.4 7.6

Educational services ...................................... 12.2 – – 13.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.6 – 4.0 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 8.9 0.8 8.9 8.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.6 – 3.6 4.8

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.8 – 3.7 5.1

Other services ................................................... 4.2 – 3.9 5.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.0 0.7 2.0 1.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 0.7 2.1 1.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 3.1 1.4 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 3.2 1.6 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 6.7 1.5 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Standard errors for establishments offering retirement and healthcare

benefits: private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.3 1.0 3.3 3.0

New England ..................................................... 5.7 2.6 5.4 5.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.6 0.9 4.4 3.0

South ..................................................................... 2.5 1.1 2.4 2.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.7 1.6 2.7 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 7.2 – 7.1 8.2

West South Central ........................................... 3.9 0.7 3.6 4.6

Midwest ................................................................. 5.6 1.4 5.6 4.8

East North Central ............................................. 7.3 1.2 7.2 5.9

West North Central ............................................ 4.4 – 4.4 8.0

West ...................................................................... 4.1 1.2 4.1 3.8

Mountain ............................................................ 8.7 0.7 8.7 8.8

Pacific ................................................................ 3.8 1.7 3.8 3.2

1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans.

Note: Dash indicates no establishments in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 66 49 75 18 15 83 62 44 72

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 69 85 25 21 83 77 63 82

Management, business, and financial ............... 85 75 88 28 23 83 83 71 86

Professional and related .................................... 79 65 83 23 19 83 75 60 80

Service ................................................................... 41 23 56 7 6 86 38 19 51

Protective service .............................................. 60 31 52 – – – 56 27 48

Sales and office ..................................................... 69 50 72 16 11 74 66 46 70

Sales and related ............................................... 66 41 61 11 7 65 63 37 59

Office and administrative support ...................... 72 56 78 19 14 78 68 52 76

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 62 49 79 22 21 97 56 41 73

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 57 45 79 24 23 99 47 34 72

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 67 52 78 21 19 94 64 47 73

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 70 53 75 22 19 84 63 44 69

Production ......................................................... 74 56 75 21 18 84 71 50 70

Transportation and material moving .................. 67 50 74 23 20 85 56 39 69

Full time ................................................................. 77 60 78 21 18 85 72 54 75

Part time ................................................................ 37 21 56 8 5 68 33 17 53

Union ..................................................................... 91 81 90 70 65 94 55 44 80

Nonunion ............................................................... 64 46 73 13 10 77 62 44 71

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 42 22 52 6 4 63 39 19 49

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 33 14 42 4 2 52 30 12 40

Second 25 percent ............................................ 65 45 69 13 10 80 61 40 66

Third 25 percent ................................................ 78 64 82 23 20 86 72 56 78

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 87 76 88 34 29 86 82 69 84

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 79 90 35 29 84 84 73 87

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 74 60 80 25 22 87 70 53 76

Construction ...................................................... 55 43 79 19 18 96 46 34 74

Manufacturing .................................................... 83 67 81 28 23 83 81 61 76

Service-providing industries .................................. 64 47 74 16 13 82 60 42 71

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 74 50 67 18 14 76 66 42 64

Wholesale trade ............................................. 77 62 81 11 10 93 75 59 79

Retail trade .................................................... 71 39 56 14 8 61 63 34 53

Transportation and warehousing ................... 82 65 80 34 29 86 64 46 73

Utilities ........................................................... 97 93 96 76 70 91 96 80 84

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 89 79 89 38 35 92 89 74 83

Financial activities ............................................. 83 73 88 38 30 79 82 70 85

Finance and insurance .................................. 92 84 92 48 37 78 91 80 88

Credit intermediation and related activities 94 85 91 48 35 73 93 81 87

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 90 83 92 48 43 90 89 78 87

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 54 39 72 7 6 95 54 38 70

Professional and business services .................. 60 47 79 13 11 82 59 46 77

Professional and technical services .............. 76 65 85 14 12 87 75 63 84

Administrative and waste services ................ 38 24 63 4 4 90 38 23 62

Education and health services ........................... 72 56 79 17 14 84 66 50 75

Educational services ...................................... 72 64 88 16 13 82 63 54 85

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 77 88 16 10 64 84 74 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 55 77 17 15 84 67 49 73

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 32 14 45 4 4 100 30 12 40

Accommodation and food services ................ 31 13 41 3 3 100 29 10 36

Other services ................................................... 47 37 78 9 9 94 43 32 75

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 52 36 70 9 7 84 49 34 68

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 47 33 70 7 6 85 46 31 69

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 65 46 70 14 12 83 60 40 67

100 workers or more .............................................. 83 66 79 29 24 83 77 57 74

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 59 74 20 17 81 74 52 71

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 76 85 43 36 84 82 64 78

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 68 55 80 22 19 85 62 48 77

New England ..................................................... 70 55 78 19 17 88 65 49 76

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 68 55 81 23 20 84 61 47 78

South ..................................................................... 66 47 71 17 14 82 63 42 67

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 49 73 19 16 82 63 44 69

East South Central ............................................ 68 44 65 14 11 80 65 40 62

West South Central ........................................... 64 45 70 14 11 82 62 41 67

Midwest ................................................................. 70 53 76 19 16 84 66 48 72

East North Central ............................................. 70 53 76 19 16 85 65 47 72

West North Central ............................................ 72 54 75 17 14 80 69 49 71

West ...................................................................... 59 45 77 15 12 82 55 40 74

Mountain ............................................................ 62 46 74 11 9 78 59 42 72

Pacific ................................................................ 57 45 78 17 14 83 53 39 74

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2016

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.4 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.9 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.7 0.9

Service ................................................................... 2.4 1.4 2.2 0.7 0.6 2.6 2.3 1.3 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 5.8 4.2 10.6 – – – 6.4 4.5 11.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.9 1.1 0.9 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.9 3.6 1.7 1.4 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.8 1.3 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 0.5 3.1 2.3 3.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.1 2.1 1.7 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.1

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.1 3.1 2.2 1.9 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.9 2.1 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.5 2.0 1.4 0.9 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.6 0.9 2.2 2.2 0.7 2.7 2.2 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.1 1.5 0.5 0.3 2.5 1.6 1.0 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 1.2 2.3 0.6 0.3 4.6 2.3 1.2 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.2 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.9 0.9 2.5 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.9 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.1

Construction ...................................................... 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.0 2.2 1.5 2.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.3 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.0 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.2

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.7 2.4 1.6 1.3 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.8 3.4 2.6 3.2 2.7 1.8 4.2 4.1 3.1

Utilities ........................................................... 2.1 2.4 1.4 6.2 5.5 1.6 2.2 3.3 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 3.0 2.8 0.9 4.3 4.1 1.9 3.0 2.3 1.3

Financial activities ............................................. 1.9 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.8 0.9 1.8 1.9 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.9 1.1 0.7 2.2 1.7 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.1 1.4 1.0 3.1 2.6 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.6 1.8 1.0 2.4 2.4 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.4 5.2 4.6 2.6 2.6 5.4 5.3 4.5 3.8

Professional and business services .................. 3.2 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 3.3 2.9 2.2 1.8

Professional and technical services .............. 3.5 3.4 1.8 3.6 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.5 1.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.5 3.3 4.9 1.7 1.5 3.9 4.3 3.0 4.9

Education and health services ........................... 2.8 2.6 1.0 1.7 1.7 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 4.1 3.8 1.0 2.5 2.4 3.0 4.0 3.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.1 2.7 1.9 1.6 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 2.8 1.2 1.9 1.9 2.8 2.7 2.3 1.1

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.3 1.9 3.5 0.9 0.9 0.4 3.2 1.6 3.4

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.8 2.1 3.9 0.8 0.8 4 ( ) 3.6 1.8 3.8

Other services ................................................... 3.7 3.2 2.7 2.1 2.1 3.8 3.5 3.0 2.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.5 1.9 1.3 1.1 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.2 3.2 2.6 2.3 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.4 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.7 1.6 2.8 2.6 2.5 3.1 2.9 1.5 2.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.0 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.4 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.4 2.3 2.2 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 1.6 2.8 4.7 2.4 2.4 8.5 1.4 3.4 4.5

West South Central ........................................... 3.8 3.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 2.3 3.3 2.6 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 2.1 0.7 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.1 1.7 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.9 2.6 2.2 3.0 2.6 2.9 2.8 1.6 2.7

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.1 2.4 2.1 1.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.2 1.6 1.1

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, private industry

workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 13 4 48

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 21 3 56

Management, business, and financial ............... 26 2 57

Professional and related .................................... 19 4 56

Service ................................................................... 4 3 34

Protective service .............................................. 8 4 48

Sales and office ..................................................... 12 4 54

Sales and related ............................................... 7 4 55

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 3 53

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 6 40

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 13 10 34

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 18 2 46

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 15 7 48

Production ......................................................... 19 3 52

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 11 44

Full time ................................................................. 17 4 55

Part time ................................................................ 3 5 29

Union ..................................................................... 34 35 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 1 51

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 3 36

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 3 29

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 4 53

Third 25 percent ................................................ 17 5 55

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 29 5 53

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 31 4 53

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 21 4 49

Construction ...................................................... 10 9 36

Manufacturing .................................................... 26 3 55

Service-providing industries .................................. 12 4 48

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10 8 56

Wholesale trade ............................................. 9 2 66

Retail trade .................................................... 6 8 57

Transportation and warehousing ................... 16 18 48

Utilities ........................................................... 75 – 21

Information ......................................................... 37 – 51

Financial activities ............................................. 37 1 45

Finance and insurance .................................. 47 1 44

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

Credit intermediation and related activities 47 1 46

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 48 – 42

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6 – 48

Professional and business services .................. 12 – 47

Professional and technical services .............. 13 – 62

Administrative and waste services ................ 4 – 34

Education and health services ........................... 12 5 54

Educational services ...................................... 7 9 56

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 4 72

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 5 54

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 2 28

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2 28

Other services ................................................... 5 4 38

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 2 43

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 1 41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 5 51

100 workers or more .............................................. 22 7 54

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 14 6 59

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 7 47

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 16 6 46

New England ..................................................... 14 5 51

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 16 7 44

South ..................................................................... 13 3 50

South Atlantic .................................................... 15 4 48

East South Central ............................................ 11 3 54

West South Central ........................................... 11 2 51

Midwest ................................................................. 14 4 52

East North Central ............................................. 15 4 51

West North Central ............................................ 14 3 55

West ...................................................................... 11 4 44

Mountain ............................................................ 8 4 51

Pacific ................................................................ 12 5 40

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.7 1.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.8 2.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.9 1.8

Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.5 2.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.4 2.0 7.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.7 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.3 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 0.8 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.8 1.6 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.5 0.4 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 0.9 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.4 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.5 1.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.4 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.3 0.6 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.6 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.2 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.4 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.2 0.5 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.4 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.7 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 0.9 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.5 1.3

Construction ...................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 0.5 2.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.4 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.6 1.0 1.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 0.7 2.3

Retail trade .................................................... 0.7 1.0 1.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.5 3.2 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 6.1 – 5.7

Information ......................................................... 4.4 – 2.9

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 0.2 1.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.2 0.1 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.1 0.2 3.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.5 – 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.4 – 4.2

Professional and business services .................. 1.6 – 3.3

Professional and technical services .............. 3.4 – 4.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.6 – 4.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.3 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 2.3 3.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 1.2 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 1.4 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 0.7 3.1

Accommodation and food services ................ – 0.8 3.6

Other services ................................................... 1.8 1.0 3.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.3 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.3 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 0.9 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.7 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 0.8 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.2 1.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 0.9 1.9

New England ..................................................... 2.1 1.0 3.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 1.1 2.0

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.6 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.4 1.2 3.8

West South Central ........................................... 0.9 0.7 3.3

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.8 2.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 1.1 1.5

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.6 2.2

Mountain ............................................................ 0.6 0.4 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 0.9 2.9

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, private

industry workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 62 23 3 12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 55 27 3 15

Management, business, and financial ............... 55 23 3 19

Professional and related .................................... 55 29 4 13

Service ................................................................... 76 13 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 59 24 2 15

Sales and related ............................................... 58 20 2 20

Office and administrative support ...................... 59 25 2 14

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 76 17 2 4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 92 5 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 59 31 4 6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 62 24 3 11

Production ......................................................... 48 32 3 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 74 17 2 6

Full time ................................................................. 60 24 3 13

Part time ................................................................ 75 18 – –

Union ..................................................................... 79 18 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 50 27 4 19

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 65 23 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 79 16 – 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 64 18 2 16

Third 25 percent ................................................ 63 22 3 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 59 27 3 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 57 26 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 56 28 3 13

Construction ...................................................... 93 5 – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 42 36 4 18

Service-providing industries .................................. 64 22 2 12

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 69 24 1 6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 68 23 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 63 28 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 75 19 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 68 25 – –

Information ......................................................... 30 56 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, private

industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

Establishment characteristics

Financial activities ............................................. 55 19 3 23

Finance and insurance .................................. 53 20 3 24

Credit intermediation and related activities 46 18 2 33

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 68 20 3 9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 86 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 70 – – 10

Professional and technical services .............. 83 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 62 22 – –

Educational services ...................................... 58 30 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 66 19 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 20 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 93 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 – – –

Other services ................................................... 79 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 64 20 2 14

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 59 22 2 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 18 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 61 24 3 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 61 25 4 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 61 24 2 13

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 67 18 1 13

New England ..................................................... 70 19 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 66 18 1 14

South ..................................................................... 62 26 2 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 63 25 3 9

East South Central ............................................ 55 35 – –

West South Central ........................................... 62 24 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 63 20 3 14

East North Central ............................................. 66 17 – –

West North Central ............................................ 54 29 – –

West ...................................................................... 53 30 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 67 17 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 48 34 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.8 1.5 0.6 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.2 2.5 1.2 1.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.6 2.5 1.2 2.4

Professional and related .................................... 4.1 3.4 1.3 2.0

Service ................................................................... 4.8 3.3 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.1 1.6 0.4 1.4

Sales and related ............................................... 6.0 3.1 0.8 3.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 1.8 0.5 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 2.7 0.5 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 2.4 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4.4 4.1 1.0 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.0 3.0 0.6 2.1

Production ......................................................... 4.5 4.8 0.9 4.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.0 3.0 0.7 1.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 1.6 0.6 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.3 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.0 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.3 1.9 0.9 1.6

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.2 3.9 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.1 4.6 – 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.6 1.9 0.8 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.2 2.0 0.5 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 2.1 1.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.1 3.4 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.1 3.7 0.7 2.1

Construction ...................................................... 2.3 2.1 – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 3.8 4.2 1.0 3.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.0 1.6 0.8 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.3 2.3 0.3 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5.8 5.6 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 3.7 2.9 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.8 4.7 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 5.2 4.4 – –

Information ......................................................... 4.5 5.0 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

Establishment characteristics

Financial activities ............................................. 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.2 2.0 0.5 1.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.2 1.9 0.7 3.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 4.0 3.1 0.9 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 8.0 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 6.4 – – 2.6

Professional and technical services .............. 8.1 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 6.2 4.5 – –

Educational services ...................................... 6.9 8.3 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.0 4.5 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 7.0 5.0 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 5.7 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.0 – – –

Other services ................................................... 8.6 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.0 2.5 0.6 2.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.5 3.0 0.8 2.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.3 3.7 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.1 1.7 0.8 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.2 2.6 1.7 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.4 2.2 0.7 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.9 1.8 0.4 1.4

New England ..................................................... 3.8 3.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.6 2.2 0.5 1.7

South ..................................................................... 3.0 2.6 0.6 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.2 3.5 0.8 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 5.9 7.5 – –

West South Central ........................................... 4.3 3.6 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 3.1 2.7 1.1 3.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.9 1.5 – –

West North Central ............................................ 3.6 7.7 – –

West ...................................................................... 5.2 4.8 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 3.1 2.8 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 6.5 6.1 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 77

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 75

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 80

Professional and related .................................... – – 71

Service ................................................................... – – 61

Protective service .............................................. – – 99

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 80

Sales and related ............................................... – – 91

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 76

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 30 70

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 65

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 29 71

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 14 86

Production ......................................................... – 17 83

Transportation and material moving .................. – 7 93

Full time ................................................................. – – 77

Part time ................................................................ – – 80

Union ..................................................................... – 34 66

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 80

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 81

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 61

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 79

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 79

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 75

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 77

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 23 77

Construction ...................................................... – – 74

Manufacturing .................................................... – 24 76

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 77

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 10 90

Wholesale trade ............................................. – – 79

Retail trade .................................................... – 8 92

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

Transportation and warehousing ................... – – 100

Utilities ........................................................... – 29 71

Information ......................................................... – 20 80

Financial activities ............................................. – 26 74

Finance and insurance .................................. – 27 73

Credit intermediation and related activities – 32 68

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 88

Professional and business services .................. – – 99

Professional and technical services .............. – – 96

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 99

Education and health services ........................... – – 57

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 46 54

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 58

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 70

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 67

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 23 77

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 79

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 81

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 78

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 77

New England ..................................................... – – 78

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 77

South ..................................................................... – 16 84

South Atlantic .................................................... – 19 81

East South Central ............................................ – – 78

West South Central ........................................... – – 94

Midwest ................................................................. – – 83

East North Central ............................................. – – 80

West North Central ............................................ – – 88

West ...................................................................... – 38 62

Mountain ............................................................ – 25 75

Pacific ................................................................ – 41 59

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2015 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2011 and 2014 are included in

the "2 to 5 year" column and plans frozen before 2011 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 2.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 3.7

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 2.9

Professional and related .................................... – – 5.1

Service ................................................................... – – 11.3

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.5

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 2.4

Sales and related ............................................... – – 3.1

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 3.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 6.8 6.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 18.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 7.3 7.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 2.9 2.9

Production ......................................................... – 4.1 4.1

Transportation and material moving .................. – 3.0 3.0

Full time ................................................................. – – 2.6

Part time ................................................................ – – 4.5

Union ..................................................................... – 5.1 5.1

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 2.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 9.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 13.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 4.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 3.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 2.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 3.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 4.5 4.5

Construction ...................................................... – – 19.5

Manufacturing .................................................... – 4.2 4.2

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 3.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 2.1 2.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. – – 9.3

Retail trade .................................................... – 2.4 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

Transportation and warehousing ................... – – 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 5.1 5.1

Information ......................................................... – 4.7 4.7

Financial activities ............................................. – 3.5 3.5

Finance and insurance .................................. – 3.5 3.5

Credit intermediation and related activities – 4.4 4.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 4.1

Professional and business services .................. – – 1.1

Professional and technical services .............. – – 4.6

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 1.4

Education and health services ........................... – – 10.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 9.8 9.8

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 12.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 4.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 5.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 5.6 5.6

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 2.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 4.8

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 3.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 2.4

New England ..................................................... – – 7.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 2.2

South ..................................................................... – 3.2 3.2

South Atlantic .................................................... – 3.9 3.9

East South Central ............................................ – – 13.8

West South Central ........................................... – – 2.4

Midwest ................................................................. – – 6.5

East North Central ............................................. – – 9.6

West North Central ............................................ – – 3.9

West ...................................................................... – 6.1 6.1

Mountain ............................................................ – 6.2 6.2

Pacific ................................................................ – 7.1 7.1

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2015 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2011 and 2014 are included in

the "2 to 5 year" column and plans frozen before 2011 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private industry workers, March

2016

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 12 88 8 23 32 33

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10 90 7 26 37 31

Management, business, and financial ............... 10 90 6 28 37 28

Professional and related .................................... 10 90 8 24 37 33

Service ................................................................... 12 88 – – 35 45

Sales and office ..................................................... 18 82 6 20 31 30

Sales and related ............................................... 25 75 – – 33 38

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 84 7 24 31 27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 93 – 35 34 18

Production, transportation, and material moving:

Transportation and material moving ................ 9 91 – 25 15 46

Full time ................................................................. 11 89 8 24 33 32

Part time ................................................................ 29 71 8 – – 40

Union ..................................................................... 3 97 11 37 27 27

Nonunion ............................................................... 14 86 7 20 33 35

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 29 71 – – 24 30

Second 25 percent ............................................ 15 85 10 14 27 38

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11 89 8 25 25 37

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 9 91 7 27 39 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 9 91 6 27 45 28

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 7 93 8 22 38 34

Manufacturing .................................................... 7 93 6 19 40 36

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 86 7 24 30 33

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 18 82 9 20 21 39

Retail trade .................................................... 37 63 – 10 20 39

Financial activities ............................................. 10 90 3 16 44 27

Finance and insurance .................................. 11 89 4 16 43 27

Credit intermediation and related activities 6 94 5 13 42 35

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 14 86 2 29 44 –

Professional and business services:

Professional and technical services ............. – 100 – 80 81 –

Education and health services ........................... 12 88 – – 21 43

Health care and social assistance ................. 11 89 – – 24 48

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 12 88 11 19 23 35

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 94 – 20 26 40

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88 6 25 35 32

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 16 84 8 33 30 30

500 workers or more .......................................... 8 92 5 19 38 34

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 13 87 3 17 33 37

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 13 87 3 18 32 35

South ..................................................................... 13 87 7 27 30 30

South Atlantic .................................................... 17 83 4 21 34 32

West South Central ........................................... 6 94 – 35 26 –

Midwest ................................................................. 11 89 13 23 24 37

East North Central ............................................. 12 88 14 21 22 37

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private

industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.9 2.4 2.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 2.0 1.6 3.6 4.7 3.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.5 2.5 1.6 4.0 4.8 4.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.4 2.4 2.3 3.9 5.6 3.7

Service ................................................................... 2.5 2.5 – – 4.6 8.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.8 0.9 2.3 2.6 2.5

Sales and related ............................................... 3.6 3.6 – – 4.9 4.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 2.0 1.1 2.3 2.9 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.8 2.8 – 5.8 5.8 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving:

Transportation and material moving ................ 2.6 2.6 – 5.3 4.1 6.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.2 2.0 2.5 2.1

Part time ................................................................ 4.4 4.4 2.4 – – 6.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 2.0 5.0 4.6 4.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 2.9 2.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.0 5.0 – – 4.9 6.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 2.1 1.7 2.6 3.2 4.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.5 2.5 1.5 3.4 2.7 2.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9 1.5 2.9 4.2 2.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.9 2.9 1.7 5.1 6.5 4.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 1.9 2.2 3.0 5.0 3.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.1 2.1 2.8 2.5 5.2 3.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.7 1.7 1.4 2.5 2.4 2.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.9 2.9 2.2 3.6 3.2 4.4

Retail trade .................................................... 5.0 5.0 – 2.0 4.1 5.7

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.7 0.6 1.6 2.6 3.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.8 1.8 0.6 1.6 2.5 3.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.0 2.0 1.2 2.8 4.9 4.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.0 3.0 0.6 4.0 5.1 –

Professional and business services:

Professional and technical services ............. – 0.0 – 14.4 14.3 –

Education and health services ........................... 2.9 2.9 – – 4.7 6.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.6 – – 5.3 7.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for frozen defined benefit retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private

industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.2 4.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.6 – 3.9 3.6 6.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.6 1.6 1.2 2.5 3.3 2.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.0 3.0 2.1 4.8 4.8 4.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.5 3.9 3.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.1 3.1 0.8 2.4 2.9 3.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.6 3.6 1.0 3.2 2.8 3.3

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.7 2.2 3.6 3.3 3.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.2 4.1 4.9 3.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 1.8 – 5.9 5.3 –

Midwest ................................................................. 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.4 4.0 2.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 2.2 3.7 2.8 3.7 2.8

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, private

industry workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 68 32 82 18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 69 31 84 16

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 30 85 15

Professional and related .................................... 67 33 83 17

Service ................................................................... 67 33 84 16

Protective service .............................................. 81 19 87 13

Sales and office ..................................................... 66 34 78 22

Sales and related ............................................... 67 33 74 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 66 34 80 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 36 81 19

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 52 48 74 26

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 71 29 85 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 69 31 83 17

Production ......................................................... 70 30 83 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 31 83 17

Full time ................................................................. 68 32 83 17

Part time ................................................................ 62 38 75 25

Union ..................................................................... 67 33 81 19

Nonunion ............................................................... 68 32 82 18

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 68 32 76 24

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 68 32 74 26

Second 25 percent ............................................ 67 33 81 19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 67 33 83 17

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 32 84 16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 30 85 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 66 34 81 19

Construction ...................................................... 54 46 74 26

Manufacturing .................................................... 68 32 83 17

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 32 82 18

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 66 34 77 23

Wholesale trade ............................................. 77 23 88 12

Retail trade .................................................... 60 40 69 31

Transportation and warehousing ................... 64 36 80 20

Utilities ........................................................... 79 21 93 7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, private

industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

Information ......................................................... 82 18 92 8

Financial activities ............................................. 69 31 79 21

Finance and insurance .................................. 70 30 78 22

Credit intermediation and related activities 67 33 75 25

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 74 26 83 17

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 68 32 – –

Professional and business services .................. 74 26 88 12

Professional and technical services .............. 70 30 86 14

Administrative and waste services ................ 79 21 88 12

Education and health services ........................... 61 39 82 18

Educational services ...................................... 64 36 86 14

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 43 81 19

Health care and social assistance ................. 61 39 81 19

Other services ................................................... 58 42 84 16

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 66 34 83 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 65 35 83 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 30 83 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 32 81 19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 69 31 82 18

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 32 81 19

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 66 34 85 15

New England ..................................................... 65 35 84 16

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 66 34 85 15

South ..................................................................... 71 29 81 19

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 32 79 21

East South Central ............................................ 78 22 85 15

West South Central ........................................... 74 26 82 18

Midwest ................................................................. 64 36 81 19

East North Central ............................................. 64 36 81 19

West North Central ............................................ 65 35 80 20

West ...................................................................... 67 33 82 18

Mountain ............................................................ 68 32 84 16

Pacific ................................................................ 66 34 81 19

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3

Service ................................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.3 4.3 3.1 3.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.7 3.7 3.0 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.4

Production ......................................................... 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.5

Construction ...................................................... 3.3 3.3 1.8 1.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3

Retail trade .................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.4 3.4 2.8 2.8

Utilities ........................................................... 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

Information ......................................................... 3.5 3.5 2.6 2.6

Financial activities ............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.5 2.5 1.7 1.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.5 5.5 – –

Professional and business services .................. 2.8 2.8 1.7 1.7

Professional and technical services .............. 3.7 3.7 2.4 2.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.9 3.9 3.2 3.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8

Other services ................................................... 5.1 5.1 3.5 3.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 4.0 4.0 3.1 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 2.5 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.6 2.6 3.3 3.3

West ...................................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.9 4.9 2.5 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry

workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 68 54 80 67 49 73

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 74 85 86 66 77

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 81 86 94 73 77

Professional and related .................................... 82 70 85 82 62 76

Service ................................................................... 39 25 64 39 23 58

Protective service .............................................. 40 24 60 40 20 51

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 52 78 66 47 71

Sales and related ............................................... 55 41 74 55 37 67

Office and administrative support ...................... 75 60 81 74 54 73

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 61 84 72 58 80

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 65 56 85 65 53 82

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 79 66 84 79 62 79

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 74 60 80 74 55 74

Production ......................................................... 81 65 81 80 61 75

Transportation and material moving .................. 68 55 80 68 49 73

Full time ................................................................. 86 70 81 86 63 74

Part time ................................................................ 20 13 65 19 11 59

Union ..................................................................... 93 84 90 93 78 85

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 51 78 65 46 71

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 34 21 62 33 19 57

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 22 12 52 22 11 48

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 55 77 71 50 70

Third 25 percent ................................................ 85 71 83 85 65 77

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 80 87 92 72 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 81 87 93 72 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 84 71 85 84 66 79

Construction ...................................................... 67 55 81 67 52 77

Manufacturing .................................................... 92 79 86 92 73 79

Service-providing industries .................................. 65 51 78 64 46 71

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 68 52 77 67 47 70

Wholesale trade ............................................. 85 70 82 85 63 74

Retail trade .................................................... 56 39 70 54 35 65

Transportation and warehousing ................... 83 69 83 83 61 73

Utilities ........................................................... 99 93 95 99 83 84

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 42 33 78 24 18 78 66 48 73

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 60 49 81 34 27 80 85 65 76

Management, business, and financial ............... 65 53 82 36 29 81 93 72 78

Professional and related .................................... 58 47 80 32 25 79 81 61 76

Service ................................................................... 22 15 67 13 10 71 37 22 59

Protective service .............................................. 30 18 59 17 – – 34 20 59

Sales and office ..................................................... 38 29 76 20 15 76 65 46 71

Sales and related ............................................... 28 20 72 15 12 76 54 36 67

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 36 78 23 18 77 73 53 73

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 32 83 25 21 84 71 57 80

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 31 27 89 21 20 93 64 52 82

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 45 35 79 27 21 77 77 60 79

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 45 36 80 26 20 79 73 54 74

Production ......................................................... 48 38 78 25 19 76 79 60 76

Transportation and material moving .................. 41 34 82 26 21 82 67 49 73

Full time ................................................................. 53 42 79 30 24 79 84 62 74

Part time ................................................................ 12 8 67 7 4 66 19 11 60

Union ..................................................................... 73 63 87 54 45 84 92 78 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 30 77 20 16 77 64 45 71

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 10 65 9 6 68 32 18 58

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10 6 60 6 4 65 22 10 48

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40 31 77 21 17 78 69 49 70

Third 25 percent ................................................ 53 42 80 29 23 80 84 64 76

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 54 82 39 31 80 91 71 78

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 57 81 42 33 79 92 72 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 52 43 83 31 26 83 83 66 79

Construction ...................................................... 30 26 85 19 17 90 66 51 77

Manufacturing .................................................... 62 52 83 37 30 81 91 72 79

Service-providing industries .................................. 40 31 77 22 17 77 63 45 71

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 36 28 78 21 16 78 66 46 70

Wholesale trade ............................................. 47 38 81 29 22 78 83 61 73

Retail trade .................................................... 24 17 71 13 10 75 53 34 65

Transportation and warehousing ................... 54 45 82 34 28 83 82 60 73

Utilities ........................................................... 71 64 91 51 42 82 99 84 85

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 94 84 89 94 77 82

Financial activities ............................................. 88 75 85 88 69 78

Finance and insurance .................................. 93 80 85 93 73 78

Credit intermediation and related activities 95 80 84 95 73 76

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 89 78 87 89 72 80

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 71 59 82 71 56 79

Professional and business services .................. 66 53 81 66 49 74

Professional and technical services .............. 83 70 84 83 65 78

Administrative and waste services ................ 43 32 75 42 29 69

Education and health services ........................... 74 60 80 74 52 70

Educational services ...................................... 76 64 84 76 57 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 75 84 90 68 76

Health care and social assistance ................. 74 59 79 73 51 70

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 31 18 59 31 17 55

Accommodation and food services ................ 30 16 53 30 15 49

Other services ................................................... 46 37 80 46 35 75

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 42 75 55 39 70

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 52 38 74 52 36 69

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 67 53 79 66 47 72

100 workers or more .............................................. 83 69 83 82 62 75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 65 82 79 58 74

500 workers or more .......................................... 88 76 86 88 68 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 68 55 80 68 50 73

New England ..................................................... 66 51 78 66 46 71

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 56 81 69 51 74

South ..................................................................... 68 53 78 68 48 71

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 53 78 67 48 71

East South Central ............................................ 71 54 76 71 49 69

West South Central ........................................... 67 53 78 67 49 73

Midwest ................................................................. 69 55 79 69 49 71

East North Central ............................................. 69 55 79 69 49 71

West North Central ............................................ 69 56 81 69 49 72

West ...................................................................... 66 54 83 65 50 76

Mountain ............................................................ 65 53 81 65 48 74

Pacific ................................................................ 66 55 84 66 51 78

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 73 57 79 54 42 79 92 76 82

Financial activities ............................................. 65 51 79 29 22 77 87 68 78

Finance and insurance .................................. 74 58 79 31 23 75 93 73 78

Credit intermediation and related activities 77 59 76 32 23 73 95 72 76

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 69 56 81 32 24 76 89 71 80

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 36 29 81 23 20 85 69 54 78

Professional and business services .................. 39 31 79 23 17 76 65 48 74

Professional and technical services .............. 49 40 82 32 25 78 82 64 78

Administrative and waste services ................ 21 15 72 12 9 74 41 29 70

Education and health services ........................... 51 39 77 24 18 77 71 50 70

Educational services ...................................... 53 39 73 27 19 70 75 57 76

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 61 44 72 32 21 67 89 67 76

Health care and social assistance ................. 50 39 77 23 18 79 71 49 69

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 18 12 65 14 10 70 30 17 56

Accommodation and food services ................ 18 11 60 14 9 66 29 14 50

Other services ................................................... 26 20 76 15 13 83 46 34 75

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 22 74 17 12 73 54 37 70

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 19 76 15 11 73 50 35 69

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 42 30 71 22 16 73 64 46 72

100 workers or more .............................................. 57 46 81 32 26 81 82 61 75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 50 40 80 28 23 81 78 57 74

500 workers or more .......................................... 69 56 81 38 31 82 88 67 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 44 35 79 22 17 77 67 49 73

New England ..................................................... 41 32 77 12 9 75 64 45 70

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 45 36 79 26 20 77 67 50 74

South ..................................................................... 38 29 76 20 15 76 66 47 71

South Atlantic .................................................... 41 31 77 22 17 77 65 46 72

East South Central ............................................ 33 26 78 18 13 73 71 49 69

West South Central ........................................... 36 27 74 19 14 76 65 47 72

Midwest ................................................................. 43 33 77 23 18 77 68 48 71

East North Central ............................................. 42 32 77 23 18 76 68 48 71

West North Central ............................................ 45 35 77 22 17 78 68 49 72

West ...................................................................... 45 37 82 30 25 82 65 50 76

Mountain ............................................................ 41 34 84 26 21 83 64 47 74

Pacific ................................................................ 47 38 81 32 26 82 65 51 78

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.2 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 4.9 5.1 10.2 5.0 4.5 10.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.6 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 2.4 1.7 3.0 2.4 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.3 0.7

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.1 1.1 2.2 2.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.6 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 0.8 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 0.8 2.4 1.4 0.7 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.6

Construction ...................................................... 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.3 1.2 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.8 1.5 1.0

Retail trade .................................................... 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.9 0.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.3 3.0 1.6 3.5 3.3 2.1

Utilities ........................................................... 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.8 2.5 2.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.5 0.9 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.1 2.3 1.4 1.0 2.8 1.9 1.2 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 5.0 4.5 14.3 5.0 – – 5.6 4.5 9.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 2.7 1.2 1.0 3.1 1.8 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.0 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.4 3.0 2.5 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 2.0 1.7 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 0.8

Production ......................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.7 2.0 0.7 0.4 2.6 1.2 0.7 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.6 1.8 0.7 0.4 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.1 0.6 3.8 0.8 0.5 4.7 1.4 0.7 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 2.0 1.4 2.4 1.9 2.7 1.4 1.6 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6

Construction ...................................................... 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.6 2.9 1.8 1.5 1.1

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.7 2.3 1.3 0.9 0.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.0 4.0 2.8 4.0 3.4 2.4 3.2 3.0 2.0

Utilities ........................................................... 7.0 7.0 1.5 6.3 5.2 2.3 0.8 2.2 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.4 2.1 2.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 1.9 1.1 1.7 2.0 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.1 4.5 2.9 4.1 4.4 3.0

Professional and business services .................. 2.1 1.8 1.3 2.2 1.6 1.7

Professional and technical services .............. 2.9 2.6 1.4 2.9 2.4 1.8

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.9 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.4

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 2.0 1.3 2.3 1.9 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.8 1.3 2.7 2.8 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 2.2 1.5 2.6 2.0 1.9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.4 1.6 2.9 2.5 1.6 2.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.0 1.8 2.6 3.0 1.7 2.3

Other services ................................................... 3.3 2.8 1.9 3.3 2.6 2.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.7 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.6 1.6 2.8 2.3 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.4 1.3 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.5 0.7 1.8 1.2 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.7 1.0 1.9 1.4 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 4.2 4.2 2.4 4.4 3.4 2.7

West South Central ........................................... 4.1 3.1 1.0 4.3 2.3 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.3 0.7 1.9 1.2 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 1.4 0.7 1.9 1.1 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 4.4 2.6 1.7 4.5 3.0 2.3

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.8 1.7 2.8 3.0 2.3 3.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.8 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 3.1 2.7 2.3 3.3 2.8 2.9 1.8 2.2 2.1

Financial activities ............................................. 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.8 1.8 1.3 2.5 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.0 0.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.4 1.8 1.0 2.8 2.1 2.3 1.6 2.0 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.1 5.2 2.9 3.9 3.4 2.9 3.8 4.0 3.1

Professional and business services .................. 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.2 3.5 2.3 1.5 1.5

Professional and technical services .............. 3.5 3.1 1.7 3.2 2.7 3.4 3.0 2.4 1.8

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.9 2.3 5.3 2.4 1.8 7.4 3.0 2.4 3.0

Education and health services ........................... 3.0 2.6 1.3 2.2 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 2.5 2.0 3.4 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.7 1.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.5 3.7 1.7 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.4 2.9 1.4 2.3 1.8 2.7 2.6 2.0 2.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.2 1.5 3.3 2.4 1.8 3.6 2.4 1.5 2.8

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.2 1.5 3.6 2.5 1.7 4.5 3.1 1.7 2.4

Other services ................................................... 3.7 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.7 1.2 0.7 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.7 1.2 0.8 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.6 3.7 2.8 2.3 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.1

New England ..................................................... 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.3 1.6 3.6 2.1 2.4 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.1 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.8 3.0 2.3 3.0 1.5 6.5 4.4 3.4 2.6

West South Central ........................................... 3.0 2.9 2.1 1.6 1.6 3.1 4.3 2.5 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.8 2.1 1.3 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.0 2.2 1.3 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 4.8 4.0 2.0 3.2 2.3 1.5 4.5 3.0 2.2

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 2.1 0.9 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.8 2.3 3.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.3

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, private industry workers, March 2016

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 79 21 68 32

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 80 20 69 31

Management, business, and financial ............... 80 20 70 30

Professional and related .................................... 80 20 68 32

Service ................................................................... 80 20 64 36

Protective service .............................................. 83 17 72 28

Sales and office ..................................................... 77 23 65 35

Sales and related ............................................... 75 25 63 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 78 22 66 34

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 20 69 31

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 81 19 68 32

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 79 21 69 31

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 20 71 29

Production ......................................................... 79 21 71 29

Transportation and material moving .................. 81 19 71 29

Full time ................................................................. 79 21 68 32

Part time ................................................................ 77 23 63 37

Union ..................................................................... 87 13 83 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 78 22 65 35

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 76 24 62 38

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 75 25 62 38

Second 25 percent ............................................ 78 22 64 36

Third 25 percent ................................................ 80 20 68 32

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 81 19 72 28

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 81 19 73 27

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 80 20 72 28

Construction ...................................................... 82 18 68 32

Manufacturing .................................................... 80 20 74 26

Service-providing industries .................................. 79 21 67 33

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 78 22 66 34

Wholesale trade ............................................. 79 21 69 31

Retail trade .................................................... 74 26 60 40

Transportation and warehousing ................... 82 18 72 28

Utilities ........................................................... 84 16 77 23

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

Information ......................................................... 81 19 77 23

Financial activities ............................................. 79 21 69 31

Finance and insurance .................................. 79 21 72 28

Credit intermediation and related activities 79 21 70 30

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 80 20 74 26

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 76 24 60 40

Professional and business services .................. 78 22 64 36

Professional and technical services .............. 82 18 68 32

Administrative and waste services ................ 72 28 56 44

Education and health services ........................... 79 21 64 36

Educational services ...................................... 80 20 66 34

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 80 20 71 29

Health care and social assistance ................. 79 21 64 36

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 83 17 72 28

Accommodation and food services ................ 80 20 70 30

Other services ................................................... 85 15 66 34

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 21 64 36

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 80 20 64 36

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 23 63 37

100 workers or more .............................................. 79 21 71 29

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 78 22 67 33

500 workers or more .......................................... 80 20 75 25

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 81 19 73 27

New England ..................................................... 79 21 71 29

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 82 18 74 26

South ..................................................................... 78 22 63 37

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 23 65 35

East South Central ............................................ 78 22 65 35

West South Central ........................................... 78 22 60 40

Midwest ................................................................. 78 22 69 31

East North Central ............................................. 78 22 70 30

West North Central ............................................ 79 21 67 33

West ...................................................................... 82 18 69 31

Mountain ............................................................ 80 20 68 32

Pacific ................................................................ 82 18 69 31

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Production ......................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.4 2.1 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.8

Utilities ........................................................... 1.2 1.2 2.1 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

Information ......................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Financial activities ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.9 1.9 4.1 4.1

Professional and business services .................. 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1

Professional and technical services .............. 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.8

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.7 1.6 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.7

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.6

Other services ................................................... 1.4 1.4 2.9 2.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

New England ..................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.8

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $417.09 16 $544.22 84 $393.24 $126.68

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 428.35 16 537.19 84 408.19 124.23

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 423.01 13 547.42 87 404.43 120.51

Professional and related .................................... 100 431.62 17 532.46 83 410.62 126.62

Service ................................................................... 100 415.00 19 546.10 81 384.75 128.62

Protective service .............................................. 100 377.74 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 397.58 11 543.59 89 378.78 127.87

Sales and related ............................................... 100 378.71 7 568.22 93 363.90 131.91

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 406.32 13 537.38 87 386.16 125.86

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 433.61 24 588.55 76 384.53 136.27

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 451.49 32 605.62 68 378.34 143.42

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 419.69 18 564.43 82 388.50 131.68

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 414.48 17 521.81 83 393.67 124.11

Production ......................................................... 100 400.56 15 504.47 85 383.99 124.53

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 431.01 19 536.57 81 405.94 123.58

Full time ................................................................. 100 418.63 16 545.35 84 394.83 126.24

Part time ................................................................ 100 394.08 16 527.00 84 369.42 133.30

Union ..................................................................... 100 499.82 39 582.29 61 446.14 129.40

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 403.17 12 522.85 88 387.12 126.37

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 384.76 13 541.91 87 362.66 133.75

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 401.06 11 596.52 89 378.39 143.60

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 404.07 15 529.81 85 382.35 128.60

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 418.77 17 540.78 83 393.73 126.26

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 436.29 17 557.39 83 412.04 123.07

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 429.25 15 510.06 85 415.15 122.21

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 419.57 19 539.53 81 392.36 122.79

Construction ...................................................... 100 450.32 31 593.84 69 385.06 133.93

Manufacturing .................................................... 100 410.30 15 503.79 85 394.23 118.20

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 416.37 15 545.91 85 393.49 127.78

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 100 407.74 14 538.61 86 386.44 132.95

Wholesale trade ............................................. 100 409.57 16 501.65 84 392.25 130.46

Retail trade .................................................... 100 377.53 11 561.17 89 355.87 143.07

Transportation and warehousing ................... 100 450.42 17 550.87 83 430.09 119.17

Utilities ........................................................... 100 466.16 22 539.23 78 444.93 113.36

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... 100 $413.97 15 $624.47 85 $377.05 $109.50

Financial activities ............................................. 100 398.11 8 599.32 92 379.46 116.06

Finance and insurance .................................. 100 396.59 8 571.99 92 381.60 111.79

Credit intermediation and related activities 100 396.30 6 562.52 94 385.11 111.18

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 100 392.92 10 575.98 90 372.43 109.70

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 100 404.18 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 100 407.73 15 474.44 85 396.08 132.40

Professional and technical services .............. 100 439.07 21 480.18 79 428.39 123.62

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 363.79 6 475.20 94 356.56 145.19

Education and health services ........................... 100 426.97 12 573.78 88 407.19 125.00

Educational services ...................................... 100 451.70 13 569.97 87 434.51 127.26

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 461.00 7 523.44 93 456.20 124.11

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 422.41 12 574.54 88 402.20 124.58

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 445.29 32 543.58 68 398.04 134.78

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 443.54 25 581.90 75 397.85 140.60

Other services ................................................... 100 479.80 42 589.72 58 399.57 143.45

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 422.81 21 547.99 79 390.63 131.71

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 429.25 22 549.53 78 395.54 128.12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 407.91 17 543.44 83 379.92 139.54

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 412.76 12 539.44 88 395.04 123.22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 408.88 13 556.38 87 387.40 128.44

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 418.00 12 514.52 88 405.23 116.26

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 451.38 19 552.33 81 427.41 127.57

New England ..................................................... 100 434.29 16 555.79 84 411.01 140.26

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 456.78 20 551.46 80 432.85 123.36

South ..................................................................... 100 398.61 13 517.65 87 380.60 129.88

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 401.96 13 526.47 87 383.01 132.60

East South Central ............................................ 100 393.91 15 515.65 85 372.67 129.51

West South Central ........................................... 100 395.42 13 503.07 87 380.49 125.62

Midwest ................................................................. 100 406.31 13 580.21 87 380.66 128.48

East North Central ............................................. 100 409.22 12 583.82 88 385.25 132.03

West North Central ............................................ 100 399.90 15 573.63 85 370.24 120.47

West ...................................................................... 100 427.99 20 539.89 80 399.87 118.66

Mountain ............................................................ 100 418.50 14 544.38 86 397.41 116.49

Pacific ................................................................ 100 432.26 23 538.61 77 401.09 119.74

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $2.52 0.7 $7.36 0.7 $2.40 $1.38

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.83 1.4 12.67 1.4 3.79 1.87

Management, business, and financial ............... 5.93 1.3 17.03 1.3 5.19 2.27

Professional and related .................................... 6.26 1.9 14.26 1.9 5.15 2.70

Service ................................................................... 6.52 3.1 22.90 3.1 7.63 5.64

Protective service .............................................. 15.94 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.84 0.8 9.82 0.8 4.00 2.11

Sales and related ............................................... 7.39 1.0 22.61 1.0 6.68 2.77

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.83 1.0 10.44 1.0 4.30 2.80

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7.94 2.2 12.23 2.2 6.99 4.45

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 15.16 4.1 17.51 4.1 10.60 9.35

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6.06 2.3 17.98 2.3 7.90 3.85

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.73 1.3 14.68 1.3 5.84 3.04

Production ......................................................... 7.60 1.4 15.22 1.4 8.22 3.98

Transportation and material moving .................. 7.32 2.3 20.85 2.3 7.41 3.80

Full time ................................................................. 2.71 0.7 7.87 0.7 2.56 1.31

Part time ................................................................ 7.07 2.1 14.38 2.1 7.65 5.81

Union ..................................................................... 8.22 2.4 15.67 2.4 6.46 3.30

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.74 0.6 9.35 0.6 2.55 1.44

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6.47 1.5 17.15 1.5 6.18 3.96

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 12.16 1.8 38.49 1.8 13.53 9.33

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.99 0.9 15.28 0.9 4.19 2.54

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4.07 1.0 12.17 1.0 3.56 1.84

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4.51 1.2 10.36 1.2 4.62 1.90

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6.16 2.1 15.65 2.1 7.05 2.57

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 6.92 1.5 12.20 1.5 5.63 2.99

Construction ...................................................... 12.55 3.6 13.37 3.6 9.29 7.28

Manufacturing .................................................... 6.48 1.3 15.78 1.3 6.41 2.98

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.62 0.8 8.88 0.8 2.60 1.55

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3.97 1.2 15.39 1.2 3.44 2.32

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6.76 1.6 19.82 1.6 6.61 3.74

Retail trade .................................................... 6.24 1.5 22.48 1.5 5.64 3.24

Transportation and warehousing ................... 10.13 3.2 32.43 3.2 9.81 4.61

Utilities ........................................................... 15.80 4.6 46.32 4.6 7.44 6.78

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... $7.42 2.9 $22.66 2.9 $7.74 $3.25

Financial activities ............................................. 5.09 1.0 16.38 1.0 3.60 1.84

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.92 0.8 24.96 0.8 2.42 1.99

Credit intermediation and related activities 5.95 0.9 31.70 0.9 5.53 2.47

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 7.39 2.0 39.81 2.0 3.38 2.39

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 23.07 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 7.33 1.7 15.58 1.7 7.70 3.74

Professional and technical services .............. 11.95 3.3 17.58 3.3 13.91 5.74

Administrative and waste services ................ 7.06 2.2 46.05 2.2 8.72 5.68

Education and health services ........................... 5.70 1.9 22.25 1.9 4.55 2.51

Educational services ...................................... 8.06 2.5 40.91 2.5 7.42 4.94

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6.62 1.7 29.01 1.7 6.96 3.76

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.96 2.2 25.34 2.2 5.35 2.81

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 8.62 6.0 29.13 6.0 15.16 10.16

Accommodation and food services ................ 14.79 5.6 48.32 5.6 15.65 12.20

Other services ................................................... 14.93 3.4 27.14 3.4 16.44 14.98

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.19 1.0 10.75 1.0 4.73 2.66

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.93 1.3 12.10 1.3 5.92 3.08

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8.21 1.5 13.90 1.5 9.10 5.63

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.05 0.8 12.97 0.8 2.64 1.43

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.68 1.0 15.69 1.0 3.83 2.11

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.91 1.3 21.60 1.3 3.19 1.64

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6.02 0.9 11.56 0.9 7.95 1.44

New England ..................................................... 7.90 2.3 22.94 2.3 6.63 3.35

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 8.30 1.1 13.23 1.1 10.84 2.11

South ..................................................................... 3.06 0.9 9.47 0.9 3.32 3.01

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.43 1.3 13.20 1.3 4.92 4.59

East South Central ............................................ 7.59 2.2 21.14 2.2 9.38 7.82

West South Central ........................................... 4.94 1.3 15.02 1.3 4.84 4.15

Midwest ................................................................. 6.80 1.6 13.74 1.6 4.43 2.02

East North Central ............................................. 8.49 2.0 15.11 2.0 5.78 2.26

West North Central ............................................ 11.38 2.4 27.74 2.4 6.82 3.99

West ...................................................................... 4.98 2.0 18.46 2.0 4.55 2.99

Mountain ............................................................ 6.37 1.3 48.80 1.3 8.95 4.83

Pacific ................................................................ 6.64 2.9 19.20 2.9 5.23 3.80

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 71 15 14 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 70 13 16 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 75 12 13 1

Professional and related .................................... 67 14 18 1

Service ................................................................... 72 16 10 1

Protective service .............................................. 60 – 24 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 20 11 1

Sales and related ............................................... 60 28 11 1

Office and administrative support ...................... 71 16 12 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 – 16 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 71 – 17 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 10 15 3 ( )

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 75 10 15 1

Production ......................................................... 78 11 12 3 ( )

Transportation and material moving .................. 72 9 18 1

Full time ................................................................. 71 14 14 1

Part time ................................................................ 59 25 14 2

Union ..................................................................... 76 6 15 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 16 14 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 22 8 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 80 13 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 17 12 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 72 12 15 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 70 12 16 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 71 12 16 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 75 11 14 1

Construction ...................................................... 80 – 10 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 74 12 13 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 69 16 14 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 63 21 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 80 7 13 –

Retail trade .................................................... 53 36 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 64 – 25 –

Utilities ........................................................... 67 – 24 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 81 – 12 –

Financial activities ............................................. 69 17 12 2

Finance and insurance .................................. 66 20 12 3

Credit intermediation and related activities 70 20 9 1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 59 20 15 6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 81 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 74 – 15 –

Professional and technical services .............. 73 – 18 –

Administrative and waste services ................ 77 – 13 –

Education and health services ........................... 71 14 14 1

Educational services ...................................... 77 16 6 1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 74 19 6 1

Health care and social assistance ................. 70 – 15 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 68 23 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 64 29 – –

Other services ................................................... 70 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 11 13 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 12 14 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 – 11 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 17 14 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 15 14 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 64 19 15 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 73 13 12 2

New England ..................................................... 77 11 10 2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 14 12 2

South ..................................................................... 72 15 12 3 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 72 16 – –

East South Central ............................................ 79 13 – –

West South Central ........................................... 70 14 15 3 ( )

Midwest ................................................................. 70 13 16 1

East North Central ............................................. 70 14 15 1

West North Central ............................................ 70 – 18 –

West ...................................................................... 66 16 16 1

Mountain ............................................................ 62 21 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 69 14 16 1

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2016

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.0 1.3 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.0 1.1 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.3 1.9 0.4

Service ................................................................... 2.6 2.0 1.6 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 7.3 – 6.4 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.3 1.6 1.4 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 – 2.1 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 – 3.8 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.7 1.1 2.4 0.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 1.5 1.5 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.7 2.0 1.8 0.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.0 1.7 2.4 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.3 2.6 2.3 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 1.3 2.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.7 2.3 0.9 0.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.8 3.4 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.2 1.3 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 1.1 1.9 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 1.8 1.4 0.3

Construction ...................................................... 1.8 – 1.7 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.6 2.2 1.7 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.2 1.4 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.7 2.0 2.6 –

Retail trade .................................................... 3.0 2.3 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.2 – 5.0 –

Utilities ........................................................... 5.8 – 6.1 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 3.0 – 2.2 –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.6 2.0 1.3 0.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.9 2.0 1.3 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.8 2.8 1.5 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 2.6 2.3 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.8 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 2.6 – 2.3 –

Professional and technical services .............. 4.1 – 4.6 –

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.9 – 2.8 –

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 1.9 2.3 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 2.8 2.6 1.4 0.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 1.8 1.6 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 – 2.7 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.0 3.9 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.5 4.8 – –

Other services ................................................... 6.5 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 1.5 1.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 – 2.4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.4 1.5 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.2 1.6 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.6 2.0 2.2 1.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 1.4 2.0 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4 – –

East South Central ............................................ 6.8 3.6 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 1.5 1.2 0.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 1.3 1.9 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 1.6 2.6 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 4.4 – 2.4 –

West ...................................................................... 2.5 2.2 2.0 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 5.8 4.7 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.4 2.1 0.3

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,014.30 8 $1,444.13 92 $977.66 $511.47

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,052.65 6 1,413.10 94 1,029.05 498.90

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 1,067.91 4 1,456.29 96 1,049.89 474.13

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,043.25 7 1,396.72 93 1,015.82 514.63

Service ................................................................... 100 955.46 11 1,401.21 89 900.11 578.68

Protective service .............................................. 100 939.62 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 943.61 4 1,486.39 96 921.16 521.14

Sales and related ............................................... 100 889.57 4 1,529.62 96 866.81 531.19

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 968.63 4 1,470.11 96 946.53 516.45

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,035.69 16 1,522.77 84 942.18 551.94

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 1,056.11 24 1,570.37 76 891.72 623.14

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 1,020.18 10 1,434.66 90 974.43 506.44

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,056.93 10 1,418.34 90 1,014.50 467.37

Production ......................................................... 100 1,042.27 8 1,429.99 92 1,008.00 442.23

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 1,074.33 13 1,409.92 87 1,022.69 499.00

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,021.50 8 1,441.81 92 986.73 509.51

Part time ................................................................ 100 907.62 11 1,468.01 89 838.04 541.64

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,305.12 34 1,515.80 66 1,198.57 418.40

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 965.87 4 1,331.82 96 952.32 522.15

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 881.02 6 1,401.86 94 849.77 555.30

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 963.68 4 1,511.58 96 938.77 575.10

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 946.60 6 1,358.17 94 918.73 542.47

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,029.02 8 1,461.87 92 989.29 509.37

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,096.72 9 1,482.50 91 1,057.48 474.14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,096.43 8 1,397.69 92 1,069.94 452.80

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 1,079.94 12 1,449.65 88 1,031.62 460.13

Construction ...................................................... 100 1,015.76 21 1,534.60 79 875.04 614.08

Manufacturing .................................................... 100 1,103.13 9 1,389.25 91 1,075.41 412.63

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 995.06 7 1,441.37 93 962.65 525.75

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 100 992.60 8 1,454.23 92 952.48 527.64

Wholesale trade ............................................. 100 1,052.62 8 1,491.55 92 1,013.40 492.08

Retail trade .................................................... 100 858.70 5 1,484.33 95 826.88 575.01

Transportation and warehousing ................... 100 1,121.22 13 1,415.33 87 1,076.80 490.74

Utilities ........................................................... 100 1,262.53 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... 100 $1,130.17 11 $1,737.08 89 $1,055.96 $360.86

Financial activities ............................................. 100 1,016.67 2 1,465.64 98 1,005.25 459.34

Finance and insurance .................................. 100 1,037.03 2 1,384.89 98 1,028.66 420.17

Credit intermediation and related activities 100 992.65 1 1,491.05 99 986.17 437.25

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 100 1,059.79 3 1,266.12 97 1,053.45 396.11

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 100 934.63 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 100 935.67 4 1,253.88 96 922.38 532.98

Professional and technical services .............. 100 1,003.16 6 1,226.63 94 989.17 496.49

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 814.06 – – – – –

Education and health services ........................... 100 977.46 5 1,455.75 95 950.96 566.87

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,036.66 4 1,632.88 96 1,012.56 527.28

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,117.23 3 1,615.10 97 1,101.91 479.58

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 966.45 5 1,432.50 95 939.30 574.36

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 1,115.95 – – – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 1,086.99 13 1,376.33 87 1,045.13 536.43

Other services ................................................... 100 1,047.39 16 1,403.84 84 980.97 623.99

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 959.27 8 1,411.76 92 918.64 573.57

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 948.20 8 1,353.29 92 912.33 564.39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 984.70 8 1,540.61 92 933.19 594.75

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,055.56 8 1,470.56 92 1,021.58 465.26

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,004.02 6 1,516.14 94 970.79 504.78

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,125.21 10 1,431.29 90 1,092.86 409.81

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,128.61 12 1,444.63 88 1,086.75 465.11

New England ..................................................... 100 1,116.89 11 1,465.01 89 1,074.46 493.03

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,132.39 12 1,438.67 88 1,090.75 456.00

South ..................................................................... 100 951.60 5 1,463.55 95 923.99 551.61

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 990.54 7 1,496.93 93 954.40 534.59

East South Central ............................................ 100 941.56 5 1,275.01 95 923.86 520.23

West South Central ........................................... 100 892.35 3 1,506.00 97 875.93 593.95

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,013.59 7 1,423.37 93 980.44 498.50

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,035.47 7 1,422.00 93 1,004.83 486.47

West North Central ............................................ 100 965.77 8 1,426.21 92 926.90 524.91

West ...................................................................... 100 1,015.77 9 1,444.99 91 972.19 499.01

Mountain ............................................................ 100 974.72 7 1,341.76 93 948.91 465.44

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,034.42 10 1,474.55 90 983.22 514.92

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $7.39 0.5 $20.72 0.5 $7.17 $5.86

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 12.07 0.8 39.36 0.8 10.76 10.14

Management, business, and financial ............... 16.19 0.8 51.34 0.8 15.72 10.17

Professional and related .................................... 15.74 1.1 50.34 1.1 13.55 13.67

Service ................................................................... 26.05 2.8 73.04 2.8 28.09 23.61

Protective service .............................................. 55.45 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 12.84 0.5 48.51 0.5 13.32 7.31

Sales and related ............................................... 18.68 0.5 88.62 0.5 19.05 14.02

Office and administrative support ...................... 13.40 0.5 53.24 0.5 13.56 11.20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 18.78 1.9 35.28 1.9 17.69 15.87

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 34.01 4.1 41.08 4.1 24.50 26.79

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 18.71 1.6 75.55 1.6 22.05 18.80

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 17.76 1.1 25.86 1.1 17.92 10.96

Production ......................................................... 24.49 1.1 47.07 1.1 23.84 12.41

Transportation and material moving .................. 23.93 2.1 30.93 2.1 24.53 17.90

Full time ................................................................. 8.00 0.6 22.61 0.6 7.54 6.12

Part time ................................................................ 26.90 2.1 43.07 2.1 27.18 21.11

Union ..................................................................... 18.04 2.5 19.82 2.5 19.91 12.99

Nonunion ............................................................... 8.47 0.4 38.42 0.4 7.89 6.32

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 21.87 1.2 46.02 1.2 23.58 16.03

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 46.42 1.0 126.59 1.0 52.16 30.60

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13.15 0.7 57.62 0.7 13.78 12.69

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11.30 0.7 26.72 0.7 10.57 8.97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 11.07 0.9 24.57 0.9 11.18 9.52

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 17.41 1.5 52.23 1.5 16.82 10.05

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 16.82 1.5 34.78 1.5 14.07 10.98

Construction ...................................................... 24.11 3.7 45.60 3.7 16.12 29.37

Manufacturing .................................................... 17.52 1.3 51.84 1.3 16.43 11.47

Service-providing industries .................................. 7.97 0.6 25.08 0.6 7.99 7.11

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 12.06 1.1 28.59 1.1 11.25 8.89

Wholesale trade ............................................. 18.94 1.6 97.22 1.6 18.34 14.97

Retail trade .................................................... 21.23 0.6 86.86 0.6 22.62 14.31

Transportation and warehousing ................... 35.23 3.0 49.96 3.0 34.70 22.44

Utilities ........................................................... 31.63 – – – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... $18.78 2.1 $37.23 2.1 $17.88 $11.28

Financial activities ............................................. 14.92 0.6 54.17 0.6 15.32 12.27

Finance and insurance .................................. 11.49 0.4 86.21 0.4 10.62 7.07

Credit intermediation and related activities 14.39 0.4 87.78 0.4 13.66 7.08

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 13.59 0.7 70.51 0.7 13.85 8.87

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 58.92 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 21.75 1.1 108.73 1.1 20.70 13.03

Professional and technical services .............. 31.96 1.9 126.91 1.9 31.29 17.28

Administrative and waste services ................ 28.50 – – – – –

Education and health services ........................... 18.81 1.0 42.51 1.0 17.07 19.04

Educational services ...................................... 29.67 1.5 61.34 1.5 26.71 16.06

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 23.77 0.9 67.22 0.9 22.99 15.57

Health care and social assistance ................. 22.87 1.3 61.64 1.3 19.84 22.40

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 28.19 – – – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 32.34 3.2 129.66 3.2 39.55 45.36

Other services ................................................... 69.85 4.3 169.40 4.3 64.66 32.28

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11.24 0.8 36.88 0.8 12.16 11.23

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 14.65 1.0 58.05 1.0 14.23 12.43

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 24.58 0.9 45.19 0.9 25.09 19.42

100 workers or more .............................................. 8.39 0.6 24.30 0.6 8.10 6.13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 12.15 0.8 31.12 0.8 11.63 8.66

500 workers or more .......................................... 9.73 1.1 34.82 1.1 9.22 7.61

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17.50 1.1 40.90 1.1 21.32 8.44

New England ..................................................... 27.65 2.2 53.13 2.2 28.47 18.39

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 21.03 1.4 49.77 1.4 27.70 10.78

South ..................................................................... 12.99 0.9 39.41 0.9 12.07 9.84

South Atlantic .................................................... 19.46 1.5 55.49 1.5 17.03 11.50

East South Central ............................................ 18.17 1.0 136.14 1.0 23.00 28.37

West South Central ........................................... 19.90 0.9 67.18 0.9 21.05 19.15

Midwest ................................................................. 15.59 1.2 49.71 1.2 13.63 15.05

East North Central ............................................. 19.01 1.7 61.59 1.7 16.59 13.84

West North Central ............................................ 28.43 0.5 84.49 0.5 25.04 36.88

West ...................................................................... 13.09 1.1 37.29 1.1 10.94 11.41

Mountain ............................................................ 10.02 1.0 34.02 1.0 9.40 26.21

Pacific ................................................................ 18.28 1.6 48.78 1.6 15.46 11.08

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 71 14 14 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 71 12 15 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 75 11 13 1

Professional and related .................................... 69 13 17 1

Service ................................................................... 70 16 – –

Protective service .............................................. 60 – 25 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 19 12 1

Sales and related ............................................... 59 28 11 2

Office and administrative support ...................... 71 15 13 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 72 – 17 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 70 – 19 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 10 15 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 75 9 15 1

Production ......................................................... 77 10 12 3 ( )

Transportation and material moving .................. 71 – 19 –

Full time ................................................................. 72 13 14 1

Part time ................................................................ 61 24 – –

Union ..................................................................... 76 5 16 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 15 14 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 68 21 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 81 13 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 16 13 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 73 11 15 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 71 12 16 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 72 12 15 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 74 10 14 1

Construction ...................................................... 80 – 12 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 74 11 14 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 14 14 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 64 20 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 80 – 14 –

Retail trade .................................................... 53 35 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 65 – 25 –

Utilities ........................................................... 65 – 27 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 81 – 12 –

Financial activities ............................................. 69 17 12 2

Finance and insurance .................................. 66 19 12 3

Credit intermediation and related activities 70 20 9 1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 61 19 15 5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 81 6 – –

Professional and business services .................. 75 – 16 –

Professional and technical services .............. 74 – 17 –

Administrative and waste services ................ 74 – 16 –

Education and health services ........................... 71 – 15 –

Educational services ...................................... 77 15 7 1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 73 18 8 1

Health care and social assistance ................. 70 – 17 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 70 21 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 66 25 – –

Other services ................................................... 75 – 14 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 10 14 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 74 11 15 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 – 11 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 16 15 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 14 15 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 65 18 15 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 74 12 12 2

New England ..................................................... 78 11 10 1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 13 13 2

South ..................................................................... 73 14 13 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 73 15 – –

East South Central ............................................ 80 12 – –

West South Central ........................................... 69 13 18 1

Midwest ................................................................. 70 13 16 1

East North Central ............................................. 71 – 15 –

West North Central ............................................ 69 – 19 –

West ...................................................................... 67 15 17 1

Mountain ............................................................ 64 19 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 68 13 18 1

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2016

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 1.1 1.9 0.4

Service ................................................................... 2.3 1.7 – –

Protective service .............................................. 7.2 – 6.3 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 2.3 1.7 1.3 0.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.3 – 2.2 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.8 – 3.9 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.9 1.1 2.5 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.1 1.4 1.5 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.6 1.9 1.8 0.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 – 2.1 –

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.2 2.5 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 1.2 2.2 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 2.1 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.5 3.2 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 1.0 1.8 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 1.7 1.5 0.3

Construction ...................................................... 2.2 – 1.6 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.6 2.1 1.9 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.1 1.3 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.3 – 2.3 –

Retail trade .................................................... 3.0 2.3 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.2 – 4.9 –

Utilities ........................................................... 5.2 – 5.8 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 3.4 – 2.2 –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.4 1.9 1.3 0.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.7 1.9 1.3 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.6 2.7 1.5 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 2.5 2.3 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.5 2.8 – –

Professional and business services .................. 2.3 – 2.3 –

Professional and technical services .............. 3.5 – 4.1 –

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.6 – 3.7 –

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 – 2.4 –

Educational services ...................................... 3.1 2.7 1.3 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.0 1.9 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 – 2.8 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.2 3.2 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.8 4.4 – –

Other services ................................................... 3.6 – 3.4 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 – 2.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.9 1.3 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.3 1.5 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.0 1.6 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.3 1.8 2.1 0.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 1.3 2.0 0.9

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.0 – –

East South Central ............................................ 5.6 3.1 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 1.4 1.1 0.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.6 1.3 2.1 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 3.0 – 2.7 –

West North Central ............................................ 5.0 – 2.8 –

West ...................................................................... 1.7 2.0 1.7 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.1 4.0 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 2.3 1.7 0.4

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, private industry workers, 

March 2016

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $43.33 $74.40 $112.51 $156.28 $227.50 $191.72 $281.65 $418.48 $660.09 $1024.75

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 42.27 70.00 108.88 149.99 227.96 185.92 288.48 407.50 628.00 1008.12

Management, business, and financial ............... 44.92 73.66 108.20 150.70 205.20 176.50 289.42 406.80 598.76 890.96

Professional and related .................................... 38.00 68.36 108.98 148.71 243.00 195.56 287.14 412.70 641.00 1049.57

Service ................................................................... – 74.00 105.07 159.09 236.40 200.00 302.69 499.72 816.09 1099.31

Protective service .............................................. – 53.80 114.87 126.70 158.84 223.00 302.31 460.95 662.90 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 46.19 77.99 117.42 159.70 219.00 206.00 292.23 427.41 682.19 1027.70

Sales and related ............................................... 56.30 81.54 121.24 162.49 219.00 223.69 291.73 421.16 682.19 951.92

Office and administrative support ...................... 43.33 74.40 115.66 159.19 219.00 198.00 294.28 432.83 680.04 1036.24

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 43.21 80.75 122.81 168.58 232.84 185.08 290.00 431.81 690.00 1140.06

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 49.02 82.28 107.69 177.57 232.75 226.77 328.13 493.57 787.49 1150.89

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 40.00 80.75 125.00 160.01 232.84 – 269.88 396.39 607.94 1094.67

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 46.00 75.83 114.78 158.93 215.03 177.09 259.48 384.99 574.78 891.11

Production ......................................................... 40.75 75.01 111.15 154.80 209.14 152.12 254.58 377.12 524.29 869.50

Transportation and material moving .................. 53.40 78.71 120.07 160.11 230.63 195.82 266.48 407.16 691.94 1048.07

Full time ................................................................. 43.33 74.40 112.08 155.02 217.42 189.43 281.41 414.68 652.50 1027.70

Part time ................................................................ – 74.41 118.61 204.91 236.40 215.34 321.51 506.85 691.94 894.37

Union ..................................................................... 35.00 80.59 119.05 179.86 236.40 167.12 242.38 356.99 557.78 802.63

Nonunion ............................................................... 43.95 74.00 111.99 153.62 217.42 195.00 289.91 425.00 666.62 1049.05

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 46.73 77.99 114.78 170.45 236.40 210.23 299.72 475.81 731.71 1024.75

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 53.80 76.00 124.75 202.57 236.40 230.06 299.71 501.32 731.71 1000.19

Second 25 percent ............................................ 41.24 75.00 113.88 158.93 230.63 200.66 296.42 436.00 732.57 1081.30

Third 25 percent ................................................ 44.61 74.40 114.85 154.31 219.46 183.90 271.90 412.89 650.55 1035.59

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 43.33 73.00 109.61 154.10 214.48 177.65 278.73 396.03 584.00 893.06

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 45.50 74.00 110.00 152.02 215.57 173.69 273.79 366.55 553.40 829.57

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 40.00 70.80 107.70 153.87 210.37 152.12 254.58 368.33 542.88 869.50

Construction ...................................................... 35.90 69.33 105.07 173.82 234.19 221.07 315.14 498.33 773.05 1184.55

Manufacturing .................................................... 41.24 70.00 108.15 150.57 200.08 142.99 238.33 342.75 496.83 771.25

Service-providing industries .................................. 44.61 75.00 114.26 157.43 233.18 200.00 293.11 431.61 691.94 1049.57

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 52.00 79.50 120.63 171.28 236.40 203.50 282.86 431.59 691.94 949.66

Wholesale trade ............................................. 52.15 77.99 114.83 155.29 204.57 198.91 271.90 398.60 653.80 913.37

Retail trade .................................................... 52.00 80.34 131.20 200.31 236.40 223.17 332.95 503.79 732.94 1011.86

Transportation and warehousing ................... 54.00 81.60 116.28 163.15 215.03 198.00 272.86 427.29 616.99 891.11

Utilities ........................................................... 29.00 66.18 97.82 137.38 208.46 179.69 236.00 344.63 465.54 871.33

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... $43.33 $66.80 $101.00 $140.98 $181.98 $145.16 $244.23 $319.00 $455.13 $596.03

Financial activities ............................................. 49.69 71.39 117.42 141.50 192.00 195.66 298.57 412.20 576.00 906.86

Finance and insurance .................................. 49.69 68.00 112.39 135.84 187.97 193.43 280.01 400.63 501.26 760.63

Credit intermediation and related activities 49.37 65.92 113.29 134.58 183.00 193.43 288.27 412.20 508.31 782.12

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 49.89 65.67 109.43 134.95 177.98 192.29 263.49 390.84 460.79 663.68

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 97.21 125.61 160.00 211.78 278.94 352.00 560.80 893.94 1167.74

Professional and business services .................. 45.50 82.00 124.67 162.53 244.95 195.00 323.15 439.16 673.56 1033.93

Professional and technical services .............. 38.00 78.12 112.08 144.50 240.51 189.85 310.18 431.67 634.73 900.56

Administrative and waste services ................ 53.80 94.00 135.90 173.61 247.91 233.74 385.00 459.06 793.37 1059.00

Education and health services ........................... 33.85 70.00 102.14 150.20 243.36 212.47 303.31 455.58 823.54 1106.41

Educational services ...................................... 38.00 71.00 103.00 161.75 238.79 215.34 312.92 472.62 695.56 987.30

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 33.40 68.20 101.00 154.62 214.00 200.00 291.00 419.99 573.35 751.24

Health care and social assistance ................. 32.00 69.81 101.96 147.00 243.36 210.97 302.12 445.70 850.65 1106.41

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 56.17 78.71 114.73 158.84 210.10 215.34 272.79 437.62 668.90 1051.55

Accommodation and food services ................ 60.59 78.71 117.68 184.64 216.00 215.34 294.73 459.10 744.24 1024.75

Other services ................................................... – 81.00 120.00 174.01 254.31 223.77 302.55 569.80 902.16 1158.99

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40.75 74.87 114.83 159.71 238.08 193.43 302.31 459.82 793.37 1106.41

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 37.67 74.68 113.28 152.07 214.16 193.15 302.38 440.00 762.07 1106.08

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 45.00 76.91 121.15 181.58 276.35 198.63 301.72 518.76 854.22 1106.41

100 workers or more .............................................. 43.51 74.10 110.00 154.80 211.15 182.00 270.00 396.72 562.94 851.45

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 44.61 78.04 112.31 161.92 236.40 206.22 290.00 426.98 643.95 933.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 43.21 72.00 107.10 148.00 190.86 145.16 241.45 349.91 480.45 646.42

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 46.23 73.86 113.16 160.01 232.90 162.49 256.03 375.40 573.92 893.61

New England ..................................................... 54.25 92.16 123.50 184.15 259.11 181.77 291.09 407.30 618.85 877.96

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 46.19 70.54 108.20 153.87 216.60 159.14 236.00 361.93 556.20 898.15

South ..................................................................... 46.49 79.90 116.00 163.08 232.31 211.90 305.92 456.80 732.57 1081.30

South Atlantic .................................................... 49.02 78.71 117.04 166.47 236.40 202.03 292.37 443.81 691.94 1049.05

East South Central ............................................ 53.00 82.27 108.98 163.15 234.79 196.76 297.62 427.29 691.94 1072.91

West South Central ........................................... 39.91 80.00 116.08 155.02 202.57 252.51 340.58 513.46 814.00 1106.41

Midwest ................................................................. 45.45 74.87 112.83 156.32 236.40 181.99 280.00 412.55 620.67 1008.92

East North Central ............................................. 47.00 79.08 117.14 160.11 240.72 177.28 280.49 409.28 593.34 959.33

West North Central ............................................ 43.33 70.00 106.67 150.20 216.00 201.48 280.00 422.18 682.19 1053.92

West ...................................................................... 30.95 67.88 102.49 147.50 200.00 187.29 272.86 409.50 608.89 1015.74

Mountain ............................................................ 38.00 70.11 103.63 147.86 181.10 201.48 279.32 365.47 563.89 902.16

Pacific ................................................................ 30.00 66.23 101.06 147.32 206.90 177.28 270.00 429.98 650.59 1052.93

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $1.42 $1.25 $1.43 $2.88 $8.69 $7.18 $5.14 $6.39 $14.84 $24.91

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.97 1.63 2.15 3.62 11.13 11.05 6.08 9.75 19.32 64.68

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.12 4.54 4.15 4.87 7.27 14.75 11.96 9.48 28.51 55.70

Professional and related .................................... 3.78 3.02 2.60 4.57 7.44 11.90 7.46 14.92 27.85 42.97

Service ................................................................... – 5.16 8.78 11.49 4.44 20.27 16.36 45.17 50.02 38.40

Protective service .............................................. – 7.88 30.52 12.74 15.71 50.05 15.59 106.63 108.66 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.51 3.03 2.21 2.34 9.55 7.96 9.49 5.07 15.31 26.34

Sales and related ............................................... 3.35 5.58 3.45 6.30 8.16 8.03 17.36 9.06 40.44 57.09

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.07 3.85 2.69 3.24 16.90 8.79 10.72 9.22 22.49 24.07

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 8.02 1.84 4.58 5.70 18.24 18.01 15.45 12.87 58.57 43.12

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 12.76 3.29 12.63 17.36 25.29 17.04 30.32 46.48 69.08 42.22

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 9.76 6.42 1.99 9.83 22.23 – 17.61 18.29 44.82 81.81

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.97 3.03 2.57 5.57 16.46 11.03 9.39 11.96 21.39 56.00

Production ......................................................... 3.61 3.49 4.27 6.18 19.79 18.00 15.72 22.36 12.96 30.86

Transportation and material moving .................. 5.33 3.91 4.15 4.28 16.81 14.94 11.23 20.83 56.84 114.46

Full time ................................................................. 1.58 1.22 1.44 2.38 5.78 7.07 4.21 5.93 16.40 24.45

Part time ................................................................ – 6.67 8.93 22.60 3.85 10.47 28.99 38.28 1.16 207.23

Union ..................................................................... 4.36 2.28 4.37 15.19 0.37 18.01 9.83 17.25 62.66 75.19

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.54 1.72 1.60 2.49 6.35 4.40 3.84 5.76 15.33 24.91

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.89 4.21 5.29 7.92 0.00 14.33 18.81 23.78 19.31 25.02

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 7.68 8.23 13.29 4.75 10.13 19.06 33.52 72.10 24.29 108.83

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7.13 3.44 3.26 5.25 13.12 8.51 8.44 15.07 60.38 24.26

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.85 2.04 1.88 2.91 9.45 5.91 5.85 8.28 26.46 36.06

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.33 2.56 2.14 3.94 11.06 10.14 8.44 8.22 21.73 47.49

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.96 3.02 2.74 5.19 23.34 15.65 12.17 12.21 20.82 33.60

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.16 3.57 2.41 4.90 7.56 17.84 8.67 14.37 10.68 31.23

Construction ...................................................... 4.66 7.70 5.91 11.06 22.80 23.50 26.05 48.30 54.38 50.38

Manufacturing .................................................... 3.57 4.23 1.94 3.94 13.22 17.26 12.57 8.89 20.43 78.90

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.78 2.43 1.67 3.11 6.29 4.03 6.04 3.87 15.63 23.97

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.24 2.01 3.55 5.76 1.43 5.42 11.46 5.79 6.08 36.05

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5.42 4.16 4.90 3.36 2.95 19.79 8.95 13.33 46.64 110.71

Retail trade .................................................... 3.32 1.96 4.18 6.56 0.00 15.82 22.96 27.84 33.05 64.90

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.32 2.84 5.96 3.80 26.89 14.43 22.11 13.99 38.98 158.69

Utilities ........................................................... 7.24 10.28 8.89 29.19 11.20 17.01 15.08 10.04 43.32 123.48

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... $4.27 $5.85 $10.10 $9.47 $11.83 $23.99 $9.69 $22.22 $44.53 $24.88

Financial activities ............................................. 2.91 4.02 2.87 3.64 2.58 4.76 12.38 5.82 47.09 63.76

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.77 3.58 2.14 2.80 4.73 2.15 17.60 4.46 6.39 40.36

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.72 3.40 2.23 2.57 6.27 1.97 14.41 3.00 9.03 50.80

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 7.28 7.65 1.91 2.04 9.75 13.04 23.19 7.89 13.70 49.33

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 16.74 5.85 8.56 30.25 75.01 60.15 95.93 99.00 26.43

Professional and business services .................. 0.94 4.23 7.11 5.09 9.92 14.27 23.34 25.72 21.30 24.35

Professional and technical services .............. 8.69 6.71 3.56 4.53 37.91 10.47 26.46 34.22 16.39 167.16

Administrative and waste services ................ 8.68 14.95 2.81 7.83 21.67 21.87 57.63 45.54 181.31 25.89

Education and health services ........................... 7.35 4.41 3.82 4.96 6.36 15.92 8.34 31.63 43.98 24.11

Educational services ...................................... 9.82 3.20 6.07 3.98 21.96 13.43 12.36 21.87 60.62 57.10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.41 4.08 2.33 7.02 10.94 20.14 17.37 15.28 24.57 62.31

Health care and social assistance ................. 8.23 5.65 4.82 7.90 7.01 19.72 11.34 40.60 59.74 25.11

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6.20 5.81 12.62 15.84 9.57 17.11 18.87 46.65 88.85 55.62

Accommodation and food services ................ 12.60 7.53 15.31 36.82 22.19 19.79 39.91 50.15 87.67 65.80

Other services ................................................... – 15.55 8.31 37.93 58.52 21.66 27.01 117.17 90.42 34.22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6.00 2.96 2.12 4.74 7.64 8.19 6.76 19.04 23.66 7.20

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7.42 3.65 2.15 2.81 6.18 10.21 8.55 19.73 35.89 14.17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.37 6.32 4.55 15.00 24.64 13.50 15.66 24.89 50.57 36.05

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.40 1.10 1.67 2.40 7.66 9.64 5.66 2.37 9.46 29.99

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.94 3.24 2.53 3.23 2.62 8.32 7.80 6.84 26.11 39.46

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.78 2.10 2.10 5.31 4.07 12.19 9.92 10.01 15.47 22.50

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.96 3.35 2.63 2.66 11.80 6.26 13.97 16.69 21.43 35.09

New England ..................................................... 5.62 5.01 6.46 15.24 29.31 5.72 17.80 12.40 46.74 76.16

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.65 2.26 3.97 5.64 13.52 6.18 14.98 15.50 30.91 51.77

South ..................................................................... 4.48 3.18 0.99 4.88 14.07 9.45 9.11 17.30 33.55 31.88

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.63 3.83 1.28 6.97 7.25 7.10 7.79 12.70 20.39 35.12

East South Central ............................................ 9.76 11.87 2.60 15.56 22.21 21.06 30.23 6.33 82.80 52.61

West South Central ........................................... 11.91 4.93 3.19 9.11 6.43 14.18 16.83 28.49 62.11 28.42

Midwest ................................................................. 3.35 2.14 3.11 5.26 4.08 15.57 10.49 9.92 51.08 90.76

East North Central ............................................. 3.83 2.98 2.61 5.06 9.15 13.47 13.78 12.09 42.80 82.40

West North Central ............................................ 4.90 4.53 4.31 5.71 27.34 15.06 12.45 23.70 68.51 182.95

West ...................................................................... 4.83 2.70 6.07 3.97 5.31 14.09 13.54 13.87 32.12 45.57

Mountain ............................................................ 4.16 7.61 14.07 13.57 11.52 20.69 25.60 46.63 72.24 105.17

Pacific ................................................................ 1.04 5.45 7.01 3.38 5.92 28.78 17.49 14.31 22.98 58.79

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 55 54 98 40 39 97 33 32 97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 75 75 99 53 53 99 57 56 97

Management, business, and financial ............... 83 83 99 66 65 98 65 63 97

Professional and related .................................... 71 71 99 47 47 100 53 52 98

Service ................................................................... 27 25 94 22 21 93 11 11 97

Protective service .............................................. 50 47 95 31 31 98 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 54 52 98 40 38 96 32 31 97

Sales and related ............................................... 41 40 96 32 29 93 20 19 94

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 61 98 45 44 98 41 40 98

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 54 53 97 36 36 98 25 24 96

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 46 44 97 30 30 100 16 15 97

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 62 61 97 42 41 98 34 32 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 62 60 97 46 44 96 30 29 96

Production ......................................................... 68 66 98 50 49 98 32 32 98

Transportation and material moving .................. 56 54 95 42 40 95 28 26 94

Full time ................................................................. 71 70 98 50 49 98 44 43 97

Part time ................................................................ 12 10 88 15 13 89 5 4 95

Union ..................................................................... 84 80 96 69 66 95 39 38 96

Nonunion ............................................................... 52 51 98 38 37 97 33 32 97

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 21 19 91 17 16 91 7 6 93

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 13 11 83 13 11 91 4 3 87

Second 25 percent ............................................ 57 55 97 40 38 96 29 28 97

Third 25 percent ................................................ 71 70 98 50 50 99 45 44 98

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 82 82 99 61 60 99 62 60 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 85 99 65 65 99 68 67 98

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 70 68 98 52 51 99 37 36 97

Construction ...................................................... 42 40 96 28 27 99 16 15 97

Manufacturing .................................................... 82 80 98 62 61 98 46 44 97

Service-providing industries .................................. 52 51 97 38 37 97 33 32 97

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 54 52 96 40 37 93 24 23 94

Wholesale trade ............................................. 70 69 99 52 51 99 45 43 97

Retail trade .................................................... 40 38 94 31 28 90 11 10 90

Transportation and warehousing ................... 74 70 95 55 52 94 38 35 93

Utilities ........................................................... 96 96 100 44 44 100 82 81 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 88 87 99 80 80 99 74 73 99

Financial activities ............................................. 81 80 99 64 63 99 65 62 97

Finance and insurance .................................. 90 90 100 72 72 99 76 74 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 93 93 100 71 71 99 81 78 97

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 87 86 100 71 71 99 71 70 98

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 51 49 97 36 35 97 29 28 95

Professional and business services .................. 53 52 98 41 40 98 38 37 97

Professional and technical services .............. 67 66 98 52 52 99 53 52 98

Administrative and waste services ................ 31 30 96 23 23 98 16 15 97

Education and health services ........................... 62 62 99 36 35 99 44 43 98

Educational services ...................................... 67 66 98 44 44 100 63 61 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 87 86 98 49 49 99 83 80 96

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 61 99 34 34 99 41 40 98

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 18 17 90 18 17 91 5 5 95

Accommodation and food services ................ 17 15 88 17 15 89 4 3 93

Other services ................................................... 34 32 95 26 26 100 20 19 96

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 39 97 29 28 97 23 22 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 35 34 98 27 26 97 21 20 97

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 54 52 95 35 34 97 29 28 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 74 72 98 54 52 97 46 45 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 67 65 98 48 47 97 38 37 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 84 99 63 62 98 60 58 97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 56 55 98 66 65 99 36 35 97

New England ..................................................... 56 54 98 42 41 97 36 36 98

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 56 55 98 74 73 99 36 35 97

South ..................................................................... 57 55 97 36 35 96 34 32 97

South Atlantic .................................................... 56 55 98 38 37 96 34 33 97

East South Central ............................................ 56 53 96 34 32 94 36 34 95

West South Central ........................................... 60 57 96 33 32 97 32 31 98

Midwest ................................................................. 59 57 98 41 39 97 36 35 97

East North Central ............................................. 58 56 98 43 42 96 36 35 98

West North Central ............................................ 61 59 98 36 35 98 36 35 97

West ...................................................................... 48 47 98 26 25 96 29 28 96

Mountain ............................................................ 50 49 98 30 29 96 31 30 97

Pacific ................................................................ 46 45 98 24 23 97 27 26 96

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2016

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.4 1.4 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.8 0.1 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.6 1.5 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.8 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.2 2.0 2.0 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 4.5 4.3 1.9 5.8 5.6 0.8 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 1.6 0.8 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.5 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.6 0.6 1.8 1.8 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 3.0 1.1 2.6 2.6 0.4 1.6 1.5 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 2.0 0.6 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.9 1.9 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.6 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.8

Production ......................................................... 2.5 2.5 0.6 1.8 1.8 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 2.0 0.7 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.1 0.9 1.6 0.7 0.6 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.6 0.9 1.9 1.8 1.1 2.4 2.4 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.4 0.7 0.6 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.2 3.9 1.2 1.1 2.5 0.8 0.7 6.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.6 1.5 0.4 1.5 1.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.9 0.2 2.2 2.2 0.2 2.0 2.1 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.7

Construction ...................................................... 1.9 1.8 0.9 2.4 2.4 0.4 1.5 1.4 1.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.6 1.5 0.2 1.7 1.7 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 1.8 0.3 2.3 2.1 0.4 2.5 2.3 0.8

Retail trade .................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.2 4.2 1.1 3.8 3.8 1.7 3.7 3.5 1.7

Utilities ........................................................... 2.3 2.3 3 ( ) 5.4 5.4 0.2 6.1 5.6 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 2.2 2.3 0.3 2.8 2.8 0.2 3.5 3.5 0.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.5 0.2 2.1 2.1 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.1 1.8 1.7 0.2 1.4 1.2 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.8 0.9 0.1 2.4 2.4 0.2 1.5 1.4 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.8 1.8 0.2 2.7 2.7 0.5 2.0 1.9 0.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.2 5.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 1.5 3.7 3.7 2.2

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 2.4 0.5 2.4 2.4 0.8 1.9 2.0 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. 3.7 3.8 0.6 3.5 3.4 0.3 3.8 3.8 1.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.0 3.0 0.9 3.5 3.5 1.3 2.1 2.1 1.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 2.5 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.3 2.7 2.6 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 3.0 3.0 0.6 3.9 3.9 0.2 3.3 3.4 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.0 0.7 2.6 2.6 0.2 2.4 2.1 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 2.8 0.2 2.3 2.3 0.4 3.2 3.1 0.6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.1 1.6 3.3 2.3 2.1 2.8 1.1 1.1 4.0

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.2 1.7 4.2 2.4 2.2 3.5 1.2 1.1 6.6

Other services ................................................... 3.2 3.1 1.3 3.2 3.2 0.1 2.8 2.8 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 2.9 1.2 2.0 2.0 0.6 2.1 2.0 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.6 1.7 1.7 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.5 1.7 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.6

New England ..................................................... 2.3 2.5 0.8 3.1 3.1 0.3 3.4 3.3 0.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.7 2.1 0.6 2.1 2.2 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 2.1 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.8 1.8 0.6

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 2.3 2.0 3.3 3.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 3.9

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 3.6 1.1 4.0 3.8 0.3 1.4 1.2 0.7

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.8 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.6 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.7 0.6 1.8 1.8 1.2 2.1 2.1 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 5.0 4.4 0.9 3.0 2.8 0.7 2.3 2.3 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 1.8 0.2 2.3 1.9 2.1 3.0 3.0 1.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.5 0.3 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.0

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 4 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 97

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97

Professional and related .................................... 3 97

Service ................................................................... 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 95

Sales and related ............................................... 9 91

Office and administrative support ...................... 3 97

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4 96

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 4 96

Full time ................................................................. 4 96

Part time ................................................................ 4 96

Union ..................................................................... 1 99

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 95

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 8 92

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 95

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 97

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... 8 92

Service-providing industries .................................. 4 96

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 6 94

Retail trade .................................................... 9 91

Financial activities ............................................. 3 97

Finance and insurance .................................. 3 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 3 97

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3 97

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6 94

Professional and business services .................. 4 96

Professional and technical services .............. 2 98

Education and health services ........................... 2 98

Educational services ...................................... 2 98

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2 98

Health care and social assistance ................. 2 98

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 93

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 92

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4 96

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 96

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 98

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4 96

New England ..................................................... 3 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4 96

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 7 93

West South Central ........................................... 4 96

Midwest ................................................................. 3 97

East North Central ............................................. 4 96

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.5

Service ................................................................... 2.0 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.2 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.8 0.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.1 1.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... 1.3 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 0.9

Retail trade .................................................... 1.2 1.2

Financial activities ............................................. 0.5 0.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.7 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.0 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.3 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.4 2.4

Professional and business services .................. 1.2 1.2

Professional and technical services .............. 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.9 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.8 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.0

New England ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 2.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.9

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.2 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 0.6 0.6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry workers, 

March 2016

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 62 2 34 2 1 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 72 1 25 1 1 ( )

Management, business, and financial ............... 75 2 22 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 70 1 27 1 1 ( )

Service ................................................................... 56 – 42 2 –

Protective service .............................................. 47 – 52 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 64 2 32 1 1

Sales and related ............................................... 60 – 34 2 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 66 2 31 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 41 1 56 2 1 ( )

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 22 – 74 4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 53 1 42 3 1

Transportation and material moving .................. 55 2 40 2 1

Full time ................................................................. 63 2 34 1 1

Part time ................................................................ 55 – 38 5 –

Union ..................................................................... 46 1 45 6 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 2 32 1 1 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 49 1 47 2 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 41 – 54 3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 58 1 39 1 1 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 60 1 36 2 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 71 2 25 2 1 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 76 3 20 1 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... 21 – 76 2 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 65 2 31 1 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 57 2 37 3 1

Retail trade .................................................... 53 3 39 4 1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 60 – 38 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 77 5 19 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 79 1 19 1 () 1

Finance and insurance .................................. 82 2 16 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 84 – 13 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 80 1 18 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 63 – 36 – –

Professional and business services .................. 65 2 33 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 63 – 34 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

Education and health services ........................... 67 – 30 2 –

Educational services ...................................... 63 – 34 1 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 71 – 25 2 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 68 – 30 2 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 52 – 48 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 50 – 50 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 50 – 47 1 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 52 1 ( ) 46 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 47 – 49 2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 2 26 2 1 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 64 3 31 2 1 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 78 1 19 2 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 69 – 26 2 –

New England ..................................................... 71 2 26 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 – 27 3 –

South ..................................................................... 63 2 33 1 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 2 30 1 1 ( )

East South Central ............................................ 55 – 37 – –

West South Central ........................................... 61 1 36 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 58 1 38 3 1 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 57 1 39 2 1

West ...................................................................... 58 2 38 1 1 ( )

Mountain ............................................................ 59 1 39 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 58 – 38 2 –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 0.3 1.6 0.3 0.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 0.4 1.6 0.3 0.1

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 0.3 2.2 0.4 0.1

Service ................................................................... 3.4 – 3.2 0.5 –

Protective service .............................................. 10.1 – 10.2 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 – 2.2 0.4 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.4 1.7 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 0.2 2.0 0.5 0.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 – 3.3 1.4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 0.3 2.0 0.5 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 0.5 2.6 0.7 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 4.1 – 4.1 1.0 –

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 0.2 2.1 0.9 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.2 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.3 0.3 2.3 0.4 0.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.7 – 4.5 1.2 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.3 1.6 0.4 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.2 1.5 0.3 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 0.9 1.9 0.3 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... 3.1 – 3.0 0.6 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.8 0.4 1.9 0.4 0.3

Retail trade .................................................... 2.1 0.5 1.9 0.8 0.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.6 – 5.0 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 3.7 1.7 3.3 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.0 0.7 1.9 0.1 0.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 0.8 1.3 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.2 – 1.6 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 0.5 1.6 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.3 – 6.4 – –

Professional and business services .................. 3.2 1.2 3.0 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 4.7 – 4.7 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

Education and health services ........................... 3.5 – 3.2 0.7 –

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 – 3.0 0.3 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 – 3.0 0.5 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.0 – 3.6 0.8 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 5.5 – 5.5 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.9 – 5.9 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.0 – 2.0 0.2 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 0.1 2.0 0.3 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.6 – 3.6 0.6 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.4 1.8 0.5 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.2 – 1.9 0.6 –

New England ..................................................... 2.9 0.9 3.2 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.8 – 2.4 0.8 –

South ..................................................................... 1.7 0.6 1.6 0.3 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.5 0.4 2.1 0.3 0.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 – 3.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 0.5 3.0 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 0.2 2.4 0.5 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.2 0.2 3.4 0.3 0.3

West ...................................................................... 2.9 0.4 2.9 0.5 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 4.1 0.4 4.1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.9 – 3.8 0.8 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, private industry

workers, March 2016

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 2 ( ) 63 9 24 4 1.4 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 ( ) 60 8 25 6 1.4 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 ( ) 56 8 28 7 1.5 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 2 ( ) 63 8 23 5 1.4 1.0

Service ................................................................... – 75 5 18 – 1.2 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 73 – – – 1.2 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 ( ) 63 9 23 4 1.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 68 10 21 – 1.3 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 2 ( ) 61 9 23 6 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 64 8 25 – 1.3 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 62 – – 2 1.3 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 60 12 25 – 1.4 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 67 13 18 – 1.3 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 2 ( ) 62 9 24 4 1.4 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 75 4 18 – 1.2 1.0

Union ..................................................................... – 71 4 20 – 1.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 ( ) 62 9 24 4 1.4 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 72 6 19 – 1.3 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 66 6 – – 1.3 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 69 9 18 3 1.3 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 58 11 25 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 60 7 28 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 ( ) 58 7 29 5 1.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... – 72 – – – 1.2 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 65 8 22 4 1.3 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 65 12 21 – 1.3 1.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 79 4 16 – 1.2 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 64 11 21 – 1.3 1.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 63 – 27 7 1.4 1.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 63 6 26 – 1.4 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 62 5 27 – 1.4 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 64 6 24 7 1.4 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 60 5 32 – 1.4 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 71 – – – 1.3 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

Professional and business services .................. – 55 9 28 8 1.5 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 49 – 28 13 1.6 –

Education and health services ........................... 1 73 8 15 3 1.2 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 4 56 11 23 6 1.4 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7 48 15 23 7 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 76 7 14 – 1.2 1.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 80 – – – 1.2 1.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 95 – – – 1.0 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 61 9 25 5 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 61 9 26 – 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 61 11 23 – 1.4 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 2 ( ) 64 8 23 4 1.4 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 63 8 24 – 1.4 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 64 9 23 3 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1 59 12 25 3 1.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... – 62 16 20 – 1.3 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1 59 10 27 3 1.4 1.0

South ..................................................................... 2 ( ) 64 7 23 4 1.4 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 65 7 22 5 1.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 65 – 21 – 1.4 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – 64 7 26 – 1.4 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 61 8 26 – 1.4 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 62 9 24 5 1.4 1.0

West ...................................................................... – 64 8 22 – 1.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 70 – 17 – 1.2 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 61 6 24 – 1.4 1.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 ( ) 1.6 0.8 1.4 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.1 2.2 1.3 1.9 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.1 2.1 1.0 1.8 1.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 3.9 1.4 3.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 10.6 – – – 0.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.1 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 3.7 1.9 3.2 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.1 1.6 1.1 1.3 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 3.2 1.7 3.0 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 8.4 – – 0.9 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 1.8 1.5 1.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.9 2.0 2.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 5.1 1.1 4.8 – 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 3.8 1.2 2.7 – 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.1 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 4.3 1.4 3.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 11.2 2.5 – – 0.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.2 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 1.6 0.9 1.5 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.1 2.2 1.3 2.2 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... – 7.1 – – – 0.1 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 1.7 1.4 1.8 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 1.8 0.8 1.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 4.3 2.6 3.4 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 5.9 – 4.8 1.8 0.1 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 1.7 1.0 1.8 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 1.5 1.0 1.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 2.6 1.7 2.0 1.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 3.1 1.6 3.1 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 7.0 – – – 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

Professional and business services .................. – 4.0 2.5 3.0 2.0 2 ( ) 0.1

Professional and technical services .............. – 5.5 – 4.1 3.5 0.1 –

Education and health services ........................... 0.1 2.8 1.2 2.2 1.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 3.3 1.8 2.3 1.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.4 3.7 2.6 3.2 1.6 2 ( ) 0.1

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.3 1.4 2.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 5.8 – – – 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 3.5 – – – 2 ( ) 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.1 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 2.8 1.9 2.0 – 2 ( ) 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 4.2 2.0 3.2 – 2 ( ) 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.8 0.8 1.5 – 2 ( ) 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.1 2.1 1.3 1.8 0.4 2 ( ) 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.1 2.8 1.1 2.9 0.4 2 ( ) 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 5.9 4.4 4.5 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.2 3.8 1.0 3.9 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.1 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.1 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 2 ( ) 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 4.6 – 2.7 – 0.1 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 2.1 2.1 2.4 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 2.2 1.1 1.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.6 1.3 2.4 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 3.0 2.1 2.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 6.0 – 2.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.2 1.9 3.6 – 2 ( ) 0.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 79 $50,000 $75,000 $250,000 $550,000 $1,000,000 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 50,000 100,000 350,000 1,000,000 – 19

Management, business, and financial ............... 81 50,000 100,000 350,000 – 2,000,000 19

Professional and related .................................... 80 50,000 100,000 350,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 20

Service ................................................................... 81 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 83 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 17

Sales and related ............................................... 84 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 16

Office and administrative support ...................... 83 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 17

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 74 50,000 50,000 200,000 – – 26

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 70 50,000 70,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 30

Transportation and material moving .................. 72 50,000 – 100,000 – – 28

Full time ................................................................. 80 50,000 – 250,000 600,000 1,000,000 20

Part time ................................................................ 70 50,000 50,000 – – 750,000 30

Union ..................................................................... 66 50,000 70,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 34

Nonunion ............................................................... 81 50,000 – 250,000 600,000 1,000,000 19

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 23

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 81 50,000 – – 500,000 – 19

Second 25 percent ............................................ 81 50,000 50,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 50,000 95,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 79 50,000 100,000 400,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 79 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 2,000,000 21

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 82 50,000 70,000 250,000 – – 18

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 76 50,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

Retail trade .................................................... 74 50,000 50,000 50,000 500,000 – 26

Transportation and warehousing ................... 74 50,000 – 100,000 300,000 500,000 26

Utilities ........................................................... 65 50,000 – – – 1,000,000 35

Financial activities ............................................. 85 50,000 100,000 300,000 700,000 2,000,000 15

Finance and insurance .................................. 83 50,000 100,000 300,000 – 2,000,000 17

Credit intermediation and related activities 89 50,000 100,000 250,000 700,000 2,000,000 11

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 71 100,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 29

Professional and business services .................. 87 50,000 100,000 – – – 13

Professional and technical services .............. 89 50,000 – 450,000 750,000 1,000,000 11

Education and health services ........................... 82 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 18

Educational services ...................................... 86 50,000 – – 500,000 500,000 14

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 500,000 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 81 50,000 100,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 19

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 86 – – – – 1,000,000 14

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 81 $50,000 $50,000 $175,000 $500,000 $1,000,000 19

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 83 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 76 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

100 workers or more .............................................. 78 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 – 22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 78 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 22

500 workers or more .......................................... 79 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 78 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 22

New England ..................................................... 78 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 22

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 50,000 – 250,000 – 1,000,000 22

South ..................................................................... 81 50,000 – 250,000 – – 19

South Atlantic .................................................... 81 50,000 – 300,000 – 2,000,000 19

East South Central ............................................ 78 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 22

West South Central ........................................... 80 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 20

Midwest ................................................................. 80 50,000 70,000 250,000 500,000 – 20

East North Central ............................................. 82 50,000 – 250,000 – – 18

West ...................................................................... 78 50,000 100,000 220,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 22

Mountain ............................................................ 82 50,000 – 250,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 18

Pacific ................................................................ 76 50,000 – 200,000 – 1,500,000 24

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 $0.00 $17,379.95 $12,705.20 $134,915.02 $108,072.89 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.00 0.00 81,414.80 291,129.70 – 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.00 3,344.77 93,713.33 – 505,049.50 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 0.00 0.00 85,414.24 171,205.29 415,236.98 1.3

Service ................................................................... 3.1 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 3.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.00 668.95 18,320.07 0.00 90,741.39 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 115,091.27 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.00 – 45,326.29 18,920.89 184,539.29 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.0 0.00 0.00 8,974.97 – – 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.1 0.00 6,756.11 – 0.00 0.00 3.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 4.1 0.00 – 9,460.44 – – 4.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.00 – 1,337.91 148,343.56 215,108.11 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 3.7 0.00 5,351.64 – – 93,653.62 3.7

Union ..................................................................... 3.6 0.00 12,389.21 – 38,498.31 247,784.18 3.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.00 – 6,722.91 145,948.62 185,988.57 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 42,308.39 2.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.6 0.00 – – 88,494.35 – 3.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 0.00 0.00 18,246.64 0.00 0.00 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.00 26,336.76 55,593.13 0.00 0.00 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.00 0.00 80,388.73 0.00 401,372.64 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 163,859.70 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.00 18,802.26 31,738.91 – – 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 16,385.97 75,089.95 0.00 1.6

Retail trade .................................................... 2.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 63,814.18 – 2.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6.1 0.00 – 0.00 72,358.48 93,653.62 6.1

Utilities ........................................................... 6.7 0.00 – – – 188,260.46 6.7

Financial activities ............................................. 1.3 0.00 0.00 21,026.89 149,881.62 0.00 1.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.4 0.00 0.00 9,601.30 – 0.00 1.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.2 0.00 0.00 18,802.26 131,938.43 0.00 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.1 24,304.32 – 0.00 0.00 443,734.15 3.1

Professional and business services .................. 2.1 0.00 7,479.14 – – – 2.1

Professional and technical services .............. 3.0 0.00 – 133,120.25 176,988.70 0.00 3.0

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 0.00 22,186.71 70,160.53 0.00 0.00 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 3.3 0.00 – – 112,535.55 32,771.94 3.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 0.00 0.00 42,603.52 6,689.54 82,338.48 3.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.2 0.00 15,645.53 – 126,350.95 0.00 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.9 – – – – 80,274.53 3.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 $0.00 $11,759.15 $48,433.41 $0.00 $0.00 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 0.00 8,192.98 – 0.00 0.00 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.6 0.00 – 53,849.79 0.00 33,447.72 3.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.00 13,528.77 21,851.37 21,154.20 – 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 0.00 – 14,686.56 0.00 147,776.86 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 94,263.25 0.00 96,477.98 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.00 – 39,577.91 30,102.95 0.00 1.5

New England ..................................................... 2.5 0.00 – 6,689.54 0.00 – 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.00 – 47,302.22 – 0.00 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.00 – 37,598.57 – – 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.00 – 38,787.82 – 363,335.24 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 3.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 0.00 26,379.21 74,190.63 0.00 149,582.75 2.9

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 0.00 15,602.56 50,906.51 29,916.55 – 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 0.00 – 68,834.08 – – 2.7

West ...................................................................... 2.6 0.00 22,447.38 48,870.31 235,182.91 348,563.12 2.6

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 0.00 – 63,151.56 0.00 0.00 3.5

Pacific ................................................................ 3.4 0.00 – 54,682.68 – 447,149.86 3.4

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 private industry

workers, March 2016

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $10,000 $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Management, business, and financial ............... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Service ................................................................... 10,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 – 10,000 10,000 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 50,000 50,000

Sales and related ............................................... – 10,000 – 25,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... 10,000 15,000 – 50,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 45,000

Transportation and material moving .................. 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 45,000

Full time ................................................................. 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ 5,000 5,000 – – 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 – 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 – 30,000

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... 10,000 10,000 18,000 – 50,000

Service-providing industries .................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Retail trade .................................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 10,000 – 20,000 40,000 50,000

Utilities ........................................................... 10,000 12,500 – 50,000 50,000

Financial activities ............................................. 15,000 15,000 – 50,000 50,000

Finance and insurance .................................. 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – 20,000 25,000 50,000 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 25,000 50,000 50,000 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 15,000 15,000 – 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Professional and business services .................. $10,000 – – $50,000 $50,000

Professional and technical services .............. – – – 50,000 –

Education and health services ........................... 10,000 – – 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 10,000 – – 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10,000 $10,000 – 50,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. 10,000 – – 50,000 50,000

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 10,000 10,000 $15,000 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 10,000 10,000 15,000 – 20,000

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 27,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... – 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 10,000 20,000 50,000 –

New England ..................................................... – 10,000 20,000 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 –

South ..................................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 10,000 – – 25,000 50,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ – 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $2,637.92 $0.00 $8,527.79 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Service ................................................................... 1,754.85 0.00 1,396.82 2,675.82 7,079.55

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 747.91 – 0.00 12,745.29 0.00

Sales and related ............................................... – 0.00 – 6,520.16 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.00 4,005.91 – 0.00 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.00 2,313.46 0.00 3,707.72 0.00

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 473.02 5,432.96 0.00 9,554.58

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.00 1,948.02 0.00 668.95 8,317.66

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.00 – 0.00 6,524.28 8,924.96

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 – 0.00 7,527.15 0.00

Part time ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 3,708.93 – 299.17

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 668.95 4,915.79

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 668.95 3,664.01 – 6,275.35

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 – 0.00 3,157.58 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,874.62 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,080.07

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1,929.56 668.95 3,208.19 0.00 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... 1,465.61 0.00 5,043.40 – 0.00

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.00 1,935.35 0.00 7,049.14 0.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1,532.77 473.02 668.95 0.00 0.00

Retail trade .................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.00 – 5,945.80 4,230.84 5,138.34

Utilities ........................................................... 0.00 1,379.08 – 0.00 0.00

Financial activities ............................................. 0.00 4,386.63 – 0.00 11,093.35

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.00 668.95 2,838.13 0.00 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – 2,758.17 4,283.40 0.00 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 0.00 0.00 0.00 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 0.00 3,539.77 – 9,854.31

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Professional and business services .................. $0.00 – – $0.00 $0.00

Professional and technical services .............. – – – 0.00 –

Education and health services ........................... 0.00 – – 7,963.65 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 0.00 – – 8,999.86 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 $0.00 – 3,602.43 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 756.84 – – 9,347.19 0.00

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.00 0.00 $0.00 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 5,267.35

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,894.80 0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.00 334.48 668.95 8,061.94 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 0.00 1,769.89 – 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,327.05 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,325.99 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... – 0.00 3,564.97 6,507.80 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 0.00 946.04 0.00 –

New England ..................................................... – 0.00 0.00 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 946.04 0.00 3,957.59 0.00 –

South ..................................................................... 0.00 2,312.49 1,390.40 – 0.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.00 0.00 4,912.15 3,376.73 0.00

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 6,756.11 0.00 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 – – 1,337.91 5,516.34

Midwest ................................................................. 0.00 1,875.46 0.00 4,390.71 0.00

East North Central ............................................. 0.00 3,088.08 0.00 0.00 0.00

West ...................................................................... 0.00 – 668.95 – 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 – 2,411.95 – 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ – 1,465.61 1,892.09 – 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, private industry

workers, March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 43 41 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 41 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 50 39 – –

Professional and related .................................... 44 42 – –

Service ................................................................... – 42 32 –

Protective service .............................................. 36 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 47 37 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 51 33 16 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 38 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 – 15 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 43 44 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 44 45 – –

Production ......................................................... 49 45 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 39 45 – –

Full time ................................................................. 45 42 – –

Part time ................................................................ – 29 45 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 44 40 – –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 33 35 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23 27 50 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40 44 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 43 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 47 39 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 50 38 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 44 46 – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 49 46 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 43 39 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 45 36 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 35 47 18 –

Retail trade .................................................... 54 26 20 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 41 41 – –

Information ......................................................... 66 28 6 –

Financial activities ............................................. 66 27 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 73 23 4 –

Credit intermediation and related activities 76 21 3 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 71 24 5 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 25 50 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

Professional and business services .................. 37 43 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 32 46 – –

Education and health services ........................... 31 52 – –

Educational services ...................................... 40 38 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 59 28 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 26 37 37 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 30 31 39 –

Other services ................................................... 29 42 29 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 32 43 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 33 40 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 30 50 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 50 39 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 46 44 9 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 55 34 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 28 46 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 23 55 –

South ..................................................................... 52 48 – 3 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... 49 51 – –

East South Central ............................................ 53 47 – –

West South Central ........................................... 56 44 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 58 41 – –

East North Central ............................................. 58 41 – –

West ...................................................................... 39 51 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 38 62 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 40 45 – –

1 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data

did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding,

private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.3 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 2.0 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.7 2.1 – –

Professional and related .................................... 2.4 3.1 – –

Service ................................................................... – 4.6 3.2 –

Protective service .............................................. 10.8 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.8 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 2.2 1.5 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 2.2 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.6 – 2.3 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.5 2.6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.6 2.5 – –

Production ......................................................... 3.0 2.8 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 4.0 3.7 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.3 – –

Part time ................................................................ – 3.0 2.4 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 – –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 2.9 3.1 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.1 4.0 6.0 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 2.1 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 2.1 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.4 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 2.1 – –

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.6 2.6 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.5 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.7 1.6 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.9 3.1 1.8 –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.0 2.3 2.0 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6.2 5.5 – –

Information ......................................................... 3.2 3.3 1.6 –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 2.0 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 1.6 0.3 –

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.9 1.7 1.0 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.7 3.0 0.7 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.4 7.5 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding,

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

Professional and business services .................. 4.0 3.8 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 3.9 4.1 – –

Education and health services ........................... 3.3 4.6 – –

Educational services ...................................... 5.3 5.3 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.8 3.2 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6.4 7.1 5.2 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 7.7 7.4 6.5 –

Other services ................................................... 5.1 5.9 4.0 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 2.1 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 2.5 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 3.9 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 1.7 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.4 2.5 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.3 2.0 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 2.6 2.3 –

South ..................................................................... 2.8 2.8 – 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.3 4.3 – –

East South Central ............................................ 8.0 8.0 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 2.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.7 – –

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.1 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.5 2.5 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 4.3 4.3 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.2 2.9 – –

1 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 16 84

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Management, business, and financial ............... 10 90

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Service ................................................................... 35 65

Protective service .............................................. 28 72

Sales and office ..................................................... 17 83

Sales and related ............................................... 20 80

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 84

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 89

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12 88

Production ......................................................... 8 92

Transportation and material moving .................. 17 83

Full time ................................................................. 13 87

Part time ................................................................ 43 57

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 84

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 63

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 48 52

Second 25 percent ............................................ 16 84

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 88

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12 88

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 88

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 11 89

Manufacturing .................................................... 7 93

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 83

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 20 80

Wholesale trade ............................................. 21 79

Retail trade .................................................... 22 78

Transportation and warehousing ................... 17 83

Information ......................................................... 5 95

Financial activities ............................................. 7 93

Finance and insurance .................................. 5 95

Credit intermediation and related activities 3 97

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 6 94

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 24 76

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Professional and business services .................. 18 82

Professional and technical services .............. 17 83

Education and health services ........................... 15 85

Educational services ...................................... 9 91

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6 94

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 42 58

Accommodation and food services ................ 45 55

Other services ................................................... 21 79

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23 77

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 24 76

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 81

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 87

500 workers or more .......................................... 10 90

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 38 62

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 44 56

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 5 95

West South Central ........................................... 4 96

Midwest ................................................................. 6 94

East North Central ............................................. 6 94

West ...................................................................... 10 90

Mountain ............................................................ 4 96

Pacific ................................................................ 13 87

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.5

Service ................................................................... 2.7 2.7

Protective service .............................................. 6.8 6.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.2 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 2.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 2.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.2 4.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 1.1

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.2 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.3 2.3

Retail trade .................................................... 2.1 2.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.2 4.2

Information ......................................................... 1.9 1.9

Financial activities ............................................. 0.8 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.6 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.7 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.2 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.2 5.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Professional and business services .................. 2.3 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.5 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 1.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.2 4.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 6.4 6.4

Other services ................................................... 4.7 4.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.8

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.1 1.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.8 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 0.7 0.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry

workers, March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 6 2 70 22 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 1 70 27 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 – 61 35 –

Professional and related .................................... – 1 76 21 –

Service ................................................................... 6 – 86 5 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 79 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 1 71 25 1

Sales and related ............................................... 3 – 70 24 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2 – 71 26 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 – 58 20 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6 – 60 31 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 14 – 64 18 –

Production ......................................................... 18 – 55 22 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 9 – 76 12 –

Full time ................................................................. 6 2 68 23 1

Part time ................................................................ – 2 89 7 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 1 72 23 1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 2 82 10 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 6 – 86 6 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 1 73 17 2 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6 2 69 21 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 2 64 30 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 2 63 33 2 ( )

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15 – 57 23 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 13 – 57 26 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 2 74 22 2 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 5 3 74 18 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4 2 76 18 –

Retail trade .................................................... 3 – 77 16 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 9 – 71 15 –

Information ......................................................... – – 32 66 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

Financial activities ............................................. – – 53 45 –

Finance and insurance .................................. 2 ( ) – 49 50 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 41 59 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 56 42 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 77 – –

Professional and business services .................. – – 77 22 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 83 16 –

Education and health services ........................... 2 – 90 7 –

Educational services ...................................... 1 – 86 12 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 78 21 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 12 – 81 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ – – 83 – –

Other services ................................................... – – 85 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 76 16 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 2 77 16 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 – 75 15 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 2 66 26 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 – 68 24 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 5 3 63 28 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3 – 82 14 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2 – 85 12 –

South ..................................................................... 6 3 62 28 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 4 65 25 1

East South Central ............................................ – 3 63 26 –

West South Central ........................................... 5 – 58 35 –

Midwest ................................................................. 10 – 64 23 –

East North Central ............................................. 11 – 65 22 –

West ...................................................................... 4 2 70 23 2

Mountain ............................................................ 4 – 75 21 –

Pacific ................................................................ 4 2 67 24 3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 – 2.2 2.2 –

Professional and related .................................... – 0.3 1.5 1.5 –

Service ................................................................... 1.5 – 2.8 1.1 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 9.9 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.2 1.4 1.3 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 – 2.1 2.1 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 – 1.6 1.6 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 – 2.9 2.6 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 – 4.0 3.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 – 2.0 2.2 –

Production ......................................................... 1.5 – 2.9 2.9 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 – 2.3 2.5 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – 0.8 1.2 1.0 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.1 2.4 1.2 0.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.9 – 3.0 1.3 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.4 1.5 1.4 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.4 1.4 1.5 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.4 2.0 2.0 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.7 – 1.8 1.9 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.1 – 2.3 2.1 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.8 0.8 2.3 1.9 –

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 – 1.7 1.2 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.8 – 3.2 4.0 –

Information ......................................................... – – 3.7 3.8 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

Financial activities ............................................. – – 2.4 2.5 –

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.1 – 2.3 2.3 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 3.1 3.1 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 2.9 3.0 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 5.4 – –

Professional and business services .................. – – 3.7 3.7 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 3.2 3.3 –

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 – 1.9 1.5 –

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 – 2.1 1.7 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 1.9 2.0 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.9 – 5.3 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ – – 4.7 – –

Other services ................................................... – – 4.9 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.9 1.4 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 – 2.8 2.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 – 1.9 1.8 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.6 1.9 2.0 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 – 1.9 1.9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 – 2.2 2.2 –

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.7 1.8 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 1.0 2.4 2.9 0.1

East South Central ............................................ – 0.8 5.2 2.7 –

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 – 2.9 2.3 –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 – 1.3 2.0 –

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 – 1.4 2.5 –

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.3 2.2 1.8 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 – 2.8 1.8 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 0.5 3.1 2.7 1.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 94 12 18 26 26 26 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 12 18 26 26 26 5

Professional and related .................................... 93 12 19 26 26 26 7

Service ................................................................... 97 12 – 26 26 26 3

Sales and office ..................................................... 93 12 21 26 26 26 7

Sales and related ............................................... 90 11 – 26 26 26 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 94 12 21 26 26 26 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 92 13 26 26 26 – 8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 89 13 25 26 26 52 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 92 13 24 26 26 26 8

Production ......................................................... 90 13 21 26 26 26 10

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 13 25 26 26 26 6

Full time ................................................................. 93 12 20 26 26 26 7

Part time ................................................................ 96 13 26 26 26 26 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 94 12 21 26 26 26 6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 94 12 21 26 26 26 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 95 13 26 26 26 26 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 95 12 22 26 26 26 5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 12 20 26 26 26 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 12 22 26 26 26 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 12 24 26 26 26 6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 92 12 22 26 26 26 8

Manufacturing .................................................... 92 12 24 26 26 26 8

Service-providing industries .................................. 94 12 21 26 26 26 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 90 13 24 26 26 26 10

Wholesale trade ............................................. 93 12 24 26 26 26 7

Retail trade .................................................... 87 12 21 26 26 26 13

Information ......................................................... 87 13 26 26 26 52 13

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Financial activities ............................................. 94 13 25 26 26 26 6

Finance and insurance .................................. 93 13 25 26 26 26 7

Credit intermediation and related activities 93 12 26 26 26 26 7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 95 13 24 26 26 26 5

Professional and business services .................. 96 12 – 26 26 26 4

Education and health services ........................... 96 12 – 26 26 26 4

Educational services ...................................... 92 12 24 26 26 26 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 87 13 24 26 26 26 13

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 13 26 26 26 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 12 18 26 26 26 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 94 12 18 26 26 26 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 98 12 20 26 26 26 2

100 workers or more .............................................. 92 12 22 26 26 26 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 93 12 18 26 26 26 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 13 25 26 26 26 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 13 26 26 26 26 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 95 25 26 26 26 26 5

South ..................................................................... 92 12 – 26 26 26 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 93 12 – 26 26 26 7

East South Central ............................................ 90 12 20 26 26 26 10

West South Central ........................................... 92 12 – 26 26 26 8

Midwest ................................................................. 93 12 13 26 26 26 7

East North Central ............................................. 92 12 13 26 26 26 8

West ...................................................................... 95 11 13 26 26 26 5

Mountain ............................................................ 95 11 12 – 26 26 5

Pacific ................................................................ 95 12 25 26 26 26 5

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, private industry workers, 

March 2016

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.1 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.2 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 – 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.4 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 0.5 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.8 0.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 1.1 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0

Retail trade .................................................... 1.6 0.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6

Information ......................................................... 2.5 2.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Financial activities ............................................. 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.3 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.5 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

Professional and business services .................. 1.7 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 0.1 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.0 1.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.6 0.7 5.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.2 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.7 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.3 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 0.0 1.4 – 0.0 0.0 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1 23 1 41 22 13 62.1 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 16 – 41 25 17 64.3 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 14 – 38 29 18 65.1 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 17 – 43 23 16 63.8 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 31 – 38 21 8 59.7 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 21 – 45 – – 59.1 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 29 1 39 19 11 60.8 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 37 – 36 15 11 60.0 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 26 1 40 21 11 61.2 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 30 – 35 23 11 60.7 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 19 – 42 24 13 62.8 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3 17 1 ( ) 47 19 14 62.1 60.0

Production ......................................................... – 13 – 48 17 17 62.6 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 20 – 45 21 11 61.7 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 21 1 ( ) 43 21 14 62.4 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 33 – 26 32 6 59.9 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 22 1 41 22 13 62.4 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 35 – 33 24 6 59.3 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 37 – 26 28 6 59.4 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 25 – 44 19 11 60.6 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 21 – 44 20 14 62.2 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 17 1 ( ) 39 26 18 64.6 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 18 – 38 23 20 65.6 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 16 – 42 20 20 63.1 60.0

Manufacturing .................................................... – 13 – 44 18 23 64.1 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 24 1 40 22 12 61.9 60.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 29 – 39 19 12 61.3 60.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 13 – 54 24 8 62.6 60.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 43 – 30 14 10 58.8 60.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 24 – 38 20 16 63.6 60.0

Information ......................................................... – 16 – 60 – – 61.4 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

Financial activities ............................................. – 28 – 33 17 21 63.9 60.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 28 – 30 18 23 64.6 60.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 44 – 28 17 11 59.8 60.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 15 – 36 23 26 66.0 60.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – – 43 – – 60.9 60.0

Professional and business services .................. – 11 – 43 33 12 64.3 60.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 13 – 39 32 15 65.4 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 22 – 47 19 11 61.3 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 31 – 28 19 21 64.7 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 24 – 34 11 30 68.5 60.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 43 – 28 24 – 57.3 60.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 45 – 26 25 – 57.4 60.0

Other services ................................................... – 29 5 20 34 – 61.6 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 22 – 38 27 12 62.5 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 25 – 35 27 12 62.2 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 17 – 44 25 14 63.3 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 2 23 1 ( ) 43 18 14 61.8 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 21 – 43 19 14 61.4 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 25 – 43 18 14 62.4 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 32 – 24 35 7 61.1 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 36 – 22 36 6 60.5 60.0

South ..................................................................... – 20 – 53 12 14 61.8 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 19 – 51 14 15 62.0 60.0

East South Central ............................................ – 22 – 51 – – 61.4 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 19 – 57 10 12 61.6 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 13 – 52 16 19 64.1 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 13 – 52 16 18 63.9 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 19 – 42 18 17 62.5 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 17 – 54 – – 62.7 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 20 – 34 22 17 62.4 60.0

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers,

 March 2016

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.9 0.1 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 1.2 – 2.6 2.2 1.7 0.4 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 1.9 – 3.6 3.9 2.0 0.6 2.3

Professional and related .................................... – 1.4 – 3.4 2.4 2.0 0.6 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 3.2 – 3.7 3.0 2.7 0.6 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 5.1 – 11.1 – – 2.0 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 1.3 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.8 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 1.8 – 2.5 2.2 1.2 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 1.5 0.4 2.4 2.2 1.0 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 3.2 – 3.0 2.7 2.6 0.8 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 3.9 – 4.5 3.8 3.4 1.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 2.2 0.1 2.1 2.1 1.4 0.5 0.0

Production ......................................................... – 3.6 – 3.9 3.3 2.2 0.7 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 2.4 – 3.0 2.5 1.2 0.7 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 1.0 0.1 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.6 – 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.7 – 3.2 3.0 0.7 0.6 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 6.4 – 4.8 4.1 1.4 1.0 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 1.8 – 2.4 1.7 1.4 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 1.5 – 2.0 1.7 1.5 0.3 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 1.1 0.1 2.5 2.4 1.5 0.5 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1.9 – 3.4 2.5 2.5 0.8 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 2.5 – 2.4 2.6 2.2 0.5 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... – 2.8 – 2.8 3.3 2.2 0.5 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 1.0 0.2 1.7 1.7 1.0 0.3 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 1.8 – 1.8 1.3 1.2 0.6 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 2.2 – 4.0 3.3 2.0 0.9 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 2.1 – 2.7 1.6 1.5 0.5 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 5.2 – 5.1 5.0 3.1 1.8 0.0

Information ......................................................... – 2.7 – 5.3 – – 0.9 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers,

 March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

Financial activities ............................................. – 4.3 – 2.4 2.4 2.6 1.2 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 3.0 – 1.9 1.9 2.6 1.1 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 4.5 – 2.7 3.8 2.7 1.2 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 2.3 – 3.9 3.2 3.4 1.0 6.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – – 8.0 – – 2.4 0.0

Professional and business services .................. – 1.5 – 4.0 5.2 2.4 0.8 1.3

Professional and technical services .............. – 2.1 – 4.7 4.7 3.3 1.1 4.1

Education and health services ........................... – 2.1 – 4.2 4.1 2.3 0.6 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 4.3 – 4.4 4.5 4.2 1.2 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.0 – 3.7 1.7 3.2 1.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 6.6 – 6.7 2.8 – 0.8 4.7

Accommodation and food services ................ – 7.8 – 7.3 4.0 – 0.9 7.3

Other services ................................................... – 3.7 2.7 4.4 4.9 – 2.0 1.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 1.9 – 2.5 2.5 1.3 0.5 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 2.4 – 2.6 2.7 1.8 0.6 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 2.2 – 4.1 4.2 2.5 0.8 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 1.4 0.1 1.9 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 2.0 – 2.8 1.9 1.6 0.5 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.2 – 2.4 1.7 2.1 0.6 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.5 – 2.7 3.3 0.7 0.4 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.6 – 3.0 3.5 0.6 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 1.4 – 2.8 2.0 2.2 0.5 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 1.6 – 4.0 3.1 3.3 0.6 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 4.7 – 6.8 – – 2.0 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 2.8 – 4.6 1.6 3.1 0.9 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 2.2 – 1.8 2.0 2.2 0.4 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.9 – 2.1 2.5 2.5 0.5 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 2.8 – 3.0 3.6 2.9 0.8 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 4.7 – 4.5 – – 1.6 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.4 – 4.3 5.0 2.2 0.8 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 73 $170 $275 $604 $1,500 $2,500 27

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 170 524 1,000 1,800 2,500 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 66 170 559 1,000 1,750 2,500 34

Professional and related .................................... 69 170 500 750 1,800 2,500 31

Service ................................................................... 75 170 170 535 615 1,500 25

Sales and office ..................................................... 79 170 200 604 1,385 2,500 21

Sales and related ............................................... 86 170 200 500 1,250 – 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 77 170 200 615 1,385 2,500 23

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 79 170 170 500 1,000 – 21

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 75 170 350 595 1,000 2,300 25

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 72 170 350 528 1,000 1,846 28

Production ......................................................... 69 170 350 604 1,500 2,500 31

Transportation and material moving .................. 76 170 360 500 800 1,500 24

Full time ................................................................. 72 170 300 615 1,500 2,500 28

Part time ................................................................ 86 170 170 500 604 – 14

Nonunion ............................................................... 72 170 300 614 1,500 2,500 28

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 84 170 170 500 615 1,500 16

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 90 170 170 – 604 – 10

Second 25 percent ............................................ 77 170 200 600 1,250 2,309 23

Third 25 percent ................................................ 70 170 350 604 1,500 2,500 30

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 70 170 500 750 1,750 2,500 30

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 67 170 500 1,000 2,000 2,565 33

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 71 170 350 604 1,200 2,308 29

Manufacturing .................................................... 65 200 400 750 1,500 2,500 35

Service-providing industries .................................. 74 170 230 604 1,500 2,500 26

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 81 170 200 500 750 2,300 19

Wholesale trade ............................................. 78 170 500 604 1,000 2,000 22

Retail trade .................................................... 85 170 200 200 615 – 15

Transportation and warehousing ................... 78 170 – 500 604 – 22

Information ......................................................... 78 170 – 2,000 2,500 – 22

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Financial activities ............................................. 58 $170 $614 $1,250 $2,500 $5,000 42

Finance and insurance .................................. 51 – – 1,500 3,000 6,230 49

Credit intermediation and related activities 50 170 – – 3,456 8,077 50

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 57 – 1,000 1,250 2,500 – 43

Professional and business services .................. 78 170 559 – 1,500 2,500 22

Professional and technical services .............. 79 170 559 – 1,500 2,000 21

Education and health services ........................... 66 170 – 615 1,500 2,500 34

Educational services ...................................... 69 170 170 595 – 1,923 31

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 45 170 170 – 1,500 2,000 55

Other services ................................................... 79 170 170 604 1,000 1,480 21

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 78 170 – 604 1,000 2,000 22

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 77 170 170 600 1,000 1,500 23

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 80 170 315 604 1,200 2,500 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 170 300 604 1,500 2,500 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 74 170 300 604 1,500 2,500 26

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 170 385 615 2,300 2,565 34

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 87 170 170 572 615 1,500 13

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 90 170 170 500 604 1,000 10

South ..................................................................... 66 200 500 1,000 1,800 2,500 34

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 200 500 1,000 1,750 2,500 33

East South Central ............................................ 64 200 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 36

West South Central ........................................... 65 – 500 – 2,300 2,500 35

Midwest ................................................................. 61 250 500 – 1,500 2,500 39

East North Central ............................................. 62 250 475 750 1,500 2,500 38

West ...................................................................... 72 200 500 1,000 1,800 2,500 28

Mountain ............................................................ 70 – – – 1,500 2,500 30

Pacific ................................................................ 73 200 500 – 1,965 2,500 27

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 $0.00 $47.19 $2.07 $219.17 $22.30 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.2 0.00 54.35 258.83 307.18 241.42 2.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.2 0.00 26.25 68.86 388.23 62.94 3.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.7 0.00 38.25 216.82 362.46 539.17 2.7

Service ................................................................... 3.4 0.00 17.50 65.66 154.80 321.77 3.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 2.27 208.09 0.00 1.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 77.23 300.81 – 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 0.00 37.32 14.11 206.52 13.38 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 0.00 39.33 0.00 161.94 – 3.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4.3 16.55 68.14 73.22 166.77 541.20 4.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.4 0.00 41.41 72.41 22.34 335.45 2.4

Production ......................................................... 2.8 27.60 47.59 42.59 40.14 295.64 2.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.6 0.00 58.69 0.00 236.16 0.00 3.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 0.00 65.54 12.24 0.00 0.00 1.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.00 0.00 18.04 9.33 – 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 0.00 33.36 13.30 25.68 0.00 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.5 0.00 0.00 44.29 0.00 22.21 2.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 – 12.34 – 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 0.00 3.78 9.71 170.94 200.68 2.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.00 62.72 11.58 103.69 33.11 1.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 0.00 16.94 131.76 345.35 53.91 2.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.9 0.00 48.66 210.16 365.46 751.27 2.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 0.00 47.71 17.84 215.74 209.33 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.4 57.30 61.92 80.02 81.41 63.10 2.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 0.00 62.27 1.69 165.16 0.00 1.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 109.75 411.52 1.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.8 0.00 25.03 12.82 110.53 318.42 2.8

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.78 – 1.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.0 0.00 – 0.00 175.80 – 5.0

Information ......................................................... 4.7 0.00 – 312.13 226.66 – 4.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Financial activities ............................................. 3.0 $0.00 $30.31 $206.35 $72.37 $784.28 3.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.4 – – 182.67 69.11 1,455.79 2.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 4.2 0.00 – – 564.00 0.00 4.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 4.0 – 166.03 312.95 341.10 – 4.0

Professional and business services .................. 3.6 0.00 74.51 – 149.58 13.38 3.6

Professional and technical services .............. 4.3 0.00 42.79 – 0.00 322.56 4.3

Education and health services ........................... 3.1 0.00 – 16.20 321.81 284.79 3.1

Educational services ...................................... 4.8 0.00 0.00 45.38 – 478.42 4.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.5 0.00 0.00 – 73.47 209.99 3.5

Other services ................................................... 4.5 0.00 0.00 9.76 100.34 272.16 4.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 0.00 – 4.76 24.08 523.44 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 0.00 18.56 7.29 0.00 0.00 2.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 0.00 73.77 2.97 235.08 615.12 3.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 0.00 23.28 11.10 231.38 0.00 1.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 0.00 67.19 8.62 31.41 0.00 2.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.5 0.00 115.10 82.12 433.05 337.47 2.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 0.00 0.00 42.73 0.00 230.27 1.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.00 0.00 94.11 1.48 266.79 1.4

South ..................................................................... 3.2 19.64 0.00 0.00 261.66 96.20 3.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.2 49.71 43.99 0.00 262.29 547.54 4.2

East South Central ............................................ 8.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 59.83 38.55 8.1

West South Central ........................................... 6.3 – 0.00 – 518.71 237.76 6.3

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 30.39 31.15 – 13.38 0.00 2.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 31.88 88.86 207.05 135.27 0.00 2.8

West ...................................................................... 4.0 5.05 34.28 0.00 362.34 139.95 4.0

Mountain ............................................................ 5.9 – – – 312.92 240.62 5.9

Pacific ................................................................ 5.4 37.39 38.67 – 234.20 128.16 5.4

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 6 94

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5 95

Management, business, and financial ............... 4 96

Professional and related .................................... 5 95

Service ................................................................... 5 95

Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94

Sales and related ............................................... 7 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 6 94

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10 90

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 12 88

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6 94

Production ......................................................... 6 94

Transportation and material moving .................. 6 94

Full time ................................................................. 6 94

Part time ................................................................ 2 98

Union ..................................................................... 8 92

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 95

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 91

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 5 95

Manufacturing .................................................... 5 95

Service-providing industries .................................. 6 94

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10 90

Wholesale trade ............................................. 8 92

Retail trade .................................................... 9 91

Transportation and warehousing ................... 11 89

Utilities ........................................................... 18 82

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Information ......................................................... 2 98

Financial activities ............................................. 5 95

Finance and insurance .................................. 3 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 2 98

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 4 96

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 19 81

Professional and business services .................. 6 94

Professional and technical services .............. 6 94

Education and health services ........................... 5 95

Educational services ...................................... 8 92

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 11 89

Health care and social assistance ................. 4 96

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 95

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 95

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 94

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 7 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 93

New England ..................................................... 6 94

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 93

South ..................................................................... 6 94

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 93

West South Central ........................................... 6 94

Midwest ................................................................. 6 94

East North Central ............................................. 6 94

West North Central ............................................ 5 95

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7

Service ................................................................... 2.0 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.3 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 0.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.0 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.3 2.3

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 1.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.4 2.4

Utilities ........................................................... 4.1 4.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Information ......................................................... 1.1 1.1

Financial activities ............................................. 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.5 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.6 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.9 0.9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.4 5.4

Professional and business services .................. 2.2 2.2

Professional and technical services .............. 1.9 1.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 1.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 2.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 2.0

New England ..................................................... 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 2.5

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 1.3

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.2 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 94 4 1 1 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 95 5 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 5 – –

Professional and related .................................... 95 4 – –

Service ................................................................... 97 2 – –

Protective service .............................................. 95 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 96 4 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Sales and related ............................................... 91 9 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 97 2 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 – 7 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 4 4 2

Production ......................................................... 88 5 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 94 1 – –

Full time ................................................................. 94 4 1 1 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 89 9 1 –

Union ..................................................................... 85 – 10 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 95 4 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 91 8 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 80 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 3 1 () 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 95 3 2 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 5 1 1 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 7 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 88 7 5 1

Construction ...................................................... 85 – 15 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 89 6 3 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 96 4 1 ( ) 1 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 90 8 1 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 93 4 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 81 18 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 93 4 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 88 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

Information ......................................................... 93 6 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 99 1 1 () –

Finance and insurance .................................. 99 1 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 99 1 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 98 – – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 96 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 96 4 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 97 3 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 98 1 – –

Educational services ...................................... 97 3 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 96 4 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 99 – – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 95 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 92 – – –

Other services ................................................... 99 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 94 5 1 1 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 93 6 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 96 – 1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 94 4 1 1 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 3 1 1 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 93 5 2 1 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 4 – –

New England ..................................................... 97 – 2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 5 – –

South ..................................................................... 95 5 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 96 4 – –

East South Central ............................................ 91 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 95 5 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 91 5 – –

East North Central ............................................. 91 4 – –

West North Central ............................................ 91 6 – –

West ...................................................................... 97 3 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 97 3 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 97 2 – –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 1.1 – –

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 0.7 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.2 – –

Protective service .............................................. 3.7 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.8 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 – 0.9 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.7 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.8

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.8 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 0.7 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.5 0.6 –

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 – 2.1 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.5 1 ( ) 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.9 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 6.5 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.4 0.1 0.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6

Construction ...................................................... 2.1 – 2.1 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 1.5 1.1 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.6 1.4 0.7 0.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.1 1.4 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.7 2.7 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.1 1.6 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 3.8 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

Information ......................................................... 1.6 1.6 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.1 –

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.4 0.4 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.3 0.3 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.0 – – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 0.6 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 1.8 1.8 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 1.3 1.3 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 0.0 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7 – –

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.9 0.7 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 – – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.7 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 8.3 – – –

Other services ................................................... 1.0 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 1.0 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 – 0.5 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 – –

New England ..................................................... 1.2 – 0.8 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.8 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

East South Central ............................................ 4.0 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.0 – –

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.1 – –

West North Central ............................................ 2.8 2.3 – –

West ...................................................................... 0.6 0.6 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 1.1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 0.7 – –

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2016

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 28 61 6 4 1 57.4 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 28 59 7 5 1 ( ) 57.4 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 27 62 6 4 1 ( ) 57.4 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 29 57 8 5 1 57.5 60.0

Service ................................................................... 31 63 – 2 – 57.0 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 24 65 – – – 57.5 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 30 61 4 4 1 57.1 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... 21 68 5 – – 58.1 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 33 59 4 4 1 ( ) 56.8 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 22 66 8 – – 58.5 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 23 70 4 – – 57.8 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 25 65 6 – – 57.7 60.0

Production ......................................................... 26 63 6 – – 57.6 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 25 67 – 3 – 57.8 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 28 61 6 4 1 57.4 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 24 67 – 5 – 58.0 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 33 59 7 1 1 57.3 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 28 61 6 5 1 ( ) 57.4 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 70 – 3 – 57.6 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 65 – – – 56.4 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 30 62 4 3 1 56.9 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 27 62 6 4 1 ( ) 57.6 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 28 59 7 5 1 57.6 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 27 59 8 5 1 57.8 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 23 58 12 – – 58.5 60.0

Construction ...................................................... – 68 14 – – 60.3 60.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 24 57 12 – – 58.3 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 29 62 5 4 1 ( ) 57.2 60.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 23 69 5 3 1 ( ) 57.8 60.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 20 75 – 2 – 57.6 60.0

Retail trade .................................................... 14 77 7 – – 58.8 60.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 32 64 – – – 57.2 60.0

Utilities ........................................................... 36 32 22 – – 58.5 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

Information ......................................................... 31 61 2 5 1 56.6 60.0

Financial activities ............................................. 37 53 6 4 1 ( ) 56.8 60.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 40 49 6 5 1 ( ) 56.5 60.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 42 46 – 6 – 56.4 60.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 36 53 8 – – 56.7 60.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 82 – – – 59.5 60.0

Professional and business services .................. 27 62 6 – – 57.2 60.0

Professional and technical services .............. 29 56 – 8 – 56.7 60.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 28 62 – – – 57.6 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 31 61 4 3 1 56.9 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 4 72 10 11 2 61.0 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4 77 8 7 3 60.7 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 38 58 – – – 55.9 60.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 62 – – – 56.4 60.0

Other services ................................................... – 76 – – – 60.3 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 22 66 7 4 1 ( ) 58.2 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 21 67 7 – – 58.3 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 24 62 – 4 – 58.0 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 32 58 5 4 1 56.9 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 25 64 5 5 1 57.7 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 38 53 5 4 1 ( ) 56.1 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 27 66 3 4 1 ( ) 57.5 60.0

New England ..................................................... 27 62 6 – – 57.5 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 26 67 – 4 – 57.6 60.0

South ..................................................................... 31 62 4 3 1 ( ) 56.7 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 32 59 4 4 1 56.6 60.0

East South Central ............................................ 25 68 4 3 – 57.1 60.0

West South Central ........................................... 31 63 4 – – 56.7 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 23 65 6 5 1 58.2 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 23 65 7 4 1 57.9 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 22 64 – 7 – 58.6 60.0

West ...................................................................... 32 51 12 5 1 57.6 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 31 55 – 3 – 57.8 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ 32 48 12 – – 57.5 60.0

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 2.0 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.5 2.6 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 2.2 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Service ................................................................... 6.4 6.5 – 0.5 – 0.7 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 6.7 8.4 – – – 1.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.4 3.2 1.8 – – 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.9 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.1 3.2 1.8 – – 0.7 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.0 3.2 1.0 – – 0.4 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 2.5 1.6 – – 0.3 0.0

Production ......................................................... 3.3 3.4 1.6 – – 0.4 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.7 3.2 – 1.2 – 0.4 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 4.4 5.2 – 1.6 – 0.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 3.7 3.2 2.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.7 4.8 – 0.8 – 0.6 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 14.3 – – – 1.5 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 2.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.9 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.7 1.6 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.1 2.0 2.2 – – 0.4 0.0

Construction ...................................................... – 4.8 3.7 – – 1.6 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.1 2.3 2.4 – – 0.3 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.8 2.4 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.6 4.5 – 1.1 – 0.6 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... 3.0 4.1 2.4 – – 0.5 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.4 6.2 – – – 0.5 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... 3.8 2.5 3.0 – – 0.8 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

Information ......................................................... 3.4 3.4 0.9 2.4 0.3 0.5 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 2.0 2.1 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.8 1.8 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.3 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.9 3.1 – 1.5 – 0.3 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.0 1.9 2.0 – – 0.4 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 3.9 – – – 0.5 0.0

Professional and business services .................. 3.5 4.2 2.6 – – 0.5 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. 4.7 4.8 – 2.0 – 0.8 0.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 6.2 7.7 – – – 0.9 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 3.6 3.4 1.6 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 2.7 2.2 2.7 0.5 0.2 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 2.3 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.3 4.1 – – – 0.6 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 13.1 – – – 1.3 2.7

Other services ................................................... – 6.7 – – – 0.7 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.0 2.1 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.2 2.6 1.4 – – 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.6 4.0 – 1.0 – 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.6 2.9 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.6 2.5 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.1 3.2 0.7 1.2 0.1 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... 4.7 5.0 2.2 – – 0.7 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.7 3.8 – 1.5 – 0.5 0.0

South ..................................................................... 2.3 2.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 2.6 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 5.4 4.4 1.2 1.3 – 1.0 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 5.6 5.3 1.1 – – 0.7 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.9 2.0 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 2.0 2.7 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 4.4 – 1.1 – 0.2 0.0

West ...................................................................... 2.7 3.0 2.7 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 5.4 5.1 – 1.3 – 1.0 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 3.0 3.5 2.8 – – 0.6 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 90 – $5,000 $8,000 $12,000 $15,000 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 $4,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 – 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 91 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Professional and related .................................... 91 3,500 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 9

Service ................................................................... 93 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 91 – 5,000 9,000 12,500 20,000 9

Sales and related ............................................... 91 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Office and administrative support ...................... 91 3,000 5,000 8,333 12,500 20,000 9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 3,500 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 12

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 88 3,500 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 12

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 82 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 18

Production ......................................................... 88 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 12

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 – – 7,000 10,000 12,500 23

Full time ................................................................. 89 – 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 11

Part time ................................................................ 91 4,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 9

Union ..................................................................... 79 – – 6,000 10,000 12,500 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 91 4,000 5,000 8,500 12,000 15,000 9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 95 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 91 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 88 – 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 12

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 89 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 17,333 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 87 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 13

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 91 – 5,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 9

Manufacturing .................................................... 90 – 5,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 10

Service-providing industries .................................. 89 – 5,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 11

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 84 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 16

Wholesale trade ............................................. 87 5,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 13

Transportation and warehousing ................... 80 – – 7,500 10,000 12,500 20

Utilities ........................................................... 66 – – 12,000 15,000 15,000 34

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... 94 $4,000 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 6

Financial activities ............................................. 89 – 7,000 10,000 20,833 30,000 11

Finance and insurance .................................. 88 2,500 8,000 12,000 20,833 30,000 12

Credit intermediation and related activities 94 2,500 6,000 12,000 20,833 30,000 6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 78 5,000 9,500 – 17,333 30,000 22

Professional and business services .................. 85 – 5,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 15

Professional and technical services .............. 91 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 9

Administrative and waste services ................ 72 – – – 15,000 20,833 28

Education and health services ........................... 94 4,000 5,000 – 10,000 15,000 6

Educational services ...................................... 93 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 20,000 7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 5,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 20,000 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 94 4,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 6

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 5,000 – – 10,000 12,000 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 91 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 89 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 – 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 94 5,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 6

100 workers or more .............................................. 89 3,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 15,000 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 89 – 5,000 8,000 10,500 15,000 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 88 3,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 12

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 17,333 8

New England ..................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 7,500 11,000 15,000 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 92 3,000 5,000 8,000 12,000 17,333 8

South ..................................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 10,000 10,900 15,000 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 15,000 10

East South Central ............................................ 88 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 12

West South Central ........................................... 92 4,000 5,000 10,000 10,625 – 8

Midwest ................................................................. 86 3,000 5,000 7,000 – 15,000 14

East North Central ............................................. 84 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 16

West North Central ............................................ 90 – 5,000 8,000 12,500 16,000 10

West ...................................................................... 90 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Mountain ............................................................ 92 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

Pacific ................................................................ 89 4,000 6,000 10,000 12,500 – 11

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 – $0.00 $246.50 $467.00 $0.00 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 $68.22 307.79 485.70 2,029.04 – 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 722.26 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 790.46 0.00 273.98 1,127.51 0.00 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.8 423.08 0.00 458.61 0.00 1,172.10 1.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 – 0.00 1,234.93 1,268.05 0.00 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 0.00 267.58 200.69 3,008.58 1,891.31 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 241.03 0.00 1,080.88 698.55 0.00 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 620.29 0.00 547.56 707.95 0.00 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 757.37 225.47 1,454.88 0.00 348.34 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 10.81 0.00 473.02 0.00 513.83 2.2

Production ......................................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 711.11 458.61 0.00 2.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.4 – – 808.30 0.00 2,489.55 3.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 – 0.00 525.84 302.13 0.00 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 1,022.21 0.00 1,089.80 2,922.04 231.73 2.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.9 – – 1,117.78 0.00 2,915.90 2.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 181.11 0.00 1,393.41 476.56 801.49 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 953.11 0.00 1,238.52 0.00 2,059.68 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 183.19 0.00 671.54 1,243.59 0.00 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 – 0.00 262.89 72.45 0.00 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 310.86 1,028.84 0.00 579.33 2,986.96 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 133.79 756.84 0.00 0.00 1,501.89 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 – 0.00 491.58 965.03 0.00 1.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.7 – 0.00 231.73 634.63 0.00 1.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 – 0.00 141.01 1,185.47 531.40 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 – 0.00 620.36 0.00 0.00 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 610.36 0.00 1,341.25 0.00 0.00 1.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.1 – – 704.79 1,189.16 3,678.64 3.1

Utilities ........................................................... 5.3 – – 2,654.83 0.00 0.00 5.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... 2.2 $0.00 $1,383.94 $0.00 $0.00 $3,224.19 2.2

Financial activities ............................................. 1.1 – 1,342.86 671.93 1,051.40 0.00 1.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.0 379.93 674.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.3 0.00 360.24 151.66 0.00 0.00 1.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.1 0.00 1,630.38 – 3,349.73 0.00 2.1

Professional and business services .................. 2.5 – 1,396.82 0.00 0.00 546.31 2.5

Professional and technical services .............. 3.0 618.20 133.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 6.6 – – – 3,522.03 5,401.09 6.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 924.36 0.00 – 0.00 1,557.39 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 – 0.00 353.98 359.00 637.30 1.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 992.22 378.42 835.52 1,552.67 4,335.32 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 904.20 0.00 1,270.05 0.00 3,249.08 1.8

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.0 0.00 – – 0.00 2,767.89 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 66.90 0.00 115.87 66.90 0.00 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 557.41 0.00 821.37 0.00 – 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 590.34 946.04 528.12 1,212.45 0.00 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 92.05 0.00 824.65 405.53 531.45 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 – 0.00 448.75 1,415.51 0.00 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 41.63 641.64 0.00 1,121.37 919.66 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 17.66 0.00 505.05 1,089.26 3,092.21 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.2 450.58 0.00 250.30 1,619.60 688.73 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 13.96 0.00 294.97 886.21 3,684.65 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.3 13.38 0.00 2,191.27 1,345.68 0.00 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 69.52 1,262.18 989.96 2,838.30 0.00 2.2

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 18.20 0.00 1,116.20 0.00 0.00 2.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 613.11 0.00 2,455.16 1,098.95 – 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 169.30 0.00 654.75 – 0.00 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 4.42 0.00 411.17 435.03 0.00 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 – 136.60 1,215.07 3,394.57 2,255.21 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.5 133.79 0.00 0.00 3,730.85 4,321.10 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 353.98 0.00 0.00 3,088.08 2,868.39 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 94.60 378.42 559.69 3,342.52 – 2.1

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 77 64 76 40 56 57 29 13 87

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 89 82 88 58 76 79 45 24 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 97 89 97 61 81 83 48 28 93

Professional and related .................................... 85 78 83 56 73 76 43 22 93

Service ................................................................... 50 42 52 22 30 33 11 7 79

Protective service .............................................. 64 47 58 28 30 34 15 5 82

Sales and office ..................................................... 81 69 79 43 57 58 29 13 88

Sales and related ............................................... 73 60 72 36 46 48 24 8 85

Office and administrative support ...................... 86 75 85 48 64 64 33 16 89

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 79 56 77 29 46 48 21 8 83

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 66 42 63 17 29 34 12 7 80

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 91 69 90 40 60 61 29 9 87

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 83 59 81 33 60 59 29 6 88

Production ......................................................... 89 57 87 33 64 63 31 8 89

Transportation and material moving .................. 76 61 75 32 57 55 28 5 87

Full time ................................................................. 90 76 91 48 67 69 35 16 90

Part time ................................................................ 40 30 36 18 24 26 11 5 79

Union ..................................................................... 89 76 88 51 75 77 39 11 91

Nonunion ............................................................... 76 63 75 39 54 55 28 13 86

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 52 39 50 19 28 30 11 6 80

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 40 27 41 11 20 22 8 4 76

Second 25 percent ............................................ 82 65 81 41 58 59 26 11 87

Third 25 percent ................................................ 89 75 88 47 67 69 35 14 90

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 84 91 58 78 80 48 24 92

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 87 92 60 79 83 53 24 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 89 63 87 35 61 62 32 9 88

Construction ...................................................... 71 47 68 18 32 35 10 5 78

Manufacturing .................................................... 97 70 96 42 75 75 42 10 92

Service-providing industries .................................. 74 64 74 41 55 56 28 14 87

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 81 66 79 38 57 57 29 7 89

Wholesale trade ............................................. 92 77 89 40 68 69 28 10 87

Retail trade .................................................... 74 58 73 34 48 47 23 7 87

Transportation and warehousing ................... 87 74 87 43 71 71 44 6 93

Utilities ........................................................... 100 92 98 61 88 87 58 10 96

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

Information ......................................................... 97 92 96 81 92 92 53 33 97

Financial activities ............................................. 94 89 94 61 82 86 54 31 93

Finance and insurance .................................. 97 91 97 68 90 92 65 37 96

Credit intermediation and related activities 98 93 98 63 91 93 69 34 97

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 97 87 96 76 87 90 60 39 95

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 83 81 85 39 59 66 17 10 83

Professional and business services .................. 78 64 75 38 52 54 29 16 82

Professional and technical services .............. 91 80 90 48 67 72 42 27 86

Administrative and waste services ................ 61 42 55 21 28 29 11 6 74

Education and health services ........................... 83 73 79 56 68 70 32 19 93

Educational services ...................................... 65 75 56 48 73 72 41 20 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 81 83 73 50 88 90 58 21 95

Health care and social assistance ................. 86 73 83 57 67 70 30 18 93

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 36 34 41 12 17 23 8 6 77

Accommodation and food services ................ 33 31 41 11 16 22 6 5 77

Other services ................................................... 64 57 68 30 40 37 15 8 79

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 69 55 68 28 42 45 18 9 81

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 68 53 67 26 39 42 17 9 79

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 73 60 72 34 53 53 23 10 87

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 75 85 54 72 73 41 18 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 85 72 83 48 66 66 35 14 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 89 80 89 62 82 83 51 23 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 76 67 76 49 62 70 33 17 85

New England ..................................................... 73 65 73 41 61 71 35 13 89

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 68 77 52 62 69 33 18 84

South ..................................................................... 79 62 78 39 58 60 31 12 85

South Atlantic .................................................... 79 61 78 41 61 60 32 12 88

East South Central ............................................ 79 62 81 33 54 59 28 9 83

West South Central ........................................... 79 63 78 39 56 60 32 14 82

Midwest ................................................................. 76 60 77 36 57 56 26 11 89

East North Central ............................................. 76 60 77 36 57 55 26 12 88

West North Central ............................................ 75 60 76 37 57 57 28 10 91

West ...................................................................... 74 68 71 36 46 45 24 13 88

Mountain ............................................................ 73 58 71 41 47 51 27 14 86

Pacific ................................................................ 75 73 71 34 45 42 23 13 88

1 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 0.9 0.4 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.2 0.9

Service ................................................................... 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 6.8 6.7 7.4 7.1 6.9 5.2 3.6 1.5 3.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.7 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 2.5 3.1 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.1 1.3 2.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 2.3 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.1 1.4 1.2 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.6 0.9

Production ......................................................... 1.3 2.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.7 0.7 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.2 2.5 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.6 0.8 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.6 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 1.5 1.7 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.2 0.7 1.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.6 2.3 1.5 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.7

Construction ...................................................... 2.1 2.3 2.6 1.4 2.0 2.4 1.3 1.0 1.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.6 2.1 0.6 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.0 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.8 2.4 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.6 1.1 1.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.3 4.0 3.2 2.5 3.5 3.2 3.8 1.4 2.0

Utilities ........................................................... 0.3 3.2 1.2 5.8 3.3 3.6 5.0 2.3 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

Information ......................................................... 0.9 1.8 1.3 2.7 1.9 2.2 2.8 3.5 0.9

Financial activities ............................................. 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.4 0.9 0.3 1.4 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.4 1.3 0.3 2.3 1.1 1.0 1.9 2.2 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.9 1.8 0.8 1.8 2.0 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.9 2.9 2.7 4.0 4.2 3.6 3.9 2.7 4.1

Professional and business services .................. 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.8

Professional and technical services .............. 1.9 2.5 2.3 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.0 3.4 4.1 2.5 1.9 1.7 2.3 1.4 2.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 2.5 1.8 2.6 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 2.6 3.1 2.1 4.1 4.2 3.4 1.9 2.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.7 3.1 2.0 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 2.8 1.9 2.9 2.1 1.8 2.5 1.7 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.6 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.4 2.9

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.1 2.8 3.0 1.9 2.4 2.7 1.7 1.4 3.1

Other services ................................................... 3.2 3.9 2.6 3.3 3.7 2.8 2.6 2.1 4.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.6 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.6 1.4 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.4 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.3

New England ..................................................... 1.3 3.0 1.9 3.2 3.1 2.2 2.6 1.3 3.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.0 1.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 2.3 1.4 2.0 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 4.8 3.9 3.1 1.8 6.5 5.9 5.3 1.9 4.3

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 2.6 3.3 2.4 1.9 2.5 1.1 0.9 2.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.8 0.8 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 4.5 5.7 4.8 3.1 2.9 3.4 2.3 1.9 1.5

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 1.7 1.3 3.7 1.3 1.8 1.2 3.2 3.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.6 2.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 8 3 24 15 14 10 12 6 4 2 1 2 8 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 18 15 15 13 15 8 7 2 1 2 9 8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 1 17 11 16 14 20 8 7 2 1 2 9 9

Professional and related .................................... 2 1 19 18 14 13 12 8 7 2 1 2 9 8

Service ................................................................... 14 8 33 20 10 6 4 2 1 1 1 () 1 6 6

Protective service .............................................. – – 28 – – – 3 – – – – 1 7 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 3 25 14 13 9 13 4 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

Sales and related ............................................... 28 5 29 11 9 7 5 3 1 – – – 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 6 2 23 16 15 10 18 5 3 1 1 1 8 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6 6 33 18 11 8 10 4 2 1 1 1 7 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 8 7 35 16 14 9 5 2 – – – 1 7 6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4 5 31 19 10 7 13 6 3 1 1 1 8 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 24 12 16 11 13 8 3 2 1 () 3 8 8

Production ......................................................... 3 2 21 10 12 14 16 11 5 – – 3 9 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 8 4 27 15 21 7 8 5 2 – – 2 8 7

Full time ................................................................. 5 3 23 15 14 11 13 7 4 2 1 2 8 8

Part time ................................................................ 27 5 32 16 9 3 5 1 1 1 – – 6 6

Union ..................................................................... – 2 21 12 17 10 12 10 7 2 – 4 9 8

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 3 25 16 13 10 12 5 3 1 1 () 1 8 7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 22 7 34 15 9 5 4 1 1 () – – 1 () 6 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 7 33 15 10 3 3 1 – – – – 6 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 4 28 17 13 9 11 5 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 2 22 15 15 11 16 7 4 1 1 2 8 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 1 16 13 16 14 15 8 8 3 1 2 9 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 1 14 12 16 15 16 8 11 3 1 2 9 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3 3 19 12 12 14 16 8 8 2 1 2 9 9

Construction ...................................................... 7 8 38 19 13 10 4 1 – – – – 7 6

Manufacturing .................................................... 2 1 12 9 12 16 21 11 10 3 1 3 9 9

Service-providing industries .................................. 9 3 26 16 14 9 11 5 3 1 1 1 8 7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 18 5 31 13 13 6 7 4 1 1 1 () 1 7 6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3 2 27 15 15 12 14 7 2 – – 2 8 8

Retail trade .................................................... 34 8 37 11 5 2 1 1 1 () – – – 5 6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2 5 24 14 29 4 10 7 – – – – 8 8

Utilities ........................................................... – – – – – 28 15 21 – – – – 10 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

Information ......................................................... – – 16 32 12 15 14 7 – – – – 8 8

Financial activities ............................................. 1 – 11 10 17 17 36 6 2 1 – – 9 9

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 6 6 17 18 43 6 2 1 – – 9 10

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 5 4 14 7 62 5 1 – – – 9 10

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 9 11 22 24 23 7 3 – – – 9 9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5 – 28 23 16 12 – 5 – – – – 7 7

Professional and business services .................. 6 2 23 13 18 13 11 8 5 1 – – 8 8

Professional and technical services .............. 5 – 12 13 24 13 14 7 6 – – – 8 8

Administrative and waste services ................ 9 4 35 12 12 11 9 7 – – – – 7 7

Education and health services ........................... 3 4 31 21 10 8 7 5 5 2 2 3 8 7

Educational services ...................................... – 2 – 5 7 10 13 13 11 9 7 19 12 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 2 – 4 7 7 12 12 15 14 8 17 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 3 – 35 23 10 7 6 3 4 1 – 1 7 7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 18 6 28 26 13 4 – 3 – – – – 6 6

Accommodation and food services ................ 19 6 24 32 14 4 – – – – – – 6 7

Other services ................................................... 10 3 19 13 16 4 18 – 2 7 – – 8 8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 4 28 16 12 9 10 5 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 11 5 28 17 11 8 11 5 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10 3 29 15 15 12 9 3 2 – – 1 () 7 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 2 20 14 15 11 14 7 5 2 1 2 8 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 3 23 14 15 10 13 6 4 2 – – 8 8

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 17 15 16 12 16 9 6 2 1 3 9 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 3 19 16 12 10 15 8 6 2 1 2 8 8

New England ..................................................... 8 2 14 15 11 10 17 – 5 2 – 2 8 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6 3 20 16 12 9 14 7 7 2 1 () 2 8 8

South ..................................................................... 11 4 24 15 13 12 11 5 3 1 1 1 7 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 3 25 14 13 11 12 4 3 1 – – 7 7

East South Central ............................................ 10 4 23 – 10 – 14 7 4 – – 2 8 8

West South Central ........................................... 10 5 23 18 14 13 8 5 2 1 ( ) 1 () 1 7 7

Midwest ................................................................. 5 2 28 16 15 9 13 5 3 2 1 () 3 8 7

East North Central ............................................. 6 – 26 17 15 8 14 5 3 2 – 3 8 7

West North Central ............................................ 4 – 33 13 15 9 11 6 3 2 – 2 8 7

West ...................................................................... 7 5 25 14 14 10 11 6 4 – – 1 8 7

Mountain ............................................................ 8 3 30 14 16 9 11 5 4 – – – 7 7

Pacific ................................................................ 7 5 23 14 13 11 11 7 4 – – 1 8 8

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 ( ) 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 0.2 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.2 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

Service ................................................................... 2.4 2.6 3.1 2.7 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 1 ( ) 0.4 0.1 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – – 8.0 – – – 1.6 – – – – 0.4 0.4 0.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 0.8 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 – – – 0.1 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 1.2 2.0 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.6 2.7 3.8 2.8 1.7 1.4 1.1 0.7 – – – 0.4 0.1 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 0.8 2.2 2.4 1.4 0.9 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.8 0.5 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Production ......................................................... 1.1 0.6 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 – – 0.5 0.1 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.0 0.8 2.0 1.7 1.8 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.4 – – 0.9 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.9 2.1 2.5 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 – – 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 0.7 1.9 1.4 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.2 1.4 0.6 – 0.7 0.1 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 1 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.0 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 – – 0.1 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.9 1.6 3.4 3.3 2.1 1.2 1.0 0.4 – – – – 0.2 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.2 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 2.0 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.4

Construction ...................................................... 1.3 2.4 2.7 2.2 1.2 1.6 0.8 0.4 – – – – 0.1 0.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.6 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.9 0.9 2.0 2.1 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.3 0.5 – – 0.7 0.1 0.3

Retail trade .................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 – – – 0.1 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.8 1.6 3.5 2.8 3.1 1.6 2.1 1.8 – – – – 0.2 0.1

Utilities ........................................................... – – – – – 3.6 3.0 2.8 – – – – 0.2 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

Information ......................................................... – – 2.5 2.9 1.4 2.5 2.4 1.5 – – – – 0.1 1.2

Financial activities ............................................. 0.4 – 1.5 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 – – 1 ( ) 0.2

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 0.9 0.5 1.8 1.1 2.3 1.1 0.5 – – – 0.1 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 1.3 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.7 1.0 – – – 0.1 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.8 – 6.4 6.6 3.5 2.9 – 1.7 – – – – 0.2 0.3

Professional and business services .................. 1.4 0.8 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.7 – – 0.1 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. 2.3 – 2.7 2.7 3.1 1.7 2.3 1.2 2.3 – – – 0.2 1 ( )

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.1 1.8 2.8 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.3 2.0 – – – – 0.2 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 1.8 2.2 3.1 1.5 1.9 1.1 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 0.8 – 1.5 1.1 3.1 2.8 2.3 1.2 2.0 1.4 3.0 0.2 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 0.9 – 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 2.5 1.4 3.3 2.0 2.2 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 – 2.4 3.6 1.7 2.0 1.2 0.9 1.5 0.5 – 0.4 0.1 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.5 2.6 6.4 5.3 2.7 1.5 – 0.8 – – – – 0.2 1.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.4 3.0 6.8 6.4 3.3 1.8 – – – – – – 0.2 1.4

Other services ................................................... 2.1 1.2 2.4 2.1 3.4 1.1 4.0 – 0.9 2.6 – – 0.3 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.7 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.1 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.0 – – 0.2 0.1 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.5 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... 1.7 1.1 3.2 3.8 1.0 1.9 2.3 – 1.7 0.9 – 0.9 0.2 1.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.5 1.4 0.6 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 0.7 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.9 1.4 2.1 – 1.8 – 2.4 1.9 1.6 – – 0.6 0.4 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.3 2.8 2.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.6 – 1.9 2.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.5 – 0.6 0.1 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 0.7 – 2.7 1.1 1.8 0.9 1.0 1.7 0.9 0.7 – 0.7 0.1 0.1

West ...................................................................... 0.6 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.1 – – 0.4 0.1 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 0.8 0.6 5.1 3.6 3.1 2.4 0.8 1.2 1.8 – – – 0.1 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 2.1 2.0 2.4 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.4 – – 0.6 0.2 1.1

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, private industry workers, 

March 2016

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 70 4 25

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 64 7 28

Management, business, and financial ............... 64 9 27

Professional and related .................................... 64 6 29

Service ................................................................... 71 1 28

Sales and office ..................................................... 69 4 27

Sales and related ............................................... 67 4 29

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 4 26

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 78 5 17

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 78 6 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 82 2 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 85 1 13

Full time ................................................................. 70 5 26

Union ..................................................................... 85 2 13

Nonunion ............................................................... 68 5 27

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 2 27

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 2 26

Third 25 percent ................................................ 73 4 23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 66 8 26

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 64 11 26

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... 77 4 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 4 26

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 74 3 22

Wholesale trade ............................................. 81 6 13

Retail trade .................................................... 67 3 31

Transportation and warehousing ................... 85 1 14

Utilities ........................................................... 82 2 16

Information ......................................................... 73 11 17

Financial activities ............................................. 63 6 31

Finance and insurance .................................. 63 5 32

Credit intermediation and related activities 72 2 26

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 49 6 45

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 66 – –

Professional and business services .................. 68 8 23

Professional and technical services .............. 64 8 29

Education and health services ........................... 66 1 33

Educational services ...................................... 85 5 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 84 8 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 75 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 74 – –

Other services ................................................... 74 6 20

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 74 5 20

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 7 20

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 2 22

100 workers or more .............................................. 67 3 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 2 28

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 5 32

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 74 5 21

New England ..................................................... 67 5 28

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 76 5 19

South ..................................................................... 69 5 26

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 6 26

East South Central ............................................ 73 6 21

West South Central ........................................... 68 3 28

Midwest ................................................................. 70 3 27

East North Central ............................................. 71 3 26

West ...................................................................... 69 4 27

Mountain ............................................................ 55 5 40

Pacific ................................................................ 75 3 22

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, private

industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.5 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.0 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 1.6 1.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.2 1.7

Service ................................................................... 2.6 0.4 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.4 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 0.7 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 0.5 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 1.6 2.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 2.4 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 0.3 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 0.3 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.5 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 0.4 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 0.3 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.3 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.5 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.2 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.7 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

Construction ..................................................... 3.5 1.1 3.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.5 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 0.5 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.7 1.6 1.8

Retail trade .................................................... 1.8 0.6 1.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.9 0.6 3.0

Utilities ........................................................... 3.0 0.8 3.1

Information ......................................................... 3.0 2.3 2.3

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 1.2 1.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 0.7 1.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.0 0.6 2.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.1 1.6 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.7 – –

Professional and business services .................. 3.2 2.2 2.7

Professional and technical services .............. 3.9 2.5 3.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 0.2 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 1.1 2.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.0 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.9 – –

Other services ................................................... 3.5 1.4 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, private

industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 0.7 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.9 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 0.5 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.6 0.6 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.3 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.7 1.4 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.8 0.9

New England ..................................................... 3.1 1.3 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 0.9 0.9

South ..................................................................... 2.4 1.0 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.1 1.8 2.6

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 1.5 2.1

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 1.0 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.8 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.1 2.1

West ...................................................................... 2.0 0.9 1.8

Mountain ............................................................ 5.9 2.4 5.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 0.9 1.3

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, 

March 2016

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 25 53 19 2176

Full time ................................................................. 23 52 21 2176

Union ..................................................................... 25 46 26 3 3 () 7 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 54 18 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 53 16 2165

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 28 54 15 2175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 30 51 17 ––65

100 workers or more .............................................. 21 52 23 3186

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 25 55 17 2176

500 workers or more .......................................... 16 46 33 4297

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 24 53 20 3186

Full time ................................................................. 22 52 21 3286

Union ..................................................................... 22 46 27 4186

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 54 19 2286

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 28 53 16 2175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 54 15 3175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 51 17 2165

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 52 23 3286

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 56 17 2276

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

500 workers or more .......................................... 14 46 33 4 3 10 7

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 23 52 20 3286

Full time ................................................................. 22 52 22 3286

Union ..................................................................... 21 47 27 4186

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 53 19 3286

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 28 53 16 3175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 54 15 3175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 50 17 2165

100 workers or more .............................................. 19 52 24 3296

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 23 56 18 2286

500 workers or more .......................................... 13 46 34 4 3 11 8

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 23 52 20 3286

Full time ................................................................. 22 52 22 3296

Union ..................................................................... 21 47 28 4186

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 53 19 3286

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 28 53 16 3175

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 53 15 3175

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 50 17 2175

100 workers or more .............................................. 19 52 24 3296

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 23 56 18 2286

500 workers or more .......................................... 13 46 34 4 3 11 8

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private

industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 2.9 3.4 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 3.2 3.1 – – 0.2 3 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 2.3 1.9 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.2

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 3.0 3.5 0.7 0.4 0.3 3 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 3.3 3.0 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 2.1 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private

industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 2.3 1.8 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 3.0 3.5 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 3.1 3.0 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.3 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 2.5 2.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.9

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 3.1 3.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 3.1 3.0 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.3 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 2.5 2.1 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.9

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 8 33 35 16 7 2 10 10

Full time ................................................................. 5 31 37 17 7 2 11 10

Part time ................................................................ 28 46 18 44175

Union ..................................................................... 8 40 36 12 3 1 9 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 32 35 16 7 2 10 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 41 34 10 4 1 9 8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 12 41 34 94198

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10 41 33 12 4 1 9 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 26 36 21 9 3 12 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 7 30 36 19 6 2 11 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 19 35 24 14 5 13 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 11 32 34 15 6 15 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 9 31 36 17 6 15 15

Part time ................................................................ 7 26 39 19 6 2 12 10

Union ..................................................................... – 8 44 35 10 – 14 13

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 11 31 34 16 6 15 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 16 37 31 11 2 13 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 17 37 30 11 2 13 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 11 37 35 11 3 13 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 7 28 36 19 9 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 8 33 35 18 6 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 22 38 21 14 18 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 8 16 37 23 14 17 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 6 15 37 26 15 18 15

Part time ................................................................ 7 18 26 35 8 6 14 14

Union ..................................................................... – – 12 54 23 8 17 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 8 17 35 23 15 17 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 12 22 35 20 7 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 14 24 34 18 7 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 8 17 40 25 7 16 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 10 38 26 21 19 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 13 41 24 18 18 16

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 6 35 30 26 21 20

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 12 20 31 28 20 20

Full time ................................................................. 1 6 12 19 32 30 20 20

Part time ................................................................ 6 18 14 27 20 14 16 16

Union ..................................................................... – – 4 13 46 34 22 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 8 13 21 29 27 19 20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 12 19 24 27 16 17 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 13 21 24 24 15 16 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 7 14 23 37 17 18 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 6 16 34 40 23 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 7 20 34 34 22 20

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 4 11 34 49 24 24

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.1 1.3 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 2.6 2.5 1.7 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.3 0.4 0.4 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.3

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 1.2 2.3 1.8 1.5 – 0.3 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 1.4 2.2 2.4 1.9 0.9 0.4 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 1.9 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.3 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.3 1.1

Union ..................................................................... – – 1.3 2.6 2.1 1.3 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 1.2 1.5 2.7 2.4 1.5 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.1 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 0.9 1.8 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 1.8 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.3

Union ..................................................................... – – 0.7 1.3 2.5 2.5 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.3 1.9 0.5 3 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.1 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 0.8 1.0 1.9 1.8 0.3 1.3

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 35 14 19 22 24 65 8 12 15 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 45 17 21 24 26 55 11 15 17 19

Management, business, and financial ............... 40 17 20 23 25 60 11 15 17 19

Professional and related .................................... 47 17 21 24 26 53 11 15 17 19

Service ................................................................... 36 14 18 21 23 64 6 11 13 14

Protective service .............................................. 38 16 19 22 25 62 6 9 11 13

Sales and office ..................................................... 37 13 18 21 24 63 8 12 15 17

Sales and related ............................................... 32 11 17 19 23 68 7 12 14 17

Office and administrative support ...................... 40 14 19 22 24 60 8 13 15 18

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 19 10 15 18 20 81 7 11 13 15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 23 9 12 15 17 77 7 11 13 14

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 18 12 17 20 22 82 7 11 14 16

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 20 11 15 18 21 80 7 11 14 18

Production ......................................................... 23 10 15 18 20 77 7 11 14 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 17 12 16 18 22 83 7 12 15 18

Full time ................................................................. 35 15 19 22 25 65 8 13 15 18

Part time ................................................................ 33 10 15 17 19 67 6 10 12 15

Union ..................................................................... 19 14 19 22 26 81 8 12 16 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 37 14 19 22 24 63 8 12 15 17

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30 11 16 18 20 70 6 10 13 14

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 21 10 15 17 19 79 5 10 12 13

Second 25 percent ............................................ 34 14 18 22 24 66 7 11 14 16

Third 25 percent ................................................ 34 15 19 22 25 66 8 13 15 18

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 39 17 21 23 26 61 10 14 17 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 38 17 21 23 25 62 12 15 18 21

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 24 11 15 18 20 76 7 12 15 18

Construction ...................................................... 25 10 14 16 17 75 7 11 12 13

Manufacturing .................................................... 24 12 16 19 21 76 8 12 15 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 37 15 19 22 25 63 8 12 15 17

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 26 11 16 19 23 74 7 12 14 17

Wholesale trade ............................................. 22 12 16 19 21 78 8 12 15 17

Retail trade .................................................... 32 10 16 19 24 68 6 11 13 16

Transportation and warehousing ................... 14 11 16 21 26 86 8 12 16 19

Utilities ........................................................... 22 15 18 20 25 78 9 13 16 21

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

Information ......................................................... 29 18 22 25 27 71 11 14 17 21

Financial activities ............................................. 40 16 20 24 26 60 11 14 16 18

Finance and insurance .................................. 44 17 21 24 27 56 12 15 17 20

Credit intermediation and related activities 33 16 20 24 26 67 12 15 17 20

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 62 17 21 25 27 38 10 14 16 19

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 27 13 17 20 21 73 8 11 13 14

Professional and business services .................. 38 16 19 22 24 62 9 13 15 17

Professional and technical services .............. 44 16 19 22 24 56 10 14 16 18

Administrative and waste services ................ 38 14 19 22 23 62 6 11 12 14

Education and health services ........................... 57 17 21 25 27 43 10 14 17 18

Educational services ...................................... 20 13 16 17 18 80 13 17 19 20

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14 18 21 24 26 86 14 17 19 21

Health care and social assistance ................. 61 17 22 25 27 39 10 14 17 18

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 23 11 16 19 21 77 6 10 12 13

Accommodation and food services ................ 24 10 16 18 21 76 5 10 12 12

Other services ................................................... 27 11 14 16 17 73 8 12 14 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 28 12 17 19 20 72 7 11 14 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 12 16 18 20 73 7 11 13 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 31 14 17 20 21 69 7 12 14 16

100 workers or more .............................................. 41 16 20 24 27 59 9 13 17 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 39 14 19 22 25 61 8 13 16 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 44 18 22 25 28 56 10 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 31 16 20 22 25 69 9 13 16 18

New England ..................................................... 36 17 21 23 26 64 9 13 15 18

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 30 15 19 22 24 70 9 14 16 18

South ..................................................................... 33 14 18 21 23 67 8 12 14 16

South Atlantic .................................................... 33 15 19 22 24 67 8 12 14 16

East South Central ............................................ 26 15 19 22 25 74 7 11 14 16

West South Central ........................................... 35 12 17 19 22 65 8 12 14 16

Midwest ................................................................. 37 15 19 23 25 63 8 12 16 18

East North Central ............................................. 34 15 20 23 26 66 8 12 16 18

West North Central ............................................ 42 14 18 21 24 58 8 12 15 18

West ...................................................................... 39 14 18 21 23 61 8 12 15 17

Mountain ............................................................ 46 13 18 21 23 54 8 12 15 17

Pacific ................................................................ 36 14 19 22 23 64 8 12 15 17

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March

2016

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Service ................................................................... 2.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 2.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 8.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.2 8.8 0.5 1.1 1.7 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.6 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.1 2.6 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Production ......................................................... 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Construction ...................................................... 2.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.7 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.4 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Utilities ........................................................... 3.2 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.7 3.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

Information ......................................................... 2.9 2.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Financial activities ............................................. 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 2.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.0 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.8 4.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Professional and technical services .............. 3.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 3.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.1 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.1 3.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.8 0.9 1.3 1.6 1.8 2.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 2.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 3.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 3.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7

Other services ................................................... 2.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 2.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

New England ..................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 3.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

West ...................................................................... 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 3.6 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 3.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 10 7 6 39 51

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 19 15 13 56 67

Management, business, and financial ............... 18 21 13 57 69

Professional and related .................................... 19 12 12 55 65

Service ................................................................... 8 2 ( ) 4 22 33

Protective service .............................................. – – 2 27 38

Sales and office ..................................................... 8 7 5 41 54

Sales and related ............................................... 4 4 3 38 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 11 8 7 44 55

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 1 3 27 36

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3 – 2 17 23

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11 2 3 37 47

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4 3 1 38 50

Production ......................................................... 7 3 1 42 50

Transportation and material moving .................. 2 3 2 35 50

Full time ................................................................. 12 8 7 45 56

Part time ................................................................ 4 2 3 24 35

Union ..................................................................... 17 3 6 52 74

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 7 6 38 48

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 1 2 23 34

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 1 2 15 27

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 3 4 36 49

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10 7 7 47 56

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 21 17 13 58 70

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 23 24 16 63 75

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 8 6 2 42 50

Construction ...................................................... 3 2 3 17 21

Manufacturing .................................................... 11 8 2 54 63

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 7 7 39 51

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3 3 2 41 58

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6 13 3 36 49

Retail trade .................................................... 2 2 ( ) 1 39 57

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2 2 4 52 68

Utilities ........................................................... 14 – 13 73 82

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

Information ......................................................... 41 14 19 73 82

Financial activities ............................................. 21 17 17 60 70

Finance and insurance .................................. 26 21 22 72 80

Credit intermediation and related activities 29 13 19 71 81

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 17 28 23 71 78

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 5 5 21 37

Professional and business services .................. 10 14 7 30 40

Professional and technical services .............. 14 24 13 38 48

Administrative and waste services ................ 3 4 4 14 23

Education and health services ........................... 17 4 8 50 64

Educational services ...................................... 18 9 23 50 66

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 30 11 33 74 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 3 6 50 64

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 7 – 6 17 25

Accommodation and food services ................ 7 – 5 16 25

Other services ................................................... 3 9 3 19 27

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 5 3 22 31

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 5 3 19 27

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 4 4 30 44

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 9 10 61 75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10 7 6 53 68

500 workers or more .......................................... 29 12 15 73 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 9 10 39 52

New England ..................................................... 16 12 12 41 54

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 14 9 9 39 52

South ..................................................................... 10 6 5 42 52

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 6 5 44 54

East South Central ............................................ 7 3 1 36 50

West South Central ........................................... 9 6 5 43 48

Midwest ................................................................. 8 6 4 39 51

East North Central ............................................. 9 6 4 38 50

West North Central ............................................ 6 6 4 42 54

West ...................................................................... 9 6 7 35 47

Mountain ............................................................ 10 6 7 33 44

Pacific ................................................................ 9 5 8 36 49

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, 

March 2016

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 1.7 1.0 2.0 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.0 0.9 1.9 2.0

Service ................................................................... 1.0 0.1 0.8 1.1 1.7

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.1 5.5 7.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 1.0 0.4 1.6 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.3 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.9 – 0.7 1.9 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 0.4 0.7 1.6 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.2 1.7

Production ......................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.3 2.0 2.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.6 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 0.7 0.8 1.7 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.5 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.6 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.4 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.7 1.1 2.2 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 0.8 0.4 1.3 1.5

Construction ...................................................... 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.8 1.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.4 1.1 0.4 1.3 1.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.6 1.5 0.7 1.8 2.3

Retail trade .................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.4 1.7 1.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.7 1.1 1.4 3.4 4.1

Utilities ........................................................... 2.7 – 2.3 4.9 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, 

March 2016—continued

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

Information ......................................................... 3.9 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.6

Financial activities ............................................. 1.3 0.9 1.1 2.0 2.3

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 1.1 1.9 2.0 1.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 2.1 1.9 3.9 5.4

Professional and business services .................. 1.2 1.3 1.2 2.4 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.7 2.6 2.4 4.0 4.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.2 1.2 1.4 2.1 2.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 0.7 0.7 2.3 2.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 2.3 2.6 3.0 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 0.6 0.7 2.7 3.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.6 – 1.3 2.0 2.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.4 – 1.3 2.2 2.7

Other services ................................................... 1.0 2.3 0.9 2.8 3.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 0.8 0.6 2.1 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.8

New England ..................................................... 2.2 1.6 1.4 2.9 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 1.6 0.3 4.2 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 1.0 1.1 2.9 3.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.9 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 1.0 0.7 2.7 2.7

West North Central ............................................ 0.9 1.2 0.8 1.4 2.5

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.4 0.5 2.1 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.8

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 25 16 37 40 17 6 20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 40 26 58 62 23 9 28

Management, business, and financial ............... 49 28 62 65 21 9 30

Professional and related .................................... 35 25 56 60 24 10 28

Service ................................................................... 8 7 19 19 10 4 10

Protective service .............................................. 12 – 25 29 8 5 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 29 15 36 39 15 5 23

Sales and related ............................................... 25 10 30 31 10 3 21

Office and administrative support ...................... 32 19 40 44 18 7 24

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 11 25 28 15 6 15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 11 6 13 16 14 7 9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 23 15 37 39 17 4 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 21 17 37 39 18 5 15

Production ......................................................... 25 19 38 39 17 6 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 18 15 36 38 18 5 13

Full time ................................................................. 31 20 45 48 19 7 23

Part time ................................................................ 9 5 17 17 10 3 10

Union ..................................................................... 25 14 51 52 28 8 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 16 36 38 15 6 19

Average wage within the following categories:7

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 6 16 16 9 3 10

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3 4 10 10 8 1 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 23 15 34 36 15 6 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 32 21 46 49 20 8 23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 42 27 61 65 24 9 31

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 46 29 68 70 24 10 33

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 26 17 39 40 16 6 20

Construction ...................................................... 13 7 12 16 12 5 8

Manufacturing .................................................... 33 22 51 51 17 6 25

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 16 37 40 17 6 19

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 25 13 36 38 14 3 20

Wholesale trade ............................................. 23 19 40 44 13 5 15

Retail trade .................................................... 25 7 28 29 10 1 22

Transportation and warehousing ................... 26 25 54 55 26 7 19

Utilities ........................................................... 45 34 70 73 13 5 43

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Stock options

Total5 Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 8 2 1 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10 5 2 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 15 7 3 10

Professional and related .................................... 8 4 1 4

Service ................................................................... 2 6 ( ) 6 () 2

Protective service .............................................. 1 – – 1

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 3 1 8

Sales and related ............................................... 9 2 1 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 10 3 2 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 3 1 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3 – – 2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 8 4 – 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 9 1 1 8

Production ......................................................... 6 1 1 4

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 6 ( ) 1 11

Full time ................................................................. 9 3 1 6

Part time ................................................................ 5 1 6 () 4

Union ..................................................................... 12 4 1 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 7 2 1 6

Average wage within the following categories:7

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 6 ( ) 6 () 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 6 () – 2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 1 1 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 8 3 1 6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 13 6 2 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 16 9 3 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 8 3 1 5

Construction ...................................................... 4 – – 2

Manufacturing .................................................... 11 5 2 6

Service-providing industries .................................. 8 2 1 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 11 2 1 10

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6 1 1 5

Retail trade .................................................... 9 2 1 8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 21 – – 20

Utilities ........................................................... 10 – – 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Information ......................................................... 50 26 80 80 26 4 51

Financial activities ............................................. 50 31 65 65 20 11 37

Finance and insurance .................................. 61 37 77 78 21 12 47

Credit intermediation and related activities 60 37 79 79 21 13 42

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 61 36 73 75 18 7 52

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 19 10 27 26 14 7 6

Professional and business services .................. 28 15 35 37 20 8 15

Professional and technical services .............. 39 19 44 48 22 13 25

Administrative and waste services ................ 12 8 16 17 16 6 5

Education and health services ........................... 26 24 47 52 23 9 22

Educational services ...................................... 29 25 57 59 34 16 26

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 43 35 79 82 46 20 40

Health care and social assistance ................. 26 23 45 50 21 8 21

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4 3 13 14 7 3 9

Accommodation and food services ................ 3 3 12 12 7 3 9

Other services ................................................... 14 9 14 16 – 5 6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 16 9 21 23 13 5 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 15 7 18 19 11 4 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 20 14 30 33 17 6 13

100 workers or more .............................................. 36 25 58 60 21 8 31

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 35 20 48 50 18 8 27

500 workers or more .......................................... 38 34 73 76 25 8 38

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 24 15 39 42 20 8 20

New England ..................................................... 24 15 41 47 19 9 19

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 24 15 38 40 20 8 20

South ..................................................................... 23 19 37 39 16 6 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 24 17 36 38 16 7 22

East South Central ............................................ 24 19 31 34 14 6 19

West South Central ........................................... 21 22 41 42 15 3 20

Midwest ................................................................. 29 19 41 43 18 5 18

East North Central ............................................. 28 17 41 42 19 5 19

West North Central ............................................ 32 24 41 45 15 5 18

West ...................................................................... 25 10 34 36 14 6 18

Mountain ............................................................ 26 10 32 34 11 2 20

Pacific ................................................................ 25 10 35 37 16 8 17

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Stock options

Total5 Performance Signing Other

Information ......................................................... 32 20 – 13

Financial activities ............................................. 19 8 7 17

Finance and insurance .................................. 23 11 9 21

Credit intermediation and related activities 27 13 11 25

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 17 6 2 13

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6 – – 6

Professional and business services .................. 8 3 1 5

Professional and technical services .............. 8 4 – 5

Administrative and waste services ................ 5 – – 4

Education and health services ........................... 2 6 ( ) 6 () –

Educational services ...................................... – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 2 6 () – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ – – – –

Other services ................................................... 2 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 1 4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 1 1 3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 2 1 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 11 4 2 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10 3 1 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 14 4 2 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 8 2 2 6

New England ..................................................... 6 1 1 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 8 2 2 6

South ..................................................................... 7 2 1 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 2 1 6

East South Central ............................................ 9 1 1 7

West South Central ........................................... 6 2 1 4

Midwest ................................................................. 7 2 1 6

East North Central ............................................. 7 2 1 6

West North Central ............................................ 8 2 6 () 6

West ...................................................................... 9 4 1 6

Mountain ............................................................ 8 2 1 6

Pacific ................................................................ 9 5 2 5

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 4 An individual retirement plan that can be sponsored by the employer, but with no employer contributions. 

The employee establishes either a traditional (with tax-deductible contributions) or Roth (contributions are made

post-tax but accumulate tax-free until retirement) IRA plan with a financial institution, and authorizes the payroll

deduction by the employer. 5 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have

access to more than one type of stock option. 6 Less than 0.5. 7 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.8 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.4 2.2 2.3 1.7 1.4 1.9

Service ................................................................... 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.9

Protective service .............................................. 3.4 – 5.1 6.0 2.5 2.2 3.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.4 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.5 1.0 2.2 2.0 2.2 0.7 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.5 1.0

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.0 0.6 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.6 2.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 1.6 2.1 2.1 1.6 0.8 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.1

Construction ...................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.9 1.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.2 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.2 1.1

Retail trade .................................................... 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.2 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.3 2.9 4.9 5.2 3.0 1.8 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 6.2 3.7 7.3 6.1 2.9 1.4 4.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.8 0.4 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.6

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 0.3 – – 0.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.9 – – 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 0.8 – 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 0.2 0.1 1.0

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.6 0.2 0.2 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.9 0.2 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 0.1 – 0.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.2 0.5 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.7

Construction ...................................................... 1.2 – – 0.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.9

Retail trade .................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.2 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.4 – – 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 2.2 – – 2.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Information ......................................................... 2.7 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.3 0.8 3.7

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 1.4 2.6 2.3 1.1 1.0 2.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.1 2.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.5 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.4 2.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.2 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.8 2.7 5.9 5.2 3.1 2.0 2.3

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.8

Professional and technical services .............. 4.1 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.6 2.2 3.2

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.3 1.7 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.2 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 1.6 2.7 3.0 2.4 1.9 2.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.8 3.7 3.0 1.8 3.4 2.0 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 1.9 3.1 3.6 2.7 2.1 2.8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.6 1.2 0.8 1.4

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.1 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.7

Other services ................................................... 1.9 1.6 2.4 2.5 – 2.0 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.6 1.7 0.9 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.0 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.8

New England ..................................................... 1.6 1.7 2.6 3.3 3.9 2.4 2.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.2 2.3

South ..................................................................... 1.7 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.4 1.5 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.2 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 4.8 1.5 3.4 2.7 2.6 2.1 4.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 1.4 2.6 3.0 1.2 0.5 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 0.5 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.1 2.3 1.9 1.8 0.6 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 2.1 3.0 2.8 2.0 0.8 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 1.6 1.8 3.1 1.5 0.8 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 0.7 1.7 1.6 2.7 2.0 1.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Stock options

Total Performance Signing Other

Information ......................................................... 4.4 3.6 – 2.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.0 1.1 0.5 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.0 – – 2.1

Professional and business services .................. 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.8

Professional and technical services .............. 1.5 0.9 – 1.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.6 – – 1.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 0.1 0.1 –

Educational services ...................................... – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 0.1 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ – – – –

Other services ................................................... 0.8 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.7 0.5 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.9

New England ..................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.4 1.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.4 1.0

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.7

East South Central ............................................ 0.9 0.4 0.5 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 0.3 0.1 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 0.6 6 ( ) 2.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.6

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. 

These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and

retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund

the established plan. 4 An individual retirement plan that can be sponsored by the employer, but with no employer contributions. 

The employee establishes either a traditional (with tax-deductible contributions) or Roth (contributions are made

post-tax but accumulate tax-free until retirement) IRA plan with a financial institution, and authorizes the payroll

deduction by the employer. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation,

which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed

using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016. 6 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, private industry workers,

 March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 17 15 13

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 28 23 20

Management, business, and financial ............... 33 27 23

Professional and related .................................... 25 21 18

Service ................................................................... 7 5 4

Protective service .............................................. 6 – 4

Sales and office ..................................................... 17 14 13

Sales and related ............................................... 13 9 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 20 18 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 11 13 13

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 8 8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 16 19 18

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 17 15

Production ......................................................... 13 15 13

Transportation and material moving .................. 13 19 16

Full time ................................................................. 20 18 16

Part time ................................................................ 6 5 5

Union ..................................................................... 23 41 36

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 12 11

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6 4 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 3 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 10 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 19 19 17

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 33 30 26

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 39 32 29

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 15 16 15

Construction ...................................................... 3 6 6

Manufacturing .................................................... 21 21 18

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 15 13

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 14 15 13

Wholesale trade ............................................. 16 9 7

Retail trade .................................................... 10 9 7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 21 36 33

Utilities ........................................................... 43 60 54

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, private industry workers,

 March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

Information ......................................................... 49 48 43

Financial activities ............................................. 40 39 37

Finance and insurance .................................. 50 50 47

Credit intermediation and related activities 52 53 52

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 44 44 41

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 9 5 3

Professional and business services .................. 18 12 10

Professional and technical services .............. 24 13 12

Administrative and waste services ................ 7 6 4

Education and health services ........................... 18 13 11

Educational services ...................................... 32 28 31

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 53 43 45

Health care and social assistance ................. 15 11 8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6 2 2

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 2 2

Other services ................................................... 7 8 7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 7 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 6 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 13 11 9

100 workers or more .............................................. 26 25 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 16 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 37 38 32

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 17 15 15

New England ..................................................... 17 13 12

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17 16 16

South ..................................................................... 18 16 13

South Atlantic .................................................... 19 17 13

East South Central ............................................ 16 17 14

West South Central ........................................... 17 16 14

Midwest ................................................................. 15 14 13

East North Central ............................................. 16 14 13

West North Central ............................................ 14 15 14

West ...................................................................... 16 13 11

Mountain ............................................................ 16 10 9

Pacific ................................................................ 15 14 12

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.1 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.1 1.6 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.2 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.1 0.6 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.5 – 1.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.9 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.0 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 1.0 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 0.8 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 1.2 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.1 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.8

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.5 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.5 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 2.0 2.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.4 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.5 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.8 0.7 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.7 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.3 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.1 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.1 1.3

Construction ...................................................... 0.7 0.9 1.1

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.6 1.7 1.2

Retail trade .................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 1.9 3.2 3.5

Utilities ........................................................... 4.9 7.0 5.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

Information ......................................................... 4.3 2.9 2.6

Financial activities ............................................. 2.0 1.9 1.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.9 2.2 2.1

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.7 2.6 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.2 3.4 3.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.6 1.5 1.1

Professional and business services .................. 1.8 1.5 1.4

Professional and technical services .............. 3.2 2.7 2.3

Administrative and waste services ................ 0.9 2.1 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.1 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.2 2.0 3.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 2.9 2.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 1.3 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.8 0.7 0.7

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.9 0.6 0.8

Other services ................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.4 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.8 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.0 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.8 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 0.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 1.8 1.5 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.6

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 1.2 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 1.9 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 1.9 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.0 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 1.0 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 2.4 2.9

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 1.0 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.3 1.1

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 38 6 3 10 6 4 1 6 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 7 5 14 5 6 2 8 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 53 10 6 18 5 5 1 8 15

Professional and related .................................... 44 6 5 12 5 7 2 9 12

Service ................................................................... 23 1 2 5 7 2 – 5 6

Protective service .............................................. – 3 – – – 2 – 1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 40 9 3 11 6 3 1 6 12

Sales and related ............................................... 33 11 1 8 5 2 1 3 13

Office and administrative support ...................... 45 8 4 14 6 3 1 8 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 39 6 2 12 10 3 1 4 11

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 32 3 1 13 10 – – 1 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 45 9 3 12 9 5 1 7 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 40 8 2 9 7 3 1 4 15

Production ......................................................... 44 10 2 10 7 3 1 4 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 37 5 1 8 6 3 – 5 14

Full time ................................................................. 44 7 4 13 7 5 1 6 14

Part time ................................................................ 21 3 1 4 5 1 1 5 5

Union ..................................................................... 33 9 5 4 2 5 1 6 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 6 3 11 7 4 1 6 11

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 23 4 1 5 6 1 2 4 7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 16 1 1 5 5 – 4 () 2 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 6 2 11 8 3 1 5 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 7 3 14 6 5 1 6 14

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 50 10 6 14 5 7 1 8 16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 51 10 7 15 4 7 1 8 17

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 47 10 3 14 9 4 1 3 15

Construction ...................................................... 37 3 – 15 12 1 – 2 5

Manufacturing .................................................... 53 14 3 13 7 5 1 4 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 6 3 10 6 4 1 6 11

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 37 11 1 7 6 2 1 4 15

Wholesale trade ............................................. 42 7 1 13 9 5 1 3 10

Retail trade .................................................... 33 13 1 5 6 1 1 4 13

Transportation and warehousing ................... 43 9 – 4 4 3 – – 24

Utilities ........................................................... 47 – 6 15 – 6 – – 21

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

Information ......................................................... 74 21 12 18 2 19 – 27 28

Financial activities ............................................. 64 13 7 23 5 3 2 9 17

Finance and insurance .................................. 72 16 8 24 5 3 2 11 20

Credit intermediation and related activities 71 15 6 20 5 3 1 13 21

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 72 16 14 26 6 2 5 10 19

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 41 – – 19 6 – – – 8

Professional and business services .................. 40 4 5 14 6 3 1 6 9

Professional and technical services .............. 56 8 7 24 8 4 2 5 11

Administrative and waste services ................ 24 1 – 5 4 2 – 7 4

Education and health services ........................... 34 1 2 8 7 6 3 10 8

Educational services ...................................... 17 – 2 3 1 9 – 2 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 18 – 3 – 2 11 – 3 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 37 1 2 9 8 6 4 11 9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 17 – 2 4 5 – – 2 5

Accommodation and food services ................ 17 – 2 4 5 – – 2 5

Other services ................................................... 25 – – 7 6 4 – 3 4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 3 1 13 9 2 1 3 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 34 3 1 13 9 2 1 2 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 34 4 2 11 7 3 1 5 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 43 10 5 8 3 5 2 9 18

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 41 9 4 7 5 5 2 9 17

500 workers or more .......................................... 46 11 6 8 2 6 2 10 19

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 37 4 3 14 3 5 1 6 10

New England ..................................................... 35 6 3 14 2 5 1 5 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 38 4 3 14 4 5 1 6 10

South ..................................................................... 42 6 4 11 9 2 1 6 14

South Atlantic .................................................... 42 6 5 10 9 3 2 6 14

East South Central ............................................ 42 6 – 11 9 2 – 6 16

West South Central ........................................... 43 7 4 11 10 2 1 6 14

Midwest ................................................................. 38 8 3 10 5 3 1 6 11

East North Central ............................................. 39 8 3 10 7 3 1 6 11

West North Central ............................................ 37 8 3 9 2 4 2 6 13

West ...................................................................... 33 6 2 8 6 5 – 5 8

Mountain ............................................................ 37 6 2 12 7 3 1 4 9

Pacific ................................................................ 31 6 2 6 5 6 – 6 8

1 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 0.9 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.9 0.2 0.4 1.0 1.2 0.4 – 1.2 0.7

Protective service .............................................. – 1.1 – – – 1.1 – 0.4 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 0.8 0.5 1.4 1.8 – – 0.3 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.0 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.8 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.9 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.2 1.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.2 0.9 0.4 1.3 0.9 0.7 – 0.7 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 1.0 1.8 0.8 0.6 1.2 0.5 1.9 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.5 – 0.2 0.4 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.7 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.3 1.1 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 1.7 1.0 – 1.6 1.4 0.4 – 0.5 1.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 1.3 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.7 1.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.4 1.6 0.5 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.5 1.1 1.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.3 1.7 – 1.4 1.8 0.9 – – 3.4

Utilities ........................................................... 5.5 – 1.9 2.7 – 2.1 – – 3.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

Information ......................................................... 3.4 3.0 2.4 2.6 0.8 2.8 – 3.7 2.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.0 1.8 1.3 2.0 0.8 0.7 0.4 1.3 1.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.0 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.3 2.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.5 – – 4.0 2.4 – – – 2.3

Professional and business services .................. 2.3 0.9 0.5 1.7 0.8 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.2

Professional and technical services .............. 3.4 1.6 1.3 2.6 1.3 1.9 0.7 1.5 2.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.8 0.6 – 1.5 0.9 0.4 – 1.1 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 0.2 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 – 0.4 0.8 0.5 1.4 – 0.4 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 – 0.6 – 0.7 1.4 – 0.7 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 0.3 1.2 1.6 2.0 1.1 1.5 2.0 1.8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.7 – 0.6 1.5 0.8 – – 0.5 1.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.9 – 0.7 1.6 0.8 – – 0.5 1.5

Other services ................................................... 2.9 – – 1.5 1.8 1.4 – 1.2 1.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.5 0.7 0.5 2.5 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.8 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.0 1.1 0.4 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.2 1.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.6 1.1 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 2.6 0.4 – 1.9 1.2 0.6 – 1.4 2.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.5 0.9 0.2 1.2 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 0.8 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.1 0.2 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.7 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.8 0.6 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 – 1.1 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 2.9 0.3 0.5 1.4 2.0 1.0 0.2 1.3 0.7

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 – 1.5 0.8

1 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, private industry

workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 11 10 39 35

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 17 17 57 51

Management, business, and financial ............... 20 20 62 57

Professional and related .................................... 16 15 55 48

Service ................................................................... 4 5 21 19

Protective service .............................................. 7 7 31 27

Sales and office ..................................................... 10 10 41 38

Sales and related ............................................... 6 6 35 31

Office and administrative support ...................... 13 13 45 42

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9 7 28 24

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 7 6 17 19

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 12 8 39 29

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 10 33 30

Production ......................................................... 8 7 31 29

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 12 35 31

Full time ................................................................. 13 12 47 42

Part time ................................................................ 5 5 17 16

Union ..................................................................... 33 28 58 44

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 9 37 34

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 4 18 18

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 2 8 8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 8 37 34

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 12 45 40

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 22 20 61 53

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 24 23 69 61

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 9 35 32

Construction ...................................................... 6 6 18 20

Manufacturing .................................................... 11 9 43 38

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 11 40 35

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 9 9 40 35

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5 4 35 31

Retail trade .................................................... 6 6 37 33

Transportation and warehousing ................... 19 18 53 44

Utilities ........................................................... 37 33 60 55

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, private industry

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

Information ......................................................... 35 21 83 45

Financial activities ............................................. 29 28 63 60

Finance and insurance .................................. 37 36 73 69

Credit intermediation and related activities 38 37 73 69

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 33 32 69 65

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4 5 33 33

Professional and business services .................. 9 11 38 38

Professional and technical services .............. 10 12 51 52

Administrative and waste services ................ 5 5 21 20

Education and health services ........................... 11 12 44 39

Educational services ...................................... 13 13 53 43

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 17 17 70 54

Health care and social assistance ................. 11 11 42 38

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3 3 20 17

Accommodation and food services ................ 2 2 19 16

Other services ................................................... 8 9 20 21

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 5 26 25

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 5 24 23

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 6 30 30

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 17 55 47

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 13 49 45

500 workers or more .......................................... 25 23 64 50

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 16 44 38

New England ..................................................... 11 13 42 38

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 16 17 44 38

South ..................................................................... 10 10 34 31

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 11 35 31

East South Central ............................................ 8 8 33 30

West South Central ........................................... 9 8 32 31

Midwest ................................................................. 7 7 29 23

East North Central ............................................. 6 6 28 22

West North Central ............................................ 10 9 30 26

West ...................................................................... 11 11 53 50

Mountain ............................................................ 8 8 43 38

Pacific ................................................................ 13 12 58 55

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see the Unmarried

Domestic Partners Benefit Fact Sheet at:www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs_domestic2012.pdf. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6

Service ................................................................... 0.7 0.7 2.1 2.0

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 2.9 6.4 5.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.2 0.9 1.8 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.3 1.2 2.2 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 1.3 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.7

Construction ...................................................... 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.3 1.1 2.1 2.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.3 0.9 1.9 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.7 3.0 4.1 3.6

Utilities ........................................................... 5.5 5.9 5.3 5.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

private industry workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

Information ......................................................... 3.9 2.6 2.6 4.3

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.6 2.8 2.3 1.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.0 2.6 2.9 3.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.2 1.3 4.6 3.8

Professional and business services .................. 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.2

Professional and technical services .............. 2.4 2.6 3.3 3.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.5 1.5 2.8 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.6 3.1 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.3 2.2 2.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 1.9 2.7 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.6 0.7 2.5 2.4

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.5 0.5 2.7 2.6

Other services ................................................... 2.1 2.1 2.7 2.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.0 2.2 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.3 1.8 1.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.4

New England ..................................................... 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.9

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.9 2.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.7 0.7 4.5 4.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 1.4 2.7 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.4 2.3 2.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 0.9 4.7 4.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.7

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see the Unmarried

Domestic Partners Benefit Fact Sheet at:www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs_domestic2012.pdf. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 58 9 8 25 54 14 1 31

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 77 9 4 10 75 12 1 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 84 10 1 4 83 11 1 () 5

Professional and related .................................... 73 9 5 13 70 12 1 17

Service ................................................................... 30 9 11 50 25 14 2 59

Protective service .............................................. 35 – – 35 34 – – 44

Sales and office ..................................................... 57 9 12 22 52 14 2 32

Sales and related ............................................... 46 8 20 25 40 15 2 44

Office and administrative support ...................... 65 9 7 19 60 14 2 25

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 58 14 4 23 53 19 1 26

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 51 14 6 29 44 21 2 33

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 64 15 3 19 61 17 1 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 65 9 5 21 61 13 1 25

Production ......................................................... 71 10 3 17 67 13 1 19

Transportation and material moving .................. 60 8 7 25 55 13 1 31

Full time ................................................................. 74 12 3 11 70 15 1 13

Part time ................................................................ 16 3 21 60 10 9 2 79

Union ..................................................................... 88 4 2 5 83 10 1 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 55 10 8 27 51 14 1 34

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 25 8 17 50 19 14 2 65

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 15 7 18 60 11 11 2 76

Second 25 percent ............................................ 59 12 6 23 55 15 1 28

Third 25 percent ................................................ 74 11 4 11 71 14 1 14

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 84 8 2 6 82 11 1 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 86 7 2 5 85 8 1 7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 72 12 2 13 69 15 1 15

Construction ...................................................... 50 17 5 28 41 26 1 32

Manufacturing .................................................... 82 10 1 7 81 11 1 8

Service-providing industries .................................. 55 9 9 27 51 13 1 34

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 60 7 14 19 52 15 2 31

Wholesale trade ............................................. 73 12 4 11 69 16 1 14

Retail trade .................................................... 48 6 22 24 37 17 3 43

Transportation and warehousing ................... 78 5 4 13 73 – – 17

Utilities ........................................................... 96 – – – 95 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 17 50 1 32 54 13 8 25

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 25 62 1 ( ) 13 74 13 4 10

Management, business, and financial ............... 28 66 – – 82 13 1 4

Professional and related .................................... 23 59 1 ( ) 18 69 13 5 13

Service ................................................................... 6 33 1 60 27 12 11 50

Protective service .............................................. – 30 – 58 32 8 23 37

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 52 2 32 54 12 12 22

Sales and related ............................................... 9 46 2 43 43 12 19 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 56 1 25 62 12 6 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 50 – 28 52 21 4 24

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 42 – 35 41 24 6 29

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 21 58 – 21 61 17 3 19

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 22 52 1 25 58 16 5 21

Production ......................................................... 21 59 – – 68 12 3 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 22 46 1 31 49 19 7 25

Full time ................................................................. 21 64 1 ( ) 14 69 16 3 11

Part time ................................................................ 6 13 2 79 13 6 20 61

Union ..................................................................... 69 24 1 6 54 39 2 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 12 53 1 34 54 11 8 27

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 28 2 66 23 10 16 51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3 19 1 77 13 9 17 61

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 59 1 29 55 15 6 24

Third 25 percent ................................................ 23 62 1 ( ) 15 69 16 4 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 34 58 1 ( ) 8 79 13 2 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 35 58 – – 82 11 2 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 25 59 – – 68 16 2 14

Construction ...................................................... – 49 – 33 41 26 5 28

Manufacturing .................................................... 28 63 – – 79 12 1 7

Service-providing industries .................................. 16 49 1 35 51 13 9 27

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 16 51 2 31 52 14 14 20

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 74 – 15 71 14 4 11

Retail trade .................................................... 10 44 4 42 42 12 21 25

Transportation and warehousing ................... 34 49 – – 60 23 3 14

Utilities ........................................................... 76 23 – – 95 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Information ......................................................... 87 6 2 5 88 – – 6

Financial activities ............................................. 79 9 3 9 80 8 1 11

Finance and insurance .................................. 90 4 2 5 89 4 1 6

Credit intermediation and related activities 92 3 2 3 92 3 1 4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 86 3 3 7 85 4 1 9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 48 24 7 22 51 – – 29

Professional and business services .................. 53 13 7 27 51 15 2 32

Professional and technical services .............. 71 12 5 12 66 – – 17

Administrative and waste services ................ 28 14 10 47 27 15 4 53

Education and health services ........................... 65 9 6 20 61 13 1 25

Educational services ...................................... 70 6 2 22 67 – – 24

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 87 – – 9 87 – – 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 9 7 20 60 13 1 25

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 22 9 10 59 18 – – 68

Accommodation and food services ................ 21 9 10 60 16 – – 70

Other services ................................................... 36 10 11 43 32 14 2 52

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 42 13 9 36 39 17 1 44

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 38 14 9 39 34 18 1 47

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 56 10 9 25 53 13 1 33

100 workers or more .............................................. 77 5 6 11 72 10 2 16

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 7 8 13 65 13 2 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 3 4 8 84 5 1 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 60 8 8 24 55 13 1 31

New England ..................................................... 60 – – 24 53 12 2 32

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 60 9 8 24 55 14 1 31

South ..................................................................... 58 10 8 24 56 12 2 31

South Atlantic .................................................... 59 9 8 24 55 12 1 31

East South Central ............................................ 61 10 7 22 54 17 2 27

West South Central ........................................... 55 12 9 24 58 9 2 31

Midwest ................................................................. 62 7 9 22 58 11 1 30

East North Central ............................................. 61 8 9 22 57 12 1 30

West North Central ............................................ 63 5 9 22 60 9 1 31

West ...................................................................... 53 12 6 29 46 19 1 33

Mountain ............................................................ 56 9 7 28 49 16 1 34

Pacific ................................................................ 52 14 5 29 45 21 1 33

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Information ......................................................... 37 56 – – 87 6 2 5

Financial activities ............................................. 37 50 1 ( ) 12 79 9 3 9

Finance and insurance .................................. 47 46 1 ( ) 7 89 4 2 5

Credit intermediation and related activities 47 48 – – 91 4 2 3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 48 42 – – 86 3 3 7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 7 64 – 29 47 24 7 22

Professional and business services .................. – 53 – 34 52 14 7 27

Professional and technical services .............. – 69 – 17 71 12 5 12

Administrative and waste services ................ 4 38 – 58 28 15 10 47

Education and health services ........................... 17 57 1 ( ) 26 60 14 6 20

Educational services ...................................... – 60 – 24 61 15 2 22

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 15 74 – – 83 – – 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 56 1 ( ) 26 60 14 7 20

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3 28 1 ( ) 69 20 11 9 60

Accommodation and food services ................ – 27 – 70 19 11 10 61

Other services ................................................... – 38 – 53 33 13 10 44

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8 47 1 ( ) 44 40 15 9 36

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 45 1 ( ) 48 37 15 9 39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 14 53 1 33 51 15 9 25

100 workers or more .............................................. 28 54 1 17 71 12 6 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 60 1 20 66 13 8 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 42 46 1 11 78 10 4 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 21 46 1 31 54 14 8 24

New England ..................................................... – 47 – 34 56 – – 25

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 22 46 1 31 54 15 7 24

South ..................................................................... 16 52 1 32 55 13 8 24

South Atlantic .................................................... 18 49 1 32 55 13 8 25

East South Central ............................................ – 58 – 28 58 13 7 22

West South Central ........................................... 13 53 1 ( ) 33 53 14 9 24

Midwest ................................................................. 18 51 1 30 58 11 9 23

East North Central ............................................. 18 51 1 30 57 12 9 22

West North Central ............................................ – 52 – 31 60 8 9 23

West ...................................................................... 15 51 1 34 49 16 5 29

Mountain ............................................................ 11 54 1 34 52 13 6 29

Pacific ................................................................ – 49 – 34 48 18 5 29

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 1.0 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.2 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.2 0.3 0.9 1.8 1.4 0.1 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 2.1 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.7 1.2 0.2 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.9 0.8 1.2 2.4 1.4 1.3 0.4 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 5.3 – – 4.9 5.1 – – 3.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.2 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.1 0.3 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.2 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.3 0.4 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 2.3 1.6 2.8 2.6 2.2 0.9 3.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.7 0.6 1.8 2.1 1.6 0.3 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.0 0.2 1.4

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.0 0.8 2.1 2.5 1.5 0.3 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 1.2 1.1 1.6 2.1 1.1 0.3 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 0.4 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.3 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.9 1.2 0.9 0.4 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 1.2 2.2 2.6 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.2 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.2 0.5 1.3 1.9 1.3 0.2 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 2.1 2.2 1.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 0.3 2.4

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.1 0.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.3 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.1 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.7 2.1 0.9 1.8 2.0 1.2 0.6 1.7

Retail trade .................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.4 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.5 0.9 1.2 2.7 4.4 – – 3.3

Utilities ........................................................... 2.2 – – – 2.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4 0.1 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 1.9 – – 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.6 0.1 1.4 2.1 1.4 0.6 1.2

Service ................................................................... 0.7 1.7 0.1 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.2 2.4

Protective service .............................................. – 4.9 – 5.1 4.9 2.7 4.6 5.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 1.3 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.6 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 1.6 0.3 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 1.6 0.2 1.7 1.7 0.8 0.6 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 1.9 – 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 3.1 – 3.0 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 2.3 – 1.8 2.2 1.7 0.6 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 1.4 0.1 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.2

Production ......................................................... 1.7 2.1 – – 2.2 1.0 0.8 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.1 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.9 1 ( ) 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.9 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.3 1.2 2.6 2.6 0.5 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 1.2 0.2 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 1.2 0.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.2 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 1.4 0.1 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.5 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.5 1 ( ) 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 2.4 – – 2.0 1.5 0.5 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.6 – – 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.8

Construction ...................................................... – 2.5 – 2.3 2.2 2.4 1.0 2.1

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.8 2.3 – – 1.5 1.2 0.4 1.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.9 0.1 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 2.3 – 1.8 1.8 2.2 0.9 1.8

Retail trade .................................................... 0.9 1.4 0.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.4 3.4 – – 4.6 3.3 1.3 2.8

Utilities ........................................................... 6.1 6.1 – – 2.3 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Information ......................................................... 2.9 2.3 0.7 1.1 2.2 – – 1.4

Financial activities ............................................. 2.0 1.6 0.5 1.1 1.6 0.9 0.2 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.6 0.7 0.8 1.6 1.9 0.8 0.7 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.8 5.0 1.9 4.1 5.1 – – 4.1

Professional and business services .................. 3.0 1.7 1.3 2.2 2.4 1.5 0.5 2.1

Professional and technical services .............. 4.1 2.6 1.4 2.4 3.7 – – 2.9

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.1 1.9 2.7 3.7 2.9 1.9 0.9 2.9

Education and health services ........................... 2.8 1.3 0.8 2.2 2.4 1.2 0.2 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 4.0 1.8 1.0 2.8 3.0 – – 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 – – 1.6 2.1 – – 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 1.4 0.9 2.5 2.8 1.4 0.2 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.7 1.3 1.8 3.2 2.0 – – 2.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.0 1.4 2.0 3.9 2.2 – – 3.0

Other services ................................................... 3.2 2.1 2.4 3.5 3.1 1.8 0.9 3.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 0.7 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.4 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 1.1 1.5 2.6 3.0 1.2 0.3 2.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.4 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.7 0.2 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.3 – – 2.0 2.1 1.2 0.6 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.5 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.1 1.0

South ..................................................................... 2.0 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.6 0.8 0.3 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 1.1 0.7 1.6 2.0 1.0 0.2 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 2.7 2.7 1.7 1.8 3.3 0.6 4.0

West South Central ........................................... 4.9 1.2 1.9 3.1 3.8 1.0 0.8 3.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.5 1.2 2.2 2.0 0.8 0.2 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 0.6 1.7 2.6 1.8 1.0 0.2 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 4.0 0.7 0.5 4.4 5.1 1.4 0.2 4.4

West ...................................................................... 1.6 1.1 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.3 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.2 1.9 1.2 2.6 2.0 1.7 0.3 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 1.3 0.9 1.8 1.7 1.3 0.4 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Information ......................................................... 4.4 4.2 – – 3.0 2.4 0.7 1.1

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 2.2 0.1 1.2 2.0 1.6 0.5 1.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.2 2.0 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.1 3.2 – – 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.4 2.2 – – 1.6 0.7 0.8 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.6 4.5 – 4.1 5.6 5.0 1.9 4.1

Professional and business services .................. – 2.2 – 2.2 2.7 1.6 1.3 2.2

Professional and technical services .............. – 3.5 – 2.9 4.1 2.7 1.4 2.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.7 3.3 – 3.0 3.0 1.7 2.7 3.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 2.0 0.1 2.4 2.6 1.6 0.8 2.2

Educational services ...................................... – 3.0 – 2.7 3.9 2.2 0.9 2.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.9 – – 2.0 – – 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 2.3 0.2 2.7 2.9 1.8 0.9 2.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.8 2.1 0.1 2.5 2.4 1.4 1.8 3.2

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2.6 – 3.0 2.7 1.6 2.0 3.9

Other services ................................................... – 3.6 – 3.3 3.2 2.1 2.3 3.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.6 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 2.7 0.4 2.8 2.9 1.3 1.4 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.5 0.2 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.7 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.8 0.1 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.6 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.2 0.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2

New England ..................................................... – 2.7 – 2.2 2.0 – – 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.3 0.3 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.3

South ..................................................................... 0.8 1.5 0.1 1.8 1.9 1.1 0.8 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.4 1 ( ) 1.9 2.4 1.9 0.7 1.6

East South Central ............................................ – 3.3 – 3.9 3.4 1.8 2.7 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 3.9 0.1 4.2 4.4 1.1 1.9 3.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.4 0.1 1.9 1.5 0.9 1.2 2.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.7 0.2 2.0 1.7 1.0 1.8 2.6

West North Central ............................................ – 2.1 – 4.3 2.8 1.9 0.5 4.5

West ...................................................................... 1.2 2.1 0.2 1.4 1.9 1.4 0.7 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 0.7 3.0 0.2 2.9 2.4 2.0 1.2 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ – 2.7 – 1.6 2.5 1.8 0.8 1.9

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 38 34 60 71 70 81 83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 55 51 79 86 89 93 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 61 56 88 96 95 98 98

Professional and related .................................... 52 49 74 81 87 91 91

Service ................................................................... 20 18 35 42 46 61 63

Protective service .............................................. 26 24 39 53 52 68 71

Sales and office ..................................................... 42 38 66 76 74 83 85

Sales and related ............................................... 35 32 56 66 64 76 80

Office and administrative support ...................... 47 43 73 82 80 87 89

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 29 25 53 72 62 81 84

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 16 14 38 55 46 69 75

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 40 34 67 88 76 92 93

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 32 26 58 78 67 83 86

Production ......................................................... 33 23 56 85 68 88 91

Transportation and material moving .................. 31 28 59 71 66 78 81

Full time ................................................................. 47 42 74 88 82 93 94

Part time ................................................................ 14 12 23 28 37 48 52

Union ..................................................................... 49 44 74 86 83 91 92

Nonunion ............................................................... 37 33 59 70 69 80 82

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 18 15 33 42 43 58 62

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 9 8 23 31 30 46 51

Second 25 percent ............................................ 38 34 63 77 72 85 87

Third 25 percent ................................................ 46 41 72 85 82 91 92

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 56 52 82 90 91 95 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 58 55 85 90 93 95 95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 34 27 61 84 71 89 92

Construction ...................................................... 17 15 43 61 50 73 79

Manufacturing .................................................... 42 32 69 95 80 97 98

Service-providing industries .................................. 39 36 60 69 70 79 81

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 37 33 63 75 71 83 85

Wholesale trade ............................................. 40 36 76 89 82 91 93

Retail trade .................................................... 33 29 55 67 65 77 81

Transportation and warehousing ................... 43 40 73 84 77 88 89

Utilities ........................................................... 60 56 91 98 96 100 100

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

Information ......................................................... 80 76 91 95 96 97 98

Financial activities ............................................. 61 57 87 93 94 96 96

Finance and insurance .................................. 68 64 90 97 97 98 98

Credit intermediation and related activities 63 61 93 97 97 99 99

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 75 67 86 96 96 98 98

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 38 36 78 81 84 90 88

Professional and business services .................. 38 34 62 72 69 78 82

Professional and technical services .............. 47 44 80 89 86 92 93

Administrative and waste services ................ 20 18 38 50 45 59 67

Education and health services ........................... 50 47 68 76 82 88 90

Educational services ...................................... 31 43 53 53 81 83 80

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 41 45 70 71 88 90 87

Health care and social assistance ................. 53 47 71 80 82 89 91

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 11 11 25 28 35 51 49

Accommodation and food services ................ 10 10 22 26 33 50 48

Other services ................................................... 28 24 52 60 63 75 74

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 24 51 62 60 74 76

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 22 49 61 58 72 74

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 32 29 55 65 65 79 82

100 workers or more .............................................. 52 47 72 83 82 89 90

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 47 41 68 80 79 87 89

500 workers or more .......................................... 60 55 79 87 88 92 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 46 42 64 72 75 82 83

New England ..................................................... 37 32 60 68 74 80 81

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 49 46 65 74 75 82 83

South ..................................................................... 38 34 60 73 68 81 85

South Atlantic .................................................... 39 36 60 73 67 81 85

East South Central ............................................ 32 28 61 75 67 83 86

West South Central ........................................... 37 33 61 73 69 82 85

Midwest ................................................................. 35 30 58 72 67 80 82

East North Central ............................................. 35 30 58 72 67 80 82

West North Central ............................................ 36 30 59 71 67 78 81

West ...................................................................... 34 32 60 67 72 80 79

Mountain ............................................................ 37 35 57 68 65 76 79

Pacific ................................................................ 33 31 61 67 76 82 79

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 6.2 5.9 6.7 7.5 7.9 7.4 6.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.9 2.4 3.0 2.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.2 1.4 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.1 1.3

Production ......................................................... 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 1.7 2.5 2.0 2.3 1.4 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.8

Construction ...................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.9 2.6 2.4 2.5 1.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.7 2.1 2.1 0.8 1.9 0.5 0.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.8 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 2.1 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.1 1.6

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.6 2.4 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.1

Utilities ........................................................... 5.4 5.6 3.4 1.2 2.0 0.3 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

Information ......................................................... 2.8 2.9 1.9 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.8

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 2.2 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.9 2.0 1.9 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.0 3.8 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.5

Professional and business services .................. 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.0

Professional and technical services .............. 4.1 3.7 2.5 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.7 2.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 4.2 3.9

Education and health services ........................... 2.6 2.2 2.4 1.9 2.5 1.7 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 2.2 2.9 2.9 2.0 2.0 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.1 2.9 1.9 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.8 1.7 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.9

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.7 1.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.6

Other services ................................................... 2.9 2.6 3.2 2.8 4.2 3.4 3.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.7 3.0 2.4 1.8 3.2 2.4 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.3 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 2.3 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.7 4.1

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.1

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 2.7 5.7 4.8 5.4 4.7 4.2

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 2.9 2.7 1.9 1.0 2.8 2.5 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.7 2.3

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
State and Local Government Tables 

Types of Benefits: 

・ Retirement benefits

・ Healthcare benefits

・ Life, short-term, and long-term disability insurance benefits

・ Paid leave benefits

・ Other benefits (Quality of life, financial, health-related, nonproduction

bonuses, and unmarried domestic partner)

・ Benefit combinations (Medical care and paid leave)
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation3 Take-up

rate3 Access Participation3 Take-uprate3 Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 90 81 90 85 75 88 33 15 46

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 81 89 87 75 87 34 15 45

Professional and related .................................... 92 81 89 87 76 87 33 14 43

Teachers ........................................................ 91 80 88 88 76 86 32 12 38

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 88 89 99 87 88 28 8 29

Service ................................................................... 86 78 90 79 71 90 30 13 44

Protective service .............................................. 92 85 92 86 79 92 33 14 43

Sales and office ..................................................... 91 82 90 85 76 89 36 17 48

Office and administrative support ...................... 92 83 90 86 77 89 36 17 47

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 97 91 94 90 83 92 35 20 57

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 85 78 91 78 72 91 26 11 42

Full time ................................................................. 99 89 90 93 82 88 37 17 46

Part time ................................................................ 40 34 85 37 32 87 10 4 36

Union ..................................................................... 97 87 89 95 84 88 33 12 35

Nonunion ............................................................... 84 76 90 76 67 89 33 18 55

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 76 68 89 70 62 89 27 13 46

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 63 55 87 57 49 87 20 9 47

Second 25 percent ............................................ 93 84 90 87 77 89 33 16 47

Third 25 percent ................................................ 95 86 91 89 79 89 36 17 48

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 98 87 89 94 82 87 36 15 42

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 97 84 86 91 76 83 42 17 39

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 90 81 90 85 75 88 33 15 46

Education and health services ........................... 92 81 88 86 74 86 33 14 42

Educational services ...................................... 92 81 88 89 77 86 29 11 38

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 92 82 89 92 81 88 23 7 28

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 77 86 78 62 79 49 26 53

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 79 87 69 59 86 55 33 60

Hospitals .................................................... 94 79 84 69 58 83 57 35 61

Public administration ......................................... 91 83 92 87 79 91 34 16 46

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 80 72 91 70 62 88 28 17 60

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 66 91 62 55 88 24 14 58

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 90 81 90 82 72 89 34 21 61

100 workers or more .............................................. 92 82 90 87 77 88 34 15 44

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 88 81 92 81 74 91 31 15 50

500 workers or more .......................................... 93 83 89 89 78 87 35 15 42

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation3 Take-up

rate3 Access Participation3 Take-uprate3 Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 94 84 90 87 75 86 44 21 49

Local government .................................................. 89 80 90 84 75 89 29 13 44

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 91 82 90 87 77 89 30 8 25

New England ..................................................... 85 81 95 82 77 95 – 9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 82 88 88 77 87 36 7 19

South ..................................................................... 92 82 89 86 76 88 37 16 44

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 81 89 88 76 87 50 18 37

East South Central ............................................ 95 83 87 87 76 87 27 – –

West South Central ........................................... 92 83 91 83 75 91 20 14 69

Midwest ................................................................. 87 77 89 79 68 86 40 16 41

East North Central ............................................. 85 78 91 79 71 90 44 14 32

West North Central ............................................ 91 77 85 79 62 78 33 20 59

West ...................................................................... 91 83 91 86 78 91 22 18 82

Mountain ............................................................ 88 77 88 83 71 86 24 16 65

Pacific ................................................................ 92 86 93 88 81 92 22 19 90

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in

at least one of these plan types. 3 The 2014 estimates are not strictly comparable to corresponding estimates in previous years. See technical note for more information. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation3 Take-up

rate3 Access Participation3 Take-uprate3 Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.2 2.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.4 2.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.9 1.4 2.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 2.0 1.4 3.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.1 1.0 2.1 1.2 3.1

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.7 1.8 1.0 1.9 1.2 3.3

Protective service .............................................. 1.1 1.3 1.0 2.1 2.1 1.1 3.0 1.9 5.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.6 0.8 1.9 1.8 1.5 2.6 2.2 4.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 2.6 2.2 4.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.9 1.1 2.4 2.5 1.3 3.8 2.7 4.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.8 4.4 1.8 4.9 4.5 1.8 3.9 2.4 6.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.3 2.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.1 0.5 3.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.0 2.2 1.9 3.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 2.1 1.3 2.9

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.8 0.9 2.0 2.1 0.9 2.4 1.5 3.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.1 3.3 1.7 3.6 3.8 1.8 2.6 1.7 5.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.3 1.8 3.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.7 1.4 2.4 1.8 3.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.8 1.4 2.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 1.2 1.1 2.0 2.3 2.0 2.7 2.3 4.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.2 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 2.0 1.4 2.6

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.1 2.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.0 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 2.3 2.1 3.0 2.5 4.7 4.1 2.8 3.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.3 1.8 1.6 4.0 3.8 4.6 4.4 3.6 4.1

Hospitals .................................................... 1.6 2.1 1.9 5.0 4.3 6.3 5.0 4.6 4.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.7 0.9 2.7 2.0 4.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.9 3.0 1.6 3.6 3.5 1.8 3.7 2.6 5.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.4 4.6 2.4 4.8 4.8 2.9 3.9 3.2 7.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 2.3 2.3 2.6 3.1 2.5 6.6 4.6 7.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.2 2.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.9 1.9 1.0 2.6 2.0 4.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.9 1.3 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation3 Take-up

rate3 Access Participation3 Take-uprate3 Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.7 2.4 3.2 3.3 2.8 4.7

Local government .................................................. 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.6 1.0 2.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.2 3.1

New England ..................................................... 2.8 4.1 2.3 5.0 6.1 2.1 – 2.9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.9 1.2 2.8

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 3.0 1.3 3.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.7 4.4 1.4 2.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 3.9 3.8 4.1 3.7 4.1 7.3 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 2.6 1.5 2.1 2.6 1.5 1.9 2.1 6.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.9 1.2 2.7 2.8 3.6 3.6 3.0 5.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 2.4 1.0 2.9 2.8 1.3 3.9 3.4 6.3

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 2.9 2.3 5.1 5.4 7.7 7.2 5.3 7.4

West ...................................................................... 0.8 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.0 4.1 4.0 3.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 2.2 1.7 2.9 3.4 1.9 5.4 4.2 6.5

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.6 2.2 1.3 5.3 5.2 2.7

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in

at least one of these plan types. 3 The 2014 estimates are not strictly comparable to corresponding estimates in previous years. See technical note for more information. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 27 57 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 29 58 5

Professional and related .................................... 28 59 5

Teachers ........................................................ 28 60 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 27 71 –

Service ................................................................... 23 56 7

Protective service .............................................. 27 58 6

Sales and office ..................................................... 29 56 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 29 57 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 29 62 6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 19 60 7

Full time ................................................................. 31 62 6

Part time ................................................................ 7 30 3

Union ..................................................................... 31 64 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 51 9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 20 49 7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 14 43 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 27 60 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 30 59 6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 32 62 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 36 55 6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 27 57 6

Education and health services ........................... 27 59 5

Educational services ...................................... 26 62 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 23 69 1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 38 40 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 33 36 22

Hospitals .................................................... 32 37 25

Public administration ......................................... 30 57 4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 19 51 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 14 48 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 26 56 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 29 58 5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 58 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 30 58 4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

State government .................................................. 37 50 7

Local government .................................................. 24 60 5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 25 61 4

New England ..................................................... 8 73 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 32 57 4

South ..................................................................... 31 55 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 47 40 3

East South Central ............................................ – 68 –

West South Central ........................................... 11 72 9

Midwest ................................................................. 32 47 8

East North Central ............................................. 39 41 6

West North Central ............................................ – 58 –

West ...................................................................... 17 69 5

Mountain ............................................................ 18 64 6

Pacific ................................................................ – 71 5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 1.7 1.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.9 1.9 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.8 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 1.9 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.1 –

Service ................................................................... 1.7 2.2 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 3.1 1.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.7 2.6 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.7 2.6 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 3.9 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.2 4.3 2.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 1.9 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 2.0 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 3.0 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 4.5 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 2.4 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.4 2.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.8 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.7 2.7 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.7 1.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 1.9 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 1.8 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.9 1.8 0.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.5 3.8 2.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.2 4.5 3.4

Hospitals .................................................... 4.8 5.5 4.5

Public administration ......................................... 2.6 2.6 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.9 4.9 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 5.2 2.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.2 5.8 2.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.8 1.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.4 2.7 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.9 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

State government .................................................. 3.8 3.3 1.6

Local government .................................................. 1.5 1.6 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 2.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... 1.6 5.1 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.1 2.8 0.7

South ..................................................................... 3.2 2.9 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.6 3.8 0.7

East South Central ............................................ – 7.5 –

West South Central ........................................... 2.1 1.9 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 3.6 3.7 2.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.6 4.3 1.9

West North Central ............................................ – 7.2 –

West ...................................................................... 4.2 4.0 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.1 6.2 2.7

Pacific ................................................................ – 5.0 1.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Defined benefit retirement plans:1 Employee contribution requirement and

method of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings2

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 89 78 7.1 7.0 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 90 80 7.1 7.0 10

Professional and related .................................... 91 81 7.2 7.1 9

Teachers ........................................................ 92 85 7.5 7.2 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 92 86 7.5 7.2 8

Service ................................................................... 90 75 7.4 7.0 10

Protective service .............................................. 91 77 7.8 8.0 9

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 76 6.7 6.9 12

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 76 6.8 7.0 12

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 90 75 6.2 6.1 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 85 67 6.8 6.9 15

Full time ................................................................. 89 78 7.0 7.0 11

Part time ................................................................ 88 70 7.4 7.0 12

Union ..................................................................... 90 69 7.2 7.0 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 89 87 6.9 7.0 11

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 88 82 6.8 6.8 12

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 89 84 7.2 7.2 11

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 76 6.9 7.0 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 90 77 6.9 6.8 10

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 90 76 7.6 7.2 10

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 75 7.9 7.5 7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 89 78 7.1 7.0 11

Education and health services ........................... 91 81 7.2 7.0 9

Educational services ...................................... 92 84 7.2 7.0 8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 92 84 7.3 7.0 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 93 84 7.3 7.2 7

Health care and social assistance ................. 75 59 6.6 6.3 25

Hospitals .................................................... 71 52 7.2 7.5 29

Public administration ......................................... 87 72 6.9 7.0 13

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 88 78 7.0 6.6 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 92 77 6.6 6.2 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 90 78 7.1 7.0 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 86 77 7.3 7.0 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 78 7.0 7.0 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Defined benefit retirement plans:1 Employee contribution requirement and

method of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings2

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

State government .................................................. 90 73 6.8 7.0 10

Local government .................................................. 89 79 7.1 7.0 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 97 57 6.7 7.0 3

New England ..................................................... 98 59 7.2 7.3 2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 96 57 6.6 7.0 4

South ..................................................................... 92 92 6.3 6.7 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 94 92 5.2 6.0 6

East South Central ............................................ 89 88 7.9 8.5 11

West South Central ........................................... 93 92 7.2 7.2 7

Midwest ................................................................. 88 80 7.8 7.0 12

East North Central ............................................. 85 73 8.4 9.4 15

West North Central ............................................ 95 95 7.0 6.0 5

West ...................................................................... 80 69 8.3 8.0 20

Pacific ................................................................ 79 65 7.6 7.4 21

1 The 2014 estimates are not strictly comparable to corresponding estimates in previous years. See technical note for more

information. 2 The employee contributes a fixed percentage of his or her earnings to the retirement plan. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage

data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans:1 Employee contribution

requirement and method of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings2

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.7 0.1 0.0 1.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.8 0.1 3 ( ) 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.7 0.1 0.1 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 1.7 0.1 3 ( ) 1.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 1.8 0.1 3 ( ) 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.4 2.0 0.1 0.2 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 2.6 0.2 0.2 1.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.3 2.7 0.2 0.2 2.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.3 2.7 0.2 0.1 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 2.5 0.2 0.2 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.0 3.5 0.2 0.2 3.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 1.6 0.1 0.0 1.4

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 3.5 0.2 0.0 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.2 0.1 0.0 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.5 0.2 0.2 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 2.1 0.3 0.3 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 2.8 0.4 0.4 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 2.1 0.1 3 ( ) 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 2.2 0.2 0.2 2.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.9 0.1 0.1 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 2.0 0.1 0.3 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.7 0.1 0.0 1.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.6 0.1 0.1 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.5 0.1 0.1 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 1.7 0.1 0.1 1.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.8 0.2 0.2 2.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.6 4.6 0.2 1.0 4.6

Hospitals .................................................... 6.0 6.2 0.4 0.9 6.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.4 2.5 0.2 3 ( ) 2.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.1 4.2 0.5 0.6 3.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.2 4.3 0.4 0.6 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.6 0.1 3 ( ) 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.6 3.0 0.2 0.1 2.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.4 0.1 0.0 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans:1 Employee contribution

requirement and method of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings2

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

State government .................................................. 2.7 2.8 0.2 0.2 2.7

Local government .................................................. 1.3 1.7 0.1 0.0 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 2.8 0.1 0.1 0.8

New England ..................................................... 0.8 7.1 0.2 0.4 0.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 2.8 0.1 0.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.4 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.5 0.2 1.2 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 3.3 0.4 1.1 3.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 2.6 0.1 0.0 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 2.7 0.3 0.2 2.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.6 4.3 0.2 0.5 3.6

West North Central ............................................ 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.1 1.5

West ...................................................................... 5.4 5.5 0.3 3 ( ) 5.4

Pacific ................................................................ 6.1 5.8 0.1 0.4 6.1

1 The 2014 estimates are not strictly comparable to corresponding estimates in previous years. See technical note for more

information. 2 The employee contributes a fixed percentage of his or her earnings to the retirement plan. 3 Less than 0.05. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage

data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, State

and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 41 59 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 40 60 – –

Professional and related .................................... 40 60 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 41 59 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 40 59 – –

Service ................................................................... 42 58 – –

Protective service .............................................. 45 55 – 4 ( )

Sales and office ..................................................... 40 60 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 40 60 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 43 57 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 42 58 – –

Full time ................................................................. 41 59 – –

Part time ................................................................ 39 60 – –

Union ..................................................................... 36 64 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 46 54 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 45 55 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 39 60 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 44 56 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 39 61 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 37 63 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 31 68 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 41 59 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 40 60 – –

Educational services ...................................... 39 61 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 40 60 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 36 64 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 45 55 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 48 52 – –

Public administration ......................................... 41 59 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 49 51 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 51 49 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 48 52 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 40 60 4 ( ) 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 42 58 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 39 61 4 ( ) 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard freeze plans, State

and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

State government .................................................. 37 63 – –

Local government .................................................. 42 58 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 24 75 1 –

New England ..................................................... 32 66 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 21 78 – –

South ..................................................................... 44 56 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 51 49 – –

East South Central ............................................ 35 65 – –

West South Central ........................................... 37 63 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 53 47 – 4 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 51 48 – 1

West North Central ............................................ 55 45 – –

West ...................................................................... 37 63 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 40 60 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 37 63 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 1.3 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4 – –

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.5 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.9 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 2.0 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 2.3 – 4 ( )

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.2 2.2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.1 2.0 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.6 3.6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.7 3.7 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.3 – –

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 2.4 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 – –

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.0 2.0 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.2 2.2 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.4 3.4 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.8 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 1.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.1 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.3 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.5 – –

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.5 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.1 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.3 3.3 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.5 4.5 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.5 3.5 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.0 6.0 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 3.1 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.3 0.1 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.4 2.4 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 4 ( ) 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

freeze plans, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft freeze2

All Hard freeze3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

State government .................................................. 1.9 1.9 – –

Local government .................................................. 1.5 1.5 0.1 4 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.5 0.3 –

New England ..................................................... 4.1 3.6 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.6 – –

South ..................................................................... 2.6 2.6 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.5 4.5 – –

East South Central ............................................ 3.6 3.6 – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.1 3.1 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 2.4 – 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 3.1 3.0 – 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 4.2 4.2 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.3 2.3 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 4.8 4.8 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.6 2.6 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Less than 0.05. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – 54 –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 55 –

Professional and related .................................... – 55 –

Teachers ........................................................ – 54 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 52 –

Service ................................................................... – 50 –

Protective service .............................................. – 56 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 57 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 57 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 56 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 44 56

Full time ................................................................. – 53 –

Part time ................................................................ – 60 –

Union ..................................................................... – 56 –

Nonunion ............................................................... – 51 –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 52 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 53

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 58 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 54 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 52 48

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 55 45

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 54 –

Education and health services ........................... – 53 –

Educational services ...................................... – 54 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 53 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 60 40

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 50

Hospitals .................................................... – 50 50

Public administration ......................................... – 56 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 50 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 49

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 52 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 54 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 51 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 55 45

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

State government .................................................. – 53 47

Local government .................................................. – 54 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 36 64

New England ..................................................... – 65 35

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 26 74

South ..................................................................... – 52 48

South Atlantic .................................................... – 73 27

East South Central ............................................ – 55 45

West South Central ........................................... – 21 79

Midwest ................................................................. – 65 –

East North Central ............................................. – 70 30

West ...................................................................... – 68 32

Mountain ............................................................ – 57 43

Pacific ................................................................ – 71 29

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2015 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2011 and 2014 are included in

the "2 to 5 year" column and plans frozen before 2011 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – 2.4 –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 2.6 –

Professional and related .................................... – 2.6 –

Teachers ........................................................ – 3.1 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.2 –

Service ................................................................... – 2.8 –

Protective service .............................................. – 3.6 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 3.1 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 3.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 4.1 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 4.5 4.5

Full time ................................................................. – 2.4 –

Part time ................................................................ – 4.3 –

Union ..................................................................... – 2.7 –

Nonunion ............................................................... – 3.1 –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.9 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 5.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 2.9 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 2.8 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 2.6 2.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 4.0 4.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 2.3 –

Education and health services ........................... – 2.4 –

Educational services ...................................... – 2.5 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.8 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.9 3.9

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 4.3

Hospitals .................................................... – 4.4 4.4

Public administration ......................................... – 3.2 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 8.2 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 6.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 11.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 2.1 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 4.0 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.1 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

State government .................................................. – 3.3 3.3

Local government .................................................. – 2.6 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 3.1 3.1

New England ..................................................... – 4.2 4.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.5 3.5

South ..................................................................... – 3.6 3.6

South Atlantic .................................................... – 4.5 4.5

East South Central ............................................ – 11.2 11.2

West South Central ........................................... – 1.8 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. – 7.8 –

East North Central ............................................. – 6.6 6.6

West ...................................................................... – 5.4 5.4

Mountain ............................................................ – 11.5 11.5

Pacific ................................................................ – 6.4 6.4

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2015 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2011 and 2014 are included in

the "2 to 5 year" column and plans frozen before 2011 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local government workers, March

2016

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 100 94 6 – 17 –

Professional and related .................................... – 100 94 6 – 16 –

Teachers ........................................................ – 100 96 4 – 17 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 100 96 4 – 17 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 100 93 7 – 18 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 100 93 7 – 18 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 100 86 10 – 14 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 100 90 7 – 21 –

Part time ................................................................ – 100 96 4 – 13 –

Union ..................................................................... – 100 95 5 – 20 –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 100 92 7 – 18 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 100 94 6 – 15 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 100 96 4 – 17 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 100 96 3 – 22 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries:

Education and health services ......................... – 100 95 5 – 16 –

Educational services ...................................... – 100 95 5 – 16 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 100 96 4 – 18 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 100 93 6 – 12 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – 100 92 8 – 10 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 100 93 7 – 4 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 100 89 – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 100 92 – – – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 100 86 – – – –

100 workers or more:

100 to 499 workers .......................................... – 100 90 9 – 17 –

State government .................................................. – 100 90 10 – 16 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 100 97 3 – 23 –

New England ..................................................... – 100 96 4 – 4 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 100 97 3 – 29 –

South:

 East South Central ............................................ – 100 89 – – – –

West South Central ........................................... – 100 95 – – – –

Midwest ................................................................. – 100 94 5 – 15 –

East North Central ............................................. – 100 97 – – 22 –

West North Central ............................................ – 100 88 – – – –

West ...................................................................... – 100 93 7 – 7 –

Mountain ............................................................ – 100 94 – – – –

Pacific ................................................................ – 100 92 – – – –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local

government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 0.0 1.0 1.0 – 1.8 –

Professional and related .................................... – 0.0 1.0 1.0 – 1.7 –

Teachers ........................................................ – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.9 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 0.0 0.8 0.8 – 2.0 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 0.0 1.5 1.5 – 2.2 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 0.0 1.5 1.5 – 2.2 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 0.0 2.1 2.1 – 2.4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 0.0 3.1 2.5 – 4.3 –

Part time ................................................................ – 0.0 1.6 1.6 – 3.0 –

Union ..................................................................... – 0.0 1.1 1.1 – 1.7 –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 0.0 1.4 1.4 – 2.9 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 0.0 1.4 1.4 – 3.0 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 0.0 0.6 0.6 – 1.6 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 0.0 0.8 0.8 – 3.1 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries:

Education and health services ......................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.6 –

Educational services ...................................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.7 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 0.0 0.7 0.7 – 1.8 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 0.0 2.7 2.7 – 2.9 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – 0.0 1.8 1.8 – 2.2 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 0.0 1.1 1.1 – 0.7 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 0.0 3.7 – – – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 0.0 4.6 – – – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 0.0 4.6 – – – –

100 workers or more:

100 to 499 workers .......................................... – 0.0 1.6 1.6 – 2.9 –

State government .................................................. – 0.0 2.5 2.5 – 3.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

No

alternative to

frozen plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Other

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 0.0 0.7 0.7 – 2.5 –

New England ..................................................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 1.7 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 – 3.0 –

South:

 East South Central ............................................ – 0.0 7.2 – – – –

West South Central ........................................... – 0.0 2.2 – – – –

Midwest ................................................................. – 0.0 2.1 2.1 – 4.0 –

East North Central ............................................. – 0.0 1.1 – – 5.9 –

West North Central ............................................ – 0.0 5.8 – – – –

West ...................................................................... – 0.0 2.7 2.7 – 2.8 –

Mountain ............................................................ – 0.0 5.3 – – – –

Pacific ................................................................ – 0.0 3.1 – – – –

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, State and

local government workers, March 2016

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 61 39 83 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 62 38 83 17

Professional and related .................................... 63 37 82 18

Teachers ........................................................ 61 39 82 18

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 50 50 – –

Service ................................................................... 62 38 82 18

Protective service .............................................. 72 28 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 60 40 89 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 60 40 88 12

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 62 38 74 26

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 54 46 – –

Full time ................................................................. 61 39 83 17

Part time ................................................................ 65 35 – –

Union ..................................................................... 58 42 80 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 63 37 85 15

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 59 41 84 16

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 57 43 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 62 38 83 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 56 44 78 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 32 87 13

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 75 25 89 11

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 61 39 84 16

Education and health services ........................... 62 38 79 21

Educational services ...................................... 62 38 80 20

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 52 48 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 72 28 81 19

Health care and social assistance ................. 61 39 79 21

Hospitals .................................................... 65 35 77 23

Public administration ......................................... 61 39 88 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 44 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 37 63 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 62 38 82 18

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 60 40 89 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 37 80 20

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, State and

local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

State government .................................................. 66 34 84 16

Local government .................................................. 59 41 83 17

Geographic areas

South ..................................................................... 69 31 81 19

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 33 – –

East South Central ............................................ 60 40 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 59 41 83 17

East North Central ............................................. 48 52 81 19

West ...................................................................... 45 55 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 46 54 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 44 56 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 4.5 4.5 2.4 2.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.9 4.9 3.0 3.0

Professional and related .................................... 5.1 5.1 3.5 3.5

Teachers ........................................................ 6.7 6.7 5.3 5.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 7.5 7.5 – –

Service ................................................................... 4.8 4.8 3.6 3.6

Protective service .............................................. 6.7 6.7 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 7.5 7.5 2.0 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 7.8 7.8 2.0 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7.3 7.3 6.9 6.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 8.6 8.6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 4.5 4.5 2.5 2.5

Part time ................................................................ 7.0 7.0 – –

Union ..................................................................... 8.9 8.9 5.0 5.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.6 3.6 2.4 2.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.1 5.1 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6.5 6.5 2.9 2.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6.7 6.7 4.7 4.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4.3 4.3 2.8 2.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.2 5.2 3.2 3.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 4.5 4.5 2.5 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 5.2 5.2 3.8 3.8

Educational services ...................................... 6.2 6.2 5.1 5.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 7.1 7.1 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8.0 8.0 5.7 5.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.5 5.5 3.7 3.7

Hospitals .................................................... 6.4 6.4 4.2 4.2

Public administration ......................................... 7.5 7.5 3.2 3.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6.5 6.5 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9.0 9.0 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 4.7 4.7 2.8 2.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6.2 6.2 2.6 2.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 4.9 4.9 3.5 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

State government .................................................. 7.6 7.6 4.1 4.1

Local government .................................................. 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.0

Geographic areas

South ..................................................................... 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 6.0 6.0 – –

East South Central ............................................ 10.8 10.8 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 8.8 8.8 3.7 3.7

East North Central ............................................. 6.6 6.6 3.5 3.5

West ...................................................................... 10.2 10.2 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 11.4 11.4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 13.1 13.1 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local

government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 88 79 89 88 73 83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 89 79 89 89 73 82

Professional and related .................................... 89 79 89 89 72 82

Teachers ........................................................ 89 79 89 88 72 82

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 98 87 89 98 80 82

Service ................................................................... 83 74 90 82 69 84

Protective service .............................................. 90 81 91 90 76 85

Sales and office ..................................................... 89 81 90 89 75 83

Office and administrative support ...................... 90 81 90 90 75 83

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 97 87 90 95 81 85

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 83 74 90 81 68 85

Full time ................................................................. 99 89 90 99 82 83

Part time ................................................................ 25 20 80 24 17 71

Union ..................................................................... 95 87 91 95 79 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 82 71 87 81 67 82

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 71 61 86 70 57 81

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 57 47 83 56 45 80

Second 25 percent ............................................ 92 82 90 91 77 84

Third 25 percent ................................................ 94 84 89 94 78 83

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 97 89 91 97 80 82

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 97 90 93 96 80 83

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 88 79 89 88 72 83

Education and health services ........................... 89 79 89 88 72 81

Educational services ...................................... 89 79 89 88 72 82

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 78 88 88 72 81

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 87 81 93 87 72 83

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 78 86 90 70 77

Hospitals .................................................... 94 83 89 94 73 78

Public administration ......................................... 88 80 91 88 76 86

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 77 66 86 76 63 83

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 70 60 87 69 57 84

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 88 75 86 88 72 82

100 workers or more .............................................. 90 80 90 89 74 83

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 85 76 89 85 70 82

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 82 90 91 75 83

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 58 49 85 38 32 84 86 71 83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 59 49 84 37 31 82 88 72 82

Professional and related .................................... 59 49 83 36 30 81 87 71 82

Teachers ........................................................ 58 48 84 35 28 82 87 71 82

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 64 53 83 37 31 82 96 79 82

Service ................................................................... 53 45 86 37 31 85 80 67 84

Protective service .............................................. 59 52 88 42 36 85 87 74 85

Sales and office ..................................................... 62 53 86 43 37 86 87 74 84

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 53 85 44 37 86 88 74 84

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 66 58 88 42 37 88 93 80 86

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 61 50 83 42 37 88 80 68 85

Full time ................................................................. 66 56 85 43 36 84 97 81 83

Part time ................................................................ 17 13 77 14 11 79 23 17 70

Union ..................................................................... 76 66 86 56 48 86 92 77 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 43 35 82 23 18 79 81 66 82

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 30 82 21 17 80 69 56 82

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23 18 80 11 8 73 56 45 80

Second 25 percent ............................................ 63 53 85 41 34 84 89 75 85

Third 25 percent ................................................ 62 52 85 40 34 86 92 77 83

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 73 63 86 53 44 84 95 78 82

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 76 66 87 56 48 86 95 79 83

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 58 49 85 38 32 84 86 71 83

Education and health services ........................... 57 47 84 34 28 82 87 71 81

Educational services ...................................... 56 47 84 34 28 82 87 71 82

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 56 46 82 34 28 82 87 70 81

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 56 49 88 34 27 82 87 72 83

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 52 84 38 31 82 88 68 77

Hospitals .................................................... 63 54 86 35 29 82 92 72 78

Public administration ......................................... 63 54 86 46 39 86 86 74 86

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 43 37 86 30 27 87 73 62 84

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 31 85 24 20 84 65 55 84

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 53 47 88 39 35 91 85 71 83

100 workers or more .............................................. 61 51 84 40 33 83 88 73 83

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 56 48 86 33 29 87 83 69 83

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 52 84 42 34 82 89 74 83

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 94 86 92 94 79 85

Local government .................................................. 86 76 88 86 70 82

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 88 80 91 88 74 84

New England ..................................................... 87 75 86 87 70 81

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 88 82 93 88 75 85

South ..................................................................... 91 80 87 91 76 84

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 79 88 90 74 83

East South Central ............................................ 95 87 91 95 85 90

West South Central ........................................... 91 76 84 90 74 82

Midwest ................................................................. 82 71 87 82 63 78

East North Central ............................................. 80 71 88 79 62 78

West North Central ............................................ 86 72 84 86 66 77

West ...................................................................... 89 84 94 89 75 84

Mountain ............................................................ 87 79 92 87 73 85

Pacific ................................................................ 90 85 95 90 75 84

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 62 54 87 43 36 84 91 78 85

Local government .................................................. 57 48 84 37 31 84 84 69 82

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 68 60 88 48 42 88 86 72 85

New England ..................................................... 57 48 84 21 16 79 83 66 80

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 64 90 58 52 89 87 75 86

South ..................................................................... 39 30 77 20 14 70 90 76 84

South Atlantic .................................................... 49 40 80 28 19 69 88 73 83

East South Central ............................................ 28 17 62 8 6 76 95 85 90

West South Central ........................................... 29 22 76 16 11 73 89 73 82

Midwest ................................................................. 63 54 86 34 30 87 77 60 78

East North Central ............................................. 66 56 85 47 42 88 79 62 79

West North Central ............................................ 57 49 87 13 10 78 74 58 77

West ...................................................................... 80 70 88 66 58 87 89 75 84

Mountain ............................................................ 71 64 89 – – – 87 73 85

Pacific ................................................................ 83 72 87 78 68 88 90 75 84

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.4 1.3 0.9

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.8 0.8 1.6 1.9 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.8 0.8 1.6 1.9 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.9 1.3 1.6 2.1 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.7 4.4 1.5 4.8 4.3 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 1.2 2.5 1.7 1.2 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.2 3.2 1.7 3.2 3.2 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 2.1 0.9 1.9 2.5 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.9 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.1 3.3 1.8 3.2 3.3 1.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.6 4.5 2.4 4.8 4.3 2.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 2.7 2.3 1.9 2.8 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.7 0.9 1.6 1.7 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.5 0.9 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 1.9 1.2 2.2 1.9 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 0.9

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 2.8 1.1 3.2 2.9 2.4 1.7 1.7 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.4 2.3 1.3 2.5 2.3 1.3 1.9 2.2 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.4 2.3 1.4 2.4 2.2 1.3 1.9 2.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.1 3.8 1.5 3.4 3.2 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.4 3.9 2.0 4.4 4.0 1.9 4.7 4.3 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 1.7 1.5 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.0 2.1 1.3 1.0 3.1 1.7 1.2 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.7 1.7 1.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 2.1 2.5 1.5 1.3 4.2 3.2 3.2 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 2.1 0.9 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.2 2.0 1.1 2.1 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.4 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.3 0.7 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.9 1.0 2.4 2.2 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.3 4.1 1.4 3.7 3.3 3.1 1.9 2.6 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.4 3.0 1.6 4.1 3.3 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.5

Hospitals .................................................... 5.0 4.5 1.6 5.4 4.3 2.9 2.0 2.4 1.8

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 2.2 0.9 2.3 2.1 1.2 1.8 1.7 0.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.0 3.6 1.9 3.9 3.5 2.0 3.6 3.5 1.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.8 4.4 2.5 3.9 3.3 3.3 5.3 4.5 2.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.1 6.3 2.7 6.7 6.2 1.6 2.3 2.9 2.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.9 2.6 1.2 2.3 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.6 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.9 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.1

Local government .................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.1

New England ..................................................... 3.1 3.0 2.0 3.1 3.2 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 2.3 1.0 1.7 1.9 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 1.6 2.6 2.1 1.6 2.5 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 2.0 1.1 2.0 1.6 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 2.5 1.1 2.8 1.9 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 3.2 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.3

West ...................................................................... 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 2.0 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 3.6 3.4 1.2 2.9 2.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.1

Local government .................................................. 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.5 2.6 0.9 3.0 3.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.0

New England ..................................................... 3.8 3.7 2.0 4.3 3.7 4.4 3.3 3.4 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.2 3.3 1.0 3.8 3.7 1.0 1.9 2.0 1.3

South ..................................................................... 2.5 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.1 2.3 1.1 1.2 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.0 3.5 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.7 1.9 1.6 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 6.0 2.8 10.0 2.2 1.6 6.3 1.6 2.5 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.7 2.4 4.8 2.6 2.0 5.0 1.6 2.0 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 3.5 3.1 1.1 2.7 2.5 1.4 2.9 2.5 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 2.3 1.3 3.8 3.6 1.5 2.6 1.7 1.2

West North Central ............................................ 8.5 7.5 1.9 2.5 2.3 3.6 6.5 6.2 2.3

West ...................................................................... 2.4 2.4 0.8 4.5 3.9 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 5.7 5.5 1.9 – – – 1.7 2.1 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 2.3 0.9 2.3 2.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits; and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, State and local government workers, March 2016

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 87 13 71 29

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 13 69 31

Professional and related .................................... 87 13 68 32

Teachers ........................................................ 87 13 67 33

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 86 14 66 34

Service ................................................................... 88 12 74 26

Protective service .............................................. 88 12 78 22

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 12 73 27

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 12 73 27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 86 14 74 26

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 84 16 67 33

Full time ................................................................. 87 13 71 29

Part time ................................................................ 85 15 70 30

Union ..................................................................... 87 13 78 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 87 13 64 36

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 87 13 65 35

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 88 12 58 42

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 12 73 27

Third 25 percent ................................................ 88 12 71 29

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 86 14 73 27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 87 13 77 23

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 87 13 71 29

Education and health services ........................... 87 13 67 33

Educational services ...................................... 86 14 66 34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 86 14 64 36

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 12 70 30

Health care and social assistance ................. 88 12 74 26

Hospitals .................................................... 88 12 73 27

Public administration ......................................... 87 13 77 23

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 91 9 73 27

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 91 9 74 26

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 91 9 71 29

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 13 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 86 14 70 30

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 13 71 29

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

State government .................................................. 87 13 74 26

Local government .................................................. 87 13 69 31

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 85 15 82 18

New England ..................................................... 82 18 79 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 87 13 84 16

South ..................................................................... 87 13 60 40

South Atlantic .................................................... 88 12 68 32

East South Central ............................................ 87 13 49 51

West South Central ........................................... 85 15 55 45

Midwest ................................................................. 87 13 76 24

East North Central ............................................. 86 14 78 22

West North Central ............................................ 89 11 74 26

West ...................................................................... 88 12 75 25

Mountain ............................................................ 89 11 67 33

Pacific ................................................................ 88 12 78 22

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, State and local government workers, March

2016

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 0.9 1.4 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.9

Public administration ......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 0.9 2.6 2.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 1.4 4.5 4.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.8 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

State government .................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5

Local government .................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

New England ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.8 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 2.2 2.2 2.9 2.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 2.5 1.9 1.9

West ...................................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $516.48 24 $554.12 76 $504.38 $109.74

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 518.31 24 553.65 76 507.07 111.56

Professional and related .................................... 100 517.44 24 555.71 76 505.39 114.58

Teachers ........................................................ 100 521.39 26 554.44 74 510.07 120.26

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 520.89 26 559.95 74 507.17 126.16

Service ................................................................... 100 521.75 25 558.50 75 509.36 105.27

Protective service .............................................. 100 536.30 25 566.67 75 526.21 106.97

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 513.01 24 542.95 76 503.70 98.07

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 514.37 23 547.46 77 504.64 98.16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 508.47 26 576.64 74 485.01 123.53

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 488.81 23 541.45 77 473.13 128.42

Full time ................................................................. 100 515.45 24 549.79 76 504.54 108.70

Part time ................................................................ 100 544.88 30 648.96 70 499.57 140.95

Union ..................................................................... 100 559.81 25 594.77 75 548.37 121.76

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 471.70 24 510.97 76 459.31 97.43

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 479.43 26 527.66 74 462.59 105.31

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 464.29 28 515.86 72 444.00 98.59

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 517.67 24 549.88 76 507.55 99.99

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 527.20 26 563.05 74 514.77 102.31

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 532.84 22 570.93 78 521.88 126.54

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 553.80 26 583.74 74 543.14 132.44

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 516.59 24 553.75 76 504.60 109.57

Education and health services ........................... 100 507.60 25 546.83 75 494.78 113.63

Educational services ...................................... 100 506.38 25 542.76 75 494.41 116.81

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 508.12 26 544.44 74 495.51 123.76

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 499.93 22 533.58 78 490.69 92.81

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 516.07 24 576.36 76 497.30 91.77

Hospitals .................................................... 100 512.19 27 566.07 73 492.50 95.83

Public administration ......................................... 100 534.35 21 561.66 79 527.12 101.55

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 506.09 40 527.25 60 492.13 87.31

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 502.76 42 557.69 58 463.21 90.59

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 509.99 37 487.37 63 523.47 83.74

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 517.74 22 559.87 78 505.53 111.85

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 512.11 22 575.74 78 494.27 111.12

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 519.45 23 555.20 77 508.99 112.07

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. 100 $514.38 14 $536.24 86 $510.71 $91.17

Local government .................................................. 100 517.28 28 557.60 72 501.51 118.15

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 538.40 25 554.91 75 532.89 132.88

New England ..................................................... 100 575.40 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 525.40 31 538.81 69 519.47 130.55

South ..................................................................... 100 468.27 24 523.66 76 450.98 96.83

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 502.70 19 547.59 81 492.04 88.46

East South Central ............................................ 100 410.54 18 450.63 82 401.76 86.65

West South Central ........................................... 100 451.74 36 528.72 64 408.32 124.84

Midwest ................................................................. 100 531.01 21 570.35 79 520.28 108.97

East North Central ............................................. 100 541.59 15 622.42 85 527.20 116.74

West North Central ............................................ 100 514.49 31 531.06 69 506.96 93.99

West ...................................................................... 100 571.13 27 589.29 73 564.28 114.73

Mountain ............................................................ 100 505.65 31 505.29 69 505.81 102.48

Pacific ................................................................ 100 595.23 26 626.46 74 584.28 118.92

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $5.11 1.4 $7.30 1.4 $6.01 $3.45

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5.99 2.1 8.66 2.1 7.18 3.63

Professional and related .................................... 6.07 2.2 9.91 2.2 7.05 3.99

Teachers ........................................................ 6.66 2.2 11.30 2.2 7.80 4.97

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 7.11 1.8 12.26 1.8 8.08 5.67

Service ................................................................... 6.46 1.9 10.16 1.9 7.29 4.34

Protective service .............................................. 7.72 2.8 15.81 2.8 8.36 4.95

Sales and office ..................................................... 8.39 2.0 14.47 2.0 10.26 4.39

Office and administrative support ...................... 8.61 1.9 16.05 1.9 10.50 4.54

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9.74 3.7 16.31 3.7 8.34 10.97

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12.81 3.8 24.20 3.8 13.38 9.77

Full time ................................................................. 5.14 1.4 7.42 1.4 6.04 3.40

Part time ................................................................ 14.12 3.4 26.60 3.4 10.51 12.98

Union ..................................................................... 6.10 1.1 6.21 1.1 7.49 3.92

Nonunion ............................................................... 6.10 2.4 9.44 2.4 6.92 5.05

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 7.06 2.4 14.63 2.4 7.65 6.88

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 12.48 4.1 23.08 4.1 12.98 13.06

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7.17 1.6 10.88 1.6 7.96 4.61

Third 25 percent ................................................ 8.41 1.9 8.29 1.9 10.90 3.63

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4.80 1.6 9.89 1.6 5.26 3.95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6.83 2.6 13.71 2.6 7.10 6.99

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5.16 1.3 7.47 1.3 6.09 3.49

Education and health services ........................... 5.58 2.1 9.96 2.1 6.18 4.56

Educational services ...................................... 5.60 2.2 10.63 2.2 6.25 5.11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6.15 2.0 13.43 2.0 6.40 4.87

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 13.12 5.0 9.34 5.0 15.86 10.12

Health care and social assistance ................. 13.34 3.2 25.55 3.2 14.25 4.00

Hospitals .................................................... 16.51 4.3 27.01 4.3 18.75 5.41

Public administration ......................................... 9.49 1.7 9.44 1.7 11.71 4.12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 16.10 4.5 22.25 4.5 19.89 4.71

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 12.43 5.3 19.19 5.3 10.52 6.11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 27.68 8.4 29.18 8.4 37.68 7.38

100 workers or more .............................................. 4.84 1.3 5.78 1.3 5.71 3.60

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10.41 2.3 16.29 2.3 11.46 6.22

500 workers or more .......................................... 4.78 1.5 5.73 1.5 5.71 4.29

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. $13.81 2.9 $8.33 2.9 $15.92 $5.31

Local government .................................................. 4.39 1.2 8.39 1.2 4.78 3.42

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6.79 1.3 7.17 1.3 7.96 3.27

New England ..................................................... 24.29 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.67 1.1 5.44 1.1 6.06 3.06

South ..................................................................... 7.65 2.2 9.11 2.2 8.79 6.15

South Atlantic .................................................... 10.59 2.3 10.33 2.3 12.84 5.45

East South Central ............................................ 13.66 4.0 27.53 4.0 10.96 19.83

West South Central ........................................... 9.88 5.4 16.85 5.4 11.21 7.76

Midwest ................................................................. 8.34 4.3 14.69 4.3 9.21 4.62

East North Central ............................................. 6.27 2.4 24.49 2.4 5.16 3.46

West North Central ............................................ 19.59 8.9 14.39 8.9 25.23 11.05

West ...................................................................... 15.41 1.7 23.50 1.7 17.62 7.93

Mountain ............................................................ 22.87 4.9 49.34 4.9 16.32 14.03

Pacific ................................................................ 16.85 1.3 11.14 1.3 21.83 9.59

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 66 22 7 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 66 22 7 6

Professional and related .................................... 67 21 7 5

Teachers ........................................................ 68 20 7 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 69 17 9 5

Service ................................................................... 69 19 6 5

Protective service .............................................. 68 17 7 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 64 24 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 64 25 5 7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 65 21 9 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 62 23 11 4

Full time ................................................................. 66 22 7 6

Part time ................................................................ 71 20 6 3

Union ..................................................................... 69 15 8 8

Nonunion ............................................................... 63 29 5 3

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 66 24 6 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 73 20 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 66 23 6 5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 67 21 8 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 65 19 7 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 67 16 7 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 66 21 7 6

Education and health services ........................... 66 24 6 4

Educational services ...................................... 67 22 7 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 68 19 9 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 64 32 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 56 34 5 5

Hospitals .................................................... 60 28 7 5

Public administration ......................................... 67 17 6 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 61 25 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 57 27 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 66 24 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 66 21 7 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 17 7 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 65 22 7 6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 63 31 1 5

Local government .................................................. 68 17 9 6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 18 9 10

New England ..................................................... 86 7 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 52 24 10 14

South ..................................................................... 65 27 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 59 36 – –

East South Central ............................................ 67 – 4 –

West South Central ........................................... 74 – 12 –

Midwest ................................................................. 72 19 – –

East North Central ............................................. 70 22 – –

West North Central ............................................ 76 13 – –

West ...................................................................... 65 16 5 14

Mountain ............................................................ 72 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 63 16 4 17

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 2.1 1.7 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.3 1.9 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 2.4 2.1 1.0 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 2.7 2.3 1.3 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.7 2.2 1.6 1.4

Service ................................................................... 2.4 2.1 1.0 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 3.5 3.2 1.6 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.2 2.8 1.2 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.1 2.7 1.1 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.6 2.7 2.1 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.8 3.2 2.8 0.7

Full time ................................................................. 2.1 1.8 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 3.9 3.4 2.4 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.1 1.0 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.7 3.3 0.8 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.9 3.3 1.0 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.9 4.9 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.7 2.3 1.0 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.7 2.2 1.1 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.6 2.0 1.9 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.0 1.7 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.5 2.2 0.9 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.4 1.0 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.6 2.2 1.3 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6.2 5.9 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.7 4.4 1.9 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... 6.6 6.1 2.9 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.8 2.1 1.1 1.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.5 4.3 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7.3 6.0 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.3 6.1 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.1 1.8 0.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.3 2.6 1.5 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.4 2.1 0.9 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 3.8 3.4 0.6 1.5

Local government .................................................. 2.0 1.6 1.0 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 1.9 1.9 2.0

New England ..................................................... 4.7 3.0 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 2.2 1.5 2.9

South ..................................................................... 4.7 4.1 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 5.5 5.3 – –

East South Central ............................................ 14.0 – 1.2 –

West South Central ........................................... 5.8 – 2.2 –

Midwest ................................................................. 3.5 3.0 – –

East North Central ............................................. 4.9 4.4 – –

West North Central ............................................ 3.9 3.1 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.4 2.1 1.1 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ 6.1 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 1.8 0.9 2.2

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,096.42 7 $1,346.20 93 $1,076.95 $473.07

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,073.21 6 1,368.86 94 1,053.55 489.74

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,064.67 6 1,382.73 94 1,043.66 508.10

Teachers ........................................................ 100 1,047.51 7 1,391.12 93 1,021.98 536.74

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 1,040.56 8 1,385.57 92 1,012.07 562.04

Service ................................................................... 100 1,141.71 9 1,328.34 91 1,122.57 442.12

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,217.09 9 1,336.86 91 1,205.32 393.73

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,110.58 8 1,329.34 92 1,092.61 442.22

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,113.09 7 1,326.25 93 1,096.38 442.26

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,161.90 9 1,379.02 91 1,141.65 447.51

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,045.31 – – – – –

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,094.25 7 1,342.62 93 1,075.28 469.44

Part time ................................................................ 100 1,156.82 11 1,410.92 89 1,125.59 578.98

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,265.14 12 1,376.29 88 1,250.14 443.49

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 922.08 2 1,193.10 98 915.38 500.67

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 940.63 5 1,258.58 95 923.52 518.78

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 820.69 – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,122.80 7 1,301.18 93 1,110.07 425.06

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,099.70 8 1,391.83 92 1,074.64 473.42

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,183.46 9 1,375.69 91 1,165.29 478.56

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,283.13 14 1,420.84 86 1,261.60 457.20

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,094.89 7 1,344.81 93 1,075.69 473.60

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,033.08 6 1,347.69 94 1,011.45 523.97

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,013.39 7 1,344.96 93 989.58 539.17

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 997.17 7 1,322.56 93 971.27 572.50

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,064.44 5 1,465.24 95 1,045.24 428.63

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,169.82 5 1,375.48 95 1,159.96 420.74

Hospitals .................................................... 100 1,153.13 7 1,376.38 93 1,137.60 434.00

Public administration ......................................... 100 1,200.00 8 1,343.45 92 1,187.65 388.99

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 1,027.27 8 1,208.11 92 1,010.95 404.84

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 1,053.39 9 1,283.09 91 1,030.43 383.26

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 997.11 7 1,100.98 93 988.87 429.29

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,104.77 7 1,365.64 93 1,084.82 481.21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,105.97 6 1,430.22 94 1,085.21 485.14

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,104.41 7 1,349.80 93 1,084.71 480.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. 100 $1,138.78 1 $1,440.12 99 $1,134.77 $375.19

Local government .................................................. 100 1,080.22 9 1,341.23 91 1,052.85 513.87

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,335.10 22 1,385.02 78 1,320.60 397.77

New England ..................................................... 100 1,423.55 4 2,005.30 96 1,396.25 390.38

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,304.01 29 1,351.14 71 1,284.90 401.26

South ..................................................................... 100 838.80 2 ( ) 1,089.96 100 837.95 531.61

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 975.27 – – – – –

East South Central ............................................ 100 624.54 – – 100 624.54 589.19

West South Central ........................................... 100 763.34 – – – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,248.83 7 1,250.37 93 1,248.71 424.61

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,300.80 6 1,272.44 94 1,302.46 415.77

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,168.22 – – – – –

West ...................................................................... 100 1,220.04 7 1,347.56 93 1,210.17 457.22

Mountain ............................................................ 100 940.44 6 919.51 94 941.70 495.49

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,322.76 8 1,463.30 92 1,310.99 442.85

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $16.10 0.5 $17.97 0.5 $17.00 $10.84

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 17.72 0.6 24.17 0.6 18.28 12.25

Professional and related .................................... 19.33 0.6 25.71 0.6 19.86 12.71

Teachers ........................................................ 21.29 0.8 37.99 0.8 22.20 15.81

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 23.03 1.0 42.38 1.0 24.20 18.13

Service ................................................................... 24.57 1.0 27.50 1.0 26.75 13.32

Protective service .............................................. 22.24 1.8 52.19 1.8 24.24 15.40

Sales and office ..................................................... 26.35 1.7 19.42 1.7 27.44 16.97

Office and administrative support ...................... 26.68 1.4 20.83 1.4 28.12 17.52

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 33.90 1.9 94.20 1.9 35.23 31.06

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 44.29 – – – – –

Full time ................................................................. 16.44 0.5 19.85 0.5 17.31 10.58

Part time ................................................................ 38.39 1.6 47.61 1.6 41.64 39.87

Union ..................................................................... 12.77 0.8 18.26 0.8 13.73 14.72

Nonunion ............................................................... 25.60 0.4 58.32 0.4 26.31 13.94

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 32.57 0.8 42.43 0.8 34.36 14.51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 56.31 – – – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 21.40 0.6 29.38 0.6 22.53 15.35

Third 25 percent ................................................ 20.10 1.1 23.08 1.1 21.70 16.07

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 17.26 0.7 26.41 0.7 17.67 12.14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 27.22 1.0 32.46 1.0 29.07 18.96

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 16.30 0.4 18.23 0.4 17.15 10.93

Education and health services ........................... 18.58 0.5 25.79 0.5 19.36 12.94

Educational services ...................................... 19.58 0.6 27.60 0.6 20.34 13.77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 20.15 0.7 34.28 0.7 20.98 14.74

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 48.20 0.7 17.70 0.7 49.72 23.03

Health care and social assistance ................. 37.07 0.6 81.47 0.6 37.47 19.11

Hospitals .................................................... 53.03 0.9 86.04 0.9 54.08 23.52

Public administration ......................................... 17.24 0.9 37.40 0.9 18.40 15.71

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 53.08 1.7 74.87 1.7 57.48 27.28

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 55.22 2.7 104.12 2.7 60.60 30.26

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75.25 3.0 105.11 3.0 80.51 46.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 15.95 0.5 18.36 0.5 16.72 11.18

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 42.52 1.3 55.92 1.3 43.70 18.71

500 workers or more .......................................... 15.77 0.4 18.17 0.4 16.61 12.99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. $28.02 0.3 $32.49 0.3 $28.39 $15.59

Local government .................................................. 17.09 0.6 18.93 0.6 18.11 10.79

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 16.83 0.8 16.13 0.8 20.88 12.00

New England ..................................................... 58.85 1.1 88.97 1.1 59.07 32.62

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 11.10 1.0 14.35 1.0 14.93 8.69

South ..................................................................... 28.58 0.2 98.59 0.2 28.57 16.85

South Atlantic .................................................... 31.36 – – – – –

East South Central ............................................ 62.52 – – 0.0 62.52 16.06

West South Central ........................................... 38.12 – – – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 22.57 1.6 64.82 1.6 22.94 22.13

East North Central ............................................. 18.98 1.7 72.22 1.7 21.07 24.59

West North Central ............................................ 40.32 – – – – –

West ...................................................................... 25.03 1.2 49.30 1.2 26.16 25.62

Mountain ............................................................ 46.51 1.6 109.16 1.6 50.58 41.64

Pacific ................................................................ 22.20 1.6 45.65 1.6 22.44 31.94

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 70 19 7 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 70 19 6 5

Professional and related .................................... 70 19 6 4

Teachers ........................................................ 71 18 7 4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 73 15 9 4

Service ................................................................... 72 16 6 5

Protective service .............................................. 71 15 6 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 22 5 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 67 22 5 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 69 17 9 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 65 20 11 4

Full time ................................................................. 69 19 7 5

Part time ................................................................ 76 17 5 2

Union ..................................................................... 71 14 8 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 69 23 5 3

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 71 19 6 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 77 15 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 20 6 4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 69 18 8 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 18 6 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 15 6 8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 18 7 5

Education and health services ........................... 70 20 6 3

Educational services ...................................... 71 19 7 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 72 16 9 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 67 30 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 28 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 67 22 – –

Public administration ......................................... 69 16 6 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 72 17 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 71 17 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 74 – 6 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 69 19 6 5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 15 7 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 20 6 6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 64 30 1 5

Local government .................................................. 72 14 9 5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 18 9 10

New England ..................................................... 87 7 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 52 23 10 14

South ..................................................................... 69 22 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 66 29 – –

East South Central ............................................ 68 – 3 –

West South Central ........................................... 76 – 14 –

Midwest ................................................................. 75 16 7 2

East North Central ............................................. 72 20 6 1

West North Central ............................................ 78 11 – –

West ...................................................................... 70 15 4 11

Mountain ............................................................ 80 – 6 –

Pacific ................................................................ 66 16 3 15

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.9 1.6 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.2 1.8 0.8 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 2.2 1.9 0.9 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 2.4 2.1 1.2 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 1.8 1.4 1.1

Service ................................................................... 2.1 1.8 1.0 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 3.2 2.9 1.5 1.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.8 2.4 1.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.8 2.4 1.0 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 2.3 1.9 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.8 3.0 2.5 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 1.6 0.7 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 2.8 1.9 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.3 2.9 0.7 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.2 2.6 1.1 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.3 3.5 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 2.1 0.9 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.3 1.7 1.0 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.7 1.0 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.6 1.9 1.7 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.9 1.6 0.6 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 2.1 0.9 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 2.6 2.3 0.9 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.2 1.8 1.2 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7.1 6.9 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.4 3.9 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 6.0 5.3 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 1.9 1.1 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.5 3.3 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.5 4.2 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.3 – 2.4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.9 1.6 0.7 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.9 2.3 1.5 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.3 2.0 0.8 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 4.2 3.8 0.7 1.4

Local government .................................................. 1.7 1.3 0.9 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 1.8 1.8 2.0

New England ..................................................... 4.5 2.8 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.6 2.1 1.5 3.0

South ..................................................................... 3.8 3.5 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.3 4.2 – –

East South Central ............................................ 13.9 – 0.9 –

West South Central ........................................... 3.5 – 2.4 –

Midwest ................................................................. 3.3 2.7 2.0 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 4.1 3.7 2.3 0.1

West North Central ............................................ 5.3 2.9 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.1 1.6 0.8 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 – 2.3 –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 1.5 0.8 1.8

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State and local

government workers, March 2016

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $20.24 $47.49 $82.00 $126.03 $203.46 $135.32 $226.64 $375.65 $647.44 $950.43

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 20.00 45.00 83.00 131.93 214.71 134.53 229.70 400.80 667.00 985.55

Professional and related .................................... 20.00 43.83 84.00 138.00 229.01 140.89 241.00 428.97 674.17 1019.78

Teachers ........................................................ 20.00 45.00 85.93 148.37 269.99 133.82 241.00 460.16 726.88 1078.26

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 20.00 50.00 90.36 154.00 283.34 140.89 257.28 484.10 770.06 1128.08

Service ................................................................... 25.88 50.00 78.37 123.47 186.48 145.01 218.00 350.15 593.00 889.32

Protective service .............................................. 36.30 52.39 82.12 124.88 168.12 143.98 209.00 324.92 513.28 710.79

Sales and office ..................................................... 20.00 40.00 77.97 118.50 173.32 – 226.64 354.29 599.54 888.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 20.00 39.99 77.97 118.50 172.24 – 221.00 356.93 600.00 884.30

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 28.20 47.87 85.86 126.18 248.80 129.99 189.14 317.00 558.22 1028.71

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 32.83 52.52 98.99 135.18 205.82 196.41 267.84 394.86 748.87 1122.52

Full time ................................................................. 20.24 47.00 81.60 124.88 200.94 135.32 226.64 375.15 640.00 931.80

Part time ................................................................ – 60.00 100.95 154.50 270.18 119.76 233.70 394.22 852.86 1282.78

Union ..................................................................... 28.20 55.62 84.62 135.58 214.71 85.64 207.43 320.88 561.47 979.39

Nonunion ............................................................... 20.00 38.38 73.42 118.50 189.76 180.00 258.79 482.00 667.00 922.15

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 20.00 38.41 76.74 118.80 204.00 180.00 250.95 499.38 670.62 987.14

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 20.00 – – 122.40 204.02 184.02 309.96 578.86 685.00 998.00

Second 25 percent ............................................ 21.00 41.34 77.97 121.18 182.61 118.32 216.97 350.15 578.60 826.69

Third 25 percent ................................................ 20.00 50.00 81.24 118.53 185.00 – 220.98 359.42 619.20 907.41

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 27.39 54.78 88.94 148.37 242.99 135.62 231.00 359.42 661.02 1018.73

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 30.01 54.23 88.48 149.28 266.65 – 222.08 350.15 608.96 950.43

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 20.22 47.00 82.00 125.87 203.46 135.32 226.64 375.65 651.28 952.74

Education and health services ........................... 20.00 40.00 84.00 132.40 234.47 143.70 241.30 461.84 685.00 1048.00

Educational services ...................................... 20.00 39.99 84.00 139.21 242.99 140.89 241.00 476.04 716.80 1078.26

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 20.00 45.64 90.05 152.97 273.00 140.89 263.30 529.93 795.12 1128.08

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 20.00 – – 107.74 154.61 140.23 220.98 350.15 578.86 685.00

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 81.24 112.63 139.59 175.20 258.00 356.93 558.20 770.16

Hospitals .................................................... 20.00 – 83.00 118.00 – – 297.92 387.72 551.36 722.00

Public administration ......................................... 28.20 50.00 77.97 118.50 163.32 – 199.98 315.38 511.29 696.19

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 22.76 49.00 71.94 103.52 148.37 120.25 192.44 340.46 609.00 746.23

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 22.76 – 83.00 107.56 153.10 144.07 192.44 340.46 578.86 723.74

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 49.00 62.49 101.51 126.93 – – 347.82 609.00 885.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 20.15 47.00 83.00 129.88 208.25 137.24 226.64 379.66 659.08 979.64

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20.00 44.10 84.00 131.32 206.22 134.53 234.54 427.37 667.00 1006.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 20.45 48.29 82.47 129.52 209.00 137.27 226.64 367.49 641.76 958.36

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $20.00 $40.00 $75.00 $105.23 $143.50 – $198.21 $304.04 $495.15 $667.00

Local government .................................................. 22.84 50.00 88.06 138.44 237.38 $138.90 248.00 427.00 685.81 1031.97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 43.33 74.11 103.78 148.37 202.99 129.99 234.12 347.82 438.73 652.51

New England ..................................................... 43.33 82.12 124.88 163.26 214.71 139.04 255.88 334.82 448.71 626.80

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 42.88 71.06 81.24 137.53 196.42 101.07 212.90 350.15 431.18 757.15

South ..................................................................... 20.00 38.00 70.24 118.00 168.80 180.00 305.97 538.06 667.00 986.59

South Atlantic .................................................... – 49.88 70.00 103.52 132.00 157.96 182.59 335.80 578.86 815.19

East South Central ............................................ 20.00 20.00 38.00 – 143.50 283.23 361.30 667.00 685.00 –

West South Central ........................................... – 54.98 102.46 163.32 289.00 316.00 462.50 551.36 883.29 1094.65

Midwest ................................................................. – 61.21 84.02 122.34 198.15 – 209.00 280.00 536.66 976.59

East North Central ............................................. 40.88 66.99 84.74 121.18 231.16 120.00 209.00 255.89 476.77 1132.00

West North Central ............................................ 20.00 – 84.00 127.03 162.11 – 241.00 380.96 605.00 885.00

West ...................................................................... 26.00 40.00 72.00 137.76 240.05 74.28 197.95 320.39 643.21 979.64

Mountain ............................................................ 30.00 39.99 51.00 – 242.99 136.98 221.00 427.37 760.11 979.64

Pacific ................................................................ 23.82 50.50 76.74 139.00 237.20 72.52 – 298.84 608.96 984.57

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State

and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $2.64 $6.85 $1.91 $4.67 $9.40 $14.99 $7.14 $19.27 $38.61 $45.48

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.96 5.86 2.09 7.04 14.06 14.62 13.80 25.17 7.40 37.52

Professional and related .................................... 0.30 5.99 1.80 6.70 15.88 18.71 14.69 29.50 13.71 31.40

Teachers ........................................................ 0.66 7.62 3.14 8.39 23.10 33.50 17.45 28.41 39.50 35.49

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.56 6.18 4.73 9.25 15.43 28.13 22.25 43.09 43.82 53.16

Service ................................................................... 6.98 4.07 2.89 4.81 10.50 22.98 10.54 14.52 29.02 44.63

Protective service .............................................. 5.39 3.99 5.15 4.66 18.22 26.40 17.84 15.52 44.66 63.19

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.25 4.75 5.91 8.07 14.48 – 14.05 17.07 23.25 42.26

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.98 4.88 6.02 8.11 14.48 – 14.68 17.72 25.37 45.57

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7.20 4.77 9.06 10.39 54.15 17.42 24.76 16.00 29.55 192.60

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.58 10.65 3.32 11.69 46.83 18.31 11.31 34.58 96.56 95.59

Full time ................................................................. 2.72 6.64 1.82 4.16 8.54 14.15 7.48 19.76 39.62 37.11

Part time ................................................................ – 16.33 11.27 14.19 26.86 25.04 16.32 57.54 139.00 103.90

Union ..................................................................... 4.03 3.45 2.25 4.98 16.71 17.59 9.74 10.99 40.37 60.08

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 2.34 8.80 3.17 17.60 1.36 18.96 43.68 4.28 56.30

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.02 3.56 10.47 6.36 27.32 3.20 21.07 56.03 15.92 45.47

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 – – 15.03 36.35 41.94 64.80 32.58 12.07 55.72

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.79 5.25 3.73 5.10 17.50 22.20 14.26 16.73 24.77 95.16

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.73 4.90 1.85 3.88 14.44 – 11.58 17.54 43.62 51.87

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3.10 4.98 3.24 6.27 13.58 12.01 10.13 12.83 34.61 35.39

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.20 7.32 6.28 10.54 33.11 – 15.50 12.89 47.51 78.74

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.54 6.73 1.97 4.64 9.46 15.52 7.11 19.89 39.06 46.54

Education and health services ........................... 0.05 5.88 2.42 7.77 14.23 16.53 17.23 31.17 20.97 34.31

Educational services ...................................... 0.04 5.16 2.80 9.41 16.17 13.66 14.55 30.43 44.35 38.34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.94 6.30 4.04 9.73 15.77 15.64 19.34 32.46 45.86 33.63

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – – 16.00 16.82 33.29 16.66 57.32 133.21 13.08

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 0.79 9.59 14.34 34.09 11.29 48.21 37.55 88.38

Hospitals .................................................... 3.74 – 6.20 3.14 – – 59.04 75.11 40.09 104.73

Public administration ......................................... 2.37 0.86 4.55 6.37 5.97 – 19.76 16.87 41.93 56.93

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.92 8.65 7.98 3.81 17.92 25.92 24.42 55.98 18.97 91.99

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.75 – 12.54 17.72 9.48 23.76 27.04 61.48 35.08 85.59

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 13.25 10.97 12.62 20.78 – – 104.16 34.52 189.97

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.49 6.86 2.71 6.17 12.87 15.28 8.97 20.73 32.16 48.08

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.48 7.04 5.90 11.27 24.97 28.05 13.64 37.93 28.52 46.48

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.45 9.16 2.23 6.81 15.46 18.54 8.95 18.35 41.12 51.11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, State

and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $1.61 $5.29 $10.59 $6.16 $5.69 – $21.79 $49.74 $79.88 $62.67

Local government .................................................. 4.10 2.88 2.93 7.50 10.56 $8.79 13.15 23.71 30.76 28.94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.42 9.96 7.70 5.22 13.13 17.50 21.14 13.57 15.64 63.77

New England ..................................................... 10.15 17.63 6.71 9.44 27.91 35.51 9.04 19.22 20.38 85.98

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5.15 16.18 0.23 8.16 12.84 10.63 22.48 5.72 20.70 94.96

South ..................................................................... 0.71 5.60 8.14 6.92 13.89 1.68 25.17 43.14 12.42 44.65

South Atlantic .................................................... – 9.19 3.93 4.16 5.85 23.81 30.82 38.48 5.47 64.75

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 8.37 – 33.92 63.17 42.88 36.25 3.50 –

West South Central ........................................... – 6.27 11.82 6.50 14.64 72.79 40.42 1.89 36.69 29.31

Midwest ................................................................. – 11.43 1.70 5.49 30.89 – 6.45 26.74 81.52 124.33

East North Central ............................................. 7.16 6.10 2.66 5.03 45.48 28.50 2.56 23.56 93.94 187.84

West North Central ............................................ 4.33 – 13.44 20.06 35.82 – 21.02 107.47 74.05 151.03

West ...................................................................... 3.58 2.83 8.48 22.30 24.90 10.03 32.98 35.68 77.92 69.98

Mountain ............................................................ 6.17 3 ( ) 11.90 – 46.27 13.88 3.01 66.04 202.37 123.68

Pacific ................................................................ 4.35 9.73 10.43 25.84 34.10 9.70 – 43.16 58.79 96.62

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016. 3 Less than 0.005.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 80 78 98 24 23 96 36 34 95

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 80 78 98 23 22 96 38 36 94

Professional and related .................................... 79 77 98 21 20 96 37 35 95

Teachers ........................................................ 79 77 98 20 19 96 37 35 96

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 86 84 98 20 19 97 39 37 97

Service ................................................................... 77 76 98 23 23 96 28 26 95

Protective service .............................................. 86 85 98 22 22 98 27 26 97

Sales and office ..................................................... 81 80 98 25 25 98 38 36 97

Office and administrative support ...................... 82 80 98 25 25 98 38 36 97

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 93 91 99 28 27 99 44 43 99

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 74 97 22 22 97 29 28 95

Full time ................................................................. 90 88 98 26 25 97 40 38 95

Part time ................................................................ 22 21 96 12 11 92 10 10 92

Union ..................................................................... 86 85 98 28 27 98 35 33 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 74 72 97 20 19 95 37 34 94

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 64 62 98 19 18 96 29 27 95

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 50 49 97 15 15 95 23 22 95

Second 25 percent ............................................ 84 83 98 25 24 96 35 33 93

Third 25 percent ................................................ 84 83 98 26 25 97 39 37 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 89 87 97 25 24 98 40 39 96

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 89 85 96 29 29 98 33 32 97

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 80 78 98 24 23 96 36 34 95

Education and health services ........................... 80 78 98 22 21 95 37 36 95

Educational services ...................................... 79 78 98 21 20 96 37 35 95

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 78 76 98 20 20 97 35 33 96

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 84 81 97 22 20 91 42 38 91

Health care and social assistance ................. 83 79 95 27 25 93 43 41 96

Hospitals .................................................... 91 87 96 27 25 95 45 44 98

Public administration ......................................... 82 81 98 26 26 98 31 29 94

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 64 62 96 20 18 90 39 36 91

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 64 62 97 20 17 87 32 30 92

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 64 62 96 21 19 94 48 44 91

100 workers or more .............................................. 82 80 98 24 23 97 35 34 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 75 73 98 20 19 97 34 33 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 83 98 25 25 97 36 34 95

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 86 84 97 26 25 94 36 33 91

Local government .................................................. 78 76 98 23 22 97 36 34 97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 81 79 98 34 34 98 17 16 97

New England ..................................................... 71 66 92 7 7 100 17 15 93

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 85 84 99 44 43 98 17 17 98

South ..................................................................... 82 80 97 18 18 95 31 29 92

South Atlantic .................................................... 83 81 98 28 26 93 43 40 92

East South Central ............................................ 89 85 96 – – – 21 19 91

West South Central ........................................... 76 75 98 11 11 100 16 15 94

Midwest ................................................................. 79 77 98 21 19 94 54 52 97

East North Central ............................................. 79 76 97 26 24 93 50 48 96

West North Central ............................................ 79 79 100 12 12 97 59 59 100

West ...................................................................... 76 75 99 27 26 99 41 39 95

Mountain ............................................................ 80 79 99 23 22 98 66 60 90

Pacific ................................................................ 75 73 98 28 28 99 31 31 98

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.7 1.7 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.7 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.8 1.8 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.5 0.4 1.6 1.5 1.2 2.2 2.1 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.9 1.8 1.3 2.5 2.4 0.9

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.7 1.6 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 1.7 0.4 2.7 2.6 0.6 2.2 2.1 1.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.1 2.1 0.4 2.2 2.2 0.8 2.9 2.9 0.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.1 2.1 0.4 2.1 2.1 0.8 2.9 2.9 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 2.1 0.5 3.2 3.2 0.3 3.9 3.9 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.7 4.6 1.4 2.5 2.4 1.8 3.6 3.4 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.7 2.0 1.9 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.4 1.3 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.6 1.6 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.6 1.5 1.1 2.4 2.2 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.8 0.4 1.5 1.5 0.9 2.4 2.3 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.0 2.8 0.6 2.1 2.0 1.6 3.4 3.2 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.7 1.5 1.7 2.7 2.6 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 1.8 0.5 1.7 1.7 1.1 2.1 2.1 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 0.5 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.5 0.9 2.0 2.0 0.6 2.4 2.4 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.8 1.7 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.2 0.9 2.2 2.1 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.3 0.3 1.5 1.4 1.0 2.2 2.1 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.7 1.6 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.2 0.7 2.9 2.6 2.6 5.2 5.0 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.7 1.3 2.9 2.8 1.7 4.3 4.3 2.1

Hospitals .................................................... 1.7 2.1 1.1 4.1 3.9 2.1 6.0 5.9 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 2.0 0.3 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.1 4.0 1.3 3.3 3.0 3.9 4.9 4.7 2.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.7 4.8 1.4 4.0 3.6 6.2 5.4 5.0 3.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8.0 7.8 2.4 5.1 4.9 4.1 5.4 5.3 3.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.7 1.7 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.4 2.4 0.4 2.0 1.9 1.2 2.6 2.5 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.9 1.9 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 2.4 2.3 0.5 2.6 2.4 1.7 3.8 3.7 1.9

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.6 1.6 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.8 2.1 2.1 0.5 1.5 1.6 1.4

New England ..................................................... 3.2 1.8 2.9 2.2 2.2 0.0 3.5 3.7 5.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.9 0.2 2.7 2.7 0.6 1.7 1.6 0.7

South ..................................................................... 2.1 2.0 0.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 3.0 2.7 1.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 3.3 0.3 3.5 3.2 2.2 5.0 4.6 2.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.4 2.1 1.6 – – – 5.8 5.5 6.5

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 3.3 0.4 2.5 2.5 0.4 2.8 2.8 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 1.9 0.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 3.8 3.9 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 2.6 1.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 3.2 3.1 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 2.2 0.1 2.9 2.9 3.6 8.0 8.0 0.1

West ...................................................................... 3.2 3.1 0.5 2.1 2.1 0.5 3.3 3.3 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 5.4 4.8 0.8 5.3 5.3 2.2 7.7 8.0 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 4.0 4.0 0.6 2.1 2.1 0.2 2.1 2.1 0.8

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. See Technical Note for more details. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 11 89

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 12 88

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Teachers ........................................................ 11 89

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10 90

Service ................................................................... 12 88

Protective service .............................................. 10 90

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 91

Office and administrative support ...................... 9 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 8 92

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 8 92

Full time ................................................................. 11 89

Part time ................................................................ 11 89

Union ..................................................................... 9 91

Nonunion ............................................................... 13 87

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 12 88

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10 90

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11 89

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12 88

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 14 86

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 89

Education and health services ........................... 12 88

Educational services ...................................... 11 89

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 87

Hospitals .................................................... 11 89

Public administration ......................................... 10 90

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 90

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 92

100 workers or more .............................................. 11 89

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 11 89

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 16 84

Local government .................................................. 9 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 16 84

New England ..................................................... 49 51

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6 94

South ..................................................................... 13 87

South Atlantic .................................................... 8 92

West South Central ........................................... 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 12 88

East North Central ............................................. 15 85

West North Central ............................................ 6 94

West ...................................................................... 2 98

Mountain ............................................................ 2 98

Pacific ................................................................ 2 98

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers,

March 2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 1.6 1.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 1.4

Service ................................................................... 2.1 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 1.8 1.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.6 1.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.1 3.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.2 3.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.6 1.6

Education and health services ........................... 2.2 2.2

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 2.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 2.7

Hospitals .................................................... 3.2 3.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.7 2.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 1.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 2.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 4.2 4.2

Local government .................................................. 1.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 2.0

New England ..................................................... 6.5 6.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.1

South ..................................................................... 3.8 3.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.9

Midwest ................................................................. 2.5 2.5

East North Central ............................................. 3.6 3.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 2.2

West ...................................................................... 0.8 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local government

workers, March 2016

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 38 2 52 5 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 37 1 54 5 3

Professional and related .................................... 37 1 54 5 3

Teachers ........................................................ 34 1 58 5 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 31 1 61 4 3

Service ................................................................... 40 3 50 6 2

Protective service .............................................. 37 4 52 7 1

Sales and office ..................................................... 39 – 50 7 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 39 – 51 6 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 40 3 52 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 37 – 51 – –

Full time ................................................................. 38 2 52 5 3

Part time ................................................................ 30 – 62 4 –

Union ..................................................................... 33 2 57 8 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 43 2 48 3 4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 39 1 54 3 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 47 – 48 – 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 41 2 48 6 3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 41 3 47 6 3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 33 1 59 6 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 35 2 58 5 2 ( )

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 38 2 53 5 2

Education and health services ........................... 39 1 53 4 3

Educational services ...................................... 37 1 55 4 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 32 1 60 4 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 53 – 37 5 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 52 – 42 4 –

Hospitals .................................................... 49 – 46 3 –

Public administration ......................................... 36 3 52 7 2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 31 2 59 3 4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 24 – 64 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 42 – 52 4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 39 2 52 6 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 39 – 54 4 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 39 2 51 6 3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

State government .................................................. 44 2 44 6 3

Local government .................................................. 36 2 55 5 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 33 1 52 14 –

New England ..................................................... 18 – 69 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 37 1 47 15 –

South ..................................................................... 45 2 45 2 6

South Atlantic .................................................... 54 2 32 1 11

East South Central ............................................ 54 – 36 6 –

West South Central ........................................... 22 – 75 2 –

Midwest ................................................................. 47 – 46 4 –

East North Central ............................................. 45 – 49 3 –

West North Central ............................................ 50 3 42 6 –

West ...................................................................... 20 – 73 4 –

Mountain ............................................................ 36 – 61 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 14 – 79 5 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State

and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 2.1 0.3 1.9 0.5 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.4 0.3 2.3 0.5 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 2.6 0.4 2.4 0.6 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 2.5 0.4 2.5 0.8 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.4 0.4 2.5 1.0 0.7

Service ................................................................... 2.4 0.5 2.4 0.9 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 3.2 0.9 3.4 1.8 0.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.3 – 2.9 1.4 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.2 – 2.9 1.1 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 1.4 3.6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.1 – 4.5 – –

Full time ................................................................. 2.1 0.3 2.0 0.5 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 4.0 – 4.0 1.1 –

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 0.4 1.9 0.8 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.0 0.5 2.8 0.5 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.0 0.4 2.9 0.6 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.0 – 4.6 – 0.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.1 0.5 3.0 0.6 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.7 0.7 2.6 0.9 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 0.3 1.8 0.8 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.1 0.5 2.8 0.9 0.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.1 0.3 2.0 0.5 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 2.8 0.4 2.6 0.6 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 2.9 0.4 2.8 0.6 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.4 0.3 2.4 0.6 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7.0 – 6.5 1.5 –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.9 – 4.7 0.7 –

Hospitals .................................................... 5.7 – 5.3 0.8 –

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 0.6 2.6 0.7 0.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.0 0.9 5.3 1.2 2.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.0 – 6.0 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.2 – 6.5 1.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.2 0.4 2.0 0.5 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.0 – 3.0 1.1 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.6 0.4 2.4 0.5 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, State

and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

State government .................................................. 5.1 0.9 4.8 1.4 0.8

Local government .................................................. 1.7 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 0.4 2.2 1.5 –

New England ..................................................... 4.8 – 5.2 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 0.2 2.2 1.4 –

South ..................................................................... 3.7 0.7 3.4 0.6 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.6 0.7 4.4 0.3 3.1

East South Central ............................................ 11.4 – 10.3 2.9 –

West South Central ........................................... 3.5 – 3.7 0.4 –

Midwest ................................................................. 5.3 – 4.9 1.0 –

East North Central ............................................. 4.1 – 3.8 0.9 –

West North Central ............................................ 11.2 1.3 10.5 2.3 –

West ...................................................................... 1.9 – 2.3 1.0 –

Mountain ............................................................ 4.0 – 5.7 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 – 2.1 1.1 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, State and local

government workers, March 2016

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. – 47 21 28 – 1.4 1.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 46 22 29 – 1.4 1.5

Professional and related .................................... – 46 22 29 3 1.4 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ – 45 22 30 3 1.5 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 47 24 28 – 1.4 1.5

Service ................................................................... – 50 17 27 6 1.5 –

Protective service .............................................. – 55 10 24 – 1.6 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 50 22 26 – 1.4 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 50 23 25 – 1.4 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 47 23 27 – 1.4 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 37 38 22 – 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. – 47 21 28 – 1.5 1.5

Part time ................................................................ – 56 31 – – 1.3 1.0

Union ..................................................................... – 55 29 12 – 1.4 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 42 16 40 – 1.5 1.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 46 22 31 – 1.4 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 43 – – – 1.5 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 50 19 29 3 1.4 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 52 20 26 – 1.4 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 41 25 26 – 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 43 26 – 8 1.5 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 47 21 28 – 1.4 1.5

Education and health services ........................... – 45 21 32 2 1.5 1.5

Educational services ...................................... – 42 21 34 2 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 43 26 31 1 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 43 – – 4 1.6 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – 60 21 – – 1.3 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 59 – – – 1.3 –

Public administration ......................................... – 56 19 19 – 1.4 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 56 – – – 1.4 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 52 – – – 1.5 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 60 – – – 1.3 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 47 21 29 – 1.5 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 41 27 27 6 1.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... – 48 20 29 – 1.4 1.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

State government .................................................. – 47 18 – 3 1.5 1.5

Local government .................................................. – 47 23 26 – 1.4 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 31 50 6 13 1.6 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 26 53 6 15 1.7 1.5

South ..................................................................... – 41 14 43 – 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... – 47 14 38 – 1.5 –

East South Central ............................................ – – – 66 – 1.7 2.0

West South Central ........................................... – 36 – 30 – 1.5 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. – 55 – – 2 1.3 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 70 11 15 4 1.3 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 35 – – – 1.5 1.5

West ...................................................................... – 76 – – – 1.2 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 70 – – – 1.2 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 82 – – – 1.1 1.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. – 3.6 2.6 5.0 – 2 ( ) 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 4.4 3.1 6.0 – 2 ( ) 0.1

Professional and related .................................... – 4.7 3.3 6.2 0.4 0.1 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ – 4.9 3.1 5.8 0.6 0.1 0.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 5.2 3.5 5.2 – 2 ( ) 0.4

Service ................................................................... – 4.4 2.4 5.1 1.7 0.1 –

Protective service .............................................. – 6.0 2.0 5.4 – 0.1 0.1

Sales and office ..................................................... – 4.2 3.4 5.7 – 2 () –

Office and administrative support ...................... – 4.3 3.5 5.7 – 2 () –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 4.2 3.4 4.0 – 2 ( ) 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 6.4 6.5 4.0 – 0.1 2 ( )

Full time ................................................................. – 3.6 2.6 5.0 – 2 ( ) 0.2

Part time ................................................................ – 8.1 8.0 – – 0.1 0.3

Union ..................................................................... – 3.1 3.3 3.2 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 5.3 2.6 6.8 – 0.1 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 6.0 4.5 7.8 – 0.1 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 10.0 – – – 0.1 0.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 4.3 3.2 5.8 1.0 2 () –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 4.2 3.0 5.1 – 2 () –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 3.4 2.7 4.3 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 6.1 4.2 – 1.3 0.1 0.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 3.7 2.6 5.1 – 2 ( ) 0.3

Education and health services ........................... – 5.3 3.4 7.2 0.3 0.1 0.1

Educational services ...................................... – 5.1 3.4 7.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 4.2 3.3 5.1 0.3 2 ( ) 0.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 10.2 – – 1.0 0.1 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – 8.2 5.4 – – 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 11.4 – – – 0.1 –

Public administration ......................................... – 4.2 2.3 3.1 – 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 10.1 – – – 0.1 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 11.0 – – – 0.1 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 13.6 – – – 0.1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. – 3.7 2.6 5.1 – 2 ( ) 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 5.4 4.8 6.5 1.8 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 4.6 2.6 6.1 – 0.1 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

State government .................................................. – 8.1 4.0 – 0.7 0.1 0.3

Local government .................................................. – 3.0 2.5 3.3 – 2 ( ) 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 6.3 5.0 2.5 3.2 0.1 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 6.0 5.1 2.6 3.6 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 5.9 2.7 7.1 – 0.1 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... – 5.3 2.5 5.6 – 0.1 –

East South Central ............................................ – – – 17.2 – 0.2 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 5.5 – 8.0 – 0.1 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 7.4 – – 0.5 0.1 0.3

East North Central ............................................. – 5.2 2.2 4.5 0.4 2 ( ) 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 9.2 – – – 0.1 0.2

West ...................................................................... – 5.4 – – – 2 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 8.3 – – – 0.1 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 6.7 – – – 0.1 0.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers, March

2016

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 54 $50,000 $50,000 $100,000 $250,000 $500,000 46

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 55 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 45

Professional and related .................................... 55 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 45

Teachers ........................................................ 54 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 350,000 46

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 49 50,000 50,000 – 200,000 250,000 51

Service ................................................................... 55 50,000 – – 250,000 – 45

Protective service .............................................. 50 50,000 – – 280,000 750,000 50

Sales and office ..................................................... 51 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 49

Office and administrative support ...................... 51 50,000 – – – 500,000 49

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 47 – 50,000 100,000 200,000 – 53

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 45 50,000 – 100,000 – – 55

Full time ................................................................. 54 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 46

Part time ................................................................ 37 50,000 – 150,000 – – 63

Union ..................................................................... 52 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 400,000 48

Nonunion ............................................................... 55 50,000 – 100,000 250,000 500,000 45

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 57 50,000 – 100,000 200,000 500,000 43

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 61 50,000 – 100,000 – – 39

Second 25 percent ............................................ 55 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 400,000 45

Third 25 percent ................................................ 52 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 48

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 52 50,000 50,000 100,000 300,000 600,000 48

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 56 50,000 50,000 100,000 – 500,000 44

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 54 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 46

Education and health services ........................... 57 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 43

Educational services ...................................... 57 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 43

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 49 50,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 300,000 51

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 74 50,000 50,000 100,000 – – 26

Health care and social assistance ................. 56 50,000 – – 500,000 – 44

Hospitals .................................................... 59 – 100,000 – – – 41

Public administration ......................................... 50 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 – 50

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 35 50,000 100,000 – – – 65

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 31 50,000 – – – –69

100 workers or more .............................................. 55 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 45

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 50 50,000 – 100,000 200,000 350,000 50

500 workers or more .......................................... 57 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 43

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 59 – $50,000 – – – 41

Local government .................................................. 51 $50,000 50,000 $100,000 $250,000 $500,000 49

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 33 – 40,000 50,000 – 350,000 67

New England ..................................................... 53 50,000 – 100,000 – – 47

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 30 25,000 40,000 50,000 – 350,000 70

South ..................................................................... 58 50,000 – 100,000 250,000 – 42

South Atlantic .................................................... 45 50,000 – 200,000 – 750,000 55

West South Central ........................................... 58 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 – 42

Midwest ................................................................. 49 50,000 – – 400,000 500,000 51

East North Central ............................................. 49 50,000 50,000 150,000 200,000 300,000 51

West ...................................................................... 76 50,000 50,000 – – 300,000 24

Mountain ............................................................ 80 50,000 50,000 – – – 20

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 3.8 $0.00 $0.00 $16,914.36 $31,111.77 $120,597.47 3.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.3 0.00 0.00 10,992.04 27,581.70 11,586.63 4.3

Professional and related .................................... 4.6 0.00 0.00 0.00 38,573.79 62,395.91 4.6

Teachers ........................................................ 4.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 63,462.59 86,706.40 4.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.3 0.00 0.00 – 51,928.10 62,395.91 5.3

Service ................................................................... 4.3 0.00 – – 46,148.16 – 4.3

Protective service .............................................. 5.3 0.00 – – 55,183.67 0.00 5.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 5.1 0.00 8,355.24 – – 79,995.31 5.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 5.3 0.00 – – – 117,210.28 5.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.5 – 0.00 22,075.50 26,758.18 – 4.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.8 0.00 – 0.00 – – 6.8

Full time ................................................................. 3.8 0.00 0.00 10,754.16 28,000.36 120,225.83 3.8

Part time ................................................................ 7.6 0.00 – 0.00 – – 7.6

Union ..................................................................... 3.7 1,337.91 0.00 – 26,123.50 94,604.44 3.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 5.0 0.00 – 5,050.50 59,859.27 97,171.24 5.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.7 0.00 – 0.00 32,081.93 94,663.55 5.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8.3 0.00 – 0.00 – – 8.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.8 0.00 10,298.42 – 61,551.08 40,137.26 4.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5.2 0.00 0.00 – 44,994.33 147,017.86 5.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.8 0.00 0.00 19,503.20 54,243.09 166,164.83 2.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.0 1,337.91 0.00 19,480.25 – 91,722.41 5.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.8 0.00 0.00 15,629.50 31,190.78 119,666.20 3.8

Education and health services ........................... 4.6 0.00 0.00 12,762.84 55,551.42 73,280.28 4.6

Educational services ...................................... 4.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 53,516.35 57,374.30 4.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 40,137.26 49,043.99 5.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.3 9,831.58 9,460.44 15,313.07 – – 5.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 7.5 3,784.18 – – 146,560.57 – 7.5

Hospitals .................................................... 9.8 – 17,055.06 – – – 9.8

Public administration ......................................... 4.0 0.00 7,079.55 – 41,323.84 – 4.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8.2 0.00 24,267.47 – – – 8.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 9.1 14,159.10 – – – – 9.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.8 0.00 0.00 15,592.81 39,206.66 129,887.45 3.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6.1 0.00 – 0.00 55,567.53 68,465.78 6.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 4.3 0.00 0.00 – – 112,336.55 4.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 6.6 – $13,278.37 – – – 6.6

Local government .................................................. 3.4 $0.00 0.00 $5,886.80 $11,586.63 $111,937.48 3.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5.0 – 4,437.34 946.04 – 95,076.29 5.0

New England ..................................................... 13.0 7,079.55 – 7,079.55 – – 13.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5.3 6,520.16 0.00 0.00 – 78,012.82 5.3

South ..................................................................... 5.6 0.00 – 19,698.18 57,545.63 – 5.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 5.9 0.00 – 0.00 – 214,065.41 5.9

West South Central ........................................... 6.2 0.00 0.00 – 22,186.71 – 6.2

Midwest ................................................................. 7.9 0.00 – – 9,460.44 107,032.71 7.9

East North Central ............................................. 4.1 0.00 0.00 20,823.72 47,885.18 51,708.92 4.1

West ...................................................................... 5.5 0.00 0.00 – – 27,435.29 5.5

Mountain ............................................................ 5.6 8,849.44 0.00 – – – 5.6

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 State and local

government workers, March 2016

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $5,000 $10,000 $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 45,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 5,000 10,000 – 45,000 50,000

Teachers ........................................................ – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Service ................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Sales and office ..................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ – – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 5,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5,000 – 35,000 50,000 50,000

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 45,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... – 10,000 25,000 45,000 50,000

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. 5,000 – – – 50,000

Hospitals .................................................... 5,000 – – – 50,000

Public administration ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 41,116 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 41,116 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $5,000 $5,000 $20,000 $25,000 $50,000

Local government .................................................. – 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5,000 5,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

New England ..................................................... 5,000 5,000 – – 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5,000 – 40,000 50,000 50,000

South ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 – 25,000 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – 10,000 – 25,000 30,000

East South Central ............................................ – 10,000 15,000 – 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 5,000 10,000 10,000 20,000 –

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. – 20,000 30,000 50,000 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 – – 50,000

West ...................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 10,000 – 50,000 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $2,864.27 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.00 0.00 5,715.55 6,614.50 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 0.00 0.00 – 5,691.32 0.00

Teachers ........................................................ – 0.00 0.00 668.95 0.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 587.01 0.00 1,086.92 0.00

Service ................................................................... 0.00 0.00 668.95 4,187.64 0.00

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 0.00 1,158.66 9,064.26 0.00

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,385.61 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,777.29 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 0.00 1,892.09 – 0.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 0.00 856.68 4,821.24 0.00

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,636.96 0.00

Part time ................................................................ – – 4,682.68 0.00 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 2,769.31 0.00 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 0.00 802.05 3,539.77 8,491.24

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 8,817.25 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,157.00 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 299.17 – 6,750.05 0.00 0.00

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,075.15 0.00

Education and health services ........................... 299.17 0.00 5,324.81 5,888.17 0.00

Educational services ...................................... – 0.00 6,066.50 7,068.31 0.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 0.00 4,617.24 3,227.45 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – 3,980.14 5,362.08 1,247.38

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.00 – – – 0.00

Hospitals .................................................... 0.00 – – – 0.00

Public administration ......................................... 0.00 0.00 1,158.66 5,870.05 0.00

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 0.00 1,337.91 – 0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 0.00 3,602.43 5,676.27 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1,892.09 – 5,831.81 – 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,094.17 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 378.42 0.00 6,972.95 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.00 0.00 1,283.28 7,144.15 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amounts2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $0.00 $189.21 $4,487.48 $0.00 $0.00

Local government .................................................. – 0.00 1,465.61 5,515.12 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.00 1,331.20 6,381.42 0.00 0.00

New England ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 – – 0.00

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

South ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 946.04 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – 0.00 – 0.00 1,337.91

East South Central ............................................ – 0.00 1,769.89 – 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 0.00 2,334.64 3,842.85 –

Midwest ................................................................. 334.48 0.00 5,879.57 0.00 0.00

East North Central ............................................. – 668.95 5,176.51 0.00 5,351.64

West North Central ............................................ 0.00 3,784.18 – – 0.00

West ...................................................................... 0.00 0.00 3,602.43 3,448.79 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,982.81 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 – 5,140.13 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the employee’s

earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile

or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the

amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining

percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for

March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, State and local

government workers, March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 48 40 8 3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 49 38 9 3

Professional and related .................................... 47 39 10 4

Teachers ........................................................ 49 37 10 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 46 41 – –

Service ................................................................... 48 42 7 3

Protective service .............................................. 55 35 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 45 45 7 4

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 45 7 4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 52 39 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 51 41 – –

Full time ................................................................. 49 41 8 3

Part time ................................................................ 47 35 10 8

Union ..................................................................... 40 45 13 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 59 34 2 4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 48 43 3 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 49 40 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 52 40 6 2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 48 42 8 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 46 38 14 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 42 45 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 48 41 8 3

Education and health services ........................... 46 41 – –

Educational services ...................................... 45 42 8 5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 42 46 6 6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 30 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 54 34 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 48 48 – –

Public administration ......................................... 49 41 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 46 52 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 54 46 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 61 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 49 39 9 3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 50 33 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 48 40 8 3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Method of funding, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

State government .................................................. 74 13 13 –

Local government .................................................. 39 50 7 4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 49 26 –

New England ..................................................... 76 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 51 28 –

South ..................................................................... 64 33 – 3

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 29 – 3

West South Central ........................................... 49 48 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 55 40 – –

East North Central ............................................. 53 41 – –

West North Central ............................................ 60 – – –

West ...................................................................... 52 40 5 3

Mountain ............................................................ – 68 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 61 32 – –

1 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data

did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding, State

and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

All workers ............................................................. 2.4 2.4 1.1 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.7 2.8 1.2 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 2.9 2.8 1.5 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 4.2 4.3 2.6 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.5 4.9 – –

Service ................................................................... 3.8 3.5 1.9 0.8

Protective service .............................................. 6.6 6.2 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 4.4 3.7 1.4 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.1 3.5 1.5 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.5 6.1 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7.8 7.4 – –

Full time ................................................................. 2.6 2.5 1.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 5.9 5.5 1.3 2.7

Union ..................................................................... 3.2 3.1 1.9 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.5 3.3 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.8 4.5 0.6 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8.2 7.3 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.4 3.2 1.2 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.6 3.6 1.3 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.7 2.5 2.0 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.7 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.4 2.4 1.1 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 3.3 3.6 – –

Educational services ...................................... 3.9 4.1 1.4 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.4 4.7 1.6 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.5 4.5 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.7 5.0 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 5.7 5.8 – –

Public administration ......................................... 4.3 4.1 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9.4 9.6 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 13.2 13.2 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 13.5 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.4 2.4 1.2 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5.0 4.5 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.6 2.7 0.8 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of funding, State

and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Noncommercially

insured1

Commercially

insured

Legally

required Other

State government .................................................. 3.4 3.1 1.7 –

Local government .................................................. 2.3 2.5 1.2 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 3.2 3.4 –

New England ..................................................... 22.2 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.1 3.6 –

South ..................................................................... 6.2 6.3 – 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 7.3 7.5 – 0.7

West South Central ........................................... 12.6 12.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 4.5 3.6 – –

East North Central ............................................. 4.8 3.4 – –

West North Central ............................................ 10.4 – – –

West ...................................................................... 5.0 4.8 1.0 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ – 8.8 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 4.8 3.8 – –

1 Employer assumes all risks and expenses of providing the benefit. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 12 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Teachers ........................................................ 12 88

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 14 86

Service ................................................................... 16 84

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 87

Office and administrative support ...................... 14 86

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 87

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7 93

Full time ................................................................. 12 88

Part time ................................................................ 12 88

Union ..................................................................... 15 85

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 91

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 11 89

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 13 87

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10 90

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 16 84

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 88

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 12 88

Education and health services ........................... 12 88

Educational services ...................................... 10 90

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6 94

Health care and social assistance ................. 20 80

Public administration ......................................... 15 85

100 workers or more .............................................. 13 87

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 23 77

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 14 86

Local government .................................................. 12 88

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 29 71

New England ..................................................... – 100

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 31 69

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

West South Central ........................................... – 100

Midwest ................................................................. 13 87

East North Central ............................................. 17 83

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in

this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.6

Teachers ........................................................ 2.5 2.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.1 3.1

Service ................................................................... 2.6 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.6 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 1.5

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 3.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.3 2.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.5 3.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 1.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 2.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.2 4.2

Public administration ......................................... 2.6 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.3 4.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 2.5 2.5

Local government .................................................. 1.6 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.7 3.7

New England ..................................................... – 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.8 3.8

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 3.0 3.0

East North Central ............................................. 3.7 3.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local

government workers, March 2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 3 – 87 8 –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 88 7 2

Professional and related .................................... – – 88 5 2

Teachers ........................................................ – – 87 4 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 87 3 –

Service ................................................................... 3 – 86 – –

Protective service .............................................. – – 80 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 – 87 10 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 2 – 86 11 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 88 7 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 19 – 74 – –

Full time ................................................................. 3 – 87 8 –

Part time ................................................................ – – 87 8 –

Union ..................................................................... 5 – 85 7 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 – 90 9 –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 – 92 4 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 95 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3 – 81 14 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 85 8 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 90 6 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 91 4 3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 – 87 8 –

Education and health services ........................... – – 89 6 2

Educational services ...................................... – – 89 4 2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 90 3 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 88 8 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 84 16 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 89 11 –

Public administration ......................................... 2 – 85 11 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 94 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 91 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 97 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 – 86 9 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 84 11 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 – 87 8 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

State government .................................................. – – 80 18 –

Local government .................................................. 4 – 89 4 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3 – 94 1 –

New England ..................................................... – – 89 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4 – 94 1 –

South ..................................................................... – – 85 10 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 83 – –

East South Central ............................................ – – 100 – –

West South Central ........................................... – – 91 – –

Midwest ................................................................. – – 75 19 –

East North Central ............................................. 3 – 75 19 –

West North Central ............................................ – – 76 – –

West ...................................................................... – – 90 5 3

Mountain ............................................................ – – 91 – –

Pacific ................................................................ – – 90 4 4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 – 1.6 1.1 –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 2.0 0.9 0.7

Professional and related .................................... – – 2.5 1.0 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ – – 4.2 1.0 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 5.4 1.2 –

Service ................................................................... 1.2 – 3.4 – –

Protective service .............................................. – – 6.7 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 – 2.2 1.9 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 – 2.3 1.9 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 4.4 2.6 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.3 – 6.4 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 – 1.6 1.2 –

Part time ................................................................ – – 3.4 1.9 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 – 2.0 0.8 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 – 2.4 2.3 –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 – 1.9 1.0 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 2.0 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 – 3.3 3.0 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 3.4 1.1 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.8 1.2 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 2.1 1.5 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 – 1.6 1.1 –

Education and health services ........................... – – 1.8 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... – – 2.1 0.8 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 2.6 0.8 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.5 1.8 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 2.0 2.0 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 2.0 2.0 –

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 – 2.7 2.4 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 3.9 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 5.5 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 3.8 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 – 1.6 1.2 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 3.2 2.0 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 – 1.9 1.5 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

State government .................................................. – – 3.3 3.2 –

Local government .................................................. 1.4 – 1.8 1.0 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 – 1.8 0.3 –

New England ..................................................... – – 11.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 – 1.8 0.4 –

South ..................................................................... – – 3.7 3.1 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 4.5 – –

East South Central ............................................ – – 0.0 – –

West South Central ........................................... – – 5.4 – –

Midwest ................................................................. – – 3.7 2.5 –

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 – 3.4 2.1 –

West North Central ............................................ – – 11.5 – –

West ...................................................................... – – 2.8 1.8 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ – – 6.5 – –

Pacific ................................................................ – – 3.1 1.4 1.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, State and local government workers, March

2016

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 83 13 22 26 26 52 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 82 13 22 26 – 52 18

Professional and related .................................... 80 13 22 26 – 52 20

Teachers ........................................................ 78 13 22 26 52 52 22

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 75 13 20 26 52 52 25

Service ................................................................... 86 13 24 26 26 52 14

Protective service .............................................. 88 – 25 26 26 52 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 – 21 26 26 52 18

Office and administrative support ...................... 82 – 21 26 26 52 18

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 89 – 24 26 26 52 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 – 24 26 26 52 22

Full time ................................................................. 84 13 22 26 26 52 16

Part time ................................................................ 79 20 24 26 26 – 21

Union ..................................................................... 78 – 24 26 26 52 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 90 13 21 26 52 52 10

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 83 13 21 26 – 52 17

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 – 22 26 26 52 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 84 – 24 26 – 52 16

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 79 13 24 26 26 52 21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 67 – 26 26 26 52 33

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 83 13 22 26 26 52 17

Education and health services ........................... 80 13 22 26 – 52 20

Educational services ...................................... 78 – 22 26 – 52 22

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 74 13 21 26 52 52 26

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 22 26 26 26 52 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 94 13 18 26 26 52 6

Public administration ......................................... 88 – 24 26 26 52 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 83 13 22 26 26 52 17

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 87 12 20 26 26 52 13

500 workers or more .......................................... 82 – 24 26 – 52 18

State government .................................................. 94 – 25 26 26 52 6

Local government .................................................. 79 13 21 26 26 52 21

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 78 26 26 26 26 – 22

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 26 26 26 26 – 22

South ..................................................................... 96 13 22 26 52 52 4

South Atlantic .................................................... 95 20 24 – 52 52 5

Midwest ................................................................. 63 13 20 26 – 52 37

East North Central ............................................. 58 – 20 26 52 52 42

West North Central ............................................ 80 12 – 24 26 26 20

Pacific ................................................................ 94 – – 26 26 – 6

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, State and local government

workers, March 2016

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.9 0.8 1.2 0.0 3.8 0.0 1.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 0.7 1.6 0.0 – 0.0 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 0.6 1.9 0.0 – 0.0 1.9

Teachers ........................................................ 2.8 0.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.4 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4

Service ................................................................... 3.0 2.4 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0

Protective service .............................................. 3.3 – 1.1 0.0 0.0 8.6 3.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.4 – 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.4 – 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 – 3.2 0.0 0.5 3.6 3.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.3 – 3.9 0.0 0.0 12.3 6.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.8 0.8 1.2 0.0 7.6 0.0 1.8

Part time ................................................................ 6.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 – 6.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 – 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.9 1.4 0.9 0.0 14.6 0.0 2.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.1 2.6 0.8 0.0 – 0.0 4.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 – 2.2 0.0 3.3 0.0 2.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 – 3.3 0.0 – 0.0 2.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.7 – 1.8 0.0 0.0 6.1 3.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.9 0.7 1.3 0.0 3.5 0.0 1.9

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 1.6 1.8 0.0 – 0.0 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.8 – 0.5 0.0 – 0.0 2.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.4 1.6 1.3 0.0 3.5 0.0 3.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 4.5 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 1.5 1.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 2.1

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 – 3.3 0.0 0.0 1.7 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.9 1.4 1.4 0.0 3.0 0.0 1.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.2 0.3 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 – 2.6 0.0 – 0.0 2.1

State government .................................................. 1.2 – 2.2 0.0 3.8 0.0 1.2

Local government .................................................. 2.5 0.2 1.5 0.0 7.7 0.0 2.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Duration of benefits, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Number of weeks1

Duration

10th varies

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 3.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 – 3.2

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.9 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 3.6 2.7 – 0.0 0.0 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 5.9 1.4 0.0 0.3 – 0.0 5.9

East North Central ............................................. 7.5 – 2.7 0.0 1.6 0.0 7.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.6 0.9 – 3.6 0.0 3.5 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 – – 0.0 0.0 – 2.4

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government workers, March

2016

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. – 32 7 29 22 11 60.7 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 32 8 29 18 13 60.8 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 33 8 26 19 14 61.4 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 34 6 26 16 17 62.1 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 35 3 27 18 16 61.6 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 33 5 28 29 6 60.1 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 39 – 30 25 5 58.7 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 26 8 29 30 7 60.6 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 25 8 29 30 7 60.7 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 31 – 32 22 – 62.4 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 42 – 21 20 – 59.4 60.0

Full time ................................................................. – 30 6 30 22 11 61.0 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 51 – 6 27 – 56.9 50.0

Union ..................................................................... – 24 8 30 29 9 61.2 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 41 5 27 14 13 60.0 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 39 3 29 19 – 59.7 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 44 4 28 – – 58.6 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 33 9 25 25 9 60.2 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 32 5 30 24 9 60.0 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 25 9 30 21 15 62.3 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 22 11 39 14 14 62.1 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 32 7 28 22 11 60.7 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 33 10 25 18 15 61.4 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 35 9 23 17 17 61.7 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 37 4 26 19 14 60.7 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 26 25 14 7 – 65.4 58.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 21 15 36 23 – 60.1 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 21 23 32 – – 59.7 60.0

Public administration ......................................... – 30 – 30 32 5 59.9 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 42 – 37 – – 57.3 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 54 – – – – 55.7 50.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – 45 – – 59.3 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – 31 7 28 23 12 61.1 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 32 – 38 22 6 59.1 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 30 9 25 23 13 61.5 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

State government .................................................. – 20 16 38 12 – 62.4 60.0

Local government .................................................. – 36 3 25 26 10 60.1 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 19 – 26 47 6 62.3 66.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 20 – 26 48 4 61.8 66.0

South ..................................................................... – 48 – 27 9 16 60.2 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 58 – 20 11 11 57.5 50.0

West South Central ........................................... – – – 54 – – 62.4 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 40 – 26 17 18 61.6 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 46 – 25 – 16 60.5 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 23 22 35 – – 58.8 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 38 28 – 65.6 66.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 27 29 34 – – 56.7 58.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. – 2.7 0.9 2.6 1.6 1.7 0.7 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 2.9 1.2 2.8 1.6 2.0 0.7 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 3.2 1.0 2.5 1.9 2.4 0.9 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 4.2 0.9 3.0 2.7 3.0 1.2 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 4.8 0.9 3.0 3.5 3.2 1.3 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 3.7 0.7 3.9 3.5 1.4 0.7 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 6.5 – 6.2 6.4 1.9 1.0 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 4.8 2.5 5.0 5.6 1.8 0.9 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 4.4 2.6 4.9 4.9 1.8 0.8 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 5.3 – 7.0 5.8 – 2.7 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 6.7 – 5.5 4.9 – 1.3 1.4

Full time ................................................................. – 2.7 0.9 2.7 1.7 1.8 0.7 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 6.8 – 2.0 3.7 – 1.0 6.4

Union ..................................................................... – 2.6 1.3 3.6 2.7 2.0 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 4.4 0.7 3.7 2.3 2.9 1.3 1.5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 4.9 0.8 4.2 2.3 – 1.4 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 7.6 1.5 5.9 – – 1.4 7.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 4.0 1.5 3.9 2.7 1.2 0.6 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 3.8 0.7 4.4 3.4 2.2 0.8 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 2.7 1.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 0.9 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 2.9 1.7 3.2 2.3 3.2 1.2 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 2.7 0.9 2.6 1.6 1.7 0.7 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 3.6 1.0 2.6 2.0 2.8 1.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 3.9 1.1 2.8 2.3 3.2 1.2 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 4.1 0.9 3.6 2.8 3.0 1.0 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 6.5 4.2 3.6 1.3 – 4.1 5.1

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.9 2.5 5.9 4.4 – 1.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 5.3 4.8 7.1 – – 1.6 0.8

Public administration ......................................... – 4.3 – 5.4 3.8 1.3 0.6 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 9.5 – 9.9 – – 1.2 4.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 11.7 – – – – 1.3 10.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – 12.7 – – 1.9 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – 2.7 1.0 2.4 1.7 1.9 0.7 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 5.3 – 6.5 4.7 2.0 0.9 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.8 1.1 2.3 1.9 2.3 0.9 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

State government .................................................. – 2.9 2.3 6.8 2.0 – 1.7 0.0

Local government .................................................. – 3.0 0.9 2.3 1.9 1.7 0.6 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 3.6 – 2.7 2.7 1.3 0.6 1.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.7 – 2.5 2.7 1.3 0.5 3.0

South ..................................................................... – 6.3 – 5.3 1.9 4.0 1.9 11.6

South Atlantic .................................................... – 6.8 – 5.7 2.3 2.3 1.3 1.9

West South Central ........................................... – – – 11.4 – – 2.6 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 7.5 – 5.0 4.3 4.8 1.7 1.3

East North Central ............................................. – 8.7 – 5.6 – 4.7 2.0 8.0

West ...................................................................... – 4.1 4.5 6.2 – – 0.8 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 8.4 8.1 – 2.5 7.9

Pacific ................................................................ – 5.1 6.1 8.0 – – 0.5 3.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2016

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 73 $185 – $692 $850 $1,662 27

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 75 185 $500 692 917 2,000 25

Professional and related .................................... 75 185 500 692 831 2,000 25

Teachers ........................................................ 77 185 513 692 831 2,000 23

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 77 225 513 692 831 – 23

Service ................................................................... 67 170 200 600 850 1,500 33

Protective service .............................................. 61 135 200 546 700 – 39

Sales and office ..................................................... 76 200 – 604 923 1,662 24

Office and administrative support ...................... 76 200 – 604 987 1,662 24

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 68 – – 615 692 1,500 32

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 62 170 – 692 – – 38

Full time ................................................................. 74 185 500 692 917 1,662 26

Part time ................................................................ 56 170 200 – 700 – 44

Union ..................................................................... 78 170 200 604 850 1,662 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 66 225 576 692 – 2,000 34

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 68 200 500 692 769 – 32

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 66 – – 692 – – 34

Second 25 percent ............................................ 69 185 200 604 833 1,662 31

Third 25 percent ................................................ 78 170 – 692 – – 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 74 170 – 692 831 1,662 26

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 77 170 513 831 831 – 23

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 72 185 – 692 900 1,662 28

Education and health services ........................... 73 185 500 692 850 2,000 27

Educational services ...................................... 74 185 500 692 831 – 26

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 74 200 500 692 831 – 26

Health care and social assistance ................. 68 170 546 987 – 2,000 32

Hospitals .................................................... 66 170 – 987 1,500 2,000 34

Public administration ......................................... 72 170 200 615 – 1,662 28

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 68 – 500 692 – 1,662 32

100 workers or more .............................................. 73 185 – 692 831 1,662 27

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 67 170 500 692 – 2,307 33

500 workers or more .......................................... 75 185 – 692 831 1,662 25

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 79 $135 – $615 – $1,662 21

Local government .................................................. 71 200 $476 692 $917 – 29

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 87 170 200 584 831 850 13

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 88 170 200 546 831 831 12

South ..................................................................... 76 500 576 692 692 – 24

South Atlantic .................................................... 83 500 692 692 692 – 17

Midwest ................................................................. 32 – 500 900 1,500 2,000 68

East North Central ............................................. 28 500 – 1,000 – 2,308 72

West ...................................................................... 79 135 185 – 1,662 2,500 21

Pacific ................................................................ 79 135 185 – – – 21

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 2.4 $4.92 – $20.04 $152.84 $324.61 2.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.4 0.00 $12.08 0.00 121.76 311.14 2.4

Professional and related .................................... 2.6 0.00 11.68 0.00 174.07 321.88 2.6

Teachers ........................................................ 3.4 24.64 55.70 0.00 127.04 494.08 3.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.4 62.35 61.89 0.00 78.33 – 3.4

Service ................................................................... 4.2 12.44 0.00 53.25 152.20 231.04 4.2

Protective service .............................................. 7.6 0.00 20.59 98.69 23.99 – 7.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 4.1 5.68 – 70.29 272.68 114.21 4.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.8 11.35 – 56.95 287.94 165.90 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6.9 – – 55.08 50.49 314.92 6.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7.4 34.41 – 120.55 – – 7.4

Full time ................................................................. 2.3 3.48 57.39 8.96 127.44 416.52 2.3

Part time ................................................................ 6.9 8.75 11.87 – 160.19 – 6.9

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 34.98 188.56 189.68 2.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 4.1 43.56 61.81 0.00 – 439.95 4.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4.1 0.00 3.65 8.96 91.86 – 4.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 7.7 – – 20.70 – – 7.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.5 3.48 0.00 53.47 221.69 206.76 3.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.1 13.61 – 8.96 – – 3.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.7 0.00 – 46.14 142.53 407.32 2.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 7.51 151.73 17.68 0.00 – 2.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.4 2.84 – 17.93 129.13 375.82 2.4

Education and health services ........................... 3.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 175.03 390.03 3.0

Educational services ...................................... 3.4 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.68 – 3.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.1 35.71 12.30 0.00 25.81 – 3.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.5 29.24 32.68 107.05 – 478.58 5.5

Hospitals .................................................... 6.5 21.89 – 8.16 285.70 326.10 6.5

Public administration ......................................... 4.0 38.71 22.79 11.11 – 95.50 4.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9.1 – 96.27 35.86 – 440.47 9.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.5 15.80 – 28.35 157.07 473.26 2.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5.6 6.66 114.20 44.26 – 507.16 5.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.7 0.00 – 42.31 54.49 365.30 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 4.8 $0.00 – $8.07 – $0.00 4.8

Local government .................................................. 2.7 0.00 $51.02 0.00 $124.60 – 2.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.2 0.00 0.00 52.22 0.00 65.28 3.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.2 0.00 0.00 40.73 0.00 76.11 3.2

South ..................................................................... 4.8 0.00 96.97 0.00 0.00 – 4.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.1 0.00 185.40 0.00 0.00 – 4.1

Midwest ................................................................. 6.2 – 145.71 164.29 326.91 449.73 6.2

East North Central ............................................. 6.8 37.84 – 86.43 – 342.30 6.8

West ...................................................................... 4.5 0.00 0.00 – 147.10 315.90 4.5

Pacific ................................................................ 4.6 0.00 0.00 – – – 4.6

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 17 83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 19 81

Professional and related .................................... 20 80

Teachers ........................................................ 23 77

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 25 75

Service ................................................................... 17 83

Protective service .............................................. 16 84

Sales and office ..................................................... 17 83

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 83

Full time ................................................................. 17 83

Part time ................................................................ 21 79

Union ..................................................................... 16 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 18 82

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 22 78

Second 25 percent ............................................ 14 86

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 88

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 21 79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 20 80

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 18 82

Education and health services ........................... 20 80

Educational services ...................................... 21 79

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 24 76

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 83

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 81

500 workers or more .......................................... 17 83

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 18 82

Local government .................................................. 17 83

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 94

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 8 92

South ..................................................................... 7 93

South Atlantic .................................................... 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 25 75

East North Central ............................................. 38 62

West North Central ............................................ 8 92

Pacific ................................................................ 8 92

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 2.7 2.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.4 2.4

Professional and related .................................... 2.5 2.5

Teachers ........................................................ 3.2 3.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.0 4.0

Service ................................................................... 2.5 2.5

Protective service .............................................. 3.6 3.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 4.7 4.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.8 4.8

Full time ................................................................. 2.8 2.8

Part time ................................................................ 4.7 4.7

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 2.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.4 3.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6.4 6.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.3 3.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.5 2.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.2 3.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.7 2.7

Education and health services ........................... 3.2 3.2

Educational services ...................................... 3.5 3.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.6 4.6

Public administration ......................................... 2.9 2.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.9 1.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.5 3.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 4.3 4.3

Local government .................................................. 3.4 3.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.7

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 3.4 3.4

East North Central ............................................. 3.1 3.1

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 2.7

Pacific ................................................................ 2.6 2.6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and

local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 95 3 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 96 3 – –

Professional and related .................................... 95 3 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 97 – – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 97 – – –

Service ................................................................... 94 4 – –

Protective service .............................................. 92 6 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 95 4 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 95 4 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 97 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 96 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 95 3 – –

Part time ................................................................ 93 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 97 – 1 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 94 5 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 94 5 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 96 3 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 95 4 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 95 4 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 97 – – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 96 – – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 95 3 – –

Education and health services ........................... 96 3 – –

Educational services ...................................... 96 3 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 97 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 95 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 92 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 95 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 93 6 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 93 5 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 91 6 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 96 – – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 96 3 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 – – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 96 3 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, State and

local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

State government .................................................. 88 – – –

Local government .................................................. 98 1 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 – – –

New England ..................................................... 92 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 97 – – –

South ..................................................................... 96 – – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 98 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 82 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 100 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 94 6 – –

East North Central ............................................. 91 8 – –

West North Central ............................................ 98 – – –

West ...................................................................... 97 – 1 –

Mountain ............................................................ 100 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 95 – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 – –

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.0 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 – – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 – – –

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.3 – –

Protective service .............................................. 2.2 2.0 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.3 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.4 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 – –

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 – 0.6 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.4 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.4 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.0 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.1 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.3 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 – – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 – – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9 – –

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 1.1 – –

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.1 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.5 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.2 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.0 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.7 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.3 2.1 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.9 2.4 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 – – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 – – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

State government .................................................. 3.0 – – –

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.5 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.8 – – –

New England ..................................................... 9.0 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 – – –

South ..................................................................... 1.1 – – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 4.2 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 0.3 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.7 – –

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 2.5 – –

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 – – –

West ...................................................................... 1.5 – 0.5 –

Mountain ............................................................ 0.4 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government

workers, March 2016

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 17 43 22 13 5 60.7 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 16 40 25 13 6 60.8 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 16 38 26 13 7 60.9 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ 17 35 25 14 8 61.1 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 18 31 27 16 8 61.2 62.0

Service ................................................................... 20 47 16 12 5 60.6 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 21 50 13 – – 60.3 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 17 49 18 16 1 60.3 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 48 17 16 1 60.3 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 20 43 21 – – 60.0 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 16 53 – – – 61.2 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 16 44 22 13 4 60.7 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 41 20 13 – – 59.1 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 22 43 12 15 7 60.4 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 13 43 31 11 2 60.9 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 15 42 26 14 3 61.0 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 38 30 – – 61.4 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 16 47 21 12 3 60.4 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 15 43 24 13 4 61.3 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 21 41 18 13 7 60.1 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 20 49 18 – – 59.2 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 43 22 13 5 60.7 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 17 41 24 12 5 60.7 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 16 38 26 13 6 61.2 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 18 31 29 15 7 61.4 62.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 56 19 – – 60.6 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 21 60 – 5 – 58.1 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 55 – 6 – 57.4 60.0

Public administration ......................................... 19 45 19 15 3 60.5 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 38 – 17 – 61.9 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 40 – – – 62.2 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 36 – – – 61.6 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 44 22 12 4 60.5 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 21 44 15 15 5 60.2 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 16 44 24 11 4 60.6 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

State government .................................................. 11 54 23 – – 61.0 60.0

Local government .................................................. 19 40 22 14 5 60.6 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 61 – 20 – 61.9 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 64 – 18 – 61.5 60.0

South ..................................................................... 10 44 37 – – 60.7 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 34 49 – – 61.1 62.0

East South Central ............................................ – 62 – – – 59.9 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 79 – – – 59.6 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 30 37 12 10 11 59.5 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 46 19 12 12 12 58.1 60.0

West North Central ............................................ – 61 – 7 – 61.4 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 44 21 23 – 61.7 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – 24 35 – 63.5 66.0

Pacific ................................................................ 18 51 18 – – 60.3 60.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 2.0 2.7 2.3 1.9 1.0 0.4 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.9 3.0 2.6 1.7 1.4 0.5 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 3.2 2.9 1.7 1.6 0.5 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.5 3.6 3.0 2.3 2.7 0.7 2.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 4.2 3.5 2.9 2.5 0.8 2.2

Service ................................................................... 3.2 3.2 2.1 2.5 1.7 0.6 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.5 5.6 3.4 – – 0.9 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.1 4.0 4.1 2.1 0.4 0.5 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.1 4.1 4.3 2.1 0.4 0.5 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.4 5.3 4.7 – – 0.7 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 6.9 – – – 1.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 2.7 2.3 1.9 1.0 0.4 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 6.7 5.2 3.7 – – 1.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.6 2.9 1.8 2.8 1.6 0.7 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 3.5 3.7 1.9 0.9 0.4 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.0 5.3 4.0 3.9 0.9 0.6 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 7.4 5.9 – – 0.9 3.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.0 4.1 3.7 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.2 3.6 2.9 2.7 1.3 0.5 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 2.2 0.5 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.5 4.1 3.2 – – 0.6 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.0 2.7 2.3 1.9 1.0 0.4 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 3.7 2.7 2.0 1.3 0.5 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 3.6 3.1 2.2 1.5 0.6 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.9 3.8 3.6 2.8 1.8 0.7 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 6.1 3.6 – – 0.4 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.6 7.7 – 2.0 – 0.9 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 11.0 – 2.8 – 1.2 0.0

Public administration ......................................... 3.2 4.1 3.4 3.6 1.2 0.6 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 7.9 – 4.6 – 1.4 4.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 8.9 – – – 1.3 4.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 9.7 – – – 2.1 6.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.8 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.1 0.4 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 4.4 3.3 3.5 2.0 0.7 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 3.1 2.8 1.7 1.1 0.4 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

State government .................................................. 2.9 7.1 4.5 – – 0.4 0.0

Local government .................................................. 2.1 2.7 2.3 2.4 1.3 0.5 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 6.8 – 4.8 – 0.5 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 5.4 – 2.9 – 0.4 0.0

South ..................................................................... 2.1 4.1 4.8 – – 0.4 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 4.4 5.6 – – 0.5 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 12.5 – – – 2.0 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 6.9 – – – 0.7 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 5.5 5.9 3.0 1.7 2.5 1.0 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 6.7 2.4 3.0 2.8 3.3 1.8 6.7

West North Central ............................................ – 6.7 – 2.0 – 0.5 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 6.3 3.9 5.3 – 0.7 3.5

Mountain ............................................................ – – 7.2 8.6 – 1.1 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 3.5 2.6 – – 0.3 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2016

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 66 – $3,900 $5,000 $6,000 $10,000 34

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 9,000 32

Professional and related .................................... 66 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 9,000 34

Teachers ........................................................ 66 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,000 34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 63 – 3,500 5,000 6,000 8,000 37

Service ................................................................... 64 – 4,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 36

Protective service .............................................. 65 – 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 35

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 – 3,000 5,000 6,000 9,000 39

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 – 3,000 5,000 6,000 9,000 38

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 65 – 3,333 5,000 7,000 10,000 35

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 – 3,102 5,000 7,500 10,000 20

Full time ................................................................. 67 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 33

Part time ................................................................ 48 – 4,500 5,000 6,000 – 52

Union ..................................................................... 62 $2,500 3,500 5,000 6,500 10,000 38

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 30

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 64 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,000 36

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 58 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,000 42

Second 25 percent ............................................ 63 – – 5,000 7,000 9,450 37

Third 25 percent ................................................ 68 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 32

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 – 4,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 31

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 72 – 4,000 5,000 6,500 8,000 28

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 66 – 3,900 5,000 6,500 10,000 34

Education and health services ........................... 65 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 9,450 35

Educational services ...................................... 66 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 9,100 34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 65 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,000 35

Health care and social assistance ................. 57 800 4,000 5,000 7,000 – 43

Public administration ......................................... 66 – 3,333 5,000 6,500 10,000 34

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 62 3,000 3,900 5,000 5,000 7,000 38

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 72 3,000 3,900 5,000 5,000 6,000 28

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 52 – – 5,000 5,000 – 48

100 workers or more .............................................. 67 – 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 33

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 59 – 4,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 41

500 workers or more .......................................... 69 – 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 31

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 59 – $3,000 $5,000 $6,000 $10,000 41

Local government .................................................. 68 – 3,900 5,000 6,500 9,400 32

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 83 – 4,000 5,000 6,500 10,000 17

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 83 – – 5,000 7,000 10,000 17

South ..................................................................... 85 $800 – 3,900 6,000 9,000 15

South Atlantic .................................................... 84 800 – 3,900 – 9,000 16

Midwest ................................................................. 52 3,500 5,000 5,000 7,000 9,450 48

East North Central ............................................. 46 3,000 4,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 54

West North Central ............................................ 59 3,900 5,000 5,000 6,000 7,778 41

West ...................................................................... 56 3,000 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 44

Mountain ............................................................ 47 – 5,000 5,500 6,500 9,000 53

Pacific ................................................................ 64 3,000 – 5,000 6,000 10,000 36

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 3.8 – $437.04 $0.00 $806.32 $971.62 3.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.7 – 339.05 0.00 133.79 839.61 3.7

Professional and related .................................... 3.8 – 523.99 0.00 117.75 807.11 3.8

Teachers ........................................................ 3.8 – 288.60 0.00 94.60 966.40 3.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.3 – 826.17 115.87 738.13 428.40 4.3

Service ................................................................... 4.0 – 277.43 0.00 643.11 0.00 4.0

Protective service .............................................. 6.2 – 850.04 0.00 929.34 0.00 6.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 5.6 – 558.56 0.00 0.00 1,370.95 5.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 5.9 – 464.97 0.00 149.58 1,269.25 5.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.1 – 869.58 133.79 1,185.39 2,033.17 5.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.8 – 851.88 964.78 679.97 0.00 5.8

Full time ................................................................. 3.8 – 490.93 0.00 816.00 1,080.07 3.8

Part time ................................................................ 6.5 – 935.10 0.00 1,667.46 – 6.5

Union ..................................................................... 3.7 $237.06 748.72 0.00 688.02 1,199.80 3.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 4.5 – 602.62 0.00 838.20 1,228.33 4.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6.5 – 889.58 313.77 458.61 1,073.73 6.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 9.3 – 1,105.62 615.00 592.41 1,190.57 9.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5.7 – – 0.00 1,007.88 884.49 5.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.8 – 1,042.26 0.00 390.06 469.27 3.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.9 – 566.68 0.00 440.13 568.57 2.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.8 – 684.04 0.00 780.88 696.00 5.8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.8 – 373.24 0.00 792.58 836.17 3.8

Education and health services ........................... 4.9 – 433.36 0.00 770.83 1,060.65 4.9

Educational services ...................................... 5.0 – 474.78 0.00 449.83 1,040.33 5.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.0 – 1,117.82 94.60 117.50 349.27 5.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.6 191.09 958.64 189.21 877.33 – 6.6

Public administration ......................................... 4.0 – 879.92 0.00 884.84 1,001.20 4.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10.2 548.99 483.13 66.90 0.00 1,301.49 10.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8.1 208.56 0.00 339.00 133.79 1,344.58 8.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 12.9 – – 66.90 327.72 – 12.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.3 – 555.33 0.00 831.87 99.45 3.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.2 – 870.36 0.00 1,364.40 828.34 4.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 4.6 – 965.51 0.00 660.08 526.74 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amounts, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 9.1 – $875.49 $0.00 $1,143.11 $133.79 9.1

Local government .................................................. 3.4 – 57.16 0.00 749.70 833.75 3.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.1 – 1,107.32 0.00 680.99 2,821.72 4.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.7 – – 0.00 417.76 1,354.33 4.7

South ..................................................................... 3.7 $0.00 – 23.17 882.41 1,627.64 3.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.6 0.00 – 0.00 – 1,594.30 4.6

Midwest ................................................................. 5.2 531.67 211.54 0.00 1,091.00 900.06 5.2

East North Central ............................................. 6.1 401.37 594.58 605.88 676.33 0.00 6.1

West North Central ............................................ 10.1 374.79 0.00 0.00 1,550.55 997.84 10.1

West ...................................................................... 8.0 366.40 824.85 0.00 364.93 682.20 8.0

Mountain ............................................................ 13.9 – 0.00 473.02 936.54 1,714.66 13.9

Pacific ................................................................ 4.5 616.75 – 0.00 0.00 327.72 4.5

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 67 90 59 58 85 91 76 16 94

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 55 91 42 63 87 92 75 17 95

Professional and related .................................... 49 91 35 64 87 92 74 16 95

Teachers ........................................................ 30 89 10 69 85 92 72 16 94

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 26 96 9 80 90 97 74 17 98

Service ................................................................... 78 86 76 51 82 88 74 15 93

Protective service .............................................. 87 90 89 53 88 92 81 15 96

Sales and office ..................................................... 86 91 85 53 85 91 79 16 95

Office and administrative support ...................... 87 92 86 54 85 92 80 16 95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 96 96 97 47 87 93 85 15 94

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 74 89 64 63 80 88 74 16 94

Full time ................................................................. 74 98 66 64 92 97 82 17 98

Part time ................................................................ 28 43 21 28 50 57 41 12 75

Union ..................................................................... 69 97 57 70 94 98 81 20 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 66 84 61 49 78 85 71 13 91

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 64 77 57 44 73 80 66 14 88

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 49 65 43 36 63 71 56 10 82

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 94 84 56 88 93 81 17 96

Third 25 percent ................................................ 74 93 65 64 88 94 80 17 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 48 97 35 70 93 97 77 17 98

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 45 98 33 61 95 97 79 18 98

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 67 90 59 58 85 91 76 16 94

Education and health services ........................... 55 91 42 63 85 92 73 16 95

Educational services ...................................... 49 91 35 64 85 93 74 15 95

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 41 91 26 72 85 93 72 16 95

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 78 90 63 37 87 90 81 12 95

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 91 89 54 84 89 70 22 95

Hospitals .................................................... 93 93 93 47 86 89 71 24 94

Public administration ......................................... 88 89 88 53 86 90 81 16 93

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 71 81 66 47 77 81 62 13 87

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 69 74 68 39 69 75 59 14 83

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 73 90 65 59 89 89 67 13 94

100 workers or more .............................................. 67 91 58 60 87 92 78 17 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 63 88 60 60 80 88 68 15 92

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 92 58 60 89 94 81 17 96

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

State government .................................................. 90 95 83 51 92 94 89 19 97

Local government .................................................. 59 88 51 61 83 90 71 15 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 60 90 55 74 91 92 76 10 94

New England ..................................................... 52 89 47 83 87 91 66 11 95

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 63 91 58 70 93 92 79 10 94

South ..................................................................... 69 91 61 53 82 91 82 16 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 92 65 53 85 91 84 22 97

East South Central ............................................ 72 93 63 38 84 91 86 – 91

West South Central ........................................... 53 88 52 63 77 90 77 11 95

Midwest ................................................................. 67 87 55 58 80 88 64 21 90

East North Central ............................................. 66 86 53 65 79 88 60 27 91

West North Central ............................................ 69 90 58 48 82 88 71 – 90

West ...................................................................... 70 91 64 55 92 94 77 16 96

Mountain ............................................................ 58 83 53 55 86 91 76 – 96

Pacific ................................................................ 74 94 68 55 94 95 77 18 96

1 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.7 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.5 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.5 2.1 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 1.1 1.3 2.9 1.7 1.3 1.8 2.2 0.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.6 2.4 1.8 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.3 1.5 2.4 1.7 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.7 1.6 3.6 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.2 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.9 3.1 4.1 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.7 2.8 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.4 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.7 2.5 2.5 1.7 2.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.6 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.1 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.4 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.5 3.3 1.9 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.8 1.2 2.2 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 0.6 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.6 0.5 1.9 2.5 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.6 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 0.6 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 0.7 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.4 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.3 1.5 2.2 3.8 2.1 1.6 2.7 2.1 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.4 1.4 1.6 4.1 4.4 4.7 3.2 4.3 2.0

Hospitals .................................................... 1.6 1.7 1.6 5.1 6.6 7.0 4.3 6.3 2.5

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.5 2.7 2.9 3.4 2.6 2.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.5 4.6 3.0 4.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 1.7 3.8 5.2 1.8 2.6 4.7 3.7 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.3 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.3 1.4 1.9 2.7 2.3 1.7 2.6 2.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.3 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

State government .................................................. 1.3 0.8 1.3 3.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.5 0.7

Local government .................................................. 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.7 2.5 1.4 0.8

New England ..................................................... 5.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.5 1.6 3.1 3.0 2.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 3.2 1.5 0.7

South ..................................................................... 2.0 0.8 1.7 3.0 2.0 1.3 1.4 1.9 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.6 1.1 2.4 3.9 3.1 1.7 2.2 2.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 4.8 1.2 3.5 6.4 4.3 3.6 3.5 – 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 3.6 1.9 2.9 5.0 3.5 2.2 1.8 3.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.4 2.1 2.1 2.9 2.7 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 2.7 1.9 2.6 2.4 2.1 3.2 2.1 2.3

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 1.9 3.2 3.6 3.9 4.2 5.3 – 3.1

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.2 2.1 3.0 1.2 0.9 1.8 2.5 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 3.2 3.1 4.5 5.7 2.9 2.3 3.5 – 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 1.1 2.4 3.5 1.2 0.9 2.2 3.3 0.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 3 1 4 2 4 8 13 21 19 9 8 7 11 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 1 6 3 4 10 12 19 17 8 9 7 11 11

Professional and related .................................... 5 1 8 3 5 10 12 17 16 7 9 6 11 11

Teachers ........................................................ 11 – 13 – 6 12 11 11 8 3 10 9 10 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 14 – 19 – – 6 12 11 5 – – 8 9 10

Service ................................................................... 1 1 2 2 3 8 15 21 18 11 8 9 11 11

Protective service .............................................. – 1 – – 2 9 16 26 21 13 7 4 11 11

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 2 2 5 7 14 22 24 10 8 6 11 11

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 2 2 4 7 14 22 24 10 9 6 11 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 6 6 15 26 24 – 3 7 11 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7 – 5 6 7 5 13 22 17 7 6 – 10 11

Full time ................................................................. 2 1 4 2 4 8 13 21 20 9 8 7 11 11

Part time ................................................................ 7 2 4 5 10 7 16 14 8 8 7 13 11 10

Union ..................................................................... 2 1 5 2 2 6 12 22 23 11 7 8 11 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 1 3 3 6 11 15 20 16 8 9 6 11 11

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 2 5 4 7 9 15 19 16 7 7 7 11 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 4 6 – 7 8 16 15 16 6 4 – 10 11

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 2 ( ) 2 2 3 7 15 22 20 10 9 8 11 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2 – 7 – 3 8 15 22 21 8 8 5 11 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5 1 2 3 3 9 9 19 20 11 8 9 11 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 – – 2 4 15 8 18 20 11 10 8 11 11

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 1 4 2 4 8 14 21 18 9 8 7 11 11

Education and health services ........................... 5 2 7 4 5 8 12 14 12 9 10 12 11 11

Educational services ...................................... 6 2 7 3 5 8 12 14 9 8 10 15 11 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 7 3 11 3 4 7 14 12 7 6 11 14 11 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2 – 1 – – 10 10 – 12 12 9 17 12 11

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 7 7 3 7 10 – 29 9 10 – 11 11

Hospitals .................................................... – – – 9 – 4 – – 27 13 8 – 10 11

Public administration ......................................... 2 ( ) 2 ( ) – – 2 9 15 28 26 10 7 2 11 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 – 2 4 9 10 15 24 17 – 5 2 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – – – 6 18 28 18 – 5 3 11 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 5 8 – – – 18 – – 5 – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 1 4 2 3 8 13 20 19 9 9 8 11 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3 2 3 4 4 8 15 21 18 10 8 5 11 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 1 5 2 3 8 13 20 19 9 9 9 11 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

State government .................................................. 1 – – 1 3 11 11 25 21 10 10 6 12 11

Local government .................................................. 4 1 6 3 5 7 15 19 18 9 7 7 11 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1 1 – – – 3 5 17 37 13 6 13 12 12

New England ..................................................... – – – – – – – 16 33 25 2 – 12 12

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1 1 – – – 3 4 17 39 9 7 14 13 12

South ..................................................................... 3 1 7 2 6 8 11 21 15 6 11 8 11 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 – 10 – 2 – 12 24 19 7 9 4 11 11

East South Central ............................................ – 3 – – – 7 – 13 – – – 21 11 10

West South Central ........................................... 2 – 4 – 6 7 7 21 12 6 25 7 11 11

Midwest ................................................................. 5 – 3 5 4 13 21 – 18 7 4 2 10 10

East North Central ............................................. 5 – 3 4 3 16 23 10 16 9 6 – 10 10

West North Central ............................................ 3 – 3 – 5 – 18 – – – – – 10 11

West ...................................................................... – – – 2 3 – 16 27 12 14 9 6 11 11

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – – 3 35 22 14 – – 7 11 11

Pacific ................................................................ – – – 2 3 – 11 29 12 15 11 6 11 11

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March

2016

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.1 2.0 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.8 1.1 2.7 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.1 3.0 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.5 0.1 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 – 2.0 – 2.5 2.5 1.8 2.8 1.1 0.7 3.0 2.1 0.3 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.9 – 3.0 – – 1.5 2.3 3.0 1.0 – – 1.0 0.4 1.5

Service ................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.3 0.9 1.9 0.1 1 ( )

Protective service .............................................. – 0.2 – – 0.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.5 1.8 1.3 1.9 0.1 1 ( )

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.6 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.5 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.1 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 1.3 1.6 2.4 3.6 2.8 – 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.6 – 1.7 2.6 2.5 1.4 3.8 4.7 2.7 1.9 1.4 – 0.2 0.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.1 2.0 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.7 1.2 2.0 2.5 1.7 2.7 3.6 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.4 0.2 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.1 2.4 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.9 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.2 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.0 1.3 1.2 – 1.5 2.1 3.7 3.0 2.6 2.6 1.1 – 0.4 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.6 1.5 2.8 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.7 0.1 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 – 1.1 – 0.9 2.0 1.3 2.6 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.4 0.5 1.6 0.7 1.3 0.9 2.6 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.5 0.2 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 – – 0.7 1.3 2.3 1.3 4.3 2.2 1.6 2.2 1.6 0.2 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.1 2.0 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 3.3 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.0 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 2.8 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.1 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.8 0.8 1.1 2.0 1.1 0.2 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.9 – 0.2 – – 2.9 2.4 – 2.2 1.6 1.9 2.7 0.2 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 2.7 1.8 1.1 1.9 2.4 – 4.3 2.3 2.1 – 0.3 0.7

Hospitals .................................................... – – – 2.9 – 1.5 – – 5.6 3.4 2.4 – 0.3 0.8

Public administration ......................................... 0.1 0.1 – – 0.7 2.8 1.8 2.4 2.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 – 0.9 1.4 2.8 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.8 – 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – – – 1.6 3.5 5.7 4.3 – 1.8 0.7 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 2.0 2.8 – – – 4.7 – – 2.1 – 0.4 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.1 2.2 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.4 0.9 1.7 2.2 2.8 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.4 1.1 2.5 1.6 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

State government .................................................. 0.2 – – 0.5 1.6 3.0 1.7 4.8 2.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.1 0.3

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.6 0.1 – – – 0.5 1.1 2.3 2.4 1.7 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... – – – – – – – 4.7 7.8 7.2 0.7 – 0.2 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.6 0.1 – – – 0.5 0.9 2.7 2.0 0.9 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.2 2.3 2.0 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.3 0.1 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 – 1.2 – 0.8 – 2.2 3.5 3.0 2.1 2.4 1.4 0.2 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 1.4 – – – 2.4 – 3.5 – – – 5.2 0.3 1.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 – 1.6 – 1.9 0.8 2.6 4.5 3.3 1.9 3.8 1.3 0.2 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 – 0.9 2.1 0.8 2.3 2.1 – 3.9 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 – 1.2 1.3 0.9 2.7 2.6 2.0 3.4 1.4 1.7 – 0.2 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 – 1.3 – 1.6 – 3.0 – – – – – 0.3 0.7

West ...................................................................... – – – 0.6 1.2 – 2.7 3.6 1.3 1.9 1.7 0.7 0.2 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – – 1.5 5.8 4.1 3.8 – – 2.2 0.3 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ – – – 0.7 0.5 – 2.2 4.5 1.4 1.8 2.1 0.4 0.2 0.0

1 Less than 0.05. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, State and local

government workers, March 2016

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 87 2 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 2 11

Professional and related .................................... 87 2 11

Teachers ........................................................ 89 2 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 90 1 8

Service ................................................................... 85 3 12

Protective service .............................................. 84 5 11

Sales and office ..................................................... 86 3 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 86 3 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 83 – –

Full time ................................................................. 86 2 11

Part time ................................................................ 88 2 10

Union ..................................................................... 89 2 9

Nonunion ............................................................... 84 2 14

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 86 1 13

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 87 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 2 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 84 3 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 89 2 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 91 2 7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 86 2 11

Education and health services ........................... 88 2 10

Educational services ...................................... 91 2 8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 1 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 3 6

Health care and social assistance ................. 72 3 25

Hospitals .................................................... 69 5 27

Public administration ......................................... 84 3 13

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 84 3 13

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 84 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 84 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 2 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 88 2 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 2 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

State government .................................................. 90 2 8

Local government .................................................. 85 2 13

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 94 4 2

New England ..................................................... 96 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 5 2

South ..................................................................... 86 1 13

South Atlantic .................................................... 85 – –

East South Central ............................................ 87 2 11

West South Central ........................................... 85 2 13

Midwest ................................................................. 87 2 11

East North Central ............................................. 90 2 8

West North Central ............................................ 83 – –

West ...................................................................... 82 2 16

Mountain ............................................................ 83 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 81 – –

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, State

and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.4 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.4 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 0.7 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.2 0.5 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.4 0.5 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 0.8 1.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 0.9 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.8 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 0.8 2.3

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 0.5 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 0.4 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.5 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.7 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.4 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 0.6 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.3 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 0.4 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 0.4 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 0.4 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 1.1 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 0.6 2.9

Hospitals .................................................... 4.0 1.1 4.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 0.6 1.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.3 1.4 2.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.3 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.5 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.3 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 0.6 1.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 0.3 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, State

and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

State government .................................................. 1.1 0.8 0.9

Local government .................................................. 1.0 0.4 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 0.9 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.0 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.3 0.5

South ..................................................................... 1.6 0.4 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.5 – –

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 0.9 3.0

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 0.9 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 0.6 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 0.8 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.0 0.9 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 5.0 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 – –

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government

workers, March 2016

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 7 15 61 17 3 ( ) 11 12

Full time ................................................................. 7 14 61 17 3 ( ) 11 12

Part time ................................................................ – 23 52 13 – 10 10

Union ..................................................................... 6 10 64 19 3 ( ) 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 20 57 14 3 ( ) 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 21 56 20 – 12 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 16 59 22 – 12 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 26 52 19 – 11 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 14 61 16 3 ( ) 11 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 13 62 18 1 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 8 14 61 16 3 ( ) 11 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 7 14 59 19 3 ( ) 12 12

Full time ................................................................. 7 14 59 20 3 ( ) 12 12

Part time ................................................................ – 23 54 13 – 10 11

Union ..................................................................... 6 10 62 22 3 ( ) 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 20 56 16 3 ( ) 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 20 56 21 – 12 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 15 57 25 – 12 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 25 55 – – 11 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 14 59 19 3 ( ) 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 13 58 22 1 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 8 14 60 18 3 ( ) 11 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 7 15 58 20 3 ( ) 12 12

Full time ................................................................. 7 14 58 21 3 ( ) 12 12

Part time ................................................................ – 22 54 13 – 10 11

Union ..................................................................... 6 9 61 23 3 ( ) 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 20 55 16 3 ( ) 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 19 56 22 – 12 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 14 58 26 – 13 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 25 55 – – 11 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 14 58 20 3 ( ) 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 12 58 23 1 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 8 15 58 19 3 ( ) 12 12

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 7 15 58 20 1 12 12

Full time ................................................................. 7 14 58 20 1 12 12

Part time ................................................................ – 22 54 14 – 10 11

Union ..................................................................... 6 9 61 23 2 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 20 54 16 1 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 19 56 21 – 12 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 14 58 24 – 13 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 25 55 – – 11 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 7 14 58 19 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 12 58 21 2 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 8 15 58 19 1 12 12

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and

local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 1.0 1.7 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.1 1.8 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.2 3.3 2.4 – 0.3 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 2.1 2.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.7 2.7 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 3.1 3.6 3.5 – 0.3 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.8 5.5 4.2 – 0.5 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 5.4 5.4 5.5 – 0.4 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 1.9 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 2.4 2.4 2.2 0.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2 2.2 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.3 3.1 2.3 – 0.3 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 2.0 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.8 2.4 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 3.2 3.6 3.4 – 0.3 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.7 5.3 4.2 – 0.4 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 5.4 5.2 – – 0.4 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.1 1.7 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 2.5 2.6 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and

local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.3 3.2 2.3 – 0.3 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 2.0 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 2.4 2.3 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 3.2 3.6 3.5 – 0.3 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.8 5.4 4.4 – 0.5 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 5.4 5.2 – – 0.4 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 2.6 2.7 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.6 2.0 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.7 0.4 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.3 3.2 2.3 – 0.3 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.9 2.1 2.1 0.7 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 2.4 2.3 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 3.2 3.6 3.3 – 0.4 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.8 5.4 4.2 – 0.5 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 5.4 5.2 – – 0.4 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.9 0.4 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 2.6 2.7 2.8 0.9 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and local government

workers, March 2016

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 92 63 29 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 62 30 8

Professional and related .................................... 92 61 31 8

Teachers ........................................................ 90 57 32 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 89 56 33 11

Service ................................................................... 92 66 26 8

Protective service .............................................. 91 65 27 9

Sales and office ..................................................... 93 64 29 7

Office and administrative support ...................... 93 64 30 7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 61 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 96 61 35 4

Full time ................................................................. 92 62 30 8

Part time ................................................................ 94 67 28 6

Union ..................................................................... 94 66 28 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 90 59 30 10

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 92 61 31 8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 91 58 33 9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 93 64 29 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 92 65 27 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 61 31 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 91 59 32 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 92 62 30 8

Education and health services ........................... 91 61 30 9

Educational services ...................................... 91 61 30 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 59 32 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 93 70 23 7

Health care and social assistance ................. 90 59 31 10

Hospitals .................................................... – 64 – –

Public administration ......................................... 95 67 28 5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 89 50 39 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 53 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 46 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 92 64 28 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 93 49 43 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 69 23 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

State government .................................................. 95 75 20 5

Local government .................................................. 91 58 33 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 94 59 35 6

New England ..................................................... 95 48 47 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 64 30 6

South ..................................................................... 88 63 25 12

South Atlantic .................................................... 88 69 19 12

East South Central ............................................ – 58 – –

West South Central ........................................... 87 55 32 13

Midwest ................................................................. 94 51 43 6

East North Central ............................................. 93 53 39 7

West North Central ............................................ 95 46 49 5

West ...................................................................... 96 78 18 4

Mountain ............................................................ – 66 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 96 82 13 4

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and

local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 1.7 1.6 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 1.8 1.7 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 1.9 1.9 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 2.3 2.2 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.6 2.2 1.8 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 3.3 3.0 2.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 2.7 2.5 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 2.8 2.6 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 3.7 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 4.5 4.4 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.7 1.5 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 2.7 2.0 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 2.5 2.0 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 3.6 3.6 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 2.5 2.3 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 2.5 2.2 1.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 2.2 1.9 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 2.1 2.1 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.3 3.6 2.5 2.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.4 4.7 4.1 2.4

Hospitals .................................................... – 6.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.1 2.5 2.3 1.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.6 4.8 4.4 2.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 7.1 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 7.7 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 3.4 3.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, State and

local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

State government .................................................. 1.6 3.4 2.7 1.6

Local government .................................................. 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.4

New England ..................................................... 2.1 4.0 4.5 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 2.4 1.5 1.8

South ..................................................................... 1.8 3.3 2.8 1.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 4.4 4.4 2.1

East South Central ............................................ – 8.1 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 5.7 4.4 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 3.5 3.2 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 3.0 2.6 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.5 8.3 7.7 1.5

West ...................................................................... 0.7 2.4 2.6 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ – 3.4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 2.9 2.8 0.7

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and local government

workers, March 2016

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated

carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated2

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 43 90 130 180 240 138

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 50 100 139 180 230 143

Professional and related .................................... 60 100 145 180 230 145

Teachers ........................................................ 60 100 160 180 240 149

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 60 100 150 180 240 148

Service ................................................................... 30 60 120 180 225 123

Protective service .............................................. 30 – 120 180 234 124

Sales and office ..................................................... 40 90 121 180 240 139

Office and administrative support ...................... 45 90 120 180 240 139

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – – 124

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 135 200 250 146

Full time ................................................................. 43 90 130 180 240 138

Part time ................................................................ – 93 130 180 250 146

Union ..................................................................... 80 120 160 200 250 160

Nonunion ............................................................... 30 60 120 180 200 117

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30 60 120 180 200 116

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 30 50 100 150 199 107

Second 25 percent ............................................ 45 90 130 180 240 139

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 89 120 180 240 135

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 60 120 160 181 240 157

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 125 160 200 250 162

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 43 90 130 180 240 138

Education and health services ........................... 56 100 145 180 240 146

Educational services ...................................... 53 100 145 180 240 146

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 50 90 135 180 240 144

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 130 165 180 200 160

Health care and social assistance ................. – 90 – 180 225 150

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – 137

Public administration ......................................... 30 60 120 180 212 121

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 30 60 – 120 180 99

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – – – 98

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – – – 100

100 workers or more .............................................. 45 90 140 180 240 145

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 35 80 120 180 219 131

500 workers or more .......................................... 60 110 150 200 240 153

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated

carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated2

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. – 120 180 180 240 161

Local government .................................................. 40 90 120 180 230 133

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 105 150 175 200 250 176

New England ..................................................... 105 120 165 200 219 161

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 160 180 200 300 184

South ..................................................................... 30 70 120 180 240 125

South Atlantic .................................................... 60 90 120 180 180 126

East South Central ............................................ – – – – – 147

West South Central ........................................... 25 – 100 175 – 108

Midwest ................................................................. 45 80 120 180 205 131

East North Central ............................................. 45 100 120 180 255 145

West North Central ............................................ 45 – 120 145 180 113

West ...................................................................... – – 120 156 200 122

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – – 117

Pacific ................................................................ – 100 125 – 200 126

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and

local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated1

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 4.6 0.0 10.5 0.0 17.1 2.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10.7 11.9 11.0 0.0 23.5 3.5

Professional and related .................................... 7.1 9.3 11.9 0.0 24.0 3.6

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 14.7 17.5 0.0 27.1 4.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9.1 12.7 22.2 6.8 7.9 5.4

Service ................................................................... 0.9 5.3 5.3 8.5 20.1 5.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 – 11.3 28.5 25.1 8.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 9.4 0.0 5.8 6.2 4.9 6.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 10.1 0.0 5.8 4.8 4.9 6.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – – 7.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 14.8 23.2 20.6 10.8

Full time ................................................................. 4.6 0.0 11.5 0.0 20.3 3.1

Part time ................................................................ – 16.7 11.1 26.9 25.2 9.5

Union ..................................................................... 11.7 0.0 12.5 5.8 5.9 3.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 1.7 6.1 8.9 36.0 3.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 2.2 8.4 20.3 25.4 4.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 10.2 20.3 41.4 31.0 6.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.4 0.0 13.1 2.4 15.1 4.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 8.7 12.2 3.7 0.0 6.2 5.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 17.3 0.0 5.4 16.2 15.6 4.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 8.4 9.0 0.5 22.6 30.6 4.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 4.9 0.0 10.7 0.0 16.8 3.0

Education and health services ........................... 8.1 12.9 10.6 0.1 18.9 3.8

Educational services ...................................... 9.9 10.3 10.5 0.0 17.1 3.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10.6 11.0 14.5 0.1 9.7 4.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12.2 14.8 19.5 6.6 56.6 5.1

Health care and social assistance ................. – 15.0 – 25.9 59.4 13.3

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – 9.9

Public administration ......................................... 4.2 10.8 0.0 23.4 27.5 5.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6.8 7.0 – 1.5 5.2 5.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – – – 7.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – – – 9.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.2 7.6 9.0 0.0 4.4 3.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8.7 13.1 0.0 0.7 24.9 6.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 4.4 14.2 12.8 19.8 1.3 4.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, State and

local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated1

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. – 2.9 13.0 9.3 62.6 6.6

Local government .................................................. 7.3 9.0 0.7 0.0 14.3 3.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 10.1 19.4 16.1 1.3 59.0 5.5

New England ..................................................... 8.3 0.0 26.5 18.7 30.7 11.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 0.0 15.9 18.0 10.7 4.7

South ..................................................................... 4.0 16.1 3.3 0.0 67.8 4.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 4.5 28.9 0.0 2.8 6.0

East South Central ............................................ – – – – – 12.5

West South Central ........................................... 6.3 – 24.9 48.3 – 10.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.7 15.1 0.0 20.2 23.2 5.0

East North Central ............................................. 8.3 7.1 0.0 5.6 55.8 8.0

West North Central ............................................ 5.7 – 5.1 32.2 0.0 5.8

West ...................................................................... – – 4.1 43.2 33.8 6.9

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – – 9.8

Pacific ................................................................ – 23.0 7.3 – 27.1 8.9

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government workers,

March 2016

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 3 11 58 18 9 1 13 12

Full time ................................................................. 2 10 59 18 9 1 13 12

Part time ................................................................ 10 25 45 13 – – 10 10

Union ..................................................................... 3 13 61 16 6 1 12 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 9 56 20 11 1 13 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 13 62 15 6 – 12 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2 15 67 – 7 – 12 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 – 54 25 4 – 12 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 10 58 18 9 1 13 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 15 61 14 7 1 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 9 57 20 10 2 13 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 5 26 50 13 5 16 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 4 25 51 14 5 16 15

Part time ................................................................ 9 12 43 27 – – 13 12

Union ..................................................................... 2 7 21 54 11 5 15 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 3 30 46 15 5 16 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 4 34 51 8 – 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 37 48 8 – 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 28 55 8 – 15 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 2 5 24 49 14 5 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 33 49 9 5 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 5 22 50 16 6 16 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 2 9 52 26 10 18 18

Full time ................................................................. 1 1 9 52 27 10 19 18

Part time ................................................................ – 7 23 47 16 – 16 15

Union ..................................................................... 3 ( ) 3 9 49 28 11 18 18

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 1 10 54 25 9 18 18

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 10 63 18 7 17 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – 59 21 7 17 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – 68 13 7 18 18

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 2 9 50 28 10 19 18

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 10 53 26 8 18 18

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 2 9 49 28 11 19 18

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 1 6 14 46 32 22 22

Full time ................................................................. 1 1 5 13 46 33 22 22

Part time ................................................................ – – 16 19 44 14 19 20

Union ..................................................................... 3 ( ) 2 5 10 46 36 22 23

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 1 7 17 46 29 22 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 8 20 43 28 21 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – 21 41 27 21 21

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 8 – 46 29 22 22

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 1 6 13 46 33 22 22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 7 16 44 31 22 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 1 5 12 47 34 22 23

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local

government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.8 1.9 1.8 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.7 4.9 2.8 – – 0.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 1.3 1.8 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.8 3.0 3.0 1.9 0.4 0.3 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.7 4.0 3.3 1.2 – 0.3 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.0 3.6 5.3 – 2.1 – 0.4 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 – 5.5 5.9 1.8 – 0.4 3 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.9 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 2.3 2.7 2.3 1.5 0.1 0.3 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.9 2.1 2.0 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.0

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.6 1.5 1.5 1.8 0.6 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.6 1.5 1.6 1.9 0.6 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 1.9 5.7 4.1 – – 0.4 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 1.1 1.2 1.8 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 2.4 2.3 3.1 0.7 0.3 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 1.7 4.3 4.3 1.7 – 0.3 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 5.7 5.5 2.2 – 0.4 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 4.7 6.2 2.4 – 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.6 1.5 1.6 2.1 0.7 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 2.8 2.9 1.7 1.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.7 1.6 1.7 2.4 0.7 0.2 3 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.7 1.6 0.8 0.2 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.2 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ – 1.4 2.8 5.6 2.6 – 0.5 1.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.1 0.8 0.7 1.9 1.4 1.2 0.2 3 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.2 1.3 2.6 2.6 1.1 0.3 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 2.8 4.3 2.6 1.6 0.4 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – 5.5 3.8 2.5 0.5 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – 6.2 3.0 2.5 0.5 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.7 1.8 0.9 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.6 2.9 2.1 1.8 0.3 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.8 2.1 1.0 0.2 0.2

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.3 1.8 1.7 0.2 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.9 1.8 0.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ – – 2.3 3.0 6.0 3.2 0.6 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.8 2.3 2.1 0.2 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.2 1.1 2.1 2.5 2.5 0.3 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 2.7 4.9 4.2 4.1 0.5 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – – 5.5 5.0 4.5 0.7 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 2.9 – 7.4 8.0 0.9 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.9 1.9 0.2 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.6 2.3 3.4 3.3 0.4 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.5 0.4 1.3 2.0 2.0 0.2 0.4

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 11 18 22 25 28 89 12 15 18 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 13 18 22 25 27 87 13 15 18 22

Professional and related .................................... 15 19 22 25 27 85 13 15 18 21

Service ................................................................... 10 18 22 25 28 90 11 14 17 21

Protective service .............................................. 8 18 21 25 29 92 11 14 17 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 10 18 23 26 29 90 12 15 18 22

Office and administrative support ...................... 10 18 23 26 29 90 12 15 18 22

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 19 23 26 29 93 11 14 17 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 8 15 20 23 24 92 11 14 17 21

Full time ................................................................. 11 18 22 25 28 89 12 15 18 22

Part time ................................................................ 14 15 18 21 23 86 9 12 15 18

Union ..................................................................... 6 19 24 28 31 94 11 15 18 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 15 18 21 24 27 85 12 15 17 21

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 14 17 21 24 27 86 11 14 17 20

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 19 17 21 24 26 81 12 14 17 20

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10 19 23 26 29 90 12 15 18 22

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11 18 22 25 28 89 12 15 18 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 10 20 23 26 28 90 13 15 18 21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 9 21 24 27 29 91 13 16 18 21

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 18 22 25 28 89 12 15 18 21

Education and health services ........................... 12 19 21 24 26 88 13 15 18 21

Educational services ...................................... 4 16 17 18 20 96 13 15 17 20

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4 10 10 11 12 96 11 13 16 18

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5 23 27 29 30 95 15 17 19 22

Health care and social assistance ................. 31 20 23 26 28 69 12 16 19 23

Hospitals .................................................... 34 20 23 26 28 66 13 17 20 23

Public administration ......................................... 10 18 22 26 30 90 11 15 18 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 12 18 21 23 26 88 11 14 17 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 11 18 22 26 28 89 12 15 18 22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 18 22 26 29 87 11 14 17 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 10 18 22 25 28 90 12 15 18 22

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

State government .................................................. 6 19 22 25 27 94 13 16 19 23

Local government .................................................. 14 18 22 25 28 86 11 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3 20 23 26 28 97 12 16 19 22

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 19 23 26 30 97 12 16 19 22

South ..................................................................... 14 17 20 23 26 86 12 15 17 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 9 18 20 23 26 91 12 15 17 21

East South Central ............................................ 13 20 25 28 30 87 12 15 18 21

West South Central ........................................... 24 16 18 21 24 76 12 14 17 21

Midwest ................................................................. 11 18 23 26 28 89 11 14 17 21

East North Central ............................................. 9 19 23 25 29 91 11 14 17 21

West ...................................................................... 12 19 24 28 31 88 12 15 17 21

Pacific ................................................................ 13 19 25 29 31 87 12 15 17 21

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government

workers, March 2016

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Service ................................................................... 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 1.8 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.9 2.1 2.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.1 1.3 1.6 2.5 2.8 3.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 3.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 2.0 2.6 2.5 2.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 2.9 3.4 2.8 2.2 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 3.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Hospitals .................................................... 4.8 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.2 4.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.2 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 3.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.3 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.3 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, State and local government

workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

State government .................................................. 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

Local government .................................................. 1.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

South ..................................................................... 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.2 2.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 5.0 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.1 5.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Midwest ................................................................. 2.5 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.3 2.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4

West ...................................................................... 2.7 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.1 2.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 3.3 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.3 3.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 13 4 11 53 75

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 14 4 10 55 75

Professional and related .................................... 14 4 9 54 75

Teachers ........................................................ 12 3 5 52 71

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 1 3 50 71

Service ................................................................... 12 5 10 51 74

Protective service .............................................. 12 5 13 56 81

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 4 16 52 75

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 4 17 54 77

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 11 3 12 57 76

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6 – 12 43 69

Full time ................................................................. 14 4 12 56 78

Part time ................................................................ 8 2 7 38 55

Union ..................................................................... 16 2 14 56 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 6 8 51 67

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 4 5 44 63

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 7 – 3 40 56

Second 25 percent ............................................ 17 5 15 54 79

Third 25 percent ................................................ 15 4 13 58 78

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 13 3 12 57 80

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 17 5 12 58 82

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 4 11 53 75

Education and health services ........................... 14 4 7 53 74

Educational services ...................................... 13 3 6 51 72

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 8 1 3 47 71

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 28 – – 65 78

Health care and social assistance ................. 18 – 16 64 88

Hospitals .................................................... 21 – – 68 90

Public administration ......................................... 16 5 17 55 77

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8 4 5 37 48

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 5 7 35 41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – 41 58

100 workers or more .............................................. 14 4 12 55 78

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10 2 6 41 59

500 workers or more .......................................... 16 5 14 60 85

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Quality of life benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

State government .................................................. 28 – 22 70 86

Local government .................................................. 8 2 7 47 71

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 19 – 5 41 80

New England ..................................................... 17 – 5 35 75

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 20 – 5 43 82

South ..................................................................... 11 7 5 55 71

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 8 5 62 83

East South Central ............................................ – – – 42 47

West South Central ........................................... 7 2 5 50 64

Midwest ................................................................. 12 – – 48 67

East North Central ............................................. 10 1 15 49 66

West North Central ............................................ – – – 47 69

West ...................................................................... 15 4 25 67 85

Mountain ............................................................ 17 – 21 64 89

Pacific ................................................................ 14 4 27 68 84

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2016

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.1 0.3 0.8 1.9 1.7

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.9 2.2 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 1.2 1.5 2.8 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 1.2 1.9 2.5 2.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 1.2 2.0 2.5 2.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 1.0 1.8 3.8 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 – 2.5 4.6 5.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 0.7 1.5 2.7 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.6 1.2 1.9 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.3 2.4 2.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.3 0.8 2.4 2.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 – 0.8 3.2 3.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 0.9 1.4 2.0 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.7 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 0.3 0.4 1.8 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7.0 – – 6.2 6.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 – 4.2 3.2 2.3

Hospitals .................................................... 3.8 – – 3.3 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.6 1.3 2.4 2.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.2 1.6 3.7 4.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 1.6 2.1 5.3 5.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – – 6.9 7.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.7 1.1 3.0 2.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

State government .................................................. 4.2 – 4.0 4.1 3.6

Local government .................................................. 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.6 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 – 0.9 2.6 2.0

New England ..................................................... 4.0 – 2.0 7.0 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 – 1.0 2.4 2.7

South ..................................................................... 2.4 2.5 0.6 3.3 2.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 2.8 0.9 4.0 2.2

East South Central ............................................ – – – 9.9 9.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 0.7 1.0 4.8 4.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.5 – – 2.6 2.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 0.4 2.1 3.1 2.3

West North Central ............................................ – – – 4.4 6.2

West ...................................................................... 2.3 0.9 1.8 3.3 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 – 4.1 6.1 3.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.9 1.0 1.9 4.0 2.2

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care

center, or a baby sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 26 34 55 61 61 25

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 27 36 57 64 62 25

Professional and related .................................... 26 36 56 64 62 24

Teachers ........................................................ 25 36 52 62 58 20

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 21 37 51 62 58 18

Service ................................................................... 23 28 52 56 59 24

Protective service .............................................. 25 29 59 61 61 29

Sales and office ..................................................... 27 35 58 62 64 27

Office and administrative support ...................... 27 35 59 63 65 28

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 26 36 55 57 62 25

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 22 31 42 44 57 15

Full time ................................................................. 28 37 60 66 66 26

Part time ................................................................ 14 16 30 34 35 15

Union ..................................................................... 21 32 57 65 65 29

Nonunion ............................................................... 29 36 54 58 58 21

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 30 46 50 54 20

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 22 25 38 41 50 15

Second 25 percent ............................................ 27 35 60 63 64 27

Third 25 percent ................................................ 26 38 59 64 63 28

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 26 34 59 67 66 23

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 25 30 53 64 64 26

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 26 34 55 61 61 24

Education and health services ........................... 27 36 55 63 61 23

Educational services ...................................... 28 36 55 63 61 22

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 22 36 51 59 57 19

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 48 35 67 76 74 30

Health care and social assistance ................. 20 39 61 65 61 30

Hospitals .................................................... 24 44 61 62 62 30

Public administration ......................................... 25 32 58 60 63 30

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 18 22 34 38 45 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 16 19 34 37 40 18

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 22 27 34 39 50 25

100 workers or more .............................................. 27 36 58 64 64 25

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 18 30 44 47 57 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 30 37 63 70 66 27

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

State government .................................................. 40 33 74 76 79 41

Local government .................................................. 21 34 49 56 55 19

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 12 36 46 68 26

New England ..................................................... – – 43 43 56 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 14 34 47 73 27

South ..................................................................... 33 44 62 66 63 20

South Atlantic .................................................... 33 46 65 69 58 25

East South Central ............................................ 50 51 40 46 70 –

West South Central ........................................... 23 37 70 73 66 16

Midwest ................................................................. 24 25 50 55 57 28

East North Central ............................................. 23 16 41 47 57 24

West North Central ............................................ 25 41 65 70 56 36

West ...................................................................... 31 44 67 70 58 28

Mountain ............................................................ 28 – 66 67 64 26

Pacific ................................................................ 32 46 67 71 56 29

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred

arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of

the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the

employer to fund the established plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March

2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2016

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 1.7

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.4 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.0 3.2 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.8 4.9 2.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.3 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.2 1.8

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.9 2.4 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 2.4 2.9 3.4 3.4 1.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.0 1.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.0 3.4 6.4 6.1 3.3 4.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 3.5 3.7 3.3 4.2 4.1

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 4.8 4.6 3.6 5.8 5.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.6 3.2 3.5 3.7 4.9 3.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.8 2.9 3.7 3.8 5.3 3.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.4 5.9 6.6 7.5 6.4 5.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

Flexible planning

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

State government .................................................. 3.1 2.8 3.7 3.8 2.8 3.7

Local government .................................................. 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 2.6 2.9 3.0 3.0 1.4

New England ..................................................... – – 6.9 6.4 4.2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.8 1.4

South ..................................................................... 2.1 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.7 2.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.4 4.2 2.8 2.7 4.3 3.2

East South Central ............................................ 7.1 8.2 8.9 12.1 6.9 –

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 4.6 3.4 3.8 2.4 3.3

Midwest ................................................................. 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.1 2.9 3.7

East North Central ............................................. 3.4 2.4 2.8 2.0 3.9 2.8

West North Central ............................................ 5.8 6.4 5.8 3.7 4.0 7.9

West ...................................................................... 3.6 4.0 4.8 4.7 2.2 2.7

Mountain ............................................................ 7.1 – 14.2 14.4 4.5 2.6

Pacific ................................................................ 4.1 2.4 3.6 2.9 2.2 3.6

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred

arrangement plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of

the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the

employer to fund the established plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March

2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 28 72 66

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 30 75 69

Professional and related .................................... 30 74 68

Teachers ........................................................ 27 73 66

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 22 75 66

Service ................................................................... 25 66 61

Protective service .............................................. 26 73 66

Sales and office ..................................................... 28 71 66

Office and administrative support ...................... 28 73 68

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 26 64 60

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 15 69 63

Full time ................................................................. 30 75 69

Part time ................................................................ 13 49 48

Union ..................................................................... 26 78 72

Nonunion ............................................................... 29 66 61

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 20 59 54

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 19 48 44

Second 25 percent ............................................ 31 75 70

Third 25 percent ................................................ 32 76 71

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 29 78 70

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 80 76

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 28 71 66

Education and health services ........................... 31 73 67

Educational services ...................................... 30 73 67

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 22 73 66

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 75 71

Health care and social assistance ................. 36 73 62

Hospitals .................................................... 34 71 60

Public administration ......................................... 25 73 68

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 16 47 42

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 14 43 41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 18 52 45

100 workers or more .............................................. 30 75 69

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 15 64 57

500 workers or more .......................................... 34 79 73

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Health-related benefits: Access, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

State government .................................................. 44 85 84

Local government .................................................. 22 67 60

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 83 77

New England ..................................................... 11 78 74

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17 84 78

South ..................................................................... 36 71 65

South Atlantic .................................................... 42 75 70

East South Central ............................................ – 55 49

West South Central ........................................... 23 76 68

Midwest ................................................................. 16 59 51

East North Central ............................................. 13 57 53

West North Central ............................................ – 62 48

West ...................................................................... 37 76 73

Mountain ............................................................ 24 74 73

Pacific ................................................................ 42 76 74

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access, State

and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 1.5 1.4 1.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.3 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.3 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.4 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 1.5 1.8

Service ................................................................... 2.0 2.0 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 2.5 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.2 2.5 2.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 2.5 2.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 4.3 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 3.8 4.1

Full time ................................................................. 1.6 1.5 1.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 2.5 2.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.2 2.2 2.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 2.5 2.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.7 3.6 3.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 1.9 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 1.9 2.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.4 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 2.2 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 1.4 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.5 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.6 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 1.7 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.5 3.7 3.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.3 3.3 4.1

Hospitals .................................................... 6.2 4.4 5.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.8 2.0 2.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.6 4.4 4.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 4.2 4.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.0 7.6 7.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.6 1.3 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 2.9 2.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.3 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access, State

and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

State government .................................................. 4.2 2.4 2.3

Local government .................................................. 1.1 1.5 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.4 1.6

New England ..................................................... 2.9 2.8 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 1.6 2.0

South ..................................................................... 3.1 3.0 2.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.0 2.4 2.6

East South Central ............................................ – 10.4 8.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 3.3 3.5

Midwest ................................................................. 3.9 2.4 2.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 3.0 2.9

West North Central ............................................ – 3.7 5.6

West ...................................................................... 2.7 2.9 2.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.4 5.6 5.3

Pacific ................................................................ 3.4 3.4 2.2

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 33 4 1 1 15 6 1 13

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 33 4 1 1 15 4 1 14

Professional and related .................................... 31 4 3 ( ) 1 14 4 3 ( ) 13

Teachers ........................................................ 29 2 – – 15 2 – 13

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 32 2 – – 17 3 – 14

Service ................................................................... 33 4 1 2 13 7 – 12

Protective service .............................................. 44 6 – 3 16 12 – 16

Sales and office ..................................................... 35 4 1 2 16 6 1 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 36 4 1 2 16 6 1 14

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 3 – 2 16 14 – 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 30 2 – – 17 5 – 8

Full time ................................................................. 37 4 1 1 17 7 1 15

Part time ................................................................ 10 1 1 1 4 1 – 3

Union ..................................................................... 40 5 – – 25 6 – 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 28 3 1 2 5 6 1 14

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 1 1 3 7 5 3 ( ) 10

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 3 () 1 2 4 4 – 8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 37 6 1 1 15 8 – 14

Third 25 percent ................................................ 37 5 1 1 16 7 1 15

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 36 5 3 ( ) – 21 4 3 ( ) 13

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 41 5 – – 22 4 – 15

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 33 4 1 1 15 6 1 13

Education and health services ........................... 29 3 1 1 13 4 1 12

Educational services ...................................... 27 2 3 ( ) – 13 3 – 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 1 – – 15 3 – 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 26 6 – – 9 3 – 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 43 9 3 6 13 6 4 18

Hospitals .................................................... 44 6 – 6 15 6 4 20

Public administration ......................................... 42 6 1 2 18 9 – 16

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 35 – 3 7 12 10 – 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 31 – – 8 8 – – 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 41 – – 5 18 10 – 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 33 4 1 1 15 5 1 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 31 1 2 – 15 6 1 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 34 5 – 3 ( ) 15 5 1 14

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

State government .................................................. 46 11 – – 17 8 2 22

Local government .................................................. 29 2 1 2 14 5 3 ( ) 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 39 – 3 ( ) – 25 6 – 19

New England ..................................................... 41 – – – 25 10 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 39 – – – 25 4 – 20

South ..................................................................... 35 4 2 3 5 7 1 18

South Atlantic .................................................... 44 6 2 3 5 7 2 25

West South Central ........................................... 32 3 – – 7 7 – 16

Midwest ................................................................. 25 1 1 – 15 7 – 5

East North Central ............................................. 30 1 – – 20 8 – 6

West North Central ............................................ 17 – – – 5 – – 5

West ...................................................................... 35 11 – – 22 1 – 7

Mountain ............................................................ 17 – – – – 1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 41 14 – – 30 1 – 6

1 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary

of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.1 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 0.4 – – 1.2 0.5 – 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 0.4 – – 1.5 0.6 – 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.9 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.4 0.9 – 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 1.7 – 1.3 2.1 1.7 – 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 0.7 0.4 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.3 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.4 0.9 0.3 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 0.7 – 0.9 1.8 3.6 – 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.6 0.7 – – 2.8 1.3 – 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.5 – 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.6 – – 1.4 0.8 – 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.4 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.3 – 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 0.9 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.2 – 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.2 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.5 0.1 – 1.2 0.5 0.2 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 0.8 – – 1.5 0.8 – 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 0.3 0.2 – 1.1 0.5 – 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 0.3 – – 1.2 0.6 – 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 0.7 – – 1.8 1.4 – 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.1 1.4 0.9 1.7 2.0 1.1 1.0 2.3

Hospitals .................................................... 6.1 1.2 – 2.8 2.9 1.1 1.6 2.9

Public administration ......................................... 2.3 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.8 1.3 – 2.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.6 – 1.3 2.0 1.7 2.9 – 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.7 – – 2.8 2.1 – – 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.5 – – 2.2 4.2 2.9 – 2.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.2 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.7 0.2 0.7 – 1.8 1.1 0.2 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.5 – 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.3 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, State and local government workers, March

2016—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

State government .................................................. 3.2 1.2 – – 2.2 2.0 0.7 2.6

Local government .................................................. 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.2 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 – 0.1 – 1.5 1.1 – 1.4

New England ..................................................... 4.4 – – – 2.3 3.1 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.8 – – – 1.9 1.0 – 1.0

South ..................................................................... 2.4 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.5 1.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.7 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.6 0.9 2.9

West South Central ........................................... 3.1 0.7 – – 1.6 1.9 – 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 2.7 0.4 0.2 – 1.9 1.6 – 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 3.3 0.5 – – 2.6 1.7 – 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 3.8 – – – 2.2 – – 1.2

West ...................................................................... 2.6 1.1 – – 2.6 0.5 – 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 4.7 – – – – 0.5 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 1.5 – – 3.2 0.7 – 1.2

1 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary

of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, State and local

government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 50 49 35 29

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 53 51 35 30

Professional and related .................................... 53 52 35 29

Teachers ........................................................ 52 50 33 27

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 56 54 31 26

Service ................................................................... 43 42 32 25

Protective service .............................................. 44 43 37 28

Sales and office ..................................................... 54 53 39 34

Office and administrative support ...................... 55 55 40 34

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 46 46 33 27

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 39 40 31 30

Full time ................................................................. 55 54 39 32

Part time ................................................................ 20 21 14 13

Union ..................................................................... 53 51 55 45

Nonunion ............................................................... 47 47 18 15

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 38 39 15 13

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 32 33 8 7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 51 50 37 31

Third 25 percent ................................................ 52 51 39 33

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 58 55 49 40

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 63 56 59 50

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 50 49 35 29

Education and health services ........................... 52 50 33 28

Educational services ...................................... 53 52 33 27

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 53 52 29 24

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 54 53 48 37

Health care and social assistance ................. 40 40 33 30

Hospitals .................................................... 37 40 33 32

Public administration ......................................... 49 48 40 33

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 34 18 16

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 28 28 14 13

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 43 42 23 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 52 51 37 31

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 40 41 25 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 56 54 41 34

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, State and local

government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

State government .................................................. 58 57 46 36

Local government .................................................. 47 46 31 27

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 53 47 52 44

New England ..................................................... 34 27 35 28

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 61 54 58 51

South ..................................................................... 53 54 11 9

South Atlantic .................................................... 45 45 13 8

East South Central ............................................ 71 72 – –

West South Central ........................................... 56 57 12 12

Midwest ................................................................. – – 23 –

East North Central ............................................. – – 25 11

West ...................................................................... 77 76 76 70

Mountain ............................................................ 61 61 49 34

Pacific ................................................................ 83 82 86 83

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see the Unmarried

Domestic Partners Benefit Fact Sheet at:www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs_domestic2012.pdf. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

State and local government workers, March 2016

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.5

Service ................................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.8

Full time ................................................................. 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.2

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.8 2.8 1.7 1.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.9 2.8 1.1 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.4 4.3 1.0 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.9 2.9 2.0 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.8 4.9 5.3 5.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.9 6.0 4.3 5.2

Hospitals .................................................... 8.7 8.5 6.0 7.4

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 2.5 1.9 2.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.2 4.2 2.5 2.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.4 4.3 2.5 2.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.0 7.0 4.9 4.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.3 3.6 2.1 2.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

State government .................................................. 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.5

Local government .................................................. 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 2.6 2.7 3.0

New England ..................................................... 3.4 3.3 6.2 7.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.0

South ..................................................................... 3.0 3.0 1.2 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.2 4.1 1.6 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 6.9 7.1 – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 3.3 2.3 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. – – 4.9 –

East North Central ............................................. – – 3.2 3.4

West ...................................................................... 2.3 2.3 2.8 2.7

Mountain ............................................................ 4.4 4.3 6.6 4.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 2.0 1.0 2.0

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see the Unmarried

Domestic Partners Benefit Fact Sheet at:www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs_domestic2012.pdf. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 87 1 3 9 79 9 1 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 88 1 3 8 79 10 1 10

Professional and related .................................... 88 1 3 8 78 11 1 10

Teachers ........................................................ 88 – – 9 78 11 1 11

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 98 – 1 1 85 12 – –

Service ................................................................... 82 1 4 13 76 7 2 16

Protective service .............................................. 89 – – 8 85 5 1 9

Sales and office ..................................................... 89 – – 8 81 9 1 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 – – 7 81 9 1 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 – 2 – 91 4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 – 6 – 74 7 3 16

Full time ................................................................. 98 1 () 1 1 ( ) 90 9 1 () 1

Part time ................................................................ 21 3 19 57 17 7 5 71

Union ..................................................................... 95 1 3 2 85 10 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 80 1 4 15 73 8 1 18

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 69 1 7 22 62 9 2 27

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 54 2 9 35 48 8 2 41

Second 25 percent ............................................ 90 1 3 6 83 9 1 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 – – 5 84 10 1 () 6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 96 1 ( ) 2 2 88 9 1 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 96 – – 2 88 9 1 3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 87 1 3 9 79 9 1 11

Education and health services ........................... 88 1 4 8 78 10 1 10

Educational services ...................................... 87 1 4 8 78 10 1 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 88 1 5 7 76 12 2 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 1 3 10 83 4 1 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 90 – – 8 82 – – 9

Hospitals .................................................... 92 – – 4 90 – – 6

Public administration ......................................... 88 1 3 9 82 7 1 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 2 5 19 63 14 2 22

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 66 2 6 25 62 7 2 29

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 87 – – 10 64 – – 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 89 1 3 7 81 8 1 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 84 1 4 11 73 12 2 13

500 workers or more .......................................... 90 1 3 6 84 7 1 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 82 6 3 9 32 56 1 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 84 5 3 8 33 56 1 10

Professional and related .................................... 84 5 3 8 32 57 1 10

Teachers ........................................................ 85 3 3 9 31 57 1 11

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 97 – 1 – 28 70 – 2

Service ................................................................... 75 7 4 14 28 54 1 16

Protective service .............................................. 84 5 2 9 32 57 1 9

Sales and office ..................................................... 83 7 2 8 35 55 1 9

Office and administrative support ...................... 84 6 2 8 34 56 1 9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 89 7 – – 33 62 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 73 8 – – 24 57 – –

Full time ................................................................. 92 6 1 1 ( ) 37 62 1 () 1

Part time ................................................................ 20 4 17 59 4 20 6 70

Union ..................................................................... 92 3 3 2 33 63 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 72 9 3 15 32 50 1 17

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 63 7 7 23 25 46 2 27

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 49 8 8 36 17 39 3 41

Second 25 percent ............................................ 84 7 3 6 33 59 1 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 88 6 1 6 35 58 1 6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 4 2 2 36 61 1 () 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 6 2 2 42 54 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 82 6 3 9 32 56 1 11

Education and health services ........................... 83 6 4 8 32 57 1 11

Educational services ...................................... 85 3 4 8 28 60 1 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 87 1 4 7 22 66 1 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 76 11 2 11 48 39 1 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 68 23 1 9 54 36 1 8

Hospitals .................................................... 68 25 1 5 56 38 2 5

Public administration ......................................... 84 4 2 9 33 55 1 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 66 11 4 19 27 50 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 57 12 5 26 – 47 – 29

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 9 3 10 34 54 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 5 3 8 33 57 1 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 77 8 4 11 30 55 1 14

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 5 3 7 34 57 1 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

State government .................................................. 93 1 1 6 86 8 1 () 6

Local government .................................................. 85 1 4 10 76 9 2 13

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 87 1 4 8 79 9 2 10

New England ..................................................... 83 – – 11 70 17 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 88 – – 7 82 5 2 10

South ..................................................................... 90 1 2 8 82 9 1 9

South Atlantic .................................................... 89 1 1 9 83 7 1 10

East South Central ............................................ 94 – – 4 89 6 – 5

West South Central ........................................... 90 1 2 8 76 15 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 81 1 6 12 77 5 2 16

East North Central ............................................. 78 1 7 14 76 3 3 18

West North Central ............................................ 85 – – 9 78 8 1 13

West ...................................................................... 88 – – 8 75 13 1 11

Mountain ............................................................ 85 – – 10 79 – – 13

Pacific ................................................................ 89 – – 7 74 16 1 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

State government .................................................. 87 7 1 ( ) 6 44 50 1 () 6

Local government .................................................. 80 6 4 10 28 58 1 13

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 83 5 4 8 29 59 1 12

New England ..................................................... 80 – – 11 – 75 – 13

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 84 4 5 7 36 52 1 11

South ..................................................................... 85 6 1 8 36 55 1 9

South Atlantic .................................................... 87 3 1 9 49 40 1 10

East South Central ............................................ 86 – – 4 27 69 – –

West South Central ........................................... 81 9 2 8 20 71 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 73 8 6 13 38 44 2 16

East North Central ............................................. 73 6 6 14 41 38 3 18

West North Central ............................................ 75 – – 10 32 54 – –

West ...................................................................... 84 5 3 8 22 67 1 11

Mountain ............................................................ 80 6 2 11 23 64 1 12

Pacific ................................................................ 85 5 3 8 21 69 – –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2016

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.3 0.2 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 – – 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.4 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.5 – 0.5 0.2 1.8 1.7 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.5 0.2 0.4 1.4 1.7 0.9 0.3 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 – – 1.1 1.7 1.0 0.4 1.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 – – 1.2 2.2 1.9 0.2 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 – – 1.2 2.2 1.9 0.2 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 – 0.3 – 2.0 1.2 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.8 – 2.1 – 4.7 2.0 1.6 4.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 0.6 1.4 2.0 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.7 1.3 0.2 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 0.4 0.7 1.7 1.9 1.1 0.4 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.3 0.7 1.0 3.0 3.1 1.7 0.5 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 – – 1.4 1.9 1.5 0.1 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.8 – – 0.7 1.5 1.3 0.4 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.4 1.2 0.2 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.7 1.6 0.3 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 0.2 0.8 1.6 2.1 1.1 0.3 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.4 – – 1.4 2.6 – – 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 1.6 – – 1.6 1.7 – – 1.5

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 0.2 0.5 1.4 2.1 1.4 0.2 1.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.4 0.8 1.3 2.8 4.1 3.6 0.6 3.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.8 1.2 1.8 4.4 4.8 2.2 0.9 4.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 – – 1.5 7.9 – – 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.4 0.5 1.5 2.4 2.0 0.4 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.1 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.6 1.9 1.8 0.1 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 1.8 1.7 0.1 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.8 1.9 1.9 0.2 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 – 0.5 – 2.1 2.1 – 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.9 2.2 0.2 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 1.8 0.4 1.1 2.9 3.1 0.4 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.1 1.2 0.5 1.3 2.5 2.5 0.4 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 1.1 0.6 1.3 2.6 2.6 0.4 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 1.8 – – 3.6 3.9 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.8 2.5 – – 3.7 4.2 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.1 1.8 1.9 0.1 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 0.7 1.3 2.0 0.7 1.7 0.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.2 2.1 0.1 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.7 1.1 0.4 1.1 2.1 2.2 0.2 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 1.1 0.7 1.7 2.3 2.8 0.4 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.7 1.7 1.0 3.0 2.3 4.3 0.5 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.7 2.2 2.3 0.2 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 0.9 0.2 1.4 2.4 2.3 0.2 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.1 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 2.0 0.4 0.7 2.7 2.6 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.1 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.5 2.0 1.8 0.2 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.8 1.7 0.2 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.9 1.7 0.2 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 2.5 0.6 1.7 4.2 3.7 0.4 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.9 3.3 0.3 1.4 4.3 4.4 0.3 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 4.9 4.2 0.4 1.6 5.0 5.4 0.5 1.5

Public administration ......................................... 1.7 0.8 0.5 1.4 2.6 2.6 0.3 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.8 2.1 1.2 2.9 3.3 4.7 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.0 2.9 1.7 4.5 – 5.1 – 4.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 2.7 1.0 1.5 6.5 5.6 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.7 1.6 0.1 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 1.4 0.5 1.5 2.5 2.7 0.2 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.9 1.8 0.1 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

State government .................................................. 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.8 2.4 2.2 0.1 0.9

Local government .................................................. 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.4 1.3

New England ..................................................... 3.0 – – 2.7 3.6 3.8 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 – – 1.2 2.0 0.8 0.7 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.2 0.3 1.0 2.1 1.7 0.2 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 0.3 0.2 1.6 3.3 2.7 0.1 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 – – 0.9 3.4 2.3 – 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 0.2 0.7 1.6 3.6 2.6 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 0.3 0.8 1.7 1.9 0.9 0.5 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.8 0.3 1.0 2.5 2.7 1.2 0.7 2.5

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 – – 1.5 2.3 1.4 0.5 2.0

West ...................................................................... 0.8 – – 0.9 3.2 3.3 0.2 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 – – 1.7 5.5 – – 1.5

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 – – 1.1 4.0 4.2 0.3 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

State government .................................................. 1.7 1.5 0.1 0.9 3.3 3.2 0.2 0.8

Local government .................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.5 1.6 0.2 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.4 0.5 1.1 2.3 2.3 0.2 1.3

New England ..................................................... 5.2 – – 2.7 – 5.1 – 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 0.7 0.6 1.3 2.8 2.8 0.3 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.2 1.0 3.0 2.9 0.1 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 0.7 0.2 1.6 4.4 3.8 0.1 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 4.1 – – 1.4 6.8 7.5 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.6 0.7 1.6 1.9 1.9 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.6 1.9 0.8 1.7 3.4 3.3 0.5 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 1.9 1.0 2.4 3.7 3.5 0.7 2.7

West North Central ............................................ 4.9 – – 1.6 6.7 6.7 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.8 4.0 3.7 0.2 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 3.3 2.9 0.6 1.7 5.1 5.8 0.5 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.5 0.6 0.9 5.2 4.6 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 34 56 58 57 92 93 87

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 25 61 42 40 94 94 85

Professional and related .................................... 21 62 35 33 94 94 84

Teachers ........................................................ 8 65 10 8 93 93 79

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 7 77 9 7 99 99 86

Service ................................................................... 43 50 76 74 88 88 86

Protective service .............................................. 50 51 88 85 91 92 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 48 51 85 83 93 93 91

Office and administrative support ...................... 49 53 85 84 93 94 92

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 46 46 95 96 97 97 97

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 37 60 59 59 91 95 92

Full time ................................................................. 38 63 65 64 99 100 95

Part time ................................................................ 8 21 19 18 52 53 45

Union ..................................................................... 38 69 57 55 98 98 92

Nonunion ............................................................... 30 46 60 59 87 88 83

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 25 41 56 54 81 82 78

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 15 30 42 41 70 70 65

Second 25 percent ............................................ 47 54 83 82 96 96 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 41 62 64 64 95 95 92

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 24 69 35 33 98 98 86

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 23 61 32 31 98 98 78

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 33 56 58 57 92 93 87

Education and health services ........................... 24 60 41 40 94 94 85

Educational services ...................................... 20 61 35 32 94 94 84

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 18 69 26 23 95 95 84

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 27 37 62 62 91 91 84

Health care and social assistance ................. 52 53 89 89 93 94 92

Hospitals .................................................... 47 46 92 93 95 95 94

Public administration ......................................... 51 51 87 87 91 91 91

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 45 66 65 83 83 82

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 31 37 67 66 76 76 76

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 38 57 64 62 92 93 90

100 workers or more .............................................. 33 58 57 56 94 94 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 34 57 59 56 91 92 87

500 workers or more .......................................... 33 58 57 56 95 95 88

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Paid leave combinations: Access, State and local government workers, March 2016—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

State government .................................................. 47 51 83 83 95 96 92

Local government .................................................. 29 58 50 48 91 92 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 45 71 54 53 93 93 86

New England ..................................................... 44 80 45 45 91 92 88

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 45 67 57 57 93 94 85

South ..................................................................... 29 51 60 58 94 94 89

South Atlantic .................................................... 34 52 64 63 93 94 89

East South Central ............................................ 17 37 62 60 95 95 89

West South Central ........................................... 27 57 52 48 94 94 89

Midwest ................................................................. 31 57 54 53 88 89 86

East North Central ............................................. 36 64 52 52 87 87 84

West North Central ............................................ 23 47 58 56 91 91 88

West ...................................................................... 35 53 64 62 94 94 87

Mountain ............................................................ 23 48 52 51 90 90 87

Pacific ................................................................ 39 54 68 67 95 95 87

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2016

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 2.0 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 1.6

Service ................................................................... 2.0 2.1 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.9 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.5 2.4 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.4 2.4 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.5 3.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.1 4.9 3.3 3.5 3.1 1.7 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.6 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.5 2.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 2.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.3 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 2.4 1.9 1.9 0.4 0.4 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.5 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.4 0.5 0.5 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.2 3.8 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.5 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.9 4.2 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 5.2 5.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Public administration ......................................... 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.5 2.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.7 5.2 3.8 4.2 1.6 1.6 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.4 2.8 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 46. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, State and local government workers,

March 2016—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

State government .................................................. 3.0 3.2 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9 1.2

Local government .................................................. 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.8 0.8

New England ..................................................... 2.8 3.4 3.1 4.0 2.3 2.0 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.0 1.0

South ..................................................................... 2.2 2.9 1.6 1.8 0.7 0.7 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.2 3.9 2.2 2.4 1.1 1.1 2.3

East South Central ............................................ 3.4 6.7 3.5 4.3 1.4 1.5 3.9

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 4.6 2.8 3.2 1.1 1.1 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.6 2.6 2.2

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.0 1.9 1.9 2.6

West ...................................................................... 3.0 3.1 2.1 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 5.3 6.5 4.7 4.5 2.1 2.1 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 3.6 3.4 2.4 2.3 1.3 1.3 1.9

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2016.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/glossary20152016.htm.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 1. Survey establishment response, March 2016

Establishments Civilian Private industry State and local

governments

Total in sampling frame1 ................................ 6,173,978 5,946,179 227,799

 Total in sample ............................................ 11,400 9,811 1,589

 Responding2 .............................................. 8,358 6,886 1,472

 Refused3 .................................................... 2,102 2,009 93

 Out of business or not in survey scope ..... 940 916 24

1 The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed from

State unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2012 North American Industry Classification System

(NAICS). For private industries, an establishment is usually a single physical location. For state and local

governments, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government entity. 2 Establishments that provided data at the initial interview. 3 Establishments that did not provide data at the initial interview. Data for establishments not responding at

the time of update interviews are imputed. Detailed information on nonresponse adjustment and imputation can

be found in BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 8, “National Compensation Measures,” Bureau of Labor

Statistics, on the Internet at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

17
Appendix table 2. Number of workers represented,1 March 2016

Occupational group2 Civilian workers Private industry

workers

State and local

government

workers

All workers ..................................................... 133,189,200 114,163,700 19,025,500

Management, professional, and related .... 41,161,500 30,594,900 10,566,700

Management, business, and financial ... 12,096,200 10,524,200 –

Professional and related ........................ 29,065,400 20,070,700 8,994,700

Teachers ........................................... 6,698,400 – 5,045,200

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers ........... 4,466,600 – 3,738,900

Registered nurses ............................. 3,029,800 – –

Service ...................................................... 28,598,200 24,593,500 4,004,600

Protective service .................................. 3,265,900 1,394,000 1,871,900

Sales and office ......................................... 33,202,200 30,552,300 2,649,900

Sales and related .................................. 12,487,200 12,372,400 –

Office and administrative support .......... 20,715,000 18,179,900 2,535,100

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................ 10,523,800 9,531,000 992,800

Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry ............................. 5,103,100 4,532,900 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair .... 5,420,700 4,998,100 –

Production, transportation, and material

moving ..................................................... 19,703,600 18,892,100 811,500

Production ............................................. 9,428,000 9,318,100 –

Transportation and material moving ...... 10,275,600 9,574,000 –

1 The number of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the

number of workers provide a description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey.

Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends

or levels. 2 The 2010 Standard Occupational Classification system is used to classify workers.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no estimates for

this characteristic are provided in this publication.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

18
Technical Note

Data in this release are from the National Compensation Survey (NCS), conducted by the U.S. Department of Labor, 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This publication contains March 2016 data on civilian, private industry, and state 

and local government workers in the United States. Excluded are federal government workers, the military, 

agricultural workers, private household workers, and the self-employed. This release provides data on the incidence 

and key provisions of selected benefit plans, as well as on premiums paid by employers and employees for medical 

care and employee contribution requirements in retirement plans.

Calculation details

Average hourly earnings from sampled occupations within an establishment were used to produce estimates for 

worker groups within six earnings categories: the lowest 10 percent, the lowest 25 percent, the second 25 percent, 

the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 10 percent. The categories are based on unpublished 

March 2016 wages and salaries from the Employer Costs for Employee Compensation. 

The percentiles were computed using earnings and scheduled hours of work reported for individual workers in 

sampled establishment jobs. Establishments in the survey are asked to report only individual worker earnings for 

each sampled job. For the calculation of the hourly percentile values, the individual worker hourly earnings are 

weighted and arrayed from lowest to highest. The values corresponding to the percentiles are:

Characteristics

Hourly wage percentiles

10 25 50

(median) 75 90

Civilian workers $9.54 $12.40 $18.52 $29.80 $45.36

Private industry workers $9.37 $12.00 $17.73 $28.60 $44.33

State and local government workers $12.70 $16.71 $24.20 $35.99 $49.79

 

The lowest 10-percent and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly wage less 

than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-percent category includes those 

occupations that make at or above the 25th percentile value but less than the 50th percentile value. The third 25-

percent category includes those occupations that make at or above the 50th percentile value but less than the 75th 

percentile value. Finally, the highest 25- and 10-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average 

wage value greater than or equal to the 75th and 90th percentile value, respectively.

(Note: Individual workers can fall into an earnings category different from the average for the occupation into which 

they are classified because average hourly earnings for the occupation are used to produce the benefit estimates.) 

Access 

Employees are considered to have access to a benefit plan if it is available for their use. For example, if an employee 

is permitted to participate in a medical care plan offered by the employer, but the employee declines to do so, he or 

she is placed in a category with those having access to medical care.

Participation

Employees in contributory plans are considered participants in an insurance or retirement plan if they have paid 

required contributions and fulfilled any applicable service requirements. Employees in noncontributory plans are 

counted as participating regardless of whether they have fulfilled the service requirements. (Note: Incidence can 

mean either access or rates of participation in a benefit plan.)
Take-up rates

Take-up rates are the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan. They are computed by 

using the number of workers participating in a plan divided by the number of workers with access to the plan, 

multiplied by 100, and rounded to the nearest one percent. Since the computation of take-up rates is based on the 

number of workers collected rather than rounded percentage estimates, the take-up rates in the tables may not equal 

the ratio of participation to access estimates.

Comparing private and public sector data

Incidence of employee benefits in state and local government should not be directly compared to private industry. 

Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities and occupational structures. 

Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry work activities but are rare in state 

and local government. Administrative support and professional occupations (including teachers) account for twothirds of the state and local government workforce, compared with one-half of private industry. 

Leave benefits for teachers

Primary, secondary, and special education teachers typically have a work schedule of 37 or 38 weeks per year. 

Because of this work schedule, they are generally not offered vacations or holidays. In many cases, the time off 

during winter and spring breaks during the school year are not considered vacation days for the purposes of this 

survey. 

Medical care premiums

The estimates for medical care premiums are not based on actual decisions regarding medical coverage made by 

employees; instead they are based on the assumption that all employees in the occupation can opt for single or 

family coverage. In instances where annual premiums are collected, the values are converted to a monthly premium 

amount using the annual work schedule. Annual work schedules may be less than twelve months. 

Retirement plans

Differences in retirement plan participation are influenced by type of plan offered. In defined benefit plans 

participation is often mandatory, after meeting eligibility requirements, while participation in defined contribution 

plans is often voluntary.

For additional benefit term definitions, see the glossary. 

Sample size

See appendix table 1.

Survey scope

See appendix table 2. 

Additional information: 

For research articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/home.htm and 

Beyond the Numbers: Pay and Benefits at www.bls.gov/opub/btn/. For further technical information, see Chapter 8, 

"National Compensation Measures," of the BLS Handbook of Methods at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.