DECEMBER 1985 MDC H1343A 

I MDAC I 

--- 

SPACE STATION DATA SYSTEM 

ANALYSIS/ARCHITECTURE STUDY 

Task 5 - Program Plan 

(NASA-Ck-177846) SPACE STATION DATA SYSTEM N86-20481 

88ALYSIS/ARCHITECIURE STUDY. %ASK 5: 

PEOGBBH PLAN [HcDonnell-Douglas Astronautics 

CO.) I35 p HC 807/HF 801 CSCL 228 Unclas 

63/18 04598 
m'' 

MCDONNELi 

DOUGLAS ,* 

CORPORATION 

SPACE STATION DATA SYSTEM 

ANALYSWARCHITECTURE STUDY 

Task 5 - Program Plan 

DECEMBER 1985 MDC H1343A 

REPLACES MDC H2022 

DATED OCTOBER 1985 

MCDONNELL DOUGLAS AST;RONAUTICS COMPANY-HUNTINGTON BEACH 

5301 Bolsa Avenue Huntington Beach, California 926'47 (714) 896-337 1 
PREFACE 

The McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company has been engaged in a Space 

Station Data System Analysis/Architecture Study for the National Aeronautics 

and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center. This study, which 

emphasized a system engineering design for a complete, end-to-end data system, 

was divided into six tasks: 

Task 1. Functional Requirements Definition 

Task 2. Options Development 

Task 3. Trade Studies 

Task 4. System Definitions 

Task 5. Program Plan 

Task 6. Study Maintenance 

McDonnell Douglas was assisted by the Ford Aerospace and Communications 

Corporation, IBM Federal Systems Division and RCA in these Tasks. The Task 

inter-relationship and documentation flow are shown in Figure 1. 

This report was prepared for the National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration Goddard Space Flight Center under Contract No. NAS5-28082 

Questions regarding this report should be directed to: 

Glen P. Love 

Study Manager 

McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company 

Huntington Beach, CA 92647 

(714) 896-2292 

iii 
I 

r 

I 

I 

r--- -0- 

L ALL 

,--- 

--.I 

iv 
CONTENTS 

Section 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 

Section 2.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

2 .l Introduction 

2.2 SSOS Summary Costs 

2.3 Program Schedule 

2.4 Advanced Technology Development 

Recomnendations 

5 

5 

5 

9 

12 

Section 3.0 PROGRAM COST ESTIMATES 13 

3.1 Int roduc t i on 13 

3.2 Scope 13 

3.3 Work Breakdown Structure 21 

3.4 Cost Estimation Groundrules & Assumptions 30 

3.5 Costing Methodologies 31 

3.6 Cost Sumnaries 34 

Section 4.0 SSDS PROGRAM SCHEDULES 79 

4.1 Introduction 

4.2 Scope 

4.3 Groundrules and Assumptions 

4.4 Methodology 

4.5 Schedules 

79 

79 

79 

80 

80 

Section 5.0 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT RECOMMENOATXONS 83 

5.1 Int roducti on 83 

5.2 Scope 83 

5.3 NASA Advanced Technology Development Summary 83 

5.4 SSDS A/A Study Technology Development 

Candidates 87 

5.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 92 

Appendix A Code S/Code T Allocation 95 

Appendix B NASA DMS Test Bed A/D Project Plan Tasks 97 

V 
GLOSSARY 

A 

ALR 

A/A 

AID 

A/L 

A/N 

AC LS 

ACA 

ACO 

ACS 

ACS/COM 

ACTS 

AD 

AD 

ADOP 

ADP 

AFOSR 

AFP 

AFRPL 

AGC 

AGE 

AI 

AIE 

AI PS 

AL7 

ALS 

ALS/N 

AMIC 

ANSI 

AOS 

AP 

APD 

APSE 

ARC 

Automatic 

Automation and Robotlcs 

Analysis/Archltecture 

Advanced Development 

Airlock 

Alphanumeric 

Attltude Control System 

Attitude Control Assembly 

Admini strati ve Contracting Off Icer 

Attitude Control and Stabilization 

Attitude Control System/Comunications 

Advanced Comunlcations Technology Satellite 

Ancillary Data 

Advanced Development 

Advanced Distributed Onboard Processor 

Advanced Development Plan 

Air Force Office of Scientific Research 

Advanced Flexible Processor 

Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory 

Automatic Gain Control 

Attempt to Generalize 

Artificial Intelligence 

Ada Integrated Envi ronment 

Advanced Information Processtng System 

Ai r Lock One 

Alternate Landing Site 

Ada Language System/Navy 

Automated Management Information Center 

American National Standards Institute 

Acquisition of Signal 

Automatic Programing 

Avalanche Photo Diode 

Ada Programing Support Environment 

Ames Research Center 

vi 
ART 

ASCI I 

AS€ 

ASTROS 

ATAC 

ATC 

ATP 

ATPs 

ATS 

AVHI 

AWSI 

B 

BARC 

BB 

BER 

BIT 

BITE 

BIU 

BIU 

BIU 

BMD 

BTU 

BW 

C 

C2 

c3 

c3 I 

CbDH 

C &T 

C&T 

CW 

C/L 

CA 

CAD 

CAE 

CAIS 

CAM 

Automated Reasoning Tool 

American Standard Code for Information Exchange 

Alrborne Support Equlpment 

Advanced StarITarget Reference Optical Sensor 

Advanced Technology Advisory Comnittee 

Air Traffic Control 

Authority to Proceed 

Advanced Telemetry Processing System 

Assembly Truss and Structure 

Automated Visual Maintenance Information 

Adoptive Wafer Scale Integration 

Bridge 

Block Adaptive Rate Controlled 

Breadboard 

Bit Error Rate 

Built-in Test 

Built-in Test Equipment 

Buffer Interface Unit 

Bus Interface Unit 

Built-in Unit 

Ballistic Missile Defense 

British Thermal Unit 

Bandwidth 

Constrained 

Comnand and Control 

Comnand, Control, and Comnunication 

Comnand, Control, Comnunlcation, and Intelligence 

Comnunlcatlons and Data Handling 

Comnunication and Tracking Subsystem 

Comnunlcations and Tracking 

Control and Warning 

Check1 1 st 

Customer Accomnodation 

Computer-Aided Design 

Computer-Aided Engineering 

Comnon APSE Interface Set 

Computer-Aided Manufacturing 

viii 
CAMAC 

CAP 

CAS8 

CASE 

CATL 

CBD 

CBEMA 

CCA 

CCB 

CCB 

ccc 

CCD 

CCITT 

CCITT 

CCMS 

CCR 

CCSDS 

CCTV 

cd/M2 

CDG 

CDMA 

C DOS 

CDR 

CDS 

CE 

CEI 

CER 

CFR 

CFS 

CG 

CIE 

CIL 

CIU 

CLAN 

CM . 

CM 

CMDB 

Computer Automatic Measurement and Control 

Crew Activities Plan 

Cost Accounting Standard Board 

Comnon Application Service Elements 

Controlled Aceptance Test Library 

Commerce Business Dally 

Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturing Association 

Cluster Coding Algorithm 

Contractor Control Board 

Configuration Control Board 

Change and Configuratlon Control 

Charge-Coupled Device 

Consultive Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone 

Coordinating Cornittee for International Telephony and Telegraphy 

Checkout Control and Monitor System 

Configuration Change Request 

Consultative Committee for Space Data System 

Closed-Circuit Television 

Candelas per square Meter 

Concept Development Group 

Code Division Multiple Access 

Customer Data Operations System 

Critlcal Design Review 

Control Data Subsystem 

Conducted Emission 

Contract End-Item 

Cost Estimating Relatlonshlp 

Code of Federal Regulations 

Cambridge File Server 

Center of Gravity 

Customer Interface Element 

Critical Item List 

Customer Interface Unlt 

Core Local Area Network 

Configuration Management 

Center of Mass 

Conflguration Management Data Base 

ix 
CMG 

CMOS 

CMS 

CMU 

co 

COF 

COL 

COMM 

COP 

COPCC 

COPOCC 

COTS 

CPCI 

c PU 

CQL 

CR 

CR 

CRbD 

CRC 

CRF 

CRSS 

CRT 

cs 

CSD 

CSDL 

CSMA/CD/TS 

CSTL 

CTA 

CTE 

CUI 

CVSD 

CWG 

D&B 

DADS 

DAIS 

DAR 

Control Moment Gyro 

Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 

Customer Mission Specialist 

Carnegie-Mellon University 

Contracting Officer 

Component Origination Form 

Controlled Operations Library 

Comnercial Missions 

Co-orbital Platform 

Coorblt Platform Control Center 

COP Operations Control Center 

Comnercial Off-the-shelf Software 

Computer Program Configuration Item 

Central Processing Unit 

Channel Queue Limit 

Compression Ratio 

Change Request 

Contract Research and Development 

Cyclic Redundancy Checks 

Change Request Form 

Customer Requirements 

Cathode Ray Tube 

Conducted Susceptibil 

Contract Start Date 

for Standard Services 

Charles Stark Draper Laboratory 

Carrier-Sense Multiple with Access/Colllsion Detection and Time 

Slots 

Controlled System Test Library 

Computer Techno 1 og y As s oc 1 at e s 

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 

Common Usage Item 

Code Variable Slope Delta (Modulation) 

Comnonality Working Group 

Docki ng and Berth1 ng 

Digital Audio Distribution System 

Digital Avionics Integration System 

Defense Acquisition Regulation 

X 
DARPA 

DB 

DBA 

DBML 

DBHS 

DCAS 

DCDS 

DCR 

DDBM 

DDC 

DDTLE 

DEC 

DES 

DFD 

DGE 

DHC 

DID 

DIF 

DMA 

DHS 

DoD 

DOMSAT 

DOS 

DOT 

DPCH 

D PS 

DR 

DR 

DRAM 

DRD 

DShT 

DSDB 

DSDL 

DSDS 

DSIT 

DSN 

DTC 

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 

Data Base 

Data Base Administrator 

Data Base Manipulatlon Language 

Data Base Management System 

Defense Contract Administrative Services 

Distributed Computer Deslgn System 

Data Change Request 

Distributed Data Base Management 

Discipline Data Center 

Destgn, Development, Testing, and Englneerlng 

Digital Equlpment Corp. 

Data Encryption Standard 

Data Flow Diagram 

Dlsplay Generatlon Equlpment 

Data Handllng Center 

Data Item Description 

Data Interchange Format 

Dtrect Memory Access 

Data Management System 

Department of Defense 

Domestic Comnunications Satellite System 

Dlstributed Operatlng System 

Department of Transportation 

Differential Pulse Code Modulation 

Data Processing System 

Dtscrepancy Report 

Data Requi rement 

Dynamic Random-Access Memory 

Design Requi rement Document 

Development Simulation and Tralnlng 

Dlstrlbuted System Data Base 

Data Storage Descrlptlon Language 

Data System Dynamic Slmulation 

Development, Slmulation, Integration and Trainlng 

Deep-Space Network 

Deslgn to Cost 

xi 
DTC/LCC 

DTG 

E/R 

€AD I 

ECC 

ECLSS 

ECMA 

ECP 

ECS 

EDF 

EEE 

EHF 

EHSI 

EIA 

EL 

EM 

EMC 

EMCFA 

EM€ 

€MI 

EMR 

EMS 

EMU 

EMUDS 

EO 

EOL 

EOS 

€PA 

E PS 

ERBE 

ERRP 

ESR 

ESTL 

EVA 

F /T 

FACC 

FADS 

Design to Cost/Life Cycle Cost 

Design To Grow 

Entity/Relationship 

Electronic Attitude Direction Indicator 

Error Correction Codes 

Envi ronmental Control and Life-support System 

European Computers Hanufacturlng Assoc. 

Engineering Change Proposals 

Environmental Control System 

Engineering Data function 

Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical 

Extremely High Frequency 

Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator 

Electronic Industry Association 

Electroluminescent 

Electromagnetic 

Electromagnetic Compatibility 

Electromagnetic Compatibility Frequency Analysis 

Earth Mean Equator 

Electromagnetic Interference 

Executive Management Review 

Engineering Master Schedule 

Extravehicular Mobility Unit 

Extravehicular Maneuvering Unit Decontamination System 

Electro-optic 

End of Life 

Earth Observing System 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Electrical Power System 

Earth Radiatlon Budget Experiment 

Equipment Replacement and Refurbishing Plan 

Englneering Support Request 

Electronic Systems Test Laboratory 

Extravehicular Activity 

Fault Tolerant 

Ford Aerospace and Communications Corporation 

Functionally Automated Database System 

xii 
FAR 

FCA 

FCOS 

FCR 

FDDI 

FDF 

FDMA 

FEID 

FETMOS 

FF 

FFT 

FIFO 

FIPS 

fl 

FM 

FMEA 

FMECA 

FO 

FO/FS/R 

FOC 

FODB 

FODS 

F PR 

FQR 

FSD 

FSE . 

FSED 

FSIM 

FSW 

FTA 

FTMP 

FTSC 

GaAs 

GaAs P 

GaInP 

Ga P 

GAPP 

Federal Acquisition Regulation 

Functional Conf lguratlon Audit 

Flight Computer Operating System 

Flight Control Rooms 

Fiber Dl stri buted Data Interface 

Flight Dynamics Facility 

Frequency-Division Nultiple Access 

Flight Equipment Interface Device 

Floating Gate Election Tunneling Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

Free Flier 

Fast Fourier Transform 

first in First Out 

Federal Information Processing Standards 

foot lambert - Unit of Illumination 

Facility Management 

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis 

Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis 

Fi ber-Optics 

Fail-Operational/Fail Safe/Restorable 

Fiber-Optic Cable 

Fiber-optic Data Bus 

Fiber Optic Demonstration System 

Federal Procurement Regulation 

Formal Qualification Review 

Full-Scale Development 

Flight Support Equipment 

Full Scale Engineering Development 

Functional Simulator 

Flight Software 

Fault Tree Analysis 

Fault Tolerant Multi-Processor 

Fault Tolerant Space Computer 

Gallium Arsenide 

Galllum Arsenic Phosphorus 

Gallium Indium Phosphorus 

Gallium Phosphorous 

Geometric Arithmetic Parallel Processor 

xiii 
Gbps 

GBSS 

GEO 

GE P 

GFC 

GFE 

GFP 

GFY 

GIDEP 

GMM 

6MS 

GMT 

GMW 

GN bC 

GPC 

GPP 

GPS 

GRO 

GSC 

GSE 

GSFC 

GTOSS 

H/W 

HAL 

HDDR 

HDDR 

HE P 

HFE 

HI PO 

HIRIS 

HMl 

HM 

HOL 

HOS 

HPP 

HRIS 

I 

Gigabits Per Second 

Ground Based Support System 

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit 

Gas Election Phosphor 

Ground Forward Comnands 

Government-Furnished Equipment 

Government-Furnished Property 

Government Fiscal Year 

Government/Industry Data Exchange Program 

Geometric Math Model 

Geostationary Meteorological Satellite 

Greenwich Mean Time 

Generic Maintenance Work Station 

Guidance, Navigation, and Control 

General-Purpose Computer 

General-Purpose Processor 

Global Positioning System 

Gama Ray Observatory 

Ground Service Center 

ground Support Equipment 

(Robert H.) Goddard Space Flight Center 

Generalized Tethered Object System Simulation 

Ha rdwa re 

High-Order Algorithmic Language 

Help Desk Discrepancy Report 

High Density Digital Recording 

Heterogeneous Element Processor 

Human Factors Engineering 

Hierarchical Input Process Output 

High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer 

Habitation Module One 

Habitation Module 

High Order Language 

High Order Systems 

High Performance Processors 

High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer 

Interactive 

x iv 
I/F 

I /o 

I BM 

IC 

I CAR 

ICB 

ICD 

ICOT . 

ICs 

ID 

ID 

I DM 

I DMS 

IEEE 

I EMU 

IF 

IFIPS 

I LO 

IMU 

INS 

I oc 

IOP 

IPCF 

I PC 

I PL 

I PR 

I PS 

IR 

I R&D 

I RN 

I SA 

ISA 

ISON 

I so 

ITAC-0 

I TT 

I V&V 

Interface 

Input/Output 

IBM Corporation 

Intercomputer 

Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing 

Internal Contractor Board 

Interface Control Document 

Institute (for new generation) Computer Technology 

Interpretive Computer Simulation 

Interface Diagram 

Identification 

Intelligent Database Machine 

Information and Data Management System 

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 

Integrated Extravehicular nobility Unit 

Intermediate frequency 

International Federation of Industrial Processes Society 

Injector Laser Diode 

Inertial Measurement Unit 

Inertial Navigation System 

Initial Operating Capability 

Input/Output Processor 

Interprocess Comnunications Facility 

Interprocesses Comnunication 

Initial Program Load 

Internal Problem Report 

Instrument Pointing System 

Infrared 

Independent Research and Development 

Interface Revision Notices 

Inertial Sensor Assembly 

Instruction Set Architecture 

Integration Servlces Dlgital Network 

International Standards Organization 

Integration Trades and Analysis-Cycle 0 

International Telegraph and Telephone 

Independent Validation and Verification 

xv 
I VA 

IWS 

JPL 

JSC 

KAPSE 

KEE 

KIPS 

KOPS 

KSA 

KSC 

Kbps 

Ki pc 

LAN 

LaRC 

LCC 

LCD 

LDEF 

LOR 

LED 

LEO 

LeRC 

LIDAR 

LIFO 

LIPS 

LISP 

LISP 

LLC 

LM I 

LN2 

LNA 

LO€ 

LO€ 

LOS 

LPC 

LPS 

LRU 

LSA 

Intravehlcular Actlvlty 

Intelllgent Work Station 

Jet Propulsion Laboratory 

(Lyndon B.) Johnson Space Center 

Kernal APSE 

Knowledge Engineering Environment 

Knowledge Informatlon Processing System 

Thousands of Operatlons Per Second 

Ku-band. Single Access 

(John F.) Kennedy Space Center 

Kilobits per second 

Thousand instructions per cycle 

Local-Area Network 

Langley Research Center 

Life-Cycle Cost 

Liquid Crystal Display 

Long-Duration Exposure Facility 

Large Deployable Reflector 

Light-Emitting Diode 

Low Earth Orbit 

Lewis Research Center 

Laser-Instrument Distance and Range 

Last In First Out 

Logical Inferences Per Second 

List Processor 

Llst Processor 

Logical Link Control 

LISP Machine Inc. 

Liquid Nitrogen 

Low-noise Amplifier 

Level of Effort 

Low-earth Orbit Environments 

LOSS of Signal 

Llnear Predicttve Coding 

Launch Processlng System 

Line-Replaceable unit 

Logistic Support Analysis 

xv i 
LSAR 

LSE 

LSI 

LTV 

LZPF 

M 

up 

MA 

MA 

MAPSE 

Mbps 

MB PS 

MCAIR 

MCC 

MCC 

MCDS 

MCM 

MCN I U 

MDAC-HB 

MDAC-STL 

MOB 

MDC 

MDMC 

MDRL 

MFLOP 

MHz 

MIMO 

MIPS 

MIT 

MITT 

#LA 

MM I 

MMPF 

nns 

MMS 

HMU 

Logistic Support Analysis Report 

Language Senslty Editors 

Large-scale Integratlon 

LTV Aerospace and Defense Company, Vought Missiles Advanced 

Programs Division 

Level 0 Processing Facility 

Manual 

Microprocessor 

Multiple Access 

Managing Activity 

Minimum APSE 

Mllllon Bits Per Second 

Million Bits Per Second 

McDonnell Aircraft Company 

Mission Control Center 

Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corp. 

Management Comnunicatlons and Data System 

Hilltary Computer Modules 

Multl-compatlble Network Interface Unit 

McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company-Huntington Beach 

McDonnell Douglas Astronautlcs Company-St. Louis 

Master Data Base 

McDonnell Douglas Corporation 

McDonnell Douglas Microelectronics Center 

McDonnell Douglas Research Laboratory 

Million Floating Point Operations 

Million Hertz 

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output 

Million (machlne) Instructions Per Second 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Mlnlstry of International Trade and Industry 

Multispectral Linear Array 

Man Machine Interface 

Microgravity and Materials Process Facility 

Module Management System 

Momentum Management System 

Mass Memory Unit 

xvii . 
MMU 

MNOS 

MOC 

no I 

MOL 

MOS 

MPAC 

MPS 

MPSR 

URMS 

HRWG 

MSFC 

us1 

nss 

MTA 

MTBF 

MTTR 

MTU 

NASA 

NASCOW 

NASPR 

NBO 

NBS 

NCC 

NFSD 

N GT 

NHB 

NISDN 

NIU 

NL 

NLPQ 

NM I 

NMOS 

NMR 

NOS 

NS 

NSA 

Manned Maneuvering Unit 

Metal-Nitride Oxide Semiconductor 

Mission Operations Center 

Moment of Inertla 

Manned Orb1 ting Laboratory 

Metal Oxide Semiconductor 

Multipurpose Application Console 

Materials, Processlng in Space 

Multi-purpose Support Rooms 

Mobile Remote Manipulator Sy 

Mlssion Requirements Working 

(George C.) Marshall Space F 

Medium-Scale Integratipn 

Multispectral Scanner 

Man-Tended Approach 

Mean Time Between Failures 

Mean Time to Repair 

Master Timing Unit 

t em 

Group 

Ight Center 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

NASA Comnunications Network 

NASA Procurement Regulation 

NASA Baseline 

National Bureau of Standards 

Network Control Center 

NASA FAR Supplement Directive 

NASA Ground Termjnals 

NASA Handbook 

NASA Integrated System Data Network 

Network Interface Unlt 

National Language 

National Language for Queuing Simulation 

NASA Management Instruction 

N-Channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 

N-Modular Redundant 

Network Operating System 

Nassi-Schneidermann 

National Security Administration 

xviii 
NSF 

NSTS 

NTDS 

NTE 

NTRL 

NTSC 

Nd : YAG 

OW 

O/B 

OASCB 

OCN 

ODB 

ODBMS 

OE L 

OES 

OID 

OLTP 

OMC C 

OMV 

ONR 

ORU 

os 

OS€ 

os1 

OSM 

OSSA 

OSTA 

OSTOS 

OTV 

PhSA 

P/L 

PA 

PAM 

PASS 

PBX 

PC 

PCA 

National Science Foundation 

National Space Transportation System 

Navy Tactical Data System 

Not To Exceed 

NASA Technology Readiness Level 

National Television Standards Cornittee 

Neodynium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (laser type) 

Operations and Maintenance 

On board 

Orbiter Avionics Software Control Board 

Operations and Control Network, Operational Control Networks 

Operational Data Base 

Onboard Data Base Management System 

Operating Events List 

Operating Events Schedule 

Operations Instrumentation Data 

On Line Transaction Processing 

Operations Management and Control Center 

Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle 

Office of Naval Research 

Orbital Replacement Unit 

Operating System 

Orbit Support Equipment 

Open Systems Interconnect 

Orbital Service Module 

Office of Space Science and Applications 

Office of Space and Terrestrial Application 

Office of Space Tracking and Data Systems 

Orbital Transfer Vehicle 

Payload and Servicing Accomnodations 

Pay1 oad 

Product Assurance 

Payload Assist Module 

Primary Avionics Shuttle Software 

Private Branch Exchange 

Personal Computer 

Physical Configuration Audit 

xix 
PCA 

PCM 

PCR 

POP 

PDR 

PDRD 

PDRSS 

PI LS 

PIN 

PLA 

PLAN 

PLSS 

PMAD 

PMC 

PN 

POCC 

POP 

POPCC 

POPOCC 

PRISM 

PSA 

PSA 

PSCN 

PSL 

PTR 

QA 

R 

R&D 

R&QA 

R/M/A 

R/T 

RAD 

RAM 

RAP 

RC 

RCA 

RCS 

Program Change Authorization 

Pulse Code Modulation 

Program Change Request 

Plazma Display Panel 

Preliminary Design Revlew 

Program Deflnltlon and Requirements Document 

Payload Deployment and Retrieval System Simulation 

Payload Integration Library System 

Personal Identification Number 

Programmable Logic Array 

Payload Local Area Network 

Payload Support Structure 

Power Management and Distrlbution 

Permanently Manned Configuration 

Pseudonoise 

Payload Operations Control Center 

Polar Orbiter Platform 

Polar Orbit Platform Control Center 

POP operations Control Center 

Prototype Inference System 

Problem Statement Analyzer 

Prellminary Safety Analysis 

Program Support Comnunicatlons Network 

Problem Statement Language 

Problem Trouble Report 

Quality Assurance 

Restricted 

Research and Development 

Reliability and Quality Assurance 

Reliability/Malntainabllity/Availability 

Real Time 

Unlt of Radiation 

Random Access Memory 

Relational Associative Processor 

Ring Concentrator 

RCA Corporation 

Reaction Control System 

xx 
RDB 

RDC 

REM 

RF 

RFC 

RF I 

RFP 

RGB 

RID 

RID 

RISC 

RRS 

RMSE 

RNET 

RON 

ROTV 

R PMS 

RS 

RSA 

RTX 

S&E 

s/c 

s/w 

SA 

SA 

SAAX 

SA€ 

SAIL 

SAIS 

SAR 

SAS 

SASE 

SATS 

SBC 

sc 

SCR 

SCR 

relational Data Base 

Regional Data Center 

Roentgen Equivalent (man) 

Radio Frequency 

Regenerative Fuel Cell 

Radio Frequency Interference 

Request for Proposal 

Red-Green-Blue 

Review Item Disposition 

Revision Item Description 

Reduced Instruction Set Computer 

Remote Hanipulator System 

Root Mean Square Error 

Reconfiguration Network 

Read Only Memory 

Reuseable Orbit Transfer Vehicle 

Resource Planning and Management System 

Reed-Solomon 

Rivest, Skamlr and Adleman (encryptlon method) 

Real Time Execution 

Sensor and Effector 

Spacecraft 

Software 

Sing I e Access 

Structured Analysis 

Science and Technology Mission 

Society of Automotive Engineers 

Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory 

Science and Appljcations Information System 

Synthetic Aperture Radar 

Software Approval Sheet 

Specific Application Service Elements 

Station Accomnodations Test Set 

Single Board Computer 

Simulation Center 

Software Change Request 

Solar Cosmic Ray 

xxi 
scs 

SDC 

SDP 

SDR 

SDTN 

SEM 

SEI 

SESAC 

SESR 

SESS 

SEU 

SFDU 

SI 

SIB 

SIFT 

SIMP 

SIRTF 

SLOC 

snc 

SMT 

SNA 

SNOS 

SNR 

SOA 

SOPC 

sos 

sow 

SPC 

SPF 

SPF 

SPR 

SPR 

SQA 

SQAM 

SQL/DS 

SRA 

SRAM 

Standard Customer Services 

Systems Development Corporation 

Subsystem Data Processor 

System Design Review 

Space and Data Tracking Network 

Systems Engineering and Integration 

Software Engineering Institute 

Space and Earth Scientific Advisory Comnittee 

Sustainlng Engineering System Improvement Request 

Software Engineering Standard Subcomnittee 

Single Event Upset 

Standard Format Data Unit 

International System of Units 

Simulation Interface Buffer 

Software Implemented Fault Tolerance 

Single Instruction Multi-Processor 

Shuttle Infrared Telescope Facility 

-Source Lines of Code 

Standards Management Comnittee 

Station Management 

System Network Architecture 

Silicon Nitride Oxide Semiconductor 

Signal to Noise Ratio 

State Of Art 

Shuttle Operations and Planning Complex 

Silicon On Saphire 

Statement of Work 

Stored Payload Comnands 

Software Production Facility 

Single-Point Failure 

Spacelab Problem Reports 

Software Problem Report 

Software Quality Assurance 

Software Quality Assessment and Heasurement 

SEQUEL Data System 

Support Requirements Analysis 

Static Random Access Memory 

xxii 
SRB 

SRC 

SREM 

SRI 

SRMaQA 

SRMS 

SRR 

ss 

SSA 

SSA 

SSCB 

sscc 

SSC R 

sscs 

SSCTS 

SSDMS 

SSDR 

SSDS 

SSE 

SSEF 

SSIS 

SSME 

sso 

ssocc 

ssocc 

SSOL 

SSON 

ssos 

SSP 

SSPE 

SSPO 

sssc 

SSST 

STAR 

STARS 

STDN 

ST I 

Software Review Board 

Specimen Research Centrifuge 

Software Requirements Engineering 

Stanford Research Institute 

Safety, Reliability, Haintalnabil 

Shuttle Remote Manipulator System 

System Requirements Review 

Space Station. 

Structural Systems Analysis 

S-band Single Access 

Space Station Control Board 

He t hod o 

ty, and 

OgY 

Qual1 ty Assurance 

Station Station Comnunication Center 

Support Software Change Request 

Space Station comnunlcation system 

Space Station comnunlcations and tracking system 

Space Station data management system 

Support Software Discrepancy Report 

Space Station data system 

Software Support Environment 

Software Support Environment Facility 

Space Station Information System 

Space Shuttle Main Engine 

Source Selection Official 

Space Station Operations Control System 

Space Station Operations Control Center 

Space Station Operation Language 

Spacelab Software Operational Notes 

Space Station Operating System 

Space Station Program 

Space Station Program Element 

Space Station Program Office 

Space Station Standard Computer 

Space Station System Trainer 

Self Test and Recovery (repair) 

Software Technology for Adaptable and Reliable Software 

Standard Number 

Standard Technical Institute 

xxiii 
STO 

STS 

suss 

SYSREM 

Si 

SubACS 

TA I 

TBD’ 

TBU 

TC 

TC P 

TCS 

TDASS 

TOM 

TDMA 

TORS 

TDRSS 

TFEL 

THUR IS 

TI 

TM 

TM 

TMDE 

TMIS 

TMP 

TMR 

TMS 

TPWG 

TR 

TRAC 

TRIC 

TSC 

TSI P 

TS P 

TSS 

TTbC 

TTC 

Solar Terrestrial Observatory 

Space Transportation System 

Shuttle Upper Stage Systems 

System Requirements Engineering Methodology 

Silicon 

Submarine Advanced Combat System 

International Atomic Time 

To Be Determined 

Telemetry Buffer Unit 

Tel ecomnand 

Transmissions Control Protocols 

Thermal Control System 

Tracking and Data Acquisition Satellite System 

Technology Development Misslon 

Time-Division Multlple Access 

Tracking and Data Relay Satellite 

Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System 

Thin Film Electrolumenescent 

The Human Role in Space (study) 

Texas Instruments 

Technical Manual 

Thematic Mapper 

Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment 

Technical and Management Information System 

Triple Multi-Processor 

Triple Modular Redundancy 

Thermal Management System 

Test Planning Working Group 

Technical Requirement 

Texas Reconfigurable Array Computer 

Transition Radiation and Ionization Calorlmeter 

Trade Study Control 

Technical Study Implementation Plan 

Twisted Shielded Pair 

Tethered Satel 1 i te System 

Telemetry, Tracking, and Conunications 

Telemetry Traffic Control 

xxiv 
TTR 

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URN 

UTBUN 

UTC 

VLV 

VAFB 

VAX 

VHS I C

VLSI 

VLSIC 

VVLT 

WAN 

WBS 

WBSP 

UDN 

UP 

WRO 

WS 

WSGT 

WTR 

XDFS 

YAPS 

ZOE 

ZONC 

ZnS 

Timed Token Ring 

Traveling-Wave Tube 

Non-restrictive 

Uniform Conercial Code 

User Design Review and Exercise 

User Interface Language 

Unique Object Names 

Uninterrupted Power Source 

Unlque Record Name 

Unique Telemetry Buffer Unit Name 

Universal Coordinated Time 

Validation and Verification 

Vandenberg Air Force Base 

Virtual Address Exchange 

Very High-speed Integrated Circuit 

Very Large-Scale Integration 

Very Large-Scale Xntegrated Ci rcui t 

Validation, Verification and Testing 

Wide Area Network 

Work Breakdown Structure 

Wideband Signal Processor 

Wavelength Dlvision Multiplexing 

Work Package 

Work Release Order 

Workstation 

White Sands Ground Terminal 

Western Test Range 

XEROX Distributed File System 

Yet Another Production System 

Zone Of Exclusion 

Zone Of Non-Contact 

Zinc Sulfide 

xxv 
SSDS A/A STUDY PROGRAM PLAN REPORT 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

The McDonnel Douglas Astronautics Company has been engaged in a Space Station 

Data System (SSDS) Analysis/Architecture A/A Study for the National 

Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center. This 

Systems Engineering study which provides SSDS On-Board and Ground segment . 

"strawman" designs within an end-to-end definition is divided into the 

following six tasks: 

Task 1 - Requirements Definition 

Task 2 - Options Development 

Task 3 - Trade Studies 

Task 4 - System Definition 

Task 5 - Program Plan 

Task 6 - Study Maintenance 

The preliminary Task 1 Report was published for NASA review in October, 1984. 

With the concurrency of the SSDS A/A Study and the Space Station Level B 

activities in the second quarter of 1985, NASA elected, by Contract 

Modification, to accelerate the study schedule to deliver preliminary Task 2, 

3 and 4 Reports (plus an update to the Task 1 Report) in May, 1985, to support 

the JSC SSIS Workshop. 

The Task 1, 3 and 4 Reports were revised and re-issued In August, 1985 based 

on comments generated from NASA/Industry review of the preliminary reports and 

from Quarterly Review presentations. Task 5 preliminary report of October 

1985 was reviewed by NASA/Endustry, resulting updates and expanslons of cost 

backup have been included in this submittal. 

1 
This report contains the final output of the Program Plan (Task 5) effort. 

The report provides NASA with SSDS Program Schedule, Program Costs, and 

Advanced Technology Development recommendations as detailed In Sections 2, 3, 

and 4 respectively. 

A summary of the SSDS A/A Study Report publication schedule is provided in 

Figure 1.1. 

2 
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2.0 Executive Summary 

2.1 Introduction 

The original scope of the Task 5 Program Plan defined in the contractual 

Statement Of Work included detailed cost estimates and schedules, along with 

comprehensive program management and procurement strategies for the 

implementation of the complete system. The Program Plan scope was reduced, 

however, as part of the over-all study adjustments to accelerate the Task 2, 

3, and 4 Reports in support of the Johnson Space Center SSIS Workshop, May 

1985. As a result, the Program Plan, was re-defined to consist of the 

following efforts: 

o SSDS cost estimates (both On-Board and Ground segments) 

o Summary program schedules 

o Advanced Technology Development Recommendations 

The SSDS elements addressed within these efforts are the On-Board and Ground 

system definitions provided within Section 6.0 and 1.0 respectively of the 

SSDS A/A Study Task 4 Report. 

The efforts itemized above are discussed in detail in Sections 3.0, 4.0 and 

5.0 of this report; it is the intent of this section to summarize the 

discussions and conclusions of those sections. 

2.2 SSDS Summary Costs 

Figure 2.2-1 provides a graphic over-view of the Work Breakdown Structure 

(WBS) developed for this Program Plan. Costs have been generated to the lower 

levels of this WBS but a generally reported only at the higher levels. 'Below 

the line' cost categories, Management, Systems Engineering and Integration 

SE&I, etc. have been collected agalnst both On-Board and Ground segments and 

are so reported within the cost summaries. 

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Detailed ground rules and assumptions for the SSDS cost estimates are provided 

in Section 3.0 and will not be duplicated here except to note that: 

o Implementat~on/operational costs for the Software Support Environment 

(SSE) and Development, Simulation, Integration and Training (DSIT) 

distributed capabilities are not included. 

o Only IOC costs are provided; growth is not addressed. 

o On-Board system implementation costs are provided through integration 

of SSDS elements into their associated launch packages, but launch 

and on-orbit 'build-up' support costs are excluded. No operational 

costs for the On-Orblt elements have been provided. 

o Operational costs for Ground facilities are limited to the staffing 

required to maintaln the facilities; mission unique costs are not 

i nc 1 uded . 

o The platform complement was limited to polar-orbiting platform, 

launch 1, POP1 deployment concurrent with Station IOC followed by 

POP2 then co-orbiting platform COP on six month centers. 

o Total hardware commonality was assumed between Station and platforms 

plus a high degree of software commonality. 

o Cost methodology and cost data provided in this report represent 

engineering estimates and should not be construed as pricing data or 

used to develop pricing data. 

2.2.1 Space Seqment Cost Summaries 

Costs for the Space Segment, WBS item 1.0, including H/W and S/W development, 

integration tests, and the recurring H/W production runs for the Space 

Station, POP1, POP2, and COP totalled f445.4M; a breakdown of this cost into 

its component WBS elements is provided in Table 2.2.1-1. 

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2.2.2 Ground Segment Cost Summaries 

WBS item 2.0 costs for the implementation of the nine ground facilities 

totalled $402.36#; a breakdown of this cost is provided in Table 2.2.2-1. 

2.2.3 Total SSDS Costs 

The total SSDS costs, consisting of the all WBS element costs is $1143.58M, 

representing $339.02M recurring and J804.56M non-recurring effort. A 

breakdown of these costs into the top level WBS elements is provided in Table 

2.2.3-1. 

2.2.4 Code S and Code T Funding 

As part of the costing effort, NASA requested an estimate of funding 

responsibilities and associated SSDS costs for the Code S and Code T 

entities. 

summarized in Appendix A. The costs resulting from the allocation is: 

The funding allocation, derived from NASA inputs and guidelines is 

Code S: $814.9M Code T: $328.7M 

2.3 Program Schedule 

The SSDS program scheduling effort has adopted milestones Contract Start Date 

(CSD), Preliminary Design Review (PDR), Critical Design Review (CDR), 1st 

Launch, and Initial Operating Capability (IOC), provided by NASA to the Level 

C/D activities. The Platform complement and deployment have not been as 

clearly defined therefore platform schedule assumptions have been made based 

on the Space Station Level C/D schedule and the Woods Hole update to the 

Langley Data Base. These assumptions are: 

o POPl will be operationally deployed concurrent with Space Station IOC. 

o POP2 will be deployed six months after POPl. 

o The COP will be deployed six months after POP2. 

Note that POP3, identified in the Langley Data Base, has been associated with 

the growth period and has not been addressed. 

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11 
Schedules for the Space and Ground segments are provided in Section 4.0. 

noted in that section, the schedules are presented in simple bar chart form 

only; identification of key inter-relationships and critical paths were not 

addressed. 

As 

2.4 Advanced Development Recomnendations 

As part of the Program Plan, NASA requested advanced technology development 

recommendations addressing technologies utilized within the study strawman 

definitions that require advanced development but are not covered adequately 

within existing NASA sponsored activitles. Section 5.4 lists technologies 

utilized directly within the strawman designs that will require demonstration 

prior to preliminary design declslons plus those technologies with high 

potential benefit to the SSDS development but which were discarded because of 

high development risk. 

A compilation of the NASA advanced development plans was obtained from two 

sources: flrst and foremost was the Data Management System Advanced 

Development Project Plan; the second source was the Comerce Business Daily 

which was surveyed for supplemental NASA sponsored development. 

The list of Study technologies was mapped onto the NASA advanced development 

plans and evaluated. The evaluation led to the recommendations that the 

following technologies by sponsored in further development: 

o Distributed Data Base Management 

o End-to-End Protocols/Formats 

o Command/Resource Management 

o Flight Qualified AI Machines 

Additional details of the above subjects are provided in the appropriate 

section of this report. 

12 
3.0 Program Cost Estimates 

3.1 In t roduc t i on 

The SSOS is the combination of hardware and software that provides command 

and data management services to Space Station/Platform sub-systems and 

customers, both on orbit and on ground. Both basic segments, On-board and 

Ground have been addressed within the SSDS A/A Study and both have been cost 

estimated as discussed In the following sections. 

The Work Breakdown Structure defined for the Program Plan is presented and 

discussed in Section 3.3; estimated costs are consistent with that structure, 

however cost reporting is generally to the higher levels. 

The costing effort Scope, Groundrules and Assumptions, presented in Sections 

3.2 and 3.4 respectively, significantly bound and tailor the effort and should 

be carefully reviewed to fully understand the subsequent cost summaries. 

Methodologies utilized in Space and Ground segment estimates are provided in 

Section 3.5. 

Finally, the cost summaries are provided in Section 3.6. A sirb-section is 

provided for each segment followed by summaries of the total system. The 

latter summaries provide traditional 'non-recurring' vs 'recurring' break-out 

and estimates of NASA Code S and Code T funding responsibilities. 

The cost methodology and cost data provided in this section represent 

'engineering' estimates and should not be construed as pricing data or be used 

to develop pricing data. 

3.2 Scope 

Cost estimates are provided for the implementation (hardware and software) and 

operation of the SSDS Space and Ground System Definitions as provided in the 

SSDS A/A Task 4 Report. Elements defined to be outside the contractual scope 

of the Study, i.e. unique subsystern/user functions, Communications & Tracking, 

Audio/Video, Ground Distribution Networks, etc. are excluded from this effort. 

13 
Growth phase deslgn/implementation was not defined within the Study and will 

not therefore be estimated. 

spares have been provided for the ten (10) years following IOC and will be 

based on the IOC configuration. 

Ground system operation costs and On-Board system 

The platform complement defined within the Woods Hole update to the Langley 

Mission Data Base provides two (2) polar orbiting platforms (POP'S) and one 

(1) co-orbiting platform (COP) early in the initial operational period of the 

Space Station Program. A third POP is provided in the 1996 time frame. This 

last platform is considered to be part of the growth phase and has not been 

addressed. 

The On-Board Systems definition for the cost effort is provided in Figure 

3.2-1 and Table 3.2-1; the Ground System definition Is provided In Figure 

3.2-2 and Table 3.2-2. The facilities included in the pricing and a summary 

of the hardware items are shown. 

The Software Support Environment tools, hardware and operation and the 

Development, Simulation, Integration b Training capabilities were not included 

in the cost estimates. These dlstributed capabilities were not sufficiently 

defined to be included in the Task 4 Report "strawman" designs and have been 

left to the Level B Contractor studies to design and cost. 

Simulation/Training hardware and software elements are also excluded along 

with ground versions of flight hardware. 

The Onboard SSDS hardware and software components represent only a portion of 

the overall Space Statlon/Platform entities. It is therefore difficult, if 

not less than meaningful, to identlfy unlque SSDS costs within the Launch and 

On-Orbit Assembly/Activation operations. Implementation costs of the On-Board 

system have been truncated at the completion of the integration of the SSDS 

elements lnto their appropriate Launch Packages. 

on-board operatlonal support and subsystem integration support have not been 

estimated; the recurring costs are limited to the hardware production run 

costs. 

Launch and Build-up support 

14 
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Table 3.2 - 1 

On-Board SSDS System Definition (Cost Nodel) 

Space Station 

o Hardware Element2 SDP's NSU's MPAC's BRIDGE'S MQSS STOR's 

(Flt UnitsfSpares) 16/12 381118 615 24/10 5/4 

o Software Elements: 

o Operating Systems: ProcessorIMPAC OS N/W OS 

(KBytes/SLOC's) 16Q/40 410/102.5 

o Applications: APPlication Pams Sa (KBytes/KSLOC's) 

Power 4431 11 1 

GNbC 878/229 

Thermal 761 19 

ECLS 117/29 

Struct IMec h 108/27 

Cr en 219/53 

Coma & Track 451/113 

Info t Data Mgmt 1 6 28 / 4 07 

P/L Accoa 466/117 

16 
Table 3.2 - 1 - Cont'd 

On-Board SSDS System Definition (Cost Model) 

Platf oris 

o Hardware Elements: SLIP'S NIU'5 BRIDGE'S MASS STOR's 

(Flt Units/Spares) 1816 1816 21 I 31 1 

o Software Elements: Note - Figures represent modification effort of 

Space Station baseline software 

o Operatinp Systems: SDP as N/W os 

(KRytesIKSLOC's) 2015 50112.5 

o Apolications: 490 K%ytes/126 KSLOC's 

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Ground operation costs are limited to the stafflng/operations required to 

maintain each facility; mission unique requirements are not estimated. 

Foreign involvment has not been considered in SSDS acquisition and operations 

costing 

Customer generated Income from SSDS Services will not be estimated 

Periods of performance for the cost estimation have been extracted from the 

schedules, also based on the WBS, provided in Section 4.0. 

Total costs and time-phased dIstributIons (by government fiscal year) are 

summarized in Section 3.6 in the following formats: 

o On-Board and Ground System costs 

o Full system costs 

o Non-Recurring vs Recurring Costs 

o Code T and Code S cost responsjbilities 

In all the above costs are provided in 1987 dollars, (escalated from 1985 

dollars by a factor of 1.124). 

3.3 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 

The following Work Breakdown Structure has been generated for the SSDS A/A 

Study Program Plan Cost and Schedule Effort. Table 3.3-1 provldes the WBS in 

tabular form; Figure 3.3-1 provides the WBS in graphic form. Table 3.3-2 

provides the WBS Dictionary. 

21 
Table 3.3-1 

SSDS A/A STUDY PROGRAN PLAN WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE 

0.0 SSDS 

1.0 SPACE SEGMENT 

1.1 SPACE STATION 

1.1.1 HARDWARE 

1.1.1.1 PROCESSORS 

1 . 1 .l .2 NETWORK INTERF 

1.1.1.3 BRIDGES 

1.1.1.4 GATEWAYS 

UNIT 

1.1.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORK 

1.1.1 -6 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

1.1.1.7 WORKSTATIONS 

1.1.2 SOFTWARE 

1.1.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEM 

1 -1 -2.2 APPLICATION 

1 .l .2.3 MAINTENANCE 

1.1 -3 INTEGRATION 

1.2 CO-ORBITING PLATFORM 

1 .2.1 HARDWARE 

1.2.1.1 PROCESSORS 

1.2.1.2 NIU'S 

1.2.1.3 BRIDGES 

1.2.1.4 GATEWAYS 

1.2.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORK 

1.2.1.6 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

1 .2.2 SOFTWARE 

1 .2.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEM 

1.2.2.2 APPLICATION 

1.2.3 INTEGRATION 

1.3 POLAR ORBITING PLATFORM 

1 .3.1 HARDWARE 

1.3.1.1 PROCESSORS 

1.3.1.2 NIU'S 

1.3.1.3 BRIDGES 

1 .3.1 .4 GATEWAYS 

1.3.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORK 

1.3.1.6 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

1 .3.2 SOFTWARE 

1 -3.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEM 

1.3.2.2 APPLICATION 

1.3.3 INTEGRATION 

(NIU'S) 

22 
Table 3.3-1 (cont'd) 

2.0 GROUND SEGMENT 

2.1 DATA HANDLING CENTER 

2.1 .l HARDWARE 

2.1 -1 -1 PROCESSORS 

2.1 -1.2 NIU'S 

2.1.1.3 BRIDGES 

2.1.1.4 GATEWAYS 

2.1.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

2.1 .l -6 LOCAL BUSSES 

2.1.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

2.1.1.8 WORKSTATIONS 

2.1.2 SOFTWARE 

2.1 .2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.1 .2.2 APPLICATION 

2.1.3 FACILITY INTEGRATION & ACTIVATION 

2.2 LEVEL ZERO PROCESSING FACILITY (LZPF) - GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (GSFC) 

LOW- RATE 

2.2.1 HARDWARE 

2.2.1.1 

2.2.1.2 

2.2.1.3 

2.2.1.4 

2.2.1.5 

2.2.1 -6 

2.2.1.7 

2.2.1.8 

PROCESSORS 

NIU'S 

BRIDGES 

GATEWAYS 

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

LOCAL BUSSES 

MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

WORKSTATIONS 

2.2.2 SOFTWARE 

2.2.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.2.2.2 APPLICATION 

2.2.3 FACILITY INTEGRATION 

2.3 LEVEL ZERO PROCESSING FACILITY - GSFC HIGH-RATE 

2.3.1 HARDWARE 

2.3.1 .l PROCESSORS 

2.3.1.2 NIU'S 

2.3.1 -3 BRIDGES 

2.3.1.4 GATEWAYS 

2.3.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

2.3.1.6 LOCAL BUSSES 

2.3.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

2.3.1.8 WORKSTATIONS 

2.3.2 SOFTWARE 

2.3.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.3.2.2 APPLICATION 

2.3.3 FACILITY INTEGRATION 

23 
Table 3.3-1 (cont'd) 

2.4 LEVEL ZERO PROCESSING FACILITY - JET PROPULSION LABORATORY (JPL) HIGH-RATE 

2.4.1 HARDWARE 

2.4.1 .l PROCESSORS 

2.4.1.2 NIU'S 

2.4.1.3 BRIDGES 

2.4.1 .4 GATEWAYS 

2.4.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

2.4.1.6 LOCAL BUSSES 

2.4.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

2.4.1.8 WORKSTATIONS 

2.4.2 SOFTWARE 

2.4.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.4.2.2 APPLICATION 

2.4.3 FACILITY INTEGRATION 

2.5 GROUND SERVICES CENTER 

2.5.1 HARDWARE 

2.5.1.1 PROCESSORS 

2.5.1.2 NIU'S 

2.5.1.3 BRIDGES 

2.5.1.4 GATEWAYS 

2.5.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

2.5.1 .6 LOCAL BUSSES 

2.4.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

2.5.1 .8 WORKSTATIONS 

2.5.2 SOFTWARE 

2.5.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.5.2.2 APPLICATION 

2.5.3 FACILITY INTEGRATION 

2.6 SPACE STATION OPERATIONAL CONTROL CENTER 

2.6.1 HARDWARE 

2.6.1 .l PROCESSORS 

2.6.1.2 NIU'S 

2.6.1.3 BRIDGES 

2.6.1.4 GATEWAYS 

2.6.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

2.6.1 .6 LOCAL BUSSES 

2.6.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

2.6.1.8 WORKSTATIONS 

2.6.2 SOFTWARE 

2.6.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.6.2.2 APPLICATION 

2.6.3 FACILITY INTEGRATION 

24 
Table 3.3-1 (cont'd) 

2.7 SPACE STATION ENGINEERING DATA CENTER 

2.7.1 HARDWARE 

2.7.1.1 PROCESSORS 

2.7.1.2 NIU'S 

2.7.1.3 BRIDGES 

2.7.1 .4 GATEWAYS 

2.7.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

2.7.1.6 LOCAL BUSSES 

2.7.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

2.7.1.8 WORKSTATIONS 

2.7.2 SOFTWARE 

2.7.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.7.2.2 APPLICATION 

2.7.3 FACILITY INTEGRATION 

2.8 POP/COP CONTROL CENTER 

2.8.1 HARDWARE 

2.8.1 .l PROCESSORS 

2.8.1.2 NIU'S 

2.8.1.3 BRIDGES 

2.8.1.4 GATEWAYS 

2.8.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

2.8.1.6 LOCAL BUSSES 

2.8.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

2.8.1.8 WORKSTATIONS 

2.8.2 SOFTWARE 

2.8.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.8.2.2 APPLICATION 

2.8.3 FACILITY.INTEGRATION 

2.9 POP/COP ENGINEERING DATA CENTER 

2.9.1 HARDWARE 

2.9.1 .l PROCESSORS 

2.9.1.2 NIU'S 

2.9.1.3 BRIDGES 

2.9.1.4 GATEWAYS 

2.9.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS 

2.9.1 .6 LOCAL BUSSES 

2.9.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES 

2.9.1.8 WORKSTATIONS 

2.9.2 SOFTWARE 

2.9.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS 

2.9.2.2 APPLICATION 

2.9.3 FACILITY INTEGRATION 

3.0 MANAGEMENT 

3.1 SPACE SEGMENT 

3.2 GROUND SEGMENT 

25 
Table 3.3-1 (cont'd) 

4.0 SYSTEM ENGINEERING & INTEGRATION (SE&I) 

4.1 SPACE SEGMENT 

4.2 GROUND SEGMENT 

5.0 PRODUCT ASSURANCE 

5.1 SPACE SEGMENT 

5.2 GROUND SEGMENT 

6.0 SYSTEM TEST & VERIFICATION 

6.1 SPACE SEGMENT 

6.2 GROUND SEGMENT 

7.0 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (GSE) 

8.0 OPERATIONS & SUPPORT 
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Table 3.3-2 

WBS DICTIONARY 

X.1 HARDWARE (General): Contract End Item (Black Box) costs 

Includes: 

o DDTLE Costs 

o Production (& Spares) costs 

X.X.l.1 PROCESSORS: All SSDS processors used on-orbit or on-ground 

X.X.1.2 NIU's: All network interface units used on-orbit on on-ground 

X.X.1.3 BRIDGES: All bridges used to interconnect SSDS Local Area Networks 

(LAN's) 

X.X.1.4 GATEWAYS: All SSDS gateways 

X.X.1.5 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS: All hardware associated with the on-board and 

ground LAN's 

X.X.1.6 LOCAL BUSSES: All local (back end) and point-to-point bussing used in 

on-board and on-ground systems 

X.X.1.7 MASS STORAGE DEVICES: All mass storage devices and associated support 

hardware 

X.X.1.8 WORKSTATIONS: All workstations and associated hardware, on-board and 

on-ground 

X.2 SOFTWARE (General): Software costs will include: 

o Design, Development, Coding, Verification & Validation 

X.X.2.1 OPERATING SYSTEMS: All Network Operating System (NOS) and Operating 

Systems (OS) software 

X.X.2.2 APPLICATION: All other non-NOS and OS software 

X.X.3 INTEGRATION: All efforts to integrate the SSDS within Space Station 

Program Element (SSPE) 

28 
Table 3.3-2 (cont'd) 

3.0 MANAGEMENT 

The management task consists of Buslness/Technical Mgmt, Configuration Mgmt, 

and Data/Information Mgmt. The Buslness/Technical Mgmt effort is required to 

provide services of Project Manager's staff, configuration management prepares 

and maintains the Configuration Management Plan and implementing procedures. 

The Data/Informatlon Management is that effort required to assure that all 

responsibilities for preparation of contracturally required deliverable 

documentation/data/lnformation are defined, assigned, scheduled, and statused; 

data needs are met. 

4.0 SYSTEM ENGINEERING AND INTEGRATION 

This task consists of the efforts required to perform and direct the system 

engineering, analyses, and integration activities in support of the design and 

development activities. 

5.0 PRODUCT ASSURANCE 

This element contains the effort required for the planning, conduct and 

support of the quality assurance, reliability, and safety and maintainability 

programs for both On-Board and Ground System. 

6.0 SYSTEM TEST h VERIFICATION 

Includes test equipment and operations by which the prime contractor will 

integrate, test and verify On-Board and/or Ground segment system level 

hardware and software. 

7.0 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT 

Includes the labor and materlal required to design, develop, manufacture, 

procure, assemble, test, checkout and deliver all of the various GSE hardware 

required for On-Board system checkout and final assembly. The GSE 

requirements include the equipment needed for test and checkout, fault 

isolation, handling and transportation. 

8.0 OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT 

Includes all ground efforts to support core system and maintain facility 

operations. Includes all non-mission unique activities. Activities include 

operations planning, scheduling, core systems monitoring, engineering data 

processing and archiving, etc. 
I 

3.4 Cost Estimation Ground Rules and Assumptions 

In developing detailed and summary costs, the following ground-rules and 

assumptions have been adopted. 

o Contractor fees and NASA "wrap" costs have not been estimated. 

o Acquisition, modification, and operational costs for Inst.itutiona1 

facilities outside the SSDS boundaries are excluded. 

o Operational costs for existing and/or currently planned NASA Test Beds, 

Simulation Systems and Facilities are excluded. 

o H/W and S/W products have been considered as new development for the 

On-Board segment. 

o All costs are expressed in fY 1987 dollars. 

o Facility brick and mortar costs are excluded. 

o Application software for both Space and Ground segments will be 

estimated. 

o Hardware has been assumed to be common between Space Station and 

platforms (both COP and POP), thus eliminating development costs for platform 

equipment. Radiation hardening costs for the polar platform were not 

considered. 

o Operational (Ground segment) costs are provided in man-years/year. 

o Recurring hardware (flight units/spares production) will be produced at 

cost effective production rate. 

30 
3.5 Costinq Methodologies 

As noted in the introduction to Section 3.0, the cost estimations provided 

here-in have been somewhat coarse due to schedule and resource limitations. 

Costs have been generally based on empirical approximations, end-item 

comparisons, and engineering estimates. Identified methodologies are listed 

In the following two sections addressing Space segment and Ground segment 

estimates respec ti ve 1 y . 

3.5.1 Space Seqment Methodoloqies 

o Spares Requirements: The required number of spares was computed by 

ass umi ng : 

1) a re-supply interval of 3 months for the Space Statlon and a 

6 month interval for the platforms. 

2) a unit MTBF of 10,000 hours when powered and 100,000 when not 

powered. 

3) redundant platform elements are powered off until needed. 

4) a 99% probability that the minimum required hardware complement 

is available. 

o Software Sizing: Memory sizlng was ignored when identified as buffer 

storage (C&T-400 KBytes, IDMS-950 KBytes, Cust. P/L-2MBytes). Bytes were 

converted to source lines of code (SLOC) by the factor 4 bytes/SLOC. Because 

of the enforcement of commonality, the size of the unique S/W for POP1 was 

assumed to be 10% of the Space Station S/W size and 5% was assumed for POP2 

and COP. 

o System Test and Verlficatlon: Costed as a 10 man level of effort (LOE) 

for each STS launch package; 3 concurrent events for the Space Station and 1 

event for each platform. Application S/W support was assumed to be provided 

by the subsystem contractor. 

31 
o Hardware Elements: The Subsystem data Processor (SOP), Network 

Interface Unit (NIU), and Bridge (6) elements were considered to be of equal 

complexity and cost; their cost was based on the Orbiter upgrade computer. 

The non-recurring cost for these components was based on the modification 

effort for a comparable unit being developed for another program. 

Workstation (WS) and Mass Storage (MS) costs were based on Orbiter and other 

current program experience. 

The 

o Ground Support Equipment: The GSE requirements were based on the need to 

support four facilities and production simultaneously. Unique equipment was 

assumed for each hardware element with a total of 8 each for the SOP, NIU and 

8, and 6 each for the MS and WS. 

o Software Development/Matntenance: OS and NOS software development was 

costed using a 65 SLOC/man-month productivity factor over a three year 

period. Follow-on maintenance until launch utilized a productivity of 6000 

SLOC/man-month LO€. 

application software were 110 SLOC/man-month and 15000 SLOC/man-month LOE 

respectively. 

Development and maintenance factors utilized for 

These factors are based on STS program experience. 

o Labor: Labor was estimated at $105,00O/yr-man, (1985). 

o Data Management System (DMS) Integration: OMS integration costs for the 

Space Station include a facilities cost of t16M (1985) and a 20 man LO€; each 

platform cost consisted only of a 10 man LOE. 

o Product Assurance: Product Assurance was estimated as 4% of the 

recurring hardware cost. Software QA costs are included in the productivity 

factors. 

o System Engineering and Integration/Management: SE&I costs were 

estimated as 15% of the S/W, H/W and GSE cdsts; management (includes project 

and line management) costs were estimated as 15% of all other costs. 

32 
3.5.2 Ground Segment Methodologies 

o Design, development, testing and engineering (DDT&E): DDT&E for 

Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) equipment are zero; DDT&E costs for 

special-build hardware were not shared between facilities for similar equipment. 

o Hardware Procurement: All hardware was considered to be purchased, not 

leased; no volume purchase discounts were considered. 

o Application Software: Application software costs are 3 to 4 times the 

cost of the associated processor hardware. 

o Software Commonality: The re-use of applications software between a 

Space Stdtion and a Platform facility was not assumed. 

o Application Software Maintenance: Annual applications software 

maintenance costs are 20% of the development costs and are not shown. 

o Facility Integration: Facility Activation and System Integration were 

estimated as 15% of the total H/W and S/W costs for the facility. 

o Facility Operational Staffing: It was assumed that key facility 

positions were continuously manned. It is recognized that if scheduling of 

mission actlvitles was optimized with respect to the ground controller crew, 

the number of controllers could be reduced. This was not considered likely or 

desirable however, due to scheduling complications and the requirement for 

contingency support. 

33 
3.6 Cost Summaries 

3.6 

The 

est 

1 %ace Seqment 

total cost for implementation of the Space Segment, as bounded by the 

mation scope, ground rules and assumptions is 3634.6M. In summary this 

flgure represents the implementation cost to develop and support the SSDS 

Space Segment through integration into the appropriate launch packages; costs 

beyond that point, 1.e. for support of launch, build-up support and subsequent 

operations are not Included. It Is noted, however, that some (pre-IOC) 

software maintenance for both OS/NOS and application programs is included in 

these estimates. 

These costs are all non-recurrlng with the exception of hardware production 

run costs. Summation of these costs yields a distribution of 3160.1M 

Recurring, and 3474.5M Non-Recurring. 

Cost estimates for the individual WBS elements are provided in Table 3.6.1-1. 

Details of the hardware development/recurring costs and software 

sizing/development costs for both the Space Station and platform(s) are 

provided in Figures 3.6.1-1 through 3.6.1-6. 

Time-phased distributions of these elements are provided in Figures 3.6.1-7 

through 3.6.1-1 5. 

34 
WBS 

1.1 

1.2 

1.3 

1.3 

3.1 

4.1 

5.1 

6.1 

7.1 

Table 3.6.1-1 

SPACE SEGMENT SUMMARY COSTS 

DESCRIPTION RECURRING (SM) NON-RECURRING ($M) 

Space Statlon 63.2 248.7 

COP 32.3 10.6 

POP 1 32.3 16.6 

POP 2 32.3 10.0 

Management 0 82.7 

SE&I 0 66.2 

Product Assurance 0 7.2 

System Test b Verlf 0 12.5 

Ground Support Equipment 0 20.6 

TOTALS : 160.1 474.5 

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3.6.2 Ground Segment Costs 

3.6.2.1 Implementation Costs 

The implementation cost for the Ground Segment, again as bounded by the 

estimation scope, ground rules and assumptions, is f509.01M. This figure 

represents the full development and integration costs for ground system 

readiness to support IOC. The estimates utilized a large percentage of 

Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware whlch is categorized as "recurrent" 

costs; the total implementation cost breaks down to S160.05M Recurring and 

t348.96M Non-Recurring. 

Costs for the indlvldual WBS elements are provided in Table 3.6.2-1. 

Tlme-phased distributlons are provided in Flgure 3.6.2-1 through 3.6.2-22. 

51 
WBS 

2.1 

2.2 

2.3 

2.4 

2.5 

2.6 

2.7 

2.8 

2.9 

3.2 

4.2 

5.2 

6.2 

Table 3.6.2-1 

Ground Segment Summary Costs 

DESCRIPTION RECURRING (tM) 

DATA HANDLING CENTER 29.4 

LZPF GSFC LO-RATE 11.4 

LZPF GSFC HI-RATE 23.4 

LZPF JPL HI-RATE 8.4 

GROUND SERVICES CENTER 2.88 

SPACE STATION OPERATION 27.73 

CONTROL CENTER 

SPACE STATION ENGINEERING 16.97 

DATA CENTER 

PLATFORM CONTROL CENTER 22.9 

POP/COP ENGINEERING 16.97 

DATA CENTER 

MANAGEMENT 0 

SE&I 0 

PRODUCT ASSURANCE 0 

SYSTEM TEST & VERIF 0 

NON-RECURRING ($MI 

33.2 

12.3 

15.5 

9.7 

5.94 

54.88 

33.60 

43.62 

33.60 

20.33 

29.65 

1.865 

54.77 

TOTALS (tM) 160.05 348.96 

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3.6.2.2 ODerational Costs 

Operational staffing for each of the ground facilities was estimated in this 

costing effort. As noted in the ground rules and assumptions, it was 

difficult to separate generic staffing from mission unique requirements 

therefore that visibility is not provided. 

provided based on 24-hour coverage. These operatlonal costs in man-years per 

year are provided in Table 3.6.2-2. 

In addition, the staffing is 

Table 3.6.2-2 

GROUND SEGMENT OPERATIONAL COSTS 

FACILITY 

DHC 

LZPF GSFC LO-RATE 

LZPF GSFC HI-RATE 

LZPF JPL HI-RATE 

GSC 

ssocc 

SSEDC 

P/F CC 

POP/COPEDC 

STAFFING 

(MANYEARWYEAR) 

36 

52 

52 

28 

32 

276 

4 

136 

36 

75 
3.6.3 Total SSDS Implementation Costs 

The total implementation costs for the SSDS is simply the summation of the 

Onboard and Ground Systems costs provided in sections 3.6.1 and 3.6.2. This 

total is $1,143.58# and consists of 3339.02M Recurring plus f804.56M 

Non-Recurring. Distribution of these costs across the WBS elements is 

provided in Table 3.6.3-1. 

3.6.4 Code S/Code T Estimated Funding Responsibilities 

As part of the costing esttmation effort, NASA requested estimates of the 

Code S and Code T element funding responsibilities. The first effort was to 

develop an allocation of Onboard and Ground System components to a 

Code S/Code T implementatlon/operation responsibility matrix. This matrix, 

provided as Appendix A to this report, was generated based on NASA provided 

inputs and guidelines. 

Based on the allocation matrix, the total element costs are: 

Code S: f814.9M Code 1: f328.7M 

Time-phased cost distrlbutlons of the allocated costs are provided in Figure 

3.6.4-1. 

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4.0 SSDS Program Schedules 

Program scheduling is necessarily the fundamental effort of any successful 

Program Plan. It provides the time-lines and key project milestones against 

which the cost and man-power resources must be metered. It allows over-view 

of critical task phasing in supporting initial feasibility determinations 

against project milestones and provides an on-going tool to evaluate effects 

of program perturbations. 

4.1 Introduction 

-The intent of thls section is to provide over-view schedules of the SSDS 

ImplementatIon efforts. The schedules are consistent with the Work Breakdown 

Structure (WBS) of Section 3.3 although scheduling resolution is only to the 

third level (X.X.X) WBS elements. Separate schedules are provided for the 

On-Board and Ground Systems primarily to maintaln manageable presentations. 

4.2 Scope 

The schedules provided are limited to the SSDS On-Board and Ground Systems as 

basically defined in the Task 4 Report, Sections 6.0 and 7.0 respectively. 

The schedule provided are in the form of slmple bar charts. Gantt or Pert 

chart formats identifying the underlying complexities, critical paths, etc., 

are beyond the remaining resource capability of the study. 

As in the case of the costlng effort, the SSE and DSIT elements of the SSOS 

have not been addressed. 

4.3 Ground-Rules and Assumptions 

The following represent the significant ground-rules and assump 

in developing the schedules. 

ions utilized 

1. Major program mllestones have been adopted from those of the current 

Level C/D planning 

79 
2. The first platform, deflned by the Langley Data Base as POP 1 will be 

deployed coincident with Station IOC; POP 2 and then the COP will follow on 

6-month intervals. POP 3, also identified in the Langley Data Base has not 

been addressed. 

3. The 'core support' elements of the SSOS Ground System must be in place 

and operational to support the first launch. 

4.4 Methodoloqy 

The methodologies utilized for the schedule development have been engineering 

estimations based on insight and experience with prior programs. 

4.5 Schedules 

The On-Board system schedule and required WBS defined support item and Ground 

Systems schedule and required WBS defined support items are provided in ~ 

Figures 4.5.1 and 4.5.2 respectively. 

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I 
5.0 ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 

5.1 INTRODUCTION 

NASA has forecast technology development requirements for the Space Station 

Program based on earlier studies/analysls of the developing design 

requirements, and is supporting/funding those technologies through advanced 

development (A/D) project plans. It is the intent of this section to evaluate 

technology issues identified by the MDAC SSDS A/A Study against these NASA 

advanced development plans. 

A summary of the NASA SSDS applicable advanced development tasks is provided 

in Section 5.3. 

Study are provided in Section 5.4 and the conclusions/recommendations 

resulting from the evaluation Is provided in Section 5.5. 

Advanced Technology Development candidates identified by the 

5.2 SCOPE 

This effort will be limited to an assessment of those technologies directly 

utilized by the MDAC Study Task 4 System Definitions and to technologies that 

were discounted during the Task 3 trade studies because of "development 

risk". By NASA direction, only NASA sponsored development activities will be 

addressed; current/proposed industry IR&D activities have not been considered 

and were not factored into the Section 5.5 recommendations. 

5.3 NASA ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT SUMMARY 

The NASA advanced development summary provided in this section is an 

extraction from two basic sources. The first is the "Space Station Data 

Management Advanced Development Project Plan" provided directly by NASA; the 

second source is the Commerce Business Daily which was surveyed for additional 

NASA sponsored activities in the SSDS technology areas. 

The items In this section represent the study team assessment of. the over-all 

NASA SSDS oriented advanced development plans. 

83 
o SSE Development Activities - JSC: Development of direct analytical 

support required for synthesis of SSE requirements in coherent formulations 

suitable for end-item management products. 

(SSE Computer) capability for evaluation of SSE software. 

JSC also to provide a prototyping 

o ADA Evaluation/Implementation - JSC, Marshall Space Flight Center 

(MSFC), National Space Technology Laboratory (NSTL): JSC to develop 

guidelines for use of Ada for SSE and to evaluate detailed implications of Ada 

applied to 'real time' applications requiring rigorous verification. NSTL to 

code the Payload Simulator (Ref. Task 40) in Ada. 

o Network/Bus Interface Unlts - JSC, GSFC: GSFC to design/prototype a 

hardware BIU for testing the GSFC Star Bus system. JSC to produce a 

commercially-derived "Multi-compatible Network Interface Unit", consistent 

with the OS1 model, to support differing topologies. 

o Gateway Development - GSFC: Development and prototyping of a gateway to 

couple the networks being developed at JSC and GSFC. 

o Workstation Development - LARC: Development of a state-of-the-art 

flight type workstation for evaluation in the Test Bed. Will incorporate 

findings from 'User Interface' tasks. 

o Space Qualified Computers - JPL: An assessment of VHSIC technology and 

Its Impact/applicability to IOC. Also Includes development of steps required 

to harden candidate processors against SEU and total dose affects. 

a4 
o User Accommodatlon/Interface Definition - GSFC, JSC: GSFC to prototype 

actual 'tail circuit' designs suitable for interface with representative 

payloads and for use In conjunction wlth DMS Test Bed. GSFC to define access 

protocols/techniques for user Interface to DMS services. GSFC to develop a 

set of candidate techniques for payload command and control scenarios to be 

evaluated on the DMS Test Bed. GSFC, JSC to define requirements for standard 

user interface capablllty for on-board and ground access to DMS services. 

o OMS Stmulator - MSFC: Development of a rudimentary DMS Simulator to be 

used by the ACS Test Bed. 

o End-to-end Activity - JSC: The merging of the DMS Test Bed in an 

end-to-end sense with customer (GSFC), C b T, and JSC Ground Support 

Operations Center Test Beds. Planning and conduct of specific end-to-end 

testqng using prototype ground workstations to establish ground flight 

controller interface requirements Is also included. 

o Color Flat Panel Display LaRC: In conjunction with the Navy, and Army 

(ERADCOM), NASA Is funding/managlng a 2-phase contract with Planar Systems to 

develop a full color, electro-eluminescent display panel. Phase 1 is the 

development of thin film primary phosphor technique; the phase 2 goal is the 

development of a 6" diagonal, 240 X 320 pixel, full color display. 

85 
5.3.1 Space Station Data Manaqement Advanced Development Project Plan 

The "Space Station Data Management System Advanced Development Project Plan" 

consists of 42 separable tasks assigned to various NASA Centers to provide a 

coherent program for the development of tools and technologies targeted to the 

On-Board Data Management and the Software Support Environment. 

summary of the project plan tasks is provided in Appendix D. 

A complete 

A number of the tasks are dedicated to the development/implementation of an 

operational Data Management System Test Bed. The remalning tasks are 

summarized by general subject below: 

o Network Evaluation - Ames Research Center (ARC): An ongoing capability 

to comprehensively evaluate the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Fiber 

Optics Data System (FODS) network (Task 7); this Capability is being expanded 

to model the Johnson Space Center (JSC) Fiber Distributed Data Interface 

(FDDI) Token Ring system (Task 13) and the IBM unique network in development 

(IR&D). 

o Network Operating System - JSC, GSFC: Both centers are to develop and 

prototype complementary NOS segments, derived from commercial products, 

compatible with the Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) Model. The two 

segments are to be combined into one NOS for use on either the GSFC or JSC 

network topologies. 

o International Standards Organization (ISO/OSI) Model Implementations: 

Commercial implementations and evolving industry standards are being 

comprehensively evaluated. 

o LISP Processor/Expert Systems - JSC: Implementation of a LISP processor 

capability to host contractor developed "expert systems". 

86 
5.3.2 Survey Of Commerce Business Daily (CBD) 

Two entries in the CBD were Identified as independent from and supplemental to 

the activities of Section 5.3.1. These entry/activities are: 

1. Non-Volatile Solid State Memory - LaRC (CBD Pub. Date 9/7/84): 

Demonstration of a high data rate, non-volatile solid state memory. 

of work encompasses definition of two functional models using Metal Nitride 

Oxide Semiconductor (MNOS) and Silicon Nitride oxide Semiconductor (SNOS) 

devices. 

The scope 

2. Optical Olsk Recorder (10 Gigabit) - GSFC (CBD Pub. Date 1/17/85): 

Development of ruggedized versions of commercially available technology. 

initial phase will utilize available “write-once“ devices then will address 

eraseable disk technology. 

The 

5.4 SSDS A/ A Study Technolow DeveloDment Candidates 

In the course of the SSOS A/A Study, options developed in support of the 

functional’ requirements were evaluated within associated Task 3 Trade Studies 

to determine the preferred approach/technologies. In these trade studies, 

projected availability/development risk was a primary evaluation parameter. 

Consequently, the Task 4 system definitions include some “fall-backt’ solutions 

in cases where technically superior technologies were discounted because of 

development risk. 

plans, the set of advanced development candidates provided here includes not 

only technologies used directly In the Study system definitions but also those 

that, with intensive development, would provide a significant payoff for the 

Space Station Program. The total candidate list therefore consists of the 

following: 

To support a more comprehensive evaluation of the NASA 

87 
o Fiber Optic Network: The ANSI X3T9.5, a lOOMbps, ring topology, token 

access format network was selected for the On-Board local area network (LAN) 

design. This emerging standard must be prototyped/evaluated in support of 

preliminary SSDS design decisions. 

o NIU: The Network Interface Unit for the On-Board system has been 

functionally defined to support OS1 layer 1 through layer 4 services, and 

defined protocols, while satisfying the lOOMbps network data rate. 

device must be prototyped and evaluated in terms of functionality and 

performance (throughput) in support of preliminary design decisions. 

Comparable devices being developed on Do0 programs have demonstrated the NIU 

device to be in the critical path of the data processing system development. 

Hardware complexity is a design concern. This is reflected in terms of 

overall high parts count, high speed requirements related to the 100 Mbps 

fiber optic interface, a necessity for extensive built-in fault detection to 

maintain bus topology fault tolerance, and a layered design to accommodate 

technology insertion for post IOC. 

This 

o SDP: The standard data processor for the On-Board system was defined 

with a performance of 2MIPS and a 4MByte memory. Fault tolerance will be a 

requirement. VHSIC technology is anticipated with its performance and 

potential total dose radiation advantages. However the probability of a VHSIC 

SDP design to support IOC Is questionable. Single event upset phenomenon will 

also remain an issue. 

It is currently anticipated that the selection of an instruction set 

architecture must be made essentially at Space Station phase C/O contract 

start date. Since the onboard Data Management Subsystem must lend the other 

subsystem development, an off-the-shelf SOP might be a necessity. This 

implies that flight qualifiable a 2 MIP-4Mbyte design must exist within the 

next two years. If this is the case, then NASA must Initlate near term 

activity related to the SDP. 

88 
o Protocols/Formats: Of the ISO/OSI for the LAN's and the CCSDS 

definitions for the Space-Space, and Space-Ground communication links. is a 

essentially a Program given. 

formats, packet switching and data distribution, will result in additional 

evolution of at least the CCSDS formats/structures. However, in order to meet 

space station requirements some changes to the detailed CCSDS formats must be 

End-to-end design, in terms of coherent packet 

made. Overt action is requested on NASA's part to cause this to occur. 

o Distributed Network Operating System: For the On-Board System, a 

networking, distributed processing architecture was defined supported by a 

distributed operating system. The DOS was functionally defined at a 

relatively high level and represents a significant development risk. 

the space station complexity has never been designed and built before. 

Several systems in DoD programs have developed requirements and initiated 

breadboard level testing but none have been successful to-date. Partitioning 

of DOS functions between the SDP and the NIU along with what level of dynamic 

reconfiguration which can be allowed at the network level pose considerable 

alternatives. Network level redundancy management schemes may or may not be 

integral to the DOS design. Early function allocation and designs should be 

prototyped and exercised in a test bed environment. 

A DOS of 

o Distributed Data Base Management System (DBMS): The extensive amount of 

On-Board and On-Ground data must be updated and manipulated with a defined 

data consistency and minimal query response times. A distributed DBMS was 

selected for the On-Board design but represents a development risk. 

Commercial developments of distributed DBMS'S have been under development for 

several years but no significant capability releases are in use to date. The 

ability to maintain a real time distributed data base and concurrently to 

provide application software a reasonable quantity of historical snapshots of 

the same data as well as other correlatable data poses a challenging DBMS 

design. 

o Command/Resource Management: Allocation of resources to full payload 

complements and 

Station/Platform 

while supporting 

study made some 

nsuring that payload commands do not jeopardize the 

health and welfare or data quality of other payloads all 

telescience concept, is a major development item. The MDAC 

n-roads on the subject but the concepts and methodologies 

89 
were not completed. 

pivotal to the customer utility. To complicate matters further the 

considerations of privacy and security provide other constraints in the 

comnand management implementation. The dynamics of the onboard core and 

payload state makes for a tremendous bookkeeping problem along with convenient 

methods for predictability of resource utilization. 

This subject, In conjunction with mission scheduling is 

Both commands and resource definition require large amounts of data. However, 

the most difficult thing to cope with is the development of the algorithms to 

use this data in a predictive and deterministic manner. Prototyping of these 

algorithms should be initiated as soon as possible in order to develop 

Implementation options. 

command delays need to be determined in order to assess computing requirements 

in terms of throughput, local memory and mass memory requirements. The 

questions of what level of parallellsm can be achieved because of a 

distributed processor architecture must be analyzed and options developed. 

This also could have distributed operating system requirements implications. 

Telescience transparency of commands and actual 

o Read/Write Optical- Disk: Re-writeable high speed, random access, high 

volume, mass storage is a fundamental requirement for the On-Orbit elements. 

The optical disk technology is being strongly supported based on 

government/industry needs however there remains some IOC readiness risk. Key 

application areas benefiting from this capability are the following: 

A. Ruffering of delayable payload data both in space 

6. On-board space station data base. 

Buffering requirements for payload 

space base to 5x1Ol1 bits for the POP. 

base mass storage includes manuals and 

information with requirements has been 

bits. 

data ranges from 2~10~’ bits for the 

Typical on-board space station data 

procedures, software and scheduling 

estimated to be in the order of 2x10 9 

90 
Eraseable optical disk Is a relatively new technology that has the high 

With proper 

capacity and transfer rate characteristics that make it a potential candidate 

for both On-Board and Ground data buffer/storage applications. 

funding this device can be developed and ready for use in the 1992 timeframe. 

. 

o User Test and Control (Interface) Language: Development of a high level 

control language is key to the user friendliness, productivity, and 

telescience drivers. Experience with the Launch Procession System (LPS) goal 

language usage has shown too much tight coupling of the use of the language 

with the details of the LPS hardware architecture. The MDAC team has had 

simi,lar experiences with supposed generic comnercial test systems. The 

ability to develop a space station test and control language, its attendant 

preprocessors and architecture dependant execution restrictions and further 

without requiring the user to emulate computer programmer thought processes is 

a real challenge. To achieve the desire implementation goals will be a 

development process requiring user participation and feedback. 

prototyping of many of the desirable language features should be initiated 

immediately in order for the evolving requirements to be developed. The 

design of the language has to accommodate a large spectrum of users 

encompassing software developers, test engineers, scientists and ground 

controllers. While this may suggest many subsets, the ability to integrate 

these subsets into cost effective and practical size wise software 

implementation will require innovative designs. 

Rapid 

o Flight Qualified AI Processors/Expert Systems: These elements were not 

selected for the MDAC System Definitions however they represent significant 

gains in meeting productivity, and autonomy drivers in the areas of 

scheduling, maintenance (and trouble-shooting) , etc. Expert systems have 

emerged in the commercial world to a degree that several implementations are 

being use in a highly improved productivity applications. However, the 

implementations have been accomplished using small 6-10 engineer/programmer 

teams. Several applications for the space station promise significant 

productivity improvements if both the algorithms/inference engine designs can 

be developed. One such Candidate is scheduling of space station resources, 

whether it be for power, thermal control or crew time. Of sjgnificance is the 

91 
size of the development team required for this deslgn. It certainly is an 

order of magnitude greater than has been done to date. To implement such a 

system onboard the space station would very likely require a flight qualified 

special purpose AI processor. While it is not expected that such processor 

will be available for IOC it is anticipated that they would be available 

shortly after IOC. Consequently, the slgnlficant increase in productivity and 

hence cost reduction is attractive enough for NASA to consider funding some 

development in this area. 

o Color Flat Panel Displays: This technology, targetted primarily for 

On-Board workstations/displays, provides a distinct advantage over 

monochromatic displays which would result in gains in user/operator 

productivity. Color provides the potential for greatly increasing information 

coding capability and flexibility, as well as for reducing visual search time 

on complex displays. Secondly, luminance requirements can be reduced without 

a reduction in visibility of displayed information because of the addition of 

chromatic contrast. Color also provides for a greater degree of user 

productivity because of the aesthetic preference for working with color 

displays. 

This technology is at an immature level. The advantages of brightness, 

contrast ratio, and viewing angle of thin film electro-illuminescent (TFEL) 

technology over the more mature color LCD technology dictate that advanced 

development effort be devoted to color TFEL. TFEL phosphors for red, blue, 

and green colors have been successfully developed, but have yet to reach 

performance levels obtained by manganese-doped zinc sulphide, the material 

used to produce yellow panels. Research effort needs to be directed toward 

development of new phosphors, and in particular, for the development of an 

efficient blue phosphor. 

5.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 

Evaluation of the NASA advanced development (A/D) plans against the candidate 

list provided in Section 5.4 led to the conclusion that a number of 

technologies need additional speclal emphasis and that the NASA A/D plans 

should be so adjusted. 

recommendations, are identified below. 

These technologies, with the A/D adjustment 

92 
1. Distributed Data Base Management - This technology must be pursued by 

NASA to insure that some level of maturity is available for On-Board and 

Ground system utilization. It is recommended that an A/D Task be established 

to evaluate available commercial systems and develop a prototype system for 

evaluation on the JSC DMS Test Bed. 

2. End-to-end protocols/formats - Formats/protocols have a significant 

effect on efficiency, reliability and response times. It is recommended that 

Task 32 of the DMS A/D Project Plan be expanded to explicitly address 

evaluation of JPL/Contractor developed protocols/formats. 

3. Command/Resource Management - The approach to this technology in 

Section 5.0 the Task 4 Report represents a preliminary attempt to meet the 

necessary payload resource allocation and the system safety requirements while 

satisfying the telescience concept requirements. A considerable amount of 

work/definition was provided on the subject however the concept must be 

developed further to not only satisfy customer needs but also the 

operator/core system needs. It is recommended that two efforts be initiated 

to develop this technology. First develop a sirnulation test bed to evaluate 

command management algorithms. 

been developed, then use these algorithms in an end-to-end functional 

simulation of the commanding process. This functional simulation would then be 

exercised in a telesclence mode to provide the human interface design 

performance. Programmed delays in this sirnulation would be used to modify 

algorithms and iterate until an acceptable end-to-end design or concept is 

achieved. 

command/resource management design options on the (end-to-end) DMS test bed. 

Once an algorithm or set of algorithms have 

A second effort would be to develop and evaluate time critical 

4. Flight Qualified AI Machines - On-Board AI (Lisp) machines to host 

'expert system' applications represent significant potential 

autonomy/productivity increases. It 1s recommended that an A/D Task be 

established to sponsor this effort. 

93 
I. ONBOARD SSDS 

o Space Station 

0 POP1 

0 POP2 

0 COP 

11. GROUND SSDS 

o DHC 

o LZPF's 

o GSC 

0 ssocc 

o SSEDC 

o P/F CC 

o P/F EDC 

APPENDIX A 

CODE WCODE T ALLOCATION 

Imp 1 ementa t 'l on Operat'lon 

Code S 

Code S 

Code S 

Code S 

Code T 

Code T 

Code S 

Code S 

Code S 

Code T 

Code S 

Code S 

Code S 

Code S 

Code S 

Code T 

Code T 

Code S 

Code S 

Code S 

Code T 

Code S 

95 
\ 

APPENDIX B 

NASA DMS TEST BED ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT 

PROJECT PLAN TASKS 

NETWORK EVALUATION: 

Task 1 - Extended Network Analysis - ARC 

An ongoing network analysis Capability that Is being expanded to evaluate the 

performance of the GSFC FODS network being developed under Task 7. The ARC 

simulation Is being expanded to model the FDDI Token Ring System under 

development by JSC (Task 13) as well as the IBM-unique network currently being 

developed under IRbD funding. It provides a NASA capability to conduct 

relevant, comparable analytical evaluations of candidate network 

configurations arising from Phase 6. The ARC simulation will also provide the 

basis for a I1calibrated" analysis tool which can be refined as Phase C/D 

progresses with the end result being a valuable verification capability to 

support post-IOC performance analyses as additional demands are made of the 

DMS Network. 

DMS TEST BED: 

Coordinated tasks to fund englneerlng and operation activities required to put 

the "test environment" in place and/or operate equipment supporting that 

environment. . 

Task 18 - DMS Test Bed Engineering - JSC 

Task 19 - DMS Test Bed Operations - JSC 

Task 27 - S/W Test Bed Operations - JSC 

END-TO-END TEST BED: 

Task 32 - End-to-End Test Bed JSC 

97 
Merges the DMS Test Bed in an end-to-end sense with customer (GSFC) and the 

Communication and Tracking, and JSC Ground Support Operations Center Test 

Beds. Also covers planning and conduct of speclfic end-to-end testing using 

prototype ground workstations to establish ground flight controller interface 

requirements. 

DMS SIMULATION: 

Task 38 - Data Subsystem Network Technology - MSFC 

Provides funds for completion of a rudimentary DMS-Simulator to be used by the 

Attitude Control System (ACS) Test Bed. The DMS/User ICD presently used for 

the DMS Test Bed is being provided MSFC for guidance In structuring a 

representative interface between the simulator and ACS. 

NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM: 

Complementary segments from JSC and GSFC for the study and prototyping of 

Network Operating Systems derived from commercial products that accomplish the 

software functions of the IS0 model. The intent is to segment those tasks 

such that each center ltdeliverstt complementary elements of a standard NOS with 

the further requirement the the two products combine, consistent with the 

appropriate IS0 layering, to form one NOS for use on either the GSFC or JSC 

network topologies. 

Task 8 - GSFC NOS (IS0 Layers 3 & 4) 

Task 29 - JSC NOS (IS0 Layers 5, 6 & 7) 

Task 23 - SSE System Software Studies - JSC 

JSC to perform study/prototyping activity investigating the applicability of 

commercially available O/S to on-board O/S and NOS requirements. 

98 
NETWORK/BUS INTERFACE UNITS: 

Task 7 - Optical BIU - GSFC 

GSFC to design/prototype a hardware 

Star Bus system. That BIU Is being 

specific study activities conducted 

Task 12 - MCNIU - JSC 

BIU required for FY-86 testing of the GSFC 

effectively used as a "pathfinder" for 

under Tasks 8, 13, and 29. 

JSC to produce a commercially-derived device, referred to as the 

Multi-compatible Network Interface Unit (MCNIU) which will provide potential 

Test Bed users with multiple options for transparent interfacing with 

different topologies and/or differing degrees of computational support 

consistent with accepted layering defined by the ISO/OSI model. 

GATEWAY: 

Task 9 - Star to Ring Gateway - GSFC 

GSFC to develop and provide a prototype gateway to effectively couple the 

'star' and 'ring' networks being developed at GSFC and JSC respectively. Will 

offer an opportunity for both centers to utilize the gateway in support of the 

DMS Test Bed end-to-end evaluations and to explore some specif'ic issues known 

to exist relative to gateway implementation. 

ISO/OSI MODEL IMPLEMENTATION: 

Task 13 - OMS Interface Standards - JSC 

JSC to perform the study and prototyping activity to define actual electronic 

implementations of the lower two layers of the MCNIU. Commercial 

Implementations and evolving industry standards are being comprehensively 

evaluated for applicability to the required designs. 

99 
AI/EXPERT SYSTEMS: 

Task 15 - OMS Expert Systems - JSC 

Investigation of expert system technology for applicabiity to Automated Fault 

Detection and Isolation system. 

Task 25 - Expert Systems - JSC 

Develop and prototype an expert system of the type anticipated for use on 

Space Station. 

- SPACE QUALIFIED COMPUTERS: 

Task 14 - Processor Technology - JSC 

Essentially a VHSIC technology assessment with a final report advising NASA of 

the anticipated impact and applicability of VHSIC technology to IOC. 

(FY-87 funded only) task takes advantage of the unique expertise of JPL in the 

area of Space Radiation effects on electronic devices. The intent is to have 

JPL provide a detailed definition of any steps required to harden a candidate 

processor against single event upset (SEU) and total dose effects. 

This 

Task 41 - Flight Processor Space Q u a l i f i c a t i o n D e f i n i t i o n - JPL 

Develop a program development plan for space qualifying a specific processor 

based on Level 6 analysis. 
HOL/ADA ACTIVITIES: 

Task 31 - Ada Target and Benchmark - JSC 

Provides results such that the SSE designers are given a set of guidelines 

relative to the use of Ada for specific purposes. This task continues with 

increased focus on the very detailed implications of actually using Ada in 

real-time applications requiting rigorous verification techniques. 

Task 39 - Ada Development Tools - MSFC 

Procures development tools (cross-compilers, editors, etc.). Also supplements 

MSFC's capability to implement the ACS applications code in Ada. 

Task 40 - Payload Simulator - NSTL 

Payload simulator will be designed from information provlded by GSFC, MSFC, 

and JSC, and will provide the end-to-end Test Bed with capability for 

conducting representative "closed loop" operations studies as well as 

assessing the interaction of various types of payloads on the onboard DMS 

elements. Task 40 is augmented with sufficient funds t o a l l o w NSTL to code 

the P/L Simulator using Ada. 

Task 21 - Ada Evaluation - JPL 

JPL support to JSC in evaluation of Ada as a Space Station High-Order Language 

(HOL). Task will develop a set of metrics and a decision matrix for the 

evaluation process. 

Task 10 - Evaluation of Ada For Users - GSFC 

The objective of the task Is to acquire advanced software support environments 

related to Ada for evaluation. 

use of selected pilot applications for GSFC SS functions. 

Ada application will be evaluated through the 

101 
USER ACCOMMODATION/INTERFACE DEFINITION: 

Task 3 - Customer Interface Adapter - GSFC 

Prototypes actual 'end-circuit" designs suitable for interfacing with 

representative payloads GSFC has Identified. Will provide the OMS Test Bed 

with the capability early in phase C to actually accommodate selected real 

payload electrical interfaces for 18high-fidelity1t point design trade studies. 

Task 4 - User Data Flow Management - GSFC 

Produces and evaluates user access protocols/techniques for the (user 

transparent) management, storage and retrieval of payload, engineering, and 

ancillary data from distributed data bases. 

Task 5 - User Interface Technology - GSFC 

A coordinated effort with Tasks 6, 33, and 34 to support the SSE RFP with 

definition of requirements for a standard user interface capability suitable 

for onboard and ground access to OMS services. Encompasses the total spectrum 

of "users" from on-board system and payload control to ground telescience 

operations as well as ground pre-launch checkout operations. 

Task 6 - P/L Cmmd and Control Techniques - GSFC 

Produces a set of candidate techniques for P/L Command and Control scenarios 

that w117 be eventually evaluated in the end-to-end test bed environment. 

Task 33 - User Interface Studies - JSC 

Develops a common user interface to access On-Board/Ground SSDS segments. 

Integrates GSFC, KSC and JSC user interface language (UIL) tasks. 

102 
Task 34 - SS Operations Language - KSC 

Specifies operations language and associated utilities in support of test and 

integration community. 

WORKSTATIONS/DISPLAYS: 

Task 16 - Displays & Controls - JSC 

Provides a set of requirements for SS Displays and Controls and evaluates, 

commercially available D & C devices. 

Task 37 - Control/Display Interface Technology - LaRC 

Provides a state-of-the-art fllght-type workstation for evaluation in the Test 

Bed environment with the implicit acceptance that the device should evolve 

intb an actual part of the Test Bed environment by supporting detailed 

development of operational scenarios during the early Phase C design phase. 

Its design will incorporate recommendations and lessons learned from Tasks 3, 

4, 33, and 34. 

SSE ACTIVITIES: 

Task 22 - S/W Englneering Support - JSC 

Provides direct analytical support required for synthesis of SSE requirements 

into coherent formulations suitable for end-item products. 

Task 26 - S/W Test Bed (SSE Computer) - JSC 

Procures a host mainframe computer for the Test Bed to provide a prototyping 

capability for the evaluation of SSE S/W. 

103 
MISCELLANEOUS: 

Task 2 - Enhanced Telemetry - GSFC 

This task will evaluate hlgh rate Data Handling Center requirements. An SS 

requirements analysis with DHC options mapped to the requirements/assumptlons 

plus a modular architecture design derivation will be performed as the first 

two sub-tasks. Expansion methodology and technology drivers will be 

identified to weigh the On-Board vs Ground data handling options, 

(packetization, calibrations, etc.). 

Task 11 - Subsystem Test and Checkout - JSC 

This task will investigate techniques and procedures for monitoring and 

evaluating the performance of spacecraft subsystems. Areas of investigation 

include automated fault.detection and isolation, data base design, data 

management systems and crew interfaces. 

Task 28 - SIB Development - JSC 

Prototypes a Simulation Interface Buffer (SIB). 

Task 35 - Software Reliability Technology - LaRC 

This task will supplement 

effectiveness of software 

Task 36 - Optical Transce 

on-goi ng 

fault-to 

vet- Modu 

research to establish the reliability 

erance techniques. 

e - LaRC 

Funds the development of a fiber optlc transmltter/receiver to satisfy a 

common set of requirements for both NASA and DoD. The transceiver will cover 

the data range from 200 to 1000Mbps. 

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