RB82-227570

StITVejofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies, Fy'~'jQ- FYSI ~).y;., ,

.",':',

George H. Waring

Southern Illinois University 'I" Carbondale, Illinois ....;/..:

i .... ".

June 1982

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Technical Information Service
"

PB&2-227570

Report No. MMC-Sl/ll

SURVEY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED

MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES

FY 70 - FYSl

George H. Waring

Department of Zoology

Southern Illinois University

Carbondale, Illinois 62901

Published June 19S2

Final Report to U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

in Fulfillment of Contract ~~12079243-6

Availability Unlimited

Prepared for

U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

1625 I Street, N.W.

Washington, D:C .. 20006

Jl!PROOllCEO BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE

u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

SPRINGFiElD, VA. 22161
.50272 -lnt

REPORT DOCUMENTATION I'· REPORT NO. 2- 3. RecipIent's Acc...lon No.

PAGE MMC-81/11 PBS2-227570

4. TItle and SubtItle 5. Report Cate

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research June 1982

and Studies, FY70-FY81 .. 7. Author(s) I. Perlormlnc OrwanizaUon Rept. No.

George H. Waring

9. Perlormln_ O,.an'zat!on Name and Addre•• 10. Project/Te.k/Work Unit No.

Dr. George H. Waring

Department of Zoology 11. Ccntnlet(C) or Grant(G) No.

Southern Illinois University (e) MM2079243-6

Carbondale, Illinois 62901 (0)

12. Sponsorlnll: Oraanlzatlon Name and Address 13. Type of R.port & ""rloel Cov.t1Id

U. S. Marine Mammal Commission Final Report

1625 I Street, N .1'1'.

Washington, D.C. 20006 ... 15. Supp4em.ntary Notes

The data and information contained in this report were given, in final

form, to the involved agencies for review and comment. The agencies

consider the contents of this report to be accurate.

IlL AMtnlet (l.lmit: 200 words)

(see p. iii)

17. Document Analysis •. Cescriptors

b. Id.ntlfi..../Open·End.d T.rms

Co COSATI Fi.ld/Group

11. Availability Stat.m'n~ 19. Security Clas. (ThIs R.port) 21. No. of Pac.s

Unclassified 7'1

Availability Unlimited 20. s.cunty Class (ThIs Pace) 22. Price

rTn("'",,,,,i~ipr1

(S.. ANSI-Z39.18)

ii

OJI'TIONAL FORM 212 (.4-7n

(Form.rly NTI~5)

o.partment of Commerce
ABSTRACT

A comprehensive survey of marine mammal research funded by t~e United States

government from FY70 through FY81 is presented. More than thirteen hundred

research projects are considered. Fourteen different federal department-level

agencies funded the research; of these, five were especially involved in research relevant to needs under the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972.

These agencies were the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and Interior as well

as the Marine Mammal commission and the National Science Foundation. In the

FY74-FY81 interval, these five agencies funded 72-91% of the annual number

of projects and supported 70-93% of the annual cost of federally-funded research

involving marine mammals. Beginning in FY79 the Department of State emerged as

another major contributor to research relevant to the Marine Mammal Protection

Act.

During the period FY70-FY80, federal funding of marine mammal research had an

upward trend. For example, funding increased from $6.2 million in FY75 to more

than $18 million in FY80. FY81 funding was 81% -of the peak year FY80. More

regionally-oriented research has occurred in waters adjacent to Alaska than

along any other state or group of adjacent states. For the period FY74-FY77,

federal funding of cetacean and pinniped research was about equal; however,

beginning in FY78, support of cetacean research increased substantially more

than for other taxomonic groups. In FY81, funding of cetacean research

exceeded funding of pinniped research by more than four times. Not only did

research on the tuna/porpoise issue receive more funding, but also new studies

on endangered and threatened whales and porpoises were initiated. Funding for

manatee and sea otter research also increased markedly beginning in FY78.

Reduced funding was the common trend in FY81.

With enactment of the Marine Mammal Protection Act, responsibility for marine

mammals was divided between the Department of Commerce and the Department of

the Interior. Through FY79, both agencies successively increased funding of

marine mammal research. In PY80, the funding level began to drop for Interior;

Commerce experienced a drop in PY81. Within Commerce, expenditures on marine

mammal studies by the National Marine Fisheries Service in peak year FY80 had

more than quadrupled since FY74. Within Interior, annual funding by the Fish

and Wildlife Service for marine mammal research doubled over the period FY74-

FY80; the Bureau of Land Management, by comparison, funded no marine mammal

studies in FY74 but expended more than $7 million in its high year of FY79.

The research trends of the National Marine Fisheries service and the Fish and

wildlife Service reflect corresponding trends in agency appropriations under

the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act. Research

funded by the Marine Mammal Commission, National Science Foundation, u.S. Navy,

and other agencies has fluctuated from year to year.

Wasteful duplicative research was not found to occur. Research topics have been

numerous and, as a whole, focused on problems relevant to issues under the Marine

Mammal Protection Act. Some investigators and research institutions have simultaneously had more than one marine mammal project under federal funding either by

the same or by different agencies. In recent years, over one-half of the federal

funds expended annually on marine mammal research has been for studies conducted by scientists employed by federal agencies as opposed to the non-federal scientific

comm~i~.

iii
PREFACE

The following review of federally-funded marine mammal research and studies

is a reference document presented in tabular form rather than as a continuous

text. It is an update of previous surveys compiled by the author for the

Marine Mammal commission. l The Commission conducts a continuing review of

research programs conducted or proposed to be conducted under the authority

of the Marine Mammal Protection Act and underta~es or causes to be undertaken

such other studies as it deems necessary or desirable in connection with its

assigned duties as to the protection and conservation of marine mammals

[Section 202 (a) 2,3J. Under Sec. 205 of the Act, the Commission is provided

access to all studies and data compiled by federal agencies regarding marine

mammals so as to ensure that unnecessary duplication of research is avoided

and to carry out the purposes of the Act~

The user of this document will find the Table of Contents especially helpful

for locating specific information and for understanding the organization and

breadth of the rnaterial~ The first section is an overview of all federallyfunded research involving marine mammals. The second section focuses upon research and studies conducted under authority of the Act. Tne last section list

all research projects identified in the FY80 and FY8l surveys.

The data came from two major sources: (1) directly from agency officials at

the request of the Marine Mammal Co~ssion and (2) from the Smithsonian Science

Information Exchange. More than two dozen U.S. government agency offices were

surveyed by the Commission. Principal investigators have on a few occasions

supplemented information on their projects. Appendix A is a listing of publications identified by the agencies as sources (or pending sources) of marine

mammal information resulting from federally-funded research. Unless otherwise

noted, the tables and figures summarize data supplied directly to the Commission

by each agency. Appendix B is a listing of all FY80 and FY8l projects that were

identified by the sources~

Agencies vary in their ability to identify and retrieve information on special

projects~ From year to year, both intra- and interagency variability occurs reducing the accuracy of the data for comparative purposes~ Inherent also in such

a study is the difficulty of separating administrative costs from costs specifically for data collection and analyses. Generally the funds reported included

both costs and must be viewed accordingly~

20 March 1982 George H~ Waring, Ph.D.

Carbondale, IL

Isee Waring, G~H. 1981. Survey of federally-funded marine mammal research and studies, FY70-FY79. Final report for MMC contract MM1533588-3.

U~S. Dept. Commerce, National Technical Information Service PB8l-174336. 235p.

iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. iii

PREFACE. • . • • • • . . . . • . . • . . • . . • • • • • • • . • . . • • • . • • . • • . • . . . . i v

LIST OF FIGURES...................................... vii

LIST OF TABLES....................................... viii

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS.......... 1

Federal Agencies Funding Marine Mammal Research 2

Number of Marine Mammal Research Projects

Supported by Federal Agencies (FY70-FY8Q) as

Reported by the smithsonian Science Information

Exchange.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5

Number of Marine Mammal Research Projects

Supported by Federal Agencies in FY74-81,

Comparing Smithsonian Science Information

Exchange Data to Information Provided Directly

to the Marine Mammal Commission by Each Agency 6

Trends in Federal Support of Marine Mammal

Research (FY70-FY81) •••.••••••••••...•..••••.•• 7

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research

(FY7 4-FY81) :

--By Agency............... . • . • . • • . . . • . • . . • • • . 8

--By Geographical Region..................... 10

--By Taxonomic Group......................... 11

--By Research Issue.......................... 12

II. RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE MARINE

MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972.................. 16

Research Responsibilities of Federal Agencies

Under the Act........................... . • . • • . . 17

Federal Funding Authorized, Requested and

Appropriated Under the Act..................... 19

v
Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research Other

than Appropriated under Authority of the Act

(NOAA/NMFS and FWS) , FY73-FY81................. 20

Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research by

the National Marine Fisheries Service and

the Fish and Wildlife Service, FY73-FY81....... 22

Number of Personnel Assigned to Marine Mammal

Administration and Research Activities in the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish

and Wildlife Service, FY73-FY8l................ 23

III. APPENDIX A

Publications Identified by Agencies as Sources

or Pending Sources of Marine Mammal Information

from Federally-Funded Research................. 24

IV. APPENDIX B

Listing of Marine Mammal Research Projects,

Principal Investigators and Funding Level for

FY80 and FY8l.................................. 27

--Department of Agriculture.................. 28

--Department of Commerce..................... 28

--Department of Defens e. • . • • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

--Department of Energy. •.....•. .•....•. 40

--Department of Health and Human Services.... 41

--Department of the Interior................. 43

--Department of State........................ 56

--Department of Transportation............... 57

--Environmental Protection Agency............ 57

--Marine Mammal Commission.. .•........... .... 57

--National Aeronautics and Space Administration. . . . • . . . . . . . • • . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 61

--National Science Foundation................ 62

--Smithsonian Institution.................... 64

--Veterans Administration.................... 65

vi
Figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

1. Trends in federal support of marine mammal research: Total number of marine mammal projects

as reported by the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, FY70-Fy80, and to the Marine

Mammal Commission by each agency, FY74-FY81....... 7

2. Funds expended on marine mammal research by the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish

and wildlife Service, FY73-FY81................... 22

vii
Table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

1. Number of marine mammal research projects supported

by federal agencies as reported by Smithsonian

Science Information Exchange....................... 5

2. Number of marine mammal research projects supported

by federal agencies in FY74-81, comparing Smithsonian science Information Exchange data to information provided directly to the Marine Mammal Commission by each agency............................. 6

3. Federal funding of marine mammal research.......... 8

4. Regionally oriented marine mammal research in

waters adjacent to the United States...••.......••. 10

5. Taxonomic summary of federally-funded marine

mammal research.................................... 11

6. Federal funding of marine mammal research by research issue....................................... 12

7. Federal funding under the Marine Mammal Protection

Act. . . . . . • • • . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . • . • • . . . • • • . • • . . . • . . . . 19

8. Funds expended on marine mammal research other than

those appropriated under authority of the Marine

Mammal Protection Act••. ....•....•••....•..••...•.. 20

9. Number of personnel assigned to marine mammal

activities in the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and wildlife Service, FY73-FY81.. 23

viii
1

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGR&~S

INVOLVING MARINE MAMMALS

Fourteen departmental-level federal agencies participated in

funding marine mammal research and studies from FY70 through FY81.

Some agencies funded projects in all years, whereas others supported

studies during only part of the period. Often more than one agency

within the larger departments participated in funding research. The

Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE) reported an average

of 46.5 projects were funded with federal monies in each of the years

surveyed (Table 1); nevertheless using the Marine Mammal Commission

(I1MC) information solicited directly from each agency, the average

annual number of projects for FY74-FY81 was 143 (Table 2). The

trends of these data are depicted in Figure 1. Data for year 76 include the 12-month fiscal year plus a transition quarter (TQ76=July

to September 1976) when the first day of the federal fiscal year was

shifted from 1 July to 1 October. Total funds expended by each agency

annually for marine mammal research are shown in Table 3. Funding by

geographic region, taxonomic group, and research issue are listed in

Tables 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
2

FEDERAL AGENCIES FUNDING MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

The Department of Agriculture has conducted studies related

to contagious disease organisms associated with marine mammals.

The San Miguel sea lion virus has been of special interest. Clinically, the sea lion virus infection resembles the lesions of footand-mouth disease in ruminants.

Department of Commerce (DOC)

The Department of Commerce, through the National Marine

Fisheries Service (NMFS) , conducts marine mammal and fisheries

research with emphasis on resource surveys, biological and ecological

investigations, and resource management for the use and conservation of living marine resources. The cetaceans and pinnipeds

(exclusive of the walrus) are among the responsibilities of this

Department. Research funding has been concentrated on the northern

fur seal, the incidental take of porpoise in the yellow-fin tuna

purse-seine fishery, and whale assessment. In addition, the National

Sea Grant Program and other offices in the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have supported studies on marine

mammals. OCSEAP (the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment

Program managed by NOAA) was created through interagency agreement

between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and NOAA; it is responsible for most Alaska OCS research funded by BLM.

Department of Defense (DOD)

The Department of Defense conducts marine mammal research

through the Headquarters Space Division of the Air Force, the Corps

of Engineers of the Army, and through the Navy. Units of the Navy

conducting this research include the Naval Ocean Systems Center

(formerly Naval Undersea Center) and the Office of Naval Research.

DOD research varies from basic environmental impact research to

applied military research. Differentiating marine mammals from

military targets, furthering the understanding of the undersea environment, and the utilization of marine mammals with specific behavioral traits for applied research are the major thrusts of the Navy

program; studies on behavior modification, husbandry, bioacoustics,

migration and distribution, and sensory perception are supported.

Navy research also includes studies of the bacterial, viral, fungal

and parasitic diseases of marine mammals with particular emphasis

on those diseases that can be transmitted.
3

pepartment of Energy (DOE)

The Department of Energy (formerly the Atomic Energy Commission of the Energy Research and Development Administration) has

occasionally supported marine mammal research. The thrust of the

research has been directed at the behavioral ecology of sea otters, especially at Amchitka Island in the area of the CANNIKF~

Shot, and also on problems associated with censusing marine mammals.

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

The Department of Health and Human Services, formerlv the

Department of Health, Education and Welfare--(HEW), through the

National Institutes of Health, funds some research related to marine

mammals; the research is basically oriented toward an understanding

of human health and physiology. It consists primarily of research

on physiological mechanisms and adaptations. Marine mammals are

often one of several vertebrates used in the research projects.

Department of the Interior (DOl)

The Department of the Interior, through the Bureau of Land

Management, supports environmental assessment studies involving

the effects of outer continental shelf development on marine

mammals and their habitats. Special studies such as the effects

of hydrocarbons and other disturbances from oil and gas activities

are also supported. The Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) supports

management related research on the biology and population ecology

of walrus, sea otter, polar bear, and sirenians (manatees and

dugong). Additional studies are conducted on tissue contaminant

levels in marine mammals, marine mammal tagging, and population

assessment of the Hawaiian monk seal in the Hawaiian Islands

National Wildlife Refuge. The Geological Survey conducts research

in marine mammal paleontology and the National Park Service supports some marine mammal studies relative to national park and

monument development.

Department of State (DOS)

The Department of State has supported studies of the Antarctic

krill resource (a major food resource of Southern Ocean marine

mammals) in consideration of the prospect of international commercial exploitation of krill in waters adjacent to Antarctica.

Funds have also been provided to further cetacean research of the

Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission and the International Whaling Commission.

Department of Transportation (DOT)

The Department of Transportation, through the Coast Guard, has

supported research to identify potential applied uses of the perception and capabilities of animals, including marine mammals.
4

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The Environmental Protection Agency has indirectly supported

marine mammal research through the study and monitoring of pollutant levels in coastal and pelagic marine organisms.

Marine Mammal Commission (MMC)

The Marine Mammal Commission supports research and studies

pertaining to the conservation and protection of marine mammals

to improve the operation of the Marine Mammal Protection Act.

Policy studies; methodological research; information overviews;

issue-specific research on population assessment, critical

habitats, taking, man-induced hazards, ecological inter-relationships, and socio-economic/legal aspects of marine mammal conservation; and reviews of agency actions and research under the Act

are integrated into the directed research program of the Commission.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration develops

and provides technological support for marine mammal research and

studies of user agencies. Telemetric and remote sensing capabilities through aircraft and satellite support are provided.

National Science Foundation (NSF)

Through its various divisions, the National Science Foundation supports marine mammal research; however, there is no directed

effort on marine mammals per se. The studies of Antarctic marine

mammals have been supported through this agency in accordance with

the Antarctic Treaty.

Smithsonian Institution (SI)

The Smithsonian Institution, through the Department of Vertebrate Zoology and the Department of paleobiology of the Museum of

Natural History, supports their staff on marine mammal research

in evolution and general biology. The Scientific Event Alert

Network gathers information on beached and stranded marine mammals.

Veterans Administration (VA)

The Veterans Administration has supported a few projects on

the physiological characteristics of marine mammals. Among these

has been an electroencephalographic study of sleep in the pilot

whale.
5

TABLE 1

NUMBER OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROJECTS

SUPPORTED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES AS REPORTED

BY SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE*

Fiscal Year

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Department of Agri cuIture 2 1 3 3 1 1

Department of Commerce 2 6 4 12 8 14 3 15

Department of Defense 8 13 16 17 5 18 10 1 12 10 15

Department of Energy

(formerly ABC and ERDA) 1 1 1 1 1 1

Department of Health and

Human Services (formerly

HEW) 6 9 7 8 5 16 15 7 2 3 4

Department of the

Interior 2 1 1 9 1 1 7 3 3

Department of S~ate

Department of Transportation

Environmental Protection

Agency 1 1 1

Marine Mammal Commission 22 18 12 6

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration 1 1 1 1 1

National Science

Foundation 9 8 17 5 8 13 13 6 12 9 8

Smithsonian Institution 1 2 2 2 2

veterans Administration 2 1 2 2 1 2 2

TOTAL 28 36 51 50 35 64 82 46 60 28 32 t'·

*Not an all inclusive listing of federally-funded marine mammal research
6

TABLE 2

NUMBER OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY

FEDERAL AGENCIES IN FY74-81, COMPARING SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE

INFORMATION EXCHANGE DATA (A) TO INFORMATION PROVIDED DIRECTLY

TO THE MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION BY EACH AGENCY (B)

Department of AgricUlture

Veterans Administration

Department of State

Department of Transportation

FY74 FY7~ FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81

A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B

3 2 3 1 1 - - - 1 - - 2 - 1 1

9 13 7 8 10 9 - 13 15 14 - 14 - 34 31

3 4 1 2 4 1 3 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 2

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1

- - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 1

- - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2 - 2 16 8 8 3 7 - 14 2 17 2 8 3 9 6

- - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 3 10 10 6 7 6 1 7 10 7 8 11 12 8 7

1 - 1 1 - 1 - 2 1 2 - - 1 1 1

5 20 16 26 15 17 7 13 2 12 3 8 4 9 11

- - - 1 - 4 - 3 - 4 - 7 2 12 8

- - - 3 - 16 - 11 - 11 - 6 - 7 8

- 15 - 20 - 27 5 40 2 43 - 52 1 44 32

- - 1 - 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 1

- 1 - 1 - 2 2 3 - 5 - 2 - 2 4

- - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 - 1 2

- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 -

- 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -

- 14 - 32 22 30 18 29 12 34 6 7 - 21 16

1 1 - 1 1 1 1 2 - 2 - - 1 - 1

8 12 13 7 13 10 6 10 12 8 9 11 8 12 8

- 4 2 4 2 2 3 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 2

- - 1 - 2 - - 2 2 2 - - - - 1

35 ·64 82 46 60 28 2

113 122 133 153 168 137 171 143

SSIE Data

MMC Data

Department of Interior

Bureau of Land Mgmt.

BLM/NOAA/OCSEAP

Fish & Wildlife Service

Geological Survey

National Park Service

Department of Commerce

National Marine Fisheries

Service

Sea Grant

NOAA/OCSEAP (see below)

North Pacific Fishery

Management Council

Department of Defense

Air Force

Army

Naval Ocean Systems Ctr.

(NMC)

Naval Research Laboratory

Office of Naval Research

TOTAL

National Aeronautics &

Space Administration

Department of Health and

Human Services

Marine Mammal Commission

Department of Energy

Smithsonian Institution

Environmental Protection

Agency

National Science Foundation
,

FIGURE 1

TRENDS IN FEDERAL SUPPORT OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

Total Number of Marine Mammal Projects as Reported:

By the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE) and

To the Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) by Each Agency.

-J

200-

Q 180-

[>1

160-

0

p., 140- gj

Ul 120- 8

u

[>1 100- t-:J

0

P-< 80-

p.,

0 60-

40=1

SSIE

[>1

§l ---rr ,,---_.--.0

D

Z 20-

0-

70 71 72 73 74 75 T6* 77 78 79 80 81

FISCAL YEARS

*Includes Transitional Quarter (July-September 1976)
TABLE 3

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

(Thousands of Dollars)

FY74 FY75 FY/'£Q76 FY77 FY78 n79 FY80 FY81

Department of Agriculture 37.2 9.3 --- --- --- 209 --- 10

Department of.Crnnmerce

National Marine Fisheries

Service 1218.7 1386.6 1456.4 2313.8 3603.2 4425.9 5156.7 4568.2

National Sea Grant Programs 77.2 82.3 19.8 25.8 49.7 68 59.7 35.1

North Pacific Fishery Mgmt.

Council --- --- --- --- --- --- 97.2 28.9

Department of Defense

Air Force --- --- --- --- --- 40 15 79.2

Army --- --- --- --- --- 44 122

Naval Ocean Systems Ctr. 658 425 361 718 545 717 1979 1729

Naval Research Laboratory --- --- _.-- --- --- 20

Office of Naval Research 485.4 270 260.1 414 430 538.4 462.8 302.6

00

Department of Energy --- 18.3 28 80 80 --- 30 20

Department of Health and

Human Services 916.9 1573.5 1078.5 781 772 392.8 602.5 755.8

Department of Interior

Bureau of Land Management --- 706.7 2046.4 2242 2519.8 7lo57.3 6146.2 34-13.8

Fish & Wildlife Service 706 734.2 933 933 1042.7 1452.5 1418.9 1127.2

Geological Survey --- --- --- 31.2 30.5 20 30 92.5

National Park Service 6 6 17.2 16.5 64.8 45.8 68 376.9

Department of State --- --- --- --- 51 500 592.9 719.4

Department of Transportation --- --- --- --- --- --- 95

Environmental Protection Agency 47 49.8

Marine Mammal Commission 258.8 446.7 561.7 420.3 376.1 152.6 358.7 134.7

National Aeronautics & Space

Administration 45 100 194 50 65 --- . 12 143.3
TABLE 3 (continued)

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research

FY74 FY75 FY!TQ76 FY77 FY7B FY79 FY80 FY81

National Science Foundation 515.6 292.8 690.4 718.9 334.2 479.3 677.6 574.5

Simthsonian Institution 68.5 80.1 102 106.1 101.1 133.4 142.8 152.3

Veterans Administration --- --- --- 102.6 98.9

TOTAL $5013.3K $7748.5K $10,164K $18,207K

$6181. 3K $8953.2K $16,696K $14,818.4K

'"
TABLE 4

REGIONALLY ORIENTED MARINE l1AMMAL RESEARCH IN WATERS ADJACENT TO TilE UNITED STATES

(Thousands of Dollarsl Number of Projects in Parentheses)

....

o

Geographical Fiscal Year

Region 74 75 76' 77 78 79 80 81

Hawaii --- 5 51. 5 102.6 118.2 71.4 411.1 114.8

(1) ( 2) (8) (6) ( 2) (11) (2)

Alaska 780.4 1,670.5 2,451. 5 2,861. 7 3,336.8 3,746.7 5,40'7.4 3,992.1

(22) (31) (36) (39) (46) ("17) (34) (29)

Oregon/ 17 87.3 81.6 43.5 60.3 68 229.9 234.5

Washington (l) (6) (6) (2) (4) (2) (2) (5)

California 102.5 805.4 1,370 1,132 317.2 1,675.2 3,234.9 795.3 , (4) (9) (18) (11) (12) (11) (19) (11) (

Gulf of Mexico '1.9 --- 6 --- 2.4 144.3 200 296.2

(1) (1) (2) (1) (l) (1)

Florida 121.3 187.5 139.9 171.2 269 656.3 858.2 306.8

(4) (6) (9) (10) (12) (4) (21) (9)

Georgia, South

carolina and

North Carolina --- --- --- 199.9 --- --- 200 296.3

(l) (2) (1)

HE Coastal States 31.9 43.3 56.2 29.3 1,484 2,762.9 292.7 1,025.1

(3) (3) (5) (3) (4 ) (1) (14) (8)

*Includes Transition Quarter (July-September 1976)
Sirenia 74

(Mana tees 75

and Dugong) 76

77

78

79

80

81

Carnivora 74

(Polar Bear 75

and Sea 76

Otter 77

78

79

80

81

Pinnipedia 74

(Seals, Sea 75

Lions and 76

Walrus) 77

78

79

80

81

Cetacea 74

(Whales and 75

Porpoises) 76

77

78

79

80

81

Mixed Species 74

or General 75

Studies 76

77

78

79

80

81

TABLE 5

TAXONOMIC SUMMARY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

(Thousands of Dollars)

ny.L. • ................. '-''''' .... ~~~ ..... u ..... ~~~

-~- ~_. .. ... ......... u ......··• u ...... -~ .~ ............. e>. ......

60 60

119.2 119.2

173.8 173.8

190.2 50 240.2

267.1 15 282.9

44 580.5 0.8 624.5

122 328.7 109 559.7

358 46.5 404.5

90 90

18.3 27.3 375 15.3 435.9

28 629.3 103.2 760.5

30 587.3 40.6 657.9

30 717.7 49.9 797.6

59.7 809.4 22.6 891. 7

71 30 718 36.3 855.3

5.1 20 639.2 18 682.3

37.2 586.8 90 56.3 6 56.2 268 49.5 1150

9.3 752.7 140 210.7 171 154.9 156.6 51.8 1647

760.5 147 116.2 684.6 54.3 268.3 59.2 2090.1

783.8 274 141.3 763.5 64.8 131.1 56.1 102.6 2317.2

858.7 325 664.6 33.7 141.5 45 2068.5

200 956.7 246 76.6 589 59.1 243.2 47.4 2418

1454.7 353 43.5 467.7 106 240.7 2665.6

873.2 149.2 51.4 541. 9 56 292.3 1964

695.5 344 294.2 77 .9 170.1 19 1600.7

675 250.5 365.1 190.9 61 28.3 1570.8

709.7 263.1 114.3 126.2 262.8 275.2 42.8 1794.1

1555.8 527 144.6 253.4 124.9 213.1 2818.8

2794.2 446 149.6 278 169.7 163.1 4000.6

3326.3 746.4 74.1 2937.5 500 81 187.9 7853.2

3542.8 583.8 167.1 2200.8 592.9 133.7 380.8 8601.9

10 3118 485.6 463.4 1817 719.4 34.4 0

143.3 235.7 8026.8

13.6 o 682.4 566.4 556 47 124.7 45 77 .5 2112.6

41. 2 ; 304.5 970.4 781.7 49.8 85.6 100 75.2 2408.4

6 0211 848 1382.7 141.4 146.9 2736

331 50 495.1 1428.3 190 374.7 50 2919.1

204 50 622.4 1730.4 51 122 50 29.6 56.1 98.9 3014.4

9 210.9 323 242.1 3999.5 12.5 25.6 86 4908.6

245.1 520 391.9 3945.9 95 10 19.8 142.8 5370.5

635.9 476 241 1654.3 26.3 152.3 3185.8

.....

.....
12

TABLE 6

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL

RESEARCH BY RESEARCH ISSUE

(ThouSands of COllars)

FUNDING

74 75 76 7877 79 8180 AGENCY ,

Tuna/porpoise:

Population Assessment 85.1 10~ 81 516.5 524.5 462.7 676.9 615 NMFS

2 MMC

500 592.9 687.1 DOS

Mortality Reduction 167.4 140.2 120 299.6 487.6 512.9 433.1 303.6 NMFS

178 67.4 5.6 MMC

119.6 97.1 NSF

48 Navy

Assessment of Taking 179 189.6 318.7 329.5 346.9 246.7 NMFS

3.5 9.8 12.4 MMC

Biology 271.3 342.9 136 138.1 220.4 705.3 382.4 430.2 NMFS

26 Navy

12.5 1Q MMC

31. 6 NSF

International Whaling

Convention: 32.3 DOS

Assessment of Stocks 32 (33.6) (38.7) (52.8) (103) 340.5 433 NMFS

and Taking (overview 26.3 33.5 19.8 70.9 65 MMC

studies) 21.5 NSF

Marine Mammal/Fisheries

Conflicts:

Southern Ocean Krill 10 14.5 4 MMC

51 DOS

25.6 NSF

Fin Fish/Pinn~ped 19.8 25.8 49.7 68 30 Sea Grant

Interactions 17.7 59.3 4.9 32.5 MMC

70 604.6 349.9 NMFS

Shell Fish/Sea Otter 6 5.1 Sea Grant

Interactions 4.5 FWS

142.4 NMFS

Fin Fish/Porpoise

Interactions 2 NMC

Effects of Oil on

Marine Manunals:

Physiological Studies 91.5 59 65 1097.8 394.1 111.8 BLM

2.8 2 MMC

Marine Mammal

Strandings:

Biological Studies 15 25 32.3 15 MMC

(6.4) (18.3) (42.8) (11.9) (14.6) (15) 51

6 3.5 20 30 NMFS

70.4 B1.1-1

(15) (30) (18.7) (151 FWS

SPECIAL RESEARCH

ISSUE
13

FUNDING

79 80 81 AGENCY

FISCAL YEAR

74 75 76 77 78

SPECIAL RESEARCH

ISSUED (Cont.)

Bowhead Whales:

Assessment of Stocks

and Taking 16 (20.6) <'38.7) 201 724 871.1 737.2 765.1 NMFS

(44.1) (42.5) (167.2) 591 345.3 BLM

6.7 MMC

Biology

590 BLM

Humpback Whale:

Population Assessment (38.7) (52.8) (103) 15 39.1 70.7 NMFS

25.1 21.4 15 9 MMc

Biology 11.2 10 31.3 39.8 63 376.3 NPS

4.1 NMFS

39.7 40.2 42.3 NSF

48 24 Navy

Gray Whale:

Population Assessment 31.4 (32.7) (38.8) (52.8) (103) 25.7 NMFS

37 9 Navy

Assessment of HumanInduced Impact 14.7 16.5 9.8 20.6 3.8 l'.MC

Bio1ocrv 187.7 58.1 BLM

Killer Whale:

Population Assessment 17 (17.6) (38.8) (52.7) 3 NMFS

37.9 7.9 MMC

(15.3) NSF

Pilot Whales:

Population Assessment 10 Navy

(15.3) NSF

Biology (6.3) (5) SI

10 USDA

Be1ukha:

Population Assessment (44) (42.5) (17.2) 49.8 BLM

Bio1ocrv 20 10 25 350 525 Navv

Harbor Porpoise

Population Assessment: 45 NMFs

Da11 Porpoise:

Population Assessment 210 6.9 264 NMFs
SPECIAL RESEARCH

14

FISCAL YEAR FUNDING

ISSUES (Cont. ) ,. ,. ,< 77 78 79 80 8' _~G"'7J(",Y

Bottlenose Dolphin:

Population Assessment 55 68.3 1.9 MMC

180.8 219.9 221.8

Biology 211 100 133 270 168 467 903.9 850 Navy

38.1 HEW

54.3 55.6 20 86.7 92.8 85.3 90.1 107 NSF

15.8 31.8 0.5 MMC

9 NMFS

Northern Fur Seal:

Population Assessment and Monitoring 395.2 339.5 354.4 352 (367) 430.2 246 152.6 NMFS

Biology 145.5 330.9' 330.2 366 384 269.3 410.9 420.2 NMFS

32.2 MMC

70 96 88 Navv

Guadalupe Fur Seal:

Pooulation Studies (13.3) (13 .3) (16.7) NMFS

Antarctic Seals:

Population Studies 125.8 115.5 50.3 97 NSF

Bio10"" 64.3 15.2 241.1 172.7 89 70.4 171.7 252.2 NSF

Arctic Seals:

Population Studies 18.3 (20.6) NMFS

9.7 Sea Grant

78 157 85 BLM

Biology 7 MMC

55 Sea Grant

136 201.1 237.6 212 281.6 BLM

38.8 NSF

Hawaiian Monk Seal: 60.9 MMC

Population Assess- 55 38.2 52.3 52 31.2 50.9 31 FWS

ment (13.3) (13.3) (16.71 3 38.3 NMFS

Biolo"" 34.1 25.8 34.9 MMC

Gray Seal:

Population Studies (5.2) 10.2 MMC

2.3 1.3 NMFS

Bioloov 90 110 10 30 Navv

Harbor Seal: 53.7 Sea Grant

Population Studies (5.3) 27 33.5 17; 7 5.2 23.5 MMC

6 6 6 6 31 6 NPS

3 11.5 39.4 3.5 NMFS

Biology •• 3 8.6 2.8 I MMC

65 60 (50) 50 Br.'!

25 Navy

36.3 NMFS
SPECIAL RESEARCH

15

FUNDING

ISSUED (Cont.) 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 A~F"ry

Northern Elephant Seal:

Population Studies (13.3) (13.3) (16.7) 4.1 NMFS

Biology' 27.9 25.9 27.2 33.1 31.8 41.2 0.2 NSF

10 5.3 NMC

3.5 51. 7 DRRS

California Sea Lion:

Population Studies 7 82.5 NMFS

Biology 37.2 9.3 200 USDA

40 35 37 74 110 47 Navy

29.3 64.7 HEW

50 NSF

2 12.2 MMC

Steller Sea Lion:

Population Studies 57.1 45.5 155 148 95 BLM

34.9 NMFS

Walrus:

Population Studies (160) !u2.8 141. 6 52 141.8 31.8 • ~9 FWS

130.3 BLM

5 MMC

Biology 17.6 27.3 Sea Grant

38.7 48.4 20 MMC

Manatees & Dugonq:

Population Studies (60) 100 (143.8) 159.7 236.6) 290.3) (265.7) (300) FWS

50 NASA

0.5 3 NPS

0.8 109 MMC

144~ 3* BLM

Biology 19.2 (30) (30) (30) (127.2) 45 (52) FWS

44 122 Ar1nv

Polar Bear:

Population Studies (45) 214.3 (401) (303.1) (223.1) 251 (140.8) (200) FWS

Biology 35.7 (50) (50) (50) 50) (54) FWS

(150) 22.6 6.3 NSF

Sea Otter:

Population Studies (45) (125) 157.2 151.9 352.1 (530.4) (400) (185.2) FWS

21.1 BLM

.Biology 13.5 27.3 HEW

15.3 103.2 40.6 49.9 16 MMC

18.3 28 30 30 30 20 OCE

23.3 27.5 (28) (189.8) 200 FWS

59 BLM

Amounts indicated in parentheses are estimated subunits of totals reported by agencies under

more general categories

·Pilot Study: Only 5-10\ was for study of manatees.
16

II. RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER AUTHORITY

OF THE MARINE Mh~ PROTECTION ACT OF 1972

The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA) established the

Marine Mammal Commission and distributed marine mammal protection

and conservation responsibilities to the Secretary of Commerce and

the Secretary of the Interior, including the agencies under their

purview. The Act acknowledged the need for further information

and encouraged research; some responsibilities for research and

its implementation were designated in Sections 108, 109, 111, 112,

202, and 205. Table 7 is a list of annual funding authorized under

the various sections of the Act, the amounts requested by agencies

pursuant to the Act, and amounts appropriated by Congress. Additional federal funds have been spent in activities related to marine

mammals; the additional sources and amounts of research funding

are shown in Table 8 and Figure 2. The number of personnel assigned

to marine mammal research verses administrative responsibilities

within the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service from FY73 through FY8l are listed in Table 9.
17

RESEARCH RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL

AGENCIES UNDER THE l1ARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

Congress, in developing the Marine Mammal Protection Act,

recognized that there was inadequate knowledge of the ecology

and population dynamics of marine mammals as well as of other

factors important for marine mammal protection and conservation.

The Act, therefore, specified certain research and study responsibilities for the Department of Commerce, Department of Interior,

and the Marine Mammal Commission.

The Secretary of Commerce was directed to undertake, in consultation with the Marine Mammal Commission, a study of the North

Pacific fur seals to determine whether herds of such seals, subject

to the jurisdiction of the United States, are presently at their

optimum sustainable population and what population trends are evident. The Secretary was also to undertake a comprehensive study

in consultation with the Secretary of State, to determine what

modifications, if any, should be made to the provisions of the

North Pacific Fur Seal Convention, or of the Marine Mammal Protection Act, or both, to make the Convention and the Act consistent with each other. These studies were to be completed by 21

October 1973 [Sec. 108 (b) (1) ].

The Secretary of Commerce was also directed to immediately

undertake a program of research and development for the purpose

of devising improved fishing methods and gear so as to reduce to

the maximum extent practicable the incidental taking of marine

mammals in connection with commercial fishing. For purposes of

this research, Congress authorized the sum of $1,000,000 to be

appropriated for both FY 73 and FY 74. Funds appropriated for this

research remain available until expended [Sec. lll(al].

Both the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Interior

are authorized by the Act to make grants to each state whose laws

and regulations relating to protection and management of marine

mammals which primarily inhabit waters or lands within the boundaries

of that state are found to be consistent with the purposes and policies of the Act. The purpose of such grants shall be to assist

such states in developing and implementing state programs for the

protection and management of such marine mammals. Such grants are

not to exceed 50 per centum of the costs of a particular program's

development and implementation [Sec. 109(bl].

The Secretaries are also authorized to make, after review by

the Marine Mammal Commission, grants to any federal or state agency,
18

public or private institution, or other person to enable research

on topics relevant to the protection and conservation of marine

mammals. Authorized to be appropriated for these grants in FY73

and for each of the next four fiscal years was an amount not to

exceed $2,5000,000--one-third of the sum to be available to the

Secretary of Interior and two-thirds of the Secretary of Commerce

[Sec. 110 (a) (b) (c)].

The Secretaries, as appropriate, are directed to review

annually the operation of each program in which the united States

participates involving the taking of marine mammals on land [Sec.

112 (d)]. The secretaries are required by the Act to report annually to the public and to the Congress on the current status of

all marine mammal species and population stocks subject to the

provision of the Act [Sec. 103 (f)].

The Marine Mammal Commission established under section 201 of

the Act was directed in Section 202(a) to:

1. Undertake a review and study of the activities of the

United States pursuant to existing laws and international conventions relating to marine mammals, including, but not limited to, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, the Whaling

Convention Act of 1949, the Interim Convention on

the Conservation of North Pacific Fur seals, and the

Fur Seal Act of 1966;

2. Conduct a continuing review of the condition of the

stocks of marine mammals, of methods for their

protection and conservation, of humane means of

taking marine mammals, of research programs conducted under authority of the Act, and of all applications for permits; and

3. Undertake or cause to be undertaken such other studies

as it deems necessary or desirable in connection with

its assigned duties as to the protection and conservation of marine mammals.

The Act gave the Commission access to all studies and data

compiled by federal agencies regarding marine mammals. With the

consent of the appropriate Secretary or agency head, the Commission may also utilize the facilities or services of any federal

agency and shall take every feasible step to avoid duplication of

research and to carry out the purposes of the Act [Sec. 205].
TABLE 7

FEDERAL FUNDING UNDER THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

AUTHORIZEDa REQUESTEDb APPROPRIATEDc

Sec Sec Sec Sec Total Sec Sec Sec Sec Total Sec Sec Sec Sec Total

109 110 114 207 109 110 114 207 109 110 114 ~07

Department of

Conunerce (NMFS)

FY73 1000' 1667 2000 - 4667 375' - 1090 - 1465

FY74 1000' 1667 2000 - 4667 900' - 4400 - 5300 - 250 1350 - 1600

FY75 - 1667 2000 - 3667 - 250 2300 - 2550 - 250 1350 - 1600

FY76 - 1667 2000 - 3667 - 250 2300 - 2550 - 1100 1697 - 2797

FY77 - 1667 3000 - 4667 - 1667 3272 - 4939 - 1667 2778 - 4445

FY78 - 200 11500 - 11700 - - 4872 - 4872 - - 4872 - 4872

FY79 225 2700 8500 - 11425 - 200 6842 - 7042 - 200 6842 - 7042

FY80 225 2700 9000 - 11925 - 100 6628 - 6728 - 100 7128 - 7228

FY81 225 2700 9500 - 12425 - 100 7775 - 7875 - 100 6980 - 7080

FY82 - - 7223 - 7223 - - 6821 - 6821 - - 6821 - 6821

Department of

Interior (FWS)

FY73 - 833 700 - 1553 - 100 700 - 800 - 0 0 - 0

FY74 - 833 525 - 1358 - 400 300 - 700 - 400 300 - 700 .....

-a ~'Y75 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY76 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY77 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY78 - 1200 850 - 2050 - 833 525 - 1358 - 950 589 - 1539

FY79 400 1300 650 - 2350 - 1000 600 - 1600 400 1000 600 - 2000

FY80 400 1500 760 - 2660 400 1000 600 - 2000 400 1000 600 - . 2000

FY81 400 2100 876 - 3376 400 1000 600 - 2000 400 1000 600 - 2000

FY82 - 1000 600 - 1600 - 1000 600 - 1600 - 1000 600 - 1600

Marine Manunal

Conunission

FY73 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 0 0 - - - 0 0

FY74 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 825 825 - - - 412 412

FY75 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 750 750

FY76 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 900 900

FY77 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000

~'Y78 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 900 900 - - - 900 900

FY79 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 702 702 - - - 702 702

FY80 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 640 640 - - - 940 940

FY81 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 940 940

r'Y82 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 734 734

*Section III funds aAuthorized under sections of the Act

bRequested funding of the agencies

cFunds subsequently appropriated by Congress
TABLE 8 20

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE ~~L RESEARCH

OTHER THAN THOSE APPROPRIATED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

NOAA/National Marine

Fisheries Service Source

FY73 NMFS Reprogramming

NOAA Reserve

Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY74 Fur Seal Act Authorization

Reprogramming and Reserve

FY75 Fur Seal Act Authorization

NOAA Reserve

FY76 Fur Seal Act Authorization

NHFS Reprogramming

TQ76 Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY77 Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act

Authorization

Saltonstall-Kennedy Reserve

FY78 Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act

Authorization

FY79 Endangered Species Act

Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY80 Endangered Species Act

Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY81 Endangered Species Act

Fur Seal Act Authorization

DOl/Fish and

Wildlife Service

Amount

300

424

309

309

295

395

442

595

59

148

595

294

78

595

294

132

595

1428.4

595

775

595

FY73

FY74

FY75

FY76

TQ76

FY77

FY78

FWS Appropriation 149

FW·S Appropriation 49

FWS Appropriation 75

FWS Appropriation 67.2

FWS Appropriation 16.1

FWS Appropriation 16

Endangered Species Act

Authorization 93.7
21

TABLE 8 (Cont.)

NOAA/National I~rine

Fisheries Service Source

FY79 Endangered Species Act

Authorization

FY80 Endangered Species Act

Authorization

FWS Appropriation

Amount

213.1

162

82.2

FY81 Endangered Species Act

Authorization 521. 7
FIGURE 2

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE NAMMAL RESEARCH

BY 'I'HE NATIONAL NARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND

THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

FY73-FYBI

(Thousands of Dollars)

5100 _

4800 _

4500 _

4200 -

3900 -

3600 -

3300 -

3000 -

2700 -

2400 -

2100 -

1800 -

1500 -

[]

D

Funds under authority of MMPA

Funds other than appropriated

under authority of MMPA

I

N

'N

1200 -

900 -

600 -

300 -

I

.!Il/!Il/!/ll!/!i

1111111111111111

I

::;:~:;:;:;:~:~::

NMFS FWS

FY73

NMFS FWS

FY74

NMFS FWS

FY75

NMFS F~IS

FY76*

N~lFS FWS

FY77

NMFS F\~S

FY78

NMFS F\~S

F'Y79

NMFS FWS

FY80

NHFS FHS

FY81

*FY76 data include transition quarter (July-September 1976)
23

TABLE 9

NUMBER OF PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO MARINE MAMMAL

ADMINISTRATIVE AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN

THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, FY73- FY81·

National Marine

Fisheries Service

Personnel** 73 74 75 76 TQ76 77 78 79 80 81

Administrative

(Included

enforcement)

Research

NMFS Total

Fish and Wildlife

Service Personnel***

11

23

34

28

26

54

28

33

61

42

31

73

49

29

78

7

17

24

8

20

28

86.5 33.5

48.9 60.7

135.4 166.1 94.2

Administrative

Research

FWS Total

? 12.1 14.1 15.2

2.6 6.0 11.0 11.8

2.6+ 18.1 25.1 27.0

•••• 16.6 17.1 20.3 24.6 23.3

•••• 14.8 13.2 17.2 17.4 17.8

•••• 31.4 30.3 37.5 42.0 41.1

*Figures provided by the Agencies

**The National Marine Fisheries Service changed their method of reporting

at least twice--once in FY77 (to number of personnel) and again in FY79

(to permanent employee man-years).

***Reported in man-years

****Man-years maintained at 24% of the FY76 level.
24

III. APPENDIX A

PUBLICATIONS IDENTIFIED BY AGENCIES AS

SOURCES OR PENDING SOURCES OF

MARINE MAMMAL INFORMATION FROM FU}TDED RESEARCH

Department of Commerce

--National Marine Fisheries Service

Administrative reports of the various fisheries centers

Marine Mammal Division - Annual Report on Fur Seal

Investigations

Fishery Bulletin (NMFS, NOAA, Department of Commerce)

Marine Fisheries Review (NMFS, NOAA, Department of

Commerce)

Journal of Mammalogy

International Whaling Commission Annual Reports

Journal Fisheries Research Board of Canada (Canadian

Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences)

Proceedings of the Second Conference on the

Biology of Marine Mammals

NOAA Technical Reports/NMFS Scientific Reports-Fisheries

Other journals as appropriate

--National Sea Grant College Program

Marine Mammal Information

--NOAA/OCSEAP reports (see Bureau of Land Management below)

Department of Defense

--Department of the Air Force

Headquarters Space Division Technical Report

Space Shuttle Final Environmental Impact

Statement

--Department of the Navy

Naval Ocean systems Center Technical Reports

Marine Fisheries Review

Annals of New York Academy of Science

Fishery Bulletin

Vision Research

Cetology

Deep-Sea Research

Journal Acoustical Society of America

American Journal of Veterinary Research

Science

Arctic
25

--Department of the Navy (Cont.)

Journal of wildlife Diseases

Miscrobios Letters

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural

History

Journal of Mamrnalogy

Contributions of edited books

Department of Energy

Progress reports on projects

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Ecological Monographs

wildlife Society Bulletin

Environmental Conservation

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Department of the Interior

--Bureau of Land Management

NOAA/OCSEAP Annual Reports

NOAA/OCSEAP Final Reports

NOAA/OCSEAP Lease Area Synthesis Reports

other reports available through National Technical

Information Service

--Fish and Wildlife Service

North America Fauna Series

U.S. Department of the Interior,

Fish and Wildlife Service

wildlife Research Reports

U.S. Fish and wildlife Service,

National Fish and Wildlife

Laboratory Reports

--Geological Survey

Systematic Zoology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to

Paleobiology

Geological Survey Professional Papers

Publications of the Charleston Museum

--National Park Service

Project reports to National Park Service
26

Department of State

Project reports available through National

TechnIcal Information Service

EIS: possible Regime for Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources

IWC Scientific Reports

Marine Mammal Commission

Reports available through the National

Technical Information Service

Smithsonian Institution

Fishery Bulletin

Journal of Mammalogy

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Systematic Zoology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Paleobiology

Florida State Museum, Plaster Jacket

Contributions to edited books
27

IV. APPENDIX B

LISTING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROJECTS,

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS, AND FUNDING LEVEL

FOR FY80 AND FY81*

COMPILED FROM INFORMATION PROVIDED

THE MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION

BY EACH AGENCY

AND SUPPLEMENTED

WITH INFORMATION FROM THE

SMITHSONIA1'1 SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHAl'lGE (SSIE)

*For a listing of projects for the period FY70-FY79, see Waring,

G. H., 1981, Survey of federally-funded marine mammal research

and studies, FY70-FY79, U. S. Dept. Commerce, National Technical

Information Service PB81-174336. 235p.
28

Department of Agriculture

Gelberg, H. (Plum Island Animal Disease Center)

FY80

Comparative Swine and Pinniped

Pathology of Swine Vesicular Exanthema

and San Miguel Sea Lion Viruses

FY81

Forrester, D. J. (D. Florida)

Epizootiology of Parasites of Wildlife

in Florida--Pilot Whale (FL-VY - 0 1851)

Department of Commerce

1. National Marine Fisheries Service

A. Northeast Fisheries Center

FYSO

$ ?

$ 10K

Austin, H. M. (Virginia Institute of Marine Sci. )

Distribution and Abundance of

Bottlenose Dolphins in the Nearshore

Waters of Virginia (NASOFA-D8) $ 9.9K

Gilbert, J. R. (D. Maine)

Impact of Harbor Seal Populations

on New England Fisheries (NA80FA-C29) $36.7K

Katona, S. K. (College of the Atlantic)

Creating and Maintaining a Catalog

of Individually Identified Humpback

Whales (NA80FA-D6) $23.4K

Mayo, C. A. III (Provincetown Center of

Coastal Studies)

Summary of Recent Observations from

Whale- Watching Boats off Provincetown,

Massachusetts (NA80FA-D3) $ 4.9K
29

Powers, K. D. (Man01uet Bird Observatory)

Development and Supervision of an

Oceanic Marine Mam.m.al Observer

Training Program (NA80FA-D4) $24.7K

Powers, K. D. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Habitat U sage by Harbor Seals at Winter

Haul-Out Site in Cape Cod Bay (NA80FA-D5) $ 9.4K

Prescott, J. H. (New England Aquarium)

Characterization of Habitat and Distribution; an Estimate of Population Size; and

an Assessment of the Impact of Human

Activities on the Harbor Porpoise

(NA80FA-D9)

Prescott, J. H. (New England Aquarium)

An Assessment of the Distribution and

Relative Abundance of Large Cetaceans

in the Western Approaches to the Bay

of Fundy (NA80FA- C48)

Prescott, J. H. (New England Aquarium)

Organize and Convene a Workshop on

Humpback Whales of the Western North

Atlantic in Fall 1980 (NA80FA-C55)

Prescott, J. H. (New England Aquarium)

Investigation of Harbor Seal Mortality

and Determination of the Infectious Agent

in the New England Region (NA80FA-H9)

Schurman, V. R (Cape Cod Museum of

Natural History)

A Report on the Grey Seal Population at

Nantucket, Massachusetts (NA80FB-A229)

Sears, R. (Mingan Island Cetacean Study,

Falmouth)

Behavioral and Distribution of Cetaceans

on the North Shore of the Gulf of St.

Lawrence (NA80FB -A241)

Stangroom, R. (Kendall Whaling Museum,

Sharon)

Compilation of Biological Data from 19th

Century Whaling Logbooks and Journals

(NA80FA~D2)

$45 K

$20.7K

$15.7K

$30 K

$ 2.3K

$ 2.5K

$ 5 K
30

FY8I

Conlogue, G. and J. Ogden (Yale D.)

Radiographing Harbor Seal Flippers

as a Method of Determining Age

(NA- 81-FB -A-00230)

Gilbert, J. (D. Maine)

Harbor Seal Population Estimation

and Marine Mammai/Fisheries

Interactions (NA- 80-FA- C - 00029)

Coordinate Winter Census of Harbor

Seals, Block Is. to Eastport, ME

(amendment to above)

Katona, S. (College of the Atlantic)

Maintaining and Improving the

Humpback Whale Fluke Catalog

(NA- 81-FA-C -00027)

Mattila, D.

Humpback Whale Fluke Identification

Off the NW Coast of Puerto Rico

(NA- 81-FA-D-00003)

Nichols, G., H. Winn and J. Lien

(Ocean Research and Education Society,

Boston)

Support of Steering Com.m.ittee to

Establish International Consortium for

Humpback Whale Research

(NA- 81-FB -A-00221)

Powers, K. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Implementation of Marine Observer

Program Aboard NMFS Ships

(NA- 81-FA-C -00023)

Prescott, J. (N ew England Aquarium)

The North Atlantic Right Whale in

the Lower Bay of Fundy

(NA- 81-FA-C- 00030)

Winter Aerial Survey of the Bay of

Fundy (amendment of above)

$ 1. 5K

$45.9K

$ 3.5K

$47. IK

$ 9.2K

$ 2 K

$41. 2K

$25.3K

$ 2.5K
31

Schurman, V. (Cape Cod Museum of Natural

History)

Population Survey of Grey Seals at

Nantucket Isiand, MA

(NA-81-FB -A-00282)

Weinrich, M. (Gloucester Fishermen's

Museum)

Behavior and Ecology of Humpback

Whales Off Gloucester, MA

(NA-81-A-00231)

B. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center,

National Marine Mammal Laboratory

FY80

Braham, H. (NMML)

Arctic Whales--Bowhead (NWC-59)

DeLong, R. and R. Everitt (NMML &<

Wash. Dept. of Game)

Washington-Oregon Marine Mammal/

Fisheries Interactions (NWC-53)

Fiscus, C. and R. DeLong (NMML)

Pinnipeds (NWC-53)

Fowler, C. W. and A. Roppel (NMML)

Northern Fur Seal Population

(NWC-3)

Gentry, R. (NMML)

Fur Seal Studies--St. George

(NWC_51)

Jones, L. (NMML)

Dall's Porpoise Investigations

(NWC-4)

Kajimura, H. (NMML)

Marine Mammal Ecosystem

--Pelagic (NWC-57)

Keyes, M. C. (NMML)

Veterinary Medical Services

(NWC - 56)

$ 1. 3K

$ 2.1K

$737.2K

$176.2K

$ 98.5K

$246 K

$278.4K

$264 K

$132.5K

$ 61. 8K
32

McAlister, W. B. (NMML)

Marine Marrunal-Fishery Interactions

--Bering Sea (NWC-8)

Rice, D. et al. (NMML)

Endangered Cetaceans (NWC-58)

FY81

Braham, H. and B. Krogman (NMML)

Arctic Whales--Bowhead (NWC-059)

DeLong, R. (NMML)

Pinnipeds (including Columbia River

Marine Marrunal/Fishery Interaction Study (NWC-053)

Fowler, C. W. and A. Roppel (NMML)

Northern Fur Seal Population

(NWC -003)

Gentry, R. (NMML)

Fur Seal Studies--St. George

(NWC-051)

Jones, L. and D. Rice (NMML)

Endangered and Small Cetaceans

(including Dall's Porpoise) (NWC-058)

Kajimura, H. (NMML)

Marine Marrunal Ecosystem--Pelagic

(NWC-057)

Keyes, M. C. (NMML)

Veterinary Medical Services

(NWC-056)

McAlister, W. B. and R. DeLong (NMML)

Marine Marrunal/Fishery Interactions--

Bering Sea (NWC-008)

- - -Alaska Region, NMFS

FY81

$155.5K

$340.5K

$765. lK

$148.5K

$152.6K

$287.7K

$433. OK

$132.5K

$ 61. 8K

$155.5K
33

Calkins, D. (Alaska Department of Fish

and Game)

Study of Pinnipeds in Southern

Alaska (8l-ABC-00280)

Hall, J. D. (Solace Enterprises)

Population Studies of Humpback

Whales and Monitoring of Vessel

Traffic in Southwestern Prince

William Sound, Alaska (8l-ABC-00265)

B. Southeast Fisheries Center

FY80

Benigno, J. (SEFC)

Marine Mammals Project Management

(88C4LIKB)

Benigno, J. and R. Ford (SEFC)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamic s

(88C4LIKC)

Benigno, J. and R. Ford (SEFC)

Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle

Stranding and Salvage Network

(88C4LIKG)

Benigno, J. and R. Gracy (SEFC)

Tursiops Population Analysis

FY81

Benigno, J. (SEFC)

Marine Mammal Project Management

--Tursiops (88C4LIKB)

Ford, R. Jr. (SEFC)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics

(88C4LIKC)

Marine Mammal Stranding/Salvage

Network (88C4LIKN)

Gracy, R. and J. Powers (SEFC)

Tursiops Population Survey and

Analysis J88C4LIKD)

$ 69.7K

$ 14.4K

$ 51. 8K

$105 K

$ 20 K

$105 K

$ 56.8K

$118 K

$ 30 K

$ 47 K
34

D. Southwest Fisheries Center

FY80

Gil:martin, W. (SWFC)

Hawaiian Monk Seal

Perrin, W., D. Au, and J. Henderson

(SWFC)

Assessnlent of Coastal Marine Ma=als

for Managenlent

(California Fish and Ganle)

Assessnlent of Conflicts Between Marine

Manlnlals and Fisheries in California

Waters ($74K) *[Additional $65K funded

by Southwest Region of NMFS]

Perrin, W., J. Coe, and W. Stunz (SWFC)

Marine Manlnlal Technology, Behavior

and Physiology

Perrin, W., A. Myrick and J. Jennings

(SWFC)

Marine Ma=al Biological Studies

Snlith, T., R. Holt and D. Au (SWFC)

Porpoise Stock Assessnlent

Snlith, T., C. Oliver and N. Lo (SWFC)

Quantitative Analysis and Data

Managenlent

FY81

DeMaster, D. P. (SWFC)

Assessnlent of Coastal Marine Ma=als

for Managenlent (096)

Perrin, W. F. (SWFC)

Marine Ma=al Technology, Behavior

and Physiology (010)

Research on the Biology of Dolphins

for Stock Assessnlent (011)

$138.3K

$111. 5K

$ (65K)*

$433. lK

$382.4K

$676.9K

$346.9K

$176.lK

$303.6K

$430.2K
35

Smith, T. D. (SWFC)

Assessment of Dolphin Populations

for Management (008)

Marine Mammal Mortality Monitoring

and Data Management (057)

--Southwest Region, NMFS

FY81

Miller, D. (C alifornia Department of

Fish and Game)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interaction

Study (80-JG-054)

2. NOAA/OCSEAP (See Department of Interior--BLM)

3. National Sea Grant College Program

FY80

Cicin-Sain, B. (U. California, San Diego

Marine Mammals/Fisheries Conflicts:

Emphasis on Sea Otter/Shellfish

Conflicts in Callfornia

Mate, B. B. (Oregon State U.)

Population Growth and Feeding Habits

of Harbor Seals in an AquaculturalEnhanced Environment

FY81

$615 K

$246.7K

$142.4K

$ 6 K

$ 53.7K

Cicin-Sain, B. (U. California, Santa Barbara)

Marine Mammal/Fisheries Conflicts:

Emphasis on Sea Otter/Shellfish

Fishery Conflicts (NA80AA-D-00120A) $ 5.1K

Mate, B. R. (Oregon State U.)

Seal Exclusion System

(NA81AA-D-00086)

4. North Pacific Fishery Management Council

FY80

$ 30 K
36

Fay, F. H. and L. F. Lowry (D. Alaska and

Alaska Department of Fish and Game)

Seasonal D se and Feeding Habits of

Walruses in the Proposed Bristol Bay

Clam Fishery Area

FY81

Calkins, D., L. Lowry and K. Frost

(Aiaska Department of Fish and Game)

Compilation and Evaiuation of Data on

Feeding Habits and Food Requirements

of Marine Mammals in the Bering Sea

(81-4)

Department of Defense

1. Air Force (Headquarters Space Division)

FY80

Jehl, J. R. and R. Schreiber (HubbsSea World Research Institute)

Effects of Loud Impulse Noises in

Causing Startle Behavior and/or

Panic Responses in Pinnipeds

FY81

Jehl, J., C. Cooper and B. Stewart

(San Diego State D. and Hubbs-Sea

Worid Research Institute)

Field Studies of Pinniped Populations

Likely to be Affected by Sonic Boom

from the Spac e Shuttle

2. Army (Corps of Engineers)

FY80

Bengston, J. (D. Minnesota)

St. John's River Manatee Project

Study

Haller, W. T. (D. Florida)

Herbicide Residues in Crystal River

$ 97. 2K

$ 28.9K

$ 15 K

$ 79.2K

$ 44 K

$ 78 K
37

FY8l

None

3. Navy

A. Naval Ocean Systems Center

FY80

Bowers, C. A. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Capabillties

(Delphinapterus) (MM015l0C)

Gilmartin, W. G. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding

(Tursiops) (MM025l0B)

Gilmartin, W. G. and S. H. Ridgway (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Medical Research and

Animal Health (MMO l5l0N)

Hui, C. A. (NOSC)

Dolphin Bioenergetics (Delphinus)

(MM025l0H)

Nachtigall, P. E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Behavioral and Biosonar

Research (Tursiops) (MM015l0K)

Nachtigal!, P. E. (NOSC)

Tursiops Directional Hearing

(MM025l0D)

Ridgway, S. H. (NOSC)

Neurophysiological Research

(Tursiops) (ZS395l0A)

$350 K

$ 95 K

$405 K

$ 79 K

$600 K

$ 60 K

$143 K

I
38

Schusterman, R. Y. (California State U.,

Hayward)

Pinniped Behavioral Evaluation

(Zalophus) (MM025l0E)

Scronce, B. (NOSC)

Sea Lion Training Evaluation:

Wild Caught vs. Captive Born

(Zalophus) (MMOl5l0T)

FY8l

Bowers, C. A. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Capabilities

(MM015llC) (Delphinapterus)

Hughes, T. W. (NOSC)

Dolphin Hydrodynamics

(MM025llT)

Johnson, W. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding

(MM025llB)

Nachtigall, P. E. (NOSe)

Dolphin Behavioral Research

(MMO l5llK)

Rldgway, S. H. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Medical Research

8< Animal Health (MM01511N)

Neurophysiological Research

(ZS39511A)

B. Office of Naval Research

FY80

Altes, R. (Oricon Corp.)

Computer and Mathematical Analysis

of Dolphin Whistles SSIE

$ 27 K

$220 K

$525 K

$150 K

$100 K

$600 K

$211 K

$143 K

$ 5.9K
39

Cummings, W. D. (D. California, San

Diego)

Distribution and Identification of Low

Frequency Biological Noises in the

Ocean SSIE

Evans, W. E. (Hubbs Sea World Research

Inst. )

Research on Small Pacific Ocean

Cetaceans (NR083-l02-3l)

Gilmartin, W. G. (NOSC)

Martin Mammal Bionosis (NR-204-008)

Malins, D. C. and D. Varanasi (Seattle D.)

The Biochemistry of Lipids Peculiar

to Organs and Tissue of Cetaceans and

Involved in Sound Transmission SSIE

Mate, B. (0 regan State D. )

The Distribution of Cetaceans (Gray

Whale) (NR-083-l02-3l)

$ 35 K

$ 10 K

$ 30 K

$ l8.9K

$ 37 K

Schusterman, R. (California State D ••

Hayward)

Marine Mammal Acoustics (California

sea lion and northern fur seal)

(NR-l04-l3l) $ 66 K

Vedros, N. A. (Naval Biosciences Lab.)

Marine Mammal Diseases and Immunity

(NR- 204- 00 1) $ 85 K

Wartzok. D. and G. C. Ray (Johns Hopkins D.)

Marine Mam.rnal Behavior" Acoustics and

Ecology (spotted seal and harbor seal)

(NR-l04-676) $ 25 K

Watkins, W. A. and W. E. Schevill

(Woods Hoie Oceanographic Inst.)

Marine Biological Sounds (NR083-004-39) $126 K

Winn, H. E. (D. Rhode Island)

Bioacoustics and Behavior of Marine

Mammals (Humpback Whale)

(NR-083-l65-4) $ 24 K
40

Evans, W. E. (HLlbbs-Sea World

Research Institute)

Research on Small Pacific Ocean

Cetaceans (NR-I04-157)

Mate, B. (Oregan State U.)

The Distribution of Cetaceans

(NR083-102-31)

Ridgway, S. H. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Bionosis

(NR204- 008)

Schusterman, R. J. (C alifornia State

U., Hayward)

Marine Mammal Visual and

Acoustical Capabilities (NR 104-131)

Vedros, N. A. (Naval Biosciences Lab.)

Marine Mammal Diseases and

Immunity (NR204- 00 1)

Watkins, W. A. & W. E. Schevill (Woods

Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Marine Biological Sounds (NR083-004-39)

Winn, H. E. (U. Rhode Island)

Bioacoustics and Behavior of Marine

Mammals (Humpback Whales)

(NR083-165-4)

Department of Energy

FY80

Tester, J. R. and D. B. SinHf

(U. Minnesota)

Vertebrate Behavior and Ecology

(sea otter) (DE-ACOZ-76EVO 1332)

FY81

Tester, J. R. and D. B. SinHf

(U. Minnesota)

Vertebrate Behavior and Ecology

(sea otter) (DE-ACOZ-76EVO 1332)

(no funds

extension)

$ 9 K

$ 25 K

$ 70 K

$ 97 K

$101. 6K

(no funds

extension)

$ 30 K

$ 20 K
41

Departlnent of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health

FY80

Atassi, M. Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Immunochemical Studies on Hemoglobin and Myoglobin (whales)

Bryan, W. P. (IndianaD. School of

Medicine)

The Role of Water in Protein Structure

and Function (whales, human)

Elsner, R. W. (D. Alaska)

Comparative Pathophysiology of

Myocardial Ischemia (dog, seals)

Gurd, F. R. (Indiana D.)

Structure and Reactivity of Proteins

and Lipoproteins (human, cetaceans,

etc. )

Gurd, F. R. (Indiana U.)

Specific Enrichment of Myoglobins

for Carbon 13 NMR (cetaceans)

Hawkridge, F. M. (Virginia Commonwealth U.)

Electron Transfer at Surface Electrodes (horse, whales)

Howard, E. B. (U. Southern California)

Toxicologic, Immunologic Effect of

Environmental Contamination

(marine mammals)

Kooyman, G. L. (U. California, San

Diego)

Physiological Basis of Pulmonary

Disease: Comparative Physiology

(vertegrates)

Ortiz, C. L. (U. California, Santa

Cruz)

Northern Elephant Seal in its Natural

Habitat .

$ 89. lK

$ 47.4K

$ 85.2K

$147.3K

$ 78 K

$ 38.3K

$ 17. lK

$ 56.6K

$ 43.5K
42

FY81

Atassi, M. Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Immunochemical Studies on

Hemogiobin and Myoglobin (whaies)

(5RO lAM18920-06)

Bryan, W. P. (Indiana D. School of

Medicine)

The Role of Water in Protein Structure and Function (whales, human)

(5RO IGM27036- 02)

Elsner, R. W. (D. Alaska)

Comparative Pathophysio iogy of

Myocardiai Ischemia (dog, seal)

(5RO IHL23950-03)

Fathman, C. G. (Stanford D.)

Antigen Reactive T Cell Clones:

Isolation and Character ization

(whales) (IRO lAIl8705-0 1)

Gurd, F. R. (Indiana D.)

Structure and Reactivity of

Proteins and Lipoproteins

(cetacea) (5ROIHL05556-22)

Specific Enrichment of Myogiobins

for Carbon 13 NMR (cetacea)

(5RO lHL14680-10)

Hawkridge, F. M. (Virginia Commonweaith D.)

Electron Transfer at Surface

Electrodes (horse, whales)

(5RO IGM27208- 02)

Howard, E. B. (D. Southern California)

Toxicologic, Immunologic Effects of

Environmental Contamination (cetacea)

(5P30ESO 1965-04)

Kooyman, G. L. (D. California, San Diego)

Physiological Basis of Pulmonary

Disease (seals, sea lions, porpoises)

(5POIHLl7731-07)

$ 93.3K

$ 44.1K

$ 91. 2K

$101.4K

$151. 6K

$ 84. lK

$ 36.9K

$ 13.3K

$ 68.8K
43

Ogden, J. A. (Yale U. )

Normal and Abnormal Postnatal

Skeletal Development (whales)

(5RO lHD 10854-05)

Ortiz, C. L. (U. California, Santa

Cruz)

The Physiology of Fasting in Young

Northern Elephant Seals

(2S06RR08132-07)

Department of the Interior

L Bureau of Land Management

FY80

Albert, T. (U. Maryland)

Tissue Analysis of Endangered Whales

in the Beaufort Sea (AA851-CTO-22)

Braithwaite, L. (B righam Young U. )

The Effect of Oil on the Feeding

Mechanism of the Bowhead Whale

(AA851-CTO-55)

Dohl, T. P. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Marine Mammal and Seabird Study of

Cental and Northern California

Fraker, M. and J. Richardson (LGL

Ecological Research Associates)

Possible Effects of Acoustic and Other

Stimuli Associated with Oil and Gas

Exploration/Development on the

Behavior of the Bowhead Whale

(AA851-CTO-44)

Fritts, T. H. (U. S. Fish and Wildlife

Service)

Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic

Endangered Species Study, Year 1

(AA851-MUO- 21)

$ 19.7K

$ 5L4K

$350 K

$ 44. 1K

$2,442.8K

$590 K

$494.9K
44

Geraci, J. R. and D. J. St. Aubin

(U. Guelph)

Study of the Effects of Oil on Marine

Mammals (AA851-CT9-29)

Hobbs, L. (Marine Mammal Tagging Office)

Deveiopment of Large Cetacean Tagging

and T racking Capability in OCS Lease

Areas (AA851-IAO-32)

Linder, E., B. Gayles, S. Johnson,

P. Thompson (Naval Ocean Systems

Center)

Study of the Effects of Sound on Marine

Mammals (AA851-IAO- 5)

Ljungbiad, D. (Naval Ocean Systems

Center)

Aerial Surveys of Bowhead Whales,

North Slope of Alaska (AA851-IAO-l)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

Monitoring the Movements of Whales

in and Adjacent to OCS Lease Areas

(AA551-CT9-34)

Watkins, W. (Woods Hole Oceanographic

Inst. )

Effects of Whale Monitoring System

Attachment Devices on Whale Tissues

(AA851-CTO-23)

$ 0

$244.5K

$512.7K

$591 K

$ 25.7K

$ 74.5K

Winn, R., R. Edel and M. Hyman (U. Rhode

Island)

Characterization of Marine Mammals and

Turtles in the North and Mid-Atlantic

Areas of the U.· S. Outer Continental

Shelf (AA551-CT8-48) $ 0

FY81

Fritts, T. H. (USFWS, Belle Chasse, LA)

Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic

Endangered Species Study

(AA851-MUO-21) $500 K
45

Geraci, J. (D. Guelph)

Effects of Oil on Marine Mammals

(AA551-CT9-29)

Hobbs, L. (NMFS, Marine Mammal

Tagging Office)

Development of Large Cetacean

Tagging and Tracking Capability

in OCS Lease Areas (AA85l-IAO-32)

Lindner, E. (Naval Ocean Systems Center)

Effects of Sound on Marine

Mammals (AA851-IAO- 5)

Ljungblad, D. (Naval Ocean System Center)

Aerial Surveys of Endangered Whales--

Northern Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort

Seas (AA851-IA2- 3)

Mate, B. (Oregon State D.)

Development of Large Cetacean

Tagging and Tracking Capability in

OCS Lease Areas (AA85l-CT9-34)

Richardson, J., M. Fraker, B. Wursig,

R. Payne, et al. (LGL Ecological

Research Associates, Inc.)

Possible Effects of Acoustic and

Other Stimuli Associated with Oil

and Gas Exploration/Development

on the Behavior of the Bowhead Whale

(AA851-CTO-44)

Winn, H. (D. Rhode Island)

Characterization of Marine Mammals

and Marine Turtles in the North and

Mid-Atlantic (AA551-CT8-48)

2. BLM/NOAA/OCSEAP

FY80

Calkins, D. and K.Pitcher (Alaska Dept.

Fish 8< Game)

Popuiation Assessment, Ecology and

Trophic Relationships of Steller Sea

Lions in the Gulf of Aiaska (RD243)

$111. 8K

$ 41. 9K

$178.6K

$345.3K

$ 25 K

$741. 4K

$942 K

$ 95 K
46

Fay, F. (U. Alaska)

Morbidity and Mortality of Key

Marine Mammal Species (RU 194)

Jones, L. and H. Braham (National

Marine Mammal Lab. )

Collection and Analysis of NMFS

Marine Mammal Platforms of

Opportunity Data (RU68)

Lowry, L., J. Burns and K. Frost

(Alaska Dept. Fish & Game)

Trophic Relationships, Habitat Use,

Winter Ecology Among Ice-Inhabiting

Phocid Seals and Fllnctionally Related

Marine Mammals in the Arctic (RU232)

Nerini, M. and H. Braham (National

Marine Mammal Lab. )

Feeding Ecology of the Gray Whale in

the Norton Basin (RU593)

Rice, D. and W. Wolman (National

Marine Mammal Lab.)

Habitat Use by Humpback,Gray and

Fin Whales in the Gulf of Alaska

(RU 592)

Taber, A. and H. Braham (National

Marine Mammal Lab.)

Habitat Utilization by the Gray Whale

of Nelson Lagoon, Alaska (RU605)

FY81

Burns, J. J. (Alaska Dept. Fish & Game)

Biological Investigations of Be lukha

Whales in the Coastal Waters of

Alaska (RU 612)

Burns, J. J. (Alaska Dept. Fish & Game)

Investigations of Ice-Dependent

Marine Mammals in the Coastal Zone

During Summer and Autumn (RU613)

$ 82 K

$ 47 K

$ 90 K

$150 K

$300 K

$ 12 K

$ 49.8K

$163.3K
47

Fay, F. H. (U. Alaska)

Modern Populations, Migrations,

Dem.ography, Trophies, and Historical

Status of the Pacific Walrus in Alaska

(RU611)

Hessing, P. (College, Alaska)

Gray Whale Migration Into the

Bering Sea

Jones, L., H. Braham. and L. Consiglieri

(NMFS)

Collection and Analysis of NMFS

Marine Mam.m.al Platform.s of

Opportunity Program. Data (RU68)

Lowry, L. F., J. J. Burns and K. J.

Frost (Alaska Dept. Fish & Gam.e)

Trophic Relationships, Habitat Use,

and Winter Ecology Am.ong IceInhabiting Phocid Seals and Functionally

Related Marine Mam.m.als in the Arctic

(RU232)

N erini, M. and H. Braham. (NMFS)

Feeding Ecology of the Gray

Whale in the Chirikof Basin

(RU593)

3. Fish and Wildlife Service

--Polar Bear

FY80

DeMaster, D. (National Fish and

Wildlife Lab.)

Satellite Tracking of Bears

(904.02.01)

Biological Param.eters of Bears

of Western Beaufort Sea

(904.02.02)

Feasibility of Ecosystem.-Oriented

Studies of Bears in Beaufort Sea

(904.02.03)

$130.3K

$ 9.5K

$ 8. OK

$1l8.3K

$ 48.6K

$190.8K
48

Biology and Ecology of Bears of

Arctic Ocean (904.02.04)

Summer Distribution and Ecology

of Bears (904.02.05)

DeMaster. D. (NFWL) and D. Siniii

(U. Minnesota)

Produce Model to Simulate Population

Dynamics of the Northern Alaska

Polar B ear Population (904.02.06)

Staii (NFWL)

Annual Status Report (904.02.07)

Siniff, D. B. (U. Minnesota)

Development and Field and Lab

Testing of Radio Telemetry Packages and Systems for Polar Bears

(as well as Sea Otters, Walruses,

and Manatees ($67K)

FY81

Amstrup, S. (FWS /DWRC)

Identify Areas Critical for High

Denning Success and General

Movement Patterns of Adult

F ema1es (904.21)

Develop Alternative Techniques

to Capture Free-Ranging Polar

Bears (904.22)

Produce Model that Will Simulate

Population Dynamics of the Northern

Alaska Polar Bear Population (904.23)

Determine Biological Parameters of

Polar Bears of the Western and

Northern Populations (904.24)

Siniii, D. B. (U. Minnesota)

Monitoring Polar Bear Movements

($l3K)

$254 K
49

--Sea Otters and Marine Otter

FY80

Jameson, R. J. (NFWL)

Biology and Management Needs

for Sea Otters in California

(904.03.01)

Estes, J. A. andG. R. VanBlaricom

(NFWL)

Interaction Between Sea Otters and

the Nearshore Community

(904.03.02)

Johnson, A. M. (NFWL)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution,

Abundance and Composition of

Populations of Sea Otters and Other

Marine Mammals in Prince William

Sound, Alaska (904.03.04)

Brownell, R. L. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental

Containments in Sea Otters

(904.03.07)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Report (904.02.08)

Doyle, W. (D. California, Santa Cruz)

Kelp Canopy Interactions in

Monterey Bay ($31K)

Economics of Pismo Clam Fishery

($4. 5K)

San Nicolas Island (California)

Survey for Baseline Data and as

Potential Sea Otter Translocation

Site ($133. 2K)

Hardy, R. A. (California Dept. Fish &

Game)

Sea Otter Mortality Rates and

Causes (E-M-2)

$594.2K
50

Interrelationship Between Sea Otters

and Their Habitat (E-M- 2)

Size, Distribution and Movements of

California's Sea Otter Population

Feasibility of Translocating Sea Otters

FY81

Browne11, R. (FWS /DWR C)

Status of Marine Otter

(904.33)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants in Marine Mammals (904.34)

Dobbin , J. L.

Compilation and Mapping of

Available Biological, Ecological

and Socioeconmnic Info rmation

Relative to the Protection, Management and Restoration of the

Southern Sea Otter

($80K, ESA; $10K, MMC)

Doyie, W. (U. California, SantaCruz)

Ke lp-Canopy Inte ractions in

Monterey Bay ($32K)

San Nicolas Island Survey for

Baseline Data ($121. 2K)

Estes, J. (FWS/DWRC)

Occurrence and Habitat Survey of

Sea Otters in Baja California

(904.35)

Estes, J. and G. Van Blaricom

(FWS/DWRC)

Interactions Between Sea Otters

and the Nearshore Community

(904.32)

Jameson, R. (FWS/DWRC)

Biology and Management Needs for

California Sea Otter (904.31)

$385.2K
51

Johnson, A. (FWS/DWRC)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution,

Abundance and Composition of

Populations of Sea Otters and Other

Marine Mammals at Prince William

Sound, Alaska (904.26) ($49K)

Staff (FWS /DWR C)

Annual Status Reports (904.36)

--Walruses

FY80

DeMaster, D. (NFWL)

Biological Activity of Pacific and

Atlantic Walruses (904.03.06)

Brownell, R. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants in Walruses (904.03.07)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Reports on Pacific

and Atlantic Walruses (904.03.08)

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Round Island Walrus Survey ($17. 7K)

Alaska Regional Office, FWS

Aerial Walrus Survey

FY81

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Round Island Walrus Survey ($14. 7K)

Johnson, A. (FWS/DWRC)

Evaluate Selected Areas for Potential

Use for Population Assessment, Assess

the Size of Populations and Investigate

Hauling Out Patterns (904.25)

$231. 8K

$ 99 K
52

--Hawaiian Monk Seal

FY80

Johnson, A. M. (NFWL)

Biological Studies to Determine

Status of Population (904.03.05)

FY81

Johnson, A. (FWS/DWRC)

Biological Studies to Determine

Status of Hawaiian Monk Seal

(904.27)

--Manatees

FY80

Rathbun, G. B. (NFWL)

Distribution and Status of A 11

Manatee Taxa and Populations

(904.01. 01)

Basic Reproductive and Behavioral

Characteristics of West Indian

Manatees (904.01. 02)

Define Ecosystem Relationships

of the Manatee, and Assess Effects

of Habitat Alterations (904.01. 03)

Determine Causes of Manatee

Mortality, and Study and Salvage

Stranded Manatees and Other

Marine Mammals (904.01. 04)

Influence of Warm Water Effluents

on Manatee Distribution and Movements Arollnd Selected Powerplants

(904.01. 05)

Basic Sensory and Physiological

Parameters of West Indian Manatees

as Related to Technical Needs

(904.01. 06)

Develop Manatee Tagging and Tracking

Technology (904.01. 07)

$ 50.9K

$ 31 K

$319.3K
53

Brownell, R. L. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants in Manatees

(904.01. 08)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Reports (904.01. 09)

Forrester, D. (D. Florida)

Study of Parasites and Diseases

of the West Indian Manatee ($5K)

Doyle, W. (D. California, Santa Cruz)

Evaluation of Existing ManateePropeller Guard Technology

($1. 8K)

SinHf, D. B. (D. Minnesota)

Ecology and Behavior of the West

Indian Manatee in the St. Johns

River, Florida ($40K)

FY81 $352 K

(plus $I8K from MMC)

Florida Marine Patrol

(Florida Department of Natural

Resources)

Aerial Survey Investigations ($8K)

Forrester, D. (D. Florida)

Study of Parasites and Diseases

of the West Indian Manatee ($5K)

Odell, D. K. (D. Miami)

Study of Marine Ecosystems and

Habitats, with Special Reference

to Manatees ($22K)

Packard, J. M. (D. Minnesota)

Abundance, Distribution and Feeding

Areas of Manatees in the Riviera

B each/Hobe Sound Area of Florida

($I8K, MMC)

Rathbun, G. B. (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution and Status of All Taxa

and Populations of Sirenians (904. 11)
54

Basic Reproductive and Behavioral

Characteristics of West Indian

Manatees (904.12)

Define Ecosystenl Relationships of

the Manatee (904. 13)

Causes of Mortality and Salvage

Stranded Manatees and Other

Marine Ma=als (904. 14)

Develop Manatee Tagging and Tracking

Technology (904. 15)

Deternline Parasites and Environnlental Contanlinants in Manatee and

Dugong.(904.16)

Mortality Assessnlent ($15K, ESA)

Staff (FWS/DWRC)

Prepare Annual Status Reports on

Manatee and Dugong (904. 17)

Tabb, D. (Tropical Bio-Industries)

Crystal River Manatee Managenlent

and Research Plan ($25K)

--Dugong

FY80

Brownell, R. L. (NFWL)

Distribution and Status of All

Dugong Populations (904.0 L 01)

Parasites and Environmental

Contaminants in Dugongs

(904.0 L 08)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Report (904.0 L 09)

FY81

Brownell, R. L. (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution and Status of All

Dugong Populations

$ 6.4K

$ 6 K
55

--Marine Mammal Tagging

FY80

Hobbs, L. (NFWL)

Serve as Clearinghouse and Information Center for Marine Mammal

Tagging Operations (904.04.01)

Stimulate Research and Development

of Marine Mammal Tags and Techniques (904.04.02)

Archive Data From Tagging/Marking

Studies (904.04.03)

4. Geological Survey

FY80

Whitmore, F. C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and

Paleogeography, Atlantic and Gulf

Coastal Plain

FY81

Whitmore, F. C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and

Paleogeography, Atlantic and Gulf

Coast Plain

$ 25.5K

$ 30. OK

$ 92. 5K
56

5. National Park Service

FY80

Dean, F. (D. Alaska), C. & V. Jurasz

(Sea Search)

Glacier Bay Humpback Whale Data

Analysis (CK9000-0-E099)

-Everglades National Park, NPS

Manatee Survey

FY81

English, T. S. (D. Washington)

Humpback Whale Prey Study

(9140-0002- 182/81-ABC - 00 116)

Herman, L. M. (D. Hawaii)

Behavioral Study of Humpback

Whales (9140-0002-182 181-ABC - 00 114)

Jurasz, C. & V. (Sea Search, Ltd.)

Humpback Whale Data Purchase

(CX- 9000- 9-E073- C05)

Malme, C. 1. (Bolt, Baranek and

N ewrnan, Inc.)

Acoustic Environment Study

(9140-0002-182/81-ABC-0011S)

Department of State

FY80

Bureau of Oceans and International Environment and

Scientific Affairs

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical

Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

$ 65 K

$ 3. OK

$ 90.SK

$113.5K

$ 3S.9K

$137 K

$592.9K
57

FY81

Gambell, R. (International Whaling

C ommis s ion)

Research Fund for International

Whaling Corn.rn.ission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical

Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

Department of Transportation

Coast Guard, Office of Research and Development

FY80

Naval Ocean Systems Center

Final Report on the Coast Guard Program in Biological Phenomena

FY81

(No projects)

Environmental Protection Agency

FY80 - FY81

(No projects reported)

Marine Mammal Corn.rn.ission

FY80

Ainley, C. and H. Huber (Point Reyes

Bird Observatory)

Analysis of Tagged Elephant Seal

Data Collected on the Farallon

Islands, California (MM180 1125-6)

Cedar C reek Laboratory (U. Minnesota)

Provide Radio Transmitters for Hawaiian

Monk Seal Dive Profile (MM1800944-6)

$ 32.3K

$687. lK

$ 95. OK

$ 5.3K

$ 2.8K
58

Clark, W. (U. Washington)

Continuation of Population Analysis

and Research on Stocks of Great

Whales (MM180 1114-6)

Fish and Wildlife Service

Manatee Recovery Activities

Coordinator (MM1800908-6)

Pilot PrograI!l- -DevelopI!lent of

Site-Specific Research/ManageI!lent

Plans for Areas of Special Significance to the West Indian Manatee

(MM1801024-4)

Initiation of a Study to Assess and

Characterize Food Preference and

Feeding Areas of Manatees in the

Crystal River of Florida

(MM 180 1025- 7)

Johnson, B. & P. Johnson

Evaluation of Hawaiian Monk Seal

Survey and Molt Data Collected and

Laysan Island in 1977-1979

(MM153370 1-4)

Kasuya, T. (Ocean Research Institute)

The Fishery-Dolphin Conflict in

the Iki Island Area of Japan

(MM1533791-7)

Mayo, C. (Provincetown C enter for

Coastal Studies)

Field Observations of Cetacea of

the Provincetown, Massachusetts

Area: 1975-1979 (MM1800925- 5)

National AcadeI!lY of Science

Evaluation of Marine EcosysteI!l

Research in the Antarctic

(MM1800913-2)

National Marine Fisheries Service

Continuation and Expansion of Monk

Seal Population Studies

(MM1800911-6)

$ 42. OK

$ 50. OK

$ 25. OK

$ 18. OK

$ 6.9K

$ 2. OK

$ 9.7K

$ 10. OK

$ 50. OK
59

Workshop to Develop a Monk Seal

Die-Off Response Plan

(MMI800967-9)

Assessm.ent and Monitoring of

Endangered Whales, Harbor

Porpoise, and Other Centaceans

Along the Northeast Coast of the

United States (MMI801023-1)

Workshop on Hum.pback Whales

of the Western North Atlantic

(MMI801038-3)

Analyses of Data Concerning the

Biology, Ecology, Behavior and

Population Dynam.ic s of Monk

Seals in Laysan Island

(MMI801102-3)

Nolan, R. (Ocean Research Consulting

and Analysis, Ltd.)

Review of Available Inform.ation

Concerning the Possible Effects of

a Shark Control Program. on Shark

Populations and Other Com.ponents

of Marine Com.m.unities of the Vicinity of Kure Atoll or Elsewhere in the

Northwest Hawaiian Islands

(MMI801065- 5)

Seaco (Kailua, Hawaii)

Identification and Evaluation of OnGoing and Planned Fisheries In the

Northwest Hawaiian Islands

(MMI801069-7)

State of Florida Departm.ent of Natural

Resources

Workshop for the Education of Florida

Law Enforcem.ent Officers Relating to

Manatees (MM 1800941- 7)

Manatee Advisory Group

(MMI800942-0)

$ 4. OK

$ 65. OK

$ 15. OK

$ 21. OK

$ 4.2K

$ 6.9K

$ 6.8K

$ 4.2K
60

Manatee EdLlcation and Information

Program (MM1801124-3)

Swartzman, G. (U. Washington)

Exploring Interactions Between FLlr

Seal PopLllations and Fisheries in the

Bering Sea (MM1800969-5)

FY81

Fish and Wildlife Service

Compilation and Mapping of Available

Biological, Ecological and Socioeconomic Information Bearing on Protection,

Management and Restoration of the

Southern Sea Otter (MM2079330-0)

Green-Hammond, K. (Ecosystem Modeling,

Inc. )

Requirements for Effective Implementation of the Antarctic Living ResoLlrces

Convention (MM2079173-9)

Preparation for the Fourth Meeting of

the Ad Hoc Group of U. S. Antarctic

Scientists (MM2079349-4)

Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute

Logistic SLlpport Meeting on Alternative Methods of Fishing for Yellowfln

Tuna (MM2079237-2)

National Marine Fisheries Service

Marine Mammal/Fisheries Interactions

in the Columbia River and Adjacent

Waters (MM2079221-7)

Antarctic Minke Whale Assessment

Cruise (MM2079354-6)

Individual Recognition and Assessment

of Right Whales in the Northwest

Atlantic (MM2079355-9)

Partial SLlpport for International

SymposiLlm on Cetacean Reproduction

(MM2079356-2)

$ 5. OK

$ 4.9K

$ 10 K

$ 9.5K

$ 4.3K

$ 5.6K

$ 25 K

$ 11. 5K

$ 2.5K

$ 2 K
61

National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration

Third Meeting of Ad Hoc Group of

U. S. Antarctic Scientists

(MM2079305-4)

Packard, J. M. (U. Minnesota)

Research Needs Relative to Zonal

Management of Sea Otters

(MM2079342- 3)

Swartz, S. L. (Cetacean Research

Associates)

Report on Preliminary Results of

Ongoing Studies of Gray Whales

(Eschrichtius robustus) in Laguna

San Ignacio, Baja California Sur,

Mexico (MM2079219-4)

Waring, G. H. (Southern Illinois U.)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine

Mammal Research (MM1801196-8;

MM2079343- 6)

Washington Department of Fish and Game

Workshop on Marine Mammal-Fisheries

Interactions (MM2079345- 2)

Assessment of Harbor Seal Populations and Feeding Habits in the

Columbia River and Adjacent Waters

(MM2079357 - 5)

Whitehead, H. and K. Chu (C ambridge U. )

Distribution Patterns and Movement

of Humpback Whales in the North

Atlantic (MM2079259-2)

Williams, T. D. (Monterey, CAl

Cleaning and Reconditioning the Pelage

of Oil-Contaminated Sea Otters

(MM2079247-9)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

$ 5.5K

$ 6 K

$ 3.8K

$ 7 K

$ 7. 5K

$ 23.5K

$ 9 K

$ 2 K
62

FY80

Ray, G. C., D. Wartzok (Johns Hopkins U.)

and P. Sebesta (Ames Research Center)

Study of Predictive Ecological Models

Useful for the Management and Conservation of Bering Sea Mammals SSIE

FY81

Smith, R. C., K. S. Baker and P. Dustan

(U. California, San Diego)

Ship Satellite Bio-Optical Research

in the California Bight (Cetaceans)

National Science Foundation

FY80

$ 12 K

$143.3K

Awbrey, F. T. (San Diego State U.)

Artificial Aggregating System for

Tuna Purse Seining

Dawson, W. W. (U. Florida)

Physiology of Vision in Dolphins

and Other Cetaceans (79-14129)

Fay, F. H. (U. Alaska)

Energy Cost and Control of Molting

in Bering Sea Harbor and Spotted

Seals (80-06957)

Hall, E. R. (U. Kansas)

A Systematic Classification of North

. American Ursus (80-14252)

Herman, L. M. (U. Hawaii, Manoa)

Behaviors and Social Organization

of Humpback Whales in Hawaiian

Waters (77-24943)

Dolphin Information-Proces sing

Capabilities (77-16882)

SSIE $ 0

$ 99.2K

$ 38.8K

$ 36.3K

$ 42.3K

$ 43.5K
63

Jehl, J. R. and W. E. Evans (Hllbbs-Sea

World Institllte)

Distriblltion and Ecology of Orcinlls

and Globicephala in the Antarctic

(80-22633)

Kooyman, G. L. (Scripps Inst. Oceanography)

Biology of Weddell Seals During the

Austrai Su:mmer (79-23623)

LeBoeuf, B. J. (D. California, Santa

Cruz)

Biological Studies of the Northern

Elephant Seal (77-17063)

Morgane, P. J. (Worcester Foundation

for Experi:mental Biology, Inc.)

Archicortical-Li:mbic For:mations

of Dolphin Brain (77-8660)

Norris, K. S. (D. California, Santa

Cruz)

Behavior of the Hawaiian Spinner

Dolphin (78-24683)

Siniff, D. B. (D. Minnesota)

The Role of the Leopard Seal in the

Antarctic Marine Ecosyste:m

(80-17257)

The Development of Satellite Tracking

and Antarctic Po sition!Activity Monitoring for Selected Antarctic Vertebrates (80-17348)

Wor:muth, J. (Texas A & MD.)

A Study of Feeding Relationships in

Tuna and Porpoise Through the Application of Cephalopod Beak Analysis

(79- 24779) SSIE

$ 33.8K

$ 95.3K

$ 30.2K

$ 46.6K

$ 83.8K

$ 76.4K

$ 19.8K

$ 31. 6K
64

FY81

Bengtson, J. and D. B. SinHf (U. Minnesota)

Changes in Reproduction Patterns of

Antarctic Seals as Indicators of Shifts

in Ecosystem Structure and Function

(DPP 80-20087)

Domning, D. P. (Howard U.)

Tertiary Sirenian Systematics and

Paleontology in West Atlantic and

Caribbean (DEB 80- 20265)

Fay, F. H. (U. Alaska)

The Energy Cost and Control of

Molting in Bering Sea Harbor and

Spotted Seals (DPP 80-06957)

Herman, L. M. (U. Hawaii)

Dolphin Information Processing:

Linguistic Competencies

(BNS 81-09653)

Kooyman, G. (Scripps Inst. Oceanography)

Biology of Weddell Seals During the

Austral Winter (DPP 79-23623)

Morgane, P. J. (Worcester Foundation

for Experimental Biology)

Neocortical Formations of Dolphin

Brain (BNS 81-00064)

Norris, K. S. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Behavior of the Hawaiian Spinner

Dolphin (BNS 78- 24683)

Siniff, D. B. (D. Minnesota)

Seasonal Movements and Interactions

of Weddell Seals and Antarctic Cod in

McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

(DPP 80-20097)

Smithsonian Institution

$ 78.5K

$ 46.5K

$ 40.1K

$107 K

$ 68 K

$ 44.9K

$ 83.8K

$105.7K
65

FY80

Mead, J. (National Museum of Natural

History)

Marine Mammal Program

Ray, C. (National Museum of Natural

Hfstory)

Fossil Marine Mammals

FY81

Mead, J. (National Museum of Natural

History)

Marine Mammal Program

Ray, C. (National Museum of Natural

History)

Fossil Marine Mammals

Veterans Administration

FY80 - FY81

(No projects)

$ 93.5K

$ 49.3K

$103 K

$ 49.3K