J-S73037-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

VICTOR J. KELLER, JR.,

Appellant

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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 1228 MDA 2019

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered March 27, 2018

in the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne County 

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-40-CR-0002439-2007

BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., LAZARUS, J., and MUSMANNO, J.

MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 26, 2020

Victor J. Keller, Jr. (“Keller”), appeals from the judgment of sentence 

imposed following the revocation of his probation. We affirm.

On September 4, 2008, Keller entered an open guilty plea to rape of a 

child and intimidation of witnesses. Following preparation of a pre-sentence 

investigation report, the trial court sentenced Keller to a term of 5 to 10 years 

in prison, followed by 7 years of probation. This Court affirmed Keller’s 

judgment of sentence on August 31, 2010. See Commonwealth v. Keller, 

11 A.3d 1044 (Pa. Super. 2010) (unpublished memorandum).

When Keller was released from prison in January 2017, he did not have 

an appropriate home plan. Thus, by an Order entered on January 20, 2017, 

the trial court directed that Keller report to the Luzerne County Work Release 

Program immediately upon his release from state prison until a home plan 

could be approved.
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On June 1, 2017, the trial court issued an Order notifying Keller that it 

had requested that the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole (“the 

Board”) provide special probation supervision. The Order also informed Keller 

that he would be required to comply with the Board’s special conditions for 

sex offenders, as well as any additional special conditions imposed by the 

Board. On February 6, 2018, Keller was detained for violations of his 

probation, and the Board notified the trial court of the violations (i.e., failing 

to complete sex offender treatment, viewing pornography, visiting an adult 

bookstore, seeking out prostitutes, and staying in an unapproved residence)

and requested a hearing.

The trial court conducted a Gagnon II1 hearing on March 27, 2018. 

The court found Keller in violation of probation by his own admission. The 

trial court sentenced Keller to a term of 24 to 84 months in prison, with credit 

for his time served since February 6, 2018. Keller filed a Motion to Reconsider 

the revocation sentence, which the trial court denied.

Keller, pro se, filed a Petition for relief pursuant to the Post Conviction 

Relief Act (“PCRA”)2 on January 17, 2019. The PCRA court appointed Keller 

counsel, who filed a Supplemental PCRA Petition, asserting that trial counsel 

had failed to file a notice of appeal despite Keller’s stated desire to appeal the 

____________________________________________

1 See Gagnon v. Scarpelli, 411 U.S. 778 (1973).

2 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546.
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revocation sentence. On July 15, 2019, the PCRA court issued an Order 

reinstating Keller’s direct appeal rights, nunc pro tunc. Keller, through 

counsel, thereafter filed a Notice of Appeal and a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(b) Concise Statement.

Keller now raises the following questions for our review:

1. Whether the revocation court erred by not giving [] Keller time 

credit for the time he spent at the Luzerne County Prison Work 

Release Center while on probation[,] and prior to being released 

into the general public[,] as asserted in [] Keller’s post-sentence 

[M]otion?

2. Whether the revocation court erred by revoking [Keller’s] 

special probation[,] since the Commonwealth never proved that 

[] Keller had knowledge of the special probation conditions[;] any 

evidence demonstrating [] Keller’s knowledge of the special 

probation conditions was not properly admitted into evidence 

during the revocation hearing[;] and the Commonwealth did not 

present sufficient evidence to prove that [] Keller actually violated 

any terms of his special probation?

3. Whether the revocation court erred by finding that [] Keller 

admitted to knowingly violating his special probation?

Brief for Appellant at 4 (some capitalization omitted).

In his first claim, Keller argues that the trial court erred by failing to give 

him time credit for the time he spent in the Luzerne County Work Release 

Program following his release from prison. Id. at 10. Keller claims that his 

work release had sufficient custodial aspects to be considered confinement, 

because he would have been charged with a probation violation if he had left 

the fenced-in facility without permission. Id. at 10-12.

“A claim asserting that the trial court failed to award credit for time 

served implicates the legality of the sentence. Issues relating to the legality 
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of a sentence are questions of law. Our standard of review over such 

questions is de novo and the scope of review is plenary.” Commonwealth 

v. Gibbs, 181 A.3d 1165, 1166 (Pa. Super. 2018) (citations omitted).

The Sentencing Code provides, in relevant part, as follows regarding 

credit for time served:

§ 9760. Credit for time served

....

(1) Credit against the maximum term and any minimum term shall 

be given to the defendant for all time spent in custody as a result 

of the criminal charge for which a prison sentence is imposed or 

as a result of the conduct on which such a charge is based. Credit 

shall include credit for time spent in custody prior to trial, during 

trial, pending sentence, and pending the resolution of an appeal.

42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9760(1). Section 9760 also applies to defendants who spend 

time in custody on a probation violation detainer. See Commonwealth v. 

Williams, 662 A.2d 658, 659 (Pa. Super. 1995) (concluding that appellant 

was entitled to credit for time served on probation violation detainer); see

also generally Gaito v. Pa. Bd. of Prob. and Parole, 412 A.2d 568, 571 

(Pa. 1980) (holding that a defendant held in custody solely due to a detainer 

lodged by the Board is entitled to credit for time served).

Keller was therefore entitled to credit for the time he spent in custody 

prior to his Gagnon II hearing, as a result of the probation violation detainer. 
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However, Keller’s time at the Luzerne County Work Release Program3 was not 

part of the original sentencing scheme, nor was it a condition of Keller’s 

probation. Keller also never challenged the trial court’s order regarding work 

release until he was subsequently detained for probation violations. Rather, 

Keller was directed to report to the Luzerne County Work Release Program as 

a result of his own failure to arrange an adequate home plan. Moreover, 

during the Gagnon II hearing, Keller’s counsel specifically indicated that 

Keller had been lodged since February 6, 2018, i.e., the day he was detained 

for the probation violation. N.T., 3/27/18, at 7. We therefore conclude that 

the trial court did not err in declining to award Keller credit for time served in 

work release.

In his second claim, Keller contends that the trial court improperly 

revoked his special probation, where the Commonwealth failed to prove that 

Keller had knowledge of the conditions of his probation. Brief for Appellant at 

13. Keller claims that “[t]he Commonwealth never submitted [] Keller’s 

special probation conditions into evidence or provided appropriate testimony 

that [] Keller was advised of the conditions of his special probation.” Id. at 

14. 

Revocation of a probation sentence is a matter committed 

to the sound discretion of the trial court[,] and that court’s 

decision will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of an error 

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3 Although Keller argues that he was at the Luzerne County Work Release 

Program for approximately 9 months, it is unclear from the record when he 

was released.
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of law or an abuse of discretion. The Commonwealth establishes 

a probation violation meriting revocation when it shows, by a 

preponderance of the evidence, that the probationer’s conduct 

violated the terms and conditions of his probation, and that 

probation has proven an ineffective rehabilitation tool incapable of 

deterring [the] probationer from future antisocial conduct.

Commonwealth v. Perreault, 930 A.2d 553, 558 (Pa. Super. 2007) 

(citations omitted).

Initially, we observe that Keller failed to support this claim with 

discussion of relevant legal authority, instead summarizing the law regarding 

witnesses’ oath to testify truthfully and arguments of counsel. See Pa.R.A.P. 

2119(a) (providing that an appellant’s argument shall include “such discussion 

and citation of authorities as are deemed pertinent.” (emphasis added)).

Further, in its Opinion, the trial court stated that it did not need to 

conduct a full revocation hearing because Keller admitted to the underlying 

conduct. See Trial Court Opinion, 9/12/19, at 2 (unnumbered). At the 

Gagnon II hearing, Keller’s counsel indicated to the court that Keller admitted 

to the conduct underlying the violations. N.T., 3/27/18, at 2. Additionally, 

when the trial court asked Keller whether he realized “you can’t frequent 

prostitutes[,]” Keller replied, “Yeah, I messed up.” Id. at 3. The trial court 

therefore found Keller to be in violation of his probation based upon his 

admissions. Id. at 6. Further, the record contains a copy of the “Conditions
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Governing Special Probation,” which Keller signed in June 2017.4 The 

Conditions specifically state the requirements that Keller comply with Board 

Special Conditions for Sex Offenders, as well as any optional special conditions 

imposed by the Board. Based upon his written acknowledgement of the 

Conditions, as well as his admissions during the Gagnon II hearing, Keller 

cannot now claim ignorance of these requirements. Thus, Keller’s second 

claims lacks merit.

In his third claim, Keller asserts that the trial court improperly 

determined that Keller admitted to knowingly violating the terms of his special 

probation. Brief for Appellant at 17. Instead, Keller argues, he admitted only 

to committing the specific acts that were alleged to be violations. Id. Keller 

claims that he was not aware that such actions would be considered violations 

of his probation. Id. at 17-18.

Keller failed to preserve this claim in his Concise Statement. Pa.R.A.P. 

1925(b)(4)(vii) (providing that “[i]ssues not included in the Statement ... are 

waived.”). Keller additionally failed to support his claim with citations to 

relevant legal authority. Pa.R.A.P. 2119(a); Commonwealth v. McMullen, 

745 A.2d 683, 689 (Pa. Super. 2000) (stating that “[w]hen the appellant fails 

to adequately develop his argument, meaningful appellate review is not 

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4 Appearing above the signature line is Keller’s express acknowledgement of 

the following: “I hereby acknowledge that I have read, or have had read to 

me, the foregoing conditions of my probation/parole; I fully understand them 

and agree to follow such conditions and fully understand the penalties involved 

should I in any manner violate them.” Conditions Governing Special 

Probation, at 2.
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possible.” (citation omitted)). Thus, Keller’s final claim is waived. Further, as 

stated above, Keller admitted to the conduct during the Gagnon II hearing, 

and had explicitly acknowledged his understanding of his special probation 

conditions by signing the relevant documents. See N.T., 3/27/18, at 2-3.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 2/26/2020