Camillus Shale

Onondaga Limestone

Akron-Bertie Formation

04130001070

Oak Orchard Creek

04120104

Tonawanda Creek

78°15'

78°15'

78°17'30"

78°17'30"

78°20'

78°22'30" 78°20'

43°05' 43°05'

43°02'30" 43°02'30"

43°

43°07'30" 43°07'30"

78°22'30"

43°

OAKFIELD, NY

ERIE

GENESEE

LIVINGSTON

MONROE

NIAGARA ORLEANS

WYOMING

AKRON

OAKFIELD

BATAVIA

NORTH

BYRON

CHURCHVILLE

CORFU

ALEXANDER

BATAVIA

SOUTH

STAFFORD

LE ROY

Carbonate

Study Area

Plate 1 Plate 2 Plate 3 Plate 4 Plate 5

Plate 7 Plate 6 Plate 9 Plate 8 Plate 10

Prepared in cooperation with the

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Base from NYSDOT Mapping and GIS Section,

1998, accessed in 2009 at

http://www.nysgis.state.ny.us/gisdata/

Land use from National Land Cover Data 2001,

Resolution 1 arc-second (approx. 30m)

Bedrock Geology from New York State Museum,

1:250,000

Soils from United States Department of Agriculture, 

Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database

accessed in 2009 at http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov

State Plane Coordinate System, Zone 3103, 

North American Datum 1983

Hydrogeologic and Geospatial Data for the Assessment of Focused Recharge

to the Carbonate-Rock Aquifer in Genesee County, New York

By

James E. Reddy and William M. Kappel

2010

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 3132

Geology, land use, and contaminant spills,

Oakfield, Genesee County, NY—PLATE 2, MAP 1

Reddy, J.E., and Kappel, W.M., 2010, Hydrogeologic and geospatial data for the assessment

of focused recharge to the carbonate-rock aquifer in Genesee County, New York;

U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Map 3132, 20 plates, 1:24,000 scale.

EXPLANATION

Geologic contact, dashed where

approximate 

Carbonate-rock aquifer study area

boundary 

Cropland/hay/pasture

Basin boundary, hydrologic unit code, 

and name

04120104

Tonawanda Creek

Karst feature drainage basin or 500-footradius buffer zone

Glacially enhanced

Ground moraine depression

Patterned sinkhole

Possible sinkhole

Sinkhole

Solution sinkhole

Rock outcrop

Losing stream

Karst features

Exposed bedrock

Groundwater contamination

Shallow soils with infiltration rates ranging

from 1.42 to 5.67 inches per hour

Aurora, Benson, Wassaic, and Rubbleland

soils

Onondaga Limestone

Marcellus Formation

Beet leachate location 

Manure application 

Trichloroethylene spill 

Map 1—This map provides the location of major drainage MAP SERIES 1

basin divides in Genesee County (Oatka, Black, Tonawanda, 

and Oak Orchard Creek watersheds) and the location of 

bedrock units and contacts, as determined by the New York 

State Geological Survey (NYSGS) (Cadwell, 1988). 

Locations of bedrock contacts are approximate owing to 

scalar differences between the original NYSGS map and 

these quadrangle maps. Where possible though, adjustments 

to these contacts have been made on the basis of soil 

descriptions and limited field inspection. Also shown is the 

location of agricultural land uses (cropland, hay, and pasture, 

in light brown shading), and the “shallow-to-bedrock” soils 

are shown using the hachured shading. These thin soils have 

infiltration rates of 1.42 to 5.67 inches per hour (in/hr). Four 

additional “shallow-to-bedrock” soils (Aurora, Benson, 

Wassaic, and Rubbleland) are shown because they have been 

associated with manure application and groundwater 

contamination in Genesee County, even though they have 

lower infiltration rates than those listed above. Karst features 

are shown with either a 500-foot (ft) radial “buffer” area, if 

there is no stream course associated with the feature or a 

subbasin area that has been delineated if the karst feature 

had a stream course flowing into it that was discernible from 

the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset. 

These subbasins contribute water, and provide possible 

contaminant transport to the carbonate-rock aquifer. Finally, 

the location of any documented groundwater-contamination 

occurrence is shown.

1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 FEET

1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER

SCALE 1:24 000

1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE