National Compensation Survey:

Employee Benefits in the United States, March 2020

U.S. Department of Labor

Eugene Scalia, Secretary

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

William W. Beach, Commissioner

September 2020

Bulletin 2793

Contents

Overview

Civilian tables

Private industry tables

State and local government tables

Technical note

Appendix table 1: Survey establishment response

Appendix table 2: Number of workers represented
Overview

The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides comprehensive measures of compensation cost 

trends and the coverage, costs, and provisions of employer-sponsored benefits in the United States. This 

bulletin presents 2020 estimates of the incidence and key provisions of employer-sponsored benefits for 

civilian workers, private industry workers, as well as state and local government workers by worker and 

establishment characteristics.

Estimates are also accessible in Excel format and through the benefits database. Estimates for prior 

years and additional benefits publications are available on the NCS publications page.

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) staff designed the survey, collected and reviewed the survey data, 

and prepared survey estimates for publication. For information about the survey design, concepts, and 

calculations see the Handbook of Methods: National Compensation Measures. 

The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private businesses and 

state and local government agencies and jurisdictions that provided benefits data. BLS thanks these 

respondents for their cooperation. Additional information for survey respondents is available on 

the National Compensation Survey (NCS) Respondents page.

For more information on benefits estimates, contact National Compensation Survey staff by: 

Email: Online form

Telephone: (202) 691-6199 (Monday–Friday, 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time)

Services for individuals with a sensory impairment:

Information voice phone: (202) 691-5200 The Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339

Bureau of Labor Statistics

National Compensation Survey – Benefits

2 Massachusetts Ave., N.E. - Suite 4160

Washington, D.C. 20212-0001

The contents of this publication are in the public domain and, with appropriate citation, may be 

reproduced without permission.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 71 55 78 25 20 81 60 43 71

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 86 74 86 39 32 81 71 56 78

Management, business, and financial ............... 89 80 90 33 27 81 82 70 85

Professional and related .................................... 85 72 84 42 34 81 67 49 74

Teachers ........................................................ 88 78 89 75 66 88 42 22 52

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 97 87 90 90 81 90 36 14 39

Registered nurses ......................................... 90 78 87 43 29 68 80 66 83

Service ................................................................... 46 32 68 15 13 89 37 21 57

Protective service .............................................. 81 71 88 57 53 93 46 31 67

Sales and office ..................................................... 75 55 73 20 14 72 68 47 69

Sales and related ............................................... 70 42 60 9 5 53 68 40 59

Office and administrative support ...................... 78 62 80 26 20 76 68 51 75

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 51 80 23 21 94 55 39 72

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 59 48 81 25 24 96 47 34 71

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 69 54 78 20 18 90 62 45 73

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 71 55 77 21 17 81 63 46 73

Production ......................................................... 72 58 80 17 14 80 69 54 78

Transportation and material moving .................. 69 51 75 24 19 81 56 38 68

Full time ................................................................. 80 66 82 30 24 82 68 51 75

Part time ................................................................ 40 22 55 10 7 72 34 16 49

Union ..................................................................... 94 85 90 79 69 87 49 34 69

Nonunion ............................................................... 67 51 76 17 13 77 62 44 72

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 45 26 57 7 5 73 42 22 52

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 32 16 51 3 2 78 30 14 48

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 53 76 19 15 80 61 43 70

Third 25 percent ................................................ 83 69 83 32 26 83 70 54 77

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 90 81 90 47 38 82 73 59 81

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 83 90 45 36 79 79 66 83

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 76 62 82 20 17 84 72 57 79

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 54 78 26 21 81 58 41 70

Education and health services ........................... 78 64 82 40 33 83 57 38 67

Educational services ...................................... 88 78 89 73 64 87 42 23 54

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 91 82 90 86 77 90 31 12 40

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 80 88 60 47 79 69 46 67

Health care and social assistance ................. 72 55 76 20 14 74 66 47 72

Hospitals .................................................... 93 82 87 47 32 68 83 69 83

Public administration ......................................... 91 85 94 87 79 91 37 21 57

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 55 40 72 12 10 86 50 33 66

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 50 36 71 9 7 85 46 31 67

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 52 72 20 18 88 61 39 64

100 workers or more .............................................. 85 71 83 38 31 80 70 53 75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 64 78 25 21 83 70 50 72

500 workers or more .......................................... 89 79 88 53 42 78 71 55 78

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 70 58 83 30 25 84 57 43 75

New England ..................................................... 72 58 81 28 22 80 60 46 78

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 69 58 84 31 26 85 57 42 73

South ..................................................................... 68 51 74 23 19 80 60 40 66

South Atlantic .................................................... 70 51 74 23 17 75 64 42 65

East South Central ............................................ 68 49 73 25 21 85 58 38 65

West South Central ........................................... 66 51 77 23 20 87 53 37 69

Midwest ................................................................. 73 58 79 25 20 80 64 47 74

East North Central ............................................. 73 58 80 26 21 80 66 48 74

West North Central ............................................ 73 56 77 22 17 80 62 46 74

West ...................................................................... 72 58 80 25 20 81 59 44 75

Mountain ............................................................ 74 59 80 24 19 78 61 46 75

Pacific ................................................................ 71 57 80 25 20 82 58 43 74

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for

further explanation. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.6 1.2 2.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.0 2.4 1.6 3.0 2.6 4.6 2.3 2.9 2.0

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.2 1.8 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.7 1.1 2.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.7 2.8 2.0 4.3 4.3 1.4 2.1 2.1 3.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.4 3.3 1.8 1.5 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.1 2.7 2.0 2.4 2.4 0.8 2.8 2.0 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.9

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.8 2.4 1.8 0.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 2.0 1.5 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.6 0.5 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.3 1.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 0.9 1.3 0.4 0.3 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 1.3 2.7 0.4 0.3 4.8 2.5 1.3 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.2 1.8 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.2 2.3 1.7 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.6 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.8 2.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.3 2.7 1.4 1.9 1.6 3.6 3.7 2.8 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 0.9 1.7 1.4 3.8 3.9 4.8 1.8 2.2 1.6

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits3 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.1 0.9 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.2 3.0 1.6 1.3 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.5 2.3 1.9 1.4

New England ..................................................... 3.1 3.4 3.5 2.4 1.9 4.0 2.9 3.2 4.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.5 2.8 2.1 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.1

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.0 1.6 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 2.5 1.0 2.0 1.8 1.2 3.1 2.0 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.3 3.1 2.1 2.3 2.2

West ...................................................................... 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 1.7 1.5 3.0 2.4 2.5 3.2 2.7 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.5 2.0

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for

further explanation. 3 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 15 10 45

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 24 15 47

Management, business, and financial ............... 26 7 56

Professional and related .................................... 23 19 43

Teachers ........................................................ 29 46 13

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 29 61 7

Registered nurses ......................................... 34 10 46

Service ................................................................... 5 10 31

Protective service .............................................. 22 35 24

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 6 55

Sales and related ............................................... 7 2 61

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 9 52

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 10 41

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 13 12 35

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 13 7 49

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 8 50

Production ......................................................... 15 3 55

Transportation and material moving .................. 11 13 45

Full time ................................................................. 18 12 50

Part time ................................................................ 4 6 30

Union ..................................................................... 33 46 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 12 5 50

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 4 38

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 2 29

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10 9 50

Third 25 percent ................................................ 19 13 51

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 30 17 44

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 33 13 47

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 17 4 56

Service-providing industries .................................. 15 11 44

Education and health services ........................... 18 21 38

Educational services ...................................... 27 46 14

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 25 60 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 37 22 31

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 7 53

Hospitals .................................................... 36 10 47

Public administration ......................................... 33 54 4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, civilian

workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 5 44

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 4 41

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10 10 51

100 workers or more .............................................. 23 15 47

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 12 56

500 workers or more .......................................... 34 19 36

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 18 12 40

New England ..................................................... 16 12 44

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 18 12 38

South ..................................................................... 15 9 45

South Atlantic .................................................... 17 6 47

East South Central ............................................ 15 9 43

West South Central ........................................... 10 13 43

Midwest ................................................................. 16 9 48

East North Central ............................................. 18 8 47

West North Central ............................................ 11 11 51

West ...................................................................... 12 13 47

Mountain ............................................................ 12 13 50

Pacific ................................................................ 12 13 46

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.5 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.2 0.4 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 0.8 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 1.5 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.2 1.4 1.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.9 1.3 3.3

Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.7 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 2.6 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.3 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.3 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.4 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 0.9 1.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 1.6 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.2 0.9 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.8 0.8 1.5

Production ......................................................... 1.0 0.5 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 1.5 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.4 0.6 1.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.5 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.3 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.2 0.3 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.7 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.5 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.7 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 0.9 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.6 1.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.4 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.1 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.1 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 1.1 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 1.9 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 1.3 2.9

Hospitals .................................................... 4.0 1.5 3.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.9 0.8 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.5 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.7 0.7 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.8 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.7 1.5

New England ..................................................... 2.7 0.9 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 0.9 2.1

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.4 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 0.4 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.2 1.6 3.1

West South Central ........................................... 0.9 1.2 3.1

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.5 1.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 0.5 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 1.0 2.3

West ...................................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 2.0 3.7

Pacific ................................................................ 0.8 1.0 1.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, civilian

workers,1 March 2020

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

All Hard frozen4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 51 40 2 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 45 45 2 8

Management, business, and financial ............... 45 35 3 17

Professional and related .................................... 45 48 2 5

Teachers ........................................................ 46 53 5 ( ) 5 ( )

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 47 52 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 46 41 3 9

Service ................................................................... 58 40 5 () 2

Protective service .............................................. 51 47 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 46 38 2 13

Sales and related ............................................... 47 20 3 30

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 41 2 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 74 22 1 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 82 16 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 63 30 1 6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 54 34 4 7

Production ......................................................... 36 41 7 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 66 29 3 2

Full time ................................................................. 50 40 2 8

Part time ................................................................ 62 34 – –

Union ..................................................................... 55 42 1 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 47 38 – –

Average wage within the following categories:6

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 54 41 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 59 38 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 56 34 3 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 51 40 2 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 48 41 2 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 44 43 3 10

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 51 27 9 13

Service-providing industries .................................. 51 41 1 7

Education and health services ........................... 49 48 1 2

Educational services ...................................... 44 55 5 ( ) 5 ( )

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 44 55 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 43 57 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 30 2 6

Hospitals .................................................... 57 32 3 8

Public administration ......................................... 44 55 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, civilian

workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

All Hard frozen4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 58 34 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 59 31 1 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 58 38 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 48 41 2 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 54 38 2 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 45 43 2 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 48 40 2 9

New England ..................................................... 52 34 2 12

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 47 42 2 9

South ..................................................................... 49 42 3 6

South Atlantic .................................................... 58 33 2 7

East South Central ............................................ 38 51 6 4

West South Central ........................................... 42 50 1 6

Midwest ................................................................. 53 36 2 9

East North Central ............................................. 53 35 2 10

West North Central ............................................ 52 38 2 8

West ...................................................................... 53 40 1 6

Mountain ............................................................ 50 41 2 6

Pacific ................................................................ 55 39 1 5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Plans open to new participants. 3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 5 Less than 0.5. 6 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

All Hard frozen4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.7 1.9 0.6 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.3 0.4 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 2.1 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.3 3.8 1.6 2.2

Service ................................................................... 2.7 2.5 0.1 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 2.3 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 1.3 0.4 1.6

Sales and related ............................................... 5.1 2.5 1.5 5.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 1.3 0.4 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.8 0.3 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.1 2.0 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.2 3.0 0.7 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.9 2.5 1.0 1.3

Production ......................................................... 3.2 3.3 1.5 2.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.5 3.3 1.2 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 3.5 3.6 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.1 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 2.0 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.3 3.5 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 1.8 0.6 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.6 0.6 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.0 2.4 1.3 1.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.5 0.3 0.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.4 0.2 6 ( )

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.6 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.4 3.0 1.0 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... 4.0 3.1 1.5 1.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.5 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics Open plans2

Soft frozen3

All Hard frozen4

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.0 1.7 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.9 2.4 0.5 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 2.3 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 1.9 0.5 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 1.6 0.8 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.7 2.0 0.6 3.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.2 2.2 1.0 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.2 0.5 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.5 1.3 0.6 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 4.1 3.7 1.7 0.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 2.2 0.6 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 1.8 0.6 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 2.0 0.7 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 4.7 4.2 1.0 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.9 2.0 0.4 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 4.8 5.4 0.9 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.8 0.4 0.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Plans open to new participants. 3 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 4 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020. 6 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

civilian workers,2 March 2020

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 4 ( ) 7 92

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 ( ) 7 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 12 86

Professional and related .................................... – – 95

Teachers ........................................................ – 3 97

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3 97

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 92

Service ................................................................... – 5 95

Protective service .............................................. – 2 98

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 10 90

Sales and related ............................................... – – 97

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 11 89

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 94

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 98

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 9 91

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 9 91

Production ......................................................... – – 89

Transportation and material moving .................. – 6 94

Full time ................................................................. 4 ( ) 7 92

Part time ................................................................ – 8 92

Union ..................................................................... – – 96

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 10 90

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 93

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 7 93

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 90

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 93

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 ( ) 7 93

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 92

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 7 93

Service-providing industries .................................. 4 ( ) 7 92

Education and health services ........................... – – 95

Educational services ...................................... – – 96

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 96

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 6 94

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 91

Hospitals .................................................... – – 91

Public administration ......................................... – 4 96

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 92

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 90

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 95

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 92

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 93

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 92

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 95

New England ..................................................... – – 96

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 94

South ..................................................................... – – 95

South Atlantic .................................................... – 3 97

East South Central ............................................ – – 96

West South Central ........................................... – – 91

Midwest ................................................................. – – 83

East North Central ............................................. – – 84

West North Central ............................................ – – 80

West ...................................................................... – – 95

Mountain ............................................................ – – 97

Pacific ................................................................ – – 94

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2019 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2015 and 2018 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2015 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.1 1.1 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 1.5 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 2.9 3.0

Professional and related .................................... – – 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ – 0.5 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 0.4 0.4

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 3.5

Service ................................................................... – 1.0 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 1.2 1.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 1.4 1.4

Sales and related ............................................... – – 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.2 1.5 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 2.6 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 2.6 2.6

Production ......................................................... – – 4.4

Transportation and material moving .................. – 1.9 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.1 1.2 1.2

Part time ................................................................ – 1.7 1.7

Union ..................................................................... – – 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.7 1.7

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 2.8 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 1.6 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 2.6 2.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.1 1.2 1.2

Education and health services ........................... – – 1.0

Educational services ...................................... – – 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 2.0 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 3.9

Hospitals .................................................... – – 4.2

Public administration ......................................... – 1.1 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits3

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 1.1

New England ..................................................... – – 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 1.3

South ..................................................................... – – 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 1.0 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – – 2.2

West South Central ........................................... – – 2.2

Midwest ................................................................. – – 4.6

East North Central ............................................. – – 6.3

West North Central ............................................ – – 3.2

West ...................................................................... – – 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ – – 0.6

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2019 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2015 and 2018 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2015 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March 2020

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 3 97 59 11 18 22

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 98 64 10 18 20

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 98 40 14 33 23

Professional and related .................................... 2 98 73 8 13 19

Teachers ........................................................ – 100 94 4 1 19

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 100 94 5 1 20

Registered nurses ......................................... 8 92 54 8 12 22

Service ................................................................... 1 99 81 8 4 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94 45 10 27 24

Office and administrative support ...................... 4 96 51 11 24 25

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ................................................................. – 100 65 22 2 14

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95 28 24 25 34

Transportation and material moving .................. 8 92 48 14 – 25

Full time ................................................................. 2 98 59 12 19 22

Part time ................................................................ 14 86 59 5 11 21

Union ..................................................................... 1 99 77 11 5 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 4 96 46 12 28 22

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 91 66 6 14 21

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4 96 53 11 25 24

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 97 58 13 14 25

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 99 60 11 19 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 99 52 13 25 23

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 97 65 9 15 20

Education and health services ........................... 1 99 85 5 4 20

Educational services ...................................... – 100 94 4 1 18

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 100 95 4 1 18

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 100 91 3 3 17

Health care and social assistance ................. 7 93 51 9 13 26

Public administration ......................................... – 100 91 7 – 19

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian workers,2 March

2020—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans3

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 99 62 11 15 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 97 58 12 19 23

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 94 58 13 15 23

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 98 58 11 21 22

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3 97 60 8 16 26

New England ..................................................... 2 98 52 6 21 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 97 62 8 14 26

South ..................................................................... 2 98 59 14 17 28

South Atlantic .................................................... 2 98 53 15 19 40

West South Central ........................................... 4 96 65 8 16 12

Midwest ................................................................. 3 97 50 13 23 20

East North Central ............................................. 4 96 46 14 26 23

West ...................................................................... 3 97 66 9 19 11

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97 67 9 17 12

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian

workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

No

alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.8 1.1 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.7 0.7 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ – 0.0 1.3 1.1 0.3 1.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 0.0 1.5 1.3 0.2 1.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.7 2.7 4.6 1.7 2.3 4.1

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.5 2.8 1.4 0.8 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ................................................................. – 0.0 5.1 5.6 1.1 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.7 3.1 3.4 4.3 4.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.7 2.7 7.0 3.7 – 4.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 2.9 3.4 1.1 1.9 4.3

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.1 0.5 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.8 1.9 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 2.4 1.9 3.3 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.2 1.2 2.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.4

Educational services ...................................... – 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.2 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 0.0 1.4 1.4 0.5 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 2.7 3.5 2.2 2.7 4.5

Public administration ......................................... – 0.0 1.2 0.9 – 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, civilian

workers,2 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

No

alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 0.6 2.2 1.1 1.5 2.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.0 1.3 2.5

New England ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 5.4 2.5 3.3 5.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.2 1.4 2.6

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.4 0.4 3.6 2.3 2.9 3.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 1.7 3.1 2.0 4.3 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 2.2 1.0 1.6 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 0.7 2.4 1.2 1.8 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.0 2.1 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.5 2.1 1.3 1.9 1.3

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilian

workers,1 March 2020

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 69 31 84 16

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 32 84 16

Management, business, and financial ............... 72 28 85 15

Professional and related .................................... 66 34 83 17

Teachers ........................................................ 67 33 89 11

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 67 33 91 9

Registered nurses ......................................... 62 38 80 20

Service ................................................................... 67 33 84 16

Protective service .............................................. 56 44 81 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 73 27 85 15

Sales and related ............................................... 77 23 86 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 72 28 85 15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 68 32 82 18

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 59 41 77 23

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 75 25 85 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 68 32 81 19

Production ......................................................... 70 30 81 19

Transportation and material moving .................. 66 34 80 20

Full time ................................................................. 70 30 84 16

Part time ................................................................ 67 33 81 19

Union ..................................................................... 60 40 79 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 71 29 84 16

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 73 27 83 17

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 69 31 82 18

Second 25 percent ............................................ 71 29 85 15

Third 25 percent ................................................ 68 32 82 18

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 32 84 16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 68 32 85 15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 69 31 81 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 30 84 16

Education and health services ........................... 64 36 82 18

Educational services ...................................... 64 36 90 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 64 36 90 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 64 36 89 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 37 80 20

Hospitals .................................................... 63 37 84 16

Public administration ......................................... 64 36 89 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, civilian

workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 71 29 84 16

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 70 30 83 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 29 86 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 69 31 84 16

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 30 83 17

500 workers or more .......................................... 67 33 84 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 37 79 21

New England ..................................................... 64 36 79 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 63 37 79 21

South ..................................................................... 73 27 82 18

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 29 83 17

East South Central ............................................ 71 29 78 22

West South Central ........................................... 76 24 84 16

Midwest ................................................................. 70 30 84 16

East North Central ............................................. 68 32 83 17

West North Central ............................................ 74 26 87 13

West ...................................................................... 69 31 88 12

Mountain ............................................................ 74 26 90 10

Pacific ................................................................ 67 33 87 13

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.2 4.2 2.3 2.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5

Service ................................................................... 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.3

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 3.0 5.0 5.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.8 3.8 3.2 3.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.8 1.5 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.5 4.5 2.2 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 2.4 1.4 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.3 3.3 1.6 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 2.4 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 3.0 1.8 1.8

Hospitals .................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 3.1 3.1 1.8 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.6

New England ..................................................... 3.4 3.4 2.5 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.0

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 3.5 1.6 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.8 1.3 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.1 0.7 0.7

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0

West ...................................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.6 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ 3.4 3.4 2.0 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2

March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 73 58 79 72 51 71

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 88 75 85 88 65 74

Management, business, and financial ............... 94 79 84 94 70 74

Professional and related .................................... 86 73 85 85 63 75

Teachers ........................................................ 87 74 85 87 65 75

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 97 82 84 97 72 74

Registered nurses ......................................... 91 74 82 89 63 71

Service ................................................................... 50 35 70 50 30 61

Protective service .............................................. 81 67 83 81 58 72

Sales and office ..................................................... 70 53 77 69 47 69

Sales and related ............................................... 54 39 71 53 35 66

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 62 79 78 55 70

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 75 61 81 75 57 75

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 73 58 80 73 55 76

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 78 64 81 78 59 75

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 61 79 77 55 71

Production ......................................................... 81 66 82 81 59 73

Transportation and material moving .................. 74 57 77 73 51 70

Full time ................................................................. 88 71 81 87 63 72

Part time ................................................................ 24 14 57 23 11 50

Union ..................................................................... 96 84 88 95 75 79

Nonunion ............................................................... 69 54 78 68 47 69

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 42 26 63 41 23 57

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 14 53 27 13 48

Second 25 percent ............................................ 74 58 78 74 51 69

Third 25 percent ................................................ 89 74 83 88 66 75

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 94 81 86 93 70 76

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 95 83 87 95 72 76

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 86 71 83 85 63 74

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 55 79 70 49 70

Education and health services ........................... 79 64 81 78 55 70

Educational services ...................................... 86 73 85 86 65 75

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 75 84 88 66 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 78 88 89 68 76

Health care and social assistance ................. 75 58 78 73 49 67

Hospitals .................................................... 92 78 85 91 65 71

Public administration ......................................... 90 81 90 90 72 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 58 44 75 58 39 67

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 52 39 75 52 35 67

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 58 75 76 52 68

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 71 82 86 63 73

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 44 34 77 28 22 79 71 50 70

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 61 47 78 37 30 80 87 64 74

Management, business, and financial ............... 65 50 77 40 31 79 93 69 74

Professional and related .................................... 59 46 78 36 29 81 84 62 74

Teachers ........................................................ 54 42 78 33 26 79 85 64 75

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 57 45 79 36 29 81 95 70 74

Registered nurses ......................................... 63 47 75 36 30 82 88 61 70

Service ................................................................... 27 20 76 17 13 77 48 29 60

Protective service .............................................. 49 39 79 36 27 76 76 54 70

Sales and office ..................................................... 41 31 75 25 19 77 67 46 69

Sales and related ............................................... 27 20 74 15 12 78 51 34 65

Office and administrative support ...................... 49 37 76 31 23 77 77 54 70

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 39 31 80 27 22 83 74 55 75

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 34 27 80 23 20 88 72 54 75

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 45 36 79 31 25 80 76 57 75

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 46 37 80 31 25 81 75 54 72

Production ......................................................... 48 39 81 33 27 83 79 58 73

Transportation and material moving .................. 45 35 78 29 23 80 72 51 71

Full time ................................................................. 54 42 78 34 27 80 86 62 72

Part time ................................................................ 13 9 70 9 6 72 22 11 49

Union ..................................................................... 74 61 82 56 46 83 93 72 77

Nonunion ............................................................... 40 30 76 24 18 78 67 46 69

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 18 13 72 11 8 73 40 23 57

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10 8 73 6 4 65 27 13 49

Second 25 percent ............................................ 42 32 75 26 20 78 72 50 69

Third 25 percent ................................................ 57 44 78 36 29 80 87 65 75

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 54 80 44 35 81 92 69 75

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 74 59 80 49 40 80 94 70 75

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 51 41 81 34 28 83 84 62 74

Service-providing industries .................................. 43 33 77 27 21 79 69 48 70

Education and health services ........................... 50 38 76 28 22 79 77 53 70

Educational services ...................................... 54 42 78 32 25 77 85 63 74

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 54 41 77 33 26 79 87 64 73

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 64 50 79 37 27 72 89 67 75

Health care and social assistance ................. 47 35 74 26 21 81 72 48 67

Hospitals .................................................... 70 53 76 40 33 82 88 62 70

Public administration ......................................... 61 52 86 43 37 84 89 70 79

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 31 23 75 19 15 78 56 38 67

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 20 74 17 13 78 50 34 67

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 42 32 77 26 20 78 74 50 67

100 workers or more .............................................. 57 45 79 36 29 80 85 62 73

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2

March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 83 66 80 82 58 71

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 78 85 91 68 75

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 72 59 81 71 51 72

New England ..................................................... 75 61 81 74 53 71

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 71 58 82 70 51 72

South ..................................................................... 70 53 76 70 49 69

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 53 75 70 48 69

East South Central ............................................ 69 55 79 69 50 72

West South Central ........................................... 70 54 76 70 49 70

Midwest ................................................................. 73 58 79 73 50 69

East North Central ............................................. 73 57 78 72 50 69

West North Central ............................................ 73 58 79 73 49 67

West ...................................................................... 76 64 84 75 55 74

Mountain ............................................................ 75 62 83 74 54 73

Pacific ................................................................ 77 65 85 76 56 74

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 51 40 78 32 26 80 81 58 71

500 workers or more .......................................... 65 52 80 41 33 80 90 66 74

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 47 37 78 29 23 78 70 49 71

New England ..................................................... 46 36 79 17 13 77 72 50 71

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 47 37 78 33 26 79 69 49 71

South ..................................................................... 35 26 74 21 15 74 69 48 70

South Atlantic .................................................... 35 26 74 21 15 74 70 48 69

East South Central ............................................ 32 25 76 21 16 76 69 49 72

West South Central ........................................... 35 26 74 21 16 75 69 48 70

Midwest ................................................................. 46 36 79 27 21 79 71 49 69

East North Central ............................................. 47 37 79 29 23 78 71 49 69

West North Central ............................................ 45 35 78 21 17 81 70 47 67

West ...................................................................... 56 44 80 40 34 84 74 54 73

Mountain ............................................................ 50 39 79 28 24 85 73 53 73

Pacific ................................................................ 58 47 80 45 38 84 75 55 74

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm

for further explanation. 3 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits, and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

civilian workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.7 1.5 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.9 2.1

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 2.8 2.0 2.8 2.4 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.2 2.1 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0

Production ......................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.0 2.5 1.4 0.9 2.3

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 1.6 4.6 2.5 1.5 4.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.3 0.6 1.1 1.5 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 2.0 1.4 2.1 1.7 1.3

Hospitals .................................................... 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.6 0.8 1.0 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 0.9 1.2 1.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.5 2.8 2.0 3.4 3.3 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.2

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.4 1.6 1.2 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.7 2.1 2.6 2.2 3.4 2.8 2.3 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.1 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.7 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.6 2.3 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.6 1.6 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.9

Production ......................................................... 2.6 2.4 1.4 2.7 2.5 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 1.0 2.9 0.9 0.8 3.7 1.3 0.9 2.3

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.5 2.6 1.1 0.7 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 1.3 3.9 1.0 0.8 5.4 2.4 1.5 4.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.6 1.2 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.3

Hospitals .................................................... 2.5 2.2 1.1 2.9 2.7 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.5

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 2.0 0.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare3 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.1 1.6 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 3.3 2.6 1.1 3.3 2.1 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 1.8 1.3 2.3 1.7 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.5 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.5 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.6 2.9 1.6 2.6 2.1 0.9

West ...................................................................... 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.7 2.1 2.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 0.7 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.8 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.0 1.3 0.8 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.7 2.6 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.9 1.6 1.7 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.7 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 4.8 3.6 1.2 3.4 2.7 1.8 3.3 1.8 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 1.2 2.9 1.1 1.0 3.3 2.4 1.7 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 1.9 2.3 1.5 1.1 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.7 2.0 2.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.3 2.1 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.1

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm

for further explanation. 3 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits, and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 80 20 67 33

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 81 19 69 31

Management, business, and financial ............... 78 22 68 32

Professional and related .................................... 82 18 69 31

Teachers ........................................................ 83 17 66 34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 84 16 64 36

Registered nurses ......................................... 83 17 71 29

Service ................................................................... 81 19 63 37

Protective service .............................................. 85 15 73 27

Sales and office ..................................................... 79 21 66 34

Sales and related ............................................... 76 24 62 38

Office and administrative support ...................... 80 20 68 32

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 79 21 68 32

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 80 20 69 31

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 79 21 67 33

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 22 69 31

Production ......................................................... 79 21 72 28

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 23 67 33

Full time ................................................................. 80 20 67 33

Part time ................................................................ 81 19 67 33

Union ..................................................................... 85 15 79 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 21 64 36

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 23 59 41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 78 22 58 42

Second 25 percent ............................................ 79 21 65 35

Third 25 percent ................................................ 80 20 69 31

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 81 19 71 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 81 19 73 27

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 21 71 29

Service-providing industries .................................. 80 20 67 33

Education and health services ........................... 82 18 66 34

Educational services ...................................... 84 16 66 34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 84 16 64 36

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 84 16 71 29

Health care and social assistance ................. 81 19 65 35

Hospitals .................................................... 83 17 74 26

Public administration ......................................... 88 12 77 23

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 21 62 38

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 79 21 62 38

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 22 62 38

100 workers or more .............................................. 81 19 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 21 67 33

500 workers or more .......................................... 82 18 73 27

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 80 20 73 27

New England ..................................................... 77 23 71 29

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 82 18 74 26

South ..................................................................... 79 21 62 38

South Atlantic .................................................... 79 21 63 37

East South Central ............................................ 81 19 65 35

West South Central ........................................... 80 20 61 39

Midwest ................................................................. 79 21 69 31

East North Central ............................................. 79 21 71 29

West North Central ............................................ 79 21 66 34

West ...................................................................... 81 19 68 32

Mountain ............................................................ 80 20 67 33

Pacific ................................................................ 81 19 68 32

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.7 0.7 2.3 2.3

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Production ......................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1

Hospitals .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Public administration ......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

New England ..................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

South ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7

West South Central ........................................... 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.3

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $480.17 14 $605.20 86 $459.70 $138.76

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 490.64 13 603.48 87 474.14 135.01

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 471.05 9 604.54 91 457.26 140.67

Professional and related .................................... 100 500.24 14 603.15 86 482.91 132.08

Teachers ........................................................ 100 545.38 21 588.75 79 533.95 151.98

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 544.95 24 585.92 76 532.14 158.35

Registered nurses ......................................... 100 518.54 8 589.11 92 512.64 123.39

Service ................................................................... 100 491.27 18 579.70 82 471.80 142.82

Protective service .............................................. 100 557.59 18 608.30 82 546.43 125.07

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 473.24 12 612.10 88 454.08 138.32

Sales and related ............................................... 100 431.48 10 595.56 90 413.70 145.32

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 489.15 13 616.83 87 470.04 135.55

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 469.07 21 598.71 79 435.58 145.01

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 466.01 25 618.44 75 414.75 142.80

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 472.16 16 567.17 84 454.24 146.99

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 459.31 13 637.75 87 432.69 142.59

Production ......................................................... 100 451.13 11 559.02 89 437.29 135.52

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 467.92 15 701.96 85 427.67 150.31

Full time ................................................................. 100 479.43 14 600.36 86 460.42 138.77

Part time ................................................................ 100 493.44 23 657.12 77 445.22 138.61

Union ..................................................................... 100 588.98 28 666.21 72 559.56 154.62

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 453.06 11 566.00 89 439.52 135.56

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 448.31 12 611.09 88 426.19 143.08

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 452.78 14 579.87 86 431.65 142.96

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 457.38 14 585.23 86 437.24 137.23

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 484.02 14 595.74 86 465.53 138.35

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 506.40 15 624.54 85 485.34 138.47

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 502.70 15 633.73 85 479.56 140.49

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 451.38 14 561.58 86 432.94 140.03

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 486.64 14 615.24 86 465.69 138.48

Education and health services ........................... 100 516.22 15 593.97 85 502.27 134.74

Educational services ...................................... 100 546.25 20 595.50 80 533.86 144.89

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 544.76 25 593.00 75 528.97 155.66

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 555.17 12 605.77 88 548.53 127.45

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 492.40 11 591.82 89 479.68 127.48

Hospitals .................................................... 100 524.60 10 607.95 90 515.53 123.45

Public administration ......................................... 100 611.42 23 637.93 77 603.46 115.32

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 $456.08 16 $582.00 84 $431.76 $144.74

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 453.63 17 577.16 83 428.78 144.11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 461.14 15 593.11 85 437.79 146.02

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 494.61 13 622.80 87 475.80 135.32

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 477.01 12 627.21 88 457.38 136.56

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 511.42 14 619.31 86 493.88 134.09

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 513.32 15 661.87 85 487.23 145.13

New England ..................................................... 100 486.94 6 582.89 94 480.44 155.25

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 522.92 18 671.96 82 490.05 140.92

South ..................................................................... 100 463.88 13 560.29 87 449.93 135.90

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 463.67 11 556.66 89 452.73 137.44

East South Central ............................................ 100 484.48 13 585.07 87 469.85 128.03

West South Central ........................................... 100 454.29 16 555.01 84 434.70 137.03

Midwest ................................................................. 100 471.39 12 628.50 88 449.88 140.47

East North Central ............................................. 100 478.41 12 639.20 88 455.88 142.83

West North Central ............................................ 100 456.12 11 603.65 89 436.93 135.37

West ...................................................................... 100 484.85 17 597.09 83 461.45 136.11

Mountain ............................................................ 100 463.00 13 589.14 87 444.16 130.15

Pacific ................................................................ 100 494.00 19 599.37 81 469.23 138.79

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $2.33 0.6 $8.88 0.6 $2.70 $1.42

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.21 0.6 10.93 0.6 3.92 1.69

Management, business, and financial ............... 4.82 0.6 31.08 0.6 5.00 2.45

Professional and related .................................... 3.77 0.8 13.55 0.8 4.64 2.23

Teachers ........................................................ 6.65 1.5 6.94 1.5 8.19 6.62

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9.08 1.7 6.92 1.7 11.41 8.47

Registered nurses ......................................... 7.42 1.2 20.80 1.2 7.96 7.86

Service ................................................................... 8.21 2.0 28.84 2.0 9.94 5.40

Protective service .............................................. 9.51 2.3 13.75 2.3 11.26 9.09

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.22 0.9 10.57 0.9 3.02 2.22

Sales and related ............................................... 7.72 1.6 21.56 1.6 7.57 4.04

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.33 0.8 10.93 0.8 3.43 2.47

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 8.04 1.6 18.46 1.6 8.48 4.26

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 12.87 1.9 23.84 1.9 14.46 7.01

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10.78 1.9 23.76 1.9 11.32 4.83

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.70 1.3 14.87 1.3 6.40 3.15

Production ......................................................... 7.46 1.2 19.18 1.2 8.15 3.91

Transportation and material moving .................. 9.53 2.1 20.33 2.1 10.46 5.31

Full time ................................................................. 2.36 0.6 8.81 0.6 2.82 1.37

Part time ................................................................ 15.38 4.4 26.45 4.4 13.64 10.25

Union ..................................................................... 4.49 1.2 9.35 1.2 5.01 3.90

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.64 0.6 11.97 0.6 3.03 1.39

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 8.45 1.2 34.45 1.2 6.62 3.83

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 24.70 3.1 71.50 3.1 22.14 12.55

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.71 1.2 21.39 1.2 4.13 2.31

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.88 0.8 10.92 0.8 3.49 2.23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3.44 0.8 10.78 0.8 3.86 1.90

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.10 0.9 19.50 0.9 4.93 2.62

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 4.85 1.1 14.83 1.1 6.12 2.94

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.61 0.7 10.43 0.7 3.01 1.53

Education and health services ........................... 3.85 1.0 14.74 1.0 5.29 3.10

Educational services ...................................... 4.37 1.0 6.33 1.0 5.76 4.39

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6.51 1.4 7.04 1.4 8.58 6.38

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6.83 1.2 13.05 1.2 7.57 4.12

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.18 1.7 34.78 1.7 7.66 4.19

Hospitals .................................................... 5.91 1.1 9.97 1.1 6.13 5.97

Public administration ......................................... 5.71 1.5 13.85 1.5 6.24 2.78

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $3.63 1.0 $17.70 1.0 $4.04 $2.61

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.93 1.1 24.89 1.1 4.31 3.26

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.90 1.7 22.28 1.7 7.51 3.98

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.62 0.7 6.63 0.7 3.17 1.75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.25 0.8 13.12 0.8 4.27 2.14

500 workers or more .......................................... 3.93 0.9 8.37 0.9 4.49 2.38

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.90 1.3 7.83 1.3 7.56 2.73

New England ..................................................... 10.80 1.5 34.22 1.5 11.19 5.83

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5.93 1.5 7.42 1.5 10.09 2.97

South ..................................................................... 4.83 1.1 19.07 1.1 4.58 2.50

South Atlantic .................................................... 6.68 1.7 38.64 1.7 6.85 3.33

East South Central ............................................ 14.18 2.8 26.12 2.8 10.21 3.64

West South Central ........................................... 8.28 1.6 16.79 1.6 7.27 5.32

Midwest ................................................................. 4.80 0.9 20.01 0.9 5.30 2.42

East North Central ............................................. 4.24 1.1 21.37 1.1 6.66 2.68

West North Central ............................................ 12.30 1.5 44.44 1.5 8.54 5.27

West ...................................................................... 3.78 1.5 13.70 1.5 4.93 3.56

Mountain ............................................................ 8.15 1.9 22.45 1.9 9.11 3.63

Pacific ................................................................ 3.95 2.0 16.41 2.0 5.68 4.96

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 72 17 9 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 71 18 10 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 72 17 8 2

Professional and related .................................... 70 18 10 2

Teachers ........................................................ 68 24 7 2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 71 20 8 1

Registered nurses ......................................... 66 21 12 1

Service ................................................................... 77 14 6 2

Protective service .............................................. 74 15 3 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 25 8 1

Sales and related ............................................... 63 31 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 22 9 2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 79 9 10 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 84 5 9 2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 75 12 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 13 – –

Production ......................................................... 79 14 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 76 12 – –

Full time ................................................................. 72 18 9 2

Part time ................................................................ 76 15 8 2

Union ..................................................................... 73 11 12 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 72 19 8 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 17 5 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 86 – 5 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 73 19 7 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 73 16 9 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 17 11 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 69 16 12 4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 12 8 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 71 19 9 2

Education and health services ........................... 72 21 6 1

Educational services ...................................... 67 26 6 2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 71 20 7 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 55 40 4 1

Health care and social assistance ................. 75 17 7 1

Hospitals .................................................... 65 25 – –

Public administration ......................................... 65 22 4 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 15 9 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 75 16 8 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 74 13 10 2

100 workers or more .............................................. 71 19 8 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 77 15 7 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 65 22 10 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 75 15 8 2

New England ..................................................... 76 – 12 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 75 16 6 3

South ..................................................................... 71 22 6 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 26 6 1

East South Central ............................................ 72 21 7 –

West South Central ........................................... 77 16 6 1

Midwest ................................................................. 72 16 10 1

East North Central ............................................. 73 15 10 2

West North Central ............................................ 70 19 10 1

West ...................................................................... 72 14 11 3

Mountain ............................................................ 72 18 8 2

Pacific ................................................................ 72 12 12 3

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 3.1 2.7 0.9 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.5 2.9 1.1 0.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.7 3.1 3.0 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 3.1 1.8 1.0 2.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.6 2.5 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.0 1.3 0.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 1.0 2.1 0.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 1.6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.0 – –

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.3 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 1.6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 1.5 1.3 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 0.8 1.6 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.5 0.6 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.6 – 1.1 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.3 0.7 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.2 1.6 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.7 0.8 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 1.9 0.6 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.5 2.3 0.8 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.2 0.9 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 2.6 1.2 0.3

Hospitals .................................................... 4.3 3.7 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 0.9 1.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 1.4 1.8 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 1.6 1.5 0.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.4

New England ..................................................... 2.4 – 3.1 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 2.0 1.0 0.5

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 2.1 1.3 0.2

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 4.5 2.5 –

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 2.1 1.4 0.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.8 0.6 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 2.5 0.6 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.5

West ...................................................................... 2.4 0.8 2.4 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 2.7 1.6 1.8 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 3.2 0.9 3.3 0.5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,143.09 6 $1,663.26 94 $1,109.71 $566.40

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,162.34 5 1,592.57 95 1,141.80 552.00

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 1,165.39 3 1,618.68 97 1,151.56 549.87

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,160.86 5 1,585.52 95 1,136.94 553.06

Teachers ........................................................ 100 1,102.76 7 1,618.13 93 1,065.88 613.52

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 1,067.01 8 1,656.28 92 1,017.53 642.06

Registered nurses ......................................... 100 1,296.53 5 1,757.90 95 1,273.87 531.76

Service ................................................................... 100 1,091.70 6 1,717.16 94 1,049.69 641.94

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,296.99 6 1,739.42 94 1,269.25 495.28

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,120.26 4 1,631.30 96 1,097.41 568.77

Sales and related ............................................... 100 988.69 3 1,529.31 97 970.24 582.42

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,170.15 5 1,658.73 95 1,146.31 563.53

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,128.32 12 1,668.13 88 1,055.49 565.21

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 1,120.30 15 1,736.56 85 1,010.19 540.20

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 1,136.35 9 1,547.65 91 1,097.58 588.45

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,179.11 9 1,746.70 91 1,124.14 535.57

Production ......................................................... 100 1,216.23 7 1,629.66 93 1,184.83 500.75

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 1,140.50 11 1,827.21 89 1,058.44 573.26

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,144.60 6 1,657.50 94 1,114.14 565.57

Part time ................................................................ 100 1,115.35 14 1,706.18 86 1,020.16 583.15

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,457.81 19 1,746.52 81 1,388.39 477.45

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 1,064.44 3 1,513.56 97 1,052.01 584.82

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 974.67 3 1,562.60 97 953.38 658.63

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 934.55 5 1,448.73 95 909.31 703.27

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,079.58 5 1,661.79 95 1,048.31 576.48

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,166.82 7 1,640.80 93 1,132.67 552.36

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,235.15 7 1,702.65 93 1,199.38 533.43

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,269.39 7 1,725.17 93 1,232.64 516.01

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 1,183.52 8 1,617.38 92 1,143.44 510.43

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,134.07 5 1,679.03 95 1,102.41 578.50

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,134.80 5 1,715.14 95 1,103.46 600.75

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,129.91 7 1,631.57 93 1,093.90 604.35

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 1,078.29 9 1,642.74 91 1,023.41 651.31

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,262.67 2 1,551.36 98 1,255.49 511.31

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,138.74 4 1,831.88 96 1,110.93 597.94

Hospitals .................................................... 100 1,355.95 5 1,749.15 95 1,333.81 489.68

Public administration ......................................... 100 1,371.70 8 1,742.05 92 1,340.93 441.30

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 $1,030.62 6 $1,594.73 94 $996.84 $632.41

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 1,028.91 6 1,550.56 94 996.77 629.73

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 1,034.16 5 1,694.34 95 996.98 637.94

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,209.88 6 1,699.99 94 1,177.16 526.96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,131.93 4 1,689.76 96 1,106.27 559.59

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,283.48 8 1,705.29 92 1,246.73 494.93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,295.31 10 1,771.62 90 1,243.19 515.36

New England ..................................................... 100 1,245.98 3 1,471.41 97 1,239.64 513.85

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,313.08 12 1,795.40 88 1,244.61 515.96

South ..................................................................... 100 1,030.84 2 1,592.87 98 1,016.76 607.71

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 1,046.72 2 1,521.82 98 1,035.47 609.95

East South Central ............................................ 100 1,083.22 4 1,707.26 96 1,059.93 560.20

West South Central ........................................... 100 978.03 2 1,634.90 98 963.82 626.24

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,168.46 7 1,646.66 93 1,132.88 545.75

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,201.91 8 1,641.29 92 1,165.94 531.28

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,098.02 6 1,662.00 94 1,064.72 575.59

West ...................................................................... 100 1,155.13 7 1,593.06 93 1,121.35 564.43

Mountain ............................................................ 100 1,116.20 6 1,554.03 94 1,086.80 549.20

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,171.80 8 1,607.02 92 1,136.35 571.04

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $7.26 0.3 $27.91 0.3 $7.30 $5.20

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 12.91 0.3 48.79 0.3 12.69 8.81

Management, business, and financial ............... 17.18 0.3 67.53 0.3 17.39 10.76

Professional and related .................................... 14.85 0.4 59.02 0.4 14.47 11.39

Teachers ........................................................ 19.34 0.6 45.43 0.6 19.69 15.39

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 22.72 0.9 31.33 0.9 22.55 19.32

Registered nurses ......................................... 45.78 1.1 66.52 1.1 48.21 38.26

Service ................................................................... 17.57 0.9 83.33 0.9 23.06 20.26

Protective service .............................................. 23.73 0.9 39.83 0.9 23.49 29.22

Sales and office ..................................................... 10.69 0.4 34.00 0.4 10.89 7.99

Sales and related ............................................... 17.16 0.7 108.03 0.7 17.50 10.36

Office and administrative support ...................... 13.84 0.4 45.59 0.4 14.04 10.40

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 24.98 1.1 53.96 1.1 25.33 17.54

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 39.47 1.3 61.78 1.3 40.52 24.98

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 32.28 1.4 94.44 1.4 32.77 22.18

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 16.85 1.1 31.45 1.1 17.50 10.29

Production ......................................................... 19.41 1.1 42.05 1.1 20.52 15.55

Transportation and material moving .................. 28.65 1.8 44.69 1.8 28.06 13.40

Full time ................................................................. 7.21 0.3 28.72 0.3 7.31 5.59

Part time ................................................................ 46.11 2.7 87.42 2.7 41.04 18.51

Union ..................................................................... 12.12 1.1 22.08 1.1 12.43 8.26

Nonunion ............................................................... 8.58 0.2 64.55 0.2 8.14 5.79

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16.42 0.5 79.59 0.5 16.65 13.49

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 31.95 1.3 109.81 1.3 32.29 41.47

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12.37 0.7 79.21 0.7 13.66 9.11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11.13 0.6 26.69 0.6 12.09 8.03

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 10.72 0.4 35.87 0.4 11.02 8.12

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 16.60 0.5 65.92 0.5 16.23 10.15

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 16.61 0.8 43.08 0.8 17.36 12.63

Service-providing industries .................................. 7.71 0.3 34.17 0.3 7.72 5.57

Education and health services ........................... 12.83 0.4 49.52 0.4 14.94 12.82

Educational services ...................................... 13.50 0.5 38.33 0.5 15.11 11.42

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 15.28 0.7 46.95 0.7 15.63 14.16

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 19.06 0.5 67.36 0.5 19.56 13.48

Health care and social assistance ................. 20.64 0.7 86.32 0.7 23.96 20.94

Hospitals .................................................... 23.09 1.1 43.16 1.1 25.12 20.44

Public administration ......................................... 20.82 0.7 93.16 0.7 21.47 11.21

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $12.01 0.4 $61.71 0.4 $11.12 $10.30

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 13.45 0.6 68.12 0.6 12.83 13.73

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19.98 0.8 113.42 0.8 19.15 15.75

100 workers or more .............................................. 9.99 0.4 24.80 0.4 10.60 6.06

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 14.51 0.5 48.92 0.5 14.45 9.39

500 workers or more .......................................... 11.87 0.7 32.98 0.7 12.90 6.95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14.60 0.7 37.54 0.7 18.16 7.83

New England ..................................................... 30.98 0.6 102.22 0.6 31.10 12.04

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 16.22 0.8 38.36 0.8 23.18 9.78

South ..................................................................... 15.21 0.4 80.31 0.4 14.25 8.90

South Atlantic .................................................... 20.43 0.4 82.76 0.4 20.57 10.82

East South Central ............................................ 19.93 1.4 134.76 1.4 19.91 20.38

West South Central ........................................... 31.32 0.9 211.66 0.9 25.43 17.79

Midwest ................................................................. 12.26 0.7 57.12 0.7 11.35 11.33

East North Central ............................................. 10.32 0.8 62.16 0.8 11.27 10.90

West North Central ............................................ 32.18 1.3 129.17 1.3 25.51 24.55

West ...................................................................... 13.73 0.4 56.15 0.4 13.58 12.17

Mountain ............................................................ 31.30 0.9 47.88 0.9 29.27 19.48

Pacific ................................................................ 13.99 0.5 75.04 0.5 14.43 15.51

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 72 17 9 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 71 18 9 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 71 18 8 2

Professional and related .................................... 70 18 10 2

Teachers ........................................................ 69 22 7 1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 73 19 7 1

Registered nurses ......................................... 65 20 13 1

Service ................................................................... 78 14 6 3

Protective service .............................................. 74 15 3 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 66 24 9 1

Sales and related ............................................... 62 31 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 21 9 2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 78 9 11 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 84 5 9 2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 73 12 13 2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 13 10 1

Production ......................................................... 79 14 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 76 12 – –

Full time ................................................................. 72 17 9 2

Part time ................................................................ 75 16 8 2

Union ..................................................................... 73 11 11 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 72 18 8 1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 77 17 6 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 84 – 6 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 73 18 8 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 72 16 10 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 17 10 3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 69 16 12 3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 11 9 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 71 18 9 2

Education and health services ........................... 73 19 7 1

Educational services ...................................... 68 24 6 2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 72 19 7 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 58 37 4 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 76 16 7 1

Hospitals .................................................... 66 24 9 1

Public administration ......................................... 66 22 4 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 74 15 10 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 73 16 9 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 12 11 2

100 workers or more .............................................. 71 19 8 2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 77 15 7 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 65 22 10 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 75 13 9 3

New England ..................................................... 76 11 13 1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 75 14 7 3

South ..................................................................... 72 22 6 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 69 24 6 1

East South Central ............................................ 73 20 – –

West South Central ........................................... 76 18 5 1

Midwest ................................................................. 72 16 11 1

East North Central ............................................. 73 15 10 2

West North Central ............................................ 70 19 11 1

West ...................................................................... 70 15 12 3

Mountain ............................................................ 71 19 8 2

Pacific ................................................................ 70 12 14 4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 1.8 0.9 0.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.7 3.0 3.2 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 3.0 1.7 1.0 2.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.6 2.5 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.0 1.5 0.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 1.1 2.3 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.7 1.7 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.1 1.4 0.3

Production ......................................................... 1.7 1.5 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 1.5 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 1.5 1.2 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.7 1.5 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.4 0.6 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.9 – 1.2 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2 0.8 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.2 1.5 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.2

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 1.5 0.8 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 2.1 0.9 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 2.5 1.4 0.3

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 3.6 2.3 0.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.2 1.1 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies2

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.3 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.3 1.7 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 1.5 1.5 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.3

New England ..................................................... 2.2 2.6 3.2 0.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 2.0 1.2 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.2

East South Central ............................................ 2.0 4.2 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 2.2 1.4 0.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 2.6 0.6 0.3

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.2

West ...................................................................... 2.1 1.0 2.2 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 3.4 2.4 1.8 0.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.6 1.0 3.0 0.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 3 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, civilian workers,1 March

2020

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $41.37 $75.15 $120.06 $174.50 $245.42 $198.45 $311.54 $475.05 $747.38 $1096.39

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 37.00 73.57 115.00 171.57 250.97 186.11 302.00 473.02 736.32 1101.49

Management, business, and financial ............... 44.12 80.00 129.85 183.63 251.80 194.37 319.00 485.12 712.48 1105.33

Professional and related .................................... 34.09 70.00 106.48 166.65 246.74 184.39 296.60 462.71 747.38 1095.17

Teachers ........................................................ 34.00 63.46 105.12 184.39 332.32 171.81 295.64 529.22 815.14 1221.48

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 35.00 61.08 105.79 187.68 347.54 161.25 311.15 555.99 892.84 1286.44

Registered nurses ......................................... 31.94 64.77 93.99 158.17 278.00 190.80 294.33 419.03 751.15 1139.36

Service ................................................................... 33.77 73.75 121.11 174.50 253.05 211.00 353.00 542.42 879.28 1236.07

Protective service .............................................. 33.37 60.64 107.33 151.65 223.07 180.00 249.00 440.48 611.00 1147.75

Sales and office ..................................................... 41.63 74.19 124.59 175.78 236.70 212.46 336.22 479.04 726.00 1058.01

Sales and related ............................................... 50.00 82.91 128.33 183.43 235.15 212.46 335.06 495.13 706.73 1062.83

Office and administrative support ...................... 38.14 72.36 123.39 173.42 237.00 212.46 336.22 476.64 739.09 1058.01

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 48.08 79.10 121.44 176.33 261.17 214.40 298.08 435.63 712.83 1067.84

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 48.08 81.91 121.33 173.95 255.98 215.16 296.45 422.04 686.89 1017.28

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 48.03 77.10 121.55 176.33 268.42 207.80 325.05 465.15 771.54 1139.80

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 47.45 81.08 124.03 177.24 243.57 187.06 294.95 424.47 687.51 1039.07

Production ......................................................... 47.25 74.44 120.00 171.00 238.57 174.22 276.37 398.55 639.65 1010.80

Transportation and material moving .................. 48.53 87.04 125.86 181.31 248.98 203.09 313.96 461.14 733.20 1090.14

Full time ................................................................. 43.23 75.83 120.15 173.63 243.77 197.83 310.20 472.74 741.01 1092.52

Part time ................................................................ – – 115.99 183.15 278.02 219.53 322.82 483.56 793.96 1169.69

Union ..................................................................... 42.78 80.70 124.02 183.17 252.43 161.07 265.81 382.27 538.56 924.98

Nonunion ............................................................... 41.16 74.32 118.84 172.03 243.82 207.42 327.17 500.00 781.37 1118.51

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 38.00 80.17 126.64 181.04 246.94 246.46 386.93 566.67 908.53 1198.41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 126.64 188.76 267.86 276.37 402.76 622.54 985.11 1298.53

Second 25 percent ............................................ 42.26 75.00 115.99 168.44 234.05 199.40 310.17 471.60 745.25 1108.89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45.00 74.44 116.87 172.13 243.77 196.92 300.47 451.72 704.54 1067.84

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 39.95 74.81 121.00 178.32 254.44 187.95 299.95 457.05 700.93 1069.72

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 40.33 75.48 121.00 178.60 242.67 188.94 295.52 444.70 654.94 978.39

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 48.08 78.95 120.99 176.27 245.25 178.90 279.19 396.23 660.69 1002.75

Service-providing industries .................................. 38.29 74.44 120.03 174.25 245.42 202.36 324.78 488.00 769.08 1119.92

Education and health services ........................... 31.94 65.90 102.99 170.82 253.35 193.69 310.20 513.25 810.00 1176.56

Educational services ...................................... 33.34 63.26 105.49 182.79 300.91 180.00 314.58 532.51 794.74 1194.19

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 32.27 60.82 105.49 187.68 335.72 162.94 320.98 567.22 926.00 1286.44

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 34.00 67.07 107.69 163.32 249.78 200.56 268.46 453.93 638.86 869.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 31.94 70.00 100.61 162.92 233.78 202.36 310.20 484.15 813.12 1155.46

Hospitals .................................................... 29.00 69.45 94.02 149.91 230.45 186.98 286.35 395.44 568.00 921.17

Public administration ......................................... 26.27 50.00 99.98 136.46 206.19 155.98 242.98 363.14 522.82 781.51

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $48.08 $82.33 $126.20 $180.36 $258.62 $230.09 $342.49 $529.93 $840.01 $1203.45

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 48.08 79.12 126.51 184.08 258.62 237.34 342.49 529.30 831.75 1208.02

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 48.91 85.28 125.60 172.13 258.39 218.12 342.50 530.83 882.41 1195.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 37.02 71.72 115.16 170.82 241.29 186.00 293.71 445.16 687.65 1019.69

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 42.08 75.83 119.50 170.99 243.46 193.39 305.95 471.40 749.70 1086.49

500 workers or more .......................................... 34.09 67.03 110.04 170.17 238.47 172.08 279.19 419.49 629.22 909.92

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 48.53 81.09 124.22 183.56 260.72 167.21 281.89 423.58 675.57 1040.35

New England ..................................................... 53.08 92.65 143.45 197.51 279.34 187.09 305.83 435.30 669.74 996.05

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 45.24 79.12 119.50 178.41 257.13 155.26 270.27 414.00 677.23 1058.89

South ..................................................................... 33.84 68.00 121.02 172.00 241.00 213.47 347.92 528.41 821.18 1169.54

South Atlantic .................................................... 34.39 68.33 122.38 182.36 249.12 212.00 348.17 542.42 830.32 1177.10

East South Central ............................................ 32.31 63.57 112.24 164.87 207.34 209.40 339.42 462.78 698.03 956.77

West South Central ........................................... 34.49 67.47 121.11 167.28 241.00 221.00 351.24 532.51 864.51 1218.22

Midwest ................................................................. 49.96 81.08 122.06 173.64 254.73 184.39 291.45 447.16 694.00 1098.77

East North Central ............................................. 51.24 81.45 122.40 174.50 248.98 187.03 283.27 434.70 678.70 1054.04

West North Central ............................................ 42.78 77.87 117.92 170.51 260.48 174.32 306.59 483.41 788.59 1169.73

West ...................................................................... 43.01 71.05 114.54 170.78 239.14 214.10 315.27 469.26 736.32 1033.31

Mountain ............................................................ 38.22 65.25 107.77 178.41 247.00 219.71 302.45 453.59 704.54 1033.31

Pacific ................................................................ 43.23 76.02 115.00 166.95 233.13 212.32 318.31 475.05 743.49 1016.17

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for

further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $2.13 $1.64 $2.03 $1.84 $5.09 $4.37 $5.23 $7.51 $14.51 $13.66

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.38 2.38 1.72 2.82 6.79 6.04 7.37 10.51 14.33 30.58

Management, business, and financial ............... 3.14 4.19 2.86 3.24 6.84 10.22 13.03 3.69 24.29 54.51

Professional and related .................................... 1.82 4.73 2.64 3.66 10.26 6.97 13.09 12.16 17.67 30.64

Teachers ........................................................ 2.96 4.99 3.01 6.26 18.51 10.24 25.41 14.89 43.17 73.34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.62 5.72 3.36 8.28 27.26 15.95 20.62 24.72 40.51 47.53

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.39 12.21 7.32 14.98 49.28 32.55 23.41 46.26 77.94 248.82

Service ................................................................... 6.53 10.09 5.75 5.15 20.02 12.08 11.32 10.73 22.74 34.10

Protective service .............................................. 6.96 12.12 13.66 8.85 23.78 39.36 28.58 42.58 65.96 293.81

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.41 3.24 1.97 3.28 6.35 5.04 5.20 9.22 28.28 14.03

Sales and related ............................................... 4.47 9.11 4.10 7.94 10.15 11.69 13.65 19.88 44.84 45.95

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.50 2.02 2.13 3.74 7.95 6.47 6.64 9.82 33.05 19.03

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.76 5.96 5.86 4.81 20.33 12.16 11.13 18.81 38.12 42.40

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.33 10.55 11.40 9.69 30.00 22.33 9.83 32.73 58.08 68.11

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.37 4.87 4.73 5.39 23.53 15.22 6.56 30.03 64.52 74.99

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.39 2.96 2.02 5.54 7.02 11.68 7.71 11.63 25.15 34.45

Production ......................................................... 3.82 5.06 4.94 7.14 8.14 6.94 22.02 9.98 32.85 45.68

Transportation and material moving .................. 6.06 5.52 1.67 6.81 15.88 14.17 15.57 23.08 31.65 47.29

Full time ................................................................. 1.09 1.55 1.98 1.83 4.17 4.80 5.87 8.02 14.07 15.83

Part time ................................................................ – – 13.50 6.88 26.02 20.86 18.30 30.27 41.54 105.97

Union ..................................................................... 3.41 2.86 1.47 5.27 6.42 14.04 9.87 7.49 14.75 52.78

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.30 1.81 2.10 2.07 5.99 4.99 6.17 6.94 13.87 19.98

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6.76 7.00 2.60 4.89 16.03 19.41 6.96 17.80 23.43 53.43

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 12.10 12.88 32.93 21.56 30.73 57.64 59.11 150.15

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.75 2.62 2.70 4.82 6.15 9.77 13.22 15.69 22.31 34.15

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.48 2.76 3.67 3.07 5.96 9.07 7.41 12.55 20.07 27.45

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.38 2.32 1.89 3.54 4.35 3.49 6.29 6.92 19.61 24.15

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.03 4.79 3.50 5.05 5.92 7.72 10.65 14.27 25.92 38.23

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.52 3.52 4.11 5.82 8.99 10.06 5.80 11.63 26.48 33.86

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.11 1.78 2.25 1.88 6.25 4.50 5.15 5.86 14.01 21.93

Education and health services ........................... 0.93 5.65 2.97 4.04 9.44 12.57 12.23 22.70 46.28 38.30

Educational services ...................................... 2.06 4.00 2.79 4.03 26.79 11.75 15.16 13.01 34.73 41.22

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.74 4.68 3.33 7.09 18.92 11.95 10.74 20.58 39.53 29.35

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.43 6.74 5.65 3.02 5.99 9.08 23.01 27.33 23.87 51.37

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.66 9.66 4.44 7.52 14.81 20.18 16.41 34.94 77.28 58.46

Hospitals .................................................... 2.27 5.87 4.25 12.41 20.07 20.17 22.76 11.18 44.15 135.69

Public administration ......................................... 4.09 1.41 8.00 2.51 17.77 24.30 11.61 11.21 36.89 46.88

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage2 Family coverage2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $0.70 $3.77 $2.76 $3.66 $5.89 $11.18 $10.21 $12.84 $34.18 $31.50

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.48 4.04 2.88 3.95 6.21 14.06 10.86 18.64 37.50 32.26

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.37 4.58 5.36 4.98 11.60 23.93 25.15 15.17 58.25 67.10

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.07 2.62 2.47 2.42 4.39 4.42 6.24 7.98 18.68 24.56

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.68 3.12 3.68 3.07 8.39 5.93 12.20 12.31 27.90 28.21

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.25 2.59 3.00 5.81 4.85 10.65 8.94 11.42 18.01 20.55

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.41 5.04 2.35 1.72 12.45 20.76 10.71 10.32 26.77 24.34

New England ..................................................... 5.21 7.74 7.70 15.06 47.01 43.61 22.72 22.81 41.92 31.17

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.47 2.80 3.46 4.20 13.14 18.79 9.43 15.40 37.35 21.21

South ..................................................................... 1.70 3.53 2.71 4.22 3.57 6.98 5.05 9.74 31.51 42.89

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.45 3.17 1.95 6.35 8.27 15.49 11.26 10.46 58.40 63.77

East South Central ............................................ 1.97 11.60 7.50 5.81 11.28 10.43 15.05 24.21 15.97 93.84

West South Central ........................................... 4.32 6.98 7.11 4.35 13.40 14.25 12.63 9.98 26.37 77.69

Midwest ................................................................. 1.61 1.80 3.33 4.34 9.41 9.99 11.97 11.38 17.04 31.37

East North Central ............................................. 1.41 1.64 1.50 4.79 8.25 4.92 10.25 8.48 11.26 33.10

West North Central ............................................ 4.67 11.07 11.18 9.42 11.59 23.57 39.64 38.51 64.55 61.17

West ...................................................................... 5.17 4.80 3.40 2.96 9.28 4.03 9.23 13.66 14.82 58.22

Mountain ............................................................ 5.96 6.12 8.22 4.88 10.80 14.82 17.91 52.00 19.95 34.29

Pacific ................................................................ 5.42 7.11 3.50 4.31 14.07 8.88 11.13 13.39 23.32 66.93

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for

further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 60 59 98 40 39 98 35 33 97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 79 78 99 50 49 98 55 53 96

Management, business, and financial ............... 84 82 99 62 61 98 62 59 96

Professional and related .................................... 77 76 99 44 44 98 51 50 97

Teachers ........................................................ 77 76 98 24 23 96 42 41 97

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 85 83 98 22 21 96 41 40 98

Registered nurses ......................................... 84 83 99 50 48 96 61 59 96

Service ................................................................... 34 33 95 22 22 96 15 14 96

Protective service .............................................. 64 61 95 30 28 95 25 23 94

Sales and office ..................................................... 57 56 98 41 39 97 32 31 97

Sales and related ............................................... 40 39 97 34 32 97 19 18 95

Office and administrative support ...................... 67 66 98 45 44 97 40 39 97

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 56 55 99 36 35 98 27 26 97

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 48 48 99 29 29 98 20 20 98

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 65 64 98 42 42 98 34 33 97

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 64 63 98 48 47 98 31 30 97

Production ......................................................... 69 68 99 54 53 99 37 36 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 60 58 97 42 40 96 26 25 97

Full time ................................................................. 74 73 99 47 46 98 44 42 97

Part time ................................................................ 14 13 89 16 15 95 5 5 91

Union ..................................................................... 85 83 97 47 45 97 39 37 96

Nonunion ............................................................... 56 55 98 39 38 98 34 33 97

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 28 26 95 19 18 96 9 9 94

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 15 13 90 9 8 98 4 3 93

Second 25 percent ............................................ 58 57 98 41 39 97 31 30 97

Third 25 percent ................................................ 76 75 99 50 49 98 46 45 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 85 84 99 55 54 99 59 57 96

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 87 99 62 61 99 65 62 96

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 70 69 99 53 53 99 39 38 97

Service-providing industries .................................. 58 57 98 38 37 97 34 33 96

Education and health services ........................... 68 67 98 33 32 96 41 39 97

Educational services ...................................... 78 76 98 27 25 96 42 41 97

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 78 76 98 22 21 96 36 35 98

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 84 98 36 34 95 59 57 96

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 61 98 37 36 97 40 38 96

Hospitals .................................................... 89 87 98 51 49 96 66 63 96

Public administration ......................................... 84 82 98 30 30 99 34 34 98

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 42 41 98 30 29 98 25 24 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 36 99 29 28 99 22 22 98

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 60 58 97 32 32 98 31 30 96

100 workers or more .............................................. 77 75 98 50 48 97 44 43 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 70 69 98 47 46 98 37 36 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 84 81 97 53 52 97 53 50 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 58 57 98 63 62 99 31 30 97

New England ..................................................... 65 63 97 42 42 98 40 39 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 56 55 99 70 69 100 28 28 97

South ..................................................................... 58 57 98 31 30 96 32 30 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 58 56 97 33 31 97 34 32 95

East South Central ............................................ 58 58 99 30 29 97 33 31 94

West South Central ........................................... 59 57 98 29 27 95 27 27 97

Midwest ................................................................. 63 61 97 42 41 96 42 40 96

East North Central ............................................. 64 62 98 45 43 97 43 41 96

West North Central ............................................ 60 58 97 37 35 95 39 37 95

West ...................................................................... 61 60 99 32 32 99 35 35 98

Mountain ............................................................ 64 63 99 37 36 99 40 39 98

Pacific ................................................................ 59 59 99 30 30 99 33 33 99

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for

further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.3 0.4 1.8 1.8 0.5 1.6 1.4 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 1.7 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.4 1.9 2.0 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.6 1.7 0.5 1.9 1.8 0.5 2.3 2.3 0.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.0 2.0 0.3 5.0 4.6 1.9 2.9 2.7 1.4

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 2.9 1.9 2.2 1.9 3.8 2.7 2.2 4.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 1.5 0.2 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.5 1.5 0.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.4 0.2 2.1 2.0 0.7 1.9 1.9 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 2.0 0.4 2.5 2.5 0.4 2.5 2.4 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.4 0.3 2.1 2.0 0.4 1.8 1.8 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.2 3.0 3.0 0.3 2.9 2.7 0.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.8 0.6 2.4 2.3 0.8 1.8 1.8 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 0.9 2.0 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 3.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.3 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 1.7 4.2 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.8 1.8 0.2 1.7 1.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 2.0 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.7 1.7 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.7 0.4 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.5 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 3.0 0.8 2.0 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.0 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.4 4.1 3.7 1.1 2.8 2.9 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.8 1.7 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 civilian workers,2 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.7 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.5 0.6 1.5 1.5 0.7 1.6 1.6 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.9 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.1 1.7 1.7 0.5

New England ..................................................... 3.1 3.2 0.6 3.2 3.2 0.2 2.1 2.1 1.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 2.4 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.1 2.2 2.1 0.5

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 1.9 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.1 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 2.5 0.3 2.3 2.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 2.8 0.5 2.5 2.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.9 0.8 1.9 1.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 2.0 0.8 2.5 2.4 0.4 2.0 1.8 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 3.6 4.0 1.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.1 2.6 2.6

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 1.6 0.1 1.6 1.5 0.4 3.0 2.9 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.6 0.3 2.0 2.0 0.3 1.9 1.9 0.4

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for

further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 5 95

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5 95

Management, business, and financial ............... 4 96

Professional and related .................................... 5 95

Teachers ........................................................ 10 90

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 91

Registered nurses ......................................... 2 98

Service ................................................................... 5 95

Protective service .............................................. 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 95

Sales and related ............................................... 7 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 95

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 95

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 95

Production ......................................................... 4 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 5 95

Full time ................................................................. 5 95

Part time ................................................................ 4 96

Union ..................................................................... 6 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 95

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 95

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5 95

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5 95

Education and health services ........................... 5 95

Educational services ...................................... 10 90

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 9 91

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 11 89

Health care and social assistance ................. 2 98

Hospitals .................................................... 3 97

Public administration ......................................... 7 93

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 96

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 96

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4 96

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 6 94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6 94

New England ..................................................... 10 90

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4 96

South ..................................................................... 6 94

South Atlantic .................................................... 4 96

East South Central ............................................ 7 93

West South Central ........................................... 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 4 96

East North Central ............................................. 4 96

West North Central ............................................ 4 96

West ...................................................................... 4 96

Mountain ............................................................ 5 95

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 0.7 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.9 0.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.7 0.7

Service ................................................................... 0.8 0.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.5 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.2 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.7 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.6 0.6

Production ......................................................... 1.0 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.9 0.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 0.3 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.4 0.4

Hospitals .................................................... 1.0 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.7

New England ..................................................... 1.6 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.6 0.6

South ..................................................................... 0.4 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.4 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 0.8 0.8

West South Central ........................................... 0.9 0.9

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.6 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 1.0

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.3 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1 March

2020

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 55 2 38 3 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 61 2 33 2 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 70 2 26 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 57 2 36 3 2

Teachers ........................................................ 33 2 56 4 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 27 2 63 3 5

Registered nurses ......................................... 71 – 20 – 1

Service ................................................................... 45 3 48 4 1

Protective service .............................................. 39 2 51 7 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 62 2 33 3 1

Sales and related ............................................... 63 2 33 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 62 2 33 3 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 2 57 3 2 ( )

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 21 – 74 5 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 51 2 44 2 1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 47 2 45 5 1

Production ......................................................... 45 – 48 5 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 51 2 42 5 1

Full time ................................................................. 56 2 38 3 1

Part time ................................................................ 45 – 43 6 –

Union ..................................................................... 38 3 50 9 2 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 60 2 36 2 1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 46 1 49 3 1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 30 – 64 5 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 52 3 42 2 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 56 2 37 4 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 61 2 33 3 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 65 2 29 2 2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 57 2 36 3 1

Education and health services ........................... 52 2 40 4 2

Educational services ...................................... 37 2 53 3 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 29 2 62 3 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 54 3 36 4 3

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 – 30 4 –

Hospitals .................................................... 76 – 17 4 –

Public administration ......................................... 35 2 52 8 3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 49 1 47 2 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 51 1 46 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 45 1 50 3 2

100 workers or more .............................................. 59 2 34 4 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 55 3 38 4 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 2 29 4 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 61 3 30 6 1

New England ..................................................... 61 – 31 5 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 60 3 29 6 1

South ..................................................................... 56 2 37 3 2

South Atlantic .................................................... 59 3 33 2 3

East South Central ............................................ 57 – 36 4 –

West South Central ........................................... 51 – 45 2 –

Midwest ................................................................. 55 1 41 3 2 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 55 1 40 3 2 ( )

West North Central ............................................ 53 2 43 2 1

West ...................................................................... 51 1 45 2 1

Mountain ............................................................ 54 – 43 2 –

Pacific ................................................................ 50 1 45 2 2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation

Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.3 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 0.4 1.5 0.5 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 0.3 1.3 0.7 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 0.4 1.4 0.8 2.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.8 – 2.2 – 0.4

Service ................................................................... 2.6 1.1 2.5 0.5 0.1

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 0.6 2.9 0.9 0.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 0.5 2.2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.5 0.6 2.4 0.5 0.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.8 – 3.9 0.9 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.9 1.0 2.7 0.6 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 0.5 2.2 0.6 0.2

Production ......................................................... 2.0 – 2.9 1.0 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.0 0.5 2.6 0.8 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.2 – 3.0 1.2 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.3 0.2 2.4 0.6 0.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.2 – 5.2 1.6 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 0.4 1.5 0.3 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 0.6 1.7 0.8 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 0.4 1.4 0.7 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 0.7 2.0 0.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.8 – 2.9 1.3 –

Hospitals .................................................... 3.0 – 2.3 1.2 –

Public administration ......................................... 2.2 0.4 2.3 0.9 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 0.2 1.8 0.3 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.4 0.3 2.3 0.3 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 0.3 2.7 0.7 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.5 1.6 0.7 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.9 0.9 2.0 0.7 0.3

New England ..................................................... 3.7 – 1.9 1.9 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.4 1.2 2.6 0.6 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.4 1.1 0.6 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 0.5 1.6 0.9 0.7

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 – 3.2 1.4 –

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 – 1.2 0.6 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 0.4 1.9 0.5 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 0.5 2.6 0.6 3 ( )

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 0.5 2.2 0.7 0.3

West ...................................................................... 2.0 0.4 2.2 0.3 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 2.7 – 2.7 0.7 –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.7 0.5 3.1 0.3 0.3

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation

Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, civilian workers,1 March

2020

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 1 64 10 21 4 1.3 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 59 10 25 5 1.4 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 57 10 26 – 1.4 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1 61 10 24 4 1.4 1.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 48 22 21 – 1.5 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 48 27 20 5 1.4 1.3

Registered nurses ......................................... – 85 8 6 – 1.1 1.0

Service ................................................................... – 73 – 11 3 1.2 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 62 9 19 – 1.5 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 67 8 20 4 1.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 76 5 16 – 1.2 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 63 9 22 4 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 67 10 18 – 1.4 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 71 – 11 – 1.3 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 65 9 20 – 1.4 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 67 10 21 – 1.3 1.0

Production ......................................................... – 57 11 29 – 1.4 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 76 9 13 – 1.2 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 63 10 22 4 1.4 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 76 7 15 – 1.2 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 3 ( ) 64 14 17 5 1.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 64 9 22 4 1.3 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 79 8 11 – 1.2 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 78 7 14 – 1.2 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3 ( ) 67 13 16 3 1.3 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 64 9 21 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 57 10 28 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 53 10 32 5 1.5 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 66 9 20 4 1.3 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1 67 13 15 4 1.3 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 2 49 19 23 7 1.5 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 45 25 24 6 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3 51 14 22 9 1.4 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 75 – 11 3 1.2 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 83 9 7 – 1.1 1.0

Public administration ......................................... – 56 16 22 6 1.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 63 14 17 5 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2 59 16 19 5 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 70 10 15 – 1.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 65 8 23 4 1.3 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 66 9 22 – 1.3 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 64 8 24 4 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 61 13 18 5 1.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... – 58 – 28 4 1.4 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 62 15 14 6 1.4 1.0

South ..................................................................... 3 ( ) 66 8 23 3 1.3 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 67 9 21 3 1.3 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 72 4 20 – 1.3 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – 61 6 29 – 1.4 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 66 9 21 – 1.3 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 67 7 22 – 1.3 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 62 14 18 – 1.4 1.0

West ...................................................................... – 62 12 23 – 1.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 63 – 22 3 1.3 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 61 12 24 – 1.4 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 1.7 0.9 1.5 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 1.8 1.2 1.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.2 2.2 1.1 1.8 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 2.6 2.3 2.6 – 0.1 0.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.1 3.2 2.6 1.9 0.1 0.2

Registered nurses ......................................... – 3.0 1.6 1.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 4.2 – 1.7 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 6.4 3.0 4.7 – 0.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 0.6 3 ( ) 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.1 1.3 1.5 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.2 2.1 2.0 1.5 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 2.8 1.5 2.1 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 7.3 – 3.0 – 0.1 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 2.9 1.3 2.4 – 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 2.1 1.2 2.0 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Production ......................................................... – 2.3 1.6 2.3 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 3.7 1.7 3.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 3.2 1.6 2.9 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 2.3 1.4 2.4 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 2.3 1.7 1.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 3.7 2.4 2.4 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 2.2 2.4 1.3 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 1.6 0.7 1.2 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 1.5 0.8 1.5 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.3 2.3 1.1 2.4 0.8 3 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.3 2.7 2.4 2.0 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.1 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.1 3 ( ) 0.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.9 3 ( ) 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.2 2.6 2.3 2.9 1.0 3 ( ) 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 3.7 – 2.9 1.2 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 3.5 1.9 2.0 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 4.3 3.7 3.6 1.8 3 ( ) 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts2

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 2.5 2.1 1.6 0.9 3 ( ) 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 3.2 2.9 2.2 1.1 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 2.5 1.8 2.3 – 3 ( ) 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 1.1 0.6 1.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.6 0.9 1.5 – 3 ( ) 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 1.7 0.7 1.7 0.7 3 ( ) 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 2.8 1.7 2.2 1.6 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 5.1 – 6.1 1.4 0.1 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 2.9 2.1 1.7 2.2 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.2 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.3 2.1 1.8 2.1 0.5 3 ( ) 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 2.8 1.6 3.1 – 3 ( ) 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 3.5 1.9 3.4 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 1.7 1.5 2.0 – 3 ( ) 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 1.8 1.2 2.6 – 3 ( ) 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 3.5 3.7 2.2 – 3 ( ) 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 2.2 2.4 1.7 – 3 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 4.8 – 3.0 1.0 3 ( ) 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 2.2 1.8 2.1 – 3 ( ) 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 3 Less than 0.05. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 78 $50,000 – $250,000 $500,000 $1,500,000 22

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 76 50,000 $100,000 300,000 – – 24

Management, business, and financial ............... 79 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 1,500,000 21

Professional and related .................................... 75 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 – 25

Teachers ........................................................ 59 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 41

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 49 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 51

Registered nurses ......................................... 84 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 – 16

Service ................................................................... 83 50,000 – 200,000 – – 17

Protective service .............................................. 66 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 34

Sales and office ..................................................... 81 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 19

Sales and related ............................................... 86 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 83 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 17

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 84 – – – 500,000 500,000 16

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 83 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,500,000 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 70 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 30

Production ......................................................... 71 50,000 – 250,000 – 1,000,000 29

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 50,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 600,000 30

Full time ................................................................. 78 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 1,500,000 22

Part time ................................................................ 70 50,000 100,000 200,000 1,000,000 – 30

Union ..................................................................... 68 50,000 70,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 32

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 50,000 – 250,000 600,000 1,500,000 21

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 79 50,000 50,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

Second 25 percent ............................................ 81 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 19

Third 25 percent ................................................ 78 50,000 70,000 200,000 500,000 – 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 76 50,000 100,000 300,000 – 2,000,000 24

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 76 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 2,000,000 24

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 79 50,000 – 225,000 510,000 1,500,000 21

Education and health services ........................... 79 50,000 – – 500,000 – 21

Educational services ...................................... 62 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 38

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 52 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 48

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 75 50,000 50,000 150,000 400,000 500,000 25

Health care and social assistance ................. 86 50,000 100,000 250,000 – – 14

Hospitals .................................................... 88 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 12

Public administration ......................................... 61 40,000 – 150,000 250,000 500,000 39

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 81 $50,000 – $200,000 $500,000 $2,000,000 19

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 83 50,000 $100,000 250,000 – 2,000,000 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 50,000 50,000 150,000 – – 25

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 50,000 – 250,000 600,000 – 24

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 75 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 25

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 73 50,000 100,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 27

New England ..................................................... 67 50,000 100,000 200,000 – 1,000,000 33

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 76 50,000 100,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

South ..................................................................... 80 50,000 50,000 250,000 – 1,500,000 20

South Atlantic .................................................... 79 50,000 50,000 250,000 – – 21

East South Central ............................................ 80 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 20

West South Central ........................................... 80 50,000 50,000 250,000 750,000 – 20

Midwest ................................................................. 76 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 24

East North Central ............................................. 76 50,000 – – 500,000 1,000,000 24

West North Central ............................................ 76 50,000 50,000 250,000 500,000 – 24

West ...................................................................... 81 50,000 100,000 250,000 – 2,000,000 19

Mountain ............................................................ 79 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 – 21

Pacific ................................................................ 82 50,000 – 250,000 – 2,000,000 18

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 $0.00 – $39,823.52 $147,687.17 $99,949.99 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.00 $0.00 12,903.49 – – 1.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 0.00 0.00 34,139.42 136,786.10 288,530.76 1.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 0.00 11,211.94 28,853.08 236,700.76 – 1.9

Teachers ........................................................ 3.3 0.00 0.00 26,694.94 15,130.68 0.00 3.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.6 0.00 4,562.07 – 50,801.08 0.00 4.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.9 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 – 2.9

Service ................................................................... 2.1 0.00 – 34,273.28 – – 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 5.5 0.00 0.00 – 15,803.48 69,487.41 5.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 12,070.11 0.00 – 1.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 91,241.44 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 0.00 10,482.84 7,901.74 0.00 – 1.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 0.00 0.00 36,780.60 0.00 – 2.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.8 – – – 141,938.37 48,280.43 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 0.00 0.00 31,275.99 58,423.03 358,986.07 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 0.00 – 54,567.57 0.00 36,496.58 1.9

Production ......................................................... 2.5 0.00 – 53,202.44 – 0.00 2.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.9 0.00 9,656.09 25,806.98 18,248.29 34,139.42 2.9

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.00 – 35,018.17 109,869.24 134,096.98 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 3.4 0.00 11,468.87 55,687.18 115,772.41 – 3.4

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 0.00 1,580.35 18,519.99 141,350.63 0.00 2.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.00 – 12,903.49 143,759.56 334,123.11 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 0.00 0.00 34,563.53 18,248.29 0.00 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.00 3,649.66 9,124.14 0.00 – 1.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.00 19,526.52 22,865.04 0.00 – 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.00 0.00 4,562.07 – 418,120.80 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 0.00 0.00 – 234,758.39 223,494.97 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.00 – 46,774.03 149,368.67 249,874.97 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 0.00 – – 44,698.99 – 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 – 21,668.64 0.00 1.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.7 0.00 0.00 – 45,162.21 0.00 3.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.9 0.00 0.00 21,553.07 100,365.58 0.00 2.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 0.00 0.00 67,048.49 – – 2.0

Hospitals .................................................... 2.3 0.00 – 38,710.46 111,747.48 0.00 2.3

Public administration ......................................... 4.4 9,995.00 – 24,220.78 49,974.99 0.00 4.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 $0.00 – $16,624.98 $105,224.76 $392,444.26 1.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 0.00 $24,465.64 64,349.48 – 0.00 1.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 0.00 6,451.74 7,901.74 – – 3.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.00 – 24,567.51 144,193.23 – 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.00 21,553.07 46,524.19 123,091.43 0.00 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.7 0.00 12,070.11 9,124.14 103,328.66 0.00 2.7

New England ..................................................... 7.4 0.00 14,164.48 37,895.42 – 0.00 7.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 0.00 23,845.28 25,428.71 115,772.41 0.00 1.9

South ..................................................................... 1.8 0.00 3,649.66 44,493.65 – 362,792.30 1.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 0.00 6,321.39 47,428.00 – – 2.1

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 3.0

West South Central ........................................... 4.5 0.00 7,299.32 62,551.98 144,265.38 – 4.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.00 – 64,194.04 0.00 72,993.15 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00 2.1

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 0.00 0.00 44,698.99 44,698.99 – 2.7

West ...................................................................... 1.7 0.00 23,880.17 62,976.42 – 129,034.88 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 3.3 0.00 29,817.95 79,542.44 245,675.09 – 3.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 0.00 – 73,742.05 – 0.00 2.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 civilian workers,2

March 2020

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $10,000 $12,000 $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Management, business, and financial ............... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Teachers ........................................................ 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Registered nurses ......................................... – 15,000 – 50,000 52,000

Service ................................................................... – 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Sales and related ............................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... – 10,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Production ......................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Transportation and material moving .................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ 5,000 – – 30,000 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 45,000 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 10,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 40,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6,000 15,000 35,000 50,000 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... 6,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. 10,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Hospitals .................................................... 5,000 – – 50,000 52,000

Public administration ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 civilian workers,2

March 2020—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $40,000 $50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10,000 – 20,000 50,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 – 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 6,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10,000 – 20,000 35,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

New England ..................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

South ..................................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 25,000 45,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 50,000 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ – 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation

Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

civilian workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $3,401.73 $0.00 $3,382.05 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 712.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... – 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Teachers ........................................................ 0.00 2,888.19 547.45 0.00 0.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 1,496.47 547.45 0.00 0.00

Registered nurses ......................................... – 3,943.49 – 1,210.45 632.14

Service ................................................................... – 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 0.00 2,072.61 10,876.97 0.00

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 0.00 5,659.91 0.00

Sales and related ............................................... 1,935.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... – 1,540.33 0.00 6,688.85 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,057.11 0.00

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.00 0.00 916.97 8,105.61 0.00

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.00 – 0.00 6,888.58 0.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Production ......................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.00 3,354.91 0.00 6,840.07 0.00

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 364.97 0.00 7,000.63 0.00

Part time ................................................................ 0.00 – – 7,308.43 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,527.31 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 456.21 0.00 7,477.35 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1,356.40 0.00 456.21 0.00 11,308.05

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1,168.46 0.00 0.00 4,652.42 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 1,719.12 0.00 912.41 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 3,520.19 5,183.93 3,182.98 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 0.00 0.00 0.00 632.14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.00 2,712.80 8,895.60 0.00 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 826.23 2,253.50 0.00 9,169.11 0.00

Education and health services ........................... 1,459.86 2,264.55 0.00 0.00 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 948.21 0.00 0.00 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – 0.00 2,656.99 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.00 965.61 5,397.92 3,160.70 0.00

Hospitals .................................................... 0.00 – – 2,032.04 0.00

Public administration ......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,597.24 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount3

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... $0.00 $1,186.14 $4,080.44 $8,351.87 $0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.00 – 2,234.95 11,174.75 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 0.00 3,533.77 – 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 795.42 1,133.20 0.00 3,973.96 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.00 – 0.00 5,502.16 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,123.50 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 1,401.68 0.00 0.00

New England ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 3,428.54 11,413.56 0.00

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

South ..................................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 2,521.96 0.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.00 1,706.97 2,737.24 516.14 0.00

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 2,414.02 7,067.53 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 0.00 4,576.65 5,474.49 0.00

Midwest ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 4,652.42 8,250.16 0.00

East North Central ............................................. 0.00 0.00 5,161.40 7,633.81 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 3,413.94 9,356.59 0.00

West ...................................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 0.00 5,624.50 0.00 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ – 2,521.96 912.41 10,801.36 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation

Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 15 85

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Management, business, and financial ............... 9 91

Professional and related .................................... 12 88

Teachers ........................................................ 14 86

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10 90

Registered nurses ......................................... 21 79

Service ................................................................... 29 71

Protective service .............................................. 22 78

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 84

Sales and related ............................................... 17 83

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 84

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 11 89

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 12 88

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 9 91

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 87

Production ......................................................... 12 88

Transportation and material moving .................. 14 86

Full time ................................................................. 12 88

Part time ................................................................ 42 58

Union ..................................................................... 13 87

Nonunion ............................................................... 15 85

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 28 72

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 46 54

Second 25 percent ............................................ 16 84

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12 88

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 11 89

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 11 89

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 90

Service-providing industries .................................. 16 84

Education and health services ........................... 20 80

Educational services ...................................... 14 86

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 12 88

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 22 78

Hospitals .................................................... 19 81

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 19 81

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 19 81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 20 80

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 87

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 88

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 36 64

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 42 58

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 7 93

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95

East North Central ............................................. 4 96

West North Central ............................................ 8 92

West ...................................................................... 7 93

Mountain ............................................................ 4 96

Pacific ................................................................ 9 91

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 2.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.2 3.2

Service ................................................................... 2.0 2.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.4 4.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.7 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 1.7

Production ......................................................... 2.1 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.8 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 6.9 6.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.8 2.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.2 2.2

Hospitals .................................................... 2.8 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.7 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.4 2.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 2.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.5

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 0.5 0.5

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.4 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 2.1

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1

March 2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 4 2 74 20 2 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 1 72 26 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 2 ( ) 62 37 2 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 2 ( ) 1 79 19 1

Teachers ........................................................ – – 84 12 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 84 11 4

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 89 9 –

Service ................................................................... 2 – 93 4 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 92 7 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 – 72 25 –

Sales and related ............................................... 3 – 72 23 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 – 72 26 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 14 3 70 13 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 26 3 65 6 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 4 74 18 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 – 71 11 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 9 – 76 8 –

Full time ................................................................. 4 2 73 21 2 ( )

Part time ................................................................ – 2 89 9 –

Union ..................................................................... 13 9 64 12 1

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 1 76 21 2 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 – 85 9 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 3 88 7 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 – 80 14 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 – 73 19 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 1 67 28 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 2 ( ) 68 30 1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 14 – 66 17 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 2 1 76 20 2 ( )

Education and health services ........................... – – 92 7 1

Educational services ...................................... – – 84 13 2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 87 9 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 78 21 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 96 4 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 91 8 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 94 6 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian workers,1

March 2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 ( ) 80 15 2 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 – 80 15 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 – 79 14 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 3 71 22 2 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 – 74 19 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 3 68 25 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1 – 85 13 –

New England ..................................................... 3 – 73 21 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1 – 87 11 –

South ..................................................................... 3 – 70 26 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 3 – 72 24 –

East South Central ............................................ 4 – 70 23 –

West South Central ........................................... 2 1 66 30 –

Midwest ................................................................. 10 3 65 21 2 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 9 4 64 23 2 ( )

West North Central ............................................ 12 – 67 18 –

West ...................................................................... 2 2 76 19 1

Mountain ............................................................ 3 – 74 20 –

Pacific ................................................................ 1 1 77 19 2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation

Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 0.2 1.7 1.7 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.1 0.1 2.7 2.7 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 0.2 0.3 1.5 1.4 0.3

Teachers ........................................................ – – 2.5 2.2 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 3.6 3.1 1.5

Registered nurses ......................................... – – 3.1 2.3 –

Service ................................................................... 0.6 – 1.0 0.7 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 2.0 1.8 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 – 1.3 1.2 –

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 – 1.9 2.0 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.2 – 1.6 1.5 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 0.9 2.1 1.6 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 1.2 3.0 1.4 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.7 1.5 3.1 2.4 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 – 2.2 1.6 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 – 2.7 1.9 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – 0.4 1.5 1.4 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.1 1.0 0.9 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 – 1.6 1.2 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.5 1.2 3.4 2.7 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 – 1.4 1.2 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 – 1.3 1.0 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.2 1.9 1.8 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.3 0.1 2.4 2.3 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 – 1.8 1.3 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.1

Education and health services ........................... – – 1.1 0.9 0.3

Educational services ...................................... – – 1.9 2.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 2.9 2.7 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.2 2.2 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 1.1 1.0 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 2.7 2.5 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 1.5 1.6 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 – 1.4 1.1 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 – 2.5 1.8 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 – 1.7 1.6 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 0.6 1.7 1.7 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 – 1.1 1.1 –

New England ..................................................... 1.0 – 2.9 2.7 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 – 1.1 1.1 –

South ..................................................................... 0.6 – 2.2 2.0 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 – 3.5 2.8 –

East South Central ............................................ 0.6 – 5.0 5.7 –

West South Central ........................................... 0.5 0.6 2.6 2.6 –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 2.0 2.0 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.8 2.4 2.6 0.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 – 3.2 2.5 –

West ...................................................................... 0.3 0.3 1.9 1.6 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 0.5 – 4.1 3.4 –

Pacific ................................................................ 0.4 0.3 1.9 1.7 0.7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation

Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 93 7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 94 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 94 6

Professional and related .................................... 93 7

Teachers ........................................................ 93 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 91 9

Registered nurses ......................................... 95 5

Service ................................................................... 95 5

Protective service .............................................. 96 4

Sales and office ..................................................... 94 6

Sales and related ............................................... 94 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 94 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 93 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 94 6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 92 8

Production ......................................................... 89 11

Transportation and material moving .................. 95 5

Full time ................................................................. 93 7

Part time ................................................................ 94 6

Union ..................................................................... 89 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 94 6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 94 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 93 7

Education and health services ........................... 95 5

Educational services ...................................... 90 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 86 14

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 95 5

Health care and social assistance ................. 96 4

Hospitals .................................................... 94 6

Public administration ......................................... 88 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 96 4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 92 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 93 7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 94 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 96 4

New England ..................................................... 95 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 96 4

South ..................................................................... 94 6

South Atlantic .................................................... 95 5

West South Central ........................................... 93 7

Midwest ................................................................. 89 11

East North Central ............................................. 88 12

West North Central ............................................ 93 7

West ...................................................................... 94 6

Mountain ............................................................ 94 6

Pacific ................................................................ 94 6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the

Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 1.9

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.6 1.6

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 0.9 0.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.4 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.0 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.3

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 1.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.0 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 1.4 1.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

New England ..................................................... 1.3 1.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.5 0.5

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 2.2

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the

Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1 25 3 41 18 13 61.3 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 ( ) 19 2 41 18 19 63.3 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 16 – 44 20 17 63.3 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 20 – 40 17 20 63.3 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 37 – 18 26 16 63.0 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 36 – 20 29 14 62.4 60.0

Registered nurses ......................................... – 23 3 54 15 – 58.8 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 36 4 36 20 – 58.0 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 40 – 29 20 8 58.8 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 ( ) 32 2 36 18 10 60.4 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 37 – 38 15 9 60.2 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 30 3 36 20 11 60.5 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 21 – 49 17 9 60.6 60.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 32 – 42 19 3 58.3 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 15 – 53 15 12 62.1 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 22 – 46 16 13 61.5 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2 ( ) 25 1 49 17 7 60.1 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 23 2 42 17 14 61.6 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 42 – 26 25 4 58.7 60.0

Union ..................................................................... – 31 – 32 23 8 60.0 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 24 2 42 17 14 61.5 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1 35 3 35 21 6 59.1 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 16 6 37 40 2 61.4 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 32 2 41 16 8 59.2 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2 ( ) 21 3 46 18 13 61.9 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 18 3 39 19 22 63.7 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 14 – 35 21 25 64.9 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1 17 3 44 15 21 63.4 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 27 2 40 19 11 60.9 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 30 – 41 17 7 59.6 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 38 – 21 20 15 61.8 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 40 4 19 27 11 61.0 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 31 11 23 – 24 64.2 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 27 – 49 16 3 58.8 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 25 4 55 – 5 59.0 60.0

Public administration ......................................... – 38 – 28 24 8 58.9 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 ( ) 26 3 41 19 12 61.1 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2 ( ) 26 3 39 19 13 61.1 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 24 – 46 19 10 61.1 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 25 2 41 17 14 61.5 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 26 2 42 19 10 60.6 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 ( ) 24 3 40 16 17 62.4 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 43 – 24 28 5 59.0 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 8 – 62 16 13 62.9 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 49 – 17 30 4 58.3 60.0

South ..................................................................... – 19 – 54 13 14 61.7 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 23 – 50 11 15 61.1 60.0

East South Central ............................................ – 12 – 60 – 13 62.4 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 13 – 58 15 13 62.5 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 16 – 52 13 19 63.2 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 16 – 51 12 20 63.4 60.0

West North Central ............................................ – 16 – 55 14 15 62.8 60.0

West ...................................................................... – – 12 42 13 20 62.9 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 8 – 57 10 20 61.9 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 13 18 34 15 – 63.4 60.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2020

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.0 0.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 1.3 0.4 2.4 1.2 2.8 0.6 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 1.3 – 2.8 2.3 2.0 0.5 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 1.8 – 3.2 1.5 3.9 0.9 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 3.0 – 1.8 2.9 2.5 1.1 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3.7 – 2.7 4.1 3.2 1.4 0.0

Registered nurses ......................................... – 4.5 1.3 6.3 3.6 – 0.5 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 5.0 1.2 3.4 3.4 – 0.7 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 3.3 – 4.5 4.1 1.9 0.6 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.1 1.4 0.4 1.7 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.3 – 3.5 1.8 1.8 0.6 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.1 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 2.9 – 3.2 2.4 1.3 0.5 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 6.7 – 7.1 5.3 1.2 0.9 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 2.6 – 3.9 1.9 1.9 0.7 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 2.7 – 2.7 2.1 1.6 0.4 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.2 3.5 0.4 3.4 2.5 1.3 0.6 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 1.1 0.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.4 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.5 – 3.1 2.1 0.7 0.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 1.9 – 2.5 2.2 1.3 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.3 0.5 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.4 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.2 2.1 0.9 2.8 2.1 1.2 0.4 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 2.5 2.3 5.4 4.8 0.7 0.4 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 2.1 0.5 1.8 1.7 0.9 0.5 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.1 1.0 0.3 1.8 1.2 1.4 0.3 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 1.4 0.5 2.3 1.3 2.6 0.6 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1.3 – 3.1 1.8 3.1 0.7 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.5 2.2 0.6 2.4 1.9 2.3 0.6 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 3.1 – 2.7 2.6 0.9 0.6 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 1.4 – 1.3 1.5 1.7 0.8 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.1 0.7 1.8 2.9 2.2 0.9 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 2.3 1.3 2.3 – 2.5 1.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.2 – 3.5 3.6 1.2 0.8 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 4.8 0.6 6.7 – 1.3 0.4 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 2.9 – 2.8 2.6 2.2 0.6 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.1 1.6 0.8 2.5 1.4 2.7 0.6 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.2 2.2 1.1 3.0 1.9 3.3 0.8 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 2.5 – 4.0 3.4 1.6 0.6 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 1.6 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 2.0 0.2 2.4 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 ( ) 1.8 0.7 2.2 1.6 1.3 0.5 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 1.9 – 1.6 2.2 0.5 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 1.3 – 5.6 4.1 1.7 0.7 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 1.8 – 1.3 2.7 0.5 0.4 7.4

South ..................................................................... – 1.6 – 2.4 1.7 1.2 0.3 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.3 – 3.3 1.9 1.5 0.2 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 3.6 – 6.5 – 3.4 0.6 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 2.1 – 4.1 3.9 2.6 0.9 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 1.6 – 2.5 1.6 2.1 0.6 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.1 – 3.4 2.0 3.0 0.8 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 2.1 – 2.5 2.6 1.2 0.6 0.0

West ...................................................................... – – 2.3 3.4 2.1 5.6 1.3 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 1.1 – 5.0 2.4 2.6 0.8 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 2.5 3.8 4.2 2.8 – 1.8 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 77 $170 $200 $667 $1,500 $2,500 23

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 73 170 500 1,000 2,300 3,000 27

Management, business, and financial ............... 77 170 595 1,000 2,300 3,000 23

Professional and related .................................... 72 170 500 1,000 2,300 3,000 28

Teachers ........................................................ 82 170 200 667 692 1,250 18

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 86 200 225 692 808 1,150 14

Registered nurses ......................................... 72 – 637 1,000 2,325 3,000 28

Service ................................................................... 78 170 170 604 1,000 2,000 22

Protective service .............................................. 83 170 170 570 1,000 2,310 17

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 170 200 650 1,500 2,500 18

Sales and related ............................................... 89 170 200 500 1,500 – 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 170 200 667 1,500 2,500 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 83 170 300 667 1,385 – 17

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 88 170 170 594 – 1,500 12

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 80 170 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 76 170 – 515 – 2,500 24

Transportation and material moving .................. 86 170 – 594 1,000 2,500 14

Full time ................................................................. 76 170 250 700 1,700 2,500 24

Part time ................................................................ 84 170 170 500 667 – 16

Union ..................................................................... 79 170 170 500 650 1,129 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 77 170 – 750 2,000 2,500 23

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 79 170 175 633 1,000 2,000 21

Second 25 percent ............................................ 79 170 170 633 1,500 2,500 21

Third 25 percent ................................................ 77 170 370 692 1,500 2,500 23

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 74 170 500 1,000 2,300 2,900 26

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 74 170 570 1,000 2,500 3,000 26

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 72 170 – 667 1,500 2,500 28

Service-providing industries .................................. 78 170 200 667 1,500 2,500 22

Education and health services ........................... 75 170 200 667 1,500 2,500 25

Educational services ...................................... 75 170 200 650 800 1,500 25

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 78 170 200 692 808 – 22

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 65 170 185 650 692 – 35

Health care and social assistance ................. 74 170 – 667 2,000 3,000 26

Hospitals .................................................... 74 185 633 – 2,500 3,000 26

Public administration ......................................... 71 135 200 576 731 1,500 29

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 79 $170 $175 $637 $1,250 $2,000 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 80 170 170 637 1,385 2,000 20

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 170 250 637 1,000 2,000 22

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 170 – 700 2,000 3,000 24

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 170 – 750 2,000 2,500 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 70 170 – 692 2,307 3,000 30

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 89 170 170 – 667 1,500 11

New England ..................................................... 69 – 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 31

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 92 170 170 200 650 – 8

South ..................................................................... 73 – 577 1,000 2,300 2,500 27

South Atlantic .................................................... 74 – 692 1,000 2,300 2,500 26

East South Central ............................................ 69 – 500 1,000 – – 31

West South Central ........................................... 75 – 600 1,000 2,000 2,500 25

Midwest ................................................................. 63 200 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 37

East North Central ............................................. 61 200 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 39

West North Central ............................................ 68 200 – 1,154 2,157 – 32

West ...................................................................... 76 185 594 1,000 2,310 3,000 24

Mountain ............................................................ 72 400 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 28

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1

March 2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.5 $0.00 $0.00 $10.02 $34.74 $0.00 1.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.8 0.00 72.89 0.00 93.29 370.85 2.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.4 0.00 100.87 173.91 284.46 242.61 2.4

Professional and related .................................... 3.9 0.00 46.98 112.58 68.57 459.75 3.9

Teachers ........................................................ 2.3 0.00 27.75 27.83 49.64 338.98 2.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.0 41.69 62.96 0.00 165.88 306.72 3.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.2 – 16.58 197.98 174.68 303.56 4.2

Service ................................................................... 3.8 0.00 0.00 104.14 104.48 194.30 3.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 6.39 0.00 73.36 164.48 83.00 2.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.00 0.00 19.38 41.97 0.00 1.3

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 81.94 191.44 – 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 17.35 123.54 0.00 1.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 0.00 73.27 87.80 229.10 – 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.3 0.00 25.29 145.23 – 0.00 3.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 9.48 18.95 269.43 116.43 413.78 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 0.00 – 97.58 – 213.21 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 0.00 – 123.33 169.05 523.24 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 0.00 61.72 63.34 383.64 0.00 1.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 0.00 0.00 40.80 24.23 – 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 0.00 14.48 0.00 6.76 201.61 2.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.7 0.00 – 57.47 366.00 0.00 1.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 0.00 31.20 22.72 110.71 263.41 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 0.00 17.22 11.73 105.87 0.00 2.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 0.00 44.77 56.82 334.82 0.00 1.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 0.00 0.00 66.06 294.61 487.58 2.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.8 0.00 100.28 227.43 218.65 149.92 2.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 0.00 – 75.67 20.99 421.74 1.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.8 0.00 0.00 8.89 130.58 0.00 1.8

Education and health services ........................... 3.7 0.00 30.19 16.70 209.06 129.03 3.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 0.00 18.16 19.45 140.88 0.00 1.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.9 9.08 15.13 17.74 126.81 – 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 0.00 0.00 51.17 152.04 – 3.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.1 0.00 – 37.69 217.40 632.14 5.1

Hospitals .................................................... 4.5 41.24 28.05 – 122.57 408.34 4.5

Public administration ......................................... 3.1 0.00 0.00 26.27 122.19 41.97 3.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.9 $0.00 $16.87 $12.78 $154.92 $319.27 2.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.9 0.00 6.58 14.87 224.01 316.30 3.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 0.00 73.81 11.93 98.98 555.50 3.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.00 – 57.40 65.80 476.90 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.00 – 157.08 310.11 103.23 1.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 0.00 – 26.33 176.79 263.49 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 – 13.87 163.41 1.9

New England ..................................................... 6.6 – 0.00 236.17 353.38 240.20 6.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 32.25 13.83 – 1.5

South ..................................................................... 2.1 – 107.43 0.00 355.26 195.98 2.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.0 – 63.87 0.00 186.10 518.50 3.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.1 – 0.00 0.00 – – 3.1

West South Central ........................................... 3.7 – 125.33 190.18 369.65 0.00 3.7

Midwest ................................................................. 3.0 0.00 0.00 70.95 95.47 49.45 3.0

East North Central ............................................. 3.7 0.00 0.00 28.10 259.60 0.00 3.7

West North Central ............................................ 4.4 0.00 – 203.03 304.43 – 4.4

West ...................................................................... 5.4 15.93 67.02 89.40 198.30 788.10 5.4

Mountain ............................................................ 8.0 101.63 0.00 51.40 370.59 587.07 8.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 6 94

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 7 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 4 96

Professional and related .................................... 9 91

Teachers ........................................................ 20 80

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 25 75

Registered nurses ......................................... 5 95

Service ................................................................... 8 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 6 94

Sales and related ............................................... 7 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 95

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3 97

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 7 93

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4 96

Production ......................................................... 3 97

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 93

Full time ................................................................. 6 94

Part time ................................................................ 8 92

Union ..................................................................... 11 89

Nonunion ............................................................... 6 94

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 9 91

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6 94

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 6 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6 94

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 4 96

Service-providing industries .................................. 7 93

Education and health services ........................... 10 90

Educational services ...................................... 17 83

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 21 79

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 6 94

Hospitals .................................................... 5 95

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 94

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 94

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 93

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 94

500 workers or more .......................................... 6 94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 95

New England ..................................................... 3 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 95

South ..................................................................... 7 93

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 94

East South Central ............................................ 12 88

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 8 92

East North Central ............................................. 9 91

West North Central ............................................ 4 96

West ...................................................................... 5 95

Mountain ............................................................ 9 91

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 2.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.7 1.7

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.1 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.7

Production ......................................................... 0.5 0.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.6 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.0 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... 1.0 1.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 2.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 0.9 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.7 0.7

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.5 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 1.1 1.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 1.0

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.3 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 0.4 0.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 96 2 1 2 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 97 2 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 97 2 – –

Professional and related .................................... 97 2 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 95 – 2 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 – 2 –

Registered nurses ......................................... 97 – – –

Service ................................................................... 98 1 – –

Protective service .............................................. 97 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 98 2 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 97 2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 98 2 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 87 5 6 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 78 6 12 4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 – 6 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 95 3 – –

Full time ................................................................. 96 2 1 2 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 96 2 – –

Union ..................................................................... 88 2 9 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 97 2 – –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 2 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 95 2 2 2 ( )

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 3 1 2 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 95 4 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 89 5 6 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 97 2 1 2 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 98 1 – –

Educational services ...................................... 97 1 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 96 – 2 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 98 2 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 98 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 98 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 98 2 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, civilian

workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 97 1 1 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 97 2 1 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 97 – 2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 95 3 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 2 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 95 3 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 97 1 1 2 ( )

New England ..................................................... 96 2 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 98 – 1 –

South ..................................................................... 95 3 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 97 2 – –

East South Central ............................................ 95 2 – –

West South Central ........................................... 92 6 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 93 3 3 2 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 94 2 3 2 ( )

West North Central ............................................ 93 4 – –

West ...................................................................... 98 1 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 99 2 () – –

Pacific ................................................................ 98 1 – –

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.4 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.6 0.5 – –

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.5 – –

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 – 0.6 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 – 0.8 –

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.3 – – –

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.5 – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.6 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 0.9 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 1.2 1.5 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.8 1.6 2.6 1.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 1.6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 – 1.6 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 0.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 1.2 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.3 1.6 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.3 – –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.5 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.0 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 0.8 1.3 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.4 – –

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.3 – –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 – 0.6 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 0.3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 1.5 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.7 0.7 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.6 – 0.6 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.4 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.7 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.6 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2

New England ..................................................... 1.6 0.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 – 0.3 –

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.8 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 0.8 – –

East South Central ............................................ 2.9 0.7 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 2.3 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 0.4 0.9 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 0.6 – –

West ...................................................................... 0.7 0.1 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 0.4 0.1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 0.2 – –

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 24 61 6 7 1 58.2 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 24 59 8 7 1 58.2 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 23 65 5 6 1 57.9 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 25 56 10 8 1 58.4 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ 13 43 23 18 3 60.9 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 15 32 26 23 4 61.1 62.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 39 56 4 2 – 55.8 60.0

Service ................................................................... 32 52 – 8 – 57.6 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 24 45 9 19 3 59.6 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 25 63 4 7 1 58.0 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... 29 64 – 5 – 57.0 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 24 63 4 8 1 58.3 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 14 73 – 7 – 59.0 60.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 76 – – – 60.7 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 19 72 6 – – 58.1 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 21 68 5 4 1 58.6 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 18 72 – 6 – 58.8 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 24 62 6 7 1 58.3 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 36 49 9 4 2 56.7 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 28 52 8 11 2 58.5 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 63 6 6 1 58.2 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 25 62 5 7 1 58.2 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 23 64 6 7 1 58.3 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 25 59 7 7 1 58.2 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 26 58 8 7 1 58.0 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 21 66 9 3 1 58.6 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 60 6 8 1 58.2 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 25 54 10 9 2 58.6 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 12 49 21 15 3 60.9 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 14 36 25 21 4 61.3 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 9 66 16 7 2 60.6 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 33 57 – 6 – 57.1 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... 40 55 3 2 – 55.7 60.0

Public administration ......................................... 20 44 – 21 – 60.0 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23 62 7 6 2 58.9 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 63 5 5 3 58.6 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 18 59 11 10 2 59.6 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 25 61 6 7 3 ( ) 57.9 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 65 5 9 1 58.5 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 29 58 7 6 3 ( ) 57.3 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 23 69 – 5 – 57.9 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 70 2 3 – 58.0 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 23 68 2 6 3 ( ) 57.8 60.0

South ..................................................................... 24 62 8 5 1 57.9 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 23 61 11 4 1 58.1 60.0

East South Central ............................................ 22 69 5 – – 58.1 60.0

West South Central ........................................... 29 60 2 – – 57.5 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 22 64 5 7 1 58.4 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 24 62 5 9 1 58.3 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 18 70 5 4 2 58.6 60.0

West ...................................................................... 28 52 – 10 – 58.7 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 26 57 – 13 – 58.4 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ 29 49 11 – – 58.8 60.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian

workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.4 2.6 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 2.6 2.6 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 2.2 2.3 2.0 0.8 0.5 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.7 3.1 2.8 1.2 0.7 2.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 7.0 6.9 1.2 0.5 – 0.8 0.0

Service ................................................................... 3.7 4.1 – 2.0 – 0.7 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.5 4.9 1.9 5.1 1.3 0.7 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.9 3.2 – 1.5 – 0.4 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 3.3 – 2.3 – 0.3 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.2 6.3 – – – 0.5 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.8 3.3 1.1 – – 0.4 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 2.5 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 3.0 – 1.4 – 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 6.1 6.0 1.9 1.0 0.6 1.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 2.1 0.9 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 2.4 0.7 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 1.7 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.9 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.8 1.4 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.7 2.6 1.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 2.2 2.5 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.5 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 2.0 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.2 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 2.6 2.0 2.5 1.0 0.4 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.6 3.9 – 2.5 – 0.8 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... 5.2 4.6 0.8 0.6 – 0.7 0.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.8 4.0 – 3.5 – 0.5 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, civilian

workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.7 2.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.3 3.2 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 3.4 2.0 2.2 0.6 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 2.4 0.7 1.6 0.2 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.4 4.2 – 1.2 – 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 8.5 0.3 1.3 – 0.7 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.1 4.2 0.6 1.7 0.1 0.5 0.0

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.4 2.5 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 4.8 3.9 1.7 – – 0.6 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 2.0 0.5 – – 0.6 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.2 0.3 0.2 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 2.7 1.5 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 2.7 1.8 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.0

West ...................................................................... 3.5 3.0 – 1.8 – 0.6 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 3.7 4.1 – 2.0 – 0.4 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 4.9 3.8 2.0 – – 0.9 0.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 88 $4,000 $5,000 $10,000 $12,500 $20,000 12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 88 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 12

Professional and related .................................... 87 3,900 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 13

Teachers ........................................................ 75 – 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 25

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 71 1,500 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 29

Registered nurses ......................................... 92 3,000 5,000 10,000 – 15,000 8

Service ................................................................... 91 3,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 9

Protective service .............................................. 77 3,102 5,000 5,000 – 12,000 23

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 12

Sales and related ............................................... 91 5,000 5,000 9,500 15,000 20,833 9

Office and administrative support ...................... 87 3,900 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 13

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 90 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 10

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 89 5,000 5,000 6,000 7,500 15,000 11

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 90 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 90 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

Transportation and material moving .................. 92 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 8

Full time ................................................................. 88 4,000 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,000 12

Part time ................................................................ 83 – 5,000 9,200 12,000 – 17

Union ..................................................................... 80 2,500 4,000 – 10,000 12,500 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 4,000 5,000 7,500 12,000 15,000 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 89 3,900 5,000 8,000 12,000 – 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 4,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 12

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 89 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 11

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 17,000 10

Service-providing industries .................................. 88 3,900 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,000 12

Education and health services ........................... 87 3,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 13

Educational services ...................................... 77 – 4,000 5,000 9,200 12,500 23

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 71 1,500 3,900 5,000 6,500 9,450 29

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 84 3,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 16

Health care and social assistance ................. 94 3,000 5,000 7,000 – 15,000 6

Hospitals .................................................... 94 – 5,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 6

Public administration ......................................... 67 3,102 4,000 5,000 6,500 10,000 33

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 90 – $5,000 $8,000 $12,000 $17,333 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 91 $5,000 5,000 8,000 13,500 20,000 9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 88 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 12

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 3,900 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 84 – 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 93 5,000 5,556 10,000 12,500 15,000 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 4,500 5,000 10,000 13,000 15,000 6

South ..................................................................... 92 3,900 5,000 10,000 15,000 17,000 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 92 3,900 5,000 8,000 12,500 20,000 8

East South Central ............................................ 91 – 5,000 8,000 15,000 15,000 9

West South Central ........................................... 91 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Midwest ................................................................. 80 5,000 5,000 8,000 11,500 20,000 20

East North Central ............................................. 79 5,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 21

West North Central ............................................ 82 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 18

West ...................................................................... 90 4,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Mountain ............................................................ 87 5,000 5,000 9,000 15,000 20,000 13

Pacific ................................................................ 91 3,333 5,500 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March

2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 $134.10 $0.00 $416.72 $1,068.93 $2,594.80 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 1,113.18 462.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.2 0.00 893.87 0.00 0.00 696.59 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 96.56 0.00 651.47 3,197.68 2,406.94 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 – 48.28 0.00 532.02 875.16 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 870.32 1,793.36 2.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.6 182.48 0.00 1,526.76 – 0.00 1.6

Service ................................................................... 1.2 407.91 0.00 953.30 700.84 0.00 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.5 301.86 271.28 0.00 – 1,368.62 3.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 1,221.25 0.00 91.24 3,012.35 937.04 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 0.00 0.00 2,552.23 2,747.87 0.00 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 338.82 0.00 0.00 3,453.94 789.86 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 620.73 0.00 465.24 0.00 0.00 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 688.53 0.00 965.61 774.21 3,233.60 2.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 – 0.00 687.50 584.23 0.00 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.2 – 0.00 657.95 0.00 0.00 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 – 0.00 474.10 0.00 0.00 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 130.32 0.00 361.99 1,570.39 2,522.51 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.6 – 831.03 2,262.43 3,119.60 – 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 743.44 569.72 – 0.00 2,924.13 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 91.24 841.43 0.00 1,326.14 0.00 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 560.48 0.00 625.52 2,196.26 0.00 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 479.82 0.00 555.00 1,112.92 – 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 880.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 0.00 677.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 0.00 418.12 0.00 0.00 3,626.78 1.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 44.70 0.00 777.70 712.62 2,335.08 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 45.26 0.00 933.15 0.00 0.00 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 – 222.75 1,306.38 863.27 733.07 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.4 64.52 0.00 0.00 822.18 1,323.75 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 291.97 0.00 408.04 0.00 0.00 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.7 883.84 0.00 853.21 – 0.00 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 – 182.48 921.49 3,336.24 0.00 1.2

Public administration ......................................... 2.7 149.69 548.36 0.00 1,001.00 0.00 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount2

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 – $0.00 $720.56 $1,671.90 $4,984.94 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 $0.00 182.48 2,076.06 2,760.49 1,290.35 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 – 0.00 594.06 0.00 0.00 2.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 201.29 0.00 0.00 2,708.20 928.03 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 948.21 0.00 1,544.57 659.77 3,425.11 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 – 258.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1,120.90 987.41 0.00 2,412.30 0.00 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 984.90 1,436.87 0.00 3,072.55 0.00 1.4

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.00 0.00 1,441.50 2,209.19 4,109.35 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.8 237.59 0.00 1,997.33 3,405.47 5,680.28 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 – 0.00 1,745.55 2,873.74 1,824.83 3.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 1,412.61 816.09 0.00 1,365.58 5,529.64 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 706.25 0.00 1,132.34 1,863.06 5,050.95 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1,194.01 0.00 1,064.32 0.00 0.00 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 387.10 0.00 1,596.63 2,987.37 1,147.64 3.0

West ...................................................................... 1.5 684.69 898.62 0.00 2,593.57 0.00 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 91.24 547.45 1,261.69 2,455.06 4,322.61 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 676.81 974.19 0.00 3,384.55 0.00 1.9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave2

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 78 78 76 47 58 59 33 21 89

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 82 92 79 64 76 79 49 31 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 95 96 66 78 81 49 31 95

Professional and related .................................... 76 91 71 63 75 78 48 31 93

Teachers ........................................................ 34 89 18 65 77 82 57 26 92

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 28 98 15 80 84 89 59 28 94

Registered nurses ......................................... 92 94 90 74 83 85 50 36 96

Service ................................................................... 60 62 60 28 37 40 19 14 84

Protective service .............................................. 82 84 84 41 63 70 52 21 94

Sales and office ..................................................... 84 78 81 50 58 59 30 21 90

Sales and related ............................................... 76 65 70 41 46 46 21 17 88

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 85 88 55 65 67 35 24 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 81 70 81 35 46 44 22 14 86

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 72 60 71 26 34 32 14 12 83

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 91 80 92 45 59 57 30 17 89

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 86 73 85 40 61 58 32 11 89

Production ......................................................... 92 72 90 40 63 59 29 13 89

Transportation and material moving .................. 81 74 80 41 59 57 34 10 89

Full time ................................................................. 88 88 87 55 69 69 39 25 92

Part time ................................................................ 47 45 39 20 25 27 13 8 80

Union ..................................................................... 81 93 75 63 83 84 55 23 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 78 75 76 44 54 56 29 20 88

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 59 52 55 25 31 33 13 9 82

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 43 33 40 14 21 25 8 5 79

Second 25 percent ............................................ 83 82 83 47 59 59 29 20 90

Third 25 percent ................................................ 91 89 91 55 69 71 39 24 92

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 84 94 81 65 80 81 54 32 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 95 83 64 83 85 55 36 95

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 89 74 89 40 59 56 29 16 89

Service-providing industries .................................. 76 78 74 48 58 60 33 22 89

Education and health services ........................... 74 87 69 59 70 74 42 26 92

Educational services ...................................... 51 90 40 62 78 82 60 26 92

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 39 93 27 73 80 85 59 27 92

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 82 90 70 46 83 87 72 27 98

Health care and social assistance ................. 87 85 87 57 66 69 32 26 91

Hospitals .................................................... 94 95 94 71 85 87 56 36 96

Public administration ......................................... 91 92 91 54 85 89 77 24 96

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave2

Paid Unpaid

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 72 69 70 36 44 45 19 15 84

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 71 66 68 33 39 40 16 14 82

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 76 76 74 47 58 57 26 19 90

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 86 82 57 73 74 47 26 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 83 83 82 53 65 66 35 23 94

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 90 82 60 81 83 60 29 94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 78 81 75 55 66 68 40 28 89

New England ..................................................... 78 84 74 55 63 65 43 24 89

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 80 75 55 67 69 39 29 89

South ..................................................................... 77 72 75 45 56 59 33 18 86

South Atlantic .................................................... 78 72 76 43 57 57 30 16 85

East South Central ............................................ 80 68 76 44 55 61 34 17 86

West South Central ........................................... 74 73 74 47 57 60 37 21 89

Midwest ................................................................. 77 73 76 49 61 60 29 20 92

East North Central ............................................. 77 73 76 50 63 61 30 21 91

West North Central ............................................ 77 74 77 48 56 57 27 18 93

West ...................................................................... 81 88 79 40 52 53 31 20 91

Mountain ............................................................ 81 77 77 48 58 57 31 19 93

Pacific ................................................................ 81 93 80 37 50 51 31 21 90

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.3 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.6 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.6 0.6 2.3 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 0.9 0.9 1.7 2.5 2.5 1.9 3.9 4.0 0.8

Service ................................................................... 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 3.4 3.1 2.3 1.8 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.1 0.9 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 1.5 0.8 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7 0.9 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.2 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.3 1.1 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.4 2.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.4 1.0 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.4 0.5 0.6 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.0 2.1 2.3 1.4 1.8 2.2 0.9 0.8 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.8 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.7 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.1 1.0 1.6 2.2 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.3 0.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.6 3.0 2.4 2.9 3.7 2.5 2.2 2.6 1.7

Hospitals .................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.9 2.6 2.4 1.7 2.8 2.8 1.1

Public administration ......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 2.3 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.6 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.0

New England ..................................................... 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.7 3.0 2.2 1.5 1.7 2.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.7 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.4 2.2 3.8 2.8 1.5 0.9

West South Central ........................................... 3.8 4.1 2.9 2.8 2.2 1.6 2.1 2.4 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.4 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.8 2.6 3.0 2.0 1.9 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.9 3.1 2.4 2.3 2.9 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.7 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.8 3.0 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2 2.1 0.9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 8 3 21 13 12 9 14 7 6 3 1 3 8 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 15 11 13 10 18 10 9 5 2 4 9 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 1 14 9 14 10 22 11 9 4 1 3 9 10

Professional and related .................................... 2 2 15 12 12 10 16 10 9 5 2 5 9 9

Teachers ........................................................ 7 4 15 6 6 6 11 12 9 7 5 13 10 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 11 6 24 7 – 4 8 – 3 6 4 13 9 9

Registered nurses ......................................... 4 – 35 21 13 8 5 4 4 5 – 1 8 7

Service ................................................................... 16 5 22 17 9 6 8 6 4 3 1 2 7 7

Protective service .............................................. 6 – 12 4 6 6 15 20 18 7 – 3 10 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 12 4 23 13 11 8 15 5 5 2 1 1 8 7

Sales and related ............................................... 26 5 30 11 8 6 7 1 3 1 – – 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 3 20 13 12 9 18 7 6 2 1 2 8 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 7 31 16 10 9 11 6 3 1 1 2 8 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 6 9 35 13 8 8 10 4 3 2 1 2 7 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 4 27 18 11 9 11 7 4 1 1 2 8 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 25 12 17 10 12 8 2 1 1 4 8 8

Production ......................................................... 4 2 20 11 15 13 14 10 3 1 1 6 9 8

Transportation and material moving .................. 7 4 31 12 20 7 11 6 2 1 2 () 1 7 7

Full time ................................................................. 5 3 20 13 13 9 15 8 6 3 1 3 9 8

Part time ................................................................ 24 5 30 12 10 6 6 2 2 3 2 () 1 6 6

Union ..................................................................... 3 2 12 9 11 8 13 17 12 5 2 7 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 4 23 13 13 9 14 6 5 2 1 2 8 8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 22 6 32 15 8 4 6 3 2 1 2 () 1 6 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 29 5 32 17 7 2 6 1 1 – – 2 () 6 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 6 4 24 14 13 9 13 6 4 2 1 2 8 8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 3 19 12 13 9 16 9 7 3 1 4 9 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2 2 12 10 14 11 20 11 9 4 2 4 9 10

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 1 9 10 15 12 24 10 9 5 2 4 10 10

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3 3 19 12 13 13 16 9 5 1 1 4 9 8

Service-providing industries .................................. 9 3 22 13 12 8 14 7 6 3 1 3 8 8

Education and health services ........................... 4 3 22 14 11 7 11 8 7 5 2 6 9 8

Educational services ...................................... 4 3 7 3 5 6 13 11 11 11 7 18 11 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 7 5 13 5 3 5 10 11 9 8 5 19 11 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1 – – 2 6 8 15 11 15 15 9 17 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 5 3 28 19 13 7 10 6 5 3 – – 8 7

Hospitals .................................................... 3 – 34 17 14 10 7 6 4 3 – – 8 7

Public administration ......................................... – – 2 ( ) – 1 8 15 29 26 9 4 5 11 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 5 24 15 11 8 13 6 4 2 2 () 1 8 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10 5 25 16 11 8 13 5 4 2 2 () 1 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10 4 22 12 12 10 13 9 4 2 1 2 8 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 2 19 11 13 9 15 9 7 3 2 4 9 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 3 23 13 12 9 14 7 5 2 2 2 8 8

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 1 15 9 14 9 16 11 10 4 2 6 10 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 2 19 12 11 8 13 11 8 3 1 3 9 8

New England ..................................................... 7 2 15 10 13 7 14 15 10 4 1 2 9 9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 2 21 12 11 9 13 10 8 3 1 3 9 8

South ..................................................................... 10 5 21 13 13 8 13 6 5 2 1 3 8 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 5 21 14 12 7 13 5 7 3 1 2 8 7

East South Central ............................................ 11 6 24 10 12 8 10 8 4 4 – – 8 8

West South Central ........................................... 8 4 21 13 14 8 15 6 4 1 2 4 8 8

Midwest ................................................................. 6 1 26 14 13 9 13 7 4 2 1 4 8 8

East North Central ............................................. 5 1 27 13 14 8 13 7 4 2 2 5 8 8

West North Central ............................................ 8 1 23 17 13 10 12 7 5 – – 1 8 8

West ...................................................................... 7 4 19 12 12 11 17 7 5 3 1 2 8 8

Mountain ............................................................ 7 6 26 14 10 9 16 5 4 1 1 2 8 7

Pacific ................................................................ 7 4 15 11 13 11 17 8 6 4 2 1 8 8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm

for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 1.3 2.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.8 1.7 1.8 1.1 2.0 0.3 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 2.2 3.7 1.7 – 1.9 2.2 – 1.4 2.6 1.7 3.3 0.5 1.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.4 – 4.5 4.2 2.4 1.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.7 – 0.4 0.2 0.0

Service ................................................................... 1.7 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 – 2.8 1.5 0.7 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.2 – 0.7 0.3 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 0.6 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.7 1.1 0.9 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.3 1.8 3.2 2.9 1.8 1.5 2.9 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 1.0 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.0

Production ......................................................... 0.9 0.3 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.6 0.6 1.9 1.1 1.9 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.8 2.4 1.2 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 0.6 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.7 1.0 3.1 2.5 1.4 0.5 1.5 0.3 0.3 – – 0.1 0.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.1 0.3 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.0 2.3 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.7 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.7 0.2 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.3 2.3 1.4 0.8 1.1 2.0 0.3 0.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.4 – – 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.4 2.0 1.1 1.9 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 1.0 2.3 2.6 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 – – 0.2 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... 1.0 – 4.3 3.8 2.7 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.0 0.9 – – 0.1 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – – 0.2 – 0.5 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.6 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.8 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.5 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.8 0.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.6

New England ..................................................... 2.2 0.3 1.2 1.8 3.5 1.7 2.6 2.5 1.9 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 0.7 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 0.8 1.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 1.3 3.0 1.9 2.6 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 – – 0.2 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.0 3.0 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.2 1.8 1.4 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 0.2 2.3 1.9 1.0 1.9 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 0.4 2.5 1.6 0.9 2.2 2.1 0.7 0.9 – – 0.3 0.1 0.9

West ...................................................................... 0.7 0.9 1.7 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.5 2.5 3.3 2.5 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.8 2.9 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.1 1.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm

for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian workers,1 March

2020

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

All workers ............................................................. 68 3 30

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 67 3 30

Management, business, and financial ............... 62 4 34

Professional and related .................................... 69 3 28

Teachers ........................................................ 92 2 6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 1 6

Service ................................................................... 71 2 27

Protective service .............................................. 82 4 14

Sales and office ..................................................... 63 2 35

Sales and related ............................................... 61 3 36

Office and administrative support ...................... 64 2 34

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 65 4 30

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 65 5 30

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 66 4 30

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 75 2 23

Transportation and material moving .................. 80 1 19

Full time ................................................................. 66 3 31

Part time ................................................................ 77 1 22

Union ..................................................................... 86 2 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 64 3 33

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 71 2 27

Second 25 percent ............................................ 66 2 31

Third 25 percent ................................................ 67 2 31

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 4 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 66 4 30

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 66 4 30

Service-providing industries .................................. 68 2 30

Education and health services ........................... 68 1 31

Educational services ...................................... 92 1 7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 94 1 6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 92 3 5

Health care and social assistance ................. 53 6 ( ) 47

Public administration ......................................... 87 3 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 67 3 29

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 66 4 30

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 70 1 29

100 workers or more .............................................. 68 2 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 66 2 32

500 workers or more .......................................... 70 3 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 75 3 22

New England ..................................................... 75 3 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 75 3 22

South ..................................................................... 64 3 33

South Atlantic .................................................... 65 2 33

East South Central ............................................ 72 5 24

West South Central ........................................... 60 3 37

Midwest ................................................................. 60 3 37

East North Central ............................................. 61 3 35

West North Central ............................................ 58 3 39

West ...................................................................... 73 2 26

Mountain ............................................................ 64 1 35

Pacific ................................................................ 76 2 22

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 6 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian

workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.2 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.4 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.6 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 0.5 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.2 0.5 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 0.4 1.3

Service ................................................................... 2.1 0.4 2.1

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 0.6 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.3 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 0.6 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.3 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.3 1.0 2.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 2.1 3.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.9 0.9 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 0.4 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 0.3 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.2 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 0.3 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 0.3 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.2 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 0.5 1.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.5 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.4 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 0.8 1.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.1 0.7 1.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.2 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 0.1 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.3 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.3 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 0.8 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 0.1 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 0.6 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, civilian

workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year2

As needed3

As part of

consolidated

leave plan4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 0.4 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 0.5 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 0.3 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.3 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.4 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.4 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 0.4 1.7

New England ..................................................... 1.5 0.4 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 0.5 2.0

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.4 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 1.5 3.3

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 0.8 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 0.6 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 0.7 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 1.1 1.8

West ...................................................................... 2.0 0.3 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.2 0.4 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 0.4 2.4

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 3 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 4 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 22 47 27 4 4 () 8 7

Full time ................................................................. 20 45 30 5187

Part time ................................................................ 32 57 9––66

Union ..................................................................... 14 31 46 9 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 24 51 22 3 4 () 7 6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 52 17 3 4 () 7 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 55 16 2 4 () 7 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 47 21 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 18 42 34 6 4 () 8 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 21 49 25 5186

500 workers or more .......................................... 14 36 43 7 4 ( ) 9 10

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 21 47 26 5187

Full time ................................................................. 19 44 30 6187

Part time ................................................................ 30 60 9––66

Union ..................................................................... 11 30 45 12 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 51 22 3176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 53 17 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 55 16 3 4 () 7 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 27 48 21 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 42 34 7198

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 21 49 25 6187

500 workers or more .......................................... 13 36 42 8 1 9 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March

2020—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 20 47 27 5187

Full time ................................................................. 19 44 30 6187

Part time ................................................................ 29 60 9––66

Union ..................................................................... 11 30 45 13 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 51 22 3176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 53 18 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 55 16 3 4 () 7 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 27 47 22 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 42 34 7199

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 48 25 6187

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 36 42 9 1 10 10

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 20 47 27 5187

Full time ................................................................. 19 44 30 6187

Part time ................................................................ 29 60 9––66

Union ..................................................................... 11 30 45 13 1 11 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 23 51 22 3186

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 26 53 18 3176

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25 55 16 3 4 () 7 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 26 47 22 ––76

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 42 34 7199

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 49 25 6197

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 36 42 9 1 10 10

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian

workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 2.6 2.7 0.8 – – 0.2 0.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 2.2 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.6 1.6 – – 0.3 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.8 1.6 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 4 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.6 0.8 – – 0.1 4 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 4 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.8 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 2.2 1.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.6 1.6 – – 0.3 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.7 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian

workers,2 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.6 0.9 – – 0.1 0.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 4 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.8 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 2.2 1.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.6 2.7 1.6 – – 0.3 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.8 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.5 2.6 0.9 – – 0.1 0.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 4 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.8 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 2.2 1.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 2.9 1.6 – – 0.3 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.8 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 57 21 36 43

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 31 37 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 58 22 36 42

Professional and related .................................... 72 34 37 28

Teachers ........................................................ 88 50 38 12

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 89 51 38 11

Service ................................................................... 65 23 42 35

Protective service .............................................. 79 42 37 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 49 15 34 51

Sales and related ............................................... 38 9 30 62

Office and administrative support ...................... 54 18 36 46

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 46 12 33 54

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 44 11 33 56

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 47 13 34 53

Production, transportation, and material moving:

Transportation and material moving .................... 42 10 32 58

Full time ................................................................. 58 23 35 42

Part time ................................................................ 54 12 42 46

Union ..................................................................... 73 35 38 27

Nonunion ............................................................... 53 18 35 47

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 55 18 37 45

Third 25 percent ................................................ 57 23 34 43

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 66 29 37 34

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 63 29 35 37

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 61 23 38 39

Education and health services ........................... 80 38 42 20

Educational services ...................................... 88 51 38 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 51 37 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 53 36 11

Public administration ......................................... 94 57 36 6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 46 14 32 54

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 42 14 28 58

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 56 16 40 44

100 workers or more .............................................. 66 26 39 34

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 58 19 39 42

500 workers or more .......................................... 73 33 40 27

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 57 16 41 43

New England ..................................................... 59 11 48 41

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 56 18 38 44

South ..................................................................... 57 26 31 43

South Atlantic .................................................... 57 27 30 43

East South Central ............................................ 57 26 31 43

West South Central ........................................... 58 24 34 42

West ...................................................................... 58 22 36 42

Pacific ................................................................ 56 23 34 44

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian

workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.0 1.4 2.0 2.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.7 2.5 2.3 1.7

Service ................................................................... 2.2 1.6 2.1 2.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.6 3.0 4.0 3.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 0.7 1.4 1.5

Sales and related ............................................... 2.5 1.2 2.2 2.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 0.9 1.7 1.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.1 1.9 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 1.9 3.4 2.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 1.4 2.5 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving:

Transportation and material moving .................... 3.0 1.2 3.0 3.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 2.6 1.5 2.4 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 1.4 2.1 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.7 1.1 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 1.3 1.4 0.9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 2.3 2.0 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 2.5 2.4 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 2.1 1.7 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, civilian

workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision2

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.8 1.2 2.6 2.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 1.1 1.7 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 1.2 2.3 2.3

New England ..................................................... 5.2 0.9 5.6 5.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 1.5 2.5 2.4

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.2 0.9 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.2 1.4 1.8 2.2

West ...................................................................... 1.9 1.2 2.2 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.3 2.5 1.9

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 7 29 37 17 7 3 11 10

Full time ................................................................. 5 28 39 18 8 3 11 10

Part time ................................................................ 27 41 22 6––86

Union ..................................................................... 6 31 44 13 5 1 10 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 29 35 17 7 3 11 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 37 34 11 5 1 9 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 12 36 35 11 5 1 9 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8 40 34 13 5 1 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 23 38 21 9 4 12 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 29 38 19 6 2 11 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 4 15 39 24 12 6 14 13

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 10 31 34 15 7 15 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 8 30 36 17 8 15 15

Part time ................................................................ 9 27 36 20 5 3 11 10

Union ..................................................................... 1 7 38 36 13 4 14 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 11 29 33 16 8 15 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 16 35 31 11 4 13 13

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 17 34 29 11 4 13 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 11 36 36 10 5 14 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 6 27 36 19 10 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 7 32 35 17 7 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 5 21 37 21 14 17 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 16 36 23 16 18 16

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 14 37 25 18 18 18

Part time ................................................................ 8 18 29 28 10 7 13 13

Union ..................................................................... 1 3 13 49 23 11 18 16

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 17 34 23 17 18 16

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 11 22 33 20 10 16 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 12 24 31 19 10 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 7 18 39 24 10 17 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 11 38 26 21 19 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 14 40 23 17 18 17

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 3 8 35 28 25 20 20

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 6 12 19 32 29 20 20

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 11 18 34 31 21 20

Part time ................................................................ 7 16 20 22 19 15 16 15

Union ..................................................................... 4 ( ) 3 7 13 42 36 22 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 13 20 31 28 20 20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 10 18 23 27 18 17 18

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 11 19 23 26 17 17 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 7 15 25 31 20 18 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 7 15 36 38 22 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 8 20 35 33 22 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 3 5 9 38 45 23 24

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2

March 2020

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.3 1.7 1.9 0.8 – – 0.3 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.7 1.7 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 1.5 1.5 0.8 1.1 0.6 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.2 0.3 0.3 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.8

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.5 0.6 1.3 0.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.7 1.9 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 1.3 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 civilian workers,2

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service3

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.5 1.3 2.1 1.7 1.0 0.2 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 1.2 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.5 0.4 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.2 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.3 0.2 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.2 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.6 0.4 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.7 0.2 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.2 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.2 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.5 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 0.4 4 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.5 0.2 0.5

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 4 Less than 0.05.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2020

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 41 14 18 21 23 59 9 13 15 18

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 48 16 20 23 25 52 11 15 17 20

Management, business, and financial ............... 44 17 20 23 25 56 12 15 17 20

Professional and related .................................... 51 16 20 23 25 49 11 15 17 20

Teachers ........................................................ 21 13 15 16 17 79 13 15 17 19

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 21 12 14 15 16 79 11 13 16 19

Registered nurses ......................................... 75 17 21 24 26 25 11 15 17 19

Service ................................................................... 41 14 18 20 22 59 8 11 14 15

Protective service .............................................. 21 16 20 23 26 79 10 13 16 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 42 14 18 21 24 58 9 13 15 18

Sales and related ............................................... 41 11 17 19 23 59 8 12 14 17

Office and administrative support ...................... 42 15 19 22 25 58 9 13 16 19

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 33 10 14 17 18 67 8 11 14 16

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 33 9 12 14 16 67 7 11 13 15

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 32 11 16 18 21 68 8 12 15 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 27 10 14 17 20 73 7 12 15 18

Production ......................................................... 31 10 14 18 21 69 7 12 15 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 23 10 14 17 20 77 7 12 15 18

Full time ................................................................. 41 15 19 22 24 59 9 13 16 18

Part time ................................................................ 36 10 14 15 17 64 6 10 13 15

Union ..................................................................... 18 15 19 22 25 82 9 13 17 21

Nonunion ............................................................... 44 14 18 21 23 56 9 13 15 17

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 38 12 16 18 21 62 7 11 13 15

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 34 10 14 16 18 66 6 10 12 14

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40 13 18 21 23 60 8 12 15 17

Third 25 percent ................................................ 40 14 18 21 24 60 9 13 16 19

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 44 16 20 23 25 56 11 15 17 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 46 17 21 23 25 54 12 15 18 20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 33 10 14 17 20 67 8 12 14 17

Service-providing industries .................................. 42 15 19 22 24 58 9 13 16 18

Education and health services ........................... 53 17 21 24 25 47 11 14 17 18

Educational services ...................................... 12 14 17 18 19 88 13 15 18 21

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 12 12 13 15 15 88 11 13 16 19

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8 18 21 24 25 92 15 17 19 22

Health care and social assistance ................. 65 17 21 24 26 35 9 13 16 17

Hospitals .................................................... 78 20 24 27 29 22 12 15 17 20

Public administration ......................................... 10 18 22 25 30 90 11 14 17 22

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 38 12 16 19 20 62 8 11 14 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 38 12 16 18 20 62 8 11 13 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 40 12 17 20 21 60 8 12 15 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 42 15 20 23 26 58 10 14 17 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 42 14 19 22 25 58 9 13 16 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 42 17 21 24 27 58 11 15 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 34 15 19 21 23 66 9 13 16 18

New England ..................................................... 35 15 19 21 23 65 10 14 16 19

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 34 15 19 21 23 66 9 13 15 18

South ..................................................................... 41 14 18 21 23 59 9 12 15 17

South Atlantic .................................................... 39 14 18 21 23 61 9 12 15 17

East South Central ............................................ 36 13 17 20 23 64 8 12 14 17

West South Central ........................................... 46 13 18 21 23 54 8 12 15 17

Midwest ................................................................. 44 14 18 21 24 56 9 13 16 19

East North Central ............................................. 41 14 18 21 24 59 9 13 16 19

West North Central ............................................ 48 15 19 22 24 52 8 13 16 19

West ...................................................................... 43 14 18 21 23 57 9 13 16 18

Mountain ............................................................ 50 14 18 21 23 50 9 13 16 18

Pacific ................................................................ 39 14 18 21 23 61 9 13 15 18

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ 4.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 4.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 5.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.7 5.7 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 3.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.7

Service ................................................................... 2.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 3.1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 3.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 3.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.9 2.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.4 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.4 3.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.2 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6

Hospitals .................................................... 2.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, civilian workers,2 March

2020—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

New England ..................................................... 3.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 3.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

East South Central ............................................ 3.9 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 3.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 2.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

West ...................................................................... 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.9 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 11 7 12 8 44 54

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 18 15 21 14 60 70

Management, business, and financial ............... 20 23 30 16 62 70

Professional and related .................................... 17 11 18 13 59 71

Teachers ........................................................ 14 3 8 7 55 68

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 11 2 4 3 54 68

Registered nurses ......................................... 28 3 10 14 81 87

Service ................................................................... 10 2 9 6 27 36

Protective service .............................................. 10 2 5 9 43 58

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 7 11 7 45 57

Sales and related ............................................... 5 5 10 4 38 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 11 8 12 9 50 59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6 2 4 4 29 37

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 1 3 4 24 29

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6 2 5 5 35 46

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 2 4 4 45 55

Production ......................................................... 8 3 5 3 48 54

Transportation and material moving .................. 3 1 3 4 42 56

Full time ................................................................. 13 9 13 10 50 61

Part time ................................................................ 6 2 10 4 25 35

Union ..................................................................... 15 3 6 12 58 78

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 8 13 8 42 51

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 2 7 3 27 35

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 1 8 3 17 25

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 5 9 7 41 51

Third 25 percent ................................................ 13 7 12 11 52 63

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 20 15 22 15 62 74

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 23 20 27 19 66 79

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 9 6 9 5 46 52

Service-providing industries .................................. 12 7 13 9 44 55

Education and health services ........................... 17 4 11 10 52 64

Educational services ...................................... 15 4 7 8 58 71

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10 2 2 3 53 67

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 28 9 17 20 77 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 18 4 13 11 49 60

Hospitals .................................................... 36 2 7 18 83 95

Public administration ......................................... 17 6 12 17 64 81

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 6 11 5 26 33

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 6 10 5 21 28

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 7 12 6 39 49

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 8 14 11 63 75

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9 6 13 8 54 66

500 workers or more .......................................... 25 10 15 15 73 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14 7 15 11 43 56

New England ..................................................... 15 7 18 13 48 60

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 14 6 15 10 41 54

South ..................................................................... 11 7 11 7 45 52

South Atlantic .................................................... 12 8 12 7 46 53

East South Central ............................................ 6 6 9 4 47 52

West South Central ........................................... 10 7 10 6 44 49

Midwest ................................................................. 10 7 12 6 46 57

East North Central ............................................. 10 8 12 6 47 57

West North Central ............................................ 9 6 12 6 45 58

West ...................................................................... 11 6 12 12 42 55

Mountain ............................................................ 11 8 12 8 45 58

Pacific ................................................................ 11 5 12 13 41 53

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care center, or a baby

sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.0 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.8 1.9

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.7 1.7 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.0 0.9 1.3 0.6 2.4 2.5

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.2 0.9 1.6 2.7 2.0 1.5

Service ................................................................... 1.1 0.5 1.4 0.9 1.7 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.3 0.6 0.8 1.3 3.2 4.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.1 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.3 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.3 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.8 2.0 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.8 2.0 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.9 1.6

Production ......................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.6 2.7 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.7 2.3 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.4 1.2 0.5 1.3 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.0 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.5 1.3 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.9 0.6 1.6 0.8 1.8 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.6 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.5 2.0 1.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.1 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 0.6 1.3 0.7 2.7 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.7 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 0.9 0.4 0.5 2.0 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 1.0 2.0 1.1 4.1 3.0

Hospitals .................................................... 2.6 0.9 1.4 2.7 2.2 0.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

Characteristics Childcare2 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.9 2.0 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.3 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.8 2.0 0.6 1.9 1.2

New England ..................................................... 1.2 2.5 1.4 1.7 2.2 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 0.7 2.8 0.7 2.4 1.2

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.7 2.4 2.2

East South Central ............................................ 0.5 1.4 2.4 0.5 2.4 3.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 0.9 1.7 0.6 2.2 2.5

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.4 2.8 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 0.4 1.1 0.4 3.6 2.8

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 0.9 2.2 0.9 3.9 3.0

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 1.5 1.0 2.3 1.0 2.6 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.9 2.2

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care center, or a baby

sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repayment

Flexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

All workers ............................................................. 33 16 43 46 21 22 4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 25 61 66 31 30 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 54 23 67 69 24 34 7

Professional and related .................................... 44 26 59 65 34 28 6

Teachers ........................................................ 37 34 56 63 53 24 6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 38 37 55 64 55 21 6

Registered nurses ......................................... 46 34 75 78 35 32 10

Service ................................................................... 16 10 24 27 15 12 3

Protective service .............................................. 24 23 43 54 41 20 1

Sales and office ..................................................... 36 13 42 45 17 24 2

Sales and related ............................................... 31 6 31 33 9 23 2

Office and administrative support ...................... 40 17 48 52 21 24 3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 24 11 28 31 16 13 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 19 9 19 22 14 10 1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 30 13 37 41 19 17 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 26 14 43 45 21 21 2

Production ......................................................... 28 16 44 46 20 26 3

Transportation and material moving .................. 24 11 42 43 21 16 1

Full time ................................................................. 39 19 51 55 24 25 4

Part time ................................................................ 12 4 18 18 11 13 2

Union ..................................................................... 30 20 59 66 45 27 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 33 15 40 43 17 21 4

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 7 20 21 12 14 2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 9 6 13 13 7 7 2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 30 13 40 44 18 18 3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 39 20 52 57 25 25 3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 49 25 65 70 33 32 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 54 24 68 75 32 35 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 33 16 41 45 14 25 3

Service-providing industries .................................. 32 16 43 47 23 21 4

Education and health services ........................... 33 24 51 57 34 21 5

Educational services ...................................... 39 34 59 66 55 24 5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 35 36 54 62 54 21 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 51 35 80 85 65 36 7

Health care and social assistance ................. 29 18 46 52 22 20 5

Hospitals .................................................... 48 35 80 86 33 39 8

Public administration ......................................... 35 35 65 70 65 30 4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repayment

Flexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 21 9 25 28 13 11 3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 19 7 21 23 10 9 2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 14 37 43 21 17 4

100 workers or more .............................................. 44 23 61 64 29 32 5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 39 17 51 53 22 30 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 48 29 71 77 38 35 6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 26 11 42 48 24 21 4

New England ..................................................... 30 12 50 53 24 25 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 25 11 40 46 24 20 3

South ..................................................................... 32 20 41 44 20 23 4

South Atlantic .................................................... 31 19 42 45 20 23 4

East South Central ............................................ 31 22 39 40 23 24 6

West South Central ........................................... 34 22 42 45 19 21 4

Midwest ................................................................. 36 17 45 48 21 23 3

East North Central ............................................. 36 17 46 48 23 24 3

West North Central ............................................ 37 16 45 47 17 22 3

West ...................................................................... 35 12 43 46 20 20 3

Mountain ............................................................ 37 15 45 47 21 21 3

Pacific ................................................................ 34 11 42 46 20 19 3

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 3 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 4 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement

plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repaymentFlexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.5 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.3 0.6

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.0 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.4 2.1

Service ................................................................... 1.2 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.8 2.8 2.1 0.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.4 0.7 1.0 0.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.8 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.6 0.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 1.2 2.4 2.4 1.2 1.5 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.2 0.4

Production ......................................................... 1.7 1.4 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.0 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 1.4 2.4 2.6 1.5 1.2 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 0.9 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.8 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.6 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.6 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.2 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.4 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.8 3.3 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 1.8 3.2 3.2 2.0 2.2 0.7

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.2 2.7 2.3 1.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution4

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repaymentFlexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account2

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.7 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.7

New England ..................................................... 1.9 1.0 1.8 2.3 1.9 3.0 2.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.5 0.5

South ..................................................................... 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.0 1.6 2.2 0.9 1.9 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 3.0 3.5 2.2 2.3 3.4 2.6 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.1 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.6 0.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.0 1.7 1.9 0.9 1.8 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.0 2.2 2.5 1.2 2.5 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 2.3 2.6 3.1 0.8 1.6 0.7

West ...................................................................... 1.6 0.9 1.6 1.7 0.7 0.8 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.7 1.7 3.1 3.1 0.9 1.5 0.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 1.1 1.9 2.1 0.9 0.9 0.6

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 3 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 4 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement

plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 16 21 19

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 27 33 30

Management, business, and financial ............... 32 30 28

Professional and related .................................... 25 34 31

Teachers ........................................................ 27 58 53

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 23 62 55

Registered nurses ......................................... 27 26 22

Service ................................................................... 9 10 9

Protective service .............................................. 18 43 41

Sales and office ..................................................... 15 18 17

Sales and related ............................................... 9 9 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 18 23 22

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9 15 15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 13 14

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 13 17 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 19 17

Production ......................................................... 12 14 13

Transportation and material moving .................. 10 23 21

Full time ................................................................. 20 25 23

Part time ................................................................ 6 6 6

Union ..................................................................... 24 54 52

Nonunion ............................................................... 15 15 14

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6 5 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3 2 2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 13 16 15

Third 25 percent ................................................ 20 26 24

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 29 38 35

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 33 38 35

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 11 16 14

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 21 20

Education and health services ........................... 22 29 26

Educational services ...................................... 29 59 53

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 22 60 53

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 50 68 65

Health care and social assistance ................. 17 12 10

Hospitals .................................................... 29 27 23

Public administration ......................................... 28 72 70

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, civilian workers,1 March

2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 8 8 8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 6 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 11 13 13

100 workers or more .............................................. 25 33 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 17 20 18

500 workers or more .......................................... 33 47 43

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 16 24 23

New England ..................................................... 16 23 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 16 24 24

South ..................................................................... 17 22 19

South Atlantic .................................................... 18 19 17

East South Central ............................................ 18 23 19

West South Central ........................................... 16 25 23

Midwest ................................................................. 15 20 18

East North Central ............................................. 15 20 19

West North Central ............................................ 14 19 16

West ...................................................................... 17 17 16

Mountain ............................................................ 20 17 16

Pacific ................................................................ 16 17 16

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 3 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.3 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.2 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.9 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.6 2.2 2.2

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.6 2.6 2.3

Service ................................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.6

Protective service .............................................. 1.8 3.0 3.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 0.7 0.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 1.1 0.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.0 1.6 1.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.5 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 1.4 1.3

Production ......................................................... 1.2 1.5 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.1 2.2 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.4 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.7 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.3 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.7 0.3 0.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.8 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 1.4 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.2 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.7 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.9 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.1 0.9 1.1

Hospitals .................................................... 2.1 2.7 2.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.5 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance2

Retiree healthcare

benefits3

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.4 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 0.9 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.9 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.8 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.4 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.3 1.9 2.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.7 1.0

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.0 0.9

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 2.4 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 2.1 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.0 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 1.6 1.5

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 1.5 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 1.0 1.1

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of

Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further

explanation. 2 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 3 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses2

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus3

All workers ............................................................. 40 6 3 10 5 6 2 5 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 46 6 5 11 3 9 2 6 13

Management, business, and financial ............... 58 9 7 17 4 7 2 9 17

Professional and related .................................... 41 5 4 9 3 10 3 5 12

Teachers ........................................................ 30 – 2 1 1 17 4 – 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 33 – 2 1 – 20 5 – 12

Registered nurses ......................................... 42 – 6 3 – 9 2 11 15

Service ................................................................... 26 1 2 7 5 5 2 4 5

Protective service .............................................. 42 1 5 4 2 15 9 – 12

Sales and office ..................................................... 42 9 3 9 7 5 2 6 8

Sales and related ............................................... 35 13 1 7 6 2 1 5 5

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 7 4 11 7 7 2 6 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 43 6 1 14 11 4 1 3 8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 42 6 1 15 12 3 1 1 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 6 2 13 10 5 1 6 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 41 7 1 9 6 4 1 5 15

Production ......................................................... 48 11 1 13 8 4 1 5 16

Transportation and material moving .................. 35 4 1 6 5 5 1 5 14

Full time ................................................................. 45 7 4 11 6 7 2 6 12

Part time ................................................................ 22 4 1 5 4 2 1 3 3

Union ..................................................................... 40 5 3 2 1 20 5 2 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 40 6 3 11 6 4 1 6 9

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 26 5 1 6 5 2 1 4 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 1 1 6 4 – – 3 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 41 5 2 11 8 4 2 5 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 7 4 11 6 8 2 5 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 50 8 6 12 3 11 2 7 14

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 55 9 7 14 3 13 2 8 16

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 50 10 1 17 8 4 1 4 15

Service-providing industries .................................. 38 5 3 9 5 6 2 5 9

Education and health services ........................... 32 1 3 5 4 10 3 4 9

Educational services ...................................... 28 – 2 1 1 16 4 5 () 8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 30 – 2 1 – 19 5 – 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 26 – 5 – – 13 4 1 4

Health care and social assistance ................. 35 1 3 7 6 6 2 7 10

Hospitals .................................................... 38 1 6 4 2 9 2 9 15

Public administration ......................................... 46 – 6 2 1 23 10 – 14

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses2

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 37 3 2 13 8 4 1 4 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 3 2 14 8 4 1 3 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 39 3 2 10 8 5 2 7 9

100 workers or more .............................................. 42 9 4 7 3 8 2 6 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 43 10 3 7 4 6 2 7 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 42 7 5 7 1 10 3 6 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 41 4 3 11 4 11 2 5 10

New England ..................................................... 41 3 – 14 4 8 2 5 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 41 4 3 10 4 12 1 5 10

South ..................................................................... 42 7 3 11 8 3 2 5 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 44 6 4 11 9 4 2 6 12

East South Central ............................................ 39 8 2 8 9 2 3 3 11

West South Central ........................................... 39 7 2 12 6 2 2 3 9

Midwest ................................................................. 40 7 2 8 5 6 2 7 12

East North Central ............................................. 41 7 3 8 5 7 2 7 13

West North Central ............................................ 38 7 2 7 5 4 2 8 9

West ...................................................................... 35 5 4 8 4 7 1 4 8

Mountain ............................................................ 35 6 3 9 6 2 1 4 10

Pacific ................................................................ 34 5 4 7 3 9 1 4 7

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for

further explanation. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 3 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 5 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 – 0.4 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.4 – 1.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 – 0.5 0.4 – 1.8 0.7 – 1.4

Registered nurses ......................................... 4.1 – 1.2 1.2 – 2.2 0.6 2.1 2.9

Service ................................................................... 1.6 0.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 2.5 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.7 1.1 2.1 – 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 1.3 0.3 1.7 2.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 0.5 0.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.3 1.0 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.7 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.8 – – 0.5 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 0.1 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 – 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 – 0.3 0.3 – 1.5 0.7 – 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 – 0.5 – – 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 0.2 0.5 1.6 1.1 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.4

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.4 1.4 0.6 1.3 2.7

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 – 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.2 – 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6

New England ..................................................... 4.1 0.3 – 3.1 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 1.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.6 0.6 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 1.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 0.7 0.6 1.6 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.7 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.8 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 1.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.3 1.5 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.8 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 0.7 0.7 1.3 2.2 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.0

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for

further explanation. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, civilian workers,2

March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 16 16 44 41

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 27 26 58 54

Management, business, and financial ............... 23 24 66 61

Professional and related .................................... 29 28 55 50

Teachers ........................................................ 48 47 46 42

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 56 55 48 45

Registered nurses ......................................... 24 23 54 51

Service ................................................................... 10 9 26 26

Protective service .............................................. 33 33 41 38

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 13 45 42

Sales and related ............................................... 6 5 35 33

Office and administrative support ...................... 18 17 51 48

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 11 39 36

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 11 10 36 35

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 13 12 42 37

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 11 11 39 35

Production ......................................................... 8 5 36 32

Transportation and material moving .................. 15 15 41 38

Full time ................................................................. 19 19 51 47

Part time ................................................................ 7 7 19 18

Union ..................................................................... 48 44 66 59

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 11 40 38

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 5 21 21

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 2 14 14

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 11 42 40

Third 25 percent ................................................ 19 19 51 47

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 32 31 65 59

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 33 31 74 66

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 8 42 40

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 17 44 41

Education and health services ........................... 27 26 46 44

Educational services ...................................... 49 48 48 43

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 56 55 46 42

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 42 42 57 50

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 12 45 44

Hospitals .................................................... 28 27 61 56

Public administration ......................................... 55 55 51 46

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, civilian workers,2

March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 7 31 30

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 5 26 25

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 14 13 43 43

100 workers or more .............................................. 25 24 56 51

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 17 16 50 47

500 workers or more .......................................... 34 33 63 56

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 21 21 50 47

New England ..................................................... 15 15 47 44

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 23 23 51 48

South ..................................................................... 15 15 34 32

South Atlantic .................................................... 13 13 34 31

East South Central ............................................ 15 14 31 29

West South Central ........................................... 17 18 37 36

Midwest ................................................................. 11 10 36 31

East North Central ............................................. 11 9 37 31

West North Central ............................................ 12 11 32 31

West ...................................................................... 20 20 61 59

Mountain ............................................................ 17 17 53 49

Pacific ................................................................ 21 21 64 63

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

civilian workers,2 March 2020

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 1.4 1.3 2.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2

Teachers ........................................................ 2.2 2.3 1.8 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.7 2.8 1.9 1.8

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.3

Service ................................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 1.0 1.9 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 1.3 2.5 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.6 1.8 1.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.5 2.2 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 1.4 2.3 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

civilian workers,2 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.5 1.1 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 1.0 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.8 1.6 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3

New England ..................................................... 2.3 2.3 3.2 3.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.5

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.8 2.0 2.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.7 0.8 3.4 3.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.8 1.7 2.6 2.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 1.3 1.8 1.6

West ...................................................................... 0.9 1.0 1.7 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.3 2.3 2.0

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National

Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 63 9 7 21 58 14 1 27

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 82 5 4 8 78 10 1 11

Management, business, and financial ............... 87 7 1 4 83 11 2 () 5

Professional and related .................................... 80 5 5 10 76 9 1 14

Teachers ........................................................ 85 1 3 10 77 10 1 13

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 96 – – 2 84 12 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 86 3 4 7 83 – – 9

Service ................................................................... 38 12 8 42 33 17 1 49

Protective service .............................................. 73 7 7 12 63 – – 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 7 13 18 54 14 2 29

Sales and related ............................................... 46 7 24 23 37 16 3 44

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 7 7 15 65 13 2 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 15 4 21 55 20 1 24

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 55 18 5 23 47 25 2 ( ) 27

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 67 11 2 20 64 – – 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 66 11 5 18 63 14 1 22

Production ......................................................... 70 11 3 17 68 13 1 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 62 11 6 20 59 14 1 26

Full time ................................................................. 77 10 3 10 73 14 1 12

Part time ................................................................ 18 5 22 55 11 11 3 74

Union ..................................................................... 92 3 2 2 85 11 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 59 10 8 24 54 14 1 30

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30 11 15 44 26 15 2 57

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 16 11 16 57 13 14 1 71

Second 25 percent ............................................ 63 10 6 20 57 17 1 25

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 9 4 8 75 14 1 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 5 2 5 84 9 1 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 5 2 3 87 7 1 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 73 12 3 12 69 17 1 14

Service-providing industries .................................. 62 8 8 22 57 13 1 29

Education and health services ........................... 71 7 7 15 66 12 2 20

Educational services ...................................... 84 2 4 10 77 10 1 13

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 87 2 4 8 77 11 1 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 1 3 8 85 4 1 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 10 8 18 60 13 2 24

Hospitals .................................................... 90 1 4 5 87 – – 7

Public administration ......................................... 90 1 2 8 84 7 1 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 24 48 1 27 53 19 7 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 38 50 1 11 68 20 3 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 33 62 2 ( ) 5 81 13 1 4

Professional and related .................................... 41 44 1 14 63 23 4 11

Teachers ........................................................ 73 14 2 11 40 46 1 12

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 89 7 – – 35 62 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 42 47 – – 77 12 3 7

Service ................................................................... 14 36 1 49 29 21 8 43

Protective service .............................................. 55 25 2 18 40 41 7 13

Sales and office ..................................................... 18 50 1 30 55 14 13 18

Sales and related ............................................... 8 45 1 45 44 9 24 23

Office and administrative support ...................... 25 53 1 21 62 16 7 15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 22 53 2 ( ) 25 51 24 3 21

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 25 48 2 ( ) 27 43 30 4 23

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 58 – 22 60 18 2 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 20 57 1 22 58 19 4 19

Production ......................................................... – 63 – 19 67 14 3 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 22 51 1 25 50 23 6 21

Full time ................................................................. 30 58 2 ( ) 12 66 22 3 10

Part time ................................................................ 7 16 3 74 14 9 20 57

Union ..................................................................... 77 18 2 3 47 48 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 53 1 31 54 14 8 24

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6 35 2 57 27 14 15 44

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 25 1 72 15 13 16 57

Second 25 percent ............................................ 18 56 1 25 55 18 5 21

Third 25 percent ................................................ 31 57 2 ( ) 11 67 21 3 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 46 47 1 6 71 22 2 5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 44 50 1 5 78 17 1 4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 20 65 2 ( ) 14 70 16 3 12

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 45 1 29 51 19 7 23

Education and health services ........................... 38 40 2 20 51 27 5 16

Educational services ...................................... 71 16 3 11 40 46 2 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 82 6 3 8 29 59 1 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 57 32 2 9 67 22 1 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 18 55 1 25 58 16 8 19

Hospitals .................................................... 45 46 2 7 80 11 3 6

Public administration ......................................... 86 5 1 8 36 54 1 9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 45 12 10 32 41 17 2 41

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 40 12 10 38 35 17 2 47

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 63 14 9 15 59 18 1 22

100 workers or more .............................................. 81 5 5 9 76 11 1 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 75 7 7 12 69 13 1 17

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 4 2 7 83 8 1 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 62 9 8 21 57 15 1 27

New England ..................................................... 65 10 7 18 64 – – 24

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 61 9 8 22 54 16 1 28

South ..................................................................... 61 9 7 23 57 13 1 28

South Atlantic .................................................... 63 8 7 22 57 14 1 28

East South Central ............................................ 59 10 9 22 56 14 3 28

West South Central ........................................... 60 10 6 23 58 13 1 29

Midwest ................................................................. 65 8 8 19 61 12 2 26

East North Central ............................................. 65 8 9 19 62 11 2 26

West North Central ............................................ 66 7 7 20 59 14 1 26

West ...................................................................... 66 9 6 19 60 16 1 24

Mountain ............................................................ 67 8 7 18 63 12 1 25

Pacific ................................................................ 65 10 5 19 58 18 1 23

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 47 1 42 40 17 10 33

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 43 1 48 36 15 10 38

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 20 57 1 23 53 24 8 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 37 49 1 12 66 20 4 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 23 59 2 16 64 18 6 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 52 39 1 8 69 22 2 7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 28 43 2 27 51 21 7 22

New England ..................................................... 27 48 1 24 53 21 7 19

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 29 41 2 28 50 21 7 23

South ..................................................................... 23 47 1 29 53 18 7 23

South Atlantic .................................................... 23 48 1 29 57 14 7 22

East South Central ............................................ – 45 – 30 50 19 8 23

West South Central ........................................... 23 48 1 29 47 23 6 24

Midwest ................................................................. 23 49 1 26 57 16 8 20

East North Central ............................................. 25 48 1 26 57 15 8 19

West North Central ............................................ 21 52 1 26 56 17 6 21

West ...................................................................... 23 52 1 24 54 22 5 19

Mountain ............................................................ – 52 – 24 55 19 6 20

Pacific ................................................................ 24 52 1 24 53 23 5 19

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Less than 0.5. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.1 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.1 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.3 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.1 0.1 1.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.6 – – 0.7 1.6 1.5 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 1.9 0.9 1.2 1.4 2.2 – – 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.4 1.6 0.2 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 3.6 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.6 – – 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.5 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.6 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.2 0.2 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 2.8 1.1 2.2 2.4 2.2 0.2 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 1.3 0.6 2.2 2.1 – – 2.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.2 1.3

Production ......................................................... 2.2 1.3 0.5 1.9 2.3 1.3 0.3 1.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 1.1 0.7 1.6 1.9 1.0 0.3 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.4 0.4 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 0.3 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 2.3 1.4 2.7 1.8 2.5 0.3 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.3 0.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.1 0.4 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.2 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.1 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 1.5 1.1 1.4 2.0 1.4 0.4 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.4 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.2 2.4 1.7 2.1 3.0 2.1 0.6 2.0

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.5 – – 1.1

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 1.6 0.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.6 0.2 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.6 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 1.4 – – 1.6 1.5 – –

Registered nurses ......................................... 3.0 3.2 – – 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.4

Service ................................................................... 0.7 1.5 0.3 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 4.1 3.3 0.6 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.3 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 1.3 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 1.0 0.2 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.8 0.1 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.7 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.6 0.1 2.3 2.4 2.9 1.1 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 2.1 – 2.2 2.2 1.7 0.6 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 1.7 0.2 1.3 1.6 1.1 0.5 1.2

Production ......................................................... – 1.9 – 1.9 2.3 1.4 0.5 1.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.2 2.2 0.3 1.9 1.9 1.7 0.7 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 1.4 0.3 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.4 0.2 0.4 1.5 1.4 0.2 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 1.1 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.2 2.5 0.3 2.5 1.6 2.3 1.4 2.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 0.7 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.8 0.2 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.3 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 2.0 0.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 0.4 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.3 2.3 1.8 1.0 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.4 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 1.2 0.7 1.1 2.0 1.7 0.5 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 2.1 0.6 2.0 3.6 2.9 1.6 2.1

Hospitals .................................................... 3.7 3.4 0.8 1.1 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.2 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.7 2.1 1.7 0.3 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 0.8 0.4 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.2 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.7 1.4 1.3 0.2 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 1.5 0.7 1.2 2.0 1.3 0.4 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.8 1.2 1.6 2.5 2.6 – – 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.0 2.0 0.9 1.3 2.7 1.8 0.4 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.2 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.7 1.1 1.7 2.1 1.4 0.2 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 1.7 2.6 1.0 2.6 2.5 1.1 0.7 3.3

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 2.1 1.3 1.7 2.8 1.8 0.2 2.3

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.7 1.5 0.3 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.9 1.7 0.5 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 1.6 0.9 2.5 3.6 2.9 0.2 2.8

West ...................................................................... 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.2 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.6 0.8 0.4 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.6 1.3 0.2 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 1.2 0.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 1.4 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 2.1 0.2 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.4 0.2 1.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.7 1.7 1.4 0.3 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.3 0.2 1.2 2.1 2.0 0.7 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.3 2.4 0.4 2.3 2.6 1.2 1.5 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.7 0.2 1.4 2.7 2.6 0.9 1.3

South ..................................................................... 0.9 1.2 0.1 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 1.5 0.1 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.1 1.7

East South Central ............................................ – 3.3 – 3.6 2.0 3.8 1.2 2.4

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 2.2 0.1 2.2 2.9 2.0 1.4 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 1.3 0.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.3 0.4 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.0 1.3

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 3.3 0.2 2.7 2.4 1.4 0.8 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.6 0.4 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.7 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ – 3.3 – 1.0 3.0 2.2 1.2 1.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.8 0.2 1.2 1.9 1.4 0.8 0.8

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

All workers ............................................................. 42 45 68 72 80 86 85

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 53 63 77 77 94 95 92

Management, business, and financial ............... 65 66 94 94 96 98 97

Professional and related .................................... 48 62 70 69 93 94 90

Teachers ........................................................ 11 64 17 14 92 92 78

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10 79 15 10 99 99 87

Registered nurses ......................................... 70 73 89 89 96 96 95

Service ................................................................... 26 27 53 52 64 71 69

Protective service .............................................. 40 40 78 79 86 91 87

Sales and office ..................................................... 49 47 74 78 80 86 88

Sales and related ............................................... 40 38 59 64 69 77 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 54 53 82 85 87 92 92

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 35 33 65 76 74 86 87

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 26 24 53 63 65 80 80

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 45 42 79 89 84 93 94

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 39 37 68 82 77 90 90

Production ......................................................... 40 36 70 88 77 93 94

Transportation and material moving .................. 39 38 67 76 77 87 86

Full time ................................................................. 50 54 80 84 89 95 94

Part time ................................................................ 17 17 30 32 49 57 56

Union ..................................................................... 48 61 72 73 95 96 92

Nonunion ............................................................... 42 42 68 72 78 84 84

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 23 23 43 48 55 66 67

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 12 12 26 31 35 48 53

Second 25 percent ............................................ 45 45 75 78 84 90 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 53 54 84 88 91 96 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 54 64 78 79 95 97 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 56 63 81 81 96 97 93

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 39 37 71 86 79 92 93

Service-providing industries .................................. 43 46 68 69 80 85 84

Education and health services ........................... 44 58 67 65 88 90 88

Educational services ...................................... 23 61 40 36 92 92 83

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 18 72 26 22 94 94 84

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 37 44 69 69 93 93 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 56 56 83 83 86 89 91

Hospitals .................................................... 71 71 93 93 96 96 95

Public administration ......................................... 53 53 90 90 93 93 92

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 35 60 64 71 79 80

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 31 32 58 63 68 77 77

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 41 45 65 68 79 86 87

100 workers or more .............................................. 51 55 77 79 89 92 91

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 49 51 75 78 86 91 90

500 workers or more .......................................... 53 59 79 81 92 94 92

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 50 53 69 71 84 88 86

New England ..................................................... 49 53 69 71 85 89 85

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 50 52 69 71 84 88 86

South ..................................................................... 40 43 65 71 74 82 85

South Atlantic .................................................... 40 42 66 71 74 82 84

East South Central ............................................ 39 41 61 73 72 83 86

West South Central ........................................... 41 45 65 70 76 83 84

Midwest ................................................................. 45 47 66 71 76 84 85

East North Central ............................................. 46 47 66 72 76 83 84

West North Central ............................................ 43 47 66 71 76 85 86

West ...................................................................... 38 40 75 75 89 92 86

Mountain ............................................................ 45 48 71 73 78 83 87

Pacific ................................................................ 35 37 77 75 94 96 86

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 1.2 2.4 2.2 0.4 0.4 1.0

Registered nurses ......................................... 2.9 2.6 1.6 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.6 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 2.4 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.0

Production ......................................................... 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.4 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.1 2.5 2.1

Hospitals .................................................... 2.7 2.7 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 2.2 2.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, civilian workers,1 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave2

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation2

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.0

New England ..................................................... 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.4 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.5 2.8 3.7 3.6 4.2 3.1 3.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.4 1.3 1.0 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 1.7 2.8 2.2 2.6 2.2 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.7 0.7 0.4 1.5

1 Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods:National Compensation Measures at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation. 2 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 1. Establishments offering retirement and healthcare benefits: private

industry workers, March 2020

(All establishments = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

All establishments .................................................. 50 10 45 55

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 44 8 42 53

Construction ...................................................... 40 10 38 47

Manufacturing .................................................... 49 5 49 63

Service-providing industries .................................. 50 10 46 55

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 55 6 55 65

Wholesale trade ............................................. 73 7 73 87

Retail trade .................................................... 46 4 46 52

Transportation and warehousing ................... 57 5 56 72

Utilities ........................................................... 92 62 92 100

Information ......................................................... 48 – 48 58

Financial activities ............................................. 59 23 58 63

Finance and insurance .................................. 73 35 72 76

Credit intermediation and related activities 87 45 87 98

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 54 23 52 51

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 38 – 38 44

Professional and business services .................. 46 2 46 55

Professional and technical services .............. 54 – 54 63

Administrative and waste services ................ 29 – 28 36

Education and health services ........................... 63 – 45 55

Educational services ...................................... 49 – 46 60

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 94 – 93 93

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 – 45 54

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 27 1 27 40

Accommodation and food services ................ 27 – 27 38

Other services ................................................... 30 – 25 38

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 48 9 43 53

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 46 9 42 52

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 10 76 87

100 workers or more .............................................. 90 21 88 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 88 20 87 96

500 workers or more .......................................... 94 – 94 97

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Establishments offering retirement and healthcare benefits: private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All establishments = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 43 8 42 54

New England ..................................................... 49 – 49 61

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 41 8 40 52

South ..................................................................... 47 – 40 52

South Atlantic .................................................... 57 – 46 59

East South Central ............................................ 34 5 34 43

West South Central ........................................... 35 – 33 43

Midwest ................................................................. 59 8 59 61

East North Central ............................................. 55 6 55 56

West North Central ............................................ 67 – 66 69

West ...................................................................... 52 – 45 55

Mountain ............................................................ 57 – 40 45

Pacific ................................................................ 50 – 48 61

1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. The total is less than the sum of the

individual items because some employers offered both types of plans.

Note: Dash indicates no establishments in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 1. Standard errors for establishments offering retirement and healthcare

benefits: private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

All establishments .................................................. 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.2 1.4 3.2 3.7

Construction ...................................................... 4.1 2.0 4.0 3.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 5.0 1.1 4.9 5.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.5 2.7 2.6 3.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.6 0.9 2.6 2.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5.1 1.6 5.1 3.3

Retail trade .................................................... 3.1 0.8 3.1 2.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6.9 1.2 6.8 6.7

Utilities ........................................................... 8.3 17.6 8.3 0.0

Information ......................................................... 9.1 – 9.1 9.5

Financial activities ............................................. 4.4 2.3 4.3 3.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.9

Credit intermediation and related activities 5.8 3.2 5.8 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 6.9 6.4 6.8 7.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 7.3 – 7.3 6.7

Professional and business services .................. 5.2 0.6 5.2 7.0

Professional and technical services .............. 6.0 – 6.0 7.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 6.3 – 6.3 6.7

Education and health services ........................... 7.3 – 8.0 9.8

Educational services ...................................... 8.3 – 7.3 8.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 6.1 – 6.2 6.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 7.7 – 8.6 10.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.3 0.3 4.3 4.7

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.8 – 4.8 5.3

Other services ................................................... 6.9 – 6.1 8.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 1.2 3.2 3.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 2.1 1.5 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.5 – 2.7 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 1. Standard errors for establishments offering retirement and healthcare

benefits: private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Retirement benefits

Healthcare

benefits All plans1 Defined

benefit

Defined

contribution

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.8 1.0 3.8 5.9

New England ..................................................... 11.4 – 11.4 11.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.7 1.3 3.6 7.1

South ..................................................................... 4.4 – 4.2 5.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 6.7 – 7.4 7.7

East South Central ............................................ 7.4 1.3 7.5 9.7

West South Central ........................................... 4.3 – 4.6 4.8

Midwest ................................................................. 3.2 1.2 3.2 4.1

East North Central ............................................. 4.6 0.3 4.7 6.1

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 – 3.0 4.4

West ...................................................................... 4.5 – 4.6 4.1

Mountain ............................................................ 9.6 – 10.2 8.1

Pacific ................................................................ 4.4 – 4.2 3.6

1 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans.

Note: Dash indicates no establishments in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 67 51 76 15 11 74 64 47 74

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 84 71 85 22 16 72 82 68 83

Management, business, and financial ............... 88 79 89 25 19 78 87 76 87

Professional and related .................................... 82 67 82 21 14 69 80 64 80

Service ................................................................... 41 25 61 6 5 84 37 22 58

Protective service .............................................. 65 48 75 – – – 63 46 73

Sales and office ..................................................... 73 52 71 14 9 63 71 49 70

Sales and related ............................................... 70 42 60 9 5 52 69 40 59

Office and administrative support ...................... 75 59 78 17 11 66 73 56 76

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 48 78 18 17 94 55 41 73

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 56 44 79 20 19 98 48 35 72

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 67 51 77 15 14 89 63 47 74

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 70 54 77 18 14 79 64 47 74

Production ......................................................... 72 58 80 17 13 80 70 54 78

Transportation and material moving .................. 68 49 73 19 15 78 59 40 69

Full time ................................................................. 77 61 80 18 14 76 73 57 78

Part time ................................................................ 39 20 52 7 5 64 36 17 49

Union ..................................................................... 91 82 89 64 54 85 61 51 83

Nonunion ............................................................... 65 48 74 11 8 69 64 47 73

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 42 22 52 4 2 59 41 21 51

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 29 14 48 1 1 59 29 14 47

Second 25 percent ............................................ 67 48 72 12 8 71 62 44 71

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 64 81 18 14 76 75 59 78

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 78 89 31 24 77 84 72 86

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 81 90 32 24 74 88 78 88

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 76 62 81 20 16 84 73 57 79

Construction ...................................................... 59 46 78 15 15 99 52 38 73

Manufacturing .................................................... 84 70 83 22 17 77 83 67 81

Service-providing industries .................................. 65 49 75 14 10 72 62 45 72

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 76 51 67 16 11 72 69 44 64

Wholesale trade ............................................. 80 65 81 9 6 70 79 62 79

Retail trade .................................................... 72 40 56 10 6 58 67 36 53

Transportation and warehousing ................... 79 63 79 31 25 79 64 47 74

Utilities ........................................................... 94 92 97 70 65 93 93 81 87

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 76 71 94 23 20 87 76 69 91

Financial activities ............................................. 84 75 90 37 26 69 84 73 87

Finance and insurance .................................. 93 85 92 48 33 69 92 82 89

Credit intermediation and related activities 95 86 91 50 32 63 94 84 89

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 90 83 91 46 37 81 90 79 88

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 59 48 80 8 6 81 59 46 79

Professional and business services .................. 65 54 83 12 8 67 64 52 81

Professional and technical services .............. 82 69 84 12 7 61 82 68 83

Administrative and waste services ................ 38 27 71 4 3 69 36 25 70

Education and health services ........................... 70 54 77 15 11 72 66 49 74

Educational services ...................................... 70 61 87 16 13 83 65 55 86

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 82 92 17 13 75 88 80 92

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 53 75 15 11 71 67 48 73

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 33 16 49 2 2 96 32 15 46

Accommodation and food services ................ 33 15 44 2 2 95 31 13 41

Other services ................................................... 46 32 71 6 5 85 44 30 68

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 53 37 69 7 5 79 51 35 67

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 49 34 69 6 4 79 47 32 68

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 69 46 68 10 8 79 66 43 65

100 workers or more .............................................. 83 67 81 25 18 73 78 61 78

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 80 60 76 15 12 76 76 56 74

500 workers or more .......................................... 88 77 88 39 28 72 82 69 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 66 54 81 21 16 79 62 48 78

New England ..................................................... 70 56 79 20 16 76 66 51 78

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 65 53 82 21 17 79 60 47 78

South ..................................................................... 64 45 71 12 9 71 63 43 69

South Atlantic .................................................... 67 47 71 13 9 66 65 44 69

East South Central ............................................ 62 42 68 12 9 75 62 41 66

West South Central ........................................... 60 44 72 10 8 80 59 42 71

Midwest ................................................................. 71 55 77 16 12 77 68 51 76

East North Central ............................................. 71 56 78 18 14 78 68 52 76

West North Central ............................................ 70 52 75 11 8 73 68 50 74

West ...................................................................... 69 53 77 15 10 71 64 48 75

Mountain ............................................................ 72 55 77 15 10 66 66 50 75

Pacific ................................................................ 68 52 78 14 11 73 63 47 75

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2020

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.9 1.1 1.3 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.4 1.3 2.5 1.2 1.3 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 2.7 1.5 1.6 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.4 2.4 0.7 0.6 3.1 2.0 1.3 2.4

Protective service .............................................. 5.3 4.6 5.4 – – – 5.1 4.9 5.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.7

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.4 1.4 0.7 0.4 3.3 1.8 1.5 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.7 2.1 1.2 1.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.4 0.9 3.1 2.2 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.5 1.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.9

Production ......................................................... 2.3 1.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.9 2.4 1.8 0.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 2.1 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.6 1.9 1.8 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 0.9 1.7 0.6 0.5 2.9 1.5 0.9 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.2 0.9 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.5 2.2 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 1.8 1.0 0.8 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.0 1.6 0.3 0.2 3.3 1.6 1.0 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 1.4 3.0 0.3 0.2 9.1 2.5 1.3 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 2.5 1.6 1.3 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.9 1.1 1.1 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.0 2.0 0.9 2.7 1.8 2.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 1.5 1.1 0.9 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.6 2.7 1.5 1.5 1.1 4.0 2.6 2.8 1.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.6 2.6 1.1 1.1 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.2 3.2 1.9 3.9 3.0 2.4 3.8 3.3 2.1

Utilities ........................................................... 4.2 3.8 0.7 4.9 4.6 1.5 4.4 3.7 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 3.2 3.1 0.8 2.8 2.5 2.3 3.2 3.0 1.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.9 1.4 1.9 1.0 0.9 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.2 1.1 0.7 2.6 2.0 3.0 1.3 1.3 0.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 1.6 1.3 3.0 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.1 4.5 3.5 2.2 1.9 12.1 4.8 4.3 3.5

Professional and business services .................. 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.0 4.2 2.5 2.5 2.1

Professional and technical services .............. 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.0 7.6 2.7 3.1 2.8

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.4 2.7 3.4 1.3 1.1 12.6 3.3 2.5 3.6

Education and health services ........................... 3.1 2.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 4.5 3.6 2.7 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 3.5 3.8 2.5 2.4 2.2 3.2 2.5 2.5 2.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.9 0.8 1.4 1.0 3.6 1.8 1.8 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.5 2.8 1.6 1.9 1.6 5.2 4.1 3.1 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.5 1.8 4.0 0.5 0.5 4.6 2.6 1.8 4.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.7 1.7 4.0 0.6 0.6 5.0 2.8 1.7 4.0

Other services ................................................... 4.4 2.7 3.0 2.1 1.9 7.5 4.4 2.7 3.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.5 0.5 2.6 1.2 0.9 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.6 0.6 2.5 1.3 1.1 1.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.1 0.9 5.9 1.9 1.5 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.8 2.2 1.5 1.4 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.9 0.7 1.7 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.0 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.0 2.2 2.7 2.3 1.5

New England ..................................................... 3.4 4.0 4.3 2.8 2.2 6.1 2.9 3.8 4.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 2.2 3.3 2.5 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.7 2.6 1.8 1.2 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 4.1 2.2 1.6 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 1.5 1.7 1.4 0.7 3.5 2.3 1.7 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 3.9 2.7 1.1 1.5 1.3 2.9 4.0 2.7 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 2.6 1.6 1.8 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 3.1 2.0 2.3 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.5 4.0 2.6 2.9 2.6

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 2.9 1.4 1.5 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.4 2.1 1.8 3.2 2.5 5.0 3.6 2.8 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.7 2.1 1.5 1.2 3.7 1.3 1.7 2.1

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating

in at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, private industry

workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 12 3 52

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 21 1 62

Management, business, and financial ............... 24 1 63

Professional and related .................................... 19 2 61

Service ................................................................... 2 4 35

Protective service .............................................. – – 55

Sales and office ..................................................... 12 2 59

Sales and related ............................................... 7 2 61

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 3 58

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 6 44

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 12 8 37

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 12 4 52

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12 6 52

Production ......................................................... 14 2 56

Transportation and material moving .................. 10 9 48

Full time ................................................................. 15 3 58

Part time ................................................................ 4 4 32

Union ..................................................................... 34 30 27

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 1 54

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2 1 39

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 1 28

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 4 55

Third 25 percent ................................................ 15 4 61

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 27 4 57

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 30 2 58

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 16 3 56

Construction ...................................................... 7 8 44

Manufacturing .................................................... 21 1 63

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 3 51

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 9 6 60

Wholesale trade ............................................. 8 1 71

Retail trade .................................................... 5 5 62

Transportation and warehousing ................... 16 15 48

Utilities ........................................................... 68 – 25

Information ......................................................... 23 – 53

Financial activities ............................................. 37 2 ( ) 47

Finance and insurance .................................. 47 – 45

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

Credit intermediation and related activities 50 – 45

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 45 – 45

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 7 – 52

Professional and business services .................. 11 1 53

Professional and technical services .............. 12 – 70

Administrative and waste services ................ 2 2 34

Education and health services ........................... 11 4 55

Educational services ...................................... 10 5 54

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 15 2 73

Health care and social assistance ................. 11 4 55

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 2 31

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2 31

Other services ................................................... 5 1 39

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 2 46

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 1 43

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 3 58

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 5 58

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 11 4 65

500 workers or more .......................................... 33 6 49

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 16 5 45

New England ..................................................... 17 4 50

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 16 5 44

South ..................................................................... 11 2 52

South Atlantic .................................................... 11 2 53

East South Central ............................................ 12 1 50

West South Central ........................................... 9 – 50

Midwest ................................................................. 13 3 55

East North Central ............................................. 15 3 53

West North Central ............................................ 9 – 58

West ...................................................................... 10 5 54

Mountain ............................................................ 10 5 57

Pacific ................................................................ 10 5 53

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.3 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 0.2 2.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 0.4 1.8

Service ................................................................... 0.4 0.7 1.8

Protective service .............................................. – – 4.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.3 1.7

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.4 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 0.9 1.9

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.6 1.6 2.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.3 0.8 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.8 0.8 1.6

Production ......................................................... 1.0 0.4 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.5 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.3 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 0.4 0.6 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 2.4 2.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 0.3 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.2 0.2 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.7 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.4 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.6 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 0.6 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 0.6 1.8

Construction ...................................................... 1.3 1.5 2.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 0.4 1.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.3 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 0.7 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.4 0.5 2.7

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.8 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.9 2.4 3.8

Utilities ........................................................... 5.2 – 4.3

Information ......................................................... 2.7 – 3.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 0.2 1.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.0 – 2.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.8 – 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.1 – 3.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.0 – 4.9

Professional and business services .................. 1.4 0.4 3.0

Professional and technical services .............. 2.5 – 4.6

Administrative and waste services ................ 0.9 0.8 3.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.2 2.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.9 2.0 2.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 0.5 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 1.3 3.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 0.5 2.6

Accommodation and food services ................ – 0.5 2.9

Other services ................................................... 2.0 0.7 4.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.3 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.0 0.6 2.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 0.5 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.8 0.5 1.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 0.9 2.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.8 1.7

New England ..................................................... 2.9 1.0 2.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 1.1 2.5

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.3 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 0.4 2.1

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 0.2 3.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 – 3.8

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.5 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 0.6 2.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 – 2.8

West ...................................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 2.1 4.2

Pacific ................................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, private

industry workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 57 23 4 16

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 47 26 6 21

Management, business, and financial ............... 48 21 4 26

Professional and related .................................... 46 29 7 18

Service ................................................................... 83 – – 5

Protective service .............................................. 77 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 48 25 4 24

Sales and related ............................................... 46 18 4 32

Office and administrative support ...................... 48 26 4 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 83 12 1 5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 91 6 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 69 21 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 56 29 5 9

Production ......................................................... 36 39 7 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 73 21 4 3

Full time ................................................................. 56 23 – –

Part time ................................................................ 72 21 – –

Union ..................................................................... 76 18 1 5

Nonunion ............................................................... 45 27 6 22

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 67 22 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 65 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 60 20 5 15

Third 25 percent ................................................ 56 26 4 14

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 55 23 4 18

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 49 25 5 20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 52 25 9 13

Construction ...................................................... 97 – – 2

Manufacturing .................................................... 29 39 13 19

Service-providing industries .................................. 59 22 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 67 28 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 65 24 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 68 24 – 8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 68 30 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 60 35 2 3

Information ......................................................... 27 44 – 29

Financial activities ............................................. 38 – – 38

Finance and insurance .................................. 35 – – 39

Credit intermediation and related activities 19 – 2 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 56 28 3 14

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 73 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

Professional and business services .................. 59 12 6 23

Professional and technical services .............. 66 – – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 85 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 68 21 3 8

Educational services ...................................... 61 35 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 51 40 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 69 19 3 9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 98 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 97 – – –

Other services ................................................... 90 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 70 15 3 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 69 14 2 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 73 17 4 6

100 workers or more .............................................. 53 26 5 17

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 58 26 4 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 50 26 5 20

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 61 19 3 17

New England ..................................................... 63 15 1 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 61 20 4 15

South ..................................................................... 51 27 7 16

South Atlantic .................................................... 57 21 5 16

East South Central ............................................ 38 35 17 10

West South Central ........................................... 45 33 4 18

Midwest ................................................................. 52 28 4 17

East North Central ............................................. 51 29 3 16

West North Central ............................................ 55 22 5 19

West ...................................................................... 67 18 3 12

Mountain ............................................................ 61 21 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 69 16 3 12

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.7 1.2 0.6 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.2 2.0 1.0 1.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 4.2 2.4 1.0 2.2

Professional and related .................................... 3.6 2.4 1.4 2.2

Service ................................................................... 5.2 – – 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 14.1 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.6 1.7 0.8 2.5

Sales and related ............................................... 5.5 2.1 1.6 5.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.7 1.9 0.9 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.5 0.4 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.3 1.3 – –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.8 3.1 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.6 3.0 1.3 1.6

Production ......................................................... 3.4 3.6 1.6 2.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 4.7 4.4 1.7 0.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.8 1.3 – –

Part time ................................................................ 4.4 4.4 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 1.9 0.3 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.5 1.6 0.9 1.7

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.8 2.6 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 9.1 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.5 3.1 1.2 2.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 1.9 0.7 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 1.7 0.7 1.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.1 2.4 1.2 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.0 2.4 1.4 1.5

Construction ...................................................... 1.2 – – 0.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.2 2.6 2.0 2.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.0 1.4 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.5 2.2 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 8.3 5.5 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 3.3 2.5 – 2.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.8 4.0 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 5.6 5.5 0.7 1.2

Information ......................................................... 3.6 4.6 – 4.9

Financial activities ............................................. 2.3 – – 2.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.3 – – 2.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.4 – 0.6 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.6 2.6 1.3 2.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 11.2 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

Professional and business services .................. 6.4 3.5 2.6 4.0

Professional and technical services .............. 10.8 – – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 8.6 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 3.8 3.2 1.2 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 5.9 5.5 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.9 3.5 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.2 3.6 1.4 1.8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.4 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.7 – – –

Other services ................................................... 5.2 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.8 1.9 0.7 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.4 2.0 0.8 2.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.3 4.7 1.8 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.1 1.4 0.7 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.3 2.9 1.0 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.6 1.9 0.9 1.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.8 2.5 1.3 1.9

New England ..................................................... 3.0 3.3 0.6 4.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5.2 3.1 1.7 2.2

South ..................................................................... 3.1 2.1 1.2 2.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.2 2.3 1.5 3.1

East South Central ............................................ 9.4 5.2 4.6 2.4

West South Central ........................................... 5.7 4.6 1.8 4.1

Midwest ................................................................. 3.5 2.4 1.0 2.5

East North Central ............................................. 3.9 2.8 1.1 3.0

West North Central ............................................ 7.5 3.7 2.1 3.5

West ...................................................................... 2.8 2.3 0.8 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 6.7 6.1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.0 2.2 0.9 1.7

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 87

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 86

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 81

Professional and related .................................... – – 89

Service ................................................................... – – 89

Protective service .............................................. – – 92

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 85

Sales and related ............................................... – – 97

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 9 91

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 99

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 88

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 90

Production ......................................................... – – 89

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 92

Full time ................................................................. – – 87

Part time ................................................................ – 15 85

Union ..................................................................... – – 91

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 86

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 93

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 90

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 84

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 88

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 86

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 87

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 7 93

Construction ...................................................... – – 100

Manufacturing .................................................... – 7 93

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 85

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 10 90

Wholesale trade ............................................. – – 97

Retail trade .................................................... – – 100

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 15 85

Utilities ........................................................... – 18 82

Information ......................................................... – – 99

Financial activities ............................................. – – 73

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 73

Credit intermediation and related activities – 35 65

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 88

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 100

Professional and business services .................. – – 86

Professional and technical services .............. – – 100

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 100

Education and health services ........................... – – 88

Educational services ...................................... – – 86

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 75

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 88

Other services ................................................... – – 100

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 84

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 18 82

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 89

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 87

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 91

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 86

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 12 88

New England ..................................................... – – 92

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 13 87

South ..................................................................... – – 92

South Atlantic .................................................... – 4 96

East South Central ............................................ – – 95

West South Central ........................................... – – 85

Midwest ................................................................. – – 79

East North Central ............................................. – – 78

West North Central ............................................ – – 82

West ...................................................................... – – 88

Mountain ............................................................ – – 94

Pacific ................................................................ – – 85

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2019 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2015 and 2018 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2015 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 2.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 3.9

Management, business, and financial ............... – – 4.5

Professional and related .................................... – – 3.8

Service ................................................................... – – 3.7

Protective service .............................................. – – 8.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 2.6

Sales and related ............................................... – – 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 3.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 2.6 2.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – – 0.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – – 3.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 3.3

Production ......................................................... – – 4.7

Transportation and material moving .................. – – 3.0

Full time ................................................................. – – 2.6

Part time ................................................................ – 3.4 3.4

Union ..................................................................... – – 3.2

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 3.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 4.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 9.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 3.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 3.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 3.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 2.7 2.7

Construction ...................................................... – – 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... – 2.8 2.8

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 3.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 1.9 1.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. – – 3.2

Retail trade .................................................... – – 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 3.1 3.1

Utilities ........................................................... – 3.9 3.9

Information ......................................................... – – 1.4

Financial activities ............................................. – – 3.8

Finance and insurance .................................. – – 3.9

Credit intermediation and related activities – 5.5 5.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 3.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 0.0

Professional and business services .................. – – 13.7

Professional and technical services .............. – – 0.0

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – – 4.1

Educational services ...................................... – – 5.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 5.2

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 4.9

Other services ................................................... – – 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 2.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 3.1 3.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 4.8

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 2.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 2.6

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 3.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.6 2.6

New England ..................................................... – – 3.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.3 3.3

South ..................................................................... – – 2.2

South Atlantic .................................................... – 1.3 1.3

East South Central ............................................ – – 3.1

West South Central ........................................... – – 6.1

Midwest ................................................................. – – 7.6

East North Central ............................................. – – 9.4

West North Central ............................................ – – 4.8

West ...................................................................... – – 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – 4.3

Pacific ................................................................ – – 2.0

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2019 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2015 and 2018 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2015 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private industry workers, March

2020

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 7 93 11 20 43 30

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5 95 11 19 49 27

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97 7 19 54 26

Professional and related .................................... 5 95 15 18 45 27

Sales and office ..................................................... 11 89 6 13 50 28

Office and administrative support ...................... 8 92 7 15 48 29

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ................................................................. – 100 – 48 5 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6 94 11 29 32 40

Full time ................................................................. 5 95 11 21 45 29

Part time ................................................................ 32 68 8 8 25 38

Union ..................................................................... 5 95 13 35 22 37

Nonunion ............................................................... 7 93 10 16 49 28

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 28 72 – – 47 36

Second 25 percent ............................................ 9 91 6 17 54 28

Third 25 percent ................................................ 7 93 12 23 32 35

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 96 12 21 46 27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2 98 6 22 53 26

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... – 100 68 – – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 8 92 11 16 43 26

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 16 84 19 14 32 29

Retail trade .................................................... 32 68 – – 42 39

Utilities ........................................................... – 100 28 27 19 33

Financial activities ............................................. 4 96 5 14 58 20

Finance and insurance .................................. 3 97 5 14 59 20

Credit intermediation and related activities 4 96 7 6 60 24

Professional and technical services .............. – 100 – – 65 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

No

alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Education and health services:

Educational services ........................................ – 100 – – – 51

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 100 19 – 31 50

Other services ................................................... – 100 – – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 96 8 19 40 32

100 workers or more .............................................. 7 93 11 21 44 29

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 87 10 27 34 28

500 workers or more .......................................... 5 95 12 18 48 30

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 93 – 15 37 34

New England ..................................................... 4 96 – 7 45 39

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 8 92 – 18 35 32

South ..................................................................... 6 94 6 27 44 36

South Atlantic .................................................... 4 96 – 24 43 33

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95 17 20 40 26

East North Central ............................................. 6 94 17 20 39 25

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private

industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

No

alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.8 2.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 2.6 1.7 2.4 2.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.7 3.2 2.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.5 4.1 2.1 3.4 3.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.2 1.9 2.9 3.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.3 3.1 3.0

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ................................................................. – 0.0 – 12.1 2.1 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 2.2 2.9 4.5 5.0 5.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.3

Part time ................................................................ 6.4 6.4 2.1 2.6 4.3 8.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.9 1.9 3.3 3.9 2.4 4.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.3 2.2 2.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 6.4 6.4 – – 5.6 5.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.6 2.6 1.6 4.0 5.2 3.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 1.5 2.2 3.0 2.6 4.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 2.2 1.8 2.3 2.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.0 1.0 1.4 3.1 3.9 3.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries:

 Construction ................................................... – 0.0 18.6 – – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.2 2.1 1.3 2.3 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3.0 3.0 4.1 1.4 6.2 4.9

Retail trade .................................................... 5.6 5.6 – – 5.5 5.6

Utilities ........................................................... – 0.0 5.8 4.1 3.0 7.2

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 1.8 0.8 1.3 3.8 2.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.3 3.8 2.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.6 5.0 3.5

Professional and technical services .............. – 0.0 – – 13.2 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

No

alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

Education and health services:

Educational services ........................................ – 0.0 – – – 12.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 0.0 4.7 – 5.7 6.7

Other services ................................................... – 0.0 – – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.4 3.9 4.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.5 2.5 2.4 4.5 4.5 3.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.1 2.6 1.5 2.6 3.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 2.0 – 1.3 3.1 4.6

New England ..................................................... 2.0 2.0 – 1.8 8.1 7.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 2.5 – 1.5 2.9 4.9

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.8 3.9 3.8 5.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9 – 4.2 4.5 5.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 3.5 2.0 2.4 3.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.3 4.3 2.2 2.7 3.5

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, private

industry workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 69 31 83 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 68 32 84 16

Management, business, and financial ............... 72 28 85 15

Professional and related .................................... 66 34 83 17

Service ................................................................... 68 32 83 17

Protective service .............................................. 57 43 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 73 27 85 15

Sales and related ............................................... 77 23 86 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 72 28 85 15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 68 32 81 19

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 58 42 77 23

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 26 85 15

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 68 32 80 20

Production ......................................................... 70 30 81 19

Transportation and material moving .................. 66 34 80 20

Full time ................................................................. 70 30 83 17

Part time ................................................................ 67 33 81 19

Union ..................................................................... 59 41 78 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 70 30 84 16

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 73 27 82 18

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 70 30 84 16

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 28 85 15

Third 25 percent ................................................ 68 32 82 18

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 68 32 83 17

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 68 32 84 16

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 69 31 81 19

Construction ...................................................... 65 35 83 17

Manufacturing .................................................... 69 31 80 20

Service-providing industries .................................. 70 30 84 16

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 72 28 83 17

Wholesale trade ............................................. 75 25 90 10

Retail trade .................................................... 74 26 82 18

Transportation and warehousing ................... 65 35 78 22

Utilities ........................................................... 77 23 86 14

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

Information ......................................................... 79 21 94 6

Financial activities ............................................. 67 33 79 21

Finance and insurance .................................. 67 33 77 23

Credit intermediation and related activities 66 34 74 26

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 74 26 84 16

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 67 33 88 12

Professional and business services .................. 73 27 87 13

Professional and technical services .............. 73 27 83 17

Administrative and waste services ................ 77 23 – –

Education and health services ........................... 62 38 82 18

Educational services ...................................... 58 42 90 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 55 45 87 13

Health care and social assistance ................. 63 37 80 20

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 83 17 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 83 17 – –

Other services ................................................... 58 42 82 18

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 71 29 83 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 70 30 82 18

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 71 29 86 14

100 workers or more .............................................. 69 31 83 17

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 71 29 83 17

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 34 83 17

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 63 37 79 21

New England ..................................................... 64 36 79 21

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 63 37 80 20

South ..................................................................... 72 28 82 18

South Atlantic .................................................... 71 29 82 18

East South Central ............................................ 69 31 77 23

West South Central ........................................... 76 24 84 16

Midwest ................................................................. 71 29 84 16

East North Central ............................................. 70 30 83 17

West North Central ............................................ 74 26 87 13

West ...................................................................... 69 31 88 12

Mountain ............................................................ 74 26 89 11

Pacific ................................................................ 67 33 87 13

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1

Service ................................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.4

Protective service .............................................. 5.4 5.4 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.5

Production ......................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.1 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.8 3.8 3.2 3.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 2.9 1.5 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.4 5.4 2.6 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7

Construction ...................................................... 3.5 3.5 2.7 2.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.6 2.6 1.4 1.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.4

Utilities ........................................................... 3.4 3.4 2.7 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

Information ......................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.2

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.5

Professional and technical services .............. 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.6 3.6 – –

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 2.7 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 3.1 1.9 1.9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.9 3.9 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.4 4.4 – –

Other services ................................................... 6.2 6.2 5.1 5.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.1 3.1 2.3 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.6

New England ..................................................... 3.5 3.5 2.6 2.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.0 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.7 3.7 1.7 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.9 2.9 1.4 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 2.0 0.6 0.6

West North Central ............................................ 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.2

West ...................................................................... 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 4.1 4.1 2.1 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 2.8 2.3 2.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry

workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 70 54 78 69 48 69

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 87 73 84 87 64 73

Management, business, and financial ............... 94 78 83 94 69 73

Professional and related .................................... 83 70 84 82 60 73

Service ................................................................... 45 30 65 45 26 57

Protective service .............................................. 67 48 71 67 43 64

Sales and office ..................................................... 68 51 75 67 45 67

Sales and related ............................................... 54 38 71 53 35 66

Office and administrative support ...................... 78 60 77 76 52 68

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 74 59 80 74 55 75

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 71 56 79 71 53 75

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 77 62 81 77 57 75

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 61 79 77 54 71

Production ......................................................... 81 66 81 81 58 73

Transportation and material moving .................. 73 56 77 73 51 69

Full time ................................................................. 85 68 80 85 60 71

Part time ................................................................ 24 13 55 23 11 48

Union ..................................................................... 96 83 86 95 77 81

Nonunion ............................................................... 68 52 77 67 45 68

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 39 23 60 38 21 55

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27 14 51 27 12 46

Second 25 percent ............................................ 72 54 76 71 47 67

Third 25 percent ................................................ 86 70 82 85 62 73

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 79 85 92 69 75

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 95 82 87 94 71 75

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 86 71 82 85 63 74

Construction ...................................................... 74 58 78 74 55 74

Manufacturing .................................................... 91 76 84 91 67 74

Service-providing industries .................................. 67 51 76 66 45 68

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 69 52 75 68 46 68

Wholesale trade ............................................. 87 71 82 86 64 75

Retail trade .................................................... 55 37 66 53 33 61

Transportation and warehousing ................... 85 69 81 84 61 72

Utilities ........................................................... 99 90 91 98 80 81

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 42 32 76 26 21 79 68 47 69

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 61 47 77 37 29 80 86 63 73

Management, business, and financial ............... 64 49 77 39 30 78 93 68 74

Professional and related .................................... 58 45 77 36 29 81 81 60 73

Service ................................................................... 23 17 74 14 11 75 44 25 56

Protective service .............................................. 27 18 65 21 13 60 58 36 61

Sales and office ..................................................... 39 29 74 23 18 76 66 44 67

Sales and related ............................................... 27 20 74 15 12 77 51 34 65

Office and administrative support ...................... 47 35 74 29 22 75 75 51 68

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 29 78 26 21 83 72 54 74

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 31 24 79 21 18 87 70 52 75

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 43 33 78 30 24 79 74 55 74

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 46 36 80 30 25 81 75 54 71

Production ......................................................... 48 39 81 33 27 82 79 58 73

Transportation and material moving .................. 44 34 78 28 22 80 71 50 70

Full time ................................................................. 52 40 77 32 26 80 83 59 71

Part time ................................................................ 12 8 69 8 6 70 22 10 47

Union ..................................................................... 73 61 83 56 47 83 92 74 80

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 29 75 24 18 78 66 45 68

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 11 70 10 7 72 37 20 55

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10 7 73 6 4 65 26 12 46

Second 25 percent ............................................ 40 30 75 25 19 78 69 46 66

Third 25 percent ................................................ 52 40 76 33 26 79 83 61 73

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 67 53 80 42 34 81 91 68 75

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 73 58 80 48 38 80 93 70 75

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 51 41 81 34 28 83 84 62 74

Construction ...................................................... 33 26 78 22 18 84 73 54 74

Manufacturing .................................................... 60 49 81 41 34 83 89 66 74

Service-providing industries .................................. 40 30 75 25 19 78 65 44 68

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 37 28 76 22 17 77 67 45 68

Wholesale trade ............................................. 50 39 78 35 27 76 85 63 75

Retail trade .................................................... 24 15 65 13 9 69 53 32 61

Transportation and warehousing ................... 57 48 84 33 27 84 83 60 72

Utilities ........................................................... 63 57 90 52 47 91 98 80 82

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 86 75 87 86 67 78

Financial activities ............................................. 87 73 84 87 65 75

Finance and insurance .................................. 94 80 85 93 71 76

Credit intermediation and related activities 97 82 85 97 73 76

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 90 77 85 89 67 75

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 69 54 79 69 49 71

Professional and business services .................. 73 58 79 73 50 69

Professional and technical services .............. 87 75 86 87 64 73

Administrative and waste services ................ 50 34 67 50 30 60

Education and health services ........................... 73 56 77 72 47 66

Educational services ...................................... 73 57 78 73 50 68

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 90 74 82 90 63 70

Health care and social assistance ................. 73 56 77 72 47 66

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 36 21 58 36 19 52

Accommodation and food services ................ 35 19 55 35 17 49

Other services ................................................... 50 39 78 49 36 73

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 41 74 56 37 66

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 51 37 74 50 33 66

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 54 72 74 49 66

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 70 81 85 61 71

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 82 64 78 81 57 70

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 77 84 90 66 73

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 69 56 80 69 49 71

New England ..................................................... 73 58 80 72 51 70

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 68 54 80 68 48 71

South ..................................................................... 67 49 74 66 44 67

South Atlantic .................................................... 68 49 72 67 44 66

East South Central ............................................ 65 50 76 65 44 68

West South Central ........................................... 66 49 75 65 45 68

Midwest ................................................................. 71 55 77 71 48 68

East North Central ............................................. 72 55 77 71 48 68

West North Central ............................................ 71 55 77 71 47 66

West ...................................................................... 74 61 82 73 53 73

Mountain ............................................................ 73 60 82 72 52 72

Pacific ................................................................ 75 62 83 74 54 73

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 69 54 79 55 41 76 85 67 78

Financial activities ............................................. 65 51 79 34 25 74 86 64 75

Finance and insurance .................................. 75 59 79 37 27 73 92 70 76

Credit intermediation and related activities 80 63 78 42 31 73 95 72 76

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 68 53 79 34 24 72 88 67 75

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 37 30 80 26 20 77 67 48 71

Professional and business services .................. 44 33 75 32 25 80 71 49 69

Professional and technical services .............. 60 45 76 44 36 81 86 63 73

Administrative and waste services ................ 21 15 70 18 14 79 48 29 59

Education and health services ........................... 45 33 74 25 19 79 70 46 66

Educational services ...................................... 44 34 78 24 16 66 72 49 68

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 62 50 81 35 22 62 89 62 69

Health care and social assistance ................. 45 33 74 25 20 81 70 46 65

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 18 13 74 11 9 75 35 18 52

Accommodation and food services ................ 17 12 74 11 8 74 35 17 48

Other services ................................................... 26 19 72 14 10 76 48 36 74

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 21 74 18 14 77 54 36 66

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 19 73 16 12 77 49 32 66

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 39 29 75 24 18 76 72 47 65

100 workers or more .............................................. 57 45 78 36 29 80 84 60 71

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 50 39 77 32 25 79 80 56 70

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 53 80 41 33 81 89 65 73

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 43 34 78 25 20 80 67 48 71

New England ..................................................... 43 33 77 18 14 77 69 48 70

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 43 34 78 28 23 81 67 47 71

South ..................................................................... 34 25 73 21 15 74 66 44 67

South Atlantic .................................................... 34 24 72 20 14 73 67 44 66

East South Central ............................................ 33 25 75 23 17 74 64 44 68

West South Central ........................................... 35 26 74 22 17 77 64 44 68

Midwest ................................................................. 44 34 77 26 20 78 69 47 68

East North Central ............................................. 44 34 78 27 21 76 69 47 68

West North Central ............................................ 42 32 75 23 19 82 68 45 66

West ...................................................................... 52 41 78 36 30 83 72 52 72

Mountain ............................................................ 47 36 78 27 23 85 70 50 72

Pacific ................................................................ 54 42 79 40 33 82 72 52 72

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits, and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.4 2.2

Protective service .............................................. 5.7 4.9 4.7 5.7 4.5 4.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 2.3 1.8 2.4 2.2 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0

Production ......................................................... 2.0 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.7 1.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 1.1 2.8 1.5 1.0 2.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.7 1.0 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 0.9 1.9 1.3 0.8 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.5 1.7 4.7 2.5 1.6 4.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 2.0 2.4 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.1

Retail trade .................................................... 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.5 0.9 0.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.9 2.3 1.8

Utilities ........................................................... 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.7 1.6 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 0.9 1.1 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.6 1.4 2.2 2.1 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.3 1.2 3.2 1.8 1.4 2.2

Protective service .............................................. 4.9 3.8 7.4 4.7 3.8 10.6 5.6 4.3 5.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8

Sales and related ............................................... 1.1 0.9 1.7 0.8 0.7 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 2.3 2.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.5 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.4 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.0

Production ......................................................... 2.6 2.4 1.4 2.8 2.5 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.1 3.4 1.0 0.9 4.3 1.5 1.0 2.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.9 2.0 1.6 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.8 1.9 0.8 0.6 3.2 1.2 0.8 1.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.3 4.6 1.1 0.9 6.1 2.5 1.6 4.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.0 1.4 2.6 2.4 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.7 1.6 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 2.1 1.8 2.5 1.6 1.5 2.5 2.0 2.2 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.0 1.9 1.0 2.0 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.7 2.4 2.4 1.7 2.1 2.1

Retail trade .................................................... 1.5 1.0 1.8 1.2 0.9 2.3 1.4 0.9 0.8

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.3 3.7 1.7 4.1 3.7 1.8 2.2 2.4 1.8

Utilities ........................................................... 3.8 3.4 1.2 4.7 4.5 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 2.7 3.1 1.7 2.7 2.8 2.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.4 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.0 3.7 2.5 5.0 3.6 2.3

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 2.5 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.6

Professional and technical services .............. 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.1 3.3 4.2 3.2 2.7 3.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 1.9 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.7 0.9 1.9 1.8 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 2.2 1.5 2.2 1.8 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.3 1.7 3.7 2.3 1.7 3.8

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.6 2.0 4.6 2.6 2.0 4.7

Other services ................................................... 3.8 2.9 3.7 3.8 2.7 3.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.3 0.8 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 1.7 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.4 1.8 1.3 2.2 1.9 1.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 2.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 3.8 2.8 1.5 3.7 2.4 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 1.8 1.5 2.4 1.8 1.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 3.4 1.9 3.1 2.4 1.0

West ...................................................................... 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 1.5 1.2 2.0 2.3 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 3.3 3.4 2.5 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.1 2.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 1.5 0.7 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.7 1.5 0.8 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.9

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.7 1.7 1.3 2.5 2.0 1.5 0.7 1.2 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.1 2.5 1.5 2.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.3 3.4 2.5 4.2 3.0 5.6 5.0 3.6 2.4

Professional and business services .................. 3.1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.3 1.9 1.7

Professional and technical services .............. 3.8 2.8 3.3 4.4 4.3 2.7 2.1 2.2 2.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.7 2.7 3.4 3.8 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.7 3.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.5 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.2 2.0 2.9 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.0 1.2 2.7 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.8 2.6 2.4 1.9 1.7 2.7 2.2 1.7 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.7 1.3 3.3 1.8 1.3 4.7 2.3 1.7 3.8

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.0 1.6 4.7 2.2 1.7 6.9 2.7 2.0 4.7

Other services ................................................... 4.6 4.0 5.4 3.4 2.9 5.7 3.5 2.6 3.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.8 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.6 1.3 0.8 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.8 1.7 1.3 1.1 2.2 1.3 0.8 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.2 2.4 2.1 1.5 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.5 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.3

New England ..................................................... 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.5 2.4 3.6 1.8 1.9 2.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 2.1 2.8 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.1 0.9 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.2 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5

East South Central ............................................ 5.2 3.9 1.3 4.5 3.5 2.6 3.7 2.0 1.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.9 1.5 3.6 1.2 1.3 3.7 2.5 1.8 1.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 2.2 2.8 1.6 1.2 2.1 2.9 2.6 1.3

West ...................................................................... 2.0 1.7 1.4 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 0.9 2.0 2.2 2.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.7 2.3 1.8 2.8 2.6 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits, and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, private industry workers, March 2020

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 78 22 66 34

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 79 21 68 32

Management, business, and financial ............... 77 23 67 33

Professional and related .................................... 80 20 68 32

Service ................................................................... 78 22 60 40

Protective service .............................................. 77 23 65 35

Sales and office ..................................................... 78 22 65 35

Sales and related ............................................... 76 24 62 38

Office and administrative support ...................... 79 21 67 33

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 78 22 67 33

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 79 21 68 32

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 78 22 66 34

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 22 69 31

Production ......................................................... 79 21 72 28

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 23 67 33

Full time ................................................................. 78 22 66 34

Part time ................................................................ 80 20 66 34

Union ..................................................................... 84 16 82 18

Nonunion ............................................................... 78 22 64 36

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 76 24 59 41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 77 23 59 41

Second 25 percent ............................................ 78 22 64 36

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 21 67 33

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 80 20 71 29

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 80 20 72 28

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 21 71 29

Construction ...................................................... 78 22 66 34

Manufacturing .................................................... 79 21 73 27

Service-providing industries .................................. 78 22 65 35

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 77 23 65 35

Wholesale trade ............................................. 79 21 66 34

Retail trade .................................................... 74 26 60 40

Transportation and warehousing ................... 78 22 69 31

Utilities ........................................................... 86 14 80 20

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

Information ......................................................... 81 19 74 26

Financial activities ............................................. 79 21 70 30

Finance and insurance .................................. 79 21 72 28

Credit intermediation and related activities 78 22 70 30

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 79 21 74 26

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 79 21 60 40

Professional and business services .................. 77 23 64 36

Professional and technical services .............. 78 22 64 36

Administrative and waste services ................ 72 28 57 43

Education and health services ........................... 80 20 64 36

Educational services ...................................... 79 21 64 36

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 80 20 70 30

Health care and social assistance ................. 81 19 64 36

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 80 20 63 37

Accommodation and food services ................ 80 20 63 37

Other services ................................................... 80 20 59 41

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 78 22 61 39

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 78 22 61 39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 77 23 60 40

100 workers or more .............................................. 79 21 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 78 22 66 34

500 workers or more .......................................... 80 20 75 25

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 80 20 71 29

New England ..................................................... 77 23 70 30

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 80 20 71 29

South ..................................................................... 78 22 62 38

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 23 61 39

East South Central ............................................ 78 22 66 34

West South Central ........................................... 78 22 62 38

Midwest ................................................................. 77 23 68 32

East North Central ............................................. 78 22 70 30

West North Central ............................................ 76 24 66 34

West ...................................................................... 80 20 66 34

Mountain ............................................................ 78 22 67 33

Pacific ................................................................ 81 19 66 34

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 2.8 5.0 5.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Production ......................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

Construction ...................................................... 1.2 1.2 1.9 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.6

Utilities ........................................................... 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

Information ......................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.3

Financial activities ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.6 1.6 3.2 3.2

Professional and business services .................. 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.2 1.2 2.4 2.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.7 1.7 2.4 2.4

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.9 1.9 3.7 3.7

Other services ................................................... 1.4 1.4 2.7 2.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.0 1.8 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 0.7 0.7 1.6 1.6

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $457.62 12 $599.95 88 $438.14 $140.84

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 462.02 9 594.29 91 448.47 134.36

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 454.52 8 585.34 92 443.56 143.31

Professional and related .................................... 100 466.93 10 598.68 90 451.78 128.32

Service ................................................................... 100 456.98 16 562.54 84 437.16 148.72

Protective service .............................................. 100 429.37 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 456.82 11 609.19 89 438.88 141.92

Sales and related ............................................... 100 430.29 10 598.03 90 412.26 145.22

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 468.93 11 613.72 89 451.19 140.40

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 454.68 20 593.61 80 420.29 149.46

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 450.39 25 618.85 75 395.32 147.10

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 458.91 15 553.02 85 442.15 151.52

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 451.92 13 636.01 87 425.53 143.24

Production ......................................................... 100 447.35 11 548.42 89 434.98 135.90

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 457.02 14 710.31 86 414.54 151.77

Full time ................................................................. 100 456.18 11 592.54 89 438.51 141.06

Part time ................................................................ 100 481.66 21 666.03 79 431.27 136.61

Union ..................................................................... 100 577.17 29 692.59 71 529.42 157.19

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 439.31 9 555.78 91 427.23 138.88

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 435.45 9 623.46 91 416.31 146.33

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 444.93 13 582.04 87 423.37 137.35

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 441.85 12 585.08 88 421.82 142.33

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 455.30 12 574.23 88 438.99 141.26

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 479.78 13 625.68 87 458.16 137.16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 475.45 11 625.50 89 456.32 136.18

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 449.71 14 558.38 86 431.86 140.41

Construction ...................................................... 100 445.39 24 568.14 76 405.62 161.00

Manufacturing .................................................... 100 451.61 10 548.60 90 441.33 133.78

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 459.89 11 614.68 89 439.90 140.96

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 100 450.41 12 684.13 88 418.76 148.74

Wholesale trade ............................................. 100 432.72 11 540.00 89 419.29 131.10

Retail trade .................................................... 100 423.92 10 708.99 90 391.43 164.07

Transportation and warehousing ................... 100 487.27 15 769.99 85 438.96 147.87

Utilities ........................................................... 100 581.76 16 632.82 84 572.32 113.21

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... 100 $463.38 15 $509.86 85 $455.11 $125.37

Financial activities ............................................. 100 460.65 6 591.88 94 451.62 131.29

Finance and insurance .................................. 100 454.97 5 566.22 95 449.54 126.36

Credit intermediation and related activities 100 454.89 3 502.11 97 453.48 128.77

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 100 456.61 6 614.68 94 446.69 124.97

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 100 484.43 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 100 434.18 10 568.64 90 419.31 146.20

Professional and technical services .............. 100 433.00 12 567.90 88 414.27 134.97

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 405.55 7 547.16 93 395.01 164.77

Education and health services ........................... 100 487.48 10 582.15 90 477.43 132.88

Educational services ...................................... 100 509.89 6 536.52 94 508.17 146.02

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 541.25 3 619.66 97 539.04 146.92

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 484.07 10 586.31 90 472.53 130.79

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 459.79 21 595.89 79 423.87 140.74

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 466.67 22 594.91 78 429.86 144.01

Other services ................................................... 100 501.62 27 692.91 73 429.93 165.56

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 441.83 15 577.39 85 417.55 146.24

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 443.25 16 572.13 84 419.24 146.24

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 438.58 14 590.91 86 413.76 146.25

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 468.65 10 624.31 90 451.68 137.29

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 456.62 10 635.70 90 436.92 139.23

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 482.77 10 610.71 90 468.97 135.01

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 494.44 13 652.76 87 471.56 142.73

New England ..................................................... 100 472.75 7 583.59 93 464.28 151.07

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 502.60 15 665.34 85 474.55 139.30

South ..................................................................... 100 441.58 10 543.84 90 430.36 141.78

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 436.86 10 530.34 90 426.55 143.96

East South Central ............................................ 100 459.40 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 100 441.79 9 531.84 91 432.40 138.69

Midwest ................................................................. 100 445.21 11 634.95 89 422.34 143.60

East North Central ............................................. 100 455.19 12 651.41 88 427.46 144.63

West North Central ............................................ 100 422.99 7 571.41 93 411.58 141.44

West ...................................................................... 100 461.31 16 590.21 84 437.48 135.21

Mountain ............................................................ 100 446.09 12 592.45 88 426.10 137.80

Pacific ................................................................ 100 467.64 17 589.56 83 442.51 134.06

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $2.66 0.7 $12.72 0.7 $2.88 $1.56

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.76 0.7 19.94 0.7 4.35 1.76

Management, business, and financial ............... 5.15 0.6 43.30 0.6 5.02 2.60

Professional and related .................................... 4.78 1.0 28.14 1.0 5.43 2.37

Service ................................................................... 10.43 2.6 44.79 2.6 12.55 6.67

Protective service .............................................. 27.42 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.48 1.0 14.99 1.0 3.15 2.30

Sales and related ............................................... 7.70 1.6 21.19 1.6 7.54 4.09

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.76 0.9 17.73 0.9 3.87 2.64

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 8.76 1.7 20.80 1.7 8.90 4.67

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 14.14 2.1 26.46 2.1 15.70 7.77

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 11.40 2.0 26.38 2.0 11.28 4.98

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.94 1.3 16.34 1.3 6.70 3.25

Production ......................................................... 7.88 1.2 20.62 1.2 8.49 3.97

Transportation and material moving .................. 9.64 2.2 22.77 2.2 11.01 5.50

Full time ................................................................. 2.70 0.7 12.47 0.7 3.01 1.52

Part time ................................................................ 18.48 5.1 31.90 5.1 16.08 11.32

Union ..................................................................... 8.39 2.1 15.80 2.1 8.40 5.91

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.88 0.7 15.52 0.7 3.08 1.50

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 10.84 1.1 57.37 1.1 8.10 4.52

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 27.90 3.3 91.38 3.3 24.48 12.71

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.43 1.5 27.40 1.5 5.13 2.77

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3.90 0.8 13.57 0.8 4.36 2.45

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3.83 1.0 16.16 1.0 3.94 1.80

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 6.04 1.0 31.04 1.0 5.49 2.25

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 4.82 1.1 15.11 1.1 6.11 3.00

Construction ...................................................... 12.50 2.2 23.03 2.2 12.57 6.89

Manufacturing .................................................... 5.80 0.8 15.55 0.8 6.26 3.60

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.14 0.9 16.57 0.9 3.28 1.73

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 6.04 0.9 16.90 0.9 5.14 2.63

Wholesale trade ............................................. 9.29 1.8 23.13 1.8 8.61 4.17

Retail trade .................................................... 6.48 1.2 32.49 1.2 5.16 4.79

Transportation and warehousing ................... 13.41 2.6 31.67 2.6 13.70 7.32

Utilities ........................................................... 16.19 3.0 36.82 3.0 17.63 5.97

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... $9.56 2.3 $28.27 2.3 $9.92 $5.80

Financial activities ............................................. 4.13 1.1 32.64 1.1 3.88 2.35

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.49 0.5 31.08 0.5 4.01 1.78

Credit intermediation and related activities 5.50 0.8 76.58 0.8 5.79 2.76

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.98 1.1 37.91 1.1 4.99 3.33

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 22.17 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 6.60 2.1 31.23 2.1 8.48 3.71

Professional and technical services .............. 10.76 3.0 48.22 3.0 8.96 3.75

Administrative and waste services ................ 17.39 1.8 56.01 1.8 16.45 6.74

Education and health services ........................... 5.58 1.7 40.17 1.7 7.17 4.31

Educational services ...................................... 13.88 1.7 26.57 1.7 15.03 6.62

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10.52 0.4 32.27 0.4 10.83 4.92

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.97 1.9 43.64 1.9 7.87 4.84

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 20.71 3.8 63.58 3.8 19.43 10.26

Accommodation and food services ................ 18.74 5.8 65.54 5.8 19.20 13.48

Other services ................................................... 29.62 3.8 79.86 3.8 13.87 17.04

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.60 1.1 20.79 1.1 3.70 2.73

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.07 1.2 27.94 1.2 3.99 3.39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.92 2.0 31.76 2.0 7.83 4.42

100 workers or more .............................................. 3.17 0.8 10.97 0.8 3.51 2.07

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5.11 0.9 18.25 0.9 4.65 2.41

500 workers or more .......................................... 5.13 1.2 14.26 1.2 5.44 3.02

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.91 1.7 11.78 1.7 8.10 2.78

New England ..................................................... 10.75 1.8 36.18 1.8 10.92 5.55

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6.25 2.0 11.50 2.0 11.29 3.03

South ..................................................................... 6.12 1.3 32.84 1.3 4.68 2.72

South Atlantic .................................................... 8.28 1.8 53.83 1.8 6.65 3.73

East South Central ............................................ 16.65 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 11.51 2.3 34.21 2.3 9.01 5.48

Midwest ................................................................. 5.05 1.0 23.05 1.0 6.35 2.79

East North Central ............................................. 4.90 1.4 25.46 1.4 8.26 2.96

West North Central ............................................ 12.11 1.2 52.91 1.2 9.06 6.14

West ...................................................................... 4.25 1.8 18.07 1.8 5.15 3.85

Mountain ............................................................ 8.26 2.4 31.40 2.4 9.22 4.67

Pacific ................................................................ 4.63 2.3 21.36 2.3 5.98 5.08

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 74 16 9 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 73 15 11 2

Management, business, and financial ............... 74 16 8 2

Professional and related .................................... 72 14 12 1

Service ................................................................... 81 11 – –

Protective service .............................................. 85 5 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 67 24 8 1

Sales and related ............................................... 63 31 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 69 21 9 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 8 11 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 85 4 9 2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 76 – 12 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 13 – –

Production ......................................................... 79 14 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 11 – –

Full time ................................................................. 74 16 9 1

Part time ................................................................ 79 13 – –

Union ..................................................................... 76 5 16 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 74 17 8 1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 80 14 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 86 – 5 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 74 19 7 1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 76 14 9 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 71 15 12 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 69 14 14 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 12 8 1

Construction ...................................................... 82 5 11 2

Manufacturing .................................................... 78 14 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 73 17 9 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 70 21 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 82 11 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 61 33 7 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 70 15 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 83 – 14 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 77 – 15 –

Financial activities ............................................. 55 34 9 1

Finance and insurance .................................. 49 40 10 2

Credit intermediation and related activities 46 44 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 53 30 13 4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 84 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 77 9 12 2

Professional and technical services .............. 75 9 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 88 – 6 –

Education and health services ........................... 77 15 7 1

Educational services ...................................... 74 18 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 64 29 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 78 15 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 80 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 79 – – –

Other services ................................................... 85 7 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 76 14 9 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 75 16 8 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 – 10 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 73 17 9 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 14 7 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 20 12 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 77 14 8 1

New England ..................................................... 75 12 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 15 7 1

South ..................................................................... 74 19 7 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 72 21 7 1

East South Central ............................................ 76 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 76 17 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 72 15 11 2

East North Central ............................................. 73 14 11 2

West North Central ............................................ 69 19 11 1

West ...................................................................... 75 13 11 1

Mountain ............................................................ 72 18 8 2

Pacific ................................................................ 76 11 13 1

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2020

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.3 1.2 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 2.2 1.7 1.9 0.4

Service ................................................................... 1.8 2.0 – –

Protective service .............................................. 4.2 1.6 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 2.6 2.6 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 1.4 1.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.0 1.0 1.4 0.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.8 1.1 2.4 0.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 – 1.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.1 – –

Production ......................................................... 1.6 1.3 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.0 1.7 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 1.6 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.8 0.7 2.8 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.7 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.2 – 1.2 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 1.4 2.3 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.3

Construction ...................................................... 2.7 1.2 2.0 0.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.6 1.5 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.0 1.5 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.1 2.3 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 1.9 2.2 1.0 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6.2 3.0 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 4.4 – 3.2 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 2.7 – 3.5 –

Financial activities ............................................. 2.1 2.0 1.4 0.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 1.7 1.5 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 2.5 – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.7 2.7 1.4 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.0 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 3.0 2.0 2.9 0.7

Professional and technical services .............. 4.7 2.0 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.9 – 1.9 –

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 2.8 1.2 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 2.9 1.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 2.0 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 3.3 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.2 – – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.4 – – –

Other services ................................................... 5.7 2.9 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.0 1.4 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.2 1.4 2.0 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 – 1.7 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 1.9 1.5 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.6 1.3 0.5

New England ..................................................... 2.9 2.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.6 2.3 1.1 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.1 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 2.7 1.4 0.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.2 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.3 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 2.0 0.7 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 3.1 2.9 0.8 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 1.2 1.4 0.5

West ...................................................................... 2.7 0.9 2.6 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 3.1 2.0 2.1 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 3.7 1.0 3.6 0.3

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,121.07 6 $1,655.90 94 $1,088.78 $576.37

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,150.05 3 1,518.31 97 1,137.06 554.36

Management, business, and financial ............... 100 1,149.73 2 1,525.51 98 1,141.60 561.01

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,150.27 4 1,515.97 96 1,134.03 549.92

Service ................................................................... 100 1,023.79 6 1,720.35 94 979.02 689.54

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,069.58 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,095.76 4 1,636.46 96 1,074.22 581.77

Sales and related ............................................... 100 986.93 3 1,530.25 97 968.26 582.15

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,145.20 4 1,675.92 96 1,122.73 581.59

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,104.00 12 1,669.73 88 1,024.85 579.64

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 100 1,093.56 16 1,758.60 84 966.83 553.54

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 100 1,114.21 9 1,508.47 91 1,076.99 603.09

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,171.80 9 1,734.34 91 1,116.95 535.44

Production ......................................................... 100 1,211.96 7 1,600.68 93 1,182.67 501.29

Transportation and material moving .................. 100 1,127.44 11 1,828.72 89 1,041.12 574.84

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,122.51 5 1,645.95 95 1,093.87 575.82

Part time ................................................................ 100 1,096.34 14 1,717.52 86 992.13 586.79

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,512.57 25 1,772.21 75 1,424.21 429.57

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 1,061.23 3 1,487.62 97 1,049.48 593.57

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 976.75 4 1,571.45 96 954.21 669.09

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 943.94 6 1,447.86 94 914.24 671.00

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,061.50 5 1,678.02 95 1,029.70 593.68

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,116.72 6 1,578.81 94 1,088.94 572.43

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,222.83 7 1,717.35 93 1,185.27 530.81

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,242.62 5 1,705.75 95 1,216.74 509.48

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 100 1,182.49 8 1,614.55 92 1,142.57 510.84

Construction ...................................................... 100 1,064.78 14 1,702.46 86 963.54 595.24

Manufacturing .................................................... 100 1,234.42 6 1,539.82 94 1,214.33 476.94

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,103.49 5 1,676.32 95 1,073.96 594.43

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 100 1,070.99 8 1,748.51 92 1,013.79 584.35

Wholesale trade ............................................. 100 1,036.92 5 1,470.10 95 1,014.94 548.58

Retail trade .................................................... 100 947.61 6 1,654.82 94 903.65 643.60

Transportation and warehousing ................... 100 1,219.07 13 1,901.50 87 1,117.25 550.43

Utilities ........................................................... 100 1,548.26 10 1,774.22 90 1,523.10 414.07

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... 100 $1,240.26 9 $1,494.94 91 $1,215.20 $471.82

Financial activities ............................................. 100 1,197.07 3 1,711.96 97 1,182.17 521.41

Finance and insurance .................................. 100 1,211.73 2 1,659.28 98 1,201.86 480.86

Credit intermediation and related activities 100 1,187.13 – – – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 100 1,239.10 4 1,567.15 96 1,227.07 461.40

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 100 1,134.20 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 100 1,063.87 2 1,527.67 98 1,053.64 599.32

Professional and technical services .............. 100 1,031.88 3 1,439.49 97 1,019.86 588.93

Administrative and waste services ................ 100 955.49 – – – – –

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,126.98 3 1,799.35 97 1,103.51 619.95

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,188.66 – – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,353.13 – – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,117.55 3 1,893.18 97 1,089.52 618.30

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 100 1,048.14 8 1,432.42 92 1,015.11 651.73

Accommodation and food services ................ 100 1,076.35 10 1,427.50 90 1,037.79 672.62

Other services ................................................... 100 1,043.17 8 1,677.91 92 987.24 791.60

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 1,003.61 5 1,584.36 95 971.24 650.84

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 1,008.39 5 1,536.23 95 977.97 642.86

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 992.58 5 1,708.01 95 955.82 669.13

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,202.50 6 1,699.66 94 1,170.87 524.37

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,112.75 5 1,711.34 95 1,083.21 570.61

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,306.93 7 1,691.10 93 1,275.92 468.95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,245.14 7 1,750.03 93 1,207.35 530.15

New England ..................................................... 100 1,212.73 3 1,478.92 97 1,204.39 526.15

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,257.21 8 1,786.45 92 1,208.52 531.73

South ..................................................................... 100 1,044.95 3 1,620.24 97 1,028.07 622.39

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 1,038.37 3 1,516.77 97 1,025.55 634.13

East South Central ............................................ 100 1,129.77 4 1,773.14 96 1,101.29 576.22

West South Central ........................................... 100 1,017.54 3 1,694.18 97 999.15 621.89

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,132.15 7 1,660.36 93 1,090.90 555.20

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,163.75 8 1,672.08 92 1,117.67 542.08

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,064.09 5 1,617.93 95 1,035.27 582.47

West ...................................................................... 100 1,112.08 7 1,596.19 93 1,075.88 569.83

Mountain ............................................................ 100 1,107.10 7 1,567.13 93 1,074.95 560.60

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,114.20 7 1,607.48 93 1,076.28 573.78

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $8.22 0.3 $31.99 0.3 $8.26 $5.77

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 15.86 0.3 86.15 0.3 15.12 11.11

Management, business, and financial ............... 18.91 0.3 66.85 0.3 19.12 11.24

Professional and related .................................... 19.28 0.6 112.02 0.6 17.96 16.06

Service ................................................................... 22.06 1.3 118.96 1.3 28.65 26.17

Protective service .............................................. 93.60 – – – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 12.16 0.4 43.57 0.4 12.94 9.15

Sales and related ............................................... 16.95 0.7 108.25 0.7 17.49 10.31

Office and administrative support ...................... 16.62 0.5 53.58 0.5 17.30 12.44

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 26.66 1.3 53.29 1.3 27.19 18.92

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 42.96 1.5 62.30 1.5 44.52 26.76

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 33.29 1.5 87.91 1.5 33.55 23.45

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 18.15 1.1 32.37 1.1 18.56 10.44

Production ......................................................... 19.87 1.2 44.46 1.2 21.25 15.64

Transportation and material moving .................. 30.63 1.9 47.04 1.9 30.11 13.86

Full time ................................................................. 8.10 0.3 33.01 0.3 8.13 6.25

Part time ................................................................ 54.17 3.1 95.92 3.1 47.09 20.61

Union ..................................................................... 20.29 2.0 29.55 2.0 21.12 11.79

Nonunion ............................................................... 9.17 0.2 61.09 0.2 8.76 6.04

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 19.50 0.7 92.06 0.7 20.16 16.60

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 39.31 1.6 112.87 1.6 40.79 24.83

Second 25 percent ............................................ 14.58 0.8 88.89 0.8 15.72 9.50

Third 25 percent ................................................ 12.66 0.6 34.49 0.6 12.96 9.31

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 12.49 0.6 45.27 0.6 12.36 9.16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 19.05 0.5 112.72 0.5 18.20 10.61

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 16.60 0.8 43.66 0.8 17.50 11.95

Construction ...................................................... 40.59 1.7 74.12 1.7 37.16 22.63

Manufacturing .................................................... 17.74 1.0 39.39 1.0 18.66 11.95

Service-providing industries .................................. 8.97 0.4 42.47 0.4 8.93 6.52

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 21.55 0.9 31.27 0.9 19.10 10.98

Wholesale trade ............................................. 24.03 1.3 98.28 1.3 21.04 20.20

Retail trade .................................................... 17.76 1.0 77.34 1.0 13.63 17.28

Transportation and warehousing ................... 46.03 2.6 66.12 2.6 47.95 13.77

Utilities ........................................................... 36.09 1.8 48.63 1.8 39.15 29.12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

Information ......................................................... $37.61 1.7 $47.68 1.7 $38.41 $20.39

Financial activities ............................................. 16.03 1.0 90.49 1.0 17.95 11.55

Finance and insurance .................................. 11.73 0.4 106.30 0.4 13.00 7.65

Credit intermediation and related activities 14.26 – – – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 20.91 0.8 160.00 0.8 20.97 10.64

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 79.98 – – – – –

Professional and business services .................. 23.00 0.6 210.12 0.6 22.98 12.94

Professional and technical services .............. 23.74 1.2 218.22 1.2 22.38 17.05

Administrative and waste services ................ 61.96 – – – – –

Education and health services ........................... 19.65 0.7 115.85 0.7 22.92 21.18

Educational services ...................................... 43.83 – – – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 31.13 – – – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 21.57 0.8 93.22 0.8 25.35 24.32

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 42.39 1.4 95.48 1.4 45.75 43.14

Accommodation and food services ................ 58.33 2.4 94.73 2.4 61.45 58.77

Other services ................................................... 100.56 2.6 467.79 2.6 88.25 50.84

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 13.00 0.4 61.73 0.4 11.63 11.17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 14.48 0.6 65.82 0.6 13.50 14.63

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 22.52 0.8 151.30 0.8 20.66 17.65

100 workers or more .............................................. 11.74 0.5 32.75 0.5 12.44 7.10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 16.53 0.5 53.44 0.5 16.37 10.55

500 workers or more .......................................... 15.53 0.9 49.24 0.9 16.77 9.33

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15.27 0.9 65.76 0.9 19.76 8.43

New England ..................................................... 33.22 0.7 109.12 0.7 33.11 13.65

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 17.64 1.1 70.39 1.1 26.49 10.47

South ..................................................................... 17.37 0.6 80.17 0.6 16.26 9.58

South Atlantic .................................................... 20.60 0.5 76.89 0.5 20.71 11.92

East South Central ............................................ 33.29 2.1 87.18 2.1 35.79 23.81

West South Central ........................................... 40.81 1.2 216.10 1.2 34.21 18.59

Midwest ................................................................. 13.89 0.8 51.57 0.8 13.73 13.95

East North Central ............................................. 11.35 1.0 65.38 1.0 12.63 14.29

West North Central ............................................ 36.89 1.3 57.76 1.3 32.31 28.85

West ...................................................................... 16.60 0.6 58.24 0.6 15.87 12.58

Mountain ............................................................ 40.70 1.4 49.37 1.4 35.76 17.44

Pacific ................................................................ 16.11 0.6 79.34 0.6 16.73 16.46

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 74 16 10 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 73 15 11 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 72 17 9 2

Professional and related .................................... 73 13 12 1

Service ................................................................... 81 10 7 2

Protective service .............................................. 83 5 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 66 24 9 1

Sales and related ............................................... 62 31 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 20 10 1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 79 8 11 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 85 5 9 1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 74 11 13 2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 78 13 – –

Production ......................................................... 78 14 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 77 11 – –

Full time ................................................................. 73 16 10 1

Part time ................................................................ 78 14 – –

Union ..................................................................... 76 5 16 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 73 17 9 1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 79 15 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 83 – 6 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 74 17 8 4 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 74 15 10 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 70 15 12 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 70 15 14 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 79 11 9 1

Construction ...................................................... 82 5 11 2

Manufacturing .................................................... 78 14 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 72 17 10 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 68 21 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 81 11 8 –

Retail trade .................................................... 60 32 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 67 15 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 82 – 13 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 75 – 17 –

Financial activities ............................................. 54 35 9 2

Finance and insurance .................................. 49 40 10 2

Credit intermediation and related activities 46 45 9 1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 52 31 14 4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 81 11 – –

Professional and business services .................. 75 11 12 3

Professional and technical services .............. 75 10 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 85 – 7 –

Education and health services ........................... 78 14 8 1

Educational services ...................................... 74 17 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 64 29 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 78 13 8 1

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 80 – 8 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 79 – – –

Other services ................................................... 86 – 6 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 14 10 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 74 16 9 1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 – 11 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 72 17 10 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 79 13 7 1

500 workers or more .......................................... 65 21 12 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 77 12 9 2

New England ..................................................... 75 11 13 1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 78 13 7 2

South ..................................................................... 74 18 7 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 73 20 6 1

East South Central ............................................ 76 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 75 18 6 1

Midwest ................................................................. 71 16 12 1

East North Central ............................................. 72 14 12 2

West North Central ............................................ 68 19 12 1

West ...................................................................... 73 14 12 1

Mountain ............................................................ 70 19 9 2

Pacific ................................................................ 74 – 14 –

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2020

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.3 1.2 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.5 1.1 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 1.7 1.9 0.4

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 6.0 1.5 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.0 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 2.6 2.6 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.9 1.3 1.3 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 1.1 1.6 0.7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.0 1.2 2.6 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.2 – –

Production ......................................................... 1.7 1.5 – –

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.9 1.6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 1.6 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.8 0.7 2.8 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.8 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.7 – 1.4 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.2 1.3 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 1.4 2.3 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.2

Construction ...................................................... 3.0 1.3 2.4 0.7

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.7 1.7 – –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.9 1.5 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.1 2.4 1.7 –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.1 2.2 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6.4 3.0 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 4.7 – 3.1 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

Information ......................................................... 3.6 – 3.5 –

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 1.8 1.4 0.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.5 1.9 1.5 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.6 2.8 2.8 0.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.5 2.7 1.5 1.1

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.8 3.0 – –

Professional and business services .................. 3.3 2.2 2.9 0.8

Professional and technical services .............. 4.4 2.3 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.7 – 2.0 –

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 2.8 1.4 0.3

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 1.8 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 2.0 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 3.2 1.6 0.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.2 – 2.5 –

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.4 – – –

Other services ................................................... 4.0 – 2.8 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 1.4 1.9 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.1 – 1.9 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 1.9 1.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.4 0.3

New England ..................................................... 2.6 3.0 3.9 0.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 2.2 1.3 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.1 0.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 2.5 1.4 0.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 2.7 1.9 0.3

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 2.1 0.7 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 3.1 3.0 0.8 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.2

West ...................................................................... 2.5 1.2 2.7 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 3.9 2.8 2.2 0.3

Pacific ................................................................ 3.1 – 3.7 –

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, private industry workers, 

March 2020

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $45.75 $79.14 $123.88 $176.50 $244.35 $206.44 $320.40 $480.86 $764.00 $1098.89

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 42.79 78.36 119.11 174.25 243.77 200.74 310.20 476.00 746.16 1094.07

Management, business, and financial ............... 47.00 84.71 133.84 186.30 252.43 206.44 340.17 488.00 736.36 1129.10

Professional and related .................................... 38.22 75.65 108.00 166.84 233.50 193.33 305.07 465.09 747.38 1080.46

Service ................................................................... – 76.44 124.28 178.41 256.78 217.17 386.93 568.00 908.70 1238.84

Protective service .............................................. – – 140.15 151.72 – – – 486.33 – 1411.02

Sales and office ..................................................... 45.93 78.54 127.76 179.11 240.12 220.32 351.17 489.49 759.56 1064.04

Sales and related ............................................... 50.00 82.91 128.33 181.89 235.15 212.46 335.06 495.63 706.73 1064.04

Office and administrative support ...................... 41.64 76.09 126.97 178.41 242.57 225.42 357.84 487.68 775.08 1067.94

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 48.08 82.85 125.62 178.41 268.42 227.37 306.59 441.47 737.00 1075.21

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 48.08 87.10 123.83 178.41 267.59 237.29 298.08 426.40 700.02 1023.15

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 48.73 82.33 125.62 178.41 270.08 222.72 327.17 470.78 800.00 1141.42

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 49.92 82.81 124.28 178.41 243.57 187.06 294.51 423.25 679.88 1031.80

Production ......................................................... 47.62 74.44 120.00 171.00 238.57 174.22 277.00 398.55 646.62 1010.80

Transportation and material moving .................. 54.93 92.19 126.37 183.15 248.98 203.09 312.74 461.14 728.78 1069.43

Full time ................................................................. 47.70 80.00 124.00 176.24 243.28 206.03 319.84 479.97 757.84 1094.07

Part time ................................................................ – – 115.99 183.15 273.02 222.65 330.89 483.80 781.37 1169.69

Union ..................................................................... 51.76 90.82 130.88 187.90 241.29 174.22 279.19 363.43 476.20 698.99

Nonunion ............................................................... 44.12 78.15 122.43 174.77 246.56 212.07 331.00 502.29 790.85 1129.10

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 40.07 84.15 127.23 181.14 244.51 256.79 390.00 566.44 908.70 1198.41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 126.64 183.91 241.29 273.42 395.33 575.25 912.12 1295.56

Second 25 percent ............................................ 47.45 76.89 122.44 173.72 238.76 202.36 320.77 484.12 772.64 1111.79

Third 25 percent ................................................ 47.70 79.12 120.26 174.59 245.42 210.97 308.55 465.00 736.32 1080.46

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 44.12 79.79 124.00 179.82 247.78 198.45 310.98 460.98 700.93 1043.79

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 43.10 78.56 122.98 175.53 235.00 200.74 303.46 452.00 662.40 953.50

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 48.08 79.00 121.33 176.33 246.22 177.00 280.01 397.70 660.86 1002.30

Construction ...................................................... 60.31 98.28 138.62 203.60 297.55 230.32 310.29 455.00 775.66 1075.21

Manufacturing .................................................... 50.78 75.41 115.00 165.36 233.25 169.67 266.91 385.47 627.12 964.16

Service-providing industries .................................. 43.23 79.89 124.11 176.76 243.77 215.17 342.39 501.18 787.77 1134.32

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 48.03 84.74 123.45 178.41 241.29 213.65 329.72 458.99 693.95 1069.40

Wholesale trade ............................................. 50.00 84.59 110.48 171.54 216.77 210.97 303.34 461.61 677.26 1069.40

Retail trade .................................................... 44.02 87.89 132.17 193.75 278.16 225.77 355.34 478.69 815.74 1257.74

Transportation and warehousing ................... 49.28 92.19 119.50 166.30 233.67 220.26 342.98 438.00 592.47 988.04

Utilities ........................................................... 31.05 59.08 109.96 158.73 198.87 153.79 233.00 368.58 468.89 661.22

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... $46.11 $76.41 $128.33 $176.33 $192.08 $226.27 $305.18 $435.30 $575.16 $817.85

Financial activities ............................................. 50.00 75.00 125.15 166.52 238.88 216.22 359.00 473.02 746.74 981.95

Finance and insurance .................................. 45.00 75.98 124.32 154.00 209.32 212.92 339.10 452.56 639.14 821.05

Credit intermediation and related activities 42.20 73.54 125.67 170.00 233.01 204.54 367.06 476.89 662.52 834.17

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 50.00 85.08 122.80 146.58 202.85 213.35 307.38 434.57 557.85 824.80

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 54.67 69.77 132.16 203.67 284.80 294.51 402.13 – 981.95 1224.72

Professional and business services .................. 49.96 90.10 143.45 187.40 258.10 216.00 358.10 521.11 807.84 1143.02

Professional and technical services .............. 47.00 85.18 139.41 170.24 230.94 216.00 338.00 504.50 768.92 1069.72

Administrative and waste services ................ 68.51 121.43 147.25 188.76 266.72 233.45 396.55 585.83 966.20 1292.03

Education and health services ........................... 31.94 72.46 104.07 170.82 243.77 206.70 323.63 523.15 860.94 1183.07

Educational services ...................................... 44.58 78.00 123.20 192.99 307.67 289.79 395.61 569.54 786.04 1065.68

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 46.00 80.00 128.93 195.00 270.29 273.00 385.00 530.42 741.01 1164.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 31.94 72.36 102.54 169.03 239.22 202.36 312.08 504.68 879.28 1198.41

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 68.10 122.43 172.59 260.48 – 412.94 564.44 876.34 1100.12

Accommodation and food services ................ – – 126.64 173.72 260.48 – 412.94 554.75 876.34 1243.57

Other services ................................................... 59.77 82.33 128.91 215.00 271.73 247.12 335.57 620.00 1069.43 1333.00

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 48.11 83.98 128.91 181.69 260.40 254.72 363.78 542.42 883.58 1224.72

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 48.11 81.63 128.36 184.80 260.60 252.38 355.16 542.42 845.61 1219.33

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 53.08 87.10 129.98 174.83 260.04 256.05 380.06 560.00 920.50 1245.03

100 workers or more .............................................. 43.08 77.94 120.03 173.56 238.76 186.11 295.00 445.62 690.25 999.71

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 43.33 79.53 123.88 173.42 243.54 201.96 318.18 478.26 762.52 1079.42

500 workers or more .......................................... 39.52 73.88 114.54 175.02 233.67 154.02 270.18 398.67 585.83 879.28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 48.06 79.12 123.30 182.83 259.35 176.91 283.90 426.40 706.00 1062.83

New England ..................................................... 53.08 87.36 137.01 184.80 279.34 176.91 303.34 435.30 706.00 1040.35

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 46.00 79.12 118.02 178.41 252.43 175.58 281.67 420.33 706.92 1067.84

South ..................................................................... 36.00 77.12 126.31 180.56 241.50 218.71 353.20 531.36 858.30 1179.96

South Atlantic .................................................... 36.28 78.00 128.33 190.18 257.20 229.90 375.00 544.17 883.58 1230.18

East South Central ............................................ 43.12 79.99 121.55 168.44 219.67 200.74 330.39 448.10 698.03 979.66

West South Central ........................................... 34.49 70.92 125.00 168.54 234.00 218.48 349.43 511.95 860.64 1223.63

Midwest ................................................................. 55.82 84.04 126.37 178.41 256.78 191.62 308.94 461.89 698.00 1082.70

East North Central ............................................. 55.14 82.86 125.57 176.50 246.56 201.96 304.38 458.19 682.10 1031.72

West North Central ............................................ 55.82 88.14 131.79 180.40 260.48 174.32 319.84 483.93 793.96 1177.16

West ...................................................................... 44.17 76.18 115.00 170.27 229.94 226.82 327.17 476.71 736.32 1014.52

Mountain ............................................................ 48.08 75.65 114.54 181.96 253.35 228.97 315.27 471.14 704.54 1033.31

Pacific ................................................................ 43.23 76.42 115.00 164.45 218.30 220.08 338.00 483.11 754.55 1000.19

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $2.69 $1.46 $1.67 $2.52 $4.90 $4.46 $6.28 $7.47 $16.89 $15.80

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.34 2.01 3.17 2.99 9.81 10.31 7.26 10.80 16.48 39.66

Management, business, and financial ............... 4.19 3.09 2.85 4.76 6.54 5.19 17.62 5.45 30.16 56.96

Professional and related .................................... 5.39 3.65 3.58 4.36 9.16 14.89 10.69 13.53 25.51 35.83

Service ................................................................... – 10.45 5.88 11.39 22.19 21.14 13.74 33.19 32.49 38.23

Protective service .............................................. – – 37.72 9.75 – – – 72.98 – 126.80

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.18 4.46 2.09 2.87 6.62 9.45 11.83 13.04 28.97 14.35

Sales and related ............................................... 4.28 9.03 4.22 7.92 10.14 11.14 14.42 19.70 45.22 48.58

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.93 5.69 2.36 3.01 9.27 11.61 12.35 13.97 24.43 19.45

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.75 6.65 7.38 4.92 18.88 12.03 18.65 23.56 56.48 47.56

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 7.90 10.90 12.91 13.84 30.04 20.10 5.31 28.45 74.83 66.41

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4.23 4.44 5.42 5.50 23.51 15.77 5.12 32.88 57.29 103.61

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.80 2.73 1.59 5.42 6.54 12.45 8.73 11.89 24.46 32.36

Production ......................................................... 3.97 5.19 4.98 7.41 8.23 6.53 22.34 11.46 31.94 43.00

Transportation and material moving .................. 8.93 4.26 1.93 6.43 15.33 14.36 16.41 23.02 29.86 55.47

Full time ................................................................. 1.69 1.26 1.50 2.48 3.84 4.69 6.47 8.16 17.91 19.00

Part time ................................................................ – – 14.53 7.10 30.98 36.53 29.79 36.79 47.77 112.80

Union ..................................................................... 8.73 3.01 4.21 9.47 3.76 15.02 8.60 25.59 20.32 57.80

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.37 1.84 1.58 2.00 8.01 5.19 7.35 8.18 16.16 22.65

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 8.80 7.00 3.19 4.82 16.78 21.45 8.31 15.89 19.07 53.86

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 17.28 11.55 7.61 41.62 24.05 62.96 71.14 167.80

Second 25 percent ............................................ 4.13 3.77 2.38 4.42 7.47 9.04 13.56 18.90 27.71 31.03

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.49 1.63 4.96 2.46 9.46 7.98 7.81 10.65 26.36 26.91

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.50 2.06 2.16 4.00 8.01 6.93 6.24 7.07 21.05 36.37

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.65 4.89 4.03 5.60 6.76 6.27 11.88 12.58 25.81 36.31

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3.91 3.41 4.07 5.30 8.99 11.56 5.16 12.41 25.53 31.92

Construction ...................................................... 8.34 5.43 8.35 12.70 20.88 18.11 17.59 32.73 92.16 43.88

Manufacturing .................................................... 3.59 4.99 4.76 6.51 5.39 5.14 9.93 8.20 30.21 60.51

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.91 1.78 1.65 2.87 6.47 3.60 7.93 6.73 15.45 24.03

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.71 2.95 4.01 2.71 6.20 3.68 10.90 7.25 19.95 38.62

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.69 4.13 5.99 5.52 9.25 5.09 12.84 33.83 46.81 57.94

Retail trade .................................................... 3.68 5.78 2.52 7.27 16.89 25.96 25.08 26.15 37.72 65.66

Transportation and warehousing ................... 9.68 11.61 9.66 18.17 12.42 21.80 19.52 15.49 43.83 31.59

Utilities ........................................................... 1.12 5.03 8.46 17.43 8.16 5.31 32.18 24.83 40.21 94.17

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage,

private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... $8.02 $6.23 $2.67 $9.87 $5.12 $47.00 $23.32 $14.55 $11.07 $42.68

Financial activities ............................................. 6.07 5.03 2.19 6.08 15.01 6.45 11.28 14.50 55.68 32.93

Finance and insurance .................................. 5.99 6.33 1.78 2.72 3.87 9.16 9.43 9.17 33.37 12.05

Credit intermediation and related activities 6.49 8.04 2.16 7.35 12.08 19.99 20.02 18.50 31.36 17.32

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 10.27 13.14 2.32 10.40 13.98 10.28 9.11 14.24 38.26 49.77

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.56 19.68 17.58 32.90 41.26 82.38 52.21 – 64.26 49.22

Professional and business services .................. 5.06 4.87 1.51 8.96 9.03 6.32 24.15 20.49 37.54 50.54

Professional and technical services .............. 6.41 5.23 5.67 6.97 5.90 5.93 21.02 18.00 31.81 36.81

Administrative and waste services ................ 8.76 7.14 5.14 9.91 20.89 47.05 24.54 49.69 55.86 53.95

Education and health services ........................... 1.17 5.37 4.63 5.01 13.02 29.76 22.00 35.31 76.10 55.98

Educational services ...................................... 9.82 3.99 7.79 11.78 50.76 24.03 12.21 25.95 70.96 56.34

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.76 5.87 6.26 15.03 13.69 25.59 10.57 25.29 8.44 191.74

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.26 8.97 5.13 7.39 14.97 26.06 19.33 44.47 92.57 62.80

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 19.52 4.64 4.48 18.61 – 49.29 36.49 72.98 162.45

Accommodation and food services ................ – – 8.91 17.06 19.07 – 54.37 52.87 95.93 147.48

Other services ................................................... 3.37 18.36 9.11 28.85 12.59 64.15 62.54 65.32 138.87 27.15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.10 3.86 2.47 2.87 6.45 10.60 15.74 8.40 37.94 27.87

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.46 4.63 2.80 4.39 6.31 13.64 16.37 16.78 46.53 31.89

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.11 5.06 5.82 5.75 15.86 20.74 15.87 35.35 47.56 67.91

100 workers or more .............................................. 4.14 2.75 2.72 3.20 4.50 5.06 4.19 9.03 23.40 21.63

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.34 3.31 3.26 3.07 9.61 5.35 10.23 11.73 25.45 34.60

500 workers or more .......................................... 5.07 5.04 3.61 6.97 5.59 13.85 14.88 15.50 26.44 35.43

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.59 5.24 2.91 2.41 14.20 17.56 10.84 9.53 25.04 17.17

New England ..................................................... 3.74 8.51 10.72 11.53 50.01 41.91 23.13 30.60 46.88 59.57

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.77 2.89 3.91 5.25 15.60 18.73 12.55 18.22 29.82 25.39

South ..................................................................... 3.35 5.09 1.89 5.05 3.95 10.43 9.93 13.14 32.26 56.67

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.56 5.47 3.57 6.38 7.34 15.20 10.81 14.31 46.38 71.06

East South Central ............................................ 7.70 9.33 4.03 0.54 9.42 9.92 11.74 27.49 13.08 93.96

West South Central ........................................... 4.70 8.29 3.59 5.75 7.44 13.04 18.03 18.30 26.74 96.58

Midwest ................................................................. 2.78 3.13 2.98 4.71 9.63 14.95 14.48 14.00 20.52 29.42

East North Central ............................................. 3.90 2.11 1.31 5.78 8.81 4.65 9.93 13.36 11.50 39.20

West North Central ............................................ 3.10 7.66 9.27 10.21 8.20 36.20 47.60 44.04 83.34 58.04

West ...................................................................... 4.79 4.03 2.98 2.94 10.23 7.36 15.11 14.65 18.22 55.54

Mountain ............................................................ 1.69 3.22 11.49 7.31 9.94 24.50 17.93 53.09 18.40 51.09

Pacific ................................................................ 7.40 7.73 3.91 5.76 10.57 10.46 17.99 13.09 31.37 74.99

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 56 55 98 42 41 98 34 33 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 78 77 99 58 57 99 59 57 96

Management, business, and financial ............... 83 82 99 66 65 98 64 61 95

Professional and related .................................... 75 74 99 53 53 99 56 54 97

Service ................................................................... 28 27 94 22 21 96 13 12 95

Protective service .............................................. 32 27 84 30 27 88 – 10 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 55 54 98 42 40 97 32 31 97

Sales and related ............................................... 40 39 97 34 32 97 19 18 95

Office and administrative support ...................... 65 64 98 47 46 97 40 39 97

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 53 53 99 36 35 99 26 25 97

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 45 44 99 29 29 98 19 18 98

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 62 61 98 43 42 99 33 32 97

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 64 62 98 48 47 98 31 30 97

Production ......................................................... 69 68 99 54 54 99 37 35 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 59 57 97 43 41 96 25 24 97

Full time ................................................................. 70 70 99 51 50 98 44 43 97

Part time ................................................................ 13 12 88 16 15 94 4 4 90

Union ..................................................................... 82 80 97 66 63 96 39 37 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 54 53 98 40 39 98 34 32 97

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 25 23 94 17 17 96 8 7 94

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 13 12 88 8 8 98 3 3 92

Second 25 percent ............................................ 55 54 98 42 41 97 29 28 97

Third 25 percent ................................................ 70 70 99 52 51 98 45 43 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 83 83 99 64 63 99 63 61 96

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 88 99 70 69 99 71 68 96

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 69 69 99 53 53 99 39 38 97

Construction ...................................................... 45 45 98 29 28 97 17 17 99

Manufacturing .................................................... 81 80 99 65 65 100 49 47 97

Service-providing industries .................................. 53 52 98 40 39 97 33 32 96

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 56 54 97 42 41 96 23 22 95

Wholesale trade ............................................. 72 71 99 53 53 98 41 40 97

Retail trade .................................................... 42 40 96 35 33 95 12 11 90

Transportation and warehousing ................... 73 70 96 50 48 95 29 28 97

Utilities ........................................................... 96 96 100 59 58 98 91 90 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 79 79 100 75 73 98 72 71 98

Financial activities ............................................. 80 79 99 67 66 98 65 63 96

Finance and insurance .................................. 89 89 100 77 75 98 77 73 95

Credit intermediation and related activities 92 92 99 77 75 98 85 80 94

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 86 85 100 74 73 99 69 67 98

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 52 51 99 40 39 99 33 32 99

Professional and business services .................. 58 56 97 44 43 99 43 41 96

Professional and technical services .............. 75 75 99 60 59 99 60 58 97

Administrative and waste services ................ 30 27 91 21 21 97 14 14 95

Education and health services ........................... 61 60 99 38 37 97 40 39 96

Educational services ...................................... 64 64 100 41 41 100 53 51 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 85 99 51 50 99 79 77 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 60 59 98 37 36 97 39 37 96

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 20 19 95 16 16 97 5 5 100

Accommodation and food services ................ 19 18 95 16 15 97 4 4 100

Other services ................................................... 32 31 98 25 24 99 19 19 100

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 39 98 30 30 99 24 23 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 35 35 99 29 29 99 22 22 98

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 57 55 97 34 34 98 30 29 96

100 workers or more .............................................. 75 73 98 56 54 97 46 44 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 69 68 98 50 49 98 37 36 97

500 workers or more .......................................... 82 80 97 63 62 97 58 55 95

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 54 54 99 67 67 99 34 33 97

New England ..................................................... 62 62 99 47 46 98 43 42 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 51 51 99 74 74 100 31 30 97

South ..................................................................... 54 53 98 32 31 96 31 30 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 54 52 97 32 31 97 32 30 95

East South Central ............................................ 55 55 99 34 33 97 33 31 94

West South Central ........................................... 54 52 98 32 30 95 29 28 97

Midwest ................................................................. 60 58 97 45 43 97 39 37 95

East North Central ............................................. 61 60 98 46 45 97 40 38 96

West North Central ............................................ 56 55 97 41 39 95 38 36 94

West ...................................................................... 57 57 99 33 33 99 33 33 99

Mountain ............................................................ 61 60 99 38 38 99 36 35 98

Pacific ................................................................ 56 55 99 31 31 99 32 32 99

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2020

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.5 1.4 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.5 0.4 1.9 1.9 0.5 1.9 1.6 0.9

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.8 0.2 2.0 2.0 0.3 1.9 1.9 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 4.4 4.0 7.6 4.4 3.9 8.4 – 2.8 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 1.3 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.0 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 1.5 0.2 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.5 1.5 0.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.5 2.5 0.2 2.1 2.1 0.8 2.0 2.0 0.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 2.2 0.4 2.7 2.7 0.4 2.5 2.4 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.4 0.3 2.2 2.1 0.4 1.9 1.8 0.4

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.2 0.2 3.0 3.0 0.3 2.9 2.8 0.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.8 0.6 2.6 2.4 0.8 2.0 1.9 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 1.0 2.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.5 0.5 4.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 2.0 0.6 2.0 2.1 0.7 2.3 2.2 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.2 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.7 4.9 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 4.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.6 1.6 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.2 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.9 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 1.2 0.2 2.1 2.1 0.2 2.1 2.1 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 1.4 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.2 1.9 1.9 0.5

Construction ...................................................... 2.4 2.3 0.7 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.3 1.4 0.2 2.3 2.3 0.1 2.4 2.3 0.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.1 0.4 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.6 1.6 0.2 2.4 2.3 0.5 2.3 2.4 0.8

Retail trade .................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.3 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.9 2.9 0.8 3.5 3.4 1.1 2.5 2.4 0.7

Utilities ........................................................... 1.7 1.7 0.0 6.5 6.7 2.0 4.3 4.2 0.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

Information ......................................................... 3.3 3.3 0.2 3.8 3.7 0.8 4.4 4.4 0.8

Financial activities ............................................. 2.2 2.2 0.2 1.9 1.8 0.3 2.1 2.0 0.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.2 1.3 0.1 1.9 1.8 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.1 2.1 0.1 3.0 2.9 0.4 1.8 1.6 1.1

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 1.9 0.4 2.3 2.3 0.8 1.8 1.8 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6.4 6.2 0.7 4.1 3.9 0.9 5.4 5.4 0.7

Professional and business services .................. 2.6 2.7 1.0 3.0 3.0 0.6 2.8 2.7 1.4

Professional and technical services .............. 2.7 2.6 0.3 4.0 3.9 0.5 3.7 3.7 0.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.0 3.0 4.4 1.8 1.8 2.3 1.7 1.7 3.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.8 2.9 0.8 1.9 2.0 1.3 1.9 2.0 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 2.7 2.7 0.1 2.7 2.8 0.2 3.6 3.5 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.2 0.2 2.1 2.0 0.2 2.4 2.2 0.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 3.2 0.9 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.2 1.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.9 1.6 4.3 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.1 0.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.3 1.9 4.2 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.3 0.2

Other services ................................................... 3.0 3.1 1.2 3.3 3.2 1.4 3.0 3.0 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 1.1 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.1 1.1 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 2.1 1.2 2.0 2.0 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.5 0.4 1.4 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.2 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 1.6 0.2 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.5 1.5 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.0 2.1 0.8 2.2 2.1 0.8 2.3 2.1 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 2.1 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.1 2.0 2.0 0.6

New England ..................................................... 3.7 3.8 0.4 3.3 3.3 0.2 2.4 2.3 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.7 2.7 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.1 2.6 2.6 0.5

South ..................................................................... 1.8 1.6 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.6 2.2 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.3 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.6 2.6 0.2 2.8 3.1 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.4

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 3.1 0.6 3.1 2.9 1.1 1.7 1.7 0.9

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 2.3 1.0 2.2 2.1 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 2.6 1.0 2.8 2.8 0.4 2.3 2.0 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 4.1 4.6 2.2 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.2 2.9 3.1

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.6 0.2 1.7 1.7 0.3 2.0 1.9 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 2.1 0.1 1.8 1.8 0.2 3.4 3.3 0.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 0.3 2.4 2.4 0.4 2.4 2.4 0.4

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 4 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3 97

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97

Professional and related .................................... 3 97

Service ................................................................... 3 97

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 95

Sales and related ............................................... 6 94

Office and administrative support ...................... 4 96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4 96

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 95

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 4 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4 96

Production ......................................................... 4 96

Transportation and material moving .................. 4 96

Full time ................................................................. 4 96

Part time ................................................................ 2 98

Union ..................................................................... 3 97

Nonunion ............................................................... 4 96

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 96

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4 96

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ 3 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3 97

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 5 95

Construction ...................................................... 8 92

Manufacturing .................................................... 3 97

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 97

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 6 94

Wholesale trade ............................................. 4 96

Retail trade .................................................... 8 92

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6 94

Utilities ........................................................... – 100

Financial activities ............................................. 3 97

Finance and insurance .................................. 4 96

Credit intermediation and related activities 3 97

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 5 95

Professional and business services .................. 2 98

Education and health services ........................... 1 99

Educational services ...................................... 3 97

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4 96

Health care and social assistance ................. 1 99

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6 94

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 94

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 97

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 96

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 96

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 97

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4 96

New England ..................................................... 5 95

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 97

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 3 97

East South Central ............................................ 5 95

West South Central ........................................... 7 93

Midwest ................................................................. 3 97

East North Central ............................................. 2 98

West North Central ............................................ 4 96

West ...................................................................... 3 97

Mountain ............................................................ 4 96

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no

workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.3 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.5

Service ................................................................... 0.8 0.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4

Sales and related ............................................... 0.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.5 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.6 2.6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.7 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.7

Production ......................................................... 1.0 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.9 0.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 0.5 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.3 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.8 0.8

Construction ...................................................... 1.5 1.5

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.8 0.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.1 1.1

Retail trade .................................................... 1.2 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.1 2.1

Utilities ........................................................... – 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 0.4 0.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.5 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.6 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.8 0.8

Professional and business services .................. 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.4 0.4

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.2 2.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.7 2.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 0.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 1.4 1.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.6 0.6

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.4 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.4 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 1.2

West ...................................................................... 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 1.4 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 0.4 0.4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry workers, 

March 2020

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 60 2 35 2 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 71 1 25 2 1

Management, business, and financial ............... 75 1 22 1 1

Professional and related .................................... 68 2 26 2 2

Service ................................................................... 49 3 45 – –

Protective service .............................................. 51 – 47 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 65 2 30 2 1 ( )

Sales and related ............................................... 63 2 33 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 66 2 29 2 1 ( )

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 – 58 3 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 18 – 77 4 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 51 2 44 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 48 2 45 5 1 ( )

Production ......................................................... 45 – 48 5 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 52 2 42 4 1

Full time ................................................................. 61 2 35 2 1

Part time ................................................................ 48 – 40 7 –

Union ..................................................................... 43 5 42 10 1 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 62 2 34 1 1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 44 – 51 4 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 29 – 67 4 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 56 3 39 2 1 ( )

Third 25 percent ................................................ 59 2 36 3 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 69 2 26 2 1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 74 1 21 1 2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 48 1 47 3 1 ( )

Construction ...................................................... 19 – 79 2 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 56 – 39 4 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 63 2 32 2 1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 55 4 37 4 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 50 – 45 2 –

Retail trade .................................................... 52 6 37 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 61 – 33 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 76 4 17 3 –

Information ......................................................... 78 – 12 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 82 2 16 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 86 2 11 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 88 19––

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 86 3 10 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 58 – 40 – –

Professional and business services .................. 68 1 29 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 65 2 31 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 59 – 39 3 –

Education and health services ........................... 65 – 29 4 –

Educational services ...................................... 64 2 31 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 74 3 22 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 65 – 29 4 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 30 – 70 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 24 – 76 – –

Other services ................................................... 51 – 47 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 51 1 45 2 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 54 – 44 1 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 47 – 48 3 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 65 3 28 3 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 58 – 36 3 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 74 2 20 3 2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 67 3 25 4 1

New England ..................................................... 69 – 23 5 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 66 3 26 4 1

South ..................................................................... 60 2 35 2 1

South Atlantic .................................................... 60 2 34 2 1

East South Central ............................................ 60 – 35 – –

West South Central ........................................... 59 – 38 1 –

Midwest ................................................................. 57 1 38 3 1 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 58 – 37 3 –

West North Central ............................................ 56 – 41 2 –

West ...................................................................... 57 1 39 1 1

Mountain ............................................................ 57 – 40 2 –

Pacific ................................................................ 57 1 38 1 2

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 0.4 1.7 0.5 0.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 0.5 2.2 0.7 0.3

Service ................................................................... 3.7 1.6 3.4 – –

Protective service .............................................. 10.6 – 10.5 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.3 0.4 0.1

Sales and related ............................................... 2.1 0.5 2.2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 0.3 1.5 0.6 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.7 – 2.7 0.6 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4.4 – 4.5 1.1 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.0 1.1 2.9 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.0 0.6 2.3 0.6 0.1

Production ......................................................... 2.1 – 2.9 1.0 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.0 0.5 2.8 0.8 0.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 3.8 – 3.3 1.3 –

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 1.7 2.6 1.1 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.1 – 3.1 0.8 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.3 – 5.4 1.0 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 0.7 1.5 0.5 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.4 1.4 0.5 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.3 1.5 0.3 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 0.5 1.7 0.3 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 0.5 2.0 0.6 0.2

Construction ...................................................... 2.5 – 2.7 0.9 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.7 – 2.2 0.8 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 0.4 1.2 0.4 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 2.0 0.7 1.8 0.5 0.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.4 – 2.8 0.7 –

Retail trade .................................................... 2.0 1.4 2.1 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.8 – 4.1 – –

Utilities ........................................................... 3.5 0.7 2.7 1.1 –

Information ......................................................... 3.3 – 3.3 – –

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 0.4 1.7 – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.1 0.4 0.9 – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.6 0.5 1.2 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.8 0.9 1.5 – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 9.0 – 9.0 – –

Professional and business services .................. 3.3 0.4 3.2 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 4.6 0.8 4.2 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.8 – 4.3 1.2 –

Education and health services ........................... 3.8 – 2.9 1.2 –

Educational services ...................................... 3.4 0.7 3.0 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 1.1 2.3 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.3 – 3.3 1.4 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 6.9 – 6.9 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 6.0 – 6.0 – –

Other services ................................................... 5.7 – 5.4 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 0.3 1.9 0.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 – 2.4 0.3 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 – 3.1 0.8 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 – 1.8 0.8 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 0.8 1.6 0.5 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.4 1.2 2.3 0.8 0.4

New England ..................................................... 3.9 – 2.0 2.2 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.3 1.5 3.3 0.6 0.5

South ..................................................................... 1.7 0.5 1.4 0.7 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.6 0.6 1.9 1.2 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 4.7 – 4.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 – 1.7 0.5 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 0.5 2.1 0.5 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 – 2.8 0.6 –

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 – 2.1 0.8 –

West ...................................................................... 2.5 0.4 2.7 0.3 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 3.2 – 3.2 0.6 –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.3 0.5 3.6 0.3 0.4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, private industry

workers, March 2020

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 1 66 8 21 4 1.3 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 61 8 25 5 1.4 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 57 9 26 – 1.4 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1 64 7 25 4 1.4 1.0

Service ................................................................... – 78 – 8 1 1.2 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 90 – 3 – 1.1 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 68 8 20 4 1.3 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 76 5 15 – 1.2 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 65 9 22 5 1.3 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 68 10 16 – 1.4 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 74 – 6 – 1.2 1.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 66 8 19 – 1.4 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 68 9 20 – 1.3 1.0

Production ......................................................... – 57 10 29 – 1.4 1.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 78 8 – 1 1.2 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 65 9 21 4 1.3 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 78 6 14 – 1.2 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 1 74 4 19 3 1.3 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 65 9 21 4 1.3 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 82 6 11 1 1.2 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 86 – 10 – 1.1 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1 70 12 14 3 1.3 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 65 8 21 5 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 60 8 27 4 1.4 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 56 8 32 4 1.4 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 54 12 28 – 1.5 1.0

Construction ...................................................... – 65 – – – 1.6 1.0

Manufacturing .................................................... – 52 13 30 – 1.5 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 68 8 20 3 1.3 1.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 70 8 18 – 1.3 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 58 6 28 – 1.4 1.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 82 7 9 – 1.2 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 67 11 – – 1.3 1.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 54 – 30 5 1.5 1.0

Information ......................................................... 2 59 – 35 – 1.4 1.0

Financial activities ............................................. 3 ( ) 66 4 24 5 1.4 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 1 65 5 24 5 1.4 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 1 68 4 21 6 1.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 60 6 30 – 1.4 1.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 73 – 24 – 1.3 1.0

Professional and business services .................. – 62 9 25 – 1.4 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 64 – 21 – 1.3 1.0

Administrative and waste services ................ – 63 6 – – 1.5 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1 74 10 12 3 1.2 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 5 59 10 19 8 1.4 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7 59 10 17 7 1.3 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 77 – 11 – 1.2 1.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 84 – – – 1.1 1.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 95 – – – 1.0 1.0

Other services ................................................... – 49 – – – 1.6 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 63 13 17 5 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2 59 16 18 5 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 72 8 15 – 1.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 67 6 23 3 1.3 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 68 7 22 – 1.3 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 67 5 24 3 1.3 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3 64 9 19 5 1.4 1.0

New England ..................................................... – 58 – 29 3 1.4 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3 67 10 15 5 1.3 1.0

South ..................................................................... 1 68 7 21 3 1.3 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1 70 8 19 3 1.3 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 76 4 17 – 1.2 1.0

West South Central ........................................... – 62 5 29 – 1.4 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 68 7 20 – 1.3 1.0

East North Central ............................................. – 69 6 21 – 1.3 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 65 9 19 – 1.4 1.0

West ...................................................................... – 61 12 23 – 1.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 65 – 20 3 1.3 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 60 12 25 – 1.4 1.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 2.0 0.9 1.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 1.9 1.2 1.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.2 2.6 1.1 2.2 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 5.6 – 1.8 0.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 4.7 – 1.5 – 0.1 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.2 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.1 1.3 1.5 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.2 2.4 2.2 1.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 3.1 1.7 2.3 – 0.1 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 9.1 – 2.6 – 0.1 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 3.2 1.3 2.6 – 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 2.1 1.2 2.1 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Production ......................................................... – 2.3 1.6 2.3 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. – 3.9 1.9 – 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 3.4 1.8 3.1 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 4.1 1.0 4.3 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 2.8 1.5 2.2 0.3 2 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 3.6 – 2.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.2 2.4 2.7 1.2 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 2.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 1.6 0.8 1.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.3 2.5 1.1 2.4 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... – 2.2 1.5 2.0 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Construction ...................................................... – 5.9 – – – 0.2 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... – 2.2 1.6 2.3 – 2 ( ) 0.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... – 2.1 1.2 2.2 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 3.9 1.5 3.2 – 0.1 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 1.9 1.2 1.5 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 5.5 3.0 – – 2 ( ) 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – 5.9 – 4.7 2.5 0.1 0.1

Information ......................................................... 0.9 5.1 – 5.4 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 0.1 1.8 0.7 1.8 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.1 1.8 0.8 1.9 0.7 2 ( ) 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.2 2.5 0.9 2.5 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas,

private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 3.3 1.3 2.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 6.8 – 6.4 – 0.1 0.0

Professional and business services .................. – 3.0 2.0 2.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 4.0 – 3.3 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Administrative and waste services ................ – 8.2 2.6 – – 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 3.7 3.0 2.6 1.1 0.1 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 3.4 1.6 3.9 2.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.4 3.1 1.5 3.2 1.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.3 – 3.0 – 0.1 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 5.7 – – – 0.1 0.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2.6 – – – 2 ( ) 0.0

Other services ................................................... – 10.6 – – – 0.1 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 2.6 2.2 1.6 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 3.3 3.0 2.3 1.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 2.6 1.7 2.4 – 2 ( ) 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 1.3 0.6 1.2 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.6 0.9 1.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 2.1 0.8 2.1 0.8 2 ( ) 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 3.0 1.7 2.4 1.6 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 5.4 – 6.3 1.5 0.1 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 3.0 2.0 1.8 2.3 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.2 2.0 1.1 1.9 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.3 2.5 1.7 2.5 0.6 2 ( ) 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – 3.7 1.7 2.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 4.1 1.9 3.8 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 1.7 1.2 2.1 – 2 ( ) 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.0 1.3 2.7 – 2 ( ) 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 3.1 2.6 2.4 – 2 ( ) 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 2.5 2.7 1.9 – 2 ( ) 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 6.3 – 3.5 1.2 2 ( ) 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 2.3 1.9 2.2 – 2 ( ) 0.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 81 $50,000 – $250,000 $700,000 – 19

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 80 50,000 $100,000 – 1,000,000 $2,000,000 20

Management, business, and financial ............... 80 50,000 100,000 300,000 750,000 – 20

Professional and related .................................... 80 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 2,000,000 20

Service ................................................................... 92 50,000 – 200,000 – – 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,500,000 18

Sales and related ............................................... 86 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 1,000,000 14

Office and administrative support ...................... 81 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 19

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 85 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,500,000 15

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 84 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 16

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 70 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 30

Production ......................................................... 71 50,000 – 250,000 – 1,000,000 29

Transportation and material moving .................. 70 50,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 600,000 30

Full time ................................................................. 81 50,000 – 250,000 650,000 – 19

Part time ................................................................ 74 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 – 26

Union ..................................................................... 76 – – 150,000 500,000 – 24

Nonunion ............................................................... 81 50,000 – 250,000 750,000 – 19

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 81 50,000 50,000 150,000 500,000 1,000,000 19

Second 25 percent ............................................ 82 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 – 18

Third 25 percent ................................................ 81 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 19

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 79 50,000 100,000 350,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 21

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 79 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 2,000,000 21

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 72 50,000 100,000 250,000 – 1,000,000 28

Construction ...................................................... 75 50,000 – 200,000 – – 25

Manufacturing .................................................... 71 50,000 – 250,000 700,000 – 29

Service-providing industries .................................. 82 50,000 – 250,000 750,000 – 18

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 77 50,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 23

Wholesale trade ............................................. 90 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 – 10

Retail trade .................................................... 80 50,000 50,000 50,000 – 1,000,000 20

Transportation and warehousing ................... 64 50,000 70,000 100,000 500,000 600,000 36

Utilities ........................................................... 70 – 300,000 600,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 30

Financial activities ............................................. 85 50,000 – 290,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 15

Finance and insurance .................................. 83 50,000 100,000 300,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 17

Credit intermediation and related activities 87 50,000 – – 650,000 2,000,000 13

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 74 – – 500,000 – 2,500,000 26

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Professional and business services .................. 75 $50,000 – $300,000 – $2,000,000 25

Professional and technical services .............. 79 50,000 – – – 2,000,000 21

Administrative and waste services ................ 80 50,000 – – – 2,000,000 20

Education and health services ........................... 88 50,000 $100,000 250,000 – – 12

Educational services ...................................... 85 50,000 50,000 – $500,000 500,000 15

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 500,000 11

Health care and social assistance ................. 89 50,000 100,000 300,000 – – 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 83 50,000 – 200,000 500,000 2,000,000 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 84 50,000 100,000 250,000 – 2,000,000 16

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 81 50,000 50,000 150,000 – – 19

100 workers or more .............................................. 79 50,000 – 300,000 750,000 1,500,000 21

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 81 50,000 50,000 200,000 500,000 1,000,000 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 78 50,000 100,000 400,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 22

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 78 50,000 100,000 200,000 600,000 1,000,000 22

New England ..................................................... 68 50,000 100,000 200,000 – 1,000,000 32

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 82 50,000 100,000 – 600,000 1,000,000 18

South ..................................................................... 83 50,000 50,000 250,000 750,000 – 17

South Atlantic .................................................... 84 50,000 50,000 250,000 – 2,000,000 16

East South Central ............................................ 80 50,000 – – – 1,000,000 20

West South Central ........................................... 82 50,000 – 250,000 750,000 2,000,000 18

Midwest ................................................................. 79 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 – 21

East North Central ............................................. 79 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 21

West North Central ............................................ 81 50,000 50,000 250,000 600,000 – 19

West ...................................................................... 81 50,000 100,000 – 1,000,000 2,000,000 19

Mountain ............................................................ 78 50,000 – – 1,000,000 – 22

Pacific ................................................................ 82 50,000 – – – 2,000,000 18

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March

2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 $0.00 – $12,903.49 $115,231.83 – 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 0.00 $0.00 – 172,636.90 $302,613.62 1.7

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 50,389.73 – 1.9

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 0.00 23,262.09 – 0.00 258,069.76 2.3

Service ................................................................... 1.5 0.00 – 47,847.41 – – 1.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.5 0.00 0.00 4,562.07 0.00 308,741.40 1.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 0.00 – 4,562.07 0.00 – 2.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 0.00 0.00 51,613.95 0.00 322,716.21 2.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.7 0.00 0.00 34,139.42 144,265.38 – 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.1 0.00 – 53,979.16 0.00 18,248.29 2.1

Production ......................................................... 2.6 0.00 – 48,280.43 – 0.00 2.6

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.2 0.00 14,598.63 22,349.50 18,248.29 74,684.34 3.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.00 – 12,903.49 128,144.69 – 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 3.5 0.00 0.00 – 83,624.16 – 3.5

Union ..................................................................... 3.0 – – 25,351.33 68,278.84 – 3.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.00 – 27,372.43 138,824.98 – 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.4 0.00 0.00 34,309.69 36,496.58 204,022.06 3.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 0.00 4,562.07 13,686.22 0.00 – 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.5 0.00 – 27,250.50 54,744.86 – 1.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 0.00 0.00 86,679.37 138,374.49 91,241.44 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 0.00 11,174.75 – 72,420.65 0.00 2.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.4 0.00 22,349.50 41,812.08 – 91,241.44 2.4

Construction ...................................................... 3.9 3,649.66 – 55,500.00 – – 3.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.5 0.00 – 42,796.03 178,563.01 – 2.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 0.00 – 15,908.49 129,517.86 – 1.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 13,897.48 0.00 284,901.30 1.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.4 0.00 – 57,344.35 52,015.62 – 2.4

Retail trade .................................................... 2.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 258,714.13 2.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.1 0.00 8,160.88 0.00 139,870.48 44,465.58 4.1

Utilities ........................................................... 5.0 – 87,515.71 152,948.52 0.00 91,241.44 5.0

Financial activities ............................................. 1.1 0.00 – 55,559.97 265,228.67 0.00 1.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.0 0.00 0.00 31,764.60 0.00 0.00 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.4 0.00 – – 152,403.25 223,494.97 1.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.3 – – 52,477.71 – 258,069.76 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 $0.00 – $52,318.83 – $0.00 2.7

Professional and technical services .............. 4.4 0.00 – – – 0.00 4.4

Administrative and waste services ................ 5.1 0.00 – – – 0.00 5.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 0.00 $0.00 56,613.82 – – 2.1

Educational services ...................................... 3.8 0.00 12,903.49 – $113,594.67 0.00 3.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.3 0.00 0.00 29,565.61 48,280.43 36,496.58 2.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 0.00 0.00 87,515.71 – – 2.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 0.00 – 27,914.51 147,405.05 321,812.06 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 0.00 25,580.17 56,687.30 – 0.00 2.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 0.00 8,312.49 13,686.22 – – 3.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 0.00 – 15,803.48 31,606.96 72,993.15 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 0.00 0.00 17,668.83 0.00 0.00 1.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 0.00 0.00 101,191.65 0.00 223,494.97 1.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.9 0.00 0.00 37,062.45 162,065.96 0.00 2.9

New England ..................................................... 8.0 0.00 18,522.69 41,812.08 – 0.00 8.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 – 164,866.99 0.00 1.9

South ..................................................................... 2.0 0.00 3,649.66 32,948.14 143,542.24 – 2.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 0.00 3,649.66 50,792.89 – 516,139.52 2.3

East South Central ............................................ 5.1 0.00 – – – 223,494.97 5.1

West South Central ........................................... 4.6 0.00 – 71,407.72 146,839.20 499,749.94 4.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.00 – 22,349.50 0.00 – 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 0.00 – 32,897.57 0.00 158,034.81 2.3

West North Central ............................................ 2.7 0.00 0.00 56,980.26 151,306.81 – 2.7

West ...................................................................... 1.9 0.00 14,655.55 – 202,177.52 0.00 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 4.2 0.00 – – 0.00 – 4.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 0.00 – – – 0.00 2.0

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 private industry

workers, March 2020

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 – $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 $50,000 52,000

Management, business, and financial ............... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 52,000

Service ................................................................... 10,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. – 10,000 – – 50,000

Sales and office ..................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Sales and related ............................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 10,000 10,000 20,000 – 50,000

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Production ......................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Transportation and material moving .................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ 5,000 7,500 10,000 25,000 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 10,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 10,000 10,000 15,000 25,000 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 10,000 – – 50,000 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Construction ...................................................... 10,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Manufacturing .................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 35,000 50,000

Service-providing industries .................................. 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 50,000

Wholesale trade ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Retail trade .................................................... – 10,000 20,000 25,000 25,000

Transportation and warehousing ................... 10,000 – 20,000 35,000 50,000

Utilities ........................................................... 10,000 10,000 12,500 50,000 50,000

Information ......................................................... – – 50,000 50,000 50,000

Financial activities ............................................. 12,500 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Finance and insurance .................................. 15,000 – – 50,000 50,000

Credit intermediation and related activities 12,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – $25,000 – $50,000 $50,000

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ $10,000 15,000 – – 50,000

Professional and business services .................. 10,000 15,000 $25,000 50,000 –

Professional and technical services .............. 15,000 – 50,000 50,000 –

Administrative and waste services ................ – 10,000 – 30,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... 10,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 10,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10,000 – – 50,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. 10,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 10,000 10,000 15,000 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 10,000 10,000 15,000 – –

Other services ................................................... – – 20,000 – 50,000

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 10,000 – 20,000 40,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 10,000 – 20,000 30,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 10,000 – 20,000 50,000 52,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 10,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

New England ..................................................... – – 25,000 – 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 10,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

South ..................................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 – 25,000 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 25,000 – 50,000

West ...................................................................... 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 10,000 – 20,000 – 50,000

Pacific ................................................................ – – 20,000 – 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $1,865.44 $0.00 – $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 $0.00 2,606.38

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.00 3,871.05 0.00 0.00 6,744.46

Professional and related .................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,280.77

Service ................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,072.27

Protective service .............................................. – 2,234.95 – – 0.00

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 3,972.93 0.00

Sales and related ............................................... 1,442.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,482.64 0.00

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.00 0.00 1,299.99 – 0.00

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.00 – 0.00 6,287.06 5,561.99

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Production ......................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.00 3,325.00 0.00 – 0.00

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,106.26 0.00

Part time ................................................................ 0.00 1,303.19 2,040.22 1,824.83 6,704.85

Union ..................................................................... 1,368.62 0.00 0.00 1,340.97 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,858.88 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,533.77 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 645.17 0.00 0.00 7,356.12 –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 182.48 0.00 0.00 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.00 547.45 5,627.46 7,455.05 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 1,290.35 0.00 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.00 – – 0.00 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.00 524.14 0.00 2,448.26 0.00

Construction ...................................................... 0.00 0.00 2,048.37 0.00 2,227.49

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,939.15 0.00

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1,067.95 – 0.00 0.00 2,088.61

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,234.95 0.00

Retail trade .................................................... – 0.00 3,026.14 6,888.58 1,824.83

Transportation and warehousing ................... 1,459.86 – 2,580.70 4,960.72 8,412.04

Utilities ........................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Information ......................................................... – – 0.00 0.00 0.00

Financial activities ............................................. 2,809.29 2,885.31 0.00 0.00 0.00

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00

Credit intermediation and related activities 2,064.56 – 5,983.10 0.00 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – $0.00 – $0.00 $0.00

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ $1,290.35 456.21 – – 0.00

Professional and business services .................. 0.00 1,290.35 $2,414.02 0.00 –

Professional and technical services .............. 4,029.11 – 12,708.46 0.00 –

Administrative and waste services ................ – 0.00 – 8,199.55 0.00

Education and health services ........................... 0.00 – 3,289.76 0.00 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 0.00 3,192.15 0.00 0.00 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – – 0.00 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.00 2,220.00 6,120.66 7,848.89 0.00

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1,513.07 0.00 2,040.22 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 1,290.35 0.00 2,040.22 – –

Other services ................................................... – – 4,652.42 – 0.00

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.00 1,322.21 1,290.35 6,096.13 0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.00 – 1,824.83 – 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 0.00 5,698.03 2,234.95 0.00

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.00 – 0.00 10,058.10 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.00 – 0.00 7,557.08 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 1,094.90 – 912.41 0.00 2,365.25

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2,906.87 912.41 0.00 0.00 0.00

New England ..................................................... – – 6,579.51 – 0.00

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2,723.52 1,340.97 0.00 0.00 0.00

South ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 6,161.33 0.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.00 4,029.11 1,580.35 2,351.13 0.00

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 – 1,824.83 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

Midwest ................................................................. 0.00 1,016.02 0.00 6,774.02 0.00

East North Central ............................................. 0.00 4,026.01 0.00 – 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 0.00 1,513.07 6,255.20 – 0.00

West ...................................................................... 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 – 0.00 – 0.00

Pacific ................................................................ – – 0.00 – 12,903.49

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 15 85

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Management, business, and financial ............... 9 91

Professional and related .................................... 13 87

Service ................................................................... 31 69

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 84

Sales and related ............................................... 17 83

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 84

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 11 89

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 13 87

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10 90

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 13 87

Production ......................................................... 12 88

Transportation and material moving .................. 15 85

Full time ................................................................. 12 88

Part time ................................................................ 43 57

Union ..................................................................... 12 88

Nonunion ............................................................... 16 84

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 30 70

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 44 56

Second 25 percent ............................................ 16 84

Third 25 percent ................................................ 13 87

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 11 89

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 11 89

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 10 90

Manufacturing .................................................... 8 92

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 83

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 18 82

Wholesale trade ............................................. 19 81

Retail trade .................................................... 22 78

Financial activities ............................................. 7 93

Finance and insurance .................................. 5 95

Credit intermediation and related activities 6 94

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3 97

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 21 79

Professional and business services .................. 14 86

Professional and technical services .............. 9 91

Administrative and waste services ................ 29 71

Education and health services ........................... 23 77

Educational services ...................................... 20 80

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 7 93

Health care and social assistance ................. 23 77

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 32 68

Accommodation and food services ................ 35 65

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 20 80

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 20 80

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 21 79

100 workers or more .............................................. 12 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 12 88

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 88

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 36 64

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 42 58

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

East South Central ............................................ 7 93

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 5 95

East North Central ............................................. 4 96

West North Central ............................................ 8 92

West ...................................................................... 7 93

Mountain ............................................................ 4 96

Pacific ................................................................ 9 91

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3

Service ................................................................... 2.4 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 1.8 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.0 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.8 1.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.4 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 1.8

Production ......................................................... 2.1 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 3.0 3.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.1 2.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8.0 8.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.5

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.9 1.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.4 3.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.6 1.6

Financial activities ............................................. 1.0 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.5 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.6 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.7 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.6 5.6

Professional and business services .................. 2.0 2.0

Professional and technical services .............. 2.1 2.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 4.1 4.1

Education and health services ........................... 2.0 2.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.4

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.3 2.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.5 4.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 5.9 5.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 1.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 2.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.1 3.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 1.6

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 0.6 0.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.4 1.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 2.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry

workers, March 2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 4 2 73 21 1 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 1 70 28 1 ( )

Management, business, and financial ............... 1 1 ( ) 61 38 1 ( )

Professional and related .................................... – 1 77 21 –

Service ................................................................... 3 1 93 4 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 86 13 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 2 – 70 26 –

Sales and related ............................................... 3 – 71 24 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 – 70 27 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15 4 69 13 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 28 3 63 6 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 4 73 18 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12 – 71 11 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 10 – 76 8 –

Full time ................................................................. 5 2 71 22 1 ( )

Part time ................................................................ – 2 89 9 –

Union ..................................................................... 18 12 56 14 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 1 75 22 1 ( )

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 – 85 9 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 4 86 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 – 79 14 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 – 73 19 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 – 65 30 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 – 66 32 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 14 – 66 17 –

Construction ...................................................... 25 – 69 5 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 2 1 75 22 1 ( )

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 4 – 76 16 –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 6 – 74 18 –

Retail trade .................................................... 3 3 77 17 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6 8 77 – –

Utilities ........................................................... – – 59 40 –

Information ......................................................... – – 43 55 –

Financial activities ............................................. – 1 50 49 –

Finance and insurance .................................. – 1 43 56 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 32 67 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 53 43 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 89 – –

Professional and business services .................. – – 72 27 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 76 23 –

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 72 27 –

Education and health services ........................... – – 94 6 –

Educational services ...................................... – – 79 18 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 75 24 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 96 3 –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 5 – 93 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 6 – 92 – –

Other services ................................................... – – 91 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 1 ( ) 79 15 1 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 – 80 15 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 – 78 14 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 – 69 24 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 – 73 20 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 4 64 28 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2 – 84 14 –

New England ..................................................... 3 – 73 22 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1 – 86 12 –

South ..................................................................... 3 – 68 28 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 3 – 70 26 –

East South Central ............................................ 4 – 68 25 –

West South Central ........................................... 2 2 64 33 –

Midwest ................................................................. 11 4 64 21 1 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 10 4 63 23 1

West North Central ............................................ 13 – 66 18 –

West ...................................................................... 2 – 74 21 –

Mountain ............................................................ 3 – 72 22 –

Pacific ................................................................ – 2 75 21 –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 0.2 2.0 1.9 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.1 0.1 2.8 2.8 0.2

Professional and related .................................... – 0.4 1.8 1.7 –

Service ................................................................... 0.8 0.3 1.2 0.8 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 3.5 3.5 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.3 – 1.4 1.3 –

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 – 1.9 2.0 –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.3 – 1.8 1.7 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.0 2.3 1.7 –

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.3 1.3 3.6 1.5 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.6 3.3 2.6 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.1 – 2.3 1.7 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.7 – 2.8 2.0 –

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.3 1.1 1.0 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – 0.5 1.6 1.5 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.4 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 0.1 1.1 1.0 0.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 – 1.9 1.6 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 1.5 4.0 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 – 1.5 1.3 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 – 1.5 1.1 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 – 2.1 2.0 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.4 – 2.9 2.7 –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 – 1.8 1.4 –

Construction ...................................................... 3.2 – 3.0 1.8 –

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.3 0.2 1.2 1.1 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 – 1.6 1.5 –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.5 – 2.8 3.0 –

Retail trade .................................................... 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.7 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.0 1.8 4.3 – –

Utilities ........................................................... – – 6.1 5.7 –

Information ......................................................... – – 5.0 5.2 –

Financial activities ............................................. – 0.5 1.8 1.8 –

Finance and insurance .................................. – 0.5 1.8 1.8 –

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 1.9 2.0 –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – – 3.3 3.1 –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 6.2 – –

Professional and business services .................. – – 3.4 3.5 –

Professional and technical services .............. – – 4.7 4.8 –

Administrative and waste services ................ – – 5.9 6.1 –

Education and health services ........................... – – 1.2 1.1 –

Educational services ...................................... – – 2.9 3.3 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.8 2.8 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 1.1 1.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.7 – 1.6 – –

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.9 – 2.0 – –

Other services ................................................... – – 4.2 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.1 1.2 1.0 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.6 – 1.4 1.1 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 – 2.8 2.1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 – 1.5 1.5 –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 – 1.8 1.7 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – 0.7 2.0 2.0 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 – 1.2 1.2 –

New England ..................................................... 1.1 – 3.0 2.7 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 – 1.2 1.2 –

South ..................................................................... 0.7 – 2.4 2.1 –

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 – 3.9 3.2 –

East South Central ............................................ 0.7 – 5.6 6.2 –

West South Central ........................................... 0.5 0.7 2.6 2.6 –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.8 0.6 2.2 2.1 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 0.8 2.6 2.7 0.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 – 3.5 2.7 –

West ...................................................................... 0.4 – 2.3 1.9 –

Mountain ............................................................ 0.6 – 4.9 3.9 –

Pacific ................................................................ – 0.3 2.5 2.1 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 94 6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 94 6

Management, business, and financial ............... 95 5

Professional and related .................................... 94 6

Service ................................................................... 95 5

Sales and office ..................................................... 95 5

Sales and related ............................................... 94 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 95 5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 93 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 96 4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 91 9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 92 8

Production ......................................................... 89 11

Transportation and material moving .................. 96 4

Full time ................................................................. 94 6

Part time ................................................................ 95 5

Union ..................................................................... 90 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 95 5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 94 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 96 4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 94 6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 7

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 93 7

Manufacturing .................................................... 92 8

Service-providing industries .................................. 94 6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 94 6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 92 8

Retail trade .................................................... 96 4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 92 8

Information ......................................................... 88 12

Financial activities ............................................. 93 7

Finance and insurance .................................. 93 7

Credit intermediation and related activities 92 8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 96 4

Professional and business services .................. 94 6

Professional and technical services .............. 95 5

Education and health services ........................... 97 3

Educational services ...................................... 95 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 91 9

Health care and social assistance ................. 98 2

Other services ................................................... 100 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 95 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 96 4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 92 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 93 7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 5

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 96 4

New England ..................................................... 95 5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 96 4

South ..................................................................... 94 6

South Atlantic .................................................... 95 5

West South Central ........................................... 93 7

Midwest ................................................................. 92 8

East North Central ............................................. 91 9

West North Central ............................................ 93 7

West ...................................................................... 95 5

Mountain ............................................................ 95 5

Pacific ................................................................ 95 5

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash

indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, private industry workers, March

2020

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.4 1.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.1 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.4

Production ......................................................... 2.2 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.3 1.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.9 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.0 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 1.1

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 1.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.9 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 0.7 0.7

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.0 3.0

Information ......................................................... 2.8 2.8

Financial activities ............................................. 1.1 1.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.7 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.2 1.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.2 1.2

Professional and business services .................. 1.0 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. 2.1 2.1

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.0 1.0

Other services ................................................... 0.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.5 0.5

New England ..................................................... 1.2 1.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.5 0.5

South ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.4 2.4

West ...................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 1.2 1.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 2.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication

criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1 24 2 42 17 13 61.5 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1 ( ) 16 1 45 17 21 63.8 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 14 – 47 20 18 63.7 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 17 – 44 16 23 63.9 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 37 4 36 19 – 57.7 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 53 – – – 4 56.9 50.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1 ( ) 32 2 37 18 10 60.5 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 37 – 38 15 9 60.2 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1 29 3 37 19 11 60.7 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 21 – 50 17 8 60.4 60.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 32 – 43 – – 58.0 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 14 – 54 15 11 61.9 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 22 – 46 16 14 61.6 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 1 ( ) 24 1 50 17 7 60.2 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 1 22 2 44 16 15 61.8 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 41 – 27 25 4 58.9 60.0

Union ..................................................................... – 33 – 38 16 8 59.3 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 23 2 43 18 14 61.7 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 35 – 34 22 5 59.1 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 14 7 40 37 – 61.3 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2 33 2 41 16 7 59.1 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1 ( ) 20 2 47 17 13 62.0 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 16 – 43 17 22 64.1 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 13 – 37 19 29 65.6 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1 17 3 44 15 21 63.4 60.0

Construction ...................................................... – 29 9 40 17 – 58.1 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1 26 2 42 18 12 61.0 60.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1 ( ) 33 1 41 17 7 60.0 60.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 17 – 47 23 12 63.4 60.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 50 – 29 15 3 57.0 50.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 20 – 56 14 9 61.4 60.0

Utilities ........................................................... – – – 41 25 29 66.5 66.0

Information ......................................................... – 12 – 50 – 20 62.5 60.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 20 – 41 17 21 64.0 60.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 15 – 42 15 27 65.7 60.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 21 – 37 20 21 63.9 60.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 12 – 52 13 22 64.2 60.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 32 – 38 – 6 59.5 60.0

Professional and business services .................. – 13 – 37 24 25 64.5 60.0

Professional and technical services .............. – 12 – 37 16 33 65.5 60.0

Administrative and waste services ................ – 23 – 35 34 – 61.2 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 28 – 47 16 5 59.4 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 34 – 34 11 22 63.7 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 27 – 36 5 31 67.1 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 28 – 49 17 3 58.8 60.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 37 8 40 – – 57.4 60.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 40 8 35 – – 57.2 60.0

Other services ................................................... – – – 45 – – 59.4 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1 ( ) 24 3 41 19 12 61.3 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1 ( ) 25 3 39 19 13 61.3 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 21 – 47 20 10 61.5 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 24 2 43 16 14 61.6 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 25 2 43 18 11 60.8 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 22 – 44 14 18 62.6 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 44 – 25 26 5 58.8 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 8 – 63 16 12 62.7 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 51 – 18 27 4 58.0 50.0

South ..................................................................... – 15 – 57 13 14 62.0 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 16 – 56 12 15 61.8 60.0

East South Central ............................................ – – – 61 – – 61.9 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 13 – 58 16 13 62.4 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 13 – 55 12 19 63.6 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 12 – 55 12 21 63.9 60.0

West North Central ............................................ – 16 – 55 14 14 62.9 60.0

West ...................................................................... – – 11 42 13 23 63.7 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 8 – 55 8 23 62.1 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 11 16 36 15 – 64.5 60.0

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers,

 March 2020

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 1.2 0.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 0.4 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.2 1.4 0.4 2.9 1.3 3.2 0.7 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... – 1.3 – 3.3 2.6 2.1 0.5 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 1.9 – 3.9 1.8 4.6 1.0 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 5.9 1.3 4.0 4.1 – 0.9 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 6.8 – – – 2.0 1.1 8.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.1 1.6 0.5 1.8 1.2 1.0 0.4 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... – 2.3 – 3.5 1.7 1.8 0.6 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.1 1.8 0.8 2.1 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 3.3 – 3.6 2.6 1.3 0.6 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 7.7 – 8.2 – – 1.0 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. – 2.8 – 4.1 2.0 1.9 0.7 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 2.8 – 2.8 2.1 1.7 0.4 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.2 3.8 0.4 3.6 2.6 1.4 0.6 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 1.2 0.4 1.6 1.1 1.6 0.4 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 2.9 – 3.3 2.6 0.8 0.5 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 2.7 – 3.7 3.0 1.8 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.2 1.3 0.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 0.4 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 2.3 – 3.2 2.2 1.2 0.4 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 3.1 2.4 6.7 6.5 – 0.6 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 2.5 0.6 2.1 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.2 1.1 0.3 1.8 1.4 1.6 0.4 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 1.4 – 2.9 1.5 2.7 0.6 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 1.5 – 3.8 2.4 4.6 0.9 5.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.5 2.2 0.6 2.5 1.9 2.3 0.6 0.0

Construction ...................................................... – 5.1 2.7 4.4 4.4 – 0.7 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 1.4 0.5 1.6 1.3 1.6 0.4 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.1 2.2 0.1 2.2 1.7 0.9 0.5 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 3.1 – 4.8 4.9 3.0 1.0 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... – 2.8 – 2.9 1.7 0.8 0.5 8.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... – 4.7 – 6.1 3.2 2.3 1.0 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – – – 11.8 6.3 8.0 1.7 6.4

Information ......................................................... – 2.4 – 5.4 – 5.4 0.8 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. – 2.2 – 3.1 2.6 2.2 0.6 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. – 1.3 – 3.4 1.8 3.0 0.7 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – 3.1 – 2.7 2.9 3.2 1.4 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... – 2.3 – 5.3 2.5 4.2 1.1 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 7.0 – 6.4 – 2.7 1.2 0.0

Professional and business services .................. – 2.0 – 5.2 2.4 6.3 1.4 7.7

Professional and technical services .............. – 2.7 – 6.6 3.8 8.7 1.8 7.7

Administrative and waste services ................ – 3.7 – 6.4 5.3 – 0.8 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 4.0 – 3.4 3.5 1.1 0.8 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 2.0 – 3.6 1.9 1.8 0.6 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.8 – 4.3 2.2 2.9 0.8 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.5 – 3.8 4.0 1.3 0.9 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers,

 March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 3.7 1.1 5.5 – – 0.6 0.5

Accommodation and food services ................ – 4.6 1.3 6.6 – – 0.7 2.0

Other services ................................................... – – – 5.1 – – 1.4 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.2 1.6 0.8 2.7 1.5 2.8 0.7 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.2 2.2 1.1 3.2 2.0 3.4 0.9 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 2.7 – 4.1 3.6 1.6 0.6 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 1.8 0.3 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.4 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 2.1 0.2 2.6 2.1 1.1 0.4 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.3 – 2.6 2.0 1.6 0.6 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.1 – 1.8 2.4 0.5 0.4 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 1.4 – 5.6 4.1 1.6 0.6 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 2.0 – 1.5 2.9 0.5 0.5 9.0

South ..................................................................... – 1.7 – 2.8 2.0 1.4 0.3 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 2.5 – 3.8 2.2 1.9 0.3 0.0

East South Central ............................................ – – – 8.1 – – 0.6 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 1.9 – 4.2 4.4 2.6 0.8 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 1.7 – 2.8 1.9 2.3 0.6 0.0

East North Central ............................................. – 2.2 – 3.8 2.4 3.2 0.9 0.0

West North Central ............................................ – 1.9 – 3.2 2.9 1.4 0.6 0.0

West ...................................................................... – – 2.6 4.4 2.4 6.3 1.4 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 0.9 – 6.2 2.7 3.3 0.9 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 2.7 4.3 5.4 3.3 – 2.0 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 77 $170 $200 $667 $1,615 $2,500 23

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 73 170 624 1,385 2,310 3,000 27

Management, business, and financial ............... 78 170 595 1,200 2,308 3,000 22

Professional and related .................................... 70 170 632 1,385 2,500 3,000 30

Service ................................................................... 78 170 170 – 1,000 2,000 22

Protective service .............................................. 95 170 170 – – 2,500 5

Sales and office ..................................................... 83 170 200 650 1,500 2,500 17

Sales and related ............................................... 89 170 200 500 1,500 – 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 80 170 200 667 – 2,500 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 84 170 300 667 1,385 – 16

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 80 170 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 20

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 77 170 – 515 – 2,500 23

Transportation and material moving .................. 87 170 – 595 1,000 2,500 13

Full time ................................................................. 76 170 300 750 2,000 2,500 24

Part time ................................................................ 85 170 170 500 667 – 15

Union ..................................................................... 80 170 170 500 637 – 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 77 170 200 750 2,000 2,500 23

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 79 170 170 633 1,000 2,000 21

Second 25 percent ............................................ 80 170 170 615 1,500 2,500 20

Third 25 percent ................................................ 79 170 400 750 1,850 2,500 21

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 73 170 500 1,000 2,307 3,000 27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 71 170 633 1,500 2,500 3,000 29

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 71 170 – 667 1,500 2,500 29

Service-providing industries .................................. 79 170 200 667 2,000 2,500 21

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 87 170 200 500 1,385 2,500 13

Wholesale trade ............................................. 86 170 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 14

Retail trade .................................................... 91 170 200 200 – – 9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 84 170 – 500 – – 16

Utilities ........................................................... 65 170 – – 2,500 3,000 35

Information ......................................................... 79 650 – 2,300 2,500 2,500 21

Financial activities ............................................. 64 170 637 1,000 2,308 3,456 36

Finance and insurance .................................. 54 170 750 1,500 2,500 5,770 46

Credit intermediation and related activities 71 – 840 1,385 2,500 5,770 29

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 43 – – 1,500 2,500 – 57

Professional and business services .................. 78 170 615 1,200 2,300 2,500 22

Education and health services ........................... 74 170 – 667 2,000 2,600 26

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Educational services ...................................... 71 $170 $170 $637 – $2,000 29

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 48 170 170 600 $1,500 2,500 52

Health care and social assistance ................. 74 170 – 667 2,000 3,000 26

Accommodation and food services ................ 76 170 170 – – – 24

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 80 170 175 637 1,250 2,157 20

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 80 170 170 637 1,385 2,157 20

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 78 170 – 637 1,000 2,300 22

100 workers or more .............................................. 76 170 – 800 2,300 3,000 24

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 82 170 – 882 2,000 2,500 18

500 workers or more .......................................... 68 170 – – 2,500 3,500 32

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 89 170 170 – 667 – 11

New England ..................................................... 70 – 500 1,000 1,500 2,500 30

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 92 170 170 170 650 – 8

South ..................................................................... 72 200 577 1,250 2,300 2,771 28

South Atlantic .................................................... 72 – – 1,385 2,300 3,000 28

East South Central ............................................ 70 – 500 – – – 30

West South Central ........................................... 75 200 750 1,250 2,307 2,500 25

Midwest ................................................................. 66 200 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 34

East North Central ............................................. 65 200 500 1,000 2,000 2,500 35

West North Central ............................................ 69 200 – 1,154 2,157 – 31

West ...................................................................... 75 – 615 1,200 2,500 4,000 25

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.6 $0.00 $13.24 $16.49 $415.43 $0.00 1.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 3.3 0.00 42.88 281.68 203.26 0.00 3.3

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.5 0.00 44.67 315.46 116.68 151.03 2.5

Professional and related .................................... 4.8 0.00 58.36 251.32 245.88 49.14 4.8

Service ................................................................... 4.5 0.00 0.00 – 153.28 250.57 4.5

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 0.00 0.00 – – 529.39 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.00 0.00 18.13 266.23 121.43 1.3

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 0.00 0.00 64.83 207.19 – 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 42.67 – 0.00 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 0.00 71.38 85.76 267.93 – 1.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.6 9.48 27.37 225.72 101.81 364.43 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.2 0.00 – 98.26 – 196.01 2.2

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 0.00 – 126.31 289.01 438.78 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 1.7 0.00 72.19 117.90 83.69 256.41 1.7

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 0.00 0.00 18.25 23.63 – 3.0

Union ..................................................................... 3.6 0.00 18.56 0.00 20.17 – 3.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.7 0.00 56.02 55.50 84.61 204.02 1.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.8 0.00 13.53 13.57 109.30 198.02 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 0.00 3.53 62.63 175.91 0.00 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 0.00 99.56 62.68 433.10 119.10 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.7 0.00 67.14 98.70 67.47 269.41 2.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.4 0.00 14.68 289.22 60.05 364.59 4.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.9 0.00 – 73.76 64.89 421.74 1.9

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.0 0.00 0.00 16.05 398.43 0.00 2.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 0.00 0.00 39.35 217.22 110.58 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.8 0.00 72.99 219.26 194.39 0.00 2.8

Retail trade .................................................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 25.81 – – 1.6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.9 0.00 – 0.00 – – 2.9

Utilities ........................................................... 8.6 0.00 – – 437.58 408.04 8.6

Information ......................................................... 5.7 115.94 – 138.53 0.00 299.16 5.7

Financial activities ............................................. 2.7 0.00 72.20 58.42 206.53 492.62 2.7

Finance and insurance .................................. 3.0 0.00 147.64 75.02 158.03 0.00 3.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.4 – 124.58 191.47 158.03 873.53 3.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 4.9 – – 291.79 0.00 – 4.9

Professional and business services .................. 6.1 0.00 28.03 288.99 406.00 193.12 6.1

Education and health services ........................... 4.7 0.00 – 23.69 424.56 559.48 4.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Educational services ...................................... 3.2 $0.00 $0.00 $30.23 – $77.42 3.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.7 0.00 0.00 169.06 $91.24 497.74 3.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.3 0.00 – 34.64 218.87 547.45 5.3

Accommodation and food services ................ 6.9 0.00 0.00 – – – 6.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.0 0.00 17.93 12.33 209.22 271.23 3.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.0 0.00 10.32 16.12 223.50 271.85 4.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.7 0.00 – 9.34 217.31 453.65 3.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.00 – 232.19 279.28 230.56 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.00 – 236.37 70.26 227.97 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.4 0.00 – – 85.82 685.66 2.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 0.00 0.00 – 6.20 – 2.0

New England ..................................................... 6.5 – 0.00 268.50 422.03 283.29 6.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 0.00 0.00 19.84 10.87 – 1.6

South ..................................................................... 2.2 32.90 156.48 283.45 8.55 434.88 2.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.1 – – 343.41 8.95 501.49 3.1

East South Central ............................................ 4.5 – 0.00 – – – 4.5

West South Central ........................................... 4.0 44.70 43.76 299.23 356.51 0.00 4.0

Midwest ................................................................. 3.1 0.00 0.00 98.44 28.65 121.13 3.1

East North Central ............................................. 3.9 0.00 0.00 98.89 241.40 69.94 3.9

West North Central ............................................ 4.8 0.00 – 223.14 223.62 – 4.8

West ...................................................................... 6.3 – 28.28 316.27 171.75 1,131.46 6.3

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 4 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 96

Management, business, and financial ............... 3 97

Professional and related .................................... 5 95

Service ................................................................... 7 93

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 95

Sales and related ............................................... 7 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 4 96

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4 96

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6 94

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4 96

Production ......................................................... 2 98

Transportation and material moving .................. 6 94

Full time ................................................................. 4 96

Part time ................................................................ 4 96

Union ..................................................................... 6 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 4 96

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 7 93

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4 96

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4 96

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 4 96

Manufacturing .................................................... 3 97

Service-providing industries .................................. 5 95

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 9 91

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3 97

Retail trade .................................................... 15 85

Transportation and warehousing ................... 11 89

Utilities ........................................................... 11 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Information ......................................................... 2 98

Financial activities ............................................. 2 98

Finance and insurance .................................. 2 98

Credit intermediation and related activities 1 99

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1 99

Professional and business services .................. 3 97

Professional and technical services .............. 3 97

Education and health services ........................... 6 94

Educational services ...................................... 10 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 5 95

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 100

Accommodation and food services ................ – 100

Other services ................................................... – 100

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 95

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 94

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3 97

100 workers or more .............................................. 4 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 96

500 workers or more .......................................... 4 96

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4 96

New England ..................................................... 3 97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 95

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 4 96

East South Central ............................................ 13 87

West South Central ........................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 4 96

East North Central ............................................. 4 96

West North Central ............................................ 4 96

West ...................................................................... 3 97

Mountain ............................................................ 4 96

Pacific ................................................................ 3 97

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in

this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.4 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.6

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.7 0.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.0 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.7 0.7

Production ......................................................... 0.4 0.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.6 0.6

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.4 0.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.0 1.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.0 1.0

Retail trade .................................................... 2.0 2.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.5 2.5

Utilities ........................................................... 2.9 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

Information ......................................................... 0.5 0.5

Financial activities ............................................. 0.5 0.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.6 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.3 0.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.6 0.6

Professional and business services .................. 0.9 0.9

Professional and technical services .............. 0.9 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.2 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.1 1.1

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 0.0

Accommodation and food services ................ – 0.0

Other services ................................................... – 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.6 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.6 0.6

New England ..................................................... 0.8 0.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.8 0.8

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.4 0.4

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 1.3

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 1.1

West ...................................................................... 0.4 0.4

Mountain ............................................................ 1.1 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 0.4 0.4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 96 2 2 1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 97 2 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 97 2 – –

Professional and related .................................... 97 3 – –

Service ................................................................... 99 – – –

Protective service .............................................. 95 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 98 2 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 97 2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 98 2 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 85 5 7 3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 74 6 14 5

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 92 4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 – 6 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 95 3 – –

Full time ................................................................. 96 2 2 1

Part time ................................................................ 96 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 80 3 15 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 97 2 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 1 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 95 2 2 1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 3 1 2 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 95 4 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 89 5 6 1

Service-providing industries .................................. 97 2 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 94 4 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 95 5 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 95 3 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 94 – – –

Utilities ........................................................... 89 10 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

Information ......................................................... 99 – – –

Financial activities ............................................. 97 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 97 – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 99 – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 94 – – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 91 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 98 2 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 99 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 98 – – –

Educational services ...................................... 99 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 99 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 98 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 97 2 1 1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 97 2 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 97 – 1 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 95 3 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 95 – 2 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 94 3 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 98 1 1 2 ( )

New England ..................................................... 96 3 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 98 1 – –

South ..................................................................... 95 4 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 97 3 – –

East South Central ............................................ 94 2 – –

West South Central ........................................... 91 7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 93 3 4 2 ( )

East North Central ............................................. 94 2 4 2 ( )

West North Central ............................................ 92 5 – –

West ...................................................................... 98 1 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 99 1 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 98 1 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.5 – –

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.7 0.6 – –

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 0.7 – –

Service ................................................................... 0.7 – – –

Protective service .............................................. 3.2 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.4 – –

Sales and related ............................................... 1.0 0.9 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.5 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.8 1.3 1.6 1.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4.6 1.8 3.1 2.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.8 1.8 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.8 – 1.6 –

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 0.9 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 3.0 0.5 3.0 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.5 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 0.4 0.7 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.1 – –

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 0.8 1.3 0.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.4 – –

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 1.0 – –

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.4 2.3 – –

Retail trade .................................................... 1.7 1.4 – –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.1 – – –

Utilities ........................................................... 2.0 1.8 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

Information ......................................................... 0.9 – – –

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 – – –

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.3 – – –

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.5 – – –

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 – – –

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 7.9 – – –

Professional and business services .................. 0.8 0.8 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 0.5 – – –

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 – – –

Educational services ...................................... 0.5 – – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.6 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 – – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.4 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.7 – 0.7 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.5 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 – 0.8 –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.7 – –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2

New England ..................................................... 1.7 1.0 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 0.2 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.9 0.9 – –

East South Central ............................................ 3.4 0.7 – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 2.6 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.4 0.9 0.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 0.4 1.1 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 1.5 0.6 – –

West ...................................................................... 0.7 0.1 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 0.6 0.2 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 0.2 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2020

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 26 65 4 5 1 57.8 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 26 64 4 5 1 57.7 60.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 23 67 4 4 1 57.7 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 28 62 – 5 – 57.7 60.0

Service ................................................................... 36 54 – – – 56.8 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 48 – – – 60.4 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 26 65 2 6 1 57.8 60.0

Sales and related ............................................... 29 64 – 5 – 57.0 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 25 65 2 7 1 58.0 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 14 76 – 5 – 58.9 60.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2 80 – – – 61.0 60.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 20 75 4 – – 57.8 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 21 69 5 4 1 58.5 60.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 19 74 – 4 – 58.6 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 25 65 4 5 1 57.9 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 40 54 5 – – 55.4 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 34 61 3 – – 57.2 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 65 4 5 1 57.9 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 27 63 – 6 – 57.9 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 24 67 3 5 1 58.0 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 26 64 5 4 1 57.7 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 29 59 6 5 1 57.5 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 22 66 9 3 1 58.5 60.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 26 65 2 5 1 57.7 60.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 20 70 2 6 1 58.4 60.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 16 77 – – 3 58.6 60.0

Retail trade .................................................... 21 69 – 9 – 58.2 60.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 20 74 – 5 – 58.4 60.0

Utilities ........................................................... 36 39 12 13 – 57.8 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

Information ......................................................... 33 60 2 – – 56.5 60.0

Financial activities ............................................. 33 55 4 7 1 57.2 60.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 37 53 – 6 – 56.8 60.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 36 53 – 7 – 57.2 60.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 39 52 6 3 – 56.3 60.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 69 – – – 60.2 60.0

Professional and business services .................. 24 70 – 4 – 57.4 60.0

Professional and technical services .............. 28 65 4 4 – 56.8 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 29 61 – 6 – 57.7 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 2 81 5 10 2 60.9 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3 81 4 8 3 60.8 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 35 57 – 5 – 57.0 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 24 66 4 4 2 58.5 60.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 26 65 3 3 3 58.4 60.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 67 6 7 2 58.9 60.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 27 64 3 5 2 ( ) 57.4 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 20 69 – 8 – 58.2 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 32 60 4 3 2 ( ) 56.7 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 24 70 – 4 – 57.8 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 71 – 3 – 58.0 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 24 69 – 5 – 57.7 60.0

South ..................................................................... 28 65 2 5 1 57.3 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 27 67 1 4 1 57.3 60.0

East South Central ............................................ 25 69 – 3 – 57.7 60.0

West South Central ........................................... 31 58 2 – – 57.2 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 19 71 4 5 2 ( ) 58.5 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 19 71 – 6 – 58.5 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 19 73 – 3 – 58.3 60.0

West ...................................................................... 32 53 8 – – 57.9 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 32 62 4 – – 57.0 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ 32 49 10 – – 58.3 60.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.3 2.6 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 2.6 2.8 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 3.1 3.4 – 0.9 – 0.4 0.0

Service ................................................................... 5.0 5.9 – – – 0.9 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 13.4 – – – 1.7 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.7 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 2.9 3.3 – 1.5 – 0.4 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 2.0 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 3.5 – 2.6 – 0.4 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.8 7.5 – – – 0.6 0.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.0 3.3 1.0 – – 0.4 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.5 2.7 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.6 3.2 – 1.3 – 0.4 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 7.7 7.9 2.1 – – 1.4 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 3.6 3.8 1.2 – – 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 2.9 – 1.5 – 0.5 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 2.0 0.6 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 2.4 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.4 3.9 1.4 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 2.6 1.8 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.7 1.9 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.4 1.9 0.5 1.1 0.4 0.3 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3.0 3.0 – – 0.9 0.5 0.0

Retail trade .................................................... 2.8 4.0 – 2.0 – 0.4 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.2 4.8 – 2.3 – 0.5 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... 5.7 5.5 3.4 3.2 – 0.8 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

Information ......................................................... 4.2 4.7 0.8 – – 0.7 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 1.9 2.0 1.0 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.0 2.0 – 0.7 – 0.2 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 2.3 – 1.0 – 0.3 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.6 3.4 2.4 0.9 – 0.5 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – 6.1 – – – 1.2 0.0

Professional and business services .................. 5.0 5.0 – 1.5 – 0.7 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. 5.8 5.8 1.1 1.8 – 0.8 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 3.2 3.6 – 2.2 – 0.7 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 2.5 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.6 2.1 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.9 4.2 – 2.6 – 0.8 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.9 2.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.4 3.4 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 3.5 1.8 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 1.8 0.7 1.0 2 ( ) 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 2.8 – 1.8 – 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.3 2.4 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.8 4.6 – 1.3 – 0.5 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 9.2 – 1.3 – 0.7 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.5 4.4 – 1.8 – 0.5 0.0

South ..................................................................... 1.9 2.2 0.4 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.5 3.3 0.5 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 5.3 4.5 – 0.9 – 0.7 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 3.7 2.4 0.5 – – 0.7 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 2.3 1.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.9 – 1.9 – 0.3 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 3.6 – 0.9 – 0.3 0.0

West ...................................................................... 3.8 3.8 1.6 – – 0.7 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 4.7 4.9 0.6 – – 0.4 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 5.1 4.7 2.3 – – 1.0 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 2 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 91 $5,000 $6,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 90 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 20,833 10

Professional and related .................................... 91 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Service ................................................................... 98 – 5,000 7,500 10,900 15,000 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 89 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 11

Sales and related ............................................... 91 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 9

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 92 4,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 94 5,000 5,000 6,000 7,500 15,000 6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 91 – 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 91 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 9

Transportation and material moving .................. 95 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 5

Full time ................................................................. 91 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Part time ................................................................ 91 – – 10,000 12,500 20,000 9

Union ..................................................................... 91 – – 7,000 10,000 15,000 9

Nonunion ............................................................... 91 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 90 5,000 5,000 8,500 12,500 15,000 10

Third 25 percent ................................................ 92 5,000 5,000 9,000 12,500 20,000 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 91 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 90 5,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 17,000 10

Service-providing industries .................................. 91 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 91 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 88 – 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 12

Retail trade .................................................... 97 5,000 5,000 6,000 7,500 10,000 3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 93 – – 10,000 10,000 15,000 7

Utilities ........................................................... 76 7,000 11,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 24

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... 95 $4,000 $7,500 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 5

Financial activities ............................................. 84 5,000 10,000 12,500 20,833 25,000 16

Finance and insurance .................................. 82 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 30,000 18

Credit intermediation and related activities 85 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 30,000 15

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 73 5,000 10,000 – 20,000 25,000 27

Professional and business services .................. 90 5,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

Professional and technical services .............. 93 6,000 8,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 7

Education and health services ........................... 94 – 5,000 7,500 11,500 15,000 6

Educational services ...................................... 90 4,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 15,000 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 92 4,000 6,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 95 – 5,000 7,500 12,500 15,000 5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 92 5,000 5,000 9,000 12,000 – 8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 93 5,000 5,000 9,400 15,000 20,000 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 90 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 93 5,000 6,000 10,000 12,500 17,333 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 88 4,000 6,667 10,000 15,000 20,000 12

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 94 5,000 6,000 10,000 12,500 15,000 6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 95 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 15,000 5

South ..................................................................... 92 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 93 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 7

West South Central ........................................... 92 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,833 8

Midwest ................................................................. 86 5,000 5,000 10,000 12,000 20,000 14

East North Central ............................................. 86 5,000 5,000 – 10,000 15,000 14

West ...................................................................... 92 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

Mountain ............................................................ 93 5,000 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 7

Pacific ................................................................ 92 – 6,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 8

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 $0.00 $434.16 $0.00 $364.97 $0.00 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 0.00 935.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.1

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.2 0.00 91.24 0.00 0.00 263.29 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.6 0.00 172.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.6

Service ................................................................... 0.7 – 0.00 757.91 2,621.22 0.00 0.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.00 547.45 0.00 364.97 263.29 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 2.0 0.00 0.00 2,856.98 2,419.19 0.00 2.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 316.07 1,334.50 0.00 364.97 662.59 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.1 451.91 0.00 1,014.21 0.00 0.00 2.1

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.7 272.17 0.00 1,182.62 763.38 1,507.56 2.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.7 – 0.00 1,935.52 1,569.78 0.00 2.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.3 – 0.00 774.21 129.03 0.00 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 – 0.00 774.21 0.00 0.00 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.00 387.10 0.00 182.48 0.00 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 – – 764.64 2,310.05 5,213.80 2.2

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 – – 1,157.72 302.61 0.00 2.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.00 0.00 2,056.48 1,436.87 0.00 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 421.48 152.01 1,641.23 1,956.91 5,945.29 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.00 749.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 0.00 1,975.29 0.00 0.00 263.29 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.6 0.00 555.00 0.00 0.00 3,879.64 1.6

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 223.49 212.81 0.00 1,235.13 0.00 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 – 0.00 341.39 0.00 0.00 1.1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.0 – 0.00 328.98 0.00 2,311.85 2.0

Retail trade .................................................... 1.2 0.00 0.00 523.33 158.03 0.00 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.0 – – 0.00 2,064.56 2,320.83 2.0

Utilities ........................................................... 2.9 1,939.82 1,448.41 2,227.49 0.00 0.00 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Information ......................................................... 1.9 $1,139.61 $882.26 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 1.9

Financial activities ............................................. 1.9 541.33 316.07 1,105.30 0.00 1,753.69 1.9

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.0 565.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 4,000.35 2.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.8 189.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,240.13 2.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 971.11 0.00 – 1,933.32 1,824.83 3.3

Professional and business services .................. 1.7 682.79 1,271.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.7

Professional and technical services .............. 2.4 516.14 2,130.05 0.00 258.07 0.00 2.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.6 – 0.00 700.84 2,463.52 0.00 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 795.42 1,048.28 569.80 364.97 0.00 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 632.93 0.00 516.14 482.80 1,720.81 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 – 0.00 1,024.18 3,354.91 0.00 1.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.00 316.07 1,645.99 1,962.95 – 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.00 682.79 1,749.36 2,669.49 486.68 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 129.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.00 1,054.01 0.00 632.14 4,129.32 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1,039.06 851.32 0.00 0.00 372.34 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 855.92 482.80 0.00 3,243.89 0.00 1.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 816.09 816.09 0.00 2,755.43 0.00 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.00 670.48 0.00 0.00 984.78 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,117.03 1.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.8 936.78 1,182.62 0.00 0.00 3,950.08 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 536.51 670.44 1,924.72 893.61 3,023.74 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 942.38 869.64 – 1,138.76 1,624.14 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.6 971.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ 2.1 0.00 516.14 0.00 0.00 3,041.37 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 – 316.07 0.00 364.97 0.00 2.2

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 80 75 79 45 54 55 27 20 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 92 90 64 74 75 42 33 93

Management, business, and financial ............... 96 95 97 68 77 79 45 32 94

Professional and related .................................... 88 90 86 62 72 73 40 33 92

Service ................................................................... 57 59 58 24 31 33 12 12 82

Protective service .............................................. 70 74 76 25 33 41 15 14 90

Sales and office ..................................................... 84 77 81 49 56 56 26 21 90

Sales and related ............................................... 76 65 70 41 46 45 21 17 88

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 84 88 55 63 64 29 24 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 80 68 80 33 43 41 18 13 85

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 70 57 69 23 30 27 10 11 82

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 91 79 91 45 57 55 27 16 89

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 87 72 86 39 60 57 30 11 89

Production ......................................................... 92 72 90 40 62 59 29 12 89

Transportation and material moving .................. 82 73 82 39 58 55 32 9 89

Full time ................................................................. 90 86 91 53 65 65 33 24 91

Part time ................................................................ 49 45 41 19 23 25 10 8 80

Union ..................................................................... 91 88 91 57 77 76 40 18 94

Nonunion ............................................................... 79 74 78 43 52 53 26 20 88

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 58 49 54 23 28 29 10 8 82

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 43 31 40 12 20 23 6 5 78

Second 25 percent ............................................ 83 80 83 46 56 55 24 19 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 92 87 91 53 65 65 31 23 90

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 93 92 93 63 77 78 47 33 94

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 94 94 94 65 81 82 52 38 96

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 89 74 89 39 58 55 29 15 89

Construction ...................................................... 75 62 76 26 31 27 9 11 81

Manufacturing .................................................... 97 81 96 47 73 69 38 18 92

Service-providing industries .................................. 78 76 77 46 54 55 27 21 88

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 84 74 81 47 57 55 28 16 90

Wholesale trade ............................................. 94 87 93 51 67 69 31 18 88

Retail trade .................................................... 77 65 72 42 46 43 20 17 90

Transportation and warehousing ................... 89 83 89 53 71 70 46 10 92

Utilities ........................................................... 99 96 99 74 85 86 54 30 92

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

Information ......................................................... 92 93 90 77 77 79 39 47 92

Financial activities ............................................. 94 93 94 64 80 82 51 33 96

Finance and insurance .................................. 97 97 97 70 86 88 61 40 97

Credit intermediation and related activities 98 98 98 66 86 88 63 39 97

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 97 97 97 76 85 86 57 39 96

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 84 80 87 49 62 66 21 13 93

Professional and business services .................. 85 79 82 49 54 54 29 23 86

Professional and technical services .............. 94 93 93 66 71 72 44 33 90

Administrative and waste services ................ 74 59 65 22 27 25 9 8 79

Education and health services ........................... 84 84 82 56 64 67 29 26 91

Educational services ...................................... 61 81 55 49 65 67 37 24 87

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 85 88 74 53 81 86 58 32 98

Health care and social assistance ................. 87 84 86 57 64 68 28 26 91

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 41 52 43 11 17 22 6 9 80

Accommodation and food services ................ 40 50 42 10 17 21 5 9 79

Other services ................................................... 67 68 71 31 38 39 12 14 87

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 73 67 71 35 41 42 16 15 83

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 71 66 69 32 37 39 14 13 81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 79 74 78 44 55 53 19 19 90

100 workers or more .............................................. 88 85 88 56 70 70 40 26 94

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 86 82 86 52 63 63 30 22 95

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 88 90 62 79 80 53 31 94

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 81 80 78 52 61 64 34 29 88

New England ..................................................... 81 83 77 51 59 62 38 25 88

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 81 79 78 52 62 65 33 30 88

South ..................................................................... 78 68 77 43 52 53 26 16 85

South Atlantic .................................................... 78 69 77 41 53 53 24 15 84

East South Central ............................................ 82 64 79 43 52 57 26 16 85

West South Central ........................................... 78 69 77 45 51 53 29 18 87

Midwest ................................................................. 79 71 79 47 58 56 25 18 91

East North Central ............................................. 79 71 79 47 61 58 26 18 91

West North Central ............................................ 79 72 80 46 52 52 23 18 92

West ...................................................................... 82 88 81 39 48 48 25 20 90

Mountain ............................................................ 83 75 80 49 56 54 26 20 92

Pacific ................................................................ 82 93 81 35 44 45 24 20 90

1 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.2 0.8

Service ................................................................... 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 6.7 6.3 6.0 4.6 6.0 7.0 2.8 3.5 4.6

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 1.4 2.3 2.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.9 1.6 0.9 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 0.9 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.2 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 1.1 1.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.6 1.1 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.4 1.5 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.5 0.6 0.7 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.3 2.2 2.4 1.4 1.9 2.3 1.1 0.8 2.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.6 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 0.9 0.7 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.5 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.4 0.7 1.1

Construction ...................................................... 2.9 2.0 3.2 1.8 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.9 1.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.8 1.5 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.1

Retail trade .................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.1 0.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 1.6 2.9 1.5 3.5 3.7 3.6 4.8 2.5 1.8

Utilities ........................................................... 0.9 2.8 0.9 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.1 5.2 3.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

Information ......................................................... 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.9 3.5 4.0 3.5 1.9

Financial activities ............................................. 1.5 1.0 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.6 0.8

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.5 0.5 0.6 2.1 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.7 0.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.6 1.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.9 1.8 1.5 2.8 3.4 1.2

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.8 3.6 2.7 4.7 4.3 4.2 3.2 3.5 2.3

Professional and business services .................. 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.4 1.6

Professional and technical services .............. 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.9 3.7 2.7 2.8 3.7 1.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.4 3.5 4.0 2.4 2.6 3.1 1.6 1.2 2.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.8 3.5 2.5 2.0 2.4 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.1 3.7 2.5 2.4 3.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.1 4.0 2.9 0.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 3.2 2.5 3.1 4.0 2.8 2.3 2.8 1.8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.4 1.5 2.1

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.6 3.3 2.6 1.9 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.7 2.3

Other services ................................................... 4.2 3.0 4.2 2.9 3.4 2.7 1.9 2.2 2.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 2.2 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.2

New England ..................................................... 3.0 3.0 2.5 3.2 3.4 2.4 1.7 2.0 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.4

South ..................................................................... 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 1.8 2.5 1.7 2.9 2.1 4.5 2.3 1.8 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 4.8 4.6 3.7 3.2 2.5 1.8 2.3 2.7 1.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.3 2.6 1.8 1.8 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 1.6 1.5 2.1 3.0 3.6 2.3 2.2 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.8 3.3 2.4 3.0 3.3 1.6

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.4 2.0 0.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.3 2.9 2.4 2.9 2.6 2.6 3.5 3.9 1.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 0.8 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.3 2.4 1.1

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 8 4 24 14 14 9 14 5 4 2 1 2 8 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2 1 16 12 15 11 20 8 7 3 1 3 9 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 2 1 15 10 16 10 23 10 7 4 1 3 9 9

Professional and related .................................... 1 1 17 14 15 11 17 7 8 3 1 4 9 9

Service ................................................................... 19 6 26 21 11 5 6 3 1 1 – – 7 6

Protective service .............................................. – – 34 – 13 – 8 – 3 – – 2 7 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 4 26 14 12 8 15 3 3 1 1 () 1 7 7

Sales and related ............................................... 27 5 31 11 8 6 8 1 3 1 – – 6 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 4 23 15 14 9 19 4 4 1 1 1 8 8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6 7 33 17 11 9 10 4 2 1 1 () 1 7 7

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 6 10 39 15 9 9 – 1 – 1 – 1 7 6

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 5 5 29 19 12 10 11 6 3 – – 1 8 7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 3 26 12 18 10 13 7 2 1 () 1 4 8 8

Production ......................................................... 4 2 20 11 15 13 14 10 3 1 () 1 6 9 8

Transportation and material moving .................. 6 4 33 12 21 6 11 5 1 – – 1 () 7 7

Full time ................................................................. 5 3 22 15 14 9 15 6 4 1 1 2 8 8

Part time ................................................................ 25 6 32 12 10 6 5 1 1 – – 1 () 6 6

Union ..................................................................... 2 3 17 14 18 10 13 12 4 1 1 () 6 9 8

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 4 24 14 13 9 14 5 4 2 1 2 8 7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 6 34 16 7 4 5 2 1 – – 1 () 6 6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 29 6 34 17 6 2 5 1 () – – – – 5 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 5 27 16 15 9 12 4 3 1 1 () 1 7 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 3 23 15 15 10 16 6 4 2 1 3 8 8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1 2 14 11 16 12 21 9 7 3 1 4 9 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1 ( ) 1 10 10 17 12 26 9 7 3 2 3 9 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 3 3 19 12 13 13 16 8 5 1 1 4 9 8

Construction ...................................................... 8 9 39 16 9 10 6 – – 2 – – 7 6

Manufacturing .................................................... 2 1 12 11 15 14 19 11 7 1 1 5 9 9

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 4 25 15 14 8 13 5 3 2 1 2 8 7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 16 6 30 11 15 7 9 3 1 – – 1 () 7 6

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5 3 26 14 16 15 11 6 1 3 – – 8 8

Retail trade .................................................... 29 10 38 10 7 3 2 1 () – – – – 5 6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4 3 22 11 29 4 18 6 – – – – 8 8

Utilities ........................................................... – – – 3 19 24 33 – – – – – 10 10

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

Information ......................................................... – – 16 24 18 13 13 – – – – – 8 8

Financial activities ............................................. 1 – 12 9 16 13 32 5 9 2 – 1 () 9 9

Finance and insurance .................................. 1 – 8 7 18 14 36 5 10 1 – 1 9 10

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 6 5 6 6 53 5 16 1 – – 10 10

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2 – 11 11 31 18 20 4 2 1 – – 8 8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 27 17 – – 18 5 5 – – – 8 8

Professional and business services .................. – 3 27 11 14 9 20 5 4 2 – 2 8 8

Professional and technical services .............. – – 14 11 17 10 29 4 6 – – 3 9 9

Administrative and waste services ................ 4 6 45 13 12 7 8 4 – – – 1 () 7 6

Education and health services ........................... 5 3 27 18 14 7 10 5 5 3 1 4 8 7

Educational services ...................................... 1 – 4 – 10 7 17 7 9 8 7 28 12 12

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – – 10 6 18 7 11 12 8 23 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. 5 3 30 20 14 6 9 5 4 – – – 8 7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 39 5 15 28 5 3 1 2 – – – – 5 6

Accommodation and food services ................ 42 – 15 31 6 3 – – – – – – 5 6

Other services ................................................... 10 6 22 19 11 4 7 – 6 – – 3 8 7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 5 25 16 12 8 13 5 3 1 1 () 1 7 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 11 5 26 17 12 8 13 4 3 1 1 () 1 7 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 11 4 24 12 13 10 13 7 3 – – 1 8 7

100 workers or more .............................................. 6 2 22 13 16 9 15 6 4 2 1 3 8 8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 3 25 15 14 9 14 5 3 1 1 2 8 7

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 1 18 11 18 10 16 8 6 2 1 6 9 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7 2 22 13 13 9 14 9 5 2 1 2 8 8

New England ..................................................... 7 2 16 11 14 8 15 13 9 2 1 2 9 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 7 3 24 14 12 10 14 8 3 2 1 2 8 8

South ..................................................................... 11 6 24 15 14 7 14 4 3 1 1 () 2 7 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 12 6 22 16 14 6 13 3 4 – – 2 7 7

East South Central ............................................ 11 6 27 11 12 8 9 7 2 – – 3 7 7

West South Central ........................................... 9 5 24 14 15 8 16 4 2 – – 2 8 7

Midwest ................................................................. 6 1 28 15 15 9 12 6 3 1 1 4 8 7

East North Central ............................................. 5 1 29 14 15 8 13 6 3 – – 5 8 8

West North Central ............................................ 8 – 26 18 14 10 11 5 4 – – – 8 7

West ...................................................................... 8 5 21 14 13 11 16 4 4 2 1 1 8 8

Mountain ............................................................ 8 6 29 15 11 9 12 3 3 – – – 7 7

Pacific ................................................................ 8 4 18 13 14 12 18 5 4 2 – – 8 8

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.3 0.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.7 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.3 0.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 2.2 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.9

Service ................................................................... 2.1 1.0 2.2 2.1 1.6 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.5 – – 0.2 0.7

Protective service .............................................. – – 6.4 – 2.4 – 2.5 – 1.2 – – 0.8 0.5 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.9 0.7 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.6 0.7 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.7 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 2.0 3.5 3.2 2.0 1.7 – 0.3 – 0.3 – 0.3 0.2 0.2

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.2 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.9 – – 0.3 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.5 0.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.0

Production ......................................................... 0.9 0.3 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.5 0.6 2.0 1.2 2.1 1.0 1.6 1.4 0.2 – – 0.2 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 0.9 2.5 1.3 1.7 1.6 0.8 0.3 0.3 – – 0.1 0.1 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.7 1.6 1.6 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 – – 0.1 0.1 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.8 1.1 3.3 2.7 1.6 0.6 1.6 0.2 – – – – 0.1 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.1 0.3 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.0 2.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1

Construction ...................................................... 1.6 1.7 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.3 1.2 – – 0.6 – – 0.1 0.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.2 – – 0.1 0.1 0.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.1 0.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.4 0.5 1.0 – – 0.1 0.4

Retail trade .................................................... 2.2 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.1 – – – – 0.1 0.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 1.6 0.8 3.5 1.7 3.5 1.0 3.3 2.4 – – – – 0.2 0.0

Utilities ........................................................... – – – 1.1 3.9 4.1 5.0 – – – – – 0.1 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

Information ......................................................... – – 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.4 1.9 – – – – – 0.2 0.0

Financial activities ............................................. 0.5 – 1.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 0.7 1.3 0.4 – 0.2 0.1 0.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.4 – 1.6 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.6 0.8 1.4 0.3 – 0.2 0.1 0.0

Credit intermediation and related activities – – 2.6 1.2 0.9 1.1 2.5 1.0 2.2 0.5 – – 0.1 0.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 0.7 – 2.5 1.1 2.7 2.1 2.2 1.0 0.9 0.3 – – 0.1 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ – – 5.3 4.7 – – 4.7 1.9 2.4 – – – 0.2 0.7

Professional and business services .................. – 0.8 2.5 1.6 2.1 1.6 3.3 1.1 1.1 0.8 – 0.5 0.2 0.0

Professional and technical services .............. – – 2.4 2.5 3.1 1.8 5.8 1.4 1.8 – – 1.4 0.2 0.6

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.6 1.5 4.3 1.9 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.0 – – – 0.1 0.2 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 0.9 2.2 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 0.3 – 1.0 – 2.5 2.0 2.9 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.0 3.9 0.3 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – – 1.6 1.4 3.1 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.5 3.5 0.2 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 1.0 2.4 2.8 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.3 – – – 0.2 0.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.2 2.1 2.7 3.6 2.1 1.1 0.6 0.8 – – – – 0.2 0.0

Accommodation and food services ................ 4.7 – 3.6 4.4 2.3 1.2 – – – – – – 0.2 0.2

Other services ................................................... 2.4 1.8 3.0 3.4 3.1 1.5 2.0 – 2.6 – – 1.4 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.8 0.5 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.9 0.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.6 0.9 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.2 – – 0.5 0.2 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.5 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.4 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.1 0.2 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.6 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0

New England ..................................................... 2.8 0.4 1.4 2.1 3.8 1.9 2.6 2.6 2.6 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.2 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.8 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.5

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.6 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 0.6 1.9 1.5 1.7 0.8 1.9 0.3 0.7 – – 0.5 0.1 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 1.7 1.5 3.0 2.2 2.9 1.5 1.6 0.5 0.7 – – 1.2 0.2 0.0

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.8 1.1 3.5 1.4 0.8 – – 0.3 0.2 0.6

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.2 1.9 1.6 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.1 1.0

East North Central ............................................. 0.7 0.2 2.4 2.2 1.1 2.0 1.1 0.7 0.6 – – 1.1 0.1 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.2 – 2.7 1.7 1.1 2.7 2.1 0.6 1.0 – – – 0.1 0.0

West ...................................................................... 0.7 1.0 1.9 1.2 1.4 1.5 2.5 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.6 2.8 3.5 2.9 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.6 – – – 0.1 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 0.7 2.0 1.2 1.6 2.0 3.4 1.5 1.0 0.8 – – 0.1 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, private industry workers, 

March 2020

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 63 3 34

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 59 4 37

Management, business, and financial ............... 58 4 38

Professional and related .................................... 59 4 37

Service ................................................................... 68 2 30

Sales and office ..................................................... 60 3 37

Sales and related ............................................... 61 3 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 60 2 38

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 64 5 32

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 63 5 31

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 64 5 32

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 74 2 24

Transportation and material moving .................. 79 1 20

Full time ................................................................. 61 3 35

Part time ................................................................ 76 1 23

Nonunion ............................................................... 62 3 35

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 2 28

Second 25 percent ............................................ 64 3 34

Third 25 percent ................................................ 63 3 34

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 59 4 37

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 59 5 35

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 65 4 30

Construction ...................................................... 64 2 34

Service-providing industries .................................. 63 3 34

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 68 3 29

Wholesale trade ............................................. 71 4 24

Retail trade .................................................... 63 2 35

Transportation and warehousing ................... 75 2 23

Information ......................................................... 62 4 34

Financial activities ............................................. 56 5 40

Finance and insurance .................................. 51 4 45

Credit intermediation and related activities 63 1 36

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 37 4 59

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 70 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 56 3 41

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

Education and health services ........................... 55 1 44

Educational services ...................................... 83 6 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 6 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 51 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 78 2 20

Accommodation and food services ................ 81 2 17

Other services ................................................... 66 4 30

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 65 3 31

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 65 4 31

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 66 1 33

100 workers or more .............................................. 62 2 36

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 62 2 36

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 3 35

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 3 26

New England ..................................................... 71 3 26

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 71 3 26

South ..................................................................... 59 3 38

South Atlantic .................................................... 60 3 37

East South Central ............................................ 66 5 29

West South Central ........................................... 52 4 44

West ...................................................................... 71 2 27

Mountain ............................................................ 60 2 39

Pacific ................................................................ 75 2 24

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, private

industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.2 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 0.5 1.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 0.6 1.9

Professional and related .................................... 2.2 0.7 2.2

Service ................................................................... 2.5 0.4 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 0.2 1.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.7 0.6 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 0.3 1.6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.3 1.2 2.2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.5 2.3 3.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 3.0 1.0 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 0.4 1.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.1 0.4 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.3 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.0 0.4 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.3 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 0.6 1.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.7 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.4 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 0.5 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 0.9 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 2.0 0.7 1.9

Construction ...................................................... 3.0 0.7 2.8

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.3 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.6 0.5 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.4 1.1 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 1.8 0.5 1.6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.9 0.6 4.0

Information ......................................................... 4.3 1.3 4.1

Financial activities ............................................. 1.0 0.9 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.7 0.7 1.8

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.7 0.6 3.0

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.4 1.5 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.1 – –

Professional and technical services .............. 5.1 1.4 5.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 0.2 2.7

Educational services ...................................... 3.1 1.4 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.7 1.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 – –

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 3.4 1.0 3.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.0 0.8 3.0

Other services ................................................... 5.0 1.2 4.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 0.4 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 0.5 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 0.4 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.4 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.5 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 0.6 1.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 0.5 1.9

New England ..................................................... 1.7 0.5 1.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 0.6 2.3

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.4 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 0.4 1.7

East South Central ............................................ 3.2 1.6 4.6

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 1.1 2.9

West ...................................................................... 2.4 0.4 2.3

Mountain ............................................................ 3.1 0.5 2.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 0.5 2.8

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, 

March 2020

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 25 55 17 2 3 () 7 6

Full time ................................................................. 23 54 20 2176

Part time ................................................................ 33 61 5––66

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 56 16 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29 57 12 1165

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 28 58 13 1 3 () 6 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 31 55 11 ––65

100 workers or more .............................................. 22 53 23 2 3 () 7 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 25 57 15 2 3 () 7 6

500 workers or more .......................................... 17 48 32 3 3 () 8 7

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 24 55 17 3176

Full time ................................................................. 22 54 20 3176

Part time ................................................................ 31 63 5––66

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 56 16 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 28 58 12 2165

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 58 13 1 3 () 6 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 57 11 ––65

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 53 22 3186

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 57 15 3176

500 workers or more .......................................... 15 48 32 4188

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 23 55 18 3176

Full time ................................................................. 22 53 21 3176

Part time ................................................................ 30 63 5––66

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 56 17 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 58 13 2165

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 58 13 1 3 () 6 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 56 12 ––65

100 workers or more .............................................. 20 53 23 3186

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 24 57 16 3176

500 workers or more .......................................... 15 48 32 4188

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 23 55 18 3176

Full time ................................................................. 22 54 21 3176

Part time ................................................................ 30 63 5––66

Nonunion ............................................................... 25 56 17 2176

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 58 13 2165

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 27 58 13 2 3 () 6 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 29 56 12 ––75

100 workers or more .............................................. 19 53 23 3186

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 23 57 16 3176

500 workers or more .......................................... 15 48 32 4198

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private

industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.9 0.8 – – 0.2 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 2.0 1.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 2.4 2.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 3.2 1.3 – – 0.3 0.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.7 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 2.9 2.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.8 0.8 – – 0.2 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 2.4 2.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 3.2 1.3 – – 0.3 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 2.7 2.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.8 0.8 – – 0.2 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 2.4 2.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.3 3.2 1.3 – – 0.3 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.7 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 2.8 2.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.7

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.7 2.8 0.8 – – 0.2 0.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.6 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.9 2.4 2.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 3.4 1.3 – – 0.3 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.8 1.5 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 2.8 2.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private industry workers, 

March 2020

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 47 11 37 53

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related:

Management, business, and financial .................. 50 13 37 50

Sales and office ..................................................... 42 8 34 58

Sales and related ............................................... 38 8 30 62

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 8 37 56

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 41 8 32 59

Full time ................................................................. 47 12 35 53

Nonunion ............................................................... 47 11 36 53

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 47 10 37 53

Third 25 percent ................................................ 47 11 36 53

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 51 12 39 49

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 42 7 34 58

Wholesale trade ............................................. 28 5 23 72

Retail trade .................................................... 40 8 32 60

Transportation and warehousing ................... 53 8 45 47

Information ......................................................... 34 15 19 66

Financial activities ............................................. 45 9 36 55

Finance and insurance .................................. 52 8 44 48

Credit intermediation and related activities 50 7 43 50

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 27 11 16 73

Education and health services:

Educational services ........................................ 76 12 64 24

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 82 16 66 18

Other services ................................................... 52 8 44 48

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 9 31 60

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 38 10 28 62

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 47 6 41 53

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private industry workers, 

March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 48 10 38 52

New England ..................................................... 51 6 45 49

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 47 12 36 53

South ..................................................................... 46 12 33 54

South Atlantic .................................................... 47 14 33 53

West ...................................................................... 50 12 38 50

Pacific ................................................................ 49 13 36 51

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private

industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related:

Management, business, and financial .................. 2.4 1.6 2.3 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 0.7 1.6 1.7

Sales and related ............................................... 2.6 1.2 2.2 2.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 0.9 2.1 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 2.8 1.5 2.7 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.1 1.3 1.8 2.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 1.1 1.6 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.7 0.7 1.7 1.7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.5 1.6 2.2 2.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.6 1.1 1.8 1.6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.3 1.8 4.9 4.3

Information ......................................................... 5.7 4.1 3.7 5.7

Financial activities ............................................. 2.4 1.4 2.1 2.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.6 1.6 2.3 2.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.5 1.7 3.2 3.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.0 2.5 3.0 4.0

Education and health services:

Educational services ........................................ 2.8 1.3 2.6 2.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9

Other services ................................................... 5.1 2.7 5.1 5.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 1.0 3.2 3.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, private

industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.0 1.4 2.8 3.0

New England ..................................................... 6.4 1.0 7.1 6.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.3 1.7 3.2 3.3

South ..................................................................... 1.7 1.9 1.3 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.6 2.9 1.8 2.6

West ...................................................................... 2.0 1.9 2.7 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.9 2.1 3.1 1.9

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry workers, March 2020

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)2

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 5 7 15 50 120 39

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related:

Management, business, and financial .................. 6 10 20 53 108 43

Sales and office ..................................................... 5 7 15 40 120 38

Sales and related ............................................... 5 6 10 20 42 21

Office and administrative support ...................... 5 10 20 60 120 45

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 5 5 – – – 52

Full time ................................................................. 5 8 20 60 120 42

Nonunion ............................................................... 5 7 13 30 87 31

Average wage within the following categories:3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5 6 12 30 90 30

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5 8 20 60 115 42

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5 9 20 60 120 42

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 5 7 20 – 150 57

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 5 10 30 – 19

Retail trade .................................................... 5 6 15 45 120 35

Transportation and warehousing ................... 6 10 – 150 240 96

Information ......................................................... – 10 – 65 – 49

Financial activities ............................................. – 12 13 30 90 36

Finance and insurance .................................. – 12 13 30 90 39

Credit intermediation and related activities 10 12 12 30 70 30

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5 10 – 30 – 20

Education and health services:

Educational services ........................................ 10 20 40 90 130 59

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 24 65 120 130 75

Other services ................................................... 5 – 15 30 40 24

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 6 10 30 56 24

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 6 10 20 36 20

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5 7 17 30 – 33

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)2

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 6 12 48 128 40

New England ..................................................... 5 5 10 30 – 32

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 7 12 60 – 44

South ..................................................................... 6 10 30 60 120 48

South Atlantic .................................................... 6 10 30 60 120 46

West ...................................................................... 5 6 12 – – 32

Pacific ................................................................ 5 6 10 – 120 33

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median,

half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the amount shown. At

the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same

logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)1

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 0.0 1.1 0.9 7.6 9.0 2.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related:

Management, business, and financial .................. 1.3 2.5 2.2 7.1 29.2 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.0 1.0 1.9 9.3 11.3 3.3

Sales and related ............................................... 1.2 0.0 0.9 4.4 7.6 1.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.0 0.4 1.4 3.5 3.9 4.3

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance:

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................... 0.0 0.4 – – – 10.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.0 1.4 2.0 3.8 4.1 2.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.0 0.3 2.4 4.2 12.7 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.0 0.3 1.4 5.2 13.2 2.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.0 0.8 1.9 0.0 19.6 3.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.0 1.5 1.0 2.2 1.6 2.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.0 1.2 1.8 – 29.9 7.0

Wholesale trade ............................................. – 0.0 1.4 6.8 – 1.9

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.5 2.6 5.1 0.0 2.4

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.0 2.6 – 34.1 28.5 12.9

Information ......................................................... – 1.4 – 10.8 – 12.2

Financial activities ............................................. – 1.8 2.3 0.0 16.5 3.1

Finance and insurance .................................. – 0.4 2.1 0.7 0.0 3.5

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.8 0.0 1.9 3.2 19.4 2.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.0 1.3 – 6.6 – 2.3

Education and health services:

Educational services ........................................ 1.0 1.4 11.0 0.0 0.0 3.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 4.8 17.2 1.0 0.0 2.3

Other services ................................................... 0.0 – 2.6 8.3 7.4 4.3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.8 10.2 1.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.0 0.2 0.0 3.1 4.4 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.0 1.5 3.9 5.0 – 4.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated (in number of days)1

Mean

number of

days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.0 0.7 1.9 12.7 22.7 6.9

New England ..................................................... 0.0 1.2 0.0 7.8 – 4.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.0 1.3 2.2 9.7 – 8.0

South ..................................................................... 0.2 0.8 8.5 5.6 6.8 3.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.0 1.2 7.9 4.8 8.2 5.1

West ...................................................................... 0.0 0.7 2.4 – – 4.2

Pacific ................................................................ 0.0 0.2 0.9 – 29.3 5.5

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median,

half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the amount shown. At

the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same

logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 8 32 34 17 7 3 11 10

Full time ................................................................. 5 30 36 18 8 3 11 10

Part time ................................................................ 28 42 21 6––75

Union ..................................................................... 7 42 37 10 4 1 9 10

Nonunion ............................................................... 8 30 34 17 7 3 11 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11 38 33 11 5 1 9 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 12 37 34 11 5 1 9 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 42 31 13 5 1 9 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 5 25 35 22 8 4 12 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6 31 35 19 5 2 11 10

500 workers or more .......................................... 4 17 35 25 12 7 14 13

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 3 11 31 32 16 8 15 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 9 30 34 17 8 15 15

Part time ................................................................ 9 28 36 19 5 3 11 10

Union ..................................................................... 1 8 46 29 13 4 14 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 12 29 32 16 8 15 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 16 35 30 11 4 13 12

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 18 35 28 11 4 13 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 12 35 35 11 5 14 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 6 27 34 20 11 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2 7 32 33 18 7 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 5 21 35 22 16 18 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 17 34 23 17 17 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 6 15 35 25 18 18 18

Part time ................................................................ 9 18 29 27 10 7 13 13

Union ..................................................................... 1 4 13 50 23 10 17 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 8 17 32 23 18 18 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 11 23 32 20 11 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 12 24 30 19 11 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 8 18 37 24 11 17 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 4 11 36 26 23 19 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 14 39 23 18 18 16

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 3 7 33 28 28 20 20

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 7 13 19 30 29 20 20

Full time ................................................................. 1 6 11 19 32 31 20 20

Part time ................................................................ 8 17 20 23 18 15 15 15

Union ..................................................................... – – 7 13 39 37 21 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 7 13 20 29 28 20 20

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 11 19 24 26 17 17 16

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 12 20 23 25 16 16 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2 8 15 26 30 20 18 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 7 15 34 40 22 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 4 8 21 33 33 22 20

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 3 5 9 35 48 24 25

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 1.8 2.0 0.7 – – 0.4 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 2.5 2.6 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.3 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.3 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.9 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.3 0.8

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 2.0 1.9 1.6 0.6 1.4 0.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 1.2 2.8 1.8 1.8 1.1 0.3 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.3 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.8 1.5 2.3 2.2 1.4 1.2 0.3 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.9 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.5 0.4 0.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.7 1.9 3.0 2.6 1.6 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.2 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.1 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.8 1.3 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.6 0.4 3 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.4 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.3 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 0.4 0.5

Union ..................................................................... – – 1.5 1.4 2.4 2.4 0.3 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.3 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 0.4 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.2 3 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.6 2.0 0.3 1.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 44 14 18 21 23 56 8 12 15 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 54 16 20 23 25 46 11 14 17 19

Management, business, and financial ............... 48 16 20 23 25 52 11 15 17 19

Professional and related .................................... 58 16 20 23 25 42 11 14 17 19

Service ................................................................... 46 13 18 20 22 54 7 10 13 14

Protective service .............................................. 40 15 19 24 25 60 7 10 13 15

Sales and office ..................................................... 44 13 18 21 24 56 8 12 15 17

Sales and related ............................................... 41 11 17 19 23 59 8 12 14 16

Office and administrative support ...................... 46 14 19 22 25 54 8 12 15 18

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 34 10 14 16 18 66 7 11 14 15

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 34 9 12 14 15 66 7 10 13 14

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 34 11 15 18 21 66 8 12 15 17

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 28 10 14 17 20 72 7 12 15 18

Production ......................................................... 31 10 14 17 21 69 7 12 15 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 24 10 14 17 20 76 7 12 15 18

Full time ................................................................. 45 14 19 22 24 55 9 13 15 18

Part time ................................................................ 37 10 13 15 17 63 6 10 12 15

Union ..................................................................... 23 14 18 21 24 77 8 12 16 20

Nonunion ............................................................... 46 14 18 21 23 54 8 12 15 17

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 39 11 16 18 20 61 6 10 13 15

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 34 10 14 15 17 66 6 10 12 13

Second 25 percent ............................................ 43 13 18 21 23 57 7 12 14 16

Third 25 percent ................................................ 44 14 18 21 23 56 8 12 15 17

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 49 16 20 23 25 51 11 14 17 20

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 51 16 20 23 25 49 12 15 18 20

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 33 10 14 17 20 67 7 12 14 17

Construction ...................................................... 36 9 12 14 15 64 7 10 12 13

Manufacturing .................................................... 33 11 15 18 21 67 8 12 15 18

Service-providing industries .................................. 46 15 19 21 24 54 8 12 15 17

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 33 11 16 19 23 67 7 12 15 18

Wholesale trade ............................................. 32 12 16 19 21 68 8 12 15 17

Retail trade .................................................... 39 11 17 19 24 61 6 11 13 16

Transportation and warehousing ................... 24 11 16 19 23 76 8 12 16 20

Utilities ........................................................... 31 16 20 22 27 69 11 14 17 21

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

Information ......................................................... 44 18 22 25 27 56 11 14 17 21

Financial activities ............................................. 49 17 21 24 26 51 11 15 17 19

Finance and insurance .................................. 55 18 22 25 27 45 12 16 17 20

Credit intermediation and related activities 45 18 22 26 27 55 12 15 17 20

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 71 17 22 24 27 29 11 15 17 20

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 30 13 17 18 19 70 10 14 16 17

Professional and business services .................. 48 14 18 21 23 52 9 13 16 18

Professional and technical services .............. 63 14 18 20 23 37 10 14 16 18

Administrative and waste services ................ 36 14 18 21 22 64 7 12 15 16

Education and health services ........................... 63 17 21 24 25 37 9 13 16 17

Educational services ...................................... 24 13 16 19 20 76 13 17 19 21

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 15 16 20 23 24 85 14 17 20 22

Health care and social assistance ................. 67 17 21 24 25 33 9 13 15 16

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 38 10 15 17 19 62 6 10 12 13

Accommodation and food services ................ 35 9 15 17 19 65 6 10 12 13

Other services ................................................... 34 9 13 14 16 66 8 12 14 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 40 12 16 19 20 60 7 11 13 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 39 12 16 18 20 61 7 11 13 14

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 43 12 17 20 21 57 7 12 14 16

100 workers or more .............................................. 48 15 20 23 25 52 9 13 16 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 46 14 19 21 25 54 8 13 16 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 50 17 21 24 27 50 10 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 38 15 19 21 23 62 9 13 15 17

New England ..................................................... 39 15 19 21 24 61 10 14 16 18

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 37 15 19 21 23 63 9 13 15 17

South ..................................................................... 44 13 18 21 23 56 8 12 14 16

South Atlantic .................................................... 42 14 18 20 23 58 8 12 14 16

East South Central ............................................ 39 13 17 20 23 61 8 11 14 16

West South Central ........................................... 50 13 18 21 23 50 8 12 14 17

Midwest ................................................................. 46 14 18 21 24 54 8 13 15 18

East North Central ............................................. 44 13 18 21 24 56 8 13 15 19

West North Central ............................................ 52 15 19 22 24 48 7 12 15 18

West ...................................................................... 46 14 18 21 23 54 8 12 15 17

Mountain ............................................................ 53 14 18 21 23 47 8 13 16 18

Pacific ................................................................ 43 14 18 20 22 57 8 12 15 17

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March

2020

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3

Service ................................................................... 2.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 6.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 6.8 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Sales and related ............................................... 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.2 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 3.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.7 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Production ......................................................... 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 2.6 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 2.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 2.4 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 3.6 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

Construction ...................................................... 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 2.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5

Retail trade .................................................... 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.7 3.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5

Utilities ........................................................... 5.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 5.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

Information ......................................................... 4.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.0 4.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 2.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.7 0.9 1.2 1.6 1.7 4.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.6

Professional and business services .................. 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5

Professional and technical services .............. 3.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 3.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 3.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 2.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 3.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 3.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.7 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4.5 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.3 4.5 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.9 0.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 3.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

Other services ................................................... 4.0 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.4 4.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.9 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.8 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

New England ..................................................... 4.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 4.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.0 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

East South Central ............................................ 4.6 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 4.6 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 2.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 3.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

West ...................................................................... 2.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

Mountain ............................................................ 2.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6

Pacific ................................................................ 2.9 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.0 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 11 7 13 8 41 51

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 19 18 26 15 59 68

Management, business, and financial ............... 20 25 32 16 61 68

Professional and related .................................... 19 14 22 15 58 67

Service ................................................................... 10 2 10 6 22 30

Protective service .............................................. 6 – – 4 16 25

Sales and office ..................................................... 8 7 11 7 44 54

Sales and related ............................................... 5 5 10 4 38 53

Office and administrative support ...................... 10 8 12 8 48 55

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5 1 4 3 27 34

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 5 1 3 3 21 26

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 6 2 4 4 33 44

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5 2 4 3 44 54

Production ......................................................... 8 3 5 3 48 54

Transportation and material moving .................. 2 1 3 3 40 55

Full time ................................................................. 12 9 14 9 47 57

Part time ................................................................ 6 2 10 3 24 33

Union ..................................................................... 16 2 5 9 58 75

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 8 14 8 40 48

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 1 8 3 24 32

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 – 8 3 16 23

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 4 8 6 39 48

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11 8 12 9 47 56

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 21 18 26 15 62 71

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 26 23 32 20 68 78

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 8 6 10 4 46 52

Construction ...................................................... 2 3 4 4 20 25

Manufacturing .................................................... 11 7 12 5 59 65

Service-providing industries .................................. 11 8 14 9 41 50

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 3 3 5 3 44 59

Wholesale trade ............................................. 5 10 9 5 36 52

Retail trade .................................................... 2 1 5 2 41 58

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2 – 3 4 55 67

Utilities ........................................................... 17 5 – 14 79 84

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

Information ......................................................... 39 16 31 25 62 75

Financial activities ............................................. 17 18 27 16 63 72

Finance and insurance .................................. 22 22 33 20 77 83

Credit intermediation and related activities 24 12 22 13 77 83

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 15 34 46 28 76 82

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4 4 12 5 23 40

Professional and business services .................. 12 19 22 10 37 44

Professional and technical services .............. 16 30 39 15 48 57

Administrative and waste services ................ 3 5 5 4 14 22

Education and health services ........................... 18 4 13 11 47 57

Educational services ...................................... 25 7 13 13 49 56

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 40 11 17 27 76 86

Health care and social assistance ................. 18 4 13 11 47 57

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 7 – 7 6 21 24

Accommodation and food services ................ 7 – 8 6 21 23

Other services ................................................... 4 5 12 4 17 26

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5 6 11 5 23 31

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5 6 10 5 20 27

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 7 13 6 36 46

100 workers or more .............................................. 17 9 15 11 62 73

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9 6 13 8 54 66

500 workers or more .......................................... 28 12 18 16 74 83

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 13 7 17 11 43 52

New England ..................................................... 14 8 19 14 47 57

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 13 7 16 11 41 50

South ..................................................................... 10 8 12 7 41 47

South Atlantic .................................................... 12 8 13 8 42 48

East South Central ............................................ 6 7 9 2 42 48

West South Central ........................................... 10 7 12 7 38 45

Midwest ................................................................. 9 8 12 5 44 55

East North Central ............................................. 10 9 12 5 45 55

West North Central ............................................ 8 6 11 5 43 56

West ...................................................................... 10 6 12 10 39 50

Mountain ............................................................ 10 9 12 6 41 54

Pacific ................................................................ 10 5 12 11 38 48

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care center, or a baby

sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2020

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.3 2.1 2.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.8

Service ................................................................... 1.3 0.6 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 – – 1.8 4.0 4.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.2 1.1

Sales and related ............................................... 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.6 1.5 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.6

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 0.9 0.2 0.9 0.8 2.1 2.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.9 2.1 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.5 2.0 1.7

Production ......................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.6 2.7 2.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7 2.4 2.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.1 1.0

Part time ................................................................ 0.9 0.4 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.6 0.8 1.3 2.7 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.6 1.4 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.1 – 1.6 0.9 1.9 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.6 1.8 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.7 0.4 0.9 0.5 2.0 1.9

Construction ...................................................... 0.6 0.4 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.0 0.7 1.3 0.7 2.5 2.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.3 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.5 1.4

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.1 2.5 2.1

Retail trade .................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.4 1.5 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 0.7 – 1.7 1.4 4.5 3.6

Utilities ........................................................... 1.7 1.7 – 3.2 5.1 3.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

Information ......................................................... 3.4 2.7 3.4 3.2 4.0 3.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.8 1.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.0

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.9 1.4 2.3 1.4 2.1 2.3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.6 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.4 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 1.8 1.4 2.5 2.3 4.4 4.9

Professional and business services .................. 1.3 1.6 2.1 1.4 2.1 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.1 3.4 4.1 2.2 3.0 4.1

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.3 2.6 3.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 0.9 1.9 1.0 3.9 2.7

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 1.2 2.2 1.1 2.1 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.8 1.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 1.0 2.2 1.1 4.5 3.1

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.5 – 1.8 1.4 2.3 2.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.8 – 2.0 1.6 2.6 2.7

Other services ................................................... 1.7 1.3 2.3 1.9 2.7 2.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.5 1.0 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.0 2.2 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.6 1.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.9 1.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 2.4 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 1.0 2.2 0.6 2.1 1.3

New England ..................................................... 1.2 2.7 1.7 1.7 2.6 3.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 0.9 3.1 0.8 2.7 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.5 1.8 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.8 2.9 2.4

East South Central ............................................ 0.6 1.6 2.8 0.6 3.1 4.1

West South Central ........................................... 1.2 0.9 2.1 0.7 2.6 2.8

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.4 3.1 2.2

East North Central ............................................. 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.5 3.9 2.9

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 1.2 2.5 0.7 4.9 3.3

West ...................................................................... 1.0 0.6 1.3 0.9 1.6 1.8

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.2 2.7 1.0 2.5 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.2 2.1 2.4

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care center, or a baby

sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repaymentFlexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 32 12 40 43 14 5 21 4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 50 20 60 64 19 8 31 7

Management, business, and financial ............... 56 20 66 68 18 9 34 7

Professional and related .................................... 46 20 57 62 20 8 29 6

Service ................................................................... 13 6 19 21 8 3 10 3

Protective service .............................................. 14 6 15 34 8 6 10 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 36 11 40 43 12 4 24 2

Sales and related ............................................... 31 6 31 33 9 2 23 2

Office and administrative support ...................... 40 14 46 49 15 5 24 3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 23 9 25 28 13 5 13 2

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 18 7 16 18 10 5 9 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 29 11 35 39 16 4 17 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 26 12 42 44 19 7 20 2

Production ......................................................... 28 16 44 46 20 10 26 3

Transportation and material moving .................. 24 9 40 42 18 4 15 1

Full time ................................................................. 39 16 47 51 16 6 24 4

Part time ................................................................ 11 3 17 17 9 2 13 2

Union ..................................................................... 29 13 56 61 27 8 26 2

Nonunion ............................................................... 32 12 38 41 13 5 21 4

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 15 5 18 18 9 3 13 2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 8 5 12 11 6 2 7 2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 29 10 37 41 12 4 18 3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 37 16 46 50 16 6 23 3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 52 21 64 68 21 9 33 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 59 23 71 76 24 10 37 9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 33 15 41 44 13 7 25 3

Construction ...................................................... 18 7 15 19 8 3 9 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 40 19 54 57 16 9 33 4

Service-providing industries .................................. 32 12 39 42 15 5 20 4

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 32 8 39 40 12 2 22 1

Wholesale trade ............................................. 35 16 41 49 13 3 16 2

Retail trade .................................................... 30 3 30 30 7 1 27 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 32 9 57 57 24 3 13 2

Utilities ........................................................... 61 27 63 63 16 – 47 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repaymentFlexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Information ......................................................... 56 20 72 76 31 – 39 7

Financial activities ............................................. 55 23 67 67 17 9 35 7

Finance and insurance .................................. 67 27 78 79 18 10 44 9

Credit intermediation and related activities 68 26 79 82 18 12 40 6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 66 29 75 74 17 7 48 11

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 19 10 33 33 11 – 10 –

Professional and business services .................. 40 13 41 46 19 8 20 4

Professional and technical services .............. 58 18 54 58 17 9 31 7

Administrative and waste services ................ 14 4 16 22 20 7 4 –

Education and health services ........................... 30 17 45 50 19 7 19 4

Educational services ...................................... 39 19 52 54 27 12 25 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 56 30 83 87 45 19 40 4

Health care and social assistance ................. 28 17 44 50 18 6 18 5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 9 4 14 14 5 – 10 4

Accommodation and food services ................ 10 4 14 14 4 – 10 4

Other services ................................................... 19 6 19 23 8 2 8 3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 20 7 23 26 11 4 10 3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 18 6 20 22 9 3 8 2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28 11 34 40 16 5 16 4

100 workers or more .............................................. 45 18 59 61 19 8 34 5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 40 15 50 51 16 6 31 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 52 24 72 76 24 9 38 6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 28 11 42 46 17 8 21 4

New England ..................................................... 31 13 50 53 18 9 26 6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 27 11 39 44 16 7 19 4

South ..................................................................... 31 15 36 39 12 5 22 4

South Atlantic .................................................... 29 14 37 40 13 6 23 4

East South Central ............................................ 28 15 34 34 15 – 22 6

West South Central ........................................... 34 15 36 39 10 2 20 4

Midwest ................................................................. 36 14 43 45 16 4 23 3

East North Central ............................................. 35 15 44 46 18 5 23 2

West North Central ............................................ 36 13 42 44 10 2 21 3

West ...................................................................... 34 8 39 42 15 6 18 3

Mountain ............................................................ 36 10 41 43 14 6 19 3

Pacific ................................................................ 33 7 39 42 15 5 18 3

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or

individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 4 An individual retirement plan that can be sponsored by the employer, but with no employer contributions. The employee establishes either a traditional (with

tax-deductible contributions) or Roth (contributions are made post-tax but accumulate tax-free until retirement) IRA plan with a financial institution, and authorizes the

payroll deduction by the employer. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repayment

Flexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.6

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.6 1.2 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.2 1.7 1.8 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.9

Service ................................................................... 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.7 1.3 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 3.6 2.5 3.7 8.1 2.8 2.4 2.8 –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.3

Sales and related ............................................... 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.4 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.6 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.3 0.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.0 1.2 1.7 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.8 1.4 2.7 2.6 1.4 0.6 1.7 0.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.2 0.4

Production ......................................................... 1.7 1.4 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.0 0.7

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.4 1.4 2.6 2.7 1.6 1.0 1.3 0.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 0.7 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 1.4 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.6 2.2 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.3

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.8 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.6 1.5 1.3 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.7 1.4 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.0 1.9 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.6 0.3

Construction ...................................................... 1.8 1.2 1.3 2.0 1.3 0.7 1.4 –

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 1.3 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 0.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.3

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.9 1.5 0.8 1.9 0.9

Retail trade .................................................... 1.1 0.6 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.2 –

Transportation and warehousing ................... 4.1 1.6 3.7 3.9 2.6 0.9 2.0 0.9

Utilities ........................................................... 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.3 – 4.5 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Payroll

deduction

IRA4

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repayment

Flexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

Information ......................................................... 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.1 – 3.6 2.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.7 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.8 1.4 0.6

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.6 1.1 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.7 0.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.4 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.3 1.1 2.2 0.8

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.4 1.8 1.0 2.8 1.6

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.9 2.7 4.5 4.8 2.8 – 3.0 –

Professional and business services .................. 2.6 1.4 2.0 2.5 1.3 0.9 2.0 1.0

Professional and technical services .............. 3.2 2.3 2.7 3.6 2.0 2.1 3.4 2.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.2 1.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.1 0.9 –

Education and health services ........................... 2.2 1.6 2.9 3.1 1.7 1.2 2.0 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 1.9 2.5 3.1 2.7 1.8 2.8 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 1.8 2.5 2.2 2.4 1.8 4.1 1.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.4 1.8 3.3 3.5 1.9 1.3 2.3 0.8

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1 – 2.0 1.3

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.3 – 2.2 1.5

Other services ................................................... 2.7 1.5 3.1 2.7 1.7 0.8 1.8 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.4 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.2 1.7 0.9 1.9 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.4 0.7

New England ..................................................... 2.1 1.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.6 3.4 2.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.1 1.1 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.7 0.5

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.8 1.3 1.6 0.9 0.9 1.3 0.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.3 1.2 1.8 2.5 1.0 1.2 2.0 0.5

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 3.1 2.0 2.6 3.5 – 2.8 1.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.1 1.1 2.3 2.6 1.8 0.5 2.0 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.0 1.9 2.3 0.8 0.5 2.1 0.4

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 1.1 2.4 2.9 1.2 0.8 3.0 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 3.0 2.3 2.9 3.7 0.6 0.5 1.7 0.7

West ...................................................................... 1.8 0.9 1.9 1.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.6

Mountain ............................................................ 3.2 1.5 3.4 3.3 0.9 2.0 1.8 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 1.1 2.2 2.4 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.7

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement plans or

individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code. The employees’

contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 4 An individual retirement plan that can be sponsored by the employer, but with no employer contributions. The employee establishes either a traditional (with

tax-deductible contributions) or Roth (contributions are made post-tax but accumulate tax-free until retirement) IRA plan with a financial institution, and authorizes the

payroll deduction by the employer. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, private industry workers,

 March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 14 13 12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 26 20 18

Management, business, and financial ............... 31 23 21

Professional and related .................................... 23 18 16

Service ................................................................... 7 2 2

Protective service .............................................. 4 3 3

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 13 12

Sales and related ............................................... 9 8 8

Office and administrative support ...................... 17 16 15

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 8 11 11

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 4 10 11

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 12 13 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 17 16

Production ......................................................... 12 14 12

Transportation and material moving .................. 9 20 19

Full time ................................................................. 17 16 15

Part time ................................................................ 5 4 4

Union ..................................................................... 20 37 36

Nonunion ............................................................... 14 11 10

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5 3 2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 3 1 1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 10 9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 16 15 14

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 28 27 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 33 29 26

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 11 15 14

Construction ...................................................... 2 7 9

Manufacturing .................................................... 16 19 17

Service-providing industries .................................. 15 12 11

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 10 14 13

Wholesale trade ............................................. 11 6 4

Retail trade .................................................... 7 6 6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 15 38 37

Utilities ........................................................... 41 66 60

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, private industry workers,

 March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

Information ......................................................... 39 31 30

Financial activities ............................................. 40 38 37

Finance and insurance .................................. 50 50 48

Credit intermediation and related activities 50 56 54

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 47 42 40

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 11 4 4

Professional and business services .................. 16 11 10

Professional and technical services .............. 20 11 11

Administrative and waste services ................ 3 3 3

Education and health services ........................... 17 9 8

Educational services ...................................... 26 22 22

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 50 44 43

Health care and social assistance ................. 16 7 6

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 4 – 4 ( )

Accommodation and food services ................ 3 – –

Other services ................................................... 5 – 4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7 4 4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6 4 4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 6 6

100 workers or more .............................................. 23 22 20

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 17 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 32 35 32

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 16 16

New England ..................................................... 16 16 15

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 15 15 16

South ..................................................................... 15 13 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 15 11 9

East South Central ............................................ 15 14 12

West South Central ........................................... 14 15 13

Midwest ................................................................. 13 13 13

East North Central ............................................. 14 14 14

West North Central ............................................ 12 11 9

West ...................................................................... 14 10 9

Mountain ............................................................ 18 12 11

Pacific ................................................................ 13 10 9

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.9 0.9

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.8 1.3 1.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.1 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.0 0.8 0.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.6 0.6

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 0.7 0.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 1.1 0.8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.0 1.5 1.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.6 1.5 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.5 1.4

Production ......................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.2 2.3 2.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 0.5 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.4 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 2.8 2.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.4 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.7 0.3 0.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.8 0.2 0.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.7 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.9 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.7 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.9 0.9 0.7

Construction ...................................................... 0.7 1.3 1.2

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.0

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.5 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.7 1.0 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.7 1.2 0.9

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.6

Transportation and warehousing ................... 2.7 3.9 3.5

Utilities ........................................................... 5.3 4.6 4.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access,

private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

Information ......................................................... 3.7 3.3 3.3

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 1.5 1.5

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.0 1.7 1.7

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.7 2.5 2.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.3 2.7 2.8

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 3.2 1.2 1.4

Professional and business services .................. 1.4 1.2 1.1

Professional and technical services .............. 2.4 1.9 1.8

Administrative and waste services ................ 0.9 0.9 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 0.9 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 1.5 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 2.4 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.9 0.9 1.0

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.4 – 0.2

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.3 – –

Other services ................................................... 1.5 – 1.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.7 0.3 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.1 0.6 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.9 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 0.8 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.8 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 0.6 0.9

New England ..................................................... 2.5 1.9 1.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 0.6 1.0

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.0 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 2.4 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 1.3 1.8 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 1.1 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 1.4 1.5

West ...................................................................... 0.9 0.8 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 1.7 1.5 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.0 1.0 1.1

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 40 7 3 11 6 4 1 6 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 49 8 6 15 4 5 1 8 14

Management, business, and financial ............... 60 10 7 19 5 4 1 10 17

Professional and related .................................... 43 7 5 13 4 5 1 8 12

Service ................................................................... 25 2 2 7 5 3 1 4 4

Protective service .............................................. 33 2 – – – 2 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 42 10 3 10 7 4 1 6 8

Sales and related ............................................... 35 13 1 7 6 2 1 5 5

Office and administrative support ...................... 47 8 4 12 8 5 1 7 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 43 6 1 15 12 3 1 4 8

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 42 6 – 16 13 1 – 1 7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 44 6 2 14 11 4 1 6 9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 41 8 1 9 7 4 1 5 15

Production ......................................................... 48 11 1 13 8 4 1 5 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 35 4 1 6 6 4 1 5 14

Full time ................................................................. 46 8 4 13 7 4 1 7 12

Part time ................................................................ 22 4 1 5 4 2 1 3 3

Union ..................................................................... 31 9 2 3 1 7 – 4 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 41 7 3 12 7 4 1 6 9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 26 5 1 6 5 2 1 4 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 1 1 5 4 – – 2 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 41 6 2 11 9 3 1 5 9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 46 8 3 13 7 5 1 6 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 52 10 6 15 4 6 1 9 15

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 56 12 7 17 3 6 1 10 16

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 50 10 1 17 8 3 1 4 15

Construction ...................................................... 41 5 1 18 11 – – 3 5

Manufacturing .................................................... 55 13 2 16 6 5 1 5 20

Service-providing industries .................................. 38 6 3 10 6 4 1 6 9

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 38 12 1 7 8 3 1 4 7

Wholesale trade ............................................. 47 6 1 16 12 3 – 5 9

Retail trade .................................................... 36 17 1 4 8 2 1 4 2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 36 7 – 6 2 7 – 4 19

Utilities ........................................................... 43 – – 20 – 9 – – 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

Information ......................................................... 69 16 7 26 2 20 – 24 20

Financial activities ............................................. 65 11 9 18 5 3 2 9 21

Finance and insurance .................................. 74 13 12 19 4 2 2 10 25

Credit intermediation and related activities 70 11 5 16 4 3 1 12 29

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 75 12 21 19 4 2 4 8 19

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 41 6 – – 9 4 3 7 10

Professional and business services .................. 43 5 6 14 4 3 – 9 12

Professional and technical services .............. 55 8 10 18 4 3 – 9 15

Administrative and waste services ................ 26 – 1 8 4 3 – 6 6

Education and health services ........................... 32 1 3 7 6 5 1 6 9

Educational services ...................................... 17 – 2 – 3 5 – 1 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 17 – 3 – – 8 – 2 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 34 1 3 8 7 6 1 7 9

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 22 2 – 7 4 2 1 4 1

Accommodation and food services ................ 24 2 – 8 3 2 2 4 2

Other services ................................................... 26 – – 8 13 – – – 2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 37 3 2 14 9 3 1 4 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 36 3 2 14 9 3 1 3 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 39 4 2 11 9 2 1 8 9

100 workers or more .............................................. 44 11 4 8 3 5 1 8 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 43 12 3 8 5 5 1 8 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 44 10 5 9 2 6 1 8 18

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 39 5 3 13 4 6 1 5 9

New England ..................................................... 39 3 – 16 4 4 – 5 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 39 5 4 12 4 6 1 5 10

South ..................................................................... 43 8 3 13 9 3 1 6 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 44 7 4 13 10 3 1 7 10

East South Central ............................................ 41 9 3 9 9 2 – 4 13

West South Central ........................................... 43 9 2 15 8 2 2 4 9

Midwest ................................................................. 41 8 2 9 5 4 1 8 12

East North Central ............................................. 42 8 3 9 5 4 1 8 13

West North Central ............................................ 40 9 2 9 6 3 1 9 10

West ...................................................................... 35 6 3 9 4 4 1 4 8

Mountain ............................................................ 39 7 3 10 7 2 1 5 11

Pacific ................................................................ 33 6 2 8 3 5 – 4 7

1 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.7 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.8 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.8 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.7 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 5.8 0.8 – – – 0.8 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5

Sales and related ............................................... 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 0.8 0.3 1.1 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.6 1.3

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 3.6 1.5 – 1.8 2.6 0.5 – 0.5 2.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.9 0.5 0.5 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.2 1.1 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.1

Production ......................................................... 1.8 1.2 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.3

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.0 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.4 1.0 – 0.7 1.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.9 – – 0.6 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.7 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 1.1 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.7 1.0

Construction ...................................................... 2.4 1.3 0.4 1.5 2.2 – – 0.6 1.8

Manufacturing .................................................... 2.5 1.2 0.6 1.5 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.4

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.7 1.1 0.6 1.9 1.9 0.8 – 1.4 1.4

Retail trade .................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.2 1.1 – 2.0 0.6 2.2 – 1.6 3.1

Utilities ........................................................... 7.0 – – 4.5 – 2.6 – – 2.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Cash

profit-sharing

bonus

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

Information ......................................................... 3.9 2.2 1.5 2.5 0.7 2.9 – 3.5 2.5

Financial activities ............................................. 1.9 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.1

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.7 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 3.0 1.6 0.7 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.9 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.2 1.5 2.6 1.6 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 5.1 2.8 – – 2.9 0.9 1.4 2.9 2.7

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.3 0.6 – 1.4 1.4

Professional and technical services .............. 4.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.0 – 1.9 1.8

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.5 – 0.4 1.6 1.7 1.2 – 1.4 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.5 0.2 0.5 1.6 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.3

Educational services ...................................... 3.5 – 0.5 – 1.2 0.8 – 0.1 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.3 – 0.5 – – 1.3 – 0.2 0.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 0.2 0.5 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.5

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2.9 0.7 – 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.6

Accommodation and food services ................ 3.3 0.8 – 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.7

Other services ................................................... 3.2 – – 2.6 3.0 – – – 0.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6

New England ..................................................... 4.6 0.4 – 3.5 0.6 0.8 – 0.9 1.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.8 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.3 1.0 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.7 2.2 1.0 1.6 1.0 0.4 – 1.3 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 0.7 0.7 2.0 1.2 0.3 0.6 0.7 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.8 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 0.8 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.2 0.9 1.4

West North Central ............................................ 2.6 1.4 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.8 1.6

West ...................................................................... 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 1.0 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.6 0.8 0.6 1.6 2.6 0.8 0.2 1.6 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 – 1.2 1.2

1 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, private industry

workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 10 9 43 40

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 16 16 61 56

Management, business, and financial ............... 18 19 67 62

Professional and related .................................... 15 14 57 53

Service ................................................................... 4 3 24 24

Protective service .............................................. 4 4 28 27

Sales and office ..................................................... 9 9 44 42

Sales and related ............................................... 5 5 35 33

Office and administrative support ...................... 12 11 51 48

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 9 8 38 36

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 8 7 35 35

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 10 9 41 37

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 9 39 35

Production ......................................................... 7 5 36 31

Transportation and material moving .................. 12 13 41 38

Full time ................................................................. 11 11 51 47

Part time ................................................................ 5 5 18 18

Union ..................................................................... 37 31 65 57

Nonunion ............................................................... 7 7 41 39

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2 3 20 20

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 1 14 14

Second 25 percent ............................................ 7 7 41 39

Third 25 percent ................................................ 11 10 49 46

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 21 20 67 60

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 24 22 75 67

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 9 8 42 40

Construction ...................................................... 6 6 33 34

Manufacturing .................................................... 11 9 47 43

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 10 43 40

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 9 9 44 41

Wholesale trade ............................................. 3 4 42 40

Retail trade .................................................... 5 5 38 36

Transportation and warehousing ................... 21 22 59 51

Utilities ........................................................... 40 36 73 72

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, private industry

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

Information ......................................................... 18 11 74 44

Financial activities ............................................. 27 26 66 63

Finance and insurance .................................. 34 33 75 72

Credit intermediation and related activities 37 35 76 73

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 27 28 70 69

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 6 – 39 38

Professional and business services .................. 10 10 47 43

Professional and technical services .............. 9 10 59 55

Administrative and waste services ................ 3 3 23 21

Education and health services ........................... 10 9 45 44

Educational services ...................................... 8 9 45 42

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 10 11 63 56

Health care and social assistance ................. 10 9 45 44

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 2 3 20 20

Accommodation and food services ................ 2 3 18 19

Other services ................................................... 6 6 22 23

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 4 29 29

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4 3 25 25

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6 6 43 43

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 15 58 53

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 11 11 51 48

500 workers or more .......................................... 24 22 67 60

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 14 47 45

New England ..................................................... 13 13 46 44

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 15 15 47 45

South ..................................................................... 8 8 36 34

South Atlantic .................................................... 8 7 35 33

East South Central ............................................ 6 5 33 31

West South Central ........................................... 8 9 39 38

Midwest ................................................................. 9 7 35 30

East North Central ............................................. 9 7 35 29

West North Central ............................................ 8 8 33 32

West ...................................................................... 10 10 58 56

Mountain ............................................................ 9 9 51 47

Pacific ................................................................ 11 11 61 59

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.9 1.5 1.5 2.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.7

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.4 1.8 2.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.0 1.0 4.6 4.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.9 1.0 2.1 2.0

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 1.5 1.6 2.6 2.7

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.1 1.2 2.8 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.3

Production ......................................................... 0.8 0.6 1.8 1.5

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.8

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 0.6 1.5 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.4 0.5 2.4 2.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.6 0.5 1.3 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 0.7 0.7 1.5 1.3

Construction ...................................................... 1.4 1.4 2.1 2.1

Manufacturing .................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.5 1.2 1.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2

Wholesale trade ............................................. 0.6 0.6 2.6 2.3

Retail trade .................................................... 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.2

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.6 3.7 4.7 3.6

Utilities ........................................................... 6.1 6.3 4.9 5.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

private industry workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

Information ......................................................... 2.6 1.9 3.0 2.8

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.3

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.3 2.5 1.4 1.9

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.3 2.5 2.0 1.9

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.1 – 4.5 4.6

Professional and business services .................. 1.6 1.4 2.8 3.0

Professional and technical services .............. 1.9 2.0 3.4 3.8

Administrative and waste services ................ 1.0 1.0 3.0 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.2 2.3 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.7 1.7 2.6 2.4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 1.4 2.6 2.7

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 0.5 0.6 2.3 2.3

Accommodation and food services ................ 0.5 0.7 2.5 2.6

Other services ................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.9 0.9 2.4 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 0.8 1.8 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.5 2.1 2.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4

New England ..................................................... 2.1 2.1 3.7 3.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.5

South ..................................................................... 0.6 0.7 2.3 2.1

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.7 3.8 3.4

East South Central ............................................ 1.2 1.1 3.0 2.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.7 1.8 2.4 3.0

Midwest ................................................................. 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.9

East North Central ............................................. 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 1.1 1.9 1.6

West ...................................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.9 1.7

Mountain ............................................................ 1.0 1.0 2.3 1.9

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 1.2 2.6 2.3

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 59 10 8 23 55 15 1 29

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 80 7 4 9 77 10 1 12

Management, business, and financial ............... 86 8 2 4 83 12 1 () 5

Professional and related .................................... 76 7 6 12 73 9 1 16

Service ................................................................... 32 13 9 46 27 18 1 54

Protective service .............................................. 51 – – 19 – 36 – 32

Sales and office ..................................................... 59 8 14 19 52 15 3 30

Sales and related ............................................... 46 7 24 23 37 16 3 44

Office and administrative support ...................... 68 8 8 16 62 14 2 21

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 58 16 4 23 53 21 1 26

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 52 19 5 24 44 27 1 ( ) 28

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 65 12 2 21 62 – – 23

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 65 11 5 19 62 14 1 22

Production ......................................................... 69 11 3 17 67 13 1 18

Transportation and material moving .................. 61 12 6 21 58 15 1 26

Full time ................................................................. 73 12 3 12 69 16 1 14

Part time ................................................................ 17 5 22 56 11 12 3 75

Union ..................................................................... 90 6 2 3 82 14 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 57 10 8 25 52 15 2 31

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 27 11 16 46 22 15 2 60

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 15 12 15 59 12 14 1 72

Second 25 percent ............................................ 60 12 7 22 54 17 2 27

Third 25 percent ................................................ 75 11 4 11 69 16 1 14

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 85 7 2 6 82 10 1 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 89 6 1 4 88 7 1 5

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 73 12 3 12 69 17 1 14

Construction ...................................................... 56 18 4 22 45 29 1 ( ) 26

Manufacturing .................................................... 82 9 2 7 80 11 1 8

Service-providing industries .................................. 56 10 9 25 52 14 2 32

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 59 9 16 16 53 15 3 30

Wholesale trade ............................................. 76 10 4 9 70 16 2 12

Retail trade .................................................... 45 8 27 20 38 16 4 42

Transportation and warehousing ................... 76 8 3 13 72 – – 15

Utilities ........................................................... 94 – – – 95 3 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 15 55 1 30 56 13 8 23

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 22 65 1 ( ) 13 78 8 4 9

Management, business, and financial ............... 25 69 – – 86 8 1 4

Professional and related .................................... 20 62 1 17 74 8 6 12

Service ................................................................... 5 40 1 54 29 16 8 47

Protective service .............................................. – 58 – 33 49 – – 19

Sales and office ..................................................... 13 54 1 32 57 10 14 19

Sales and related ............................................... 8 46 1 45 44 9 24 23

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 60 1 23 65 11 8 16

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 56 – 26 52 22 4 23

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 51 – 29 44 28 5 24

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 15 61 – 23 61 16 2 21

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 17 59 1 23 59 17 5 19

Production ......................................................... – 64 – 19 67 13 3 17

Transportation and material moving .................. 19 54 1 26 52 21 6 21

Full time ................................................................. 18 67 1 ( ) 15 70 15 3 12

Part time ................................................................ 5 17 2 76 14 9 21 56

Union ..................................................................... 64 32 1 4 60 36 1 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 57 1 32 56 11 8 25

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3 35 1 61 25 13 16 46

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1 26 1 ( ) 73 14 12 15 59

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 60 1 28 56 15 6 22

Third 25 percent ................................................ 18 67 1 ( ) 14 71 14 4 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 31 61 – – 81 11 2 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 32 62 – – 87 8 1 4

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 19 66 – – 70 15 3 12

Construction ...................................................... – 59 – 26 48 26 4 22

Manufacturing .................................................... 21 69 – – 81 9 2 7

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 52 1 33 53 13 9 25

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 14 54 2 31 53 15 16 16

Wholesale trade ............................................. 8 78 1 13 74 12 4 9

Retail trade .................................................... 7 46 3 44 41 13 26 20

Transportation and warehousing ................... 30 54 – – 61 23 3 13

Utilities ........................................................... 69 29 – – 93 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Information ......................................................... 75 11 1 13 79 – – 14

Financial activities ............................................. 80 7 4 9 79 8 1 12

Finance and insurance .................................. 90 3 2 4 88 5 1 6

Credit intermediation and related activities 93 3 1 2 91 5 1 3

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 87 3 4 7 85 5 1 10

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 51 18 8 23 51 – – 31

Professional and business services .................. 62 11 4 24 57 16 1 27

Professional and technical services .............. 79 8 3 10 75 13 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 33 17 5 45 29 21 1 49

Education and health services ........................... 62 10 8 20 58 14 2 25

Educational services ...................................... 67 6 3 24 63 – – 26

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 – – 9 85 – – 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 62 10 9 19 58 14 3 25

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 25 11 8 56 19 – – 64

Accommodation and food services ................ 24 11 9 56 19 – – 65

Other services ................................................... 39 11 7 44 31 – – 50

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 43 13 10 34 38 18 2 42

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 38 12 11 39 33 17 2 48

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 59 15 10 16 56 19 1 24

100 workers or more .............................................. 78 7 5 10 74 12 1 14

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 8 7 12 68 13 1 17

500 workers or more .......................................... 85 5 3 7 81 9 1 9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 58 11 8 23 53 16 1 30

New England ..................................................... 62 11 8 19 61 – – 26

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 57 11 8 24 50 18 1 31

South ..................................................................... 56 10 8 26 52 14 2 32

South Atlantic .................................................... 58 9 8 25 52 15 1 31

East South Central ............................................ 53 12 10 25 52 13 3 32

West South Central ........................................... 53 12 7 27 53 13 1 33

Midwest ................................................................. 62 8 8 21 58 13 2 28

East North Central ............................................. 62 9 9 20 59 12 2 27

West North Central ............................................ 63 8 7 22 56 15 1 28

West ...................................................................... 62 11 7 20 56 17 1 26

Mountain ............................................................ 63 9 8 19 59 13 1 26

Pacific ................................................................ 62 12 6 21 55 19 1 25

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Information ......................................................... 23 63 – 14 74 12 1 13

Financial activities ............................................. 37 50 – – 80 7 4 9

Finance and insurance .................................. 48 46 – – 90 3 2 4

Credit intermediation and related activities 50 47 – – 93 4 1 2

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 46 44 – 11 86 3 4 7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 8 61 – 31 50 18 8 23

Professional and business services .................. – 60 – 27 61 12 3 24

Professional and technical services .............. 12 75 – 13 79 8 3 10

Administrative and waste services ................ – 46 – 50 31 19 5 46

Education and health services ........................... – 58 – 27 59 13 8 20

Educational services ...................................... – 58 – 27 62 11 3 24

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 17 73 – – 87 – – 9

Health care and social assistance ................. – 58 – 27 58 14 8 20

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 34 – 64 23 12 8 56

Accommodation and food services ................ – 33 – 65 23 12 9 56

Other services ................................................... 6 43 – 51 37 12 7 44

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 49 1 ( ) 44 41 15 10 34

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 45 – 49 37 13 10 39

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 64 – 25 56 18 10 16

100 workers or more .............................................. 24 61 1 14 74 12 5 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 14 67 1 17 69 12 6 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 38 52 1 9 80 11 2 7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 20 49 1 30 54 15 8 23

New England ..................................................... 19 53 1 26 59 14 8 20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 20 48 1 31 52 16 8 24

South ..................................................................... 12 54 1 ( ) 33 54 12 8 26

South Atlantic .................................................... 13 54 1 ( ) 32 56 11 8 25

East South Central ............................................ – 53 – 35 52 13 10 25

West South Central ........................................... 10 55 1 ( ) 34 52 14 7 27

Midwest ................................................................. 15 55 1 29 60 11 8 21

East North Central ............................................. 17 53 1 29 59 12 9 20

West North Central ............................................ – 60 – 29 61 10 7 22

West ...................................................................... – 59 – 26 58 15 6 21

Mountain ............................................................ – 59 – 26 59 13 7 21

Pacific ................................................................ 14 60 1 ( ) 26 57 17 6 21

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.4 1.0 0.2 1.0

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.1 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.1 0.4 1.5

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.8 0.2 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 7.2 – – 3.8 – 6.5 – 5.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 1.3 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.9 1.8 0.7 1.4 1.6 1.3 0.2 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.9 3.0 1.2 2.3 2.5 2.3 0.2 2.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.3 1.4 0.7 2.4 2.3 – – 2.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.5 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.5 1.0 0.2 1.4

Production ......................................................... 2.2 1.3 0.5 2.0 2.3 1.3 0.3 1.9

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.2 1.2 0.7 1.7 1.9 1.0 0.3 1.9

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.6 0.9 1.5 0.4 1.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.6 1.8 1.8 0.2 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.4 0.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.6 2.5 1.4 2.8 1.8 2.7 0.3 2.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.3 0.3 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.2 0.8 0.3 0.9 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.1 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.2 1.2

Construction ...................................................... 2.4 2.2 0.9 1.9 2.3 1.9 0.1 2.0

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.3 1.3

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.4 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.5 1.8 0.9 1.6 1.8 1.4 0.6 1.6

Retail trade .................................................... 1.3 0.6 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7 1.3

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.2 2.0 0.9 2.1 3.0 – – 1.9

Utilities ........................................................... 4.2 – – – 1.6 1.3 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.5 0.2 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.7 0.8

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.4 1.7 – – 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.2 2.0 0.3 1.6 1.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

Service ................................................................... 0.6 1.6 0.3 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.1 2.0

Protective service .............................................. – 5.8 – 5.7 7.7 – – 3.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.9 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.6 0.9 0.9

Sales and related ............................................... 0.6 1.3 0.3 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.9 1.2 0.3 1.3 1.5 0.8 1.0 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 1.8 – 1.5 1.9 1.9 0.7 1.4

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. – 2.7 – 2.4 2.6 3.2 1.2 2.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 1.5 2.2 – 2.4 2.4 1.7 0.7 2.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.8 0.1 1.3 1.6 1.1 0.5 1.2

Production ......................................................... – 1.9 – 2.0 2.3 1.5 0.5 2.0

Transportation and material moving .................. 2.3 2.4 0.3 2.0 2.0 1.7 0.7 1.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 0.6 1.5 0.2 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 2.5 2.5 0.2 0.6 2.3 2.2 0.4 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.3 1.3 0.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.2 2.5 0.2 2.5 1.6 2.5 1.4 2.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 1.3 0.4 1.2 1.7 1.5 0.7 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 1.2 0.1 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.4 – – 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 2.2 – – 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.9

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.3 1.9 – – 1.5 1.2 0.5 1.1

Construction ...................................................... – 2.1 – 2.0 2.4 2.7 0.9 1.9

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.5 2.4 – – 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.1

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.9 0.1 0.8 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 1.2 1.3 0.3 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.9

Wholesale trade ............................................. 1.5 1.8 0.4 1.4 2.6 1.9 0.9 1.6

Retail trade .................................................... 0.8 1.6 0.4 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.3 0.9

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.7 3.6 – – 4.0 3.0 0.9 2.1

Utilities ........................................................... 4.8 4.6 – – 4.4 – – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Information ......................................................... 3.2 2.2 0.5 2.7 3.3 – – 2.7

Financial activities ............................................. 1.8 1.4 0.6 1.2 2.2 1.5 0.2 1.4

Finance and insurance .................................. 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.5 2.1 2.4 0.2 0.6

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 1.7 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.1 0.3 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.8 5.2 2.6 3.9 6.1 – – 4.9

Professional and business services .................. 2.7 1.1 0.8 2.3 2.7 1.5 0.3 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.6 1.7 0.7 1.9 2.9 2.2 – –

Administrative and waste services ................ 3.1 2.0 1.5 3.6 2.9 2.4 0.4 3.3

Education and health services ........................... 3.1 2.3 1.6 2.0 2.8 2.0 0.6 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 3.1 1.2 1.3 3.0 3.1 – – 2.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 – – 1.9 2.2 – – 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.5 2.6 1.9 2.2 3.1 2.2 0.6 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.8 1.8 – – 2.4

Accommodation and food services ................ 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.1 2.2 – – 2.7

Other services ................................................... 4.1 2.5 1.5 4.0 3.0 – – 3.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.2 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 1.5 1.1 1.9 2.3 1.9 0.3 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.8 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.7 1.1 0.2 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 1.7 0.4 1.0 2.0 1.8 0.3 1.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.8 0.8 1.3 2.2 1.4 0.4 1.2

New England ..................................................... 3.1 1.3 1.7 2.8 3.0 – – 2.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.2 2.3 1.0 1.5 3.0 2.0 0.4 1.5

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.7 1.1 0.2 1.4

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 0.8 1.3 2.0 2.4 1.5 0.2 1.9

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 3.2 1.2 2.8 2.4 1.5 0.8 3.7

West South Central ........................................... 3.7 2.5 1.5 1.9 3.1 2.2 0.2 2.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 1.2 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.7 0.4 1.5

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 1.5 1.1 1.4 2.4 2.1 0.5 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 2.0 1.0 2.9 4.0 3.4 0.3 3.3

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.5 1.2 0.2 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.0 0.5 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 2.1 1.6 0.3 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Information ......................................................... 2.8 3.7 – 2.7 3.1 2.2 0.5 2.7

Financial activities ............................................. 1.6 1.9 – – 1.8 1.4 0.6 1.2

Finance and insurance .................................. 1.9 1.7 – – 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.6

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.6 2.4 – – 1.3 1.3 0.2 0.5

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 3.0 2.9 – 1.4 1.8 0.7 1.0 1.3

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 2.2 5.2 – 5.0 4.6 5.0 2.6 3.9

Professional and business services .................. – 2.9 – 2.4 2.7 1.1 0.7 2.3

Professional and technical services .............. 2.5 3.5 – 2.1 2.6 1.7 0.7 1.9

Administrative and waste services ................ – 3.2 – 3.2 3.0 1.8 1.4 3.6

Education and health services ........................... – 2.0 – 1.9 3.5 2.9 1.5 2.0

Educational services ...................................... – 2.0 – 2.7 2.2 1.7 1.3 2.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.4 1.8 – – 1.8 – – 1.9

Health care and social assistance ................. – 2.2 – 2.2 4.0 3.3 1.8 2.3

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... – 2.3 – 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.8

Accommodation and food services ................ – 2.6 – 2.7 2.0 2.1 2.0 3.1

Other services ................................................... 2.1 4.4 – 3.8 4.1 2.6 1.5 4.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.5 1.3 0.2 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 1.4 – 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 2.3 – 2.2 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.9

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.2 0.8 1.6 1.2 0.3 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.5 0.2 1.3 1.6 1.0 0.5 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.7 1.8 0.3 1.0 2.4 2.0 0.4 1.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.5 0.2 1.4 2.5 2.4 0.8 1.3

New England ..................................................... 2.7 2.8 0.4 2.6 2.8 1.1 1.7 2.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.3 1.9 0.3 1.7 3.2 3.2 1.0 1.5

South ..................................................................... 0.9 1.4 0.1 1.3 1.6 1.0 0.9 1.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.8 0.1 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.3 2.0

East South Central ............................................ – 4.5 – 3.8 2.0 3.4 1.2 2.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.5 2.7 0.1 2.3 3.8 2.6 1.5 1.9

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.5 0.3 1.5 2.1 1.4 0.8 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.7 2.7 1.9 1.1 1.4

West North Central ............................................ – 4.1 – 3.1 2.9 1.5 0.9 2.9

West ...................................................................... – 1.8 – 1.0 1.7 1.2 0.8 0.9

Mountain ............................................................ – 3.8 – 1.2 3.3 2.4 1.4 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.9 0.2 1.4 2.0 1.5 0.9 0.9

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 44 43 70 74 78 85 85

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 62 63 88 88 93 95 94

Management, business, and financial ............... 67 67 95 96 96 98 98

Professional and related .................................... 59 61 84 84 92 93 92

Service ................................................................... 24 23 49 48 61 69 67

Protective service .............................................. 25 23 62 66 79 90 79

Sales and office ..................................................... 48 47 72 77 79 86 88

Sales and related ............................................... 40 38 59 64 69 77 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 54 53 82 86 86 91 92

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 33 31 63 74 72 85 86

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 23 21 49 61 62 78 79

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 45 42 78 89 83 93 93

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 39 36 68 83 76 90 90

Production ......................................................... 40 36 69 88 76 93 94

Transportation and material moving .................. 39 37 68 78 76 87 86

Full time ................................................................. 52 51 83 88 88 94 94

Part time ................................................................ 17 17 31 34 49 57 57

Union ..................................................................... 56 54 85 89 91 94 93

Nonunion ............................................................... 43 42 69 73 77 84 84

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 22 21 41 46 53 64 66

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 11 11 26 30 33 47 54

Second 25 percent ............................................ 45 44 74 78 82 89 88

Third 25 percent ................................................ 52 51 83 89 89 95 95

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 62 62 89 91 94 96 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 64 64 92 93 96 97 96

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 39 36 71 86 78 92 93

Construction ...................................................... 26 24 56 67 66 83 83

Manufacturing .................................................... 47 44 79 95 85 97 97

Service-providing industries .................................. 45 44 70 72 78 83 83

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 47 44 70 76 78 85 88

Wholesale trade ............................................. 51 49 86 92 90 95 95

Retail trade .................................................... 41 38 60 66 70 79 84

Transportation and warehousing ................... 53 51 79 86 85 93 93

Utilities ........................................................... 74 72 96 99 98 99 99

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

Information ......................................................... 76 76 90 88 93 94 95

Financial activities ............................................. 64 63 91 93 94 96 96

Finance and insurance .................................. 70 70 96 96 98 98 98

Credit intermediation and related activities 65 65 97 98 98 99 99

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 76 76 96 96 97 98 98

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 49 45 77 82 83 90 89

Professional and business services .................. 48 48 74 81 81 87 87

Professional and technical services .............. 66 65 91 93 95 95 94

Administrative and waste services ................ 21 21 51 63 61 74 76

Education and health services ........................... 53 56 79 78 85 88 89

Educational services ...................................... 34 48 54 52 83 84 75

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 45 51 73 73 90 91 90

Health care and social assistance ................. 56 57 83 82 85 89 91

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 10 10 36 31 54 60 54

Accommodation and food services ................ 9 9 34 30 52 59 53

Other services ................................................... 30 29 61 62 71 79 76

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 33 61 65 70 79 79

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 31 31 58 63 68 77 77

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 43 42 68 72 77 85 86

100 workers or more .............................................. 55 54 81 85 87 92 91

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 51 49 77 81 85 91 90

500 workers or more .......................................... 61 60 86 89 90 93 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 50 50 72 73 83 87 86

New England ..................................................... 49 49 71 73 84 88 85

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 51 50 72 73 83 87 86

South ..................................................................... 42 40 66 73 71 80 83

South Atlantic .................................................... 40 39 66 73 71 80 83

East South Central ............................................ 43 41 62 76 68 82 85

West South Central ........................................... 44 43 67 73 72 80 83

Midwest ................................................................. 46 45 68 74 74 83 84

East North Central ............................................. 47 45 68 74 74 82 83

West North Central ............................................ 45 45 68 74 74 84 86

West ...................................................................... 39 39 77 76 88 92 87

Mountain ............................................................ 48 48 73 76 76 82 87

Pacific ................................................................ 35 35 79 76 93 96 87

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5

Management, business, and financial ............... 1.5 1.5 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.9 1.8 1.2 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.7

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0

Protective service .............................................. 4.6 4.8 7.2 6.5 5.2 3.6 6.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0

Sales and related ............................................... 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.5

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and

forestry ............................................................. 2.4 2.5 3.3 3.6 3.3 2.8 2.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair ................. 2.4 2.4 1.6 0.9 1.6 0.9 0.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0

Production ......................................................... 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.1

Transportation and material moving .................. 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 2.1 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.4 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.1 2.6 3.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.3 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries ................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.9

Construction ...................................................... 1.8 1.9 2.4 3.4 2.2 2.9 2.4

Manufacturing .................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.6 0.8 1.4 0.6 0.7

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8

Trade, transportation, and utilities ..................... 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8

Wholesale trade ............................................. 2.2 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.3

Retail trade .................................................... 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0

Transportation and warehousing ................... 3.5 3.4 2.5 1.7 2.8 1.5 1.6

Utilities ........................................................... 4.5 5.0 2.8 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, private industry workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

Information ......................................................... 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.1 1.9

Financial activities ............................................. 2.0 2.1 1.0 1.5 0.9 0.8 1.0

Finance and insurance .................................. 2.1 2.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4

Credit intermediation and related activities 2.4 2.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4

Insurance carriers and related activities .... 2.9 2.9 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.7

Real estate and rental and leasing ................ 4.7 4.6 3.4 4.4 3.1 2.5 3.3

Professional and business services .................. 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.7

Professional and technical services .............. 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.0

Administrative and waste services ................ 2.5 2.2 3.9 4.0 3.3 3.2 3.3

Education and health services ........................... 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.3 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.6 2.2

Leisure and hospitality ....................................... 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5

Accommodation and food services ................ 1.8 1.9 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.0

Other services ................................................... 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.2 2.6 3.1 4.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.2

New England ..................................................... 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.4

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.8 2.5 2.6 1.8 2.2 1.5 2.0

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 3.3 4.6 4.6 4.7 3.5 3.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.7 1.6 1.1 1.3

West ...................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.3

Mountain ............................................................ 3.0 2.9 3.2 2.4 3.0 2.5 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.9 0.9 0.4 1.7

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 91 83 90 86 76 88 37 18 48

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 94 84 90 89 77 87 39 18 45

Professional and related .................................... 93 83 89 88 77 87 38 17 44

Teachers ........................................................ 94 85 90 92 80 87 37 14 39

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 91 91 99 89 90 31 9 29

Service ................................................................... 85 78 92 79 72 91 32 17 54

Protective service .............................................. 92 87 95 90 83 93 35 21 59

Sales and office ..................................................... 91 83 91 86 76 89 37 19 51

Office and administrative support ...................... 92 83 91 86 77 89 37 19 50

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 97 92 94 89 83 93 42 25 59

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 90 83 91 87 79 90 27 13 48

Full time ................................................................. 99 90 91 94 83 88 41 20 48

Part time ................................................................ 45 39 87 40 35 89 15 7 42

Union ..................................................................... 97 89 91 95 84 89 35 15 42

Nonunion ............................................................... 86 78 90 79 69 88 39 21 53

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 78 69 89 71 64 89 30 14 45

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 70 61 87 62 54 88 26 11 43

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 85 91 88 78 88 39 21 53

Third 25 percent ................................................ 98 89 91 94 82 88 39 20 50

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 97 88 91 93 82 88 41 18 45

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 96 87 90 91 78 86 45 20 45

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 91 83 90 86 76 88 37 18 48

Education and health services ........................... 93 83 89 88 76 87 38 16 42

Educational services ...................................... 93 83 89 90 79 88 35 13 38

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 93 84 91 92 83 90 28 8 30

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 92 79 86 82 64 79 59 29 49

Health care and social assistance ................. 93 80 85 73 60 82 55 31 57

Hospitals .................................................... 93 78 84 68 53 78 59 37 63

Public administration ......................................... 91 85 94 87 79 91 37 21 57

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 88 83 95 84 79 94 29 11 39

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 85 80 94 80 74 93 27 11 42

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 91 87 95 88 84 96 31 12 37

100 workers or more .............................................. 92 83 89 87 75 87 40 20 50

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 91 84 92 88 79 90 30 15 50

500 workers or more .......................................... 93 82 88 86 73 85 44 22 50

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 96 86 90 90 76 85 49 24 48

Local government .................................................. 90 82 91 85 76 90 33 16 48

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 91 84 92 87 80 92 31 10 33

New England ..................................................... 86 76 88 78 68 87 16 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 87 94 90 83 93 36 10 27

South ..................................................................... 94 84 89 88 78 88 42 19 44

South Atlantic .................................................... 91 80 88 87 74 85 58 23 40

East South Central ............................................ 94 86 91 89 81 91 41 21 53

West South Central ........................................... 97 88 90 90 83 91 21 10 50

Midwest ................................................................. 90 79 88 83 70 84 41 20 50

East North Central ............................................. 89 78 89 82 68 83 48 22 46

West North Central ............................................ 92 81 87 86 73 85 28 18 62

West ...................................................................... 90 84 93 84 76 90 30 21 69

Mountain ............................................................ 87 83 95 78 71 91 33 25 77

Pacific ................................................................ 91 84 92 87 79 90 28 18 65

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in

at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.7 1.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.6

Teachers ........................................................ 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.9 2.3

Service ................................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.7 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.7 1.3 3.2

Protective service .............................................. 1.6 1.6 0.7 1.4 1.7 1.4 2.0 2.2 4.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.2 2.0 1.4 2.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.2 2.0 1.4 2.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.2 1.4 0.9 2.2 2.2 1.2 3.4 3.3 6.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 2.7 1.1 2.8 2.7 1.3 3.2 2.5 5.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.4

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 2.1 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.0 5.9

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7 0.8 1.6 1.5 0.7 1.8 1.0 2.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.8 2.5 1.2 2.2 2.1 1.1 2.8 1.3 2.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.4 2.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 1.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.6 1.1 2.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.5 2.2 1.7 2.8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.3

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.8 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.5 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 2.1 1.3 2.0 2.3 1.4 2.9 1.7 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.6 2.9 2.2 4.2 4.7 3.5 4.3 3.4 3.5

Hospitals .................................................... 1.6 2.9 1.9 5.1 4.9 4.1 6.3 4.3 4.0

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.2 2.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.5 0.9 1.8 1.3 3.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 2.3 1.2 2.4 2.5 1.6 3.0 2.4 6.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.7 1.8 0.9 2.1 1.3 3.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.2 2.3 1.4 3.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.7 1.3 0.9 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 2. Standard errors for retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

All retirement benefits2 Defined benefit Defined contribution

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 1.1 0.7 1.3 1.5 0.9 2.0 1.3 1.9

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.9 1.3 3.2

New England ..................................................... 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.0 2.7 2.2 4.6 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.1 1.9 0.9 2.3

South ..................................................................... 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 2.0 1.4 1.1 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.8

East South Central ............................................ 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 4.3 2.3 5.8

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.7 0.9 3.0 2.8 0.5 2.6 1.7 3.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.5 2.5 1.9 2.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 2.3 0.7 1.1 1.8 1.7 3.4 2.7 3.5

West North Central ............................................ 1.3 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.6 2.2 4.2

West ...................................................................... 1.0 0.9 0.6 1.4 1.3 0.7 2.0 1.7 3.6

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 1.5 0.6 2.2 1.6 1.8 4.5 3.7 4.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.8 1.8 0.6 2.0 1.8 4.9

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in

at least one of these plan types. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, state and local

government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 32 54 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 34 54 5

Professional and related .................................... 33 55 5

Teachers ........................................................ 34 57 3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 31 68 –

Service ................................................................... 26 53 6

Protective service .............................................. 32 57 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 32 54 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 32 54 5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 34 56 8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 24 63 3

Full time ................................................................. 35 58 5

Part time ................................................................ 10 30 5

Union ..................................................................... 32 63 3

Nonunion ............................................................... 31 47 8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 24 48 7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 43 8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 33 55 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 35 59 4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 37 56 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 40 51 5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 32 54 5

Education and health services ........................... 33 55 5

Educational services ...................................... 32 57 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 65 1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 49 33 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 35 38 20

Hospitals .................................................... 34 34 25

Public administration ......................................... 33 54 4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 24 59 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 21 59 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28 60 4

100 workers or more .............................................. 34 53 6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 27 61 3

500 workers or more .......................................... 37 49 7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Retirement benefit combinations: Access, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

State government .................................................. 44 46 6

Local government .................................................. 28 57 5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 27 60 4

New England ..................................................... – 70 8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 33 57 3

South ..................................................................... 37 51 5

South Atlantic .................................................... 54 33 4

East South Central ............................................ 35 53 5

West South Central ........................................... 14 76 6

Midwest ................................................................. 34 49 7

East North Central ............................................. 41 41 6

West North Central ............................................ 22 64 7

West ...................................................................... 24 60 6

Mountain ............................................................ 24 54 9

Pacific ................................................................ 24 63 4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.2 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.3 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 1.6 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 1.1 –

Service ................................................................... 1.4 1.3 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 1.8 0.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.7 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.7 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.1 3.3 2.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 3.7 1.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 1.9 1.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.1 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.3 1.3 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 1.5 1.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.8 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.3 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.7 0.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 2.2 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.9 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.2 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.1 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 0.8 0.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.8 2.9 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 4.9 3.2

Hospitals .................................................... 3.9 6.5 4.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 1.7 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.6 3.2 1.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.4 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.0 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 2.5 0.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.3 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3. Standard errors for retirement benefit combinations:

Access, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Defined

benefit and

defined

contribution

Defined

benefit only

Defined

contribution

only

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.1 1.0

Local government .................................................. 0.9 0.9 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.4 0.7

New England ..................................................... – 3.3 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.4 1.5 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.6 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 2.3 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 2.9 4.0 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 3.2 2.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.4 1.6 1.4

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.4 1.9

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 4.0 1.7

West ...................................................................... 2.2 2.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 5.7 4.1 1.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 2.3 1.2

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution requirement and method

of contribution, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 91 79 7.2 7.2 9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 80 7.4 7.3 9

Professional and related .................................... 92 80 7.5 7.5 8

Teachers ........................................................ 92 84 7.8 7.5 8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 91 84 7.8 7.5 9

Service ................................................................... 92 78 7.2 7.0 8

Protective service .............................................. 92 75 7.4 7.2 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 87 75 6.7 7.0 13

Office and administrative support ...................... 87 76 6.7 7.0 13

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 88 77 6.8 7.0 12

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 88 77 6.3 6.3 12

Full time ................................................................. 91 79 7.2 7.2 9

Part time ................................................................ 89 78 7.3 7.0 11

Union ..................................................................... 91 71 7.4 7.2 9

Nonunion ............................................................... 90 87 7.0 7.0 10

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 91 85 6.7 7.0 9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 94 90 6.9 7.2 6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 90 78 7.0 7.0 10

Third 25 percent ................................................ 91 79 7.0 7.0 9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 74 8.1 7.7 9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 71 8.3 8.0 7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 90 79 7.2 7.2 10

Education and health services ........................... 92 82 7.4 7.3 8

Educational services ...................................... 92 83 7.5 7.3 8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 92 83 7.5 7.2 8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 93 84 7.5 7.5 7

Health care and social assistance ................. – 75 7.0 7.0 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 71 6.9 7.0 –

Public administration ......................................... 90 73 6.8 6.6 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 90 80 7.6 7.3 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 89 75 7.4 7.0 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 91 84 7.7 7.5 9

100 workers or more .............................................. 91 78 7.1 7.2 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 88 79 7.1 7.0 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 78 7.1 7.2 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution requirement and method

of contribution, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

State government .................................................. 91 76 6.9 7.0 9

Local government .................................................. 90 80 7.3 7.2 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 97 55 6.8 7.3 3

New England ..................................................... – 59 7.2 7.3 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 96 54 6.7 7.5 4

South ..................................................................... 94 94 6.4 7.0 6

South Atlantic .................................................... 98 97 5.3 6.0 2

East South Central ............................................ 81 81 7.1 7.2 19

West South Central ........................................... 95 95 7.6 7.7 5

Midwest ................................................................. 87 80 7.8 6.8 13

East North Central ............................................. 82 72 8.2 8.2 18

West North Central ............................................ 95 93 7.3 6.3 5

West ...................................................................... 82 73 8.7 8.0 18

Mountain ............................................................ 84 84 9.2 8.8 16

Pacific ................................................................ 81 68 8.4 8.0 19

1 The employee contributes a fixed percentage of his or her earnings to the retirement plan. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage

data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution

requirement and method of contribution, state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.1 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.0 1.1 0.1 0.0 1.0

Service ................................................................... 1.1 1.6 0.1 0.1 1.1

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 2.7 0.2 0.5 1.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.8 0.1 0.2 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.8 0.1 0.2 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.4 3.8 0.2 0.3 3.4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.2 3.2 0.2 0.5 3.2

Full time ................................................................. 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 2.4 2.9 0.2 0.1 2.4

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.2 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.1 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 2.4 0.2 0.2 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 1.5 0.1 0.0 1.3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.5 0.1 2 ( ) 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.2 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.1 1.8 0.1 0.0 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.8 2 ( ) 0.1 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.2 0.9

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.9 2 ( ) 0.2 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.0 1.2 2 ( ) 0.2 1.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.9 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. – 5.2 0.4 0.3 –

Hospitals .................................................... – 7.8 0.3 0.6 –

Public administration ......................................... 1.4 1.8 0.1 0.2 1.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 2.1 0.1 0.3 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 2.4 0.2 0.2 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 3.1 0.2 0.2 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.0 2 ( ) 0.1 0.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 2.0 0.1 0.1 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 1.4 0.1 0.1 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 4. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Employee contribution

requirement and method of contribution, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Fixed percent of annual earnings1

Employee

contribution

Total not required

Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

State government .................................................. 0.9 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.9

Local government .................................................. 0.9 1.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.7 2.3 0.1 0.2 0.7

New England ..................................................... – 5.3 0.5 0.3 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.9 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.9

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.6

East South Central ............................................ 4.2 4.0 0.1 0.3 4.2

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.0 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 1.9 2.3 0.1 0.1 1.9

East North Central ............................................. 3.0 3.5 0.1 0.4 3.0

West North Central ............................................ 1.0 1.3 0.2 0.1 1.0

West ...................................................................... 1.9 1.9 0.1 0.2 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 2.5 0.3 0.0 2.5

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.5 0.1 0.1 2.4

1 The employee contributes a fixed percentage of his or her earnings to the retirement plan. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage

data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, state

and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 45 55 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 43 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 44 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Teachers ........................................................ 46 54 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 46 53 – –

Service ................................................................... 47 53 – –

Protective service .............................................. 49 50 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 45 55 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 44 55 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 52 48 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 46 54 – –

Full time ................................................................. 44 55 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 47 53 – 4 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 40 59 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 49 51 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 48 52 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 46 54 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 46 54 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 45 55 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 40 59 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 35 64 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 45 55 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 44 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Educational services ...................................... 43 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 44 56 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 42 58 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 47 53 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 49 51 – –

Public administration ......................................... 44 55 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 47 53 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 45 55 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 49 51 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 44 56 4 ( ) 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 50 49 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 40 59 4 ( ) 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard frozen plans, state

and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

State government .................................................. 40 59 – –

Local government .................................................. 46 54 4 ( ) 4 ( )

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 31 68 – –

New England ..................................................... 36 62 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 29 70 – –

South ..................................................................... 48 51 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 58 42 – –

East South Central ............................................ 39 61 – –

West South Central ........................................... 41 59 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 54 46 – –

East North Central ............................................. 56 44 – –

West North Central ............................................ 50 49 – –

West ...................................................................... 42 58 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 42 58 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 42 57 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Less than 0.5. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did

not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.1 4 ( )

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3 0.1 4 ( )

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4 0.2 4 ( )

Teachers ........................................................ 2.0 2.0 0.1 0.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 2.2 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.2 – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 1.7 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.8 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 3.2 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.0 4.0 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.1 4 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 3.6 3.6 – 4 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.2 0.2 4 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.3 – –

Average wage within the following categories:5

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.2 1.3 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 2.3 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 1.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.2 4 ( )

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.7 1.7 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0 0.1 4 ( )

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.3 0.2 4 ( )

Educational services ...................................... 1.4 1.4 0.2 4 ( )

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.6 – –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.5 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.2 3.2 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 4.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.5 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.9 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.0 3.0 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.5 2.5 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1 0.1 4 ( )

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 2.1 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.1 0.1 4 ( )

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 5. Standard errors for defined benefit retirement plans: Open, soft and hard

frozen plans, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics Open plans1

Soft frozen2

All Hard frozen3

participants

still accruing

benefits

Some

participants

still accruing

benefits

State government .................................................. 1.4 1.4 – –

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.2 0.1 0.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 2.0 – –

New England ..................................................... 4.7 4.1 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 2.2 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.4 1.4 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 2.2 – –

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 2.4 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 2.1 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.8 2.7 – –

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 2.4 – –

West North Central ............................................ 6.6 6.1 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.0 2.1 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 5.1 5.5 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.8 – –

1 Plans open to new participants. 2 New employees are not allowed in the plan. Benefit accruals may continue for existing participants. 3 Participants in these plans stop accruing benefits on the date the plan is frozen. The benefit the employee receives is

calculated as of the day the plan was frozen. 4 Less than 0.05. 5 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 96

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 97

Professional and related .................................... – 3 97

Teachers ........................................................ – 3 97

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 3 97

Service ................................................................... – 4 96

Protective service .............................................. – – 98

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 95

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 4 96

Full time ................................................................. – – 96

Part time ................................................................ – 3 97

Union ..................................................................... – – 97

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 95

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 95

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 93

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 97

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 97

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 96

Education and health services ........................... – – 96

Educational services ...................................... – – 96

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 96

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 96

Health care and social assistance ................. – 5 95

Hospitals .................................................... – 4 96

Public administration ......................................... – 4 96

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 96

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 95

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 97

100 workers or more .............................................. – 4 96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 5 95

500 workers or more .......................................... – 3 97

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Selected attributes,

state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

State government .................................................. – 3 97

Local government .................................................. – – 96

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 99

New England ..................................................... – – 100

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 99

South ..................................................................... – – 96

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 98

East South Central ............................................ – – 97

West South Central ........................................... – 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. – 12 88

East North Central ............................................. – 6 94

West North Central ............................................ – 21 79

West ...................................................................... – 2 98

Mountain ............................................................ – – 98

Pacific ................................................................ – 2 98

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2019 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2015 and 2018 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2015 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

All workers ............................................................. – – 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 0.4

Professional and related .................................... – 0.4 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ – 0.4 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 0.4 0.4

Service ................................................................... – 0.9 0.9

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 1.6 1.6

Full time ................................................................. – – 0.6

Part time ................................................................ – 0.8 0.8

Union ..................................................................... – – 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 0.7

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 1.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 1.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 0.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 0.5

Education and health services ........................... – – 0.6

Educational services ...................................... – – 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 0.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. – 2.5 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... – 1.9 1.9

Public administration ......................................... – 1.1 1.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 1.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 0.8

100 workers or more .............................................. – 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.3 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... – 0.5 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 6. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1

Selected attributes, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Time since plan closed to new workers or

stopped accruing benefits2

1 year 2 to 5 years Greater than

5 years

State government .................................................. – 1.0 1.0

Local government .................................................. – – 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 0.5

New England ..................................................... – – 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 0.6

South ..................................................................... – – 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 1.7

East South Central ............................................ – – 2.3

West South Central ........................................... – 0.7 0.7

Midwest ................................................................. – 2.1 2.1

East North Central ............................................. – 1.7 1.7

West North Central ............................................ – 3.4 3.4

West ...................................................................... – 0.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ – – 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ – 0.4 0.4

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The length of time is calculated based on the year the plan was modified. For example, plans frozen

after January 2019 are included in the "1 year" column. Those frozen between 2015 and 2018 are included in

the "2 to 5 years" column and plans frozen before 2015 are included in the "Greater than 5 years" column. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, state and local

government workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 100 93 5 1 17

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 94 4 1 17

Professional and related .................................... 100 95 4 1 16

Teachers ........................................................ 100 95 4 1 17

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 95 5 1 19

Service ................................................................... 100 92 6 – 16

Protective service .............................................. 100 92 7 – 17

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 92 7 – 20

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 92 6 – 20

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 89 6 – 13

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 91 4 – 16

Full time ................................................................. 100 93 5 1 18

Part time ................................................................ 100 98 2 1 7

Union ..................................................................... 100 95 4 1 18

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 91 7 1 15

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 92 6 4 ( ) 18

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 93 6 – 16

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 92 6 4 ( ) 18

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 93 5 4 ( ) 16

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 95 4 1 16

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 95 3 1 16

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 93 5 1 17

Education and health services ........................... 100 95 4 1 17

Educational services ...................................... 100 96 4 1 17

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 96 4 1 18

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 97 3 – 14

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 89 – – 17

Hospitals .................................................... 100 92 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 100 91 7 – 19

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 92 6 1 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 91 7 1 13

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 93 6 – 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 94 5 – 17

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 95 2 – 19

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 93 6 – 17

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in frozen defined benefit plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans2

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

State government .................................................. 100 93 5 – 18

Local government .................................................. 100 94 5 1 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 97 3 – 19

New England ..................................................... 100 94 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 98 2 – 22

South ..................................................................... 100 92 6 – 23

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 88 9 – 44

East South Central ............................................ 100 91 – – 25

West South Central ........................................... 100 97 – – 2

Midwest ................................................................. 100 91 5 2 13

East North Central ............................................. 100 91 3 3 20

West North Central ............................................ 100 90 9 – –

West ...................................................................... 100 92 6 – 8

Mountain ............................................................ 100 91 10 – 7

Pacific ................................................................ 100 93 5 – 8

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employers offer more than one alternative. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for

March 2020. 4 Less than 0.5.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives,

state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

All workers ............................................................. 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.1 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 0.0 1.1 1.2 0.1 1.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.0 1.2 1.3 0.2 1.8

Service ................................................................... 0.0 1.5 1.3 – 1.4

Protective service .............................................. 0.0 2.3 2.1 – 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.0 1.2 1.2 – 2.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.0 1.2 1.2 – 2.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.0 2.8 1.9 – 2.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.0 2.8 1.5 – 3.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.2 1.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.0 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.0 1.4 1.4 0.1 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.0 2.4 2.3 – 2.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.0 1.3 1.1 0.2 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.1 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.0 1.5 1.4 0.3 2.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.1 1.2

Educational services ...................................... 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.1 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.0 1.0 1.1 0.2 1.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.0 1.4 1.5 – 2.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.0 4.8 – – 4.5

Hospitals .................................................... 0.0 3.9 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.0 1.2 0.9 – 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.0 1.3 1.2 0.5 2.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.0 2.4 2.1 0.6 2.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.0 1.9 1.8 – 3.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.0 0.8 0.7 – 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.0 1.2 0.7 – 3.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.0 1.1 1.0 – 1.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 7. Standard errors for defined benefit frozen retirement plans:1 Plan alternatives,

state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Alternatives

to frozen

plans

Alternatives to frozen plans

Modified

existing

defined

benefit plan

New defined

benefit plan

Enhanced

existing

defined

contribution

plan

New defined

contribution

plan

State government .................................................. 0.0 1.3 1.4 – 1.6

Local government .................................................. 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.0 1.0 1.0 – 2.4

New England ..................................................... 0.0 4.3 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.0 0.6 0.7 – 2.6

South ..................................................................... 0.0 1.7 1.6 – 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.0 3.4 2.8 – 3.5

East South Central ............................................ 0.0 4.7 – – 3.5

West South Central ........................................... 0.0 1.0 – – 0.6

Midwest ................................................................. 0.0 1.4 1.0 0.4 2.4

East North Central ............................................. 0.0 1.9 0.9 0.6 2.8

West North Central ............................................ 0.0 2.0 2.0 – –

West ...................................................................... 0.0 0.7 1.0 – 0.7

Mountain ............................................................ 0.0 2.3 1.5 – 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 0.0 0.4 1.1 – 0.9

1 Plans closed to new workers or plans that cease accruals for some or all plan participants. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for

March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, state and

local government workers, March 2020

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 69 31 88 12

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 72 28 88 12

Professional and related .................................... 72 28 87 13

Teachers ........................................................ 73 27 91 9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 63 37 89 11

Service ................................................................... 58 42 86 14

Protective service .............................................. 54 46 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 70 30 89 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 30 89 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 71 29 88 12

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 67 33 – –

Full time ................................................................. 69 31 88 12

Part time ................................................................ 65 35 – –

Union ..................................................................... 63 37 83 17

Nonunion ............................................................... 73 27 91 9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 65 35 89 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 65 35 83 17

Second 25 percent ............................................ 70 30 88 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 64 36 85 15

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 76 24 90 10

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 78 22 88 12

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 69 31 88 12

Education and health services ........................... 72 28 88 12

Educational services ...................................... 71 29 90 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 64 36 87 13

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 78 22 92 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 74 26 82 18

Hospitals .................................................... 76 24 – –

Public administration ......................................... 64 36 89 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 64 36 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 71 29 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 57 43 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 30 87 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 52 48 85 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 76 24 88 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Defined contribution retirement plans: Selected attributes, state and

local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in defined contribution plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

State government .................................................. 72 28 86 14

Local government .................................................. 67 33 89 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 59 41 72 28

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 46 54 – –

South ..................................................................... 81 19 90 10

South Atlantic .................................................... 77 23 93 7

East South Central ............................................ 91 9 84 16

Midwest ................................................................. 56 44 84 16

East North Central ............................................. 48 52 80 20

West ...................................................................... 68 32 – –

Mountain ............................................................ – – 100 –

Pacific ................................................................ 64 36 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

All workers ............................................................. 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.7 2.7 1.8 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.7 4.7 2.8 2.8

Service ................................................................... 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.7

Protective service .............................................. 3.8 3.8 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.3 3.3 2.2 2.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.3 3.3 2.3 2.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7.3 7.3 2.9 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 8.5 8.5 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 6.1 6.1 – –

Union ..................................................................... 2.7 2.7 2.0 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 2.1 1.4 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.1 4.1 3.7 3.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.1 3.1 1.8 1.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.3 2.3 1.7 1.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.3 3.3 2.7 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1 1.6 1.6

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.0 4.0 2.3 2.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 3.0 1.2 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.9 4.9 4.3 4.3

Hospitals .................................................... 4.9 4.9 – –

Public administration ......................................... 3.1 3.1 1.8 1.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.1 4.1 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.2 6.2 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.4 5.4 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.4 4.4 3.2 3.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 8. Standard errors for defined contribution retirement plans: Selected

attributes, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee contribution Employee contribution

option

Required Not required Pretax Not pretax

State government .................................................. 2.6 2.6 1.6 1.6

Local government .................................................. 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 4.4 4.4 2.9 2.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.6 4.6 – –

South ..................................................................... 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.2 3.2 1.3 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 2.1 4.7 4.7

Midwest ................................................................. 3.1 3.1 2.2 2.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.7

West ...................................................................... 4.5 4.5 – –

Mountain ............................................................ – – 0.0 –

Pacific ................................................................ 5.6 5.6 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local

government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 89 78 88 89 70 78

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 80 88 92 71 78

Professional and related .................................... 91 80 87 91 70 77

Teachers ........................................................ 92 79 86 92 70 76

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 85 85 99 75 75

Service ................................................................... 81 71 87 81 62 77

Protective service .............................................. 90 80 89 90 69 76

Sales and office ..................................................... 89 80 90 88 73 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 90 81 90 90 73 82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 85 89 95 77 81

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 84 74 88 84 65 78

Full time ................................................................. 99 88 88 99 78 79

Part time ................................................................ 25 21 84 25 18 71

Union ..................................................................... 95 84 89 95 73 77

Nonunion ............................................................... 84 73 87 84 67 80

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 72 62 86 72 56 78

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 62 52 84 62 47 77

Second 25 percent ............................................ 93 83 89 93 73 79

Third 25 percent ................................................ 97 86 88 97 77 80

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 85 89 95 73 77

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 93 85 92 93 73 78

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 89 78 88 89 69 78

Education and health services ........................... 90 78 87 90 70 77

Educational services ...................................... 90 78 86 90 69 77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 90 77 85 90 68 76

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 89 81 91 89 71 79

Health care and social assistance ................. 92 82 90 92 74 80

Hospitals .................................................... 91 83 91 91 74 81

Public administration ......................................... 90 81 90 90 72 80

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 86 77 90 86 68 80

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 83 74 90 82 66 81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 89 80 90 89 70 79

100 workers or more .............................................. 90 79 88 90 70 78

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 86 77 89 86 69 80

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 80 87 92 71 77

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 60 49 82 38 31 82 88 68 77

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 61 49 81 38 30 81 90 69 76

Professional and related .................................... 60 48 80 36 29 80 90 68 76

Teachers ........................................................ 58 45 78 35 28 81 91 68 75

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 60 47 79 36 30 83 98 73 75

Service ................................................................... 55 45 82 37 30 81 80 61 76

Protective service .............................................. 63 53 84 46 37 82 89 66 74

Sales and office ..................................................... 59 50 84 40 33 82 88 71 80

Office and administrative support ...................... 60 50 84 41 34 82 89 72 80

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 63 87 44 39 88 93 75 81

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 63 52 81 48 41 85 83 66 80

Full time ................................................................. 66 54 82 43 35 81 98 76 77

Part time ................................................................ 19 15 77 13 11 82 25 18 71

Union ..................................................................... 76 62 81 56 46 82 94 70 74

Nonunion ............................................................... 46 38 83 24 19 80 83 66 80

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 38 31 81 21 17 79 71 55 77

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 28 22 81 12 9 76 61 47 77

Second 25 percent ............................................ 68 56 83 42 34 82 92 73 79

Third 25 percent ................................................ 62 51 82 41 33 81 96 75 78

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 74 60 81 52 43 83 93 70 75

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 77 61 79 58 48 82 92 70 75

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 59 49 82 38 31 82 88 68 77

Education and health services ........................... 59 46 78 35 28 79 89 68 76

Educational services ...................................... 57 45 78 35 27 79 89 67 75

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 55 42 78 34 27 79 89 66 74

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 65 51 78 38 29 77 88 69 79

Health care and social assistance ................. 66 53 81 39 32 82 91 72 79

Hospitals .................................................... 66 54 82 39 33 85 90 70 78

Public administration ......................................... 61 52 86 43 37 84 89 70 79

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 61 51 84 40 34 86 84 68 80

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 60 50 84 42 36 86 81 66 81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 63 53 84 37 32 86 87 69 79

100 workers or more .............................................. 59 48 81 38 31 80 89 68 76

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 54 46 85 33 29 86 84 67 80

500 workers or more .......................................... 62 49 79 41 32 78 91 68 75

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 95 88 92 95 79 83

Local government .................................................. 87 75 87 87 67 77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 88 78 89 87 67 77

New England ..................................................... 89 79 89 88 65 74

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 87 78 89 87 67 78

South ..................................................................... 92 79 85 92 74 80

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 78 86 90 73 80

East South Central ............................................ 92 83 90 92 80 87

West South Central ........................................... 96 78 81 96 74 77

Midwest ................................................................. 86 75 88 86 64 75

East North Central ............................................. 84 75 88 84 65 77

West North Central ............................................ 88 76 87 88 63 71

West ...................................................................... 88 81 93 88 69 79

Mountain ............................................................ 86 76 89 86 66 77

Pacific ................................................................ 88 84 94 88 71 80

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 66 56 86 44 37 85 94 78 83

Local government .................................................. 58 47 80 37 29 80 86 64 75

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 71 56 78 51 37 73 86 60 70

New England ..................................................... 62 54 87 14 – – 88 65 74

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 74 57 76 63 45 73 86 59 68

South ..................................................................... 40 31 78 21 16 76 91 73 80

South Atlantic .................................................... 47 38 80 27 21 78 90 73 81

East South Central ............................................ 30 24 82 12 10 90 92 79 86

West South Central ........................................... 34 25 74 16 10 66 93 71 77

Midwest ................................................................. 62 53 86 32 27 84 84 63 75

East North Central ............................................. 63 53 85 44 37 85 84 65 78

West North Central ............................................ 60 53 88 – 7 – 83 59 71

West ...................................................................... 81 68 84 64 57 89 88 69 79

Mountain ............................................................ 69 57 82 32 27 84 86 67 78

Pacific ................................................................ 86 73 85 79 71 90 88 71 80

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits, and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 1.0 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 4.4 1.5 4.5 3.9 2.7

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.3 2.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.5 1.3 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.1 1.9 1.4 2.1 1.8 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.5 1.8 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.2 2.8 2.1 1.2 2.6 2.1

Hospitals .................................................... 0.9 2.9 2.8 0.9 2.8 2.9

Public administration ......................................... 0.8 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.0 2.2 1.4 2.1 2.2 1.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 1.8 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7 0.7 0.9 1.1

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.4 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.8 2.1 1.2 2.8 2.3 2.2 1.2 2.0 2.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.9 2.8 1.5 4.0 3.8 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.7 3.9 2.3 5.2 4.6 2.9 4.6 4.5 2.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.1 2.6 1.4 1.2 2.5

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.2 3.6 2.2 1.8 1.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.8 1.2 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.6 1.4 1.2 0.7 1.1 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.7 2.1 1.8 3.0 2.5 2.9 1.6 1.7 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.1 3.3 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.2 1.6 2.6 2.0

Hospitals .................................................... 5.4 3.8 2.8 5.3 5.1 3.7 1.8 3.3 2.9

Public administration ......................................... 2.5 2.0 0.9 2.0 1.7 1.8 0.8 1.3 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.6 2.6 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.7 4.5 3.2 3.9 3.7 3.0 2.2 2.3 2.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 3.0 1.8 2.8 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.5 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.4 0.7 1.7 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1

state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Healthcare2 Medical care

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.6 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.8

New England ..................................................... 0.9 2.2 2.3 1.3 1.4 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 2.0 0.9 1.8 1.5 0.9

South ..................................................................... 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.8 1.4 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.4 2.3 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 0.9 0.7 1.5 2.7 1.6

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 1.6 2.6 1.7 1.4 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 2.9 2.1 1.7 0.9 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.2 1.6 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.9 1.8 1.1 1.9 2.6 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 1.5 0.6 1.5 1.9 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Standard errors for healthcare benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Dental care Vision care Outpatient prescription drug

coverage

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.8

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.1 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.5 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.0

New England ..................................................... 3.2 3.1 2.1 4.0 – – 1.3 1.4 1.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.6 0.9 1.8 1.6 0.9 1.8 1.6 1.0

South ..................................................................... 2.3 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.4 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 2.2 1.8 2.6 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.4 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 5.6 4.9 6.3 2.3 2.2 3.8 1.4 2.6 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 3.9 3.0 3.1 1.7 1.6 5.1 2.0 1.9 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 1.3 1.4 0.8 2.9 2.6 2.7 1.5 0.8 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.8 1.0 3.8 3.6 2.7 1.9 1.0 2.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 2.2 1.5 – 2.5 – 2.3 1.4 0.9

West ...................................................................... 1.7 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.1

Mountain ............................................................ 3.8 4.1 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.9 2.6 1.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 2.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.0 1.4

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Healthcare is a collective term for the following benefits: medical, dental, and vision care benefits, and outpatient prescription drug coverage. If workers have access to or

participate in at least one of these benefits, they are considered as having access to or participating in healthcare. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, state and local government workers, March 2020

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 86 14 71 29

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 85 15 70 30

Professional and related .................................... 85 15 69 31

Teachers ........................................................ 84 16 66 34

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 84 16 65 35

Service ................................................................... 87 13 72 28

Protective service .............................................. 88 12 77 23

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 12 73 27

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 12 74 26

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 90 10 77 23

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 86 14 71 29

Full time ................................................................. 86 14 71 29

Part time ................................................................ 85 15 70 30

Union ..................................................................... 86 14 76 24

Nonunion ............................................................... 87 13 67 33

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 87 13 66 34

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 87 13 61 39

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 13 74 26

Third 25 percent ................................................ 86 14 69 31

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 85 15 75 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 15 76 24

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 86 14 71 29

Education and health services ........................... 85 15 68 32

Educational services ...................................... 85 15 66 34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 84 16 65 35

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 14 72 28

Health care and social assistance ................. 87 13 74 26

Hospitals .................................................... 87 13 74 26

Public administration ......................................... 88 12 77 23

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 86 14 74 26

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 88 12 74 26

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 84 16 73 27

100 workers or more .............................................. 86 14 70 30

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 87 13 71 29

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 14 70 30

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid by employer and

employee, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(In percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

State government .................................................. 85 15 74 26

Local government .................................................. 86 14 70 30

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 85 15 83 17

New England ..................................................... 77 23 76 24

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 87 13 85 15

South ..................................................................... 86 14 63 37

South Atlantic .................................................... 86 14 67 33

East South Central ............................................ 88 12 63 37

West South Central ........................................... 86 14 57 43

Midwest ................................................................. 87 13 74 26

East North Central ............................................. 85 15 76 24

West North Central ............................................ 91 9 70 30

West ...................................................................... 86 14 74 26

Mountain ............................................................ 87 13 71 29

Pacific ................................................................ 86 14 75 25

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, state and local government workers, March

2020

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Service ................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

Protective service .............................................. 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3

Hospitals .................................................... 1.3 1.3 2.4 2.4

Public administration ......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 10. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Share of premiums paid

by employer and employee, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage Family coverage

Employer

share

Employee

share

Employer

share

Employee

share

State government .................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Local government .................................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

New England ..................................................... 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6

South ..................................................................... 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2

West South Central ........................................... 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.2

Midwest ................................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4

West North Central ............................................ 1.1 1.1 1.8 1.8

West ...................................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 0.5 0.5 2.8 2.8

Pacific ................................................................ 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $576.34 23 $617.05 77 $564.37 $128.68

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 565.75 22 613.75 78 552.33 137.02

Professional and related .................................... 100 562.53 22 607.05 78 549.92 140.18

Teachers ........................................................ 100 556.32 23 593.75 77 544.86 153.28

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 555.10 25 590.23 75 543.10 160.51

Service ................................................................... 100 588.07 24 611.07 76 580.65 124.27

Protective service .............................................. 100 613.83 23 609.19 77 615.26 122.26

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 586.58 23 621.27 77 576.16 109.37

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 586.86 23 623.90 77 575.67 108.37

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 604.62 27 634.02 73 593.72 98.92

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 609.33 22 657.91 78 595.65 127.80

Full time ................................................................. 100 576.53 22 617.07 78 564.82 127.84

Part time ................................................................ 100 571.45 31 616.70 69 550.83 153.73

Union ..................................................................... 100 602.80 25 630.95 75 593.10 151.76

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 551.53 20 600.37 80 539.31 108.55

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 549.59 26 605.20 74 530.09 113.35

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 526.76 27 588.96 73 503.17 111.60

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 583.61 21 607.75 79 577.14 116.61

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 576.79 22 610.44 78 567.43 129.66

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 591.21 22 641.92 78 576.48 149.62

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 607.60 27 646.89 73 592.67 180.67

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 576.61 23 616.19 77 565.03 128.93

Education and health services ........................... 100 554.14 23 600.59 77 540.56 137.61

Educational services ...................................... 100 553.69 23 598.69 77 540.27 144.61

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 550.10 25 596.85 75 534.13 155.78

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 561.56 16 604.65 84 553.56 117.14

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 556.72 21 612.74 79 542.18 98.57

Hospitals .................................................... 100 555.28 19 633.91 81 536.49 96.19

Public administration ......................................... 100 611.42 23 637.93 77 603.46 115.32

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 570.09 24 605.20 76 558.92 131.30

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 571.67 29 608.60 71 556.89 115.53

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 568.58 20 600.50 80 560.65 144.82

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 578.10 22 620.65 78 565.86 127.96

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 586.77 20 605.06 80 582.07 120.30

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 573.97 23 627.17 77 557.86 131.74

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with single coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. 100 $565.75 12 $594.91 88 $561.68 $113.53

Local government .................................................. 100 580.40 27 620.94 73 565.60 135.63

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 601.31 26 682.67 74 573.10 158.28

New England ..................................................... 100 563.74 2 571.09 98 563.57 176.75

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 612.88 33 685.02 67 577.38 150.00

South ..................................................................... 100 541.76 22 585.82 78 529.14 112.08

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 570.36 13 637.49 87 560.45 110.59

East South Central ............................................ 100 554.75 18 536.10 82 558.95 91.45

West South Central ........................................... 100 493.69 38 573.26 62 445.26 129.40

Midwest ................................................................. 100 602.15 18 609.75 82 600.43 123.36

East North Central ............................................. 100 599.55 12 572.43 88 603.18 133.52

West North Central ............................................ 100 607.21 31 637.01 69 593.54 97.92

West ...................................................................... 100 594.74 25 617.18 75 587.28 140.86

Mountain ............................................................ 100 539.69 17 578.75 83 531.45 93.17

Pacific ................................................................ 100 618.59 28 627.45 72 615.10 164.63

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $3.84 0.9 $7.17 0.9 $4.85 $2.97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.83 1.1 5.84 1.1 6.18 4.03

Professional and related .................................... 5.17 1.2 6.02 1.2 6.69 4.71

Teachers ........................................................ 6.47 1.8 7.10 1.8 8.47 7.54

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 8.06 1.9 6.93 1.9 10.87 8.78

Service ................................................................... 6.83 2.0 10.62 2.0 8.55 5.55

Protective service .............................................. 8.33 2.7 14.17 2.7 10.94 8.33

Sales and office ..................................................... 5.32 1.7 11.83 1.7 7.32 3.52

Office and administrative support ...................... 5.21 1.7 11.48 1.7 7.17 3.46

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 14.79 3.6 42.80 3.6 13.66 5.72

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 15.95 3.3 27.58 3.3 16.88 8.42

Full time ................................................................. 3.80 0.9 7.61 0.9 4.71 3.01

Part time ................................................................ 14.42 3.4 16.92 3.4 18.87 10.16

Union ..................................................................... 4.31 1.4 8.10 1.4 5.14 4.67

Nonunion ............................................................... 6.72 1.3 12.21 1.3 8.19 3.61

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5.87 1.4 17.13 1.4 6.28 3.95

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 7.74 2.8 12.06 2.8 9.20 5.36

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5.76 1.8 13.18 1.8 7.27 3.53

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5.81 1.6 7.98 1.6 7.44 5.17

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5.41 1.4 9.35 1.4 6.61 5.10

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.83 1.6 12.36 1.6 6.93 5.58

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.84 0.9 6.81 0.9 4.91 3.00

Education and health services ........................... 4.94 1.1 6.41 1.1 6.47 4.52

Educational services ...................................... 4.78 1.2 6.61 1.2 6.46 5.38

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6.20 1.6 7.17 1.6 8.71 6.68

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 8.01 1.7 14.17 1.7 9.36 5.68

Health care and social assistance ................. 18.75 3.3 20.85 3.3 22.84 3.37

Hospitals .................................................... 31.18 3.4 13.45 3.4 37.57 4.27

Public administration ......................................... 5.71 1.5 13.85 1.5 6.24 2.78

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 11.24 2.1 18.27 2.1 13.91 5.60

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 16.52 3.4 28.02 3.4 19.28 6.08

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 15.52 2.3 21.49 2.3 18.67 8.40

100 workers or more .............................................. 4.59 1.1 7.41 1.1 6.06 3.33

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 9.12 2.1 13.80 2.1 11.31 4.97

500 workers or more .......................................... 5.14 1.0 7.81 1.0 6.45 3.62

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 11. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. $5.95 0.8 $8.04 0.8 $6.25 $3.38

Local government .................................................. 5.13 1.2 8.26 1.2 6.83 3.74

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 7.34 1.2 4.98 1.2 9.74 6.84

New England ..................................................... 17.40 0.9 14.74 0.9 17.93 9.97

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6.93 1.7 5.13 1.7 9.99 9.90

South ..................................................................... 7.38 1.3 9.66 1.3 10.42 5.93

South Atlantic .................................................... 13.91 1.9 18.67 1.9 17.75 8.64

East South Central ............................................ 14.19 1.3 6.00 1.3 17.91 8.30

West South Central ........................................... 4.63 2.9 10.51 2.9 6.52 12.33

Midwest ................................................................. 7.34 2.4 27.71 2.4 5.27 2.76

East North Central ............................................. 5.09 1.1 32.31 1.1 4.87 3.78

West North Central ............................................ 19.12 7.0 41.81 7.0 13.46 6.64

West ...................................................................... 6.60 2.2 16.52 2.2 6.68 4.43

Mountain ............................................................ 9.92 2.9 28.18 2.9 9.61 4.36

Pacific ................................................................ 8.80 2.8 20.16 2.8 9.44 6.96

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 64 26 6 5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 64 27 6 4

Professional and related .................................... 64 27 6 3

Teachers ........................................................ 65 26 7 2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 68 23 7 2

Service ................................................................... 66 24 4 6

Protective service .............................................. 68 20 2 10

Sales and office ..................................................... 61 28 5 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 61 28 5 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 67 20 9 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 66 17 – –

Full time ................................................................. 64 26 6 5

Part time ................................................................ 54 28 – –

Union ..................................................................... 68 18 7 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 60 33 5 2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 61 31 6 3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 62 31 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 65 25 6 5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 65 26 6 3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 65 22 6 7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 62 23 5 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 64 26 6 5

Education and health services ........................... 63 29 5 2

Educational services ...................................... 65 28 6 2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 70 21 7 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 51 45 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 55 38 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 51 43 – –

Public administration ......................................... 65 22 4 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 61 23 9 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 69 – 8 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 54 30 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 65 26 5 4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 67 23 6 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 64 28 4 4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Medical care benefits, single coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 52 39 2 7

Local government .................................................. 69 19 8 4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 66 19 8 8

New England ..................................................... 79 9 11 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 60 23 6 11

South ..................................................................... 60 35 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 48 46 – –

East South Central ............................................ 59 41 – –

West South Central ........................................... 84 – 4 –

Midwest ................................................................. 75 20 4 1

East North Central ............................................. 75 20 – –

West North Central ............................................ 75 20 – –

West ...................................................................... 59 19 9 13

Mountain ............................................................ 72 20 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 52 19 10 19

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, state and local government

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.0 1.9 0.7 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 2.2 0.8 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 3.4 3.0 1.0 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.6 3.1 1.2 0.7

Service ................................................................... 2.5 1.5 1.0 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 3.9 2.4 0.6 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.0 2.1 1.0 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.1 2.1 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.3 3.6 2.0 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.0 3.9 – –

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 5.0 4.8 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.6 2.4 0.8 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 1.9 1.0 0.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.8 3.2 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 1.8 1.0 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.8 2.4 1.0 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7 0.9 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 2.1 1.7 1.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.4 0.6 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 2.1 0.6 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 2.3 2.2 0.7 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.5 2.4 0.8 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.4 3.4 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.4 6.4 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 6.4 8.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.8 1.1 1.1 0.9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.8 3.0 1.9 1.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.3 – 2.5 –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 5.1 4.0 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.3 0.8 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.1 2.7 1.5 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.5 0.7 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 12. Standard errors for medical care benefits, single coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 2.3 2.2 0.8 0.8

Local government .................................................. 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.4

New England ..................................................... 3.7 2.2 2.7 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 2.1 1.5 1.9

South ..................................................................... 2.9 2.9 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.6 4.8 – –

East South Central ............................................ 2.3 1.9 – –

West South Central ........................................... 4.4 – 0.9 –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.3

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.6 – –

West North Central ............................................ 4.9 5.0 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.8

Mountain ............................................................ 6.1 3.8 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 3.4 2.3 2.6 2.7

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. 100 $1,235.07 7 $1,686.78 93 $1,198.75 $523.98

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 100 1,193.98 7 1,679.22 93 1,154.54 545.63

Professional and related .................................... 100 1,180.30 7 1,659.64 93 1,142.44 559.01

Teachers ........................................................ 100 1,105.79 7 1,675.86 93 1,061.13 609.83

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 100 1,086.05 8 1,687.13 92 1,031.68 638.81

Service ................................................................... 100 1,275.81 7 1,709.70 93 1,243.23 511.56

Protective service .............................................. 100 1,397.11 8 1,738.00 92 1,366.24 455.87

Sales and office ..................................................... 100 1,288.70 7 1,612.82 93 1,262.93 476.04

Office and administrative support ...................... 100 1,290.14 7 1,613.86 93 1,263.95 473.41

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 100 1,354.31 8 1,646.19 92 1,327.84 436.99

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 100 1,325.38 8 2,030.05 92 1,266.17 538.09

Full time ................................................................. 100 1,235.02 7 1,691.02 93 1,199.02 522.65

Part time ................................................................ 100 1,236.33 11 1,609.81 89 1,191.32 560.90

Union ..................................................................... 100 1,394.80 12 1,686.34 88 1,353.27 524.41

Nonunion ............................................................... 100 1,086.88 3 1,688.60 97 1,069.70 523.62

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 100 1,094.64 5 1,780.21 95 1,060.86 547.91

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 959.21 3 1,379.55 97 948.09 598.55

Second 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,300.18 7 1,584.83 93 1,277.26 471.07

Third 25 percent ................................................ 100 1,181.87 6 1,674.35 94 1,148.66 548.27

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 100 1,347.71 11 1,720.76 89 1,302.60 522.96

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 100 1,391.31 17 1,718.22 83 1,325.29 563.36

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 100 1,234.88 7 1,684.93 93 1,198.77 524.56

Education and health services ........................... 100 1,144.92 7 1,665.48 93 1,103.39 574.86

Educational services ...................................... 100 1,118.08 8 1,677.12 92 1,072.63 598.77

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 100 1,082.86 9 1,696.35 91 1,021.99 645.69

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 100 1,220.99 3 1,518.49 97 1,210.96 472.58

Health care and social assistance ................. 100 1,297.63 7 1,590.41 93 1,276.82 440.11

Hospitals .................................................... 100 1,328.10 7 1,714.50 93 1,299.66 438.20

Public administration ......................................... 100 1,371.70 8 1,742.05 92 1,340.93 441.30

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 100 1,241.85 9 1,644.83 91 1,204.17 483.15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 100 1,254.97 10 1,639.16 90 1,213.64 478.27

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 100 1,229.00 7 1,652.10 93 1,195.12 487.81

100 workers or more .............................................. 100 1,233.17 7 1,700.86 93 1,197.26 535.23

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 100 1,233.34 3 1,496.45 97 1,225.82 502.49

500 workers or more .......................................... 100 1,233.09 9 1,730.07 91 1,182.80 551.81

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee premiums by employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with family coverage medical care benefits = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Total Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. 100 $1,264.33 1 $1,235.31 99 $1,264.76 $424.53

Local government .................................................. 100 1,223.90 10 1,712.79 90 1,171.24 565.43

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 100 1,523.24 23 1,801.28 77 1,440.02 434.12

New England ..................................................... 100 1,419.93 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 100 1,555.08 30 1,806.37 70 1,448.48 426.90

South ..................................................................... 100 983.04 1 1,344.49 99 979.16 558.89

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 1,079.07 1 1,565.89 99 1,073.37 517.56

East South Central ............................................ 100 957.01 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 100 858.28 1 – 99 859.04 639.14

Midwest ................................................................. 100 1,346.58 5 1,555.83 95 1,334.72 500.31

East North Central ............................................. 100 1,397.39 4 1,292.15 96 1,401.49 478.58

West North Central ............................................ 100 1,250.54 – – – – –

West ...................................................................... 100 1,355.37 8 1,580.55 92 1,335.53 539.01

Mountain ............................................................ 100 1,157.13 5 1,480.17 95 1,139.38 498.67

Pacific ................................................................ 100 1,443.73 9 1,605.37 91 1,426.98 557.82

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above

and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

All workers ............................................................. $11.01 0.5 $36.32 0.5 $11.77 $8.51

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 15.68 0.5 32.05 0.5 16.81 12.09

Professional and related .................................... 17.58 0.6 22.75 0.6 18.61 13.29

Teachers ........................................................ 20.10 0.8 25.11 0.8 20.81 17.90

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 22.94 1.0 29.00 1.0 23.11 20.24

Service ................................................................... 18.69 0.8 37.85 0.8 19.64 15.33

Protective service .............................................. 27.73 1.2 40.62 1.2 29.46 20.46

Sales and office ..................................................... 24.43 0.8 54.58 0.8 26.11 12.14

Office and administrative support ...................... 23.89 0.8 54.64 0.8 25.42 11.78

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 39.47 2.2 322.54 2.2 31.15 31.80

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 47.14 2.5 259.03 2.5 42.98 25.06

Full time ................................................................. 11.30 0.5 38.44 0.5 11.93 8.83

Part time ................................................................ 39.59 2.1 74.86 2.1 40.93 29.64

Union ..................................................................... 11.99 0.8 22.81 0.8 13.53 11.71

Nonunion ............................................................... 17.58 0.5 165.54 0.5 16.72 11.06

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 14.10 0.8 208.91 0.8 13.90 11.48

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23.85 1.3 174.15 1.3 23.17 19.51

Second 25 percent ............................................ 22.05 0.9 51.86 0.9 23.14 10.76

Third 25 percent ................................................ 18.61 0.8 32.76 0.8 19.81 13.38

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 16.48 0.8 21.13 0.8 18.77 14.86

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 21.79 1.3 28.00 1.3 23.33 17.33

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 11.14 0.4 36.03 0.4 11.93 8.42

Education and health services ........................... 14.67 0.5 27.96 0.5 16.30 12.27

Educational services ...................................... 13.36 0.7 30.53 0.7 14.96 14.34

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 14.38 0.9 33.18 0.9 15.03 15.43

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 21.47 0.7 85.24 0.7 22.81 15.20

Health care and social assistance ................. 62.99 1.4 79.22 1.4 67.78 14.99

Hospitals .................................................... 113.57 0.9 38.32 0.9 121.16 21.11

Public administration ......................................... 20.82 0.7 93.16 0.7 21.47 11.21

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 29.28 1.4 129.07 1.4 30.82 19.83

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 35.42 2.1 225.58 2.1 33.13 25.87

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 43.31 1.7 72.84 1.7 46.80 30.76

100 workers or more .............................................. 14.18 0.5 21.30 0.5 14.84 11.87

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 17.69 0.6 68.79 0.6 17.68 18.66

500 workers or more .......................................... 17.65 0.6 22.24 0.6 19.06 11.49

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 13. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage: Employer and employee

premiums by employee contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Employee contribution not

required Employee contribution required

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Percent of

participating

employees

Average

flat monthly

employer

premium

Average

flat monthly

employee

contribution

State government .................................................. $14.50 0.3 $54.92 0.3 $14.44 $9.47

Local government .................................................. 13.94 0.6 37.15 0.6 14.68 9.83

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 19.09 1.2 12.26 1.2 23.81 18.66

New England ..................................................... 40.95 – – – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 18.15 1.7 11.06 1.7 25.27 27.83

South ..................................................................... 19.98 0.3 174.13 0.3 19.64 10.84

South Atlantic .................................................... 35.49 0.2 171.16 0.2 34.61 9.39

East South Central ............................................ 47.83 – – – – –

West South Central ........................................... 23.20 0.1 – 0.1 21.53 29.06

Midwest ................................................................. 12.79 1.3 209.98 1.3 14.77 15.82

East North Central ............................................. 14.19 0.9 110.28 0.9 16.24 11.78

West North Central ............................................ 23.62 – – – – –

West ...................................................................... 17.18 1.2 68.11 1.2 19.53 26.53

Mountain ............................................................ 39.77 1.9 32.98 1.9 44.33 67.99

Pacific ................................................................ 18.69 1.5 84.77 1.5 19.86 22.35

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 66 24 6 4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 65 25 6 4

Professional and related .................................... 66 26 6 3

Teachers ........................................................ 68 24 6 2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 71 21 7 1

Service ................................................................... 68 22 4 5

Protective service .............................................. 69 20 3 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 63 25 5 6

Office and administrative support ...................... 63 25 5 6

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 70 17 9 4

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 67 17 12 3

Full time ................................................................. 66 24 5 4

Part time ................................................................ 58 26 – –

Union ..................................................................... 70 17 6 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 63 30 5 2

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 64 28 5 2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 66 28 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 66 24 5 5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 68 24 5 3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 65 22 6 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 62 23 7 8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 66 24 6 4

Education and health services ........................... 66 27 5 2

Educational services ...................................... 67 26 5 2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 71 21 6 2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 55 41 3 2

Health care and social assistance ................. 59 35 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 54 40 – –

Public administration ......................................... 66 22 4 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 63 21 10 6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 67 16 10 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 59 26 9 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 67 25 5 4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 69 22 5 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 66 26 4 4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Medical care benefits, family coverage: Employee participation by

type of contribution, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with contributory coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 51 39 2 7

Local government .................................................. 72 18 7 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 67 18 7 8

New England ..................................................... 80 9 11 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 62 22 5 11

South ..................................................................... 64 33 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 53 42 5 –

East South Central ............................................ 65 34 – –

West South Central ........................................... 79 18 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 77 17 5 1

East North Central ............................................. 78 17 – –

West North Central ............................................ 77 16 – –

West ...................................................................... 59 19 10 12

Mountain ............................................................ 74 18 5 3

Pacific ................................................................ 52 19 12 16

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, state and local government

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.5 1.4 0.6 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 2.4 2.1 0.9 0.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 2.1 1.1 0.5

Service ................................................................... 1.9 1.4 0.5 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 2.2 0.9 2.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.0 1.8 1.1 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.0 1.8 1.0 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.2 3.2 1.9 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.9 3.9 2.3 1.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 4.3 3.7 – –

Union ..................................................................... 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 1.9 0.6 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.6 0.7 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.6 2.9 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.2 1.7 0.9 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 1.7 0.7 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.1 1.6 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.5 0.7 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.0 3.2 1.3 0.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.1 5.9 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 6.1 7.7 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.2 1.1 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.2 2.2 1.7 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.3 3.3 2.4 1.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.7 3.5 2.6 1.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.6 2.3 1.3 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.4 0.5 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 14. Standard errors for medical care benefits, family coverage:

Employee participation by type of contribution, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Family coverage

Flat dollar

amount Varies1

Exists, but

amount

unknown

Other2

State government .................................................. 2.2 2.1 0.8 0.7

Local government .................................................. 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.6

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.3

New England ..................................................... 3.5 2.1 2.6 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 1.8 1.3 1.7

South ..................................................................... 2.0 2.0 – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.6 3.5 1.6 –

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 2.1 – –

West South Central ........................................... 3.1 2.7 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.2 1.6 1.0 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 1.6 1.4 – –

West North Central ............................................ 2.0 3.9 – –

West ...................................................................... 2.4 1.7 0.8 1.5

Mountain ............................................................ 5.5 4.1 0.8 0.9

Pacific ................................................................ 2.6 1.6 1.1 2.3

1 Based on worker attributes. For example, employee contributions may vary based on earnings, length of service,

or age. 2 Includes contribution types not separately published such as composite rates, flexible benefits, and percent of

earnings. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, state and local

government workers, March 2020

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $30.09 $52.00 $98.64 $154.86 $253.49 $167.87 $263.51 $423.17 $668.42 $1090.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 30.88 57.25 103.14 163.32 268.67 164.31 263.51 443.62 708.26 1110.61

Professional and related .................................... 30.66 58.44 103.25 165.56 276.80 165.00 270.60 453.93 729.33 1137.00

Teachers ........................................................ 30.95 60.82 103.76 182.50 347.54 159.06 281.36 519.87 815.14 1278.02

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 29.09 60.82 105.33 189.37 369.09 153.98 306.56 543.84 898.34 1298.86

Service ................................................................... 32.02 55.25 96.52 145.29 247.29 187.03 272.86 433.43 638.98 1089.40

Protective service .............................................. 32.28 55.25 94.44 140.99 257.57 180.00 263.51 381.06 598.00 783.12

Sales and office ..................................................... 23.45 48.60 90.36 134.92 188.00 160.00 250.41 393.96 602.81 911.41

Office and administrative support ...................... 23.45 47.88 89.39 132.00 186.49 160.00 250.41 393.96 603.13 911.41

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 22.54 46.23 81.25 123.20 166.00 151.31 239.02 335.73 524.16 765.94

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 41.92 88.50 150.20 254.71 213.27 310.89 428.20 765.49 1142.05

Full time ................................................................. 29.36 51.60 97.68 153.94 249.94 166.22 263.51 423.17 666.48 1084.14

Part time ................................................................ 40.00 87.37 116.31 – 319.62 – 291.30 428.20 850.70 1190.15

Union ..................................................................... 35.74 68.55 115.57 182.15 297.42 142.24 254.17 393.00 658.06 1126.96

Nonunion ............................................................... 20.00 47.88 87.84 132.52 191.49 180.00 272.25 453.93 675.95 1065.24

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 25.41 48.91 89.00 141.58 209.70 180.00 281.36 487.70 721.51 1150.32

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23.83 40.00 89.29 145.10 209.00 212.16 342.11 567.48 763.79 1183.08

Second 25 percent ............................................ 29.27 50.00 90.36 135.11 205.95 160.00 245.00 374.88 578.86 880.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 26.22 54.12 98.38 147.12 263.64 177.00 281.36 478.38 723.82 1090.66

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 34.00 66.13 110.89 182.79 306.39 137.34 248.36 398.77 623.51 1092.90

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 39.28 74.52 127.36 220.99 533.29 157.22 268.71 439.53 659.54 1412.51

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 29.64 51.81 98.64 156.67 254.88 165.21 263.72 428.20 670.00 1089.47

Education and health services ........................... 30.66 57.25 100.61 168.41 276.80 173.10 276.25 500.60 757.46 1165.00

Educational services ...................................... 31.00 58.14 103.09 178.32 300.91 165.00 276.64 522.00 807.41 1218.66

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 29.09 60.00 104.96 186.52 343.37 159.06 311.69 561.47 918.65 1290.47

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 32.48 50.50 91.62 153.94 220.99 183.97 222.00 366.11 571.11 784.32

Health care and social assistance ................. – 42.95 88.00 123.94 167.27 216.00 270.72 393.39 543.00 706.00

Hospitals .................................................... – 33.00 86.76 115.57 159.03 222.00 277.15 391.00 532.51 706.00

Public administration ......................................... 26.27 50.00 99.98 136.46 206.19 155.98 242.98 363.14 522.82 781.51

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 33.22 59.38 102.24 149.78 237.92 102.00 212.15 342.11 603.13 904.55

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 25.18 47.88 108.76 150.20 216.03 – 219.12 380.79 619.64 985.84

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 42.95 68.49 100.94 148.37 255.00 120.50 195.74 323.81 595.70 775.09

100 workers or more .............................................. 29.50 50.00 96.76 157.10 255.55 183.97 273.34 441.16 686.00 1106.08

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 29.27 52.00 95.82 140.99 235.97 180.00 244.81 384.26 657.01 1137.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 29.98 50.00 97.68 161.93 268.67 196.92 304.20 471.90 705.00 1095.17

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(Includes workers participating in medical care benefits with flat dollar amount contributory coverage)

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $35.04 $50.00 $108.68 $140.99 $195.26 $180.00 $222.00 $349.00 $498.88 $681.05

Local government .................................................. 27.41 54.12 96.76 162.00 274.24 159.06 276.83 466.32 732.19 1165.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 48.53 92.46 131.71 189.82 279.00 94.14 258.06 401.87 496.02 698.25

New England ..................................................... 83.19 123.90 173.77 215.06 300.09 218.12 318.13 424.33 534.23 626.72

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 36.93 75.83 123.94 167.27 266.67 – 217.06 381.06 487.70 751.30

South ..................................................................... 20.00 48.40 86.67 138.62 201.59 190.69 326.91 519.87 708.26 1115.25

South Atlantic .................................................... 25.41 50.00 78.00 123.20 180.91 180.00 271.75 435.82 640.10 972.97

East South Central ............................................ 17.92 – – 130.00 172.00 221.25 347.41 507.02 686.00 880.00

West South Central ........................................... 36.26 58.44 100.00 163.32 277.00 238.40 351.24 551.36 870.05 1207.28

Midwest ................................................................. 31.54 57.30 93.63 127.76 220.99 161.25 222.00 354.41 668.50 1190.30

East North Central ............................................. 35.34 74.31 101.50 133.49 255.00 156.78 222.00 329.01 614.13 1205.48

West North Central ............................................ 29.09 35.04 64.29 112.52 158.07 165.00 239.02 448.03 788.59 1163.93

West ...................................................................... 29.56 48.60 92.34 182.15 279.00 132.28 237.02 374.88 723.62 1084.14

Mountain ............................................................ 19.33 43.87 56.12 100.94 214.92 148.49 243.22 397.23 744.55 1084.14

Pacific ................................................................ 41.55 70.04 125.39 227.11 355.66 119.17 220.49 361.71 682.29 1077.68

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, state

and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $1.95 $3.46 $3.22 $5.07 $6.04 $8.61 $8.33 $15.48 $15.16 $24.70

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.40 4.08 2.84 4.27 12.96 7.86 11.18 20.91 29.91 41.25

Professional and related .................................... 2.53 3.69 3.74 5.67 16.55 12.21 10.16 20.54 29.45 52.67

Teachers ........................................................ 3.99 5.14 2.75 8.25 34.22 14.99 22.36 16.58 50.08 54.90

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 8.29 5.47 3.63 9.29 38.58 18.05 25.30 31.63 56.86 79.85

Service ................................................................... 2.14 5.78 5.48 13.93 26.85 14.09 11.86 21.43 23.09 109.81

Protective service .............................................. 7.26 10.40 8.35 22.01 55.90 13.44 18.76 15.50 60.96 72.72

Sales and office ..................................................... 4.96 3.76 2.57 10.43 12.44 11.33 14.08 23.21 24.55 49.81

Office and administrative support ...................... 4.73 3.43 2.50 9.47 5.81 12.23 13.45 22.10 24.73 51.97

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.50 6.31 12.45 7.77 17.54 25.21 34.18 23.99 19.29 75.38

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 8.52 16.14 16.38 34.62 36.87 17.95 67.77 116.13 76.33

Full time ................................................................. 2.15 3.04 3.44 5.35 6.97 9.13 9.09 15.80 16.01 25.92

Part time ................................................................ 7.75 4.67 9.58 – 44.16 – 32.50 79.17 120.56 77.63

Union ..................................................................... 0.79 3.46 2.82 6.99 23.91 7.52 15.13 14.65 30.72 52.77

Nonunion ............................................................... 3.62 2.67 2.85 4.81 7.37 1.61 10.90 25.75 22.41 39.89

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 3.23 2.92 2.13 6.97 8.44 3.93 25.24 12.98 24.08 56.41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5.68 7.41 5.18 11.15 21.77 13.51 11.90 28.78 83.92 85.00

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.44 1.95 2.88 4.87 10.60 17.99 9.39 12.97 16.24 58.79

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6.32 6.89 5.31 8.05 13.24 11.88 15.40 17.19 27.33 21.05

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.86 3.46 4.83 6.99 38.61 10.53 17.11 21.08 39.11 83.27

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5.30 7.09 7.68 19.22 0.00 17.51 16.08 33.88 73.70 12.53

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 2.05 3.38 3.19 4.79 5.17 9.58 8.51 16.04 14.81 23.16

Education and health services ........................... 2.11 3.87 2.92 4.78 15.38 12.63 12.64 16.77 33.16 44.51

Educational services ...................................... 2.38 3.90 2.82 6.24 25.63 9.97 19.44 16.53 42.31 55.69

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 5.06 4.64 2.75 5.91 25.31 15.82 14.32 24.91 48.56 37.25

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.49 14.50 9.20 10.49 20.47 10.14 5.27 38.35 36.98 36.25

Health care and social assistance ................. – 7.48 4.78 5.92 9.94 14.85 14.24 16.42 43.33 37.00

Hospitals .................................................... – 6.80 7.58 8.98 12.27 15.56 23.46 19.97 21.82 68.98

Public administration ......................................... 4.09 1.41 8.00 2.51 17.77 24.30 11.61 11.21 36.89 46.88

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.72 7.08 3.57 10.72 25.45 23.26 25.66 24.02 20.81 106.47

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5.11 4.92 9.41 17.55 24.99 – 38.23 30.22 35.61 137.85

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.48 4.67 2.87 12.59 26.67 19.70 23.80 22.30 28.30 77.76

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.81 3.09 3.02 5.29 6.14 6.50 8.74 14.37 24.71 34.03

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 6.14 5.95 5.92 8.10 20.52 7.72 12.24 11.43 58.52 83.34

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.62 1.64 3.35 4.14 12.69 11.99 12.66 20.89 29.18 36.06

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 15. Standard errors for medical care benefits: Monthly employee contributions for single and family coverage, state

and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Single coverage1 Family coverage1

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $2.32 $3.27 $4.25 $4.89 $17.20 $0.00 $8.71 $9.68 $34.83 $28.48

Local government .................................................. 3.08 3.87 3.45 5.05 11.16 10.76 8.60 20.08 26.65 41.77

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 6.51 6.73 7.21 6.04 35.35 19.10 15.47 19.54 10.94 52.00

New England ..................................................... 15.87 11.25 11.12 12.42 44.40 29.67 25.58 34.71 36.62 63.44

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5.10 6.95 0.25 6.80 43.65 – 20.14 36.92 0.00 122.90

South ..................................................................... 4.41 3.61 4.72 4.31 6.38 5.84 17.63 11.78 20.83 39.17

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.34 0.38 9.29 15.10 9.78 0.00 3.14 24.14 45.51 235.84

East South Central ............................................ 2.12 – – 6.74 7.26 12.66 24.14 47.12 27.61 238.51

West South Central ........................................... 8.02 4.01 10.85 7.50 26.87 40.72 17.31 25.62 77.04 71.82

Midwest ................................................................. 1.57 7.80 4.09 3.96 34.15 9.41 7.64 19.95 49.69 132.33

East North Central ............................................. 6.37 6.81 2.76 4.10 39.48 34.90 3.77 9.05 49.34 132.85

West North Central ............................................ 0.55 1.53 7.79 5.34 10.63 26.31 32.10 53.54 95.82 238.82

West ...................................................................... 4.69 1.85 2.14 17.35 42.51 10.66 21.41 43.58 68.94 32.22

Mountain ............................................................ 4.80 11.87 6.26 11.48 30.74 27.38 14.34 80.18 99.33 43.09

Pacific ................................................................ 3.03 7.51 1.62 18.77 19.80 20.63 31.89 39.13 68.42 73.29

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of participating workers pay the

same as or more than the premium shown, and half pay the same as or less than the premium shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers pay the same or less than

the premium shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 82 80 98 26 25 96 38 37 97

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 83 81 98 25 24 95 41 40 97

Professional and related .................................... 83 80 97 25 23 95 41 40 97

Teachers ........................................................ 82 80 98 21 20 94 41 40 97

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 87 86 98 20 19 95 40 39 98

Service ................................................................... 76 74 97 26 25 98 31 31 98

Protective service .............................................. 86 84 98 29 29 99 32 32 100

Sales and office ..................................................... 82 81 98 29 28 98 38 37 98

Office and administrative support ...................... 83 81 98 29 28 98 38 37 98

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 90 89 99 35 33 96 41 39 96

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 80 78 99 27 26 97 33 32 98

Full time ................................................................. 91 89 98 28 27 96 43 42 98

Part time ................................................................ 24 22 94 14 14 96 13 13 94

Union ..................................................................... 89 87 98 26 25 98 38 37 98

Nonunion ............................................................... 76 74 97 27 25 95 39 38 97

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 66 63 97 20 19 95 29 28 97

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 54 53 97 16 15 93 24 24 96

Second 25 percent ............................................ 87 85 98 30 29 96 41 40 97

Third 25 percent ................................................ 88 86 98 27 26 96 42 41 97

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 86 98 29 28 98 43 42 98

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 85 82 97 34 34 99 39 38 97

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 82 80 98 26 25 96 39 38 97

Education and health services ........................... 82 80 97 24 23 94 41 40 97

Educational services ...................................... 81 79 98 22 21 94 39 38 97

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 80 78 98 21 20 95 35 35 98

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 86 83 97 28 26 92 49 47 96

Health care and social assistance ................. 88 84 96 34 32 95 53 51 96

Hospitals .................................................... 88 83 95 45 42 95 63 61 97

Public administration ......................................... 84 82 98 30 30 99 34 34 98

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 75 74 98 21 20 97 35 34 98

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 70 70 99 23 22 97 30 29 99

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 80 79 98 19 18 97 40 39 98

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 82 97 28 27 96 40 38 97

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 78 76 97 23 23 97 36 35 98

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 84 98 30 29 96 41 40 97

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 90 86 96 30 28 94 39 37 96

Local government .................................................. 79 78 98 25 24 97 38 38 98

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 82 80 97 32 32 100 16 15 99

New England ..................................................... 83 75 90 10 10 100 16 16 99

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 82 81 99 39 39 100 15 15 99

South ..................................................................... 83 80 97 24 22 94 35 33 96

South Atlantic .................................................... 85 82 96 35 33 93 48 45 95

East South Central ............................................ 75 73 97 – – – 31 30 97

West South Central ........................................... 84 82 98 13 13 98 17 17 100

Midwest ................................................................. 81 79 97 24 22 92 57 56 98

East North Central ............................................. 81 78 96 34 31 91 63 62 97

West North Central ............................................ 82 81 99 7 6 98 46 46 99

West ...................................................................... 80 80 100 27 27 99 46 45 98

Mountain ............................................................ 83 82 100 28 27 97 61 59 97

Pacific ................................................................ 79 79 99 27 27 100 39 38 98

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.5 1.6 0.4

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.4

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 1.3 0.5 1.6 1.6 0.6 2.5 2.6 0.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 1.4 0.5 1.7 1.6 0.6 2.7 2.7 0.3

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.5 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.4 1.9 1.9 0.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.7 1.8 0.5 2.4 2.4 0.3 2.8 2.9 0.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.4 1.4 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.5

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.4 2.4 0.4 4.5 4.2 1.6 3.8 3.4 1.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.6 4.6 0.5 4.0 3.9 1.1 3.2 3.2 0.6

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.8 0.2 1.0 0.9 0.3 1.3 1.3 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.6 1.7 1.7 0.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.5 0.4 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.3 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.9 0.6 1.6 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.6 1.6 0.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 1.2 0.3 1.7 1.7 0.7 2.3 2.3 0.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.5 1.5 0.4 1.4 1.4 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.8 1.9 0.7 1.7 1.7 0.5 2.0 1.9 0.8

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 1.2 1.2 0.3

Education and health services ........................... 1.0 1.1 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.4 1.7 1.7 0.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.9 1.9 0.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 1.4 0.4 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.9 1.9 0.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.8 2.1 0.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 2.2 2.4 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.0 2.1 1.4 3.3 2.9 1.6 3.6 3.5 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 2.5 2.1 4.7 3.9 2.0 3.9 4.0 1.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.8 1.7 0.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.8 1.8 0.5 2.2 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.0 0.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.8 2.8 0.7 3.7 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 0.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.0 2.1 0.7 2.6 2.4 2.1 3.5 3.4 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 1.9 0.4 1.8 1.9 1.3 2.1 2.1 0.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 16. Standard errors for insurance benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates,1 state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Life insurance Short-term disability Long-term disability

Access Participation Take-up

rate Access Participation Take-uprate Access Participation Take-uprate

State government .................................................. 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.5 0.5

Local government .................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 2.0 0.8 2.0 2.0 0.1 1.6 1.6 0.5

New England ..................................................... 2.4 2.9 3.1 1.9 1.9 0.0 2.5 2.4 0.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 2.4 0.2 2.7 2.7 0.1 2.2 2.1 0.7

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.3 0.4 1.5 1.5 0.6 2.4 2.3 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.2 1.6 0.7 2.3 2.3 0.8 3.9 3.9 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 3.5 3.6 0.6 – – – 6.0 5.7 0.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.6 2.4 0.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 2.7 2.7 0.2

Midwest ................................................................. 2.1 2.2 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.3 2.5 2.5 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 3.0 0.9 1.5 1.4 0.3 1.8 1.8 0.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.9 2.9 0.3 1.7 1.6 1.8 6.1 6.1 0.5

West ...................................................................... 1.7 1.7 0.1 1.9 1.9 0.9 2.4 2.5 0.5

Mountain ............................................................ 3.9 3.8 0.2 4.1 3.8 2.5 6.8 6.8 0.7

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.7 0.2 2.1 2.1 0.1 2.1 2.2 0.7

1 The take-up rate is an estimate of the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan, rounded for presentation. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. 

The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 10 90

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 11 89

Professional and related .................................... 11 89

Teachers ........................................................ 11 89

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10 90

Service ................................................................... 9 91

Protective service .............................................. 7 93

Sales and office ..................................................... 10 90

Office and administrative support ...................... 9 91

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7 93

Full time ................................................................. 10 90

Part time ................................................................ 13 87

Union ..................................................................... 9 91

Nonunion ............................................................... 11 89

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 11 89

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 14 86

Second 25 percent ............................................ 8 92

Third 25 percent ................................................ 8 92

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 13 87

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 13 87

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 10 90

Education and health services ........................... 12 88

Educational services ...................................... 12 88

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 10 90

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 15 85

Health care and social assistance ................. 12 88

Hospitals .................................................... 8 92

Public administration ......................................... 7 93

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 9 91

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 10 90

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 8 92

100 workers or more .............................................. 10 90

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 8 92

500 workers or more .......................................... 11 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Life insurance plans: Employee contribution

requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 13 87

Local government .................................................. 9 91

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 14 86

New England ..................................................... 42 58

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 95

South ..................................................................... 10 90

South Atlantic .................................................... 10 90

East South Central ............................................ 12 88

West South Central ........................................... 8 92

Midwest ................................................................. 12 88

East North Central ............................................. 15 85

West North Central ............................................ 6 94

West ...................................................................... 5 95

Mountain ............................................................ 8 92

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers,

March 2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.9 0.9

Service ................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 2.0 2.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.4 1.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 3.2 3.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.8 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.0 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.9 1.9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 2.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.8 1.8

Hospitals .................................................... 2.4 2.4

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 2.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.7 2.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.3 2.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.2 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.7 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 17. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 1.5 1.5

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 1.3

New England ..................................................... 3.6 3.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.8

South ..................................................................... 0.8 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 1.5 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 1.0 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 0.7 0.7

West ...................................................................... 1.0 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.6 1.6

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, state and local government

workers, March 2020

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 36 2 53 6 3

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 34 3 54 5 4

Professional and related .................................... 33 3 55 5 4

Teachers ........................................................ 29 3 60 4 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 26 2 64 3 5

Service ................................................................... 37 2 53 6 2

Protective service .............................................. 36 2 52 8 3

Sales and office ..................................................... 39 2 50 6 3

Office and administrative support ...................... 39 2 50 6 4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 – 51 7 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 38 – 43 17 –

Full time ................................................................. 36 2 53 6 3

Part time ................................................................ 31 – 62 2 –

Union ..................................................................... 32 1 58 7 1 ( )

Nonunion ............................................................... 39 3 47 4 6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 37 2 54 3 5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 39 – 54 – 4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 3 49 6 3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 34 2 52 7 5

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 33 3 56 6 2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 31 3 59 5 1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 36 2 53 6 3

Education and health services ........................... 35 2 55 4 4

Educational services ...................................... 31 3 59 4 4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 26 3 64 3 4

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 44 3 44 6 4

Health care and social assistance ................. 57 – 35 3 –

Hospitals .................................................... 64 – 27 – –

Public administration ......................................... 35 2 52 8 3

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 27 3 62 2 5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 20 – 69 – 5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 33 – 57 – 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 38 2 51 6 3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 37 2 52 5 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 39 2 50 7 2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with basic life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

State government .................................................. 40 3 45 6 5

Local government .................................................. 34 2 56 5 3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 33 3 51 13 –

New England ..................................................... 21 – 72 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 37 4 45 14 –

South ..................................................................... 41 3 44 4 8

South Atlantic .................................................... 52 5 27 2 14

East South Central ............................................ 42 – 41 12 –

West South Central ........................................... 23 – 71 5 –

Midwest ................................................................. 41 2 52 4 2

East North Central ............................................. 41 – 54 4 –

West North Central ............................................ 40 4 48 – –

West ...................................................................... 25 – 69 4 –

Mountain ............................................................ 40 – 56 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 18 – 76 5 –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, state

and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.5 0.3 1.4 0.7 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 0.4 1.5 0.8 2.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 0.4 1.6 0.9 2.5

Service ................................................................... 1.8 0.5 1.8 0.8 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.9 0.6 3.0 1.3 0.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.5 0.5 2.8 0.9 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.6 0.4 2.8 0.9 1.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.1 – 4.2 1.8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.8 – 3.8 3.3 –

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 3.3 – 3.4 0.8 –

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.3 0.7 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.7 0.5 1.7 0.7 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.8 0.4 1.9 0.8 0.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 – 2.3 – 0.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 0.6 1.9 1.0 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 0.5 1.5 0.8 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.5 1.7 0.7 0.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 0.9 2.0 1.3 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.7

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.6 1.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.5 0.4 1.3 0.7 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.4 1.4 0.8 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.1 0.8 2.6 1.1 1.2

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.5 – 4.0 1.1 –

Hospitals .................................................... 5.9 – 4.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 2.2 0.4 2.3 0.9 0.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.4 0.7 3.1 1.1 1.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.8 – 3.4 – 2.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.6 – 4.2 – 1.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.4 0.5 2.4 1.4 1.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 0.4 1.6 0.6 0.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 18. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Method of benefit payment, state

and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Basic life insurance method of payment

Fixed

multiple of

annual

earnings

Variable

multiple of

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amount

Variable

dollar

amount

Other

State government .................................................. 2.0 0.6 2.0 0.9 0.9

Local government .................................................. 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.6 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 0.5 1.8 1.0 –

New England ..................................................... 2.4 – 1.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.4 0.7 2.1 1.2 –

South ..................................................................... 2.0 0.4 1.5 0.9 1.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 3.3 0.5 2.4 0.8 3.1

East South Central ............................................ 3.8 – 3.1 1.8 –

West South Central ........................................... 3.3 – 2.7 1.8 –

Midwest ................................................................. 2.7 0.6 2.8 1.2 0.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 – 3.3 1.5 –

West North Central ............................................ 5.9 1.2 4.8 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.9 – 1.8 1.0 –

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 – 3.4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.5 – 2.1 0.9 –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, state and local

government workers, March 2020

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. – 51 20 23 6 1.4 1.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 49 23 23 6 1.5 1.3

Professional and related .................................... – 49 24 21 5 1.5 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ – 46 25 21 8 1.5 1.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 47 29 20 – 1.5 1.3

Service ................................................................... – 54 17 20 9 1.5 1.0

Protective service .............................................. – 53 – 24 – 1.6 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 54 17 26 3 1.4 1.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 54 17 26 3 1.4 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 56 – 31 – 1.4 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 52 – 28 – 1.4 1.0

Full time ................................................................. – 51 20 23 6 1.4 1.0

Part time ................................................................ – 53 16 29 – 1.4 –

Union ..................................................................... – 51 27 14 8 1.4 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 51 13 31 4 1.5 –

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 55 18 23 4 1.4 1.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 54 24 20 – 1.4 1.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 52 19 25 5 1.4 1.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 54 18 23 4 1.4 1.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 45 23 23 9 1.6 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 44 22 23 11 1.6 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 51 20 23 6 1.4 1.0

Education and health services ........................... – 48 23 23 6 1.5 1.3

Educational services ...................................... – 44 24 25 7 1.5 1.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 44 28 24 5 1.5 1.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 44 18 27 11 1.5 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. – 60 20 – 4 1.4 1.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 64 17 – – 1.4 1.0

Public administration ......................................... – 56 16 22 6 1.4 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 58 19 19 4 1.4 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 62 – – 4 1.4 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 56 24 – – 1.4 1.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – 50 20 24 6 1.5 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 45 25 24 5 1.5 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... – 52 18 24 6 1.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of annual earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

State government .................................................. – 54 20 19 7 1.4 1.0

Local government .................................................. – 50 19 25 5 1.5 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 36 45 7 12 1.6 1.5

New England ..................................................... – 51 27 – – 1.4 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 33 48 6 13 1.6 1.5

South ..................................................................... – 54 12 32 3 1.4 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 53 14 30 – 1.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 53 – 40 – 1.4 –

West South Central ........................................... – 54 – 30 – 1.4 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 50 22 21 7 1.4 1.1

East North Central ............................................. – 52 11 27 10 1.5 1.0

West North Central ............................................ – 45 42 – – 1.3 –

West ...................................................................... – 65 8 22 – 1.4 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 56 – 31 – 1.4 1.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 75 4 – – 1.4 1.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, state

and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

All workers ............................................................. – 1.8 1.9 1.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.1 2 ( ) 0.2

Professional and related .................................... – 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.3 2 ( ) 0.2

Teachers ........................................................ – 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.3 0.1 0.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 2.9 3.1 2.9 – 0.1 0.2

Service ................................................................... – 4.6 2.8 3.3 2.5 0.1 0.2

Protective service .............................................. – 7.4 – 5.8 – 0.1 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – 3.6 3.0 3.5 0.8 2 ( ) 0.1

Office and administrative support ...................... – 3.6 2.9 3.6 0.8 2 ( ) 0.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 5.1 – 4.5 – 2 ( ) 0.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 6.4 – 6.6 – 0.1 0.3

Full time ................................................................. – 1.9 1.9 1.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.1

Part time ................................................................ – 6.9 3.1 6.7 – 0.1 –

Union ..................................................................... – 2.7 2.5 2.1 1.5 2 ( ) 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... – 2.5 2.0 2.3 0.8 2 () –

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.5 3.0 2.8 1.1 2 ( ) 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 4.3 4.6 3.6 – 2 ( ) 0.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 2.7 2.8 2.3 0.9 2 ( ) 0.1

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 2.4 2.3 2.3 1.0 2 ( ) 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 2.7 2.1 2.4 2.1 0.1 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 3.8 3.9 3.6 2.5 2 ( ) 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 1.9 1.9 1.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.1

Education and health services ........................... – 2.3 2.4 2.3 1.1 2 ( ) 0.3

Educational services ...................................... – 2.1 2.7 2.5 1.3 2 ( ) 2 ( )

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.8 3.2 3.0 1.9 0.1 0.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.4 4.5 4.2 1.3 2 ( ) 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. – 6.6 5.1 – 2.0 0.1 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 6.2 4.8 – – 0.1 0.0

Public administration ......................................... – 4.3 3.7 3.6 1.8 2 ( ) 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 5.4 4.6 5.0 2.1 0.1 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 10.3 – – 2.0 0.1 0.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 6.1 6.5 – – 0.1 0.1

100 workers or more .............................................. – 1.8 1.8 1.7 0.9 2 ( ) 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 3.9 3.5 3.5 1.9 0.1 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.0 2 ( ) 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 19. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Fixed multiple of annual earnings benefit formulas, state

and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Multiple of annual earnings amounts1

Mean

multiple of

annual

earnings

Median

multiple of

annual

earnings

Less than

1.0 times

earnings

1.0 times

earnings

Over 1.0

and under

2.0 times

earnings

2.0 times

earnings

Greater

than 2.0

times

earnings

State government .................................................. – 2.7 3.3 2.4 1.4 2 ( ) 0.0

Local government .................................................. – 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.1 2 () –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 3.3 3.4 2.2 2.9 0.1 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 6.9 7.8 – – 0.1 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 3.3 3.3 2.0 3.5 0.1 0.0

South ..................................................................... – 3.1 2.6 2.9 1.2 2 ( ) 2 ( )

South Atlantic .................................................... – 3.4 2.6 3.1 – 2 ( ) 2 ( )

East South Central ............................................ – 10.9 – 11.7 – 0.1 –

West South Central ........................................... – 6.7 – 6.7 – 0.1 –

Midwest ................................................................. – 3.1 4.4 3.5 1.4 2 ( ) 0.2

East North Central ............................................. – 2.2 1.5 4.7 2.1 2 ( ) 0.1

West North Central ............................................ – 7.7 10.6 – – 2 () –

West ...................................................................... – 4.7 2.6 3.8 – 0.1 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – 6.8 – 5.0 – 0.1 0.2

Pacific ................................................................ – 7.1 1.9 – – 0.1 0.0

1 Includes participants in plans in which insurance equaled a multiple of earnings plus or minus a specified amount. 2 Less than 0.05. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 58 $50,000 $50,000 $150,000 $300,000 $500,000 42

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 56 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 44

Professional and related .................................... 54 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 46

Teachers ........................................................ 47 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 53

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 44 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 – 56

Service ................................................................... 56 50,000 50,000 150,000 250,000 500,000 44

Protective service .............................................. 58 50,000 – 150,000 250,000 500,000 42

Sales and office ..................................................... 63 40,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 37

Office and administrative support ...................... 63 40,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 37

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 70 50,000 100,000 – 300,000 500,000 30

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 67 50,000 50,000 – 350,000 600,000 33

Full time ................................................................. 59 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 41

Part time ................................................................ 32 50,000 50,000 – – 500,000 68

Union ..................................................................... 57 40,000 50,000 150,000 250,000 500,000 43

Nonunion ............................................................... 59 50,000 – 150,000 350,000 500,000 41

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 59 – 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 41

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 58 50,000 50,000 100,000 – 500,000 42

Second 25 percent ............................................ 62 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 38

Third 25 percent ................................................ 60 50,000 50,000 150,000 250,000 500,000 40

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 52 50,000 50,000 200,000 300,000 500,000 48

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 53 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 47

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 58 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 42

Education and health services ........................... 55 50,000 50,000 – 300,000 500,000 45

Educational services ...................................... 52 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 – 48

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 46 50,000 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 54

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 62 50,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 400,000 38

Health care and social assistance ................. 64 50,000 50,000 – 500,000 500,000 36

Hospitals .................................................... 68 50,000 – 250,000 500,000 500,000 32

Public administration ......................................... 61 40,000 – 150,000 250,000 500,000 39

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 44 40,000 – – – 500,000 56

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 57 – – 150,000 – – 43

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 37 40,000 – – – 500,000 63

100 workers or more .............................................. 61 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 39

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 55 40,000 50,000 – 200,000 300,000 45

500 workers or more .......................................... 63 50,000 50,000 200,000 300,000 500,000 37

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with fixed multiple of earnings formula life insurance coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 60 $40,000 $50,000 $100,000 $200,000 $400,000 40

Local government .................................................. 57 50,000 50,000 180,000 300,000 500,000 43

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 34 40,000 40,000 40,000 – – 66

New England ..................................................... 32 50,000 – – – 500,000 68

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 34 40,000 40,000 40,000 – – 66

South ..................................................................... 61 50,000 – – 300,000 500,000 39

South Atlantic .................................................... 56 50,000 100,000 200,000 350,000 500,000 44

West South Central ........................................... 61 50,000 50,000 – – – 39

Midwest ................................................................. 54 50,000 50,000 200,000 250,000 500,000 46

East North Central ............................................. 58 50,000 50,000 180,000 200,000 – 42

West North Central ............................................ 46 – – 200,000 – 500,000 54

West ...................................................................... 84 50,000 50,000 150,000 300,000 500,000 16

Mountain ............................................................ 83 50,000 100,000 175,000 300,000 500,000 17

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local government

workers, March 2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.8 $0.00 $0.00 $547.45 $57,706.15 $0.00 1.8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.3 0.00 0.00 36,462.34 52,414.22 0.00 2.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 43,928.75 56,980.26 0.00 2.5

Teachers ........................................................ 3.3 0.00 0.00 25,334.91 31,606.96 96,560.86 3.3

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 4.3 0.00 0.00 – 41,812.08 – 4.3

Service ................................................................... 3.4 6,052.27 11,174.75 0.00 65,159.42 0.00 3.4

Protective service .............................................. 4.9 6,321.39 – 0.00 38,710.46 83,624.16 4.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.8 6,052.27 0.00 – 49,974.99 0.00 3.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.7 5,770.62 0.00 – 44,698.99 0.00 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 5.0 0.00 15,803.48 – 40,804.41 109,108.89 5.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 5.6 11,966.20 0.00 – 102,823.88 140,464.41 5.6

Full time ................................................................. 1.9 0.00 0.00 4,562.07 59,831.01 0.00 1.9

Part time ................................................................ 5.2 0.00 0.00 – – 139,274.01 5.2

Union ..................................................................... 3.1 0.00 0.00 37,420.11 25,806.98 48,280.43 3.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 0.00 – 18,809.90 66,961.52 0.00 2.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.8 – 0.00 – 39,771.22 0.00 2.8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.3 0.00 14,426.54 16,423.46 – 0.00 4.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 3.0 11,396.05 0.00 0.00 63,213.92 0.00 3.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.7 0.00 0.00 7,742.09 27,372.43 0.00 2.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3.1 0.00 12,070.11 51,322.80 24,140.22 95,258.86 3.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 4.6 0.00 0.00 – 63,869.01 70,083.88 4.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.8 0.00 0.00 547.45 44,698.99 0.00 1.8

Education and health services ........................... 2.4 0.00 0.00 – 65,795.14 0.00 2.4

Educational services ...................................... 2.5 0.00 0.00 15,484.19 18,248.29 – 2.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.5 0.00 0.00 – 38,710.46 82,582.32 3.5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5.0 0.00 0.00 17,762.81 18,248.29 48,280.43 5.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.0 11,396.05 12,903.49 – 35,337.66 0.00 6.0

Hospitals .................................................... 8.1 0.00 – 43,757.86 0.00 0.00 8.1

Public administration ......................................... 4.4 9,995.00 – 24,220.78 49,974.99 0.00 4.4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 5.7 7,523.96 – – – 40,804.41 5.7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8.6 – – 34,139.42 – – 8.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7.1 10,160.22 – – – 55,500.00 7.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 0.00 0.00 17,668.83 43,757.86 0.00 1.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.4 1,824.83 0.00 – 0.00 38,440.70 4.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.4 0.00 0.00 29,211.51 61,869.50 0.00 2.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 20. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 3.6 $0.00 $0.00 $29,011.33 $15,803.48 $101,191.65 3.6

Local government .................................................. 2.4 0.00 12,838.81 43,822.49 17,455.51 0.00 2.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.6 0.00 0.00 4,080.44 – – 3.6

New England ..................................................... 5.7 12,510.40 – – – 0.00 5.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 4.1 0.00 0.00 0.00 – – 4.1

South ..................................................................... 2.6 0.00 – – 46,299.97 75,239.62 2.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.2 0.00 25,806.98 22,349.50 58,954.96 103,227.90 2.2

West South Central ........................................... 8.4 0.00 0.00 – – – 8.4

Midwest ................................................................. 4.3 0.00 0.00 34,527.38 4,562.07 31,606.96 4.3

East North Central ............................................. 5.0 0.00 0.00 46,506.29 56,980.26 – 5.0

West North Central ............................................ 8.0 – – 0.00 – 0.00 8.0

West ...................................................................... 2.9 0.00 0.00 44,698.99 20,402.21 38,710.46 2.9

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 12,070.11 27,189.34 43,757.86 58,764.02 134,096.98 3.5

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth

of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 state and local

government workers, March 2020

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $5,000 $10,000 $25,000 $50,000 $50,000

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Professional and related .................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Teachers ........................................................ 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Service ................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Protective service .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Sales and office ..................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 38,505 50,000

Office and administrative support ...................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 38,505 50,000

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 20,000 30,000 50,000

Full time ................................................................. 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Part time ................................................................ – – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Union ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Nonunion ............................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

Second 25 percent ............................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 40,000 50,000

Third 25 percent ................................................ 5,000 10,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Education and health services ........................... 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Educational services ...................................... 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 6,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 5,000 – 25,000 40,000 50,000

Health care and social assistance ................. 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Hospitals .................................................... 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Public administration ......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 15,000 28,000 50,000 50,000

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 5,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 10,000 – 30,000 50,000 50,000

100 workers or more .............................................. 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 25,000 50,000 50,000

500 workers or more .......................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 40,000 50,000

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1 state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(Includes workers participating in life insurance plans with flat-dollar amount formulas)

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $5,000 $5,000 $20,000 $30,000 $50,000

Local government .................................................. 6,000 – 25,000 50,000 50,000

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5,000 6,000 – 50,000 50,000

New England ..................................................... 5,000 5,000 – 40,000 50,000

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5,000 6,000 20,000 50,000 50,000

South ..................................................................... 5,000 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000

South Atlantic .................................................... 10,000 – 25,000 25,000 –

East South Central ............................................ 10,000 15,000 20,000 – 50,000

West South Central ........................................... 5,000 – – 25,000 40,000

Midwest ................................................................. 10,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 50,000

East North Central ............................................. – – 30,000 50,000 50,000

West North Central ............................................ 10,000 20,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

West ...................................................................... 5,000 15,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

Mountain ............................................................ 15,000 25,000 48,000 50,000 57,000

Pacific ................................................................ 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 50,000

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the

employee’s earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. $0.00 $0.00 $2,606.38 $3,091.46 $0.00

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Professional and related .................................... 0.00 912.41 0.00 0.00 0.00

Teachers ........................................................ 0.00 – 1,778.62 0.00 0.00

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 1,677.45 2,379.29 0.00 0.00

Service ................................................................... 0.00 0.00 982.70 5,280.84 0.00

Protective service .............................................. 0.00 0.00 3,704.00 9,952.57 11,285.94

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,480.38 0.00

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 7,148.20 0.00

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 2,580.70 5,983.10 12,410.18 0.00

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 1,290.35 3,649.66 3,649.66

Full time ................................................................. 0.00 0.00 2,908.30 3,181.70 0.00

Part time ................................................................ – – 5,550.00 6,876.48 0.00

Union ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 2,264.55 10,565.11 0.00

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.00 0.00 0.00 3,495.87 0.00

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,994.22 0.00

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 0.00 4,031.18 1,674.43 0.00

Third 25 percent ................................................ 182.48 0.00 4,228.72 11,066.17 0.00

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.00 632.14 6,541.44 0.00 0.00

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 482.80 – 912.41 0.00 0.00

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.00 0.00 2,896.83 2,656.52 0.00

Education and health services ........................... 258.07 2,838.77 0.00 0.00 0.00

Educational services ...................................... 1,124.90 – 0.00 516.14 0.00

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 465.24 1,311.15 0.00 0.00 0.00

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.00 – 0.00 8,062.36 0.00

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.00 – 4,181.21 5,585.22 0.00

Hospitals .................................................... 0.00 – 7,412.49 8,008.55 9,894.54

Public administration ......................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 10,597.24 0.00

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2,737.24 4,698.71 0.00 0.00

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 0.00 – 5,624.50 0.00 0.00

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 0.00 – 6,147.80 0.00 6,704.85

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.00 0.00 4,208.99 1,580.35 0.00

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 2,606.38 4,741.04 0.00

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.00 0.00 1,601.28 3,422.81 0.00

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 21. Standard errors for life insurance plans: Flat-dollar amount benefit formulas,1

state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Flat dollar amount2

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. $0.00 $0.00 $2,234.95 $4,409.94 $0.00

Local government .................................................. 1,146.89 – 774.21 0.00 0.00

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 0.00 0.00

New England ..................................................... 0.00 0.00 – 10,641.26 0.00

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 0.00 0.00 2,580.70 0.00 0.00

South ..................................................................... 0.00 0.00 3,533.77 0.00 11,100.00

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.00 – 4,375.79 0.00 –

East South Central ............................................ 0.00 0.00 0.00 – 0.00

West South Central ........................................... 0.00 – – 6,827.88 0.00

Midwest ................................................................. 729.93 0.00 1,580.35 0.00 0.00

East North Central ............................................. – – 182.48 0.00 0.00

West North Central ............................................ 0.00 4,997.50 4,913.50 0.00 0.00

West ...................................................................... 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Mountain ............................................................ 0.00 0.00 10,147.10 0.00 5,991.44

Pacific ................................................................ 0.00 0.00 912.41 0.00 0.00

1 Includes participants in plans providing a fixed benefit amount. Dollar amounts can be a flat amount or can vary by the employee’s

earnings or length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile

or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as or less than the

amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount shown. The remaining

percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers

with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for

March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and

related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 12 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 10 90

Professional and related .................................... 10 90

Teachers ........................................................ 11 89

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 9 91

Service ................................................................... 18 82

Protective service .............................................. 17 83

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 15 85

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 6 94

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 12 88

Full time ................................................................. 11 89

Part time ................................................................ 22 78

Union ..................................................................... 16 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 9 91

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 12 88

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 13 87

Second 25 percent ............................................ 11 89

Third 25 percent ................................................ 13 87

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 13 87

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 13 87

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 12 88

Education and health services ........................... 12 88

Educational services ...................................... 11 89

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 11 89

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 88

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4 96

100 workers or more .............................................. 14 86

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 19 81

500 workers or more .......................................... 12 88

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Short-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 12 88

Local government .................................................. 12 88

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 32 68

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 34 66

South ..................................................................... 5 95

South Atlantic .................................................... 5 95

Midwest ................................................................. 6 94

East North Central ............................................. 7 93

West ...................................................................... 6 94

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.8 1.8

Service ................................................................... 3.2 3.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.9 3.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.4 2.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.7 2.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.6 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.4 3.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.3 1.3

Part time ................................................................ 3.5 3.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.0 2.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.3

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 1.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 2.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.7 1.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 1.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.9 1.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 2.6

Public administration ......................................... 1.7 1.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 2.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.9 2.9

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.5 1.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 22. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.1

Local government .................................................. 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.6 2.6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 2.5

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.7 1.7

Midwest ................................................................. 1.6 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 1.8 1.8

West ...................................................................... 2.6 2.6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, state and local

government workers, March 2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. – – 89 8 2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 86 10 3

Professional and related .................................... – – 86 10 3

Teachers ........................................................ – – 83 12 5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 84 10 5

Service ................................................................... – – 95 4 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 96 3 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 93 6 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 92 6 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 89 8 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 78 – –

Full time ................................................................. – – 89 9 2

Part time ................................................................ – – 88 8 –

Union ..................................................................... – – 88 8 3

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 90 9 –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 92 6 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 95 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 90 9 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 88 8 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 85 10 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 83 14 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 89 8 2

Education and health services ........................... – – 87 10 3

Educational services ...................................... – – 86 10 3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 88 8 3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 81 17 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 89 8 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 89 7 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 94 6 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 87 8 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 89 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 85 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 89 9 1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 91 7 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 88 9 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

State government .................................................. – – 87 10 –

Local government .................................................. – – 89 8 1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 95 – –

New England ..................................................... – – 68 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 97 – –

South ..................................................................... – – 87 12 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 83 15 –

East South Central ............................................ – – 97 – –

West South Central ........................................... – – 97 – –

Midwest ................................................................. – – 79 19 –

East North Central ............................................. – – 77 20 –

West ...................................................................... – – 94 2 4

Mountain ............................................................ – – 95 5 –

Pacific ................................................................ – – 93 – 6

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not

meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit

Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

All workers ............................................................. – – 1.3 1.1 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – – 1.8 1.7 0.9

Professional and related .................................... – – 2.0 1.8 1.1

Teachers ........................................................ – – 3.1 2.3 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – – 3.8 2.9 1.8

Service ................................................................... – – 1.5 1.3 –

Protective service .............................................. – – 1.9 1.6 –

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 1.6 1.4 –

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 1.6 1.4 –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – 3.9 2.9 –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 5.5 – –

Full time ................................................................. – – 1.3 1.1 0.5

Part time ................................................................ – – 3.3 2.2 –

Union ..................................................................... – – 1.7 1.4 0.9

Nonunion ............................................................... – – 1.4 1.3 –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – – 1.7 1.3 –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – – 2.1 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 2.1 2.0 –

Third 25 percent ................................................ – – 2.1 1.6 –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – – 1.9 1.6 1.4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 2.2 2.3 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – – 1.2 1.1 0.6

Education and health services ........................... – – 2.0 1.8 1.0

Educational services ...................................... – – 2.4 2.2 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – – 2.5 2.1 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – 3.1 3.5 –

Health care and social assistance ................. – – 2.4 1.6 –

Hospitals .................................................... – – 1.8 2.6 –

Public administration ......................................... – – 1.5 1.6 –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – – 3.4 2.3 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 4.4 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 5.1 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. – – 1.6 1.5 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 2.3 2.1 –

500 workers or more .......................................... – – 2.1 2.0 –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 23. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment,

state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics Flat dollar

amounts

Dollar

amount

varies

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Other

State government .................................................. – – 2.0 1.2 –

Local government .................................................. – – 1.7 1.5 0.5

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – 1.4 – –

New England ..................................................... – – 8.0 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – 1.5 – –

South ..................................................................... – – 3.0 2.9 –

South Atlantic .................................................... – – 4.1 3.9 –

East South Central ............................................ – – 2.1 – –

West South Central ........................................... – – 2.1 – –

Midwest ................................................................. – – 2.9 2.2 –

East North Central ............................................. – – 3.2 2.4 –

West ...................................................................... – – 1.6 0.5 1.6

Mountain ............................................................ – – 0.9 0.9 –

Pacific ................................................................ – – 2.3 – 2.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, state and local government workers, March

2020

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 87 13

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 88 12

Professional and related .................................... 88 12

Teachers ........................................................ 91 9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 89 11

Service ................................................................... 90 10

Protective service .............................................. 94 6

Sales and office ..................................................... 84 16

Office and administrative support ...................... 83 17

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 90 10

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 69 31

Full time ................................................................. 87 13

Part time ................................................................ 80 20

Union ..................................................................... 85 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 88 12

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 83 17

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 87 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 88 12

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 91 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 87 13

Education and health services ........................... 86 14

Educational services ...................................... 88 12

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 84 16

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 98 2

Public administration ......................................... 88 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 86 14

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 90 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 87 13

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 87 13

500 workers or more .......................................... 87 13

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Short-term disability plans: Duration of

benefits, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

State government .................................................. 95 5

Local government .................................................. 84 16

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 93 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 93 7

Midwest ................................................................. 56 44

East North Central ............................................. 53 47

West ...................................................................... 92 8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions

of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, state and local government workers,

March 2020

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.2

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 1.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 1.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.7 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 2.5

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 1.2 1.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.4 2.4

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.5 2.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.6 2.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.4 6.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 4.2 4.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.2 2.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.1 2.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.2

Education and health services ........................... 1.9 1.9

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.3

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.0 2.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 0.5

Public administration ......................................... 1.6 1.6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.7 3.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.1 3.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.4 1.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.6 2.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.9 1.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 24. Standard errors for short-term disability plans:

Duration of benefits, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

Characteristics Fixed

duration

Duration

varies

State government .................................................. 1.7 1.7

Local government .................................................. 1.3 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.0 1.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.0 1.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.9 2.9

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 2.7

West ...................................................................... 2.8 2.8

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average

wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated

using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, state and local government workers, March

2020

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. – 35 – 26 23 10 60.0 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 36 – 22 24 10 60.3 60.0

Professional and related .................................... – 36 – 23 25 10 60.7 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 38 – 14 31 13 62.2 60.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 36 – 17 34 11 62.2 60.0

Service ................................................................... – 33 – 33 21 10 59.6 60.0

Protective service .............................................. – 33 – 33 22 10 59.8 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 37 9 23 25 – 58.7 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 37 9 22 25 – 58.8 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 26 – 37 18 – 62.8 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 40 – 37 – – 58.7 60.0

Full time ................................................................. – 34 – 27 24 10 60.3 60.0

Part time ................................................................ – 57 8 13 – 7 56.3 50.0

Union ..................................................................... – 27 10 20 35 8 61.2 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 42 – 31 13 11 58.9 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 46 – 31 15 8 57.7 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 43 – 32 – – 58.1 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 33 – 29 23 8 60.0 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 38 – 24 23 10 60.2 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 27 12 20 29 – 61.4 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 22 16 16 35 – 62.5 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 36 – 25 23 9 59.9 60.0

Education and health services ........................... – 35 – 21 22 11 60.5 60.0

Educational services ...................................... – 40 – 14 25 12 60.9 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 42 4 15 29 10 60.6 60.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 34 21 – 16 17 61.4 55.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – 47 – 6 58.7 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – – – 43 – 7 58.2 60.0

Public administration ......................................... – 38 – 28 24 8 58.9 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 50 – 30 12 – 56.9 58.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 49 – 29 – – 57.3 58.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 51 – 32 – – 56.3 50.0

100 workers or more .............................................. – 32 – 25 25 10 60.6 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 42 – 27 25 4 58.2 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 28 – 24 26 13 61.6 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

State government .................................................. – 33 14 28 15 – 59.8 60.0

Local government .................................................. – 36 3 25 26 9 60.0 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 25 – 10 54 6 61.9 67.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 26 – 8 56 – 61.4 67.0

South ..................................................................... – 48 – 30 10 13 59.7 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 62 – – 8 11 57.4 50.0

West South Central ........................................... – – – 56 – – 63.8 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 48 – 20 14 18 59.7 60.0

East North Central ............................................. – 52 – 18 13 17 59.4 50.0

West ...................................................................... – 22 19 41 15 4 58.5 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 68 – – 61.0 60.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 29 28 28 11 4 57.3 58.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, state and local

government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

All workers ............................................................. – 1.8 – 2.0 1.6 1.3 0.5 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ – 2.3 – 2.0 2.0 1.6 0.7 0.0

Professional and related .................................... – 3.0 – 2.2 2.3 1.8 0.8 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ – 3.9 – 1.5 3.8 2.7 1.3 0.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ – 4.9 – 2.0 4.4 2.8 1.3 0.0

Service ................................................................... – 2.8 – 3.8 2.6 2.2 0.5 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – 3.3 – 5.2 4.0 2.7 0.6 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 3.2 2.7 3.5 3.4 – 0.6 0.4

Office and administrative support ...................... – 3.3 2.8 3.2 3.3 – 0.6 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – 4.2 – 6.6 4.8 – 1.7 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 8.6 – 7.0 – – 1.6 1.3

Full time ................................................................. – 1.9 – 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.5 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 6.5 2.1 3.2 – 1.9 1.3 0.0

Union ..................................................................... – 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.4 1.8 0.6 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 3.1 – 2.7 1.9 1.9 0.8 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 3.5 – 3.0 3.1 2.3 0.7 2.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 7.2 – 6.4 – – 1.3 4.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ – 3.6 – 3.5 2.5 1.6 0.8 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ – 3.9 – 3.1 2.8 2.1 0.9 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ – 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.9 – 0.7 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 3.2 2.9 3.4 4.0 – 1.1 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. – 1.8 – 2.0 1.6 1.3 0.5 0.0

Education and health services ........................... – 2.4 – 2.3 2.0 1.8 0.8 0.0

Educational services ...................................... – 2.3 – 1.4 1.9 2.3 1.0 2.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... – 2.8 0.9 1.9 2.5 2.4 0.9 0.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – 3.7 2.1 – 2.7 4.0 2.0 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – 9.2 – 0.8 1.0 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – – – 10.6 – 0.9 1.1 2.0

Public administration ......................................... – 2.9 – 2.8 2.6 2.2 0.6 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 4.6 – 5.2 3.6 – 0.8 11.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 5.3 – 6.7 – – 1.1 10.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 6.2 – 7.3 – – 0.9 12.5

100 workers or more .............................................. – 2.3 – 2.5 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 4.7 – 4.3 5.8 1.7 0.9 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... – 2.9 – 2.6 1.7 1.9 0.9 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 25. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

50 percent 50 percent 51 to 59percent 60 percent 61 to 69percent

Greater

than 69

percent

State government .................................................. – 2.3 1.6 2.6 2.5 – 1.0 1.0

Local government .................................................. – 2.2 0.9 2.5 1.8 1.5 0.5 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 2.4 – 2.3 3.9 2.5 0.7 0.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 2.7 – 2.2 4.5 – 0.7 0.3

South ..................................................................... – 4.8 – 4.6 2.2 2.8 1.3 8.6

South Atlantic .................................................... – 6.5 – – 1.8 1.8 0.9 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – – – 6.2 – – 5.3 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. – 3.4 – 2.8 3.3 3.5 1.2 6.1

East North Central ............................................. – 3.1 – 2.9 3.4 3.7 1.3 8.2

West ...................................................................... – 2.7 2.9 3.9 2.9 1.4 0.4 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – 6.1 – – 0.3 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 3.4 4.0 4.3 2.6 1.4 0.5 4.4

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local government workers,

March 2020

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 75 $170 $200 $650 $808 $1,500 25

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 78 170 200 650 739 1,500 22

Professional and related .................................... 79 170 200 650 739 1,385 21

Teachers ........................................................ 83 185 225 692 692 1,000 17

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 85 200 225 692 692 1,000 15

Service ................................................................... 74 170 200 615 1,000 2,300 26

Protective service .............................................. 76 135 200 600 1,000 2,300 24

Sales and office ..................................................... 71 170 200 604 716 1,270 29

Office and administrative support ...................... 70 170 200 600 692 1,385 30

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 66 170 – 750 1,500 1,500 34

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 59 170 170 – 692 1,000 41

Full time ................................................................. 75 170 200 667 923 1,500 25

Part time ................................................................ 70 – 170 185 615 – 30

Union ..................................................................... 77 135 185 225 667 1,067 23

Nonunion ............................................................... 73 185 500 692 1,000 1,750 27

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 170 – 692 808 1,500 30

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 75 170 – 692 1,000 1,500 25

Second 25 percent ............................................ 73 170 200 615 1,000 1,500 27

Third 25 percent ................................................ 78 170 – 692 961 1,750 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 77 – 185 – 716 1,173 23

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 80 135 185 200 650 831 20

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 74 170 200 633 808 1,500 26

Education and health services ........................... 77 185 200 692 831 1,500 23

Educational services ...................................... 77 185 200 650 692 1,000 23

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 75 185 200 692 692 1,150 25

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 81 185 185 650 692 923 19

Health care and social assistance ................. 76 185 – 923 – 2,500 24

Hospitals .................................................... 74 185 – 961 2,000 2,500 26

Public administration ......................................... 71 135 200 576 731 1,500 29

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 72 135 – 600 692 1,500 28

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 65 135 135 500 – 1,500 35

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 80 135 – 692 692 1,270 20

100 workers or more .............................................. 75 170 200 650 923 1,500 25

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 73 170 – 692 1,000 1,000 27

500 workers or more .......................................... 76 185 200 576 808 1,750 24

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed percent of annual earnings short-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 81 $135 $185 $650 $692 – 19

Local government .................................................. 72 170 200 625 1,000 $1,500 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 93 170 170 200 615 716 7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 96 170 170 200 615 667 4

South ..................................................................... 79 500 600 692 692 – 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 83 500 692 692 692 2,000 17

Midwest ................................................................. 31 – – 1,000 1,500 1,500 69

East North Central ............................................. 27 – – 923 1,500 1,500 73

West ...................................................................... 80 135 185 594 1,385 2,310 20

Mountain ............................................................ 77 800 1,160 1,500 2,310 2,310 23

Pacific ................................................................ 81 135 135 185 716 1,000 19

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local

government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.7 $0.00 $0.00 $49.81 $123.34 $0.00 1.7

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 2.1 13.13 0.00 44.71 94.43 341.89 2.1

Professional and related .................................... 2.3 12.54 0.00 56.27 109.38 288.64 2.3

Teachers ........................................................ 2.7 16.87 0.00 39.62 0.00 0.00 2.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.8 0.00 27.75 0.00 66.94 61.21 2.8

Service ................................................................... 2.5 26.33 26.54 42.27 87.04 465.21 2.5

Protective service .............................................. 3.2 0.00 36.21 52.28 187.00 13.16 3.2

Sales and office ..................................................... 3.3 11.69 0.00 59.01 50.91 344.02 3.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 3.1 7.78 6.12 51.76 26.80 335.37 3.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 7.6 6.39 – 212.72 399.72 0.00 7.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 7.2 0.00 0.00 – 35.98 164.23 7.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.7 0.00 0.00 25.96 124.01 0.00 1.7

Part time ................................................................ 4.5 – 0.00 25.76 169.57 – 4.5

Union ..................................................................... 2.2 23.19 5.90 34.74 71.91 124.76 2.2

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.9 12.24 39.09 0.00 24.34 322.13 2.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.7 0.00 – 55.54 169.39 118.71 2.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.7 0.00 – 95.76 239.38 248.30 4.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.9 15.93 27.75 51.98 137.91 141.78 2.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.3 0.00 – 0.00 152.77 229.11 2.3

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.3 – 3.87 – 72.17 244.45 2.3

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.0 38.85 0.00 6.45 29.06 77.22 3.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.7 0.00 0.00 41.42 84.76 29.68 1.7

Education and health services ........................... 2.1 6.12 0.00 49.51 133.74 229.00 2.1

Educational services ...................................... 2.1 15.02 0.00 33.09 0.00 154.84 2.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.7 20.67 0.00 78.62 56.01 199.37 2.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 4.0 39.78 0.00 12.77 0.00 0.00 4.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 6.5 0.00 – 263.14 – 129.03 6.5

Hospitals .................................................... 7.7 18.25 – 57.99 309.41 0.00 7.7

Public administration ......................................... 3.1 0.00 0.00 26.27 122.19 41.97 3.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6.3 0.00 – 122.05 138.11 268.35 6.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8.9 11.40 25.55 147.12 – 403.23 8.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.4 6.39 – 59.45 157.63 286.25 4.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 2.2 2.74 0.00 45.95 131.86 93.48 2.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.3 0.00 – 14.83 112.89 0.00 3.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.9 16.61 0.00 47.30 130.23 245.08 2.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 26. Standard errors for short-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum weekly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 2.4 $0.00 $0.00 $29.72 $0.00 – 2.4

Local government .................................................. 2.2 0.00 0.00 58.34 12.33 $0.00 2.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.5 0.00 14.22 0.00 46.42 120.42 2.5

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 0.00 12.24 0.00 42.56 15.49 1.7

South ..................................................................... 4.0 30.54 74.98 0.00 45.81 – 4.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 4.5 15.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 249.87 4.5

Midwest ................................................................. 4.7 – – 74.35 308.42 344.06 4.7

East North Central ............................................. 4.5 – – 93.20 412.75 434.88 4.5

West ...................................................................... 2.5 0.00 24.14 91.79 260.44 490.27 2.5

Mountain ............................................................ 5.0 185.20 276.47 0.00 0.00 120.11 5.0

Pacific ................................................................ 2.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 167.97 90.14 2.8

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 17 83

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 19 81

Professional and related .................................... 20 80

Teachers ........................................................ 24 76

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 28 72

Service ................................................................... 12 88

Sales and office ..................................................... 14 86

Office and administrative support ...................... 14 86

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 13 87

Full time ................................................................. 17 83

Part time ................................................................ 19 81

Union ..................................................................... 16 84

Nonunion ............................................................... 17 83

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 17 83

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 21 79

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 88

Third 25 percent ................................................ 18 82

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 19 81

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 18 82

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 17 83

Education and health services ........................... 19 81

Educational services ...................................... 20 80

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 24 76

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 12 88

Health care and social assistance ................. 13 87

Public administration ......................................... 14 86

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 22 78

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 19 81

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 25 75

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 85

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 18 82

500 workers or more .......................................... 14 86

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Long-term disability plans: Employee contribution

requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 18 82

Local government .................................................. 16 84

Geographic areas

South ..................................................................... 14 86

South Atlantic .................................................... 18 82

Midwest ................................................................. 24 76

East North Central ............................................. 32 68

West North Central ............................................ 5 95

West ...................................................................... 14 86

Mountain ............................................................ 27 73

Pacific ................................................................ 4 96

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans,

key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.4

Teachers ........................................................ 2.0 2.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.7 2.7

Service ................................................................... 3.0 3.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.8 1.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.8 3.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 3.9 3.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.3 1.3

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.2

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.3 2.3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.8 1.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.8 1.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.1 3.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.8 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.0 2.0

Health care and social assistance ................. 2.9 2.9

Public administration ......................................... 2.1 2.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3.1 3.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 4.7 4.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.6 4.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 2.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 27. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Employee

contribution requirement, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Employee

contribution

required

Employee

contribution not

required

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.1

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.2

Geographic areas

South ..................................................................... 1.0 1.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.1 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.6 2.6

West North Central ............................................ 1.4 1.4

West ...................................................................... 1.9 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 3.5

Pacific ................................................................ 1.7 1.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, state and

local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 97 1 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 97 – 1 –

Professional and related .................................... 97 – 1 –

Teachers ........................................................ 96 – 2 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 95 – 3 –

Service ................................................................... 97 – – –

Protective service .............................................. 97 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 98 2 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 98 2 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 98 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 96 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 97 2 – –

Part time ................................................................ 98 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 97 – 2 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 98 2 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 98 1 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 100 – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 97 2 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 98 1 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 96 – 2 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 95 2 3 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 97 2 – –

Education and health services ........................... 97 1 – –

Educational services ...................................... 96 – 2 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 96 – 2 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 97 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 99 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 99 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 98 2 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 96 – 3 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 97 – – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 95 – 4 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 98 2 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 96 2 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 98 1 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Long-term disability plans: Method of benefit payment, state and

local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

State government .................................................. 97 3 – –

Local government .................................................. 97 – 1 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 92 – 8 –

New England ..................................................... 100 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 89 – – –

South ..................................................................... 100 – – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 100 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 99 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 99 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 96 4 – –

East North Central ............................................. 95 5 – –

West North Central ............................................ 97 – – –

West ...................................................................... 98 – – –

Mountain ............................................................ 100 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 96 – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category

or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.3 – –

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.6 – 0.4 –

Professional and related .................................... 0.7 – 0.4 –

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 – 0.7 –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 – 1.0 –

Service ................................................................... 1.5 – – –

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 – – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.7 0.5 – –

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 0.6 – –

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.1 – – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 1.9 – – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.3 – –

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 – – –

Union ..................................................................... 0.9 – 0.5 –

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 – –

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.6 0.6 – –

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2 () – – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.7 0.5 – –

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.4 0.3 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 – 0.7 –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 0.6 1.2 –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.5 0.3 – –

Education and health services ........................... 0.7 0.4 – –

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 – 0.5 –

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.2 – 0.7 –

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.7 – – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 0.9 – – –

Hospitals .................................................... 1.2 – – –

Public administration ......................................... 0.7 0.7 – –

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 – 1.2 –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.4 – – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.3 – 1.2 –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.3 – –

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 0.8 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.3 – –

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 28. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Method of benefit

payment, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Percent

varies by

annual

earnings

Flat dollar

amounts Other

State government .................................................. 0.5 0.5 – –

Local government .................................................. 0.6 – 0.4 –

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.4 – 2.4 –

New England ..................................................... 0.0 – – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.4 – – –

South ..................................................................... 0.2 – – –

South Atlantic .................................................... 0.2 – – –

East South Central ............................................ 0.6 – – –

West South Central ........................................... 0.7 – – –

Midwest ................................................................. 0.9 0.9 – –

East North Central ............................................. 1.1 1.1 – –

West North Central ............................................ 1.8 – – –

West ...................................................................... 1.3 – – –

Mountain ............................................................ 0.1 – – –

Pacific ................................................................ 2.2 – – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 2 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, state and local government

workers, March 2020

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 18 43 20 17 2 60.3 60.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 17 39 24 18 2 60.4 60.0

Professional and related .................................... 17 39 24 17 2 60.4 60.0

Teachers ........................................................ 17 32 28 19 4 60.8 62.0

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 18 26 29 24 4 61.0 65.0

Service ................................................................... 22 47 13 15 3 59.7 60.0

Protective service .............................................. 25 45 – 18 – 59.4 60.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 47 18 17 – 60.2 60.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 47 19 17 – 60.4 60.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 16 52 – 18 – 60.2 60.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 49 – 24 – 61.4 60.0

Full time ................................................................. 17 43 20 18 2 60.2 60.0

Part time ................................................................ 24 34 24 – – 60.7 60.0

Union ..................................................................... 23 43 11 20 4 59.7 60.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 14 42 28 16 1 60.8 60.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 45 23 14 2 60.4 60.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 42 25 16 – 60.4 60.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 17 47 19 15 1 60.0 60.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 18 39 23 18 2 60.3 60.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 18 41 17 21 3 60.3 60.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 46 19 19 – 60.4 60.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 18 43 20 17 2 60.3 60.0

Education and health services ........................... 17 40 25 15 3 60.4 60.0

Educational services ...................................... 16 37 27 17 3 60.9 60.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 16 30 28 22 4 61.4 63.0

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 14 53 26 – – 60.3 60.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 56 15 – – 58.1 60.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 59 11 – – 57.8 60.0

Public administration ......................................... 20 44 – 21 – 60.0 60.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 13 22 35 27 2 62.6 65.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 13 28 30 28 – 61.8 65.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 13 18 38 27 4 63.2 65.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 19 48 17 15 2 59.7 60.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 17 40 20 19 4 60.7 60.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 20 51 15 13 1 59.3 60.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with a fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability coverage = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

State government .................................................. 14 42 29 – – 60.7 60.0

Local government .................................................. 19 43 17 18 2 60.1 60.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 56 15 12 – 60.0 60.0

New England ..................................................... – 51 – – – 58.9 60.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 58 – 13 – 60.4 60.0

South ..................................................................... 8 48 38 – – 61.0 60.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 35 52 5 – 61.5 62.0

East South Central ............................................ – 70 – – – 60.2 60.0

West South Central ........................................... – 77 6 7 – 59.7 60.0

Midwest ................................................................. 35 33 8 18 6 58.1 60.0

East North Central ............................................. 44 23 8 20 5 57.2 60.0

West North Central ............................................ 15 58 8 – – 60.1 60.0

West ...................................................................... – 44 14 32 – 62.0 60.0

Mountain ............................................................ 5 39 – 47 – 63.3 66.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 48 18 22 – 61.0 60.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, state and local

government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

All workers ............................................................. 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.9 0.4 0.4 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.0 0.5 0.4 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.5 1.0 0.6 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.3 2.7 3.2 3.2 1.5 0.8 3.0

Service ................................................................... 3.1 3.4 2.4 2.5 0.8 0.4 0.0

Protective service .............................................. 5.1 4.7 – 4.2 – 0.7 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – 3.2 2.9 3.0 – 0.4 0.0

Office and administrative support ...................... – 3.3 2.9 3.0 – 0.4 0.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.3 5.5 – 4.9 – 0.6 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – 8.1 – 6.9 – 0.8 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.7 0.4 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 5.0 5.4 4.4 – – 1.0 0.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.9 2.3 1.4 2.3 0.5 0.4 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.0 3.0 1.9 1.7 0.3 0.4 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.9 3.1 1.4 2.0 0.5 0.3 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 4.6 2.0 3.3 – 0.6 0.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.4 2.9 2.7 1.9 0.6 0.5 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 2.3 1.8 3.0 0.8 0.4 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 4.1 2.4 4.5 – 0.5 0.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.7 0.4 0.3 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.9 0.5 0.4 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 1.9 1.7 2.2 0.6 0.3 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 2.5 2.2 3.0 1.1 0.5 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 1.8 1.7 – – 0.5 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – 8.1 2.4 – – 1.3 0.0

Hospitals .................................................... – 8.7 1.4 – – 1.4 0.0

Public administration ......................................... 2.8 4.0 – 3.5 – 0.5 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.8 2.4 3.7 4.4 0.4 0.5 0.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.7 4.4 5.6 5.4 – 0.7 1.2

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 3.8 5.1 5.0 0.7 0.6 0.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 3.0 2.6 2.3 3.4 1.6 0.9 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.1 2.7 2.0 2.0 0.3 0.4 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 29. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Fixed percent of annual earnings, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Fixed percent of annual earnings Mean fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Median

fixed

percent of

annual

earnings

Less than

60 percent 60 percent 61 to 66percent 67 percent

Greater

than 67

percent

State government .................................................. 2.3 2.6 1.4 – – 0.4 0.0

Local government .................................................. 1.7 2.2 1.6 2.0 0.6 0.4 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 5.8 4.2 2.9 – 0.8 0.0

New England ..................................................... – 14.5 – – – 2.5 0.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – 5.9 – 2.8 – 0.5 0.0

South ..................................................................... 2.9 3.8 2.8 – – 0.5 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... – 4.9 2.9 1.6 – 0.7 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 4.1 – – – 0.9 0.0

West South Central ........................................... – 4.4 2.1 2.0 – 0.6 0.0

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.8 1.0 0.5 0.0

East North Central ............................................. 2.3 1.9 2.1 3.0 1.2 0.7 0.0

West North Central ............................................ 3.8 5.4 1.8 – – 0.9 0.0

West ...................................................................... – 4.0 1.9 4.6 – 0.6 3.5

Mountain ............................................................ 2.5 7.0 – 5.9 – 0.6 3.0

Pacific ................................................................ – 4.6 2.6 6.4 – 0.8 0.0

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local government workers,

March 2020

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 73 $2,400 $3,900 $5,000 $7,500 $10,000 27

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 73 – 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Professional and related .................................... 74 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,200 10,000 26

Teachers ........................................................ 72 1,500 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 28

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 70 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,000 30

Service ................................................................... 72 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 28

Protective service .............................................. 73 3,102 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 27

Sales and office ..................................................... 74 3,000 3,900 5,000 8,000 10,000 26

Office and administrative support ...................... 73 3,000 3,900 5,000 9,000 10,000 27

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 73 3,000 5,000 5,000 8,500 12,000 27

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 67 3,900 5,000 5,000 6,000 10,000 33

Full time ................................................................. 73 2,400 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Part time ................................................................ 59 – 5,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 41

Union ..................................................................... 70 3,000 5,000 5,000 7,500 10,000 30

Nonunion ............................................................... 75 800 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 25

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 69 – 3,900 5,000 6,666 10,000 31

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 67 800 3,900 5,000 6,500 10,000 33

Second 25 percent ............................................ 73 2,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 27

Third 25 percent ................................................ 73 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 75 3,000 5,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 25

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 76 3,000 5,000 5,000 8,000 10,000 24

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 73 2,400 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Education and health services ........................... 73 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

Educational services ...................................... 72 1,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 28

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 69 – 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,333 31

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 78 – 3,900 6,000 10,000 15,000 22

Health care and social assistance ................. 81 – 5,000 5,000 10,000 – 19

Hospitals .................................................... 79 – 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 21

Public administration ......................................... 67 3,102 4,000 5,000 6,500 10,000 33

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 72 800 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 28

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 67 2,500 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 33

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 75 800 3,900 5,000 6,000 8,250 25

100 workers or more .............................................. 73 2,500 3,900 5,000 7,500 10,000 27

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 72 3,900 4,000 5,000 6,500 10,000 28

500 workers or more .......................................... 73 – 3,900 5,000 8,000 10,000 27

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

(All workers participating in fixed percent of annual earnings long-term disability plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 74 – $3,900 $5,000 $7,500 $15,000 26

Local government .................................................. 72 $2,500 3,900 5,000 7,000 10,000 28

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 80 2,500 5,000 5,000 – 13,000 20

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 79 2,500 4,500 5,000 6,000 – 21

South ..................................................................... 88 800 3,900 5,000 6,000 10,000 12

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 800 – 3,900 5,000 10,000 10

Midwest ................................................................. 51 – 5,000 5,000 7,500 11,667 49

East North Central ............................................. 48 – 5,000 5,000 7,500 11,667 52

West North Central ............................................ 58 5,000 5,000 5,000 7,500 – 42

West ...................................................................... 77 3,102 5,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 23

Mountain ............................................................ 65 4,000 5,000 6,000 8,333 – 35

Pacific ................................................................ 86 3,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 14

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local

government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 1.5 $623.92 $0.00 $0.00 $443.25 $0.00 1.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 – 0.00 0.00 273.12 228.10 1.7

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 306.03 0.00 0.00 492.70 182.48 2.0

Teachers ........................................................ 2.5 381.69 0.00 0.00 336.38 1,056.01 2.5

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 3.7 – 508.67 0.00 316.07 393.81 3.7

Service ................................................................... 2.8 – 319.74 0.00 622.51 0.00 2.8

Protective service .............................................. 4.0 364.90 1,101.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 2.8 429.90 18.25 441.55 1,417.98 0.00 2.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 2.9 429.90 18.25 622.51 1,520.75 0.00 2.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.0 739.07 1,157.00 1,064.05 1,551.10 2,873.74 4.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 6.3 759.02 877.82 182.48 682.79 790.17 6.3

Full time ................................................................. 1.5 707.93 0.00 0.00 567.46 0.00 1.5

Part time ................................................................ 5.2 – 1,030.19 374.45 698.22 0.00 5.2

Union ..................................................................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 0.00 543.79 0.00 1.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 2.1 141.35 0.00 0.00 740.70 467.47 2.1

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 2.6 – 0.00 0.00 816.70 0.00 2.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 4.6 0.00 677.16 0.00 1,045.67 0.00 4.6

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.4 533.59 51.61 0.00 858.22 0.00 2.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.4 120.70 0.00 0.00 606.60 0.00 2.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 113.98 0.00 0.00 552.31 2,064.05 1.9

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 3.6 67.11 1,282.84 0.00 456.21 1,665.00 3.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.5 704.39 0.00 0.00 452.54 0.00 1.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 371.86 0.00 0.00 388.04 709.58 1.8

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 241.40 0.00 0.00 651.59 0.00 2.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 3.3 – 274.33 0.00 274.47 645.22 3.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.6 – 1,067.33 1,175.56 992.81 2,728.21 3.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.9 – 0.00 1,490.90 1,436.87 – 4.9

Hospitals .................................................... 5.8 – 0.00 1,787.96 632.14 3,327.50 5.8

Public administration ......................................... 2.7 149.69 548.36 0.00 1,001.00 0.00 2.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 4.1 0.00 126.43 0.00 635.42 863.18 4.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 6.8 482.80 302.61 0.00 1,874.34 364.97 6.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 4.6 0.00 1,019.46 0.00 299.69 1,271.66 4.6

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.8 724.21 140.17 0.00 253.51 0.00 1.8

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4.1 475.33 290.26 0.00 646.79 507.11 4.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.8 – 72.99 0.00 701.46 2,681.94 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 30. Standard errors for long-term disability plans: Maximum benefit amount, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

With

maximum

benefit

amount

Maximum monthly benefit amount1

With no

maximum

benefit

amount

10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. 2.8 – $0.00 $0.00 $1,681.02 $3,473.29 2.8

Local government .................................................. 1.9 $253.51 166.25 0.00 734.22 0.00 1.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5.0 182.48 0.00 286.97 – 2,656.99 5.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 6.1 456.21 916.56 0.00 1,719.12 – 6.1

South ..................................................................... 1.8 0.00 0.00 1,261.45 182.48 0.00 1.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 0.00 – 0.00 1,182.62 1,515.82 1.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 – 0.00 0.00 591.16 1,712.20 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.7 – 0.00 0.00 427.96 2,056.18 1.7

West North Central ............................................ 4.3 1,210.45 0.00 999.50 1,413.51 – 4.3

West ...................................................................... 3.7 115.87 328.98 999.50 942.02 1,860.97 3.7

Mountain ............................................................ 7.1 446.99 0.00 816.09 1,142.84 – 7.1

Pacific ................................................................ 3.0 45.59 726.15 1,161.31 790.17 0.00 3.0

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th percentile or median, half of the

participating workers receive the same as or more than the benefit shown, and half receive the same as or less than the benefit shown. At the 25th percentile,

one-fourth of the participating workers receive the same or less than the benefit shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 68 91 60 60 82 87 69 26 94

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 56 93 46 63 83 88 69 27 94

Professional and related .................................... 51 93 40 65 83 88 67 27 94

Teachers ........................................................ 31 93 14 70 82 87 64 28 94

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 26 99 11 82 85 91 63 29 95

Service ................................................................... 79 85 75 53 78 83 67 23 93

Protective service .............................................. 90 91 90 52 84 89 77 27 97

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 92 86 55 83 88 74 24 95

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 93 87 54 84 89 74 24 95

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 96 96 61 87 88 68 27 95

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 74 90 62 58 82 86 70 22 93

Full time ................................................................. 73 99 67 66 87 92 74 28 97

Part time ................................................................ 33 46 23 24 50 55 39 13 78

Union ..................................................................... 69 98 58 70 91 93 71 28 95

Nonunion ............................................................... 66 86 63 51 75 82 68 23 93

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 65 79 58 46 70 77 60 21 89

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 54 67 45 41 62 69 49 18 88

Second 25 percent ............................................ 89 96 86 57 85 90 74 27 96

Third 25 percent ................................................ 70 97 62 70 87 92 76 25 96

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 51 96 40 66 87 91 69 29 95

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 49 94 38 54 87 88 71 28 94

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 67 91 60 59 82 87 69 25 94

Education and health services ........................... 55 93 44 63 82 87 67 27 93

Educational services ...................................... 49 93 36 66 81 87 66 27 93

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 38 93 25 74 81 87 62 28 92

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 80 91 69 42 83 88 79 24 97

Health care and social assistance ................. 92 92 93 50 84 91 75 25 93

Hospitals .................................................... 92 92 92 51 84 90 72 23 91

Public administration ......................................... 91 92 91 54 85 89 77 24 96

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 62 90 55 61 79 85 65 23 91

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 67 86 62 55 80 83 61 27 93

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 56 93 47 68 79 87 69 20 90

100 workers or more .............................................. 70 92 62 59 83 88 71 26 95

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 68 90 60 63 80 83 62 29 93

500 workers or more .......................................... 70 93 63 57 84 90 75 25 95

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Leave benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave1

Paid Unpaid

State government .................................................. 92 95 86 51 90 94 88 23 98

Local government .................................................. 60 90 52 62 80 85 63 26 93

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 64 90 56 73 93 92 74 24 94

New England ..................................................... 60 91 55 81 92 90 73 20 95

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 65 90 57 70 93 93 75 25 94

South ..................................................................... 68 92 61 57 80 89 76 27 94

South Atlantic .................................................... 76 91 65 60 80 87 73 22 94

East South Central ............................................ 72 90 61 45 73 85 76 23 92

West South Central ........................................... 56 95 56 58 85 95 79 37 97

Midwest ................................................................. 66 89 55 65 80 84 56 30 95

East North Central ............................................. 68 88 55 66 80 84 56 36 95

West North Central ............................................ 62 92 57 62 80 85 56 19 96

West ...................................................................... 72 94 67 49 78 82 67 20 92

Mountain ............................................................ 66 89 61 46 66 74 61 – 98

Pacific ................................................................ 74 96 70 50 84 85 70 23 89

1 The sum of paid and unpaid family leave may exceed 100 percent because some workers have access to both types of plans. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

All workers ............................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 2.1 0.9 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.9 1.3 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 0.4 2.2 0.9 1.5 1.9 2.2 1.7 0.8

Service ................................................................... 1.2 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.1 1.2 1.2 3.4 2.1 1.4 2.0 1.7 0.8

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.9 0.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.7 2.0 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 1.4 1.2 4.3 2.9 2.4 3.7 2.4 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.7 2.4 4.4 4.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5

Part time ................................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.1 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.7 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.7

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 0.7 1.2 2.1 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.6 0.6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 0.7 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.6 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.5 1.3 3.0 1.9 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.1

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.8 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 0.6 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.5 0.7 1.4 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.2 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 1.6 2.2 3.3 1.4 1.8 2.5 2.9 0.8

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.5 1.4 1.2 5.2 2.5 2.6 4.5 2.7 1.9

Hospitals .................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.2 7.7 2.0 3.0 6.1 3.8 2.8

Public administration ......................................... 0.7 0.8 0.9 2.3 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.1

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.8 2.0 2.6 3.5 2.6 2.4 3.4 2.9 2.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.7 1.1 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.6 3.1 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 0.5 1.0 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.1 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.2 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.8 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 31. Standard errors for leave benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics Paid

holidays

Paid sick

leave

Paid

vacations

Paid

personal

leave

Paid

funeral

leave

Paid jury

duty

leave

Paid

military

leave

Family leave

Paid Unpaid

State government .................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.9 0.5

Local government .................................................. 1.0 0.6 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.2 1.2 3.1 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.2

New England ..................................................... 2.1 0.8 2.7 2.8 2.2 2.7 3.0 3.9 2.7

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.8 1.5 3.8 2.1 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.3

South ..................................................................... 1.4 0.9 1.4 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.3 2.9 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 6.4 1.0 6.4 6.0 6.3 5.1 7.2 4.1 4.9

West South Central ........................................... 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.6 2.5 1.7 1.4

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9 0.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.7 2.2 1.8 0.9

West North Central ............................................ 3.2 0.4 0.8 3.7 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 1.1

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.9 1.3 2.6 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 1.2 2.3 2.6 6.2 6.2 4.0 5.9 – 1.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 0.6 1.5 2.6 1.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 3 2 4 3 3 7 14 21 19 10 5 8 11 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4 2 6 4 2 8 12 20 16 11 5 9 11 11

Professional and related .................................... 4 3 8 4 3 7 12 20 14 11 5 9 11 11

Teachers ........................................................ 9 5 16 7 3 6 11 14 8 6 5 9 10 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 13 7 24 8 – 4 8 – 4 4 – – 9 7

Service ................................................................... 3 1 4 2 4 7 17 20 20 10 5 7 11 11

Protective service .............................................. – – – 2 2 6 19 24 26 10 4 3 11 11

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 2 1 4 8 14 22 25 9 6 8 12 11

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 2 1 4 8 14 22 25 9 6 8 12 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 4 6 21 26 17 10 4 8 11 11

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 4 3 8 8 – 24 19 – – 3 10 11

Full time ................................................................. 2 1 4 3 3 8 14 21 19 10 5 8 11 11

Part time ................................................................ – 4 4 3 5 5 14 17 16 8 5 – 10 11

Union ..................................................................... 3 1 6 3 1 4 12 24 22 10 5 7 11 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 2 2 3 2 5 11 16 19 16 10 5 9 11 11

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 4 2 5 2 6 9 15 17 16 10 4 9 11 11

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 5 3 8 3 9 8 15 14 14 11 3 9 10 11

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2 ( ) 1 2 1 3 8 15 23 22 10 6 8 11 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 4 2 8 3 2 6 14 23 19 10 4 6 11 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 3 1 3 4 2 7 13 20 20 11 5 10 11 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 1 7 3 6 11 17 22 12 5 13 12 12

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3 2 5 3 3 8 14 21 19 10 5 8 11 11

Education and health services ........................... 4 3 8 4 4 7 13 14 14 12 6 12 11 11

Educational services ...................................... 5 4 8 4 3 6 12 12 12 11 7 15 11 11

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 8 6 14 6 3 4 11 12 9 8 5 16 10 10

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – 2 4 9 14 13 17 17 9 13 12 12

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – – – 9 17 19 19 14 – – 10 11

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – – – 19 21 – – – 10 11

Public administration ......................................... – – 2 ( ) – 1 8 15 29 26 9 4 5 11 11

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 3 – 3 3 – 5 15 28 14 10 4 9 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 4 2 – 5 18 28 19 10 3 9 11 11

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 7 – 2 – 3 5 11 28 10 10 6 9 11 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 1 5 2 4 8 14 19 20 10 5 8 11 11

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 – 4 – 3 9 13 23 18 9 7 7 11 11

500 workers or more .......................................... 2 1 5 3 4 8 15 17 22 11 5 8 11 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Paid holidays: Number of days provided, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid holidays = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

State government .................................................. – – – 1 3 10 12 26 23 11 5 8 11 11

Local government .................................................. 4 2 7 3 4 6 15 19 17 10 5 8 11 11

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – – – 2 1 6 26 35 9 5 11 12 12

New England ..................................................... – – – – – – – 36 24 – – – 11 11

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – – – – – 6 23 38 8 6 13 12 12

South ..................................................................... 3 2 7 2 4 10 12 18 18 9 5 10 11 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 3 – 10 – 3 11 14 20 23 8 3 4 11 11

East South Central ............................................ 8 6 3 – 8 – 15 9 – 20 3 7 10 11

West South Central ........................................... – – – – 5 11 6 21 – 5 11 22 12 11

Midwest ................................................................. – – 6 7 5 10 19 17 13 9 5 4 10 10

East North Central ............................................. 4 – 7 9 – 9 16 14 13 14 6 5 10 11

West North Central ............................................ 4 – – 4 – – 24 22 13 – 1 3 10 10

West ...................................................................... – – 3 2 2 6 20 26 14 13 5 7 11 11

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – 4 8 39 18 6 3 4 – 10 10

Pacific ................................................................ – – 2 2 – 6 12 29 17 17 5 8 12 11

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 2 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major

plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, state and local government workers, March

2020

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

All workers ............................................................. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.0

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.1 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.0

Professional and related .................................... 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.2 0.0

Teachers ........................................................ 1.5 1.8 2.6 1.8 1.2 2.0 1.6 3.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.3 0.3 0.2

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.1 2.7 3.9 2.1 – 2.0 2.4 – 1.7 1.3 – – 0.4 1.7

Service ................................................................... 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.0

Protective service .............................................. – – – 0.9 0.6 1.3 2.4 1.8 3.4 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.0

Sales and office ..................................................... – – 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 2.2 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.4

Office and administrative support ...................... – – 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 2.2 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance – – – – 1.2 1.4 3.0 3.8 3.2 2.1 1.3 1.6 0.1 0.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... – – 1.7 1.2 2.6 2.7 – 4.0 3.1 – – 0.8 0.3 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.0

Part time ................................................................ – 1.4 1.1 1.2 2.1 1.3 3.0 3.7 2.8 1.7 2.0 – 0.4 0.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.0

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.0

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.2 1.0 1.7 1.2 2.6 1.7 1.8 2.6 2.8 1.4 0.6 2.0 0.2 1.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.1 0.0

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.9 0.2 0.0

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.9 0.2 0.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – – 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.6 1.3 3.1 2.8 1.7 1.2 2.8 0.3 0.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.0

Education and health services ........................... 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.0 1.4 0.7 1.3 0.2 0.0

Educational services ...................................... 0.6 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.0 1.4 0.8 1.5 0.2 0.0

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.3 2.5 1.2 0.9 1.2 2.4 0.4 1.2

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities – – – 0.6 0.8 1.8 1.4 2.6 2.0 2.9 1.3 2.0 0.2 0.0

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – – – 2.9 4.5 3.4 2.9 3.5 – – 0.3 0.1

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – – – 4.8 3.9 – – – 0.4 0.5

Public administration ......................................... – – 0.2 – 0.5 1.2 1.1 1.4 2.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.0 – 1.1 1.4 – 1.7 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.1 1.3 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 1.6 1.1 – 2.2 3.8 3.3 2.6 2.1 1.1 2.0 0.2 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 – 1.0 – 1.4 2.2 2.8 4.8 2.3 3.1 1.7 2.4 0.4 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 – 1.4 – 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.2 1.3 1.6 1.7 0.2 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 32. Standard errors for paid holidays: Number of days provided, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid holidays

Mean

number

of days

Median

number

of days

Less

than 5

days

5

days

6

days

7

days

8

days

9

days

10

days

11

days

12

days

13

days

14

days

Greater

than 14

days

State government .................................................. – – – 0.3 0.7 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.7 1.1 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.2

Local government .................................................. 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.0

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – – – – 0.8 0.5 0.9 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.2 2.5 0.3 0.0

New England ..................................................... – – – – – – – 6.2 5.5 – – – 0.3 0.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... – – – – – – 0.6 1.8 2.1 1.4 1.5 3.0 0.3 0.0

South ..................................................................... 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.1 0.0

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.0 – 0.5 – 1.0 2.3 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.7 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.0

East South Central ............................................ 0.1 0.4 1.6 – 1.7 – 0.3 2.9 – 3.4 0.7 2.7 0.2 0.5

West South Central ........................................... – – – – 2.4 1.3 2.4 3.8 – 2.3 2.5 3.0 0.3 1.1

Midwest ................................................................. – – 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.3 2.2 2.8 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.5

East North Central ............................................. 0.9 – 2.5 2.4 – 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.1 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.5

West North Central ............................................ 0.4 – – 1.3 – – 4.6 6.7 1.1 – 0.6 1.3 0.2 0.0

West ...................................................................... – – 1.1 0.7 0.5 1.4 1.5 2.4 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.0

Mountain ............................................................ – – – – 1.4 1.2 3.2 4.1 1.7 1.5 1.0 – 0.7 0.0

Pacific ................................................................ – – 0.4 0.7 – 1.9 1.9 2.9 2.4 2.8 1.6 1.2 0.1 0.3

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, state and local government

workers, March 2020

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 89 1 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 90 1 9

Professional and related .................................... 90 1 9

Teachers ........................................................ 94 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 94 – –

Service ................................................................... 86 3 11

Protective service .............................................. 86 6 8

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 1 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 88 1 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 83 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 87 – –

Full time ................................................................. 89 1 10

Part time ................................................................ 89 – –

Union ..................................................................... 91 2 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 86 1 13

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 89 1 10

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 89 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 88 1 11

Third 25 percent ................................................ 87 2 11

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 1 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 90 1 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 89 1 10

Education and health services ........................... 90 1 9

Educational services ...................................... 94 5 () 5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 94 5 () 6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 95 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 66 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 56 – –

Public administration ......................................... 87 3 10

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 90 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 87 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 92 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 88 1 10

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 92 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 86 2 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Paid sick leave: Type of provision, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

State government .................................................. 88 1 11

Local government .................................................. 89 2 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 95 – –

New England ..................................................... 97 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 – –

South ..................................................................... 88 1 11

South Atlantic .................................................... 88 – –

East South Central ............................................ 92 – –

West South Central ........................................... 87 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 89 2 10

East North Central ............................................. 88 2 10

West North Central ............................................ 90 – –

West ...................................................................... 84 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 87 – 13

Pacific ................................................................ 83 – –

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 5 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this

category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, state

and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.9 0.2 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.0 0.2 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.3 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.4 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.1 0.6 1.0

Protective service .............................................. 1.5 1.1 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.6 1.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.1 0.6 1.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.4 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.9 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.7

Part time ................................................................ 1.2 – –

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.4 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.1 0.3 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 0.8 0.4 0.7

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.3 – –

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.4 1.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.2 0.5 1.1

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.3 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.6 0.4 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.2 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 0.2 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.2 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.1 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.5 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.5 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 0.6 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 – –

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 – –

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 – –

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 0.3 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 – –

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 0.4 1.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 33. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Type of provision, state

and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Sick leave provision

Fixed number

of days per

year1

As needed2

As part of

consolidated

leave plan3

State government .................................................. 1.1 0.4 1.1

Local government .................................................. 0.8 0.3 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.2 – –

New England ..................................................... 1.9 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.5 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.4 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 – –

East South Central ............................................ 1.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 2.0 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.8 0.6 1.6

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 0.9 1.6

West North Central ............................................ 3.1 – –

West ...................................................................... 1.7 – –

Mountain ............................................................ 3.8 – 3.8

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 – –

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by

length of service. 2 Plan does not specify maximum number of days. 3 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes,

such as vacation, illness, or personal business. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories

were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 state and local government

workers, March 2020

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 9 15 62 13 1 11 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 15 63 14 1 11 12

Part time ................................................................ 21 26 49 4 – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 8 11 65 15 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... – 20 58 11 – 10 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 14 15 60 – – 10 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 15 61 15 – 11 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 15 59 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 15 62 14 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 13 65 15 – 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 16 61 14 3 ( ) 11 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 9 15 60 15 1 11 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 14 61 16 1 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 20 26 49 4 – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 8 10 64 17 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... – 20 56 13 – 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 14 14 59 – – 10 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 15 59 18 – 11 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 13 59 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 15 60 16 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 14 63 17 – 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 16 59 15 1 11 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 9 15 60 16 1 11 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 14 61 16 1 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 20 26 48 5 – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 8 10 63 18 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... – 20 56 13 – 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 14 59 14 – 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 16 57 19 – 11 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 12 60 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 15 60 16 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 14 62 18 – 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 16 59 16 1 11 12

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 9 15 59 16 1 12 12

Full time ................................................................. 8 14 60 17 1 12 12

Part time ................................................................ 20 26 48 5 – 9 10

Union ..................................................................... 7 10 63 18 1 12 12

Nonunion ............................................................... 10 20 56 14 3 ( ) 11 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 14 59 14 – 11 11

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 16 57 19 – 11 12

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 19 12 60 – – 10 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 8 15 60 17 1 12 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 5 14 62 18 1 13 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 9 16 59 16 1 11 12

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For

definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 state and

local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 1.1 1.3 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 1.1 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.8 2.3 3.4 1.4 – 0.3 0.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 1.9 2.1 1.1 – 0.1 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 2.4 3.1 – – 0.3 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 3.9 4.2 2.9 – 0.4 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 2.3 3.9 – – 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 1.2 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.4 2.0 1.6 – 0.8 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.1 0.1 0.2 0.0

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 2.4 3.6 1.4 – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 1.6 1.8 1.2 – 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 2.3 3.2 – – 0.3 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 3.7 4.6 3.6 – 0.4 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 2.2 4.0 – – 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.5 2.0 1.6 – 0.8 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 34. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 state and

local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid sick leave days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 29

days

Greater

than 29

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 2.4 3.5 1.5 – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... – 1.6 1.8 1.2 – 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.3 3.1 1.8 – 0.3 1.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 3.8 4.5 3.8 – 0.4 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 2.1 3.9 – – 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 1.4 1.9 1.6 – 0.8 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.0

Full time ................................................................. 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 2.4 3.5 1.5 – 0.3 3 ( )

Union ..................................................................... 0.8 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.3 0.5 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... – 2.3 3.1 1.7 – 0.3 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 3.8 4.5 3.8 – 0.5 3 ( )

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.2 2.1 3.9 – – 0.5 0.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 0.6 0.8 3 ( )

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.0

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period.

The total number of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do

not necessarily reflect individual provisions for progression. 2 Employees eligible for paid sick leave but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, state and local government

workers, March 2020

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 92 58 34 8

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 92 60 33 8

Professional and related .................................... 92 59 33 8

Teachers ........................................................ 90 57 33 10

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 90 56 35 10

Service ................................................................... 90 56 34 10

Protective service .............................................. 93 57 36 7

Sales and office ..................................................... 95 59 36 5

Office and administrative support ...................... 95 59 36 5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 52 43 5

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 93 53 40 7

Full time ................................................................. 93 59 34 7

Part time ................................................................ 91 54 37 9

Union ..................................................................... 93 59 35 7

Nonunion ............................................................... 92 58 33 8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 92 55 37 8

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 87 53 35 13

Second 25 percent ............................................ 94 63 31 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 60 33 7

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 92 56 35 8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 91 57 34 9

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 92 58 34 8

Education and health services ........................... 91 60 32 9

Educational services ...................................... 91 59 32 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 91 56 35 9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 93 70 22 7

Health care and social assistance ................. – 62 – –

Hospitals .................................................... – 57 – –

Public administration ......................................... 94 57 36 6

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 91 56 35 9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 94 60 34 6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 89 53 36 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 93 59 34 7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 96 55 41 4

500 workers or more .......................................... 92 61 30 8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers with fixed number of days per year sick leave plans = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

State government .................................................. 95 73 23 5

Local government .................................................. 92 54 38 8

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 94 42 52 6

New England ..................................................... 94 33 61 6

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 94 44 49 6

South ..................................................................... 91 65 26 9

South Atlantic .................................................... 93 70 22 7

East South Central ............................................ 90 60 29 10

West South Central ........................................... 88 59 30 12

Midwest ................................................................. 90 49 42 10

East North Central ............................................. 91 53 37 9

West North Central ............................................ 90 40 50 10

West ...................................................................... 96 73 24 4

Mountain ............................................................ 96 63 33 4

Pacific ................................................................ 97 77 20 3

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or

data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, state and

local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 1.2 1.1 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.7 1.4 1.4 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 0.8 1.7 1.6 0.8

Teachers ........................................................ 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.3 2.6 2.5 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.5 2.1 2.0 1.5

Protective service .............................................. 1.3 3.1 2.7 1.3

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.6 2.1 1.9 0.6

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.7 2.2 1.9 0.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.3 3.2 3.4 1.3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.3 4.3 4.2 2.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 3.8 3.3 2.2

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.6 1.5 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 1.7 1.4 1.0

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 2.0 2.0 1.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 3.2 2.7 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 1.8 1.6 0.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.9 1.5 1.6 0.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 2.0 1.7 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.5 3.1 2.3 1.5

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 1.2 1.2 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.8 1.6 1.5 0.8

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 1.7 1.7 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.1 2.4 2.2 1.1

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 3.2 3.1 1.6

Health care and social assistance ................. – 4.0 – –

Hospitals .................................................... – 4.8 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 2.1 1.7 1.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.5 2.6 2.6 1.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.7 4.0 3.7 1.7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.4 3.5 3.6 2.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 1.2 1.2 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.1 2.3 2.5 1.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 35. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Carryover provisions, state and

local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Carryover provision1

No

carryover

Total provision Unlimited

accumulation

Limit on days

accumulated

State government .................................................. 0.9 2.1 1.9 0.9

Local government .................................................. 0.9 1.6 1.4 0.9

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.1 2.8 2.5 1.1

New England ..................................................... 2.2 3.4 4.0 2.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.2 3.4 2.9 1.2

South ..................................................................... 1.2 1.8 1.8 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.3 3.1 2.5 1.3

East South Central ............................................ 1.9 4.3 2.6 1.9

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.3 3.5 2.8

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 2.7 2.4 1.7

East North Central ............................................. 2.2 2.7 1.5 2.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.8 5.7 6.2 2.8

West ...................................................................... 1.0 2.9 2.8 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 1.3 8.4 8.4 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.3

1 Plans that allow employees to accumulate unused sick leave from year to year. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may

include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates

generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, state and local government

workers, March 2020

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated

carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated2

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 25 80 125 180 250 136

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 28 90 150 185 259 144

Professional and related .................................... 25 90 150 184 240 143

Teachers ........................................................ 25 90 160 191 260 151

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 30 100 160 191 260 155

Service ................................................................... 20 – 120 180 250 123

Protective service .............................................. 25 45 120 150 250 118

Sales and office ..................................................... 30 75 120 200 260 137

Office and administrative support ...................... 30 75 120 200 259 137

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 15 – 90 132 200 104

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 – 130 200 250 131

Full time ................................................................. 30 90 125 180 250 137

Part time ................................................................ 7 13 119 200 240 126

Union ..................................................................... 25 100 160 200 300 157

Nonunion ............................................................... 20 60 110 150 200 114

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 60 120 180 240 120

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 60 100 150 195 110

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 120 180 255 133

Third 25 percent ................................................ 25 90 120 180 250 134

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 30 100 160 200 260 156

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 130 160 200 220 161

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 25 80 125 180 250 137

Education and health services ........................... 26 90 150 190 260 147

Educational services ...................................... – 90 150 191 255 146

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 27 90 150 190 260 147

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 15 100 150 200 220 143

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – – – 156

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – 127

Public administration ......................................... 25 60 120 165 240 121

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 34 90 120 180 240 132

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 45 90 120 180 200 130

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 30 – 120 180 260 133

100 workers or more .............................................. 24 75 130 185 250 138

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 60 120 189 265 135

500 workers or more .......................................... 25 90 132 180 240 140

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

(Includes workers in sick leave plans1 that specify a fixed number of days and limit the number of accumulated

carryover days)

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated2

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. – 100 150 200 300 158

Local government .................................................. 24 72 120 180 240 132

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 120 175 200 300 170

New England ..................................................... – 110 130 187 215 147

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 27 160 195 215 300 180

South ..................................................................... – 60 120 150 180 110

South Atlantic .................................................... – 90 120 180 180 119

East South Central ............................................ – 75 – 160 180 126

West South Central ........................................... 20 – 90 120 180 92

Midwest ................................................................. – – 120 189 260 139

East North Central ............................................. – – 141 240 340 162

West North Central ............................................ – 60 115 150 185 109

West ...................................................................... – 45 120 180 248 115

Mountain ............................................................ 45 – 120 150 240 126

Pacific ................................................................ 8 – – 180 248 107

1 Employees earn or accrue a specified number of sick leave days per year. This number may vary by length of service. 2 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, state and

local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated1

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

All workers ............................................................. 2.6 14.4 7.3 3.0 7.7 2.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 4.0 0.0 6.8 7.3 19.7 3.2

Professional and related .................................... 4.7 1.7 8.6 6.3 15.7 3.3

Teachers ........................................................ 7.4 10.6 7.5 8.6 13.5 4.4

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 7.6 12.6 0.0 11.9 5.4 4.7

Service ................................................................... 5.0 – 1.3 8.9 7.4 4.7

Protective service .............................................. 4.7 10.7 6.6 16.7 42.9 7.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 0.8 21.4 0.0 18.0 22.9 7.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 0.0 22.0 0.0 17.7 18.2 7.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.0 – 12.0 11.8 12.6 5.7

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 0.0 – 14.9 28.5 42.8 13.4

Full time ................................................................. 3.5 9.3 7.6 2.0 8.1 2.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 3.6 21.7 19.2 21.0 11.9

Union ..................................................................... 4.3 10.8 0.0 0.0 32.9 4.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 5.1 0.0 15.0 19.8 8.7 2.3

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. – 5.2 13.6 0.0 13.2 5.1

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... – 9.3 14.0 26.6 13.4 6.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ – – 0.0 1.8 10.6 4.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 6.8 8.7 6.0 0.0 11.2 4.8

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 4.1 12.0 0.0 0.0 8.4 5.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ – 10.1 0.0 13.0 26.8 6.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 3.0 14.4 7.5 2.6 7.9 2.5

Education and health services ........................... 4.1 2.2 2.9 8.4 5.4 3.5

Educational services ...................................... – 1.3 4.2 9.3 12.5 3.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 4.9 1.3 10.0 6.7 13.1 4.3

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 0.5 16.8 23.8 18.6 51.0 7.1

Health care and social assistance ................. – – – – – 12.2

Hospitals .................................................... – – – – – 16.6

Public administration ......................................... 3.7 7.8 0.0 20.7 29.7 3.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 7.2 22.1 0.9 3.5 46.1 7.6

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 13.1 19.7 4.5 23.5 39.9 8.6

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 6.4 – 7.9 14.8 30.6 11.0

100 workers or more .............................................. 5.5 16.1 2.2 9.5 10.1 3.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – 8.3 8.0 13.1 36.8 7.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 2.6 2.9 10.8 15.1 9.0 4.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 36. Standard errors for paid sick leave: Limit on days accumulated, state and

local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Limit on paid sick leave days accumulated1

Mean

number

of days 10th

percentile

25th

percentile

50th

percentile

(median)

75th

percentile

90th

percentile

State government .................................................. – 20.8 11.2 8.8 0.0 6.1

Local government .................................................. 5.5 13.9 8.0 0.0 0.9 3.1

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... – 0.9 11.0 0.0 0.0 3.2

New England ..................................................... – 15.0 10.2 13.1 27.6 4.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.6 10.1 21.8 11.2 0.0 5.4

South ..................................................................... – 12.4 29.5 13.4 0.0 4.6

South Atlantic .................................................... – 0.0 11.5 9.5 4.1 6.7

East South Central ............................................ – 19.1 – 23.4 0.0 10.0

West South Central ........................................... 4.7 – 2.7 0.0 0.0 6.2

Midwest ................................................................. – – 2.4 11.5 5.5 5.3

East North Central ............................................. – – 15.0 19.9 31.9 9.6

West North Central ............................................ – 14.7 4.4 9.3 8.5 4.7

West ...................................................................... – 8.8 17.5 33.7 28.1 7.8

Mountain ............................................................ 0.0 – 10.4 44.6 30.0 13.8

Pacific ................................................................ 0.7 – – 18.5 52.9 6.2

1 The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles designate position within each published series. For example, at the 50th

percentile or median, half of participating workers receive the same as or more than the amount shown, and half receive the same as

or less than the amount shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of participating workers receive the same or less than the amount

shown. The remaining percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include

workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using

wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions,

and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 state and local government workers,

March 2020

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 4 11 56 18 10 2 13 12

Full time ................................................................. 3 10 56 18 10 2 13 12

Part time ................................................................ 9 24 45 16 – – 11 10

Union ..................................................................... 5 12 56 18 7 1 12 11

Nonunion ............................................................... 3 10 55 18 12 2 13 12

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 6 18 57 16 – – 11 10

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 8 18 53 17 – – 11 10

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 18 62 13 3 – 11 11

100 workers or more .............................................. 3 9 55 19 11 2 13 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 4 10 65 12 8 1 12 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 9 51 22 13 2 14 12

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 2 5 28 46 13 6 16 15

Full time ................................................................. 1 5 27 47 14 6 16 15

Part time ................................................................ 4 13 34 36 10 3 14 15

Union ..................................................................... 2 6 26 49 13 5 15 15

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 4 29 44 14 7 16 15

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 6 35 46 8 2 15 15

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 7 31 47 9 – 15 15

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 4 41 46 7 – 14 15

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 5 26 46 15 7 16 15

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1 5 33 50 6 5 15 15

500 workers or more .......................................... 1 5 22 45 19 8 17 15

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 3 11 48 25 11 19 18

Full time ................................................................. 1 3 11 49 26 12 19 18

Part time ................................................................ 3 8 19 44 18 8 16 17

Union ..................................................................... 1 3 12 48 24 12 18 18

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 3 11 49 26 11 19 18

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 1 13 57 21 6 17 17

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3 2 9 58 21 7 18 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 17 56 20 5 17 17

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 3 11 46 26 13 19 19

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 11 54 23 7 18 18

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 ( ) 3 11 42 28 15 19 19

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 1 2 6 13 47 31 22 22

Full time ................................................................. 1 2 6 13 47 32 22 23

Part time ................................................................ – – 12 21 41 18 20 20

Union ..................................................................... – – 5 12 46 35 22 23

Nonunion ............................................................... 1 2 7 14 48 28 22 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2 1 7 15 48 27 21 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 4 16 50 26 22 22

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 10 13 47 28 21 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 1 2 6 13 47 32 22 23

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 6 14 47 29 22 22

500 workers or more .......................................... 3 ( ) 2 6 12 46 33 23 23

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.5.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 state and local

government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 1 year

All workers ............................................................. 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 2.9 4.6 4.1 2.7 – – 0.3 0.6

Union ..................................................................... 0.7 1.1 2.1 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.2 1.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.6 1.0 1.5 1.6 0.9 0.5 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.9 2.9 2.4 – – 0.2 0.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.2 2.4 3.2 3.2 – – 0.4 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 3.3 5.3 3.9 1.4 – 0.3 1.1

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.9 2.0 3.0 2.1 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.6 0.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.3

After 5 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

Full time ................................................................. 0.3 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.1 3 ( )

Part time ................................................................ 1.5 2.3 3.9 4.3 2.0 1.2 0.4 1.1

Union ..................................................................... 0.4 0.6 1.6 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.2 0.0

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.6 1.9 1.9 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.0

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 1.1 3.1 3.2 1.7 1.1 0.2 0.0

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – 1.6 3.9 3.8 2.1 – 0.3 0.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – 1.3 3.9 4.5 2.1 – 0.3 3 ( )

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.4 0.5 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 0.6 1.1 3.0 3.3 1.2 1.3 0.3 0.0

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 37. Standard errors for paid vacations: Number of annual days by service requirement,1 state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Paid vacation days by length of service2

Mean

number of

days

Median

number of

days Less than 5

days 5 to 9 days 10 to 14days

15 to 19

days

20 to 24

days

Greater

than 24

days

After 10 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.1

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.1 0.3

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 2.1 3.8 3.8 3.4 1.5 0.4 0.7

Union ..................................................................... 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.4 1.6 2.5 1.8 1.4 0.3 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 1.2 0.6 2.1 2.9 2.6 1.7 0.4 0.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 3.0 4.1 2.6 2.2 0.3 0.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.3 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.9 2.9 2.4 1.6 0.3 0.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.4

After 20 years

All workers ............................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.3

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ – – 2.7 5.0 3.7 2.9 0.4 0.1

Union ..................................................................... – – 0.7 1.3 1.9 1.8 0.2 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.1 1.9 1.5 0.2 3 ( )

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 0.7 0.4 1.3 2.1 2.9 2.2 0.3 0.5

1 to 49 workers .................................................. – – 1.0 3.1 4.3 3.0 0.3 0.5

50 to 99 workers ................................................ – – 2.9 2.4 4.1 3.3 0.4 0.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.2 0.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ – – 1.0 1.8 3.0 2.5 0.3 0.4

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.6 0.2 0.3

1 Employees either are granted a specific number of days after completion of the indicated length of service or accrue days during the next 12-month period. The total number

of days is assumed to be available for use immediately upon completion of the service interval. Periods of service are chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual

provisions for progression. Fractional vacation amounts were rounded to the nearest full number of days. 2 Employees eligible for paid vacations but who have not fulfilled the minimum service requirement are included as receiving 0 days. Estimates include plans that are

exclusively for paid vacation and vacation plans that are part of a consolidated leave plan that provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 14 18 21 24 27 86 12 15 18 21

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 15 18 21 24 26 85 13 16 18 22

Professional and related .................................... 17 18 21 23 25 83 13 16 18 22

Service ................................................................... 14 17 21 24 27 86 11 14 17 21

Protective service .............................................. 10 17 20 23 28 90 11 14 17 21

Sales and office ..................................................... 11 18 22 25 28 89 12 15 18 22

Office and administrative support ...................... 11 18 22 25 29 89 12 15 18 22

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 17 18 22 26 30 83 11 14 17 21

Full time ................................................................. 14 18 22 25 28 86 12 15 18 22

Part time ................................................................ 22 12 15 17 19 78 11 13 16 20

Union ..................................................................... 9 19 23 26 30 91 11 15 18 22

Nonunion ............................................................... 18 17 21 23 26 82 12 15 18 21

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 16 16 20 23 26 84 11 14 17 20

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 18 15 19 22 24 82 12 14 17 20

Second 25 percent ............................................ 12 18 22 25 29 88 12 15 18 22

Third 25 percent ................................................ 15 18 21 24 27 85 12 15 18 22

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 14 19 22 25 28 86 13 16 18 22

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 11 20 24 26 29 89 14 16 19 21

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 18 21 24 27 86 12 15 18 21

Education and health services ........................... 17 19 22 24 26 83 13 15 18 21

Educational services ...................................... 7 15 17 17 18 93 13 15 18 20

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 9 13 14 14 14 91 11 13 16 19

Health care and social assistance ................. 40 20 24 27 29 60 13 16 19 23

Hospitals .................................................... 54 20 24 27 30 46 13 17 19 23

Public administration ......................................... 10 18 22 25 30 90 11 14 17 22

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 15 19 21 25 90 11 14 17 21

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 7 14 19 22 25 93 11 14 17 21

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 13 15 18 21 24 87 11 14 17 21

100 workers or more .............................................. 15 18 22 25 27 85 12 15 18 22

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 11 18 21 24 27 89 11 14 17 21

500 workers or more .......................................... 17 18 22 25 28 83 13 16 18 22

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Consolidated leave plans:1 Access, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers with paid vacations = 100 percent)

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

State government .................................................. 7 20 24 27 30 93 14 16 19 23

Local government .................................................. 18 17 21 24 26 82 11 14 17 21

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 5 17 19 23 25 95 12 16 19 23

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 5 19 20 24 26 95 12 16 19 23

South ..................................................................... 15 18 21 24 27 85 12 15 17 21

South Atlantic .................................................... 15 18 22 24 28 85 12 15 17 21

East South Central ............................................ 13 20 22 26 28 87 12 15 17 21

West South Central ........................................... 17 17 20 22 25 83 11 14 17 21

Midwest ................................................................. 16 17 20 23 25 84 12 14 18 22

East North Central ............................................. 16 17 20 24 27 84 12 15 18 22

West ...................................................................... 17 19 23 26 29 83 12 15 18 21

Mountain ............................................................ 24 16 18 21 24 76 13 15 18 21

Pacific ................................................................ 15 21 26 29 33 85 12 15 17 21

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the

"Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, state and local government workers,

March 2020

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

All workers ............................................................. 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Service ................................................................... 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

Protective service .............................................. 1.9 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.2 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.7 3.0 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Part time ................................................................ 3.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 3.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Union ..................................................................... 1.7 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Educational services ...................................... 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.3 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 3.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7

Hospitals .................................................... 4.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 4.1 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.3 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.5 1.8 2.7 3.1 3.4 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.4 1.4 1.4 1.9 2.0 3.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.2 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.4 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 38. Standard errors for consolidated leave plans:1 Access, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

With consolidated leave plan With no consolidated leave plan

Access

Paid days by length of

service

(Mean number of days) Access

Paid vacation days by

length of service

(Mean number of days)

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

1

year

5

years

10

years

20

years

State government .................................................. 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2

Local government .................................................. 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 2.2 2.2 3.0 3.1 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 1.8 2.3 3.5 3.5 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

South ..................................................................... 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

East South Central ............................................ 1.4 0.5 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

West South Central ........................................... 3.8 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 3.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8

Midwest ................................................................. 2.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.4 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.9 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.5 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

West ...................................................................... 2.7 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 5.8 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.6 5.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6

Pacific ................................................................ 2.9 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.8 2.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

1 A consolidated leave plan provides a single amount of time off for workers to use for multiple purposes, such as vacation, illness, or personal

business. Those with no consolidated leave plan often have separate leave plans for different purposes. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 14 5 8 12 63 78

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 15 5 8 11 63 79

Professional and related .................................... 15 5 7 10 62 78

Teachers ........................................................ 12 3 6 6 59 73

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 10 2 2 4 56 72

Service ................................................................... 12 3 6 9 60 75

Protective service .............................................. 13 3 7 12 61 80

Sales and office ..................................................... 16 5 12 13 64 82

Office and administrative support ...................... 16 5 12 13 64 82

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 12 7 8 16 63 76

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 10 – 7 20 64 76

Full time ................................................................. 16 5 8 13 66 82

Part time ................................................................ 5 2 8 6 41 55

Union ..................................................................... 15 4 7 16 58 82

Nonunion ............................................................... 14 5 9 8 67 75

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 12 4 7 6 59 69

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 9 4 6 2 55 61

Second 25 percent ............................................ 17 5 9 16 66 83

Third 25 percent ................................................ 16 4 7 13 69 83

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 13 6 9 13 58 80

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 12 6 10 13 55 80

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 14 4 8 11 63 78

Education and health services ........................... 14 4 6 7 63 77

Educational services ...................................... 12 4 6 6 60 75

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 8 2 2 3 54 70

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 22 8 17 16 78 91

Health care and social assistance ................. 26 7 9 13 80 91

Hospitals .................................................... 27 6 5 – 79 95

Public administration ......................................... 17 6 12 17 64 81

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 10 4 7 10 56 64

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 11 4 9 15 53 60

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 9 4 6 6 59 68

100 workers or more .............................................. 16 5 8 12 65 82

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 13 5 8 10 55 69

500 workers or more .......................................... 17 5 9 13 69 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Quality of life benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

State government .................................................. 31 8 14 22 85 93

Local government .................................................. 9 3 6 8 55 73

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 20 2 6 8 45 80

New England ..................................................... 19 – 11 12 52 79

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 20 – 5 7 42 80

South ..................................................................... 14 6 7 5 73 79

South Atlantic .................................................... 16 7 7 5 73 86

East South Central ............................................ 7 – 10 9 71 69

West South Central ........................................... – 6 4 2 75 74

Midwest ................................................................. 14 5 10 13 61 70

East North Central ............................................. 14 5 8 13 61 69

West North Central ............................................ 13 5 14 12 60 70

West ...................................................................... 12 5 10 24 62 84

Mountain ............................................................ 13 4 8 17 68 82

Pacific ................................................................ 12 5 11 27 59 85

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care center, or a baby

sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, state and local government

workers, March 2020

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.9

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.4 1.1

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 1.9 1.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 2.5 2.4

Service ................................................................... 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.0 2.2 1.9

Protective service .............................................. 1.8 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.7 2.7

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.0 2.0 1.3

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.2 0.8 1.2 1.0 2.1 1.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.8 2.4 1.9 2.4 3.7 3.1

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.8 – 2.8 4.1 4.0 3.9

Full time ................................................................. 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.2 0.9

Part time ................................................................ 0.8 0.7 1.4 1.1 2.9 2.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.6 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.4 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.8 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.5 0.9 1.1 0.8 2.5 2.0

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.5 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.9 1.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.7 2.4 2.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.9

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.6 1.1

Educational services ...................................... 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.8 1.1

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 0.9 0.4 0.5 2.1 1.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.6 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.0 2.5 2.7 3.3 2.9 2.5

Hospitals .................................................... 2.9 2.1 2.5 – 3.3 2.1

Public administration ......................................... 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.9

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.9 2.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.8 3.5 2.5

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 1.4 1.0

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 2.8 2.6

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 0.8 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.3

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 39. Standard errors for quality of life benefits: Access, state and local government

workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics Childcare1 Flexible

workplace

Flexible

work

schedule

Subsidized

commuting

Wellness

programs

Employee

assistance

programs

State government .................................................. 2.4 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.1

Local government .................................................. 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.2

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.5 0.8 1.4 1.1 2.3 1.8

New England ..................................................... 2.9 – 2.5 3.5 2.3 3.3

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.6 – 1.5 0.8 3.1 2.0

South ..................................................................... 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.5 1.2

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 2.3 1.6 1.1 1.9 1.2

East South Central ............................................ 1.3 – 1.4 1.2 3.3 3.2

West South Central ........................................... – 1.7 1.2 1.1 2.8 2.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 3.2 2.0

East North Central ............................................. 3.5 1.9 1.5 1.7 4.3 2.7

West North Central ............................................ 2.1 1.3 2.6 2.8 4.1 2.5

West ...................................................................... 1.5 1.4 0.9 1.5 3.1 2.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.5 1.2 1.3 3.7 8.3 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.6 2.0 1.2 1.2 2.6 3.0

1 A workplace program that provides for either the full or partial cost of caring for an employee’s children in a nursery, day care center, or a baby

sitter in facilities either on or off the employer’s premises. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with

earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related

terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repayment

Flexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 37 36 63 70 63 26 4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 39 37 65 72 65 27 5

Professional and related .................................... 38 37 64 71 65 27 5

Teachers ........................................................ 39 38 59 68 62 24 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 39 40 58 68 61 22 6

Service ................................................................... 32 34 60 64 58 23 2

Protective service .............................................. 30 35 63 68 64 27 2

Sales and office ..................................................... 37 36 64 71 64 27 5

Office and administrative support ...................... 38 37 64 71 65 28 5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 37 37 63 68 58 24 3

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 31 40 59 63 63 25 3

Full time ................................................................. 39 39 68 75 68 28 5

Part time ................................................................ 20 19 33 34 35 13 4

Union ..................................................................... 32 28 63 71 66 28 6

Nonunion ............................................................... 41 44 64 69 61 25 4

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 33 37 56 60 53 22 4

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 30 37 51 55 47 17 3

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 35 67 73 66 30 3

Third 25 percent ................................................ 39 43 69 75 69 29 6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 36 31 62 71 66 26 6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 36 28 53 68 66 23 6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 37 37 63 70 63 26 5

Education and health services ........................... 39 38 64 71 64 26 5

Educational services ...................................... 39 38 61 69 63 24 5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 35 39 55 64 58 21 5

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 48 37 79 83 75 34 8

Health care and social assistance ................. 37 36 79 85 70 34 –

Hospitals .................................................... 34 36 82 85 73 33 –

Public administration ......................................... 35 35 65 70 65 30 4

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 33 30 52 56 50 22 4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 31 25 43 49 46 21 4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 34 35 61 64 54 22 5

100 workers or more .............................................. 38 38 67 73 67 28 4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 36 34 60 64 60 25 3

500 workers or more .......................................... 38 41 70 78 71 29 5

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Financial benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repayment

Flexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

State government .................................................. 48 40 85 88 83 43 5

Local government .................................................. 33 35 57 64 57 21 4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 15 9 48 59 71 25 3

New England ..................................................... 19 – 53 56 60 20 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 13 11 47 59 75 26 3

South ..................................................................... 42 53 71 77 66 27 6

South Atlantic .................................................... 43 48 75 80 69 25 6

East South Central ............................................ 43 58 63 69 64 33 7

West South Central ........................................... 39 58 70 76 63 25 5

Midwest ................................................................. 41 31 59 67 61 27 4

East North Central ............................................. 39 29 56 64 62 27 4

West North Central ............................................ 45 34 63 71 60 27 4

West ...................................................................... 42 37 67 70 54 26 3

Mountain ............................................................ 40 43 69 70 58 31 1

Pacific ................................................................ 43 34 67 69 52 24 4

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement

plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March

2020

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repaymentFlexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

All workers ............................................................. 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 0.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.2 0.7

Service ................................................................... 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.4 0.4

Protective service .............................................. 2.1 3.1 2.4 2.8 3.0 2.4 0.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.9 1.7 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.8 0.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.9 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 2.7 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.3 0.7

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.8 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.8 0.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.5

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 0.5

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.1 0.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.1 0.5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.5 0.5

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.5 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.7

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.5 1.0

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.4

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.4 1.0 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.3 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.4 4.1 1.1

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.4 4.1 3.3 1.9 4.6 3.5 –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.2 5.3 3.7 2.1 4.1 5.7 –

Public administration ......................................... 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.8 0.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.6 1.7 0.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 2.6 1.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.1 4.0 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.9 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 0.4

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.0 0.8

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7 0.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 40. Standard errors for financial benefits: Access, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

Health

savings

account

Section 125 cafeteria benefits

Savings

plans with

no employer

contribution3

Financial

planning

Student

loan

repaymentFlexible

benefits

Dependent

care flexible

spending

account1

Healthcare

flexible

spending

account2

State government .................................................. 1.8 2.0 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.5 0.8

Local government .................................................. 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.9 0.4

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 0.8

New England ..................................................... 5.0 – 4.7 6.4 3.6 3.8 –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.5 2.1 2.3 0.8

South ..................................................................... 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.1 2.0 1.6 0.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.0 2.1 1.4 1.0 1.6 2.5 0.7

East South Central ............................................ 2.7 4.2 6.0 4.0 6.4 3.8 2.3

West South Central ........................................... 3.2 2.4 2.7 2.3 4.4 1.8 1.6

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.6 2.3 1.7 0.8

East North Central ............................................. 2.7 2.9 1.6 1.8 2.9 1.5 1.1

West North Central ............................................ 4.3 3.0 6.0 3.2 3.8 3.9 1.2

West ...................................................................... 1.9 2.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.1 0.2

Mountain ............................................................ 3.8 4.9 2.7 4.2 2.0 5.1 0.3

Pacific ................................................................ 2.1 3.1 1.8 1.6 2.2 2.0 0.3

1 Formerly referred to as Dependent care reimbursement account. 2 Formerly referred to as Healthcare reimbursement account. 3 Savings plans established by the employer on behalf of the employee, but with no employer contribution. These are cash or deferred arrangement

plans or individual retirement accounts used to fund savings and retirement plans authorized by section 401(k), 403(b), or 457 of the Internal Revenue Code.

The employees’ contributions can be pre- and post-tax. Employees may authorize a payroll deduction by the employer to fund the established plan. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings

both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms,

see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, state and local

government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 29 68 63

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 32 71 65

Professional and related .................................... 31 70 64

Teachers ........................................................ 29 70 63

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 26 71 62

Service ................................................................... 24 62 57

Protective service .............................................. 28 70 67

Sales and office ..................................................... 29 71 68

Office and administrative support ...................... 29 71 68

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 25 65 59

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 23 61 58

Full time ................................................................. 32 74 69

Part time ................................................................ 14 33 28

Union ..................................................................... 28 73 69

Nonunion ............................................................... 30 64 59

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 21 56 50

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 17 47 41

Second 25 percent ............................................ 33 71 66

Third 25 percent ................................................ 33 74 70

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 31 73 68

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 30 72 67

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 29 68 63

Education and health services ........................... 31 69 62

Educational services ...................................... 30 69 62

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 23 66 58

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 50 80 76

Health care and social assistance ................. 34 68 61

Hospitals .................................................... 36 67 61

Public administration ......................................... 28 72 70

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 23 61 55

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 24 59 52

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 23 63 58

100 workers or more .............................................. 31 70 66

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 22 62 58

500 workers or more .......................................... 35 75 69

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Health-related benefits: Access, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

State government .................................................. 51 89 87

Local government .................................................. 22 62 56

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 21 75 74

New England ..................................................... 13 71 73

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 24 77 74

South ..................................................................... 34 74 69

South Atlantic .................................................... 37 74 70

East South Central ............................................ 35 68 58

West South Central ........................................... 29 78 72

Midwest ................................................................. 23 62 55

East North Central ............................................. 23 60 53

West North Central ............................................ 24 67 58

West ...................................................................... 34 59 53

Mountain ............................................................ 29 47 42

Pacific ................................................................ 36 64 58

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access, state

and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 1.0 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.1 1.2 1.2

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 1.4 1.3

Teachers ........................................................ 1.8 2.0 1.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.9 2.2 2.0

Service ................................................................... 1.6 1.8 1.8

Protective service .............................................. 2.5 2.6 2.5

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.4 1.9 2.1

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 1.9 2.1

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 3.8 4.8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.3 4.3 4.5

Full time ................................................................. 1.0 1.1 1.1

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.9 2.0

Union ..................................................................... 1.1 1.6 1.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 1.3 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:3

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 1.6 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 2.1 2.1

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.5 1.4

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 1.6 1.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.7 1.6

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.2 2.2 2.7

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 1.0 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.3 1.4 1.4

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.6 1.4

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.6 1.8 1.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.4 2.7 2.7

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.7 3.7 4.2

Hospitals .................................................... 5.8 4.9 5.3

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.5 1.5

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.7 2.4 2.8

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.7 3.7 4.3

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 3.7 2.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.0 1.2 1.1

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.7 2.7 2.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.4 1.2 1.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 41. Standard errors for health-related benefits: Access, state

and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Long-term

care

insurance1

Retiree healthcare

benefits2

Under age

65

Age 65 and

over

State government .................................................. 1.7 1.6 1.6

Local government .................................................. 1.0 1.2 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.0 2.1 2.8

New England ..................................................... 3.8 3.2 4.2

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.3 2.5 3.2

South ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.8 1.7 1.6

East South Central ............................................ 3.6 7.2 5.9

West South Central ........................................... 3.4 2.3 2.6

Midwest ................................................................. 2.0 2.7 3.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.4 2.5 4.4

West North Central ............................................ 5.0 6.3 3.6

West ...................................................................... 1.6 2.0 1.9

Mountain ............................................................ 4.6 4.0 3.4

Pacific ................................................................ 1.1 2.1 2.3

1 A health plan that provides long-term (more than 1 year) custodial care, home care, or nursing

home care. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the employee. 2 A health plan that provides coverage to a retiree beyond what is mandated by COBRA or other

health continuation laws. The plan, although sponsored by the employer, may be fully paid for by the

employee. 3 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the

occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The

categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee

Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

All workers ............................................................. 37 4 1 1 20 7 3 ( ) 11

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 36 4 1 3 ( ) 21 6 3 ( ) 12

Professional and related .................................... 35 3 1 – 20 6 3 ( ) 12

Teachers ........................................................ 32 2 1 – 20 5 – 12

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 35 2 – – 23 5 – 13

Service ................................................................... 36 4 2 1 18 8 – 10

Protective service .............................................. 48 6 2 1 24 11 – 15

Sales and office ..................................................... 37 4 2 1 20 7 3 ( ) 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 38 4 2 1 20 8 3 ( ) 11

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 38 3 2 3 19 9 – 8

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 40 – – – 20 9 – 13

Full time ................................................................. 40 4 1 1 22 8 3 ( ) 13

Part time ................................................................ 16 2 – 1 7 2 – 4

Union ..................................................................... 49 5 1 – 35 9 3 ( ) 13

Nonunion ............................................................... 26 3 2 1 7 5 3 ( ) 10

Average wage within the following categories:4

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 27 1 2 2 9 6 – 10

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 19 1 2 2 5 5 – 5

Second 25 percent ............................................ 39 4 1 1 19 9 – 12

Third 25 percent ................................................ 38 4 1 – 22 6 3 ( ) 13

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 44 5 1 – 31 7 – 11

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 48 7 – – 35 6 – 14

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 37 4 1 1 20 7 3 ( ) 11

Education and health services ........................... 33 3 1 – 19 6 3 ( ) 10

Educational services ...................................... 32 2 1 – 20 5 – 10

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 31 1 1 – 21 5 – 11

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 31 6 – – 15 6 – 5

Health care and social assistance ................. 39 6 – – 17 8 2 12

Hospitals .................................................... 34 8 – – 12 5 – 10

Public administration ......................................... 46 6 2 1 23 10 – 14

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 33 5 1 – 22 5 – 7

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 33 6 2 – 21 7 – 7

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 34 4 – – 23 4 – 8

100 workers or more .............................................. 38 3 1 1 20 7 3 ( ) 12

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 37 2 2 1 19 9 – 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 38 4 1 3 ( ) 20 7 3 ( ) 13

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Nonproduction bonuses: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses1

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus2

State government .................................................. 44 10 – – 20 10 – 16

Local government .................................................. 34 2 2 1 20 6 3 ( ) 10

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 56 – – – 46 8 – 14

New England ..................................................... 57 – – – 37 18 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 56 – – – 49 5 – 15

South ..................................................................... 31 2 2 2 6 7 – 15

South Atlantic .................................................... 43 4 3 2 10 6 – 25

East South Central ............................................ 30 – – 4 – 18 – 2

West South Central ........................................... 15 – – – 2 4 – 8

Midwest ................................................................. 31 2 – – 18 10 – 10

East North Central ............................................. 33 1 – – 24 9 – 10

West North Central ............................................ 27 – – – 8 13 – 9

West ...................................................................... 34 10 – – 23 2 – 5

Mountain ............................................................ 15 – – – 3 – – 5

Pacific ................................................................ 43 13 – – 33 2 – 4

1 The sum of the individual components may be greater than the total because some employees may have access to more than one type of nonproduction bonus. 2 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 3 Less than 0.5. 4 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary

of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

All workers ............................................................. 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.5

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.2 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.8

Professional and related .................................... 1.3 0.5 0.3 – 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.9

Teachers ........................................................ 1.4 0.5 0.4 – 1.4 0.5 – 1.1

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 1.8 0.5 – – 2.0 0.8 – 1.3

Service ................................................................... 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.9 – 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 2.2 1.3 0.8 0.5 1.9 1.5 – 2.4

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.8

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.7 1.0 0.6 0.2 1.6 1.1 0.2 0.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 3.2 1.3 0.7 1.1 1.9 1.8 – 1.9

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 3.6 – – – 4.0 2.2 – 2.4

Full time ................................................................. 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.6

Part time ................................................................ 1.6 0.4 – 0.4 0.9 0.6 – 0.9

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 0.6 0.3 – 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.8

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.4 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.8 – 0.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.7 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 – 0.8

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 1.4 1.1 – 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 1.6 0.7 0.3 – 1.6 0.6 0.1 1.2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.7 1.0 0.5 – 1.9 0.7 – 1.0

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 1.4 – – 2.6 0.9 – 1.4

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.1 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.1 0.4 0.3 – 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 1.1 0.3 0.3 – 1.2 0.5 – 0.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 0.4 0.3 – 1.6 0.8 – 0.6

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.6 0.7 – – 1.7 1.7 – 0.9

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.3 1.8 – – 2.9 2.0 1.1 2.6

Hospitals .................................................... 5.0 2.2 – – 2.6 2.5 – 2.1

Public administration ......................................... 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.4 1.6 1.2 – 1.2

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.4 1.1 0.6 – 2.3 1.3 – 1.1

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.8 1.2 1.0 – 3.6 2.6 – 1.9

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 1.5 – – 2.8 1.4 – 1.7

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.7

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.5 1.2 – 1.7

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.3 0.5 0.4 3 ( ) 1.3 0.9 0.2 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 42. Standard errors for nonproduction bonuses: Access, state and local government workers, March

2020—continued

Characteristics

All

nonproduction

bonuses

Employee

recognition

bonus

End-of-year

bonus

Holiday

bonus

Payment in

lieu of

benefits

bonus

Longevity

bonus

Referral

bonus

Other

bonus1

State government .................................................. 2.1 1.0 – – 1.5 1.4 – 1.3

Local government .................................................. 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.6 0.1 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.1 – – – 1.9 0.8 – 1.2

New England ..................................................... 3.9 – – – 3.1 1.5 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.5 – – – 2.3 1.0 – 1.1

South ..................................................................... 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.1 0.9 – 0.9

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.8 0.9 0.4 2.1 1.2 – 1.4

East South Central ............................................ 2.4 – – 0.9 – 2.3 – 0.8

West South Central ........................................... 2.3 – – – 0.9 1.4 – 1.5

Midwest ................................................................. 1.7 0.6 – – 1.8 1.1 – 1.1

East North Central ............................................. 2.4 0.5 – – 2.2 1.0 – 1.0

West North Central ............................................ 2.2 – – – 3.0 2.5 – 2.6

West ...................................................................... 2.4 1.2 – – 2.2 0.8 – 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.3 – – – 0.2 – – 1.3

Pacific ................................................................ 3.3 1.3 – – 3.0 1.0 – 1.3

1 Includes all other bonuses provided to employees and not published separately. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and

below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020. 3 Less than 0.05.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary

of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, state and local

government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 56 56 49 44

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 58 58 50 45

Professional and related .................................... 58 57 49 45

Teachers ........................................................ 60 59 48 44

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 63 62 49 45

Service ................................................................... 50 50 44 41

Protective service .............................................. 53 53 50 46

Sales and office ..................................................... 58 58 51 46

Office and administrative support ...................... 59 59 51 46

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 52 52 49 42

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 56 57 46 43

Full time ................................................................. 61 61 53 48

Part time ................................................................ 28 28 25 24

Union ..................................................................... 60 60 67 61

Nonunion ............................................................... 53 53 33 30

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 45 45 31 28

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 39 38 21 20

Second 25 percent ............................................ 56 56 51 47

Third 25 percent ................................................ 60 60 52 47

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 64 63 62 56

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 64 64 69 63

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 56 56 49 44

Education and health services ........................... 59 58 48 44

Educational services ...................................... 61 60 49 44

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 61 60 47 42

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 59 58 55 47

Health care and social assistance ................. 48 48 44 41

Hospitals .................................................... 47 48 38 36

Public administration ......................................... 55 55 51 46

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 56 54 47 45

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 48 47 49 46

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 63 61 45 44

100 workers or more .............................................. 57 57 49 44

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 53 54 42 40

500 workers or more .......................................... 58 58 53 46

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1, state and local

government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

State government .................................................. 63 62 54 46

Local government .................................................. 54 54 47 44

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 62 62 68 62

New England ..................................................... 34 31 49 43

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 72 72 74 68

South ..................................................................... 56 56 25 22

South Atlantic .................................................... 50 51 26 21

East South Central ............................................ 63 60 22 21

West South Central ........................................... 61 63 23 24

Midwest ................................................................. 30 28 42 33

East North Central ............................................. 28 25 51 39

West North Central ............................................ 33 33 24 23

West ...................................................................... 77 77 79 77

Mountain ............................................................ 68 66 66 59

Pacific ................................................................ 82 82 85 85

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. For definitions of major plans, key

provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

state and local government workers, March 2020

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3

Professional and related .................................... 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.5

Teachers ........................................................ 2.5 2.7 1.9 1.7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.5 2.7 2.0 1.8

Service ................................................................... 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6

Protective service .............................................. 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.9

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.6

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.2

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2

Part time ................................................................ 2.2 2.3 1.9 1.7

Union ..................................................................... 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.9

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

Education and health services ........................... 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.5

Educational services ...................................... 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.6

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 2.4 2.3 2.0 1.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.6

Health care and social assistance ................. 4.3 4.7 3.3 3.9

Hospitals .................................................... 6.0 6.4 4.1 5.2

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.1 3.1 3.8 3.8

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 3.0 2.9 3.8 3.2

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.3

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.9 2.8 2.2 2.1

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.2 1.3 1.9 1.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 43. Standard errors for unmarried domestic partner benefits: Access1,

state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Defined benefit

retirement survivor

benefits

Healthcare benefits

Same sex Opposite

sex Same sex Oppositesex

State government .................................................. 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.9

Local government .................................................. 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 3.0 2.9 2.4 3.0

New England ..................................................... 6.2 6.8 6.0 7.0

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 2.9 2.5 2.3 3.2

South ..................................................................... 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.8

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.8

East South Central ............................................ 3.6 3.9 0.7 1.4

West South Central ........................................... 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.1

Midwest ................................................................. 2.2 2.6 2.0 1.8

East North Central ............................................. 1.9 2.7 2.1 2.1

West North Central ............................................ 5.4 5.8 3.5 3.1

West ...................................................................... 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.0

Mountain ............................................................ 4.7 5.0 6.2 5.2

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.4 1.4 1.3

1 The percentage of workers with access to the benefit reflects both the availability of the benefit and the

employer’s policy on providing the benefit to unmarried domestic partners. For more information, see

www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/employer-sponsored-benefits-extended-to-domestic-partners.htm. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which

may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile

estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms"

at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 88 1 4 8 81 8 1 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 91 1 3 6 83 9 1 8

Professional and related .................................... 90 1 3 6 82 9 1 8

Teachers ........................................................ 92 – – 5 82 10 1 () 7

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 – – 1 87 12 – –

Service ................................................................... 79 2 5 14 75 6 1 17

Protective service .............................................. 90 – – 7 86 – – 9

Sales and office ..................................................... 88 1 3 8 82 7 1 11

Office and administrative support ...................... 89 1 3 8 83 – – 10

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 95 – 3 – 89 6 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 84 – 6 10 79 6 – –

Full time ................................................................. 99 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 91 8 – –

Part time ................................................................ 22 4 23 51 19 6 5 70

Union ..................................................................... 94 1 3 2 88 7 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 82 1 4 12 75 8 1 16

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 70 2 8 20 64 8 2 27

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 58 3 11 27 53 9 2 37

Second 25 percent ............................................ 92 1 2 5 86 6 1 6

Third 25 percent ................................................ 97 1 ( ) 1 2 88 10 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 95 1 ( ) 2 3 88 7 1 4

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 92 – 4 – 84 8 1 6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 88 1 4 8 81 8 1 10

Education and health services ........................... 89 1 4 6 81 9 1 9

Educational services ...................................... 89 1 4 6 80 9 1 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 1 4 6 79 11 1 9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 88 – – 7 85 4 1 10

Health care and social assistance ................. 91 1 2 6 87 – – 8

Hospitals .................................................... 91 – – 6 87 – – 8

Public administration ......................................... 90 1 2 8 84 7 1 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 84 1 4 10 75 11 1 14

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 81 – – 14 70 – – 17

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 87 2 4 7 79 9 1 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 89 1 3 7 83 7 1 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 85 1 6 8 77 9 1 13

500 workers or more .......................................... 91 1 2 6 86 6 1 8

State government .................................................. 95 – – 4 90 6 – –

Local government .................................................. 86 1 5 9 78 8 1 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 83 6 3 8 36 53 1 10

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 86 6 2 6 38 53 1 7

Professional and related .................................... 85 6 3 6 37 54 1 8

Teachers ........................................................ 89 3 2 5 36 56 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 99 – – 1 31 68 – –

Service ................................................................... 74 7 5 14 30 51 2 17

Protective service .............................................. 87 3 3 7 34 56 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 83 6 3 9 36 52 1 10

Office and administrative support ...................... 84 6 2 8 36 53 1 9

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 87 8 3 2 41 54 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 81 3 6 10 26 58 – –

Full time ................................................................. 93 6 1 ( ) 1 41 59 – –

Part time ................................................................ 19 6 21 54 7 18 8 67

Union ..................................................................... 92 3 3 2 34 61 1 4

Nonunion ............................................................... 75 8 3 13 38 46 1 15

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 64 8 7 21 27 44 3 25

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 52 9 10 29 21 40 5 33

Second 25 percent ............................................ 86 7 2 5 39 54 1 () 7

Third 25 percent ................................................ 93 5 1 2 39 59 1 () 2

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 91 4 2 3 40 55 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 88 5 4 4 43 49 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 83 6 3 8 36 53 1 10

Education and health services ........................... 84 6 3 7 37 53 1 9

Educational services ...................................... 86 4 4 7 34 56 1 9

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 89 1 4 6 27 64 1 9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 79 10 3 8 57 31 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 71 21 2 6 54 37 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 66 26 2 7 58 33 – –

Public administration ......................................... 86 5 1 8 36 54 1 9

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 80 5 4 11 28 58 1 13

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 77 6 3 15 25 57 2 16

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 84 5 4 7 30 59 1 10

100 workers or more .............................................. 84 6 3 7 38 51 1 9

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 83 3 5 9 28 57 2 12

500 workers or more .......................................... 84 7 2 6 43 49 1 7

State government .................................................. 89 6 1 ( ) 4 49 46 – –

Local government .................................................. 81 6 4 9 32 55 2 12

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 86 1 5 8 80 7 2 11

New England ..................................................... 84 – – 10 81 – – 10

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 86 1 ( ) 7 7 80 7 2 11

South ..................................................................... 92 1 2 6 82 10 1 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 90 1 2 8 84 7 1 9

East South Central ............................................ 91 – – 5 75 17 – –

West South Central ........................................... 95 – – 3 83 12 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 84 1 5 9 81 5 1 14

East North Central ............................................. 83 1 6 10 80 4 1 15

West North Central ............................................ 87 – – 7 81 – – 12

West ...................................................................... 87 1 3 10 80 8 1 ( ) 12

Mountain ............................................................ 86 – – 12 82 – – 14

Pacific ................................................................ 88 1 3 8 79 – – 11

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Medical care benefit combinations: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 82 5 5 8 30 57 – –

New England ..................................................... 77 11 – – 16 72 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 84 3 6 7 35 52 – –

South ..................................................................... 87 6 2 6 42 51 1 7

South Atlantic .................................................... 86 5 1 8 57 33 1 9

East South Central ............................................ 85 7 – – 41 51 – 8

West South Central ........................................... 89 6 1 3 20 76 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 79 7 5 10 38 47 3 12

East North Central ............................................. 77 7 5 11 44 40 3 12

West North Central ............................................ 82 6 4 8 27 62 2 10

West ...................................................................... 82 6 3 10 29 59 1 11

Mountain ............................................................ 76 10 2 12 33 53 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 84 4 3 9 27 61 – –

1 Less than 0.5. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of

major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, state and local government workers,

March 2020

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

All workers ............................................................. 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.6

Professional and related .................................... 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.6

Teachers ........................................................ 0.7 – – 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.1 0.8

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 – – 0.3 1.3 1.4 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.5 0.4 1.1 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.3 1.3

Protective service .............................................. 1.3 – – 1.5 1.8 – – 1.1

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.7 1.2 0.3 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.3 0.3 0.4 1.1 1.7 – – 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 1.5 – 1.0 – 2.3 1.9 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 – 2.4 2.8 4.6 1.4 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.7 – –

Part time ................................................................ 1.4 0.6 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.6

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.4 0.9 0.2 0.9

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.7 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.6 0.8 0.4 1.5

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.4 0.8 2.0 2.4 2.0 1.3 0.5 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.4 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 0.9 – –

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.7 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.8

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.3 – 0.9 – 1.8 1.2 0.3 1.3

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.6

Educational services ...................................... 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.7

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.8

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 1.6 – – 1.3 1.8 0.9 0.6 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 1.3 0.2 0.6 1.5 2.0 – – 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 1.0 – – 1.5 2.7 – – 0.9

Public administration ......................................... 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.3 0.3 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.4 0.3 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.1 – – 2.1 2.9 – – 2.0

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.4 0.3 0.9 1.2 2.0 2.1 0.4 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.2 0.5

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.5 0.3 1.2 0.9 2.1 1.3 0.3 1.5

500 workers or more .......................................... 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.2 0.8

State government .................................................. 0.8 – – 0.7 0.9 0.7 – –

Local government .................................................. 0.7 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

All workers ............................................................. 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.5

Professional and related .................................... 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.5

Teachers ........................................................ 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.5 – –

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 0.3 – – 0.3 1.2 1.1 – –

Service ................................................................... 1.3 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.7

Protective service .............................................. 1.4 0.8 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 – –

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.3 1.0 0.5 1.1 1.8 1.8 0.3 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.0 1.9 1.7 0.3 1.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.0 3.3 3.1 – –

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 1.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 4.8 – –

Full time ................................................................. 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 – –

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 0.8 2.0 2.3 0.8 1.4 2.1 2.5

Union ..................................................................... 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.4

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.1

Average wage within the following categories:1

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 1.9

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 2.0 0.9 1.7 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.7 1.7 1.8 0.2 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.1 0.4

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.7 1.5 1.6 – –

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 1.4 0.7 0.9 1.1 2.1 2.4 – –

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.6

Education and health services ........................... 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.3 0.5

Educational services ...................................... 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.5

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.7

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 2.2 1.6 1.0 1.4 2.8 2.6 – –

Health care and social assistance ................. 3.9 3.2 0.6 1.4 4.3 4.7 – –

Hospitals .................................................... 4.8 4.6 0.7 1.3 6.1 6.2 – –

Public administration ......................................... 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.2 0.8

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.5 1.1 1.7 1.9 0.4 1.4

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 2.3 1.3 0.7 2.0 2.7 3.1 0.7 2.4

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.2 2.0 2.6 0.5 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 1.8 0.6 1.1 0.9 2.1 2.5 0.7 1.3

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.3 0.2 0.8

State government .................................................. 1.3 1.0 0.1 0.8 2.0 2.1 – –

Local government .................................................. 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care and retirement benefits Medical care and life insurance benefits

Medical

care and

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Retirement

benefits

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

retirement

benefits

Medical

care and

life

insurance

benefits

Medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Life

insurance

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care and no

life

insurance

benefits

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.4 0.3 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.3 0.6 1.7

New England ..................................................... 1.6 – – 1.6 2.6 – – 0.9

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.8 0.1 1.3 1.1 2.1 1.5 0.8 2.2

South ..................................................................... 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.3 0.5 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.1 – – 1.0 3.5 3.8 – –

West South Central ........................................... 1.1 – – 1.0 2.6 2.5 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.5 0.3 0.8 1.7 2.1 1.1 0.2 1.3

East North Central ............................................. 2.0 0.3 1.0 2.4 2.8 1.3 0.3 1.8

West North Central ............................................ 1.7 – – 1.4 2.8 – – 1.7

West ...................................................................... 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.9 1.7 1.5 0.2 1.2

Mountain ............................................................ 2.0 – – 1.4 3.8 – – 2.0

Pacific ................................................................ 1.5 0.3 0.7 1.1 1.8 – – 1.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 44. Standard errors for medical care benefit combinations: Access, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Medical care benefits and defined benefit

retirement

Medical care benefits and defined contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Defined

benefit

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

benefit

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and defined

contribution

retirement

Medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Defined

contribution

retirement

and no

medical

care

benefits

No medical

care

benefits

and no

defined

contribution

retirement

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.7 1.7 – –

New England ..................................................... 1.7 2.2 – – 4.4 4.4 – –

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 1.7 0.6 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.6 – –

South ..................................................................... 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.6 1.3 1.5 0.3 0.6

South Atlantic .................................................... 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.5 2.2 0.5 1.0

East South Central ............................................ 2.5 1.7 – – 4.3 3.7 – 1.5

West South Central ........................................... 2.8 2.1 0.6 1.1 2.6 3.1 – –

Midwest ................................................................. 1.1 1.0 0.7 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.1 2.1

East North Central ............................................. 1.0 1.3 0.8 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.6 3.2

West North Central ............................................ 2.5 1.4 1.2 1.7 3.8 4.2 0.8 1.2

West ...................................................................... 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.9 1.8 0.5 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 2.8 1.3 0.8 1.4 4.4 3.4 – –

Pacific ................................................................ 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.2 2.0 2.1 – –

1 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the

threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of

Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 35 59 60 58 93 93 88

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 26 63 46 43 95 95 87

Professional and related .................................... 22 64 39 36 94 95 85

Teachers ........................................................ 8 69 14 10 95 95 81

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 8 82 11 7 100 100 87

Service ................................................................... 45 52 74 73 87 87 86

Protective service .............................................. 51 52 89 88 92 92 92

Sales and office ..................................................... 49 54 85 84 93 93 93

Office and administrative support ...................... 50 54 86 85 94 94 93

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 61 60 95 94 97 97 97

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 34 56 60 61 92 92 87

Full time ................................................................. 39 65 66 64 99 99 95

Part time ................................................................ 10 21 20 20 52 53 43

Union ..................................................................... 39 69 57 56 98 98 91

Nonunion ............................................................... 32 50 62 60 88 88 85

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 29 45 57 56 81 81 78

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 23 40 43 43 69 70 67

Second 25 percent ............................................ 49 56 86 84 97 97 95

Third 25 percent ................................................ 40 69 61 59 98 98 94

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 25 65 40 37 97 97 85

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 23 53 37 34 95 95 74

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 35 59 59 57 93 93 87

Education and health services ........................... 24 63 43 40 94 94 86

Educational services ...................................... 20 65 35 32 94 94 85

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 16 73 25 20 94 94 84

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 32 40 67 67 94 94 87

Health care and social assistance ................. 50 50 91 91 93 94 94

Hospitals .................................................... 51 51 90 91 93 94 93

Public administration ......................................... 53 53 90 90 93 93 92

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 31 61 54 52 90 90 86

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 35 54 61 60 87 87 84

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 28 68 47 43 94 94 89

100 workers or more .............................................. 36 58 61 60 94 94 88

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 37 62 59 58 91 91 87

500 workers or more .......................................... 36 56 62 61 95 95 88

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Paid leave combinations: Access, state and local government workers, March 2020—continued

(All workers = 100 percent)

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

State government .................................................. 47 50 85 85 96 97 95

Local government .................................................. 31 62 52 49 92 92 85

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 45 71 55 55 92 93 85

New England ..................................................... 49 81 54 53 92 92 89

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 44 68 55 56 93 93 84

South ..................................................................... 30 56 61 59 93 94 91

South Atlantic .................................................... 39 60 65 64 91 92 90

East South Central ............................................ – 44 60 58 93 93 92

West South Central ........................................... 24 57 55 52 97 97 92

Midwest ................................................................. 35 64 55 53 90 90 88

East North Central ............................................. 38 66 54 53 89 89 87

West North Central ............................................ 30 61 56 51 93 93 90

West ...................................................................... 34 48 67 64 95 95 83

Mountain ............................................................ 25 46 60 56 90 90 85

Pacific ................................................................ 39 49 70 68 97 97 83

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, state and local government workers,

March 2020

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

All workers ............................................................. 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related ................ 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.7

Professional and related .................................... 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.7

Teachers ........................................................ 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.7 0.8 0.8 0.9

Primary, secondary, and special education

school teachers ........................................ 2.2 0.9 2.2 2.2 0.2 0.2 0.8

Service ................................................................... 2.1 2.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2

Protective service .............................................. 3.3 3.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0

Sales and office ..................................................... 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.2

Office and administrative support ...................... 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance 4.3 4.4 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.0

Production, transportation, and material moving ... 4.5 4.4 3.5 4.6 2.8 2.8 2.8

Full time ................................................................. 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4

Part time ................................................................ 1.3 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.4 1.8

Union ..................................................................... 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.7

Nonunion ............................................................... 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8

Average wage within the following categories:2

Lowest 25 percent ............................................. 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3

Lowest 10 percent ......................................... 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.9

Second 25 percent ............................................ 2.0 2.1 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.8

Third 25 percent ................................................ 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 0.4 0.4 0.6

Highest 25 percent ............................................ 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.8 1.1

Highest 10 percent ........................................ 2.9 1.9 2.8 2.6 1.2 1.2 1.6

Establishment characteristics

Service-providing industries .................................. 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5

Education and health services ........................... 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.5 0.7

Educational services ...................................... 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.8

Elementary and secondary schools ........... 1.4 0.9 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.9

Junior colleges, colleges, and universities 3.1 3.2 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.3 1.5

Health care and social assistance ................. 5.3 5.2 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.2

Hospitals .................................................... 7.8 7.7 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.1

Public administration ......................................... 2.2 2.2 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7

1 to 99 workers ...................................................... 1.9 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3

1 to 49 workers .................................................. 3.4 3.5 2.7 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.1

50 to 99 workers ................................................ 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.4 1.1 1.1 1.3

100 workers or more .............................................. 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.6

100 to 499 workers ............................................ 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2

500 workers or more .......................................... 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.9

See footnotes at end of table.
Table 45. Standard errors for paid leave combinations: Access, state and local government workers,

March 2020—continued

Characteristics

Personal

leave and

vacation

Personal

leave and

sick leave

Sick leave

and

vacation

Vacation

and

holidays

Personal

leave, sick

leave, or

paid family

leave1

Personal

leave, sick

leave, paid

family

leave, or

vacation1

Personal

leave,

vacation, or

holidays1

State government .................................................. 1.7 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.9

Local government .................................................. 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.6 0.7

Geographic areas

Northeast ............................................................... 2.9 1.5 2.6 2.5 1.4 1.5 1.7

New England ..................................................... 3.8 2.8 2.8 2.1 0.9 0.9 3.1

Middle Atlantic ................................................... 3.4 1.7 3.1 3.2 1.8 1.9 2.1

South ..................................................................... 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.7

South Atlantic .................................................... 2.9 3.0 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.0

East South Central ............................................ – 5.9 7.2 6.5 2.0 2.0 1.7

West South Central ........................................... 1.4 2.2 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.3

Midwest ................................................................. 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.2

East North Central ............................................. 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.5

West North Central ............................................ 4.9 3.6 0.9 2.2 0.4 0.5 2.3

West ...................................................................... 2.4 2.7 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.0

Mountain ............................................................ 5.7 6.2 2.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

Pacific ................................................................ 2.4 2.7 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.5 1.1

1 Includes workers with access to one or more of these leave benefits. 2 Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both

above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using wage data for March 2020.

Note: For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at

www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Technical Note

Measures of reliability

Measures of reliability are available for published estimates, which provide users a measure of the 

precision of an estimate to ensure that it is within an acceptable range for their intended purpose. For 

further information see Technical Information about Standard Errors for Benefit Estimates.

Comparing private and public sector data

Employee benefits in state and local government should not be directly compared to private industry. 

Differences between these sectors stem from factors such as variation in work activities and 

occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry 

work activities but are rare in state and local government. Administrative support and professional 

occupations (including teachers) account for two-thirds of the state and local government workforce, 

compared with one-half of private industry.

Civilian workers

Statistics for private industry and state and local government are published separately and then 

combined to measure the civilian economy. Excluded from the civilian economy are workers employed 

in federal government and quasi-federal agencies, military personnel, agricultural workers, volunteers, 

unpaid workers, individuals receiving long-term disability compensation, and those working overseas. In 

addition, private industry excludes workers in private households, the self-employed, workers who set 

their own pay (e.g., proprietors, owners, major stockholders, and partners in unincorporated firms), and 

family members paid token wages.

Leave benefits for teachers

Primary, secondary, and special education teachers may have a work schedule of 37 or 38 weeks per 

year aligning with the school year. Because of this work schedule, they are generally not offered 

vacations or holidays. In many cases, the time off during winter and spring breaks during the school year 

are not considered vacation days for the purposes of this survey.

Access
Employees are considered to have access to a benefit plan if it is available for their use. For example, if 

an employee is permitted to participate in a medical care plan offered by the employer, but the 

employee declines to do so, he or she is placed in a category with those having access to medical care.

Participation

Employees in contributory plans are considered participants in an insurance or retirement plan if they 

have paid required contributions and fulfilled any applicable service requirements. Employees in 

noncontributory plans are counted as participating regardless of whether they have fulfilled the service 

requirements. (Note: Incidence can mean either access or rates of participation in a benefit plan.)

Take-up rates

Take-up rates are the percentage of workers with access to a plan who participate in the plan. They are 

computed by using the number of workers participating in a plan divided by the number of workers with 

access to the plan, multiplied by 100, and rounded to the nearest one percent. Since the computation of 

take-up rates is based on the number of workers collected rather than rounded percentage estimates, 

the take-up rates in the tables may not equal the ratio of participation to access estimates.

Medical care premiums

The estimates for medical care premiums are not based on actual decisions regarding medical coverage 

made by employees; instead they are based on the assumption that all employees in the occupation can 

opt for single or family coverage. Monthly premiums are collected when possible. Annual premiums are 

converted to monthly premiums by dividing by 12 months.

Retirement plans

Differences in retirement plan participation are influenced by type of plan offered. In defined benefit 

plans participation is often mandatory, after meeting eligibility requirements, while participation in 

defined contribution plans is often voluntary.

Average hourly wage percentiles

Estimates by worker average wage are grouped into six wage categories- the lowest 10 percent, the 

lowest 25 percent, the second 25 percent, the third 25 percent, the highest 25 percent, and the highest 
10 percent. The categories use percentile values based on unpublished March 2020 wages and salaries 

from the BLS Employer Costs for Employee Compensation publication.

The percentiles are computed using hourly wages and salaries along with scheduled hours of work

reported for individual workers in sampled establishments. Establishments in the survey are asked to

report only individual worker wages and salaries for each sampled job. For the calculation of the 

percentile values, the individual worker hourly wages and salaries are weighted and arrayed from lowest 

to highest. The values corresponding to the percentiles are: 

Characteristics

Average hourly wage percentiles

10 25

50

(median) 75 90

Civilian workers $11.17 $14.45 $20.20 $32.74 $50.17

Private industry workers $11.00 $14.00 $19.26 $31.00 $49.04

State and local government 

workers $14.39 $19.08 $28.43 $40.69 $55.44

The lowest 10- and 25-percent wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly rate 

less than the 10th percentile value and 25th percentile value, respectively. The second 25-percent 

category includes those occupations with rates at or above the 25th percentile value but less than the 

50th percentile value. The third 25-percent category includes those occupations with rates at or above 

the 50th percentile value but less than the 75th percentile value. Finally, the highest 25- and 10-percent 

wage categories include those occupations with an average hourly wage greater than or equal to the 

75th percentile value and 90th percentile value, respectively.

Individual workers can fall into a wage category different from the average for the occupation into 

which they are classified because average hourly wages for the occupation are used to produce the 

benefit estimates.

Interpreting the tables

All estimates shown in the table are based on the set of workers specified in the statement underneath 

the table title and on any subsets indicated by column headers. For example, the statement may 

indicate that "All workers = 100 percent" or "All workers with paid sick leave = 100 percent." 
Sample rotation

One-third of the private industry sample is rotated each year except in years when the government 

sample is replaced. The government sample is replaced less frequently than the private industry sample. 

The state and local government sample was replaced in its entirety for the March 2017 reference 

period.

Survey Methods

For technical information on survey methods, see the Handbook of Methods: National Compensation 

Measures. The Concepts section provides definitions for worker and establishment characteristics, 

including geographic areas. 

Additional Information

For articles on employee benefits, see the Monthly Labor Review benefits section and Beyond the 

Numbers: Pay and Benefits, and The Economics Daily. Benefit publications from 1980 to the present are 

available through the publications archive. In addition, the benefits database may also be used to obtain 

data from 1985 to 2006 and 2010 to the present. 
Appendix table 1. Survey establishment response, March 2020

Establishments Civilian Private industry State and local

governments

Total in sampling frame1 ................................ 6,678,401 6,446,859 231,542

 Total in sample ............................................ 11,402 9,806 1,596

 Responding2 .............................................. 7,725 6,289 1,436

 Refused3 .................................................... 2,878 2,738 140

 Out of business or not in survey scope ..... 799 779 20

1 The sampling frame was developed from state unemployment insurance reports and based on the North

American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For information on establishments and sampling, see

the Handbook of Methods: National Compensation Measures available at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/

home.htm.

2 Establishments that provided data at the initial interview.

 

3 Establishments that did not provide data at the initial interview. For information on nonresponse 

adjustment and imputation, see the Handbook of Methods: National Compensation Measures available at 

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm. 

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 2. Number of workers represented,1 March 2020

Occupational group2 Civilian workers Private industry

workers

State and local

government

workers

All workers ..................................................... 139,597,300 120,164,300 19,433,000

Management, professional, and related .... 43,698,800 32,589,900 11,108,900

Management, business, and financial ... 13,450,100 11,848,600 –

Professional and related ........................ 30,248,700 20,741,300 9,507,400

Teachers ........................................... 6,559,300 – 5,149,900

Primary, secondary, and special

education school teachers ........... 4,560,000 – 3,960,400

Registered nurses ............................. 2,630,800 – –

Service ...................................................... 31,625,200 27,615,400 4,009,800

Protective service .................................. 3,280,500 1,350,500 1,930,000

Sales and office ......................................... 33,109,800 30,388,700 2,721,100

Sales and related .................................. 12,352,500 12,272,100 –

Office and administrative support .......... 20,757,300 18,116,500 2,640,800

Natural resources, construction, and

maintenance ............................................ 11,403,400 10,590,200 813,200

Construction, extraction, farming,

fishing, and forestry ............................. 5,901,000 5,456,000 –

Installation, maintenance, and repair .... 5,502,400 5,134,200 –

Production, transportation, and material

moving ..................................................... 19,760,000 18,980,100 779,900

Production ............................................. 9,423,500 9,300,600 –

Transportation and material moving ...... 10,336,500 9,679,500 –

1 The numbers of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. For information on

weighting, see the Handbook of Methods: National Compensation Measures available at

www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm. 2 The Standard Occupational Classification system was used to classify workers.

Note: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate that no estimates for

this characteristic are provided in this publication.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.