PB91-212217

SURVEY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED

MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES

FY74 - FY90

George H. Waring, PhD

Department of Zoology

Southern llIinois University

Carbondale, Illinois 62901

June 1991

Final Report to U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

in Fulfillment of Contract T-75133766

Availability Unlimited

Prepared for

U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

1825 Connecticut Ave., N.W.· Room 512

Washington, D.C. 20009

REPRODUCED BY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved

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T. PB91.,212211 2. REPORT DATE

June 1991

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal

Research and Studies, FY74 - FY90

S. FUNDING NUMBERS

Contract T-75133766

6. AUTHDR(S)

George H. Waring

Standard rOo m 298 (Rev 2-89., PreSCrIbed 0, ANSI Std l39··

29B·le2 i

NSN 7540·0, ·280·5500

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7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) a. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION ! George H. Waring, Ph.D. REPORT NUMBER ,

i Department of Zoology I Southern Illinois University I

Carbondale, Illinois 62901

9. SPONSORING! MONITORING AGENCY NAMEIS) AND ADDRESS(ESJ I 10. SPONSORING I MONITORING

U.S. Marine Mammal Commission ! AGENCY REPORT NUMBE'

1825 Connecticut Ave~ue, NW, Room 512 i

I Washington, DC 20009 ,

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11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

The data and information contained in this report were given, in final!

form, to the involved agencies for review and comment. The agencies

consider the contents of this report to be accurate.

12•. DISTRIBUTiON! AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

See page ii ,

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13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words) !

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14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES ! 51 I

16. PRICE CODE f

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17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION la. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT I

OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT I Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified Unlimited . . . ,
PREFACE

The Marine Mammal Protection Act directs the Marine Mammal Commission, among other

things, to conduct a continuing review of research programs conducted or proposed to be

conducted under the authority of the Act. To help meet this responsibility, the Commission

annually surveys other Federal agencies known or thought to be conducting or supporting

research or studies bearing upon the conservation and protection of marine mammals.

Information provided in response to the annual surveys is summarized in this report.

The summary is an update of previous summaries prepared by the author for the Marine

Mammal Commission (see Table 1). The user of this summary will find the Table of Contents

helpful for locating specific information and for understanding the organization and breadth ofthe

material provided. The first section is an overview of all Federally-funded research involving

marine mammals. The second section focuses upon research and studies conducted under

authority of the Act. The last section lists all research and study projects identified by the

surveys. Appendix A is a list of publications identified by the agencies as sources (or pending

sources) of marine mammal information resulting from Federally-funded research and studies.

Appendix B lists recent projects beginning with FY90. Comprehensive summaries ofresearch

and studies conducted or supported by Federal agencies in fiscal years 1970 through 1979, and

from fiscal years 1980 through 1989, are provided in the FY70-FY79 and FY70-FY89 reports,

respectively (see p. 5).

Agencies vary in their ability to identify and retrieve information on marine mammal

research and studies. Also completeness and accuracy of information provided to the

Commission varies by agency and by year. One problem in this regard is the ability of various

agencies to differentiate between administrative, management, enforcement, and research costs.

Consequently, some ofthe amounts reported herein may cover activities other than research.

April 1,1991

11

George H. Waring, PhD

Carbondale, II.,
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PR EF ACE .ii

LIST OF TABLES v

LIST OF FIGURES vi

LIST OF ACRONYMS vii

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS 1

Federal Agencies Funding Marine Mammal Research and Studies 2

Reference List ofPrevious Surveys Compiled by the Author

and Available from the National Technical Information Service 5

Number of Marine Mammal Research Projects Supported by

Federal Agencies in FY74-FY90 6

Trends in Federal Support of Marine Mammal Research

--By Number of Projects Supported, FY74-FY90 7

--By Agency, FY76-FY90 8

--By Geographical Region, FY76-FY90 9

--By Taxonomic Group, FY76-FY90 10

--By Research Issue, FY76-FY90 12

II. RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED 17

Research Responsibilities ofFederal Agencies

Under the Act.. 18

Federal Funding Authorized, Requested, and

Appropriated Under the Act 20

Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research Other Than

Appropriated Under Authority ofthe Act by the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and

Wildlife Service, FY74-FY90 22

iii
--Department of

--Department of

--Department of

--Department of

Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research by the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and

Wildlife Service, FY74-FY90 23

Number ofPersonnel Assigned to Marine Mammal

Administration and Research Activities in the National

Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife

Service, FY74-FY90 24

APPENDIX A

Published Sources of Marine Manunal Infonnation

From Federally-Funded Research and Studies 25

APPENDIX B

Listing ofMarine Manunal Research and Study Projects,

Principal Investigators, and Funding Levels for FY90 29

Agriculture 30

Commerce 30

Defense 34

Energy 35

--Department of Health and Human Services 35

--Department of the Interior 36

--Department of State 40

--Environmental Protection Agency 41

--Marine Mammal Commission 41

--National Aeronautics and Space Administration 43

--National Science Foundation 43

--Smithsonian Institution 44

iv
Table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

1. Reference list of previous surveys compiled by the

author and available from the National Technical

Information Service 5

2. Number of marine mammal research projects supported by

Federal agencies in FY74-FY90 6

3. Federal funding of marine mammal research 8

4. Regionally oriented marine mammal research in waters

adjacent to the United States 9

5. Taxonomic summary of Federally-funded marine mammal research I0

6. Federal funding of marine mammal research by research issue 12

7. Federal funding under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.. 20

8. Funds expended on marine mammal research other than

those appropriated under authority ofthe Marine Mammal

Protection Act.. 22

9. Number of personnel assigned to marine mammal activities

in the National Marine Fisheries Service and the

Fish and Wildlife Service, FY74-FY90 24

v
Figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

1. Trends in Federal support of marine mammal research:

Total number ofmarine mammal projects reported

to the Marine Mammal Commission, FY74-FY90 7

2. Funds expended on marine mammal research by the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish

and Wildlife Service, FY74-FY90 23

vi
Acronym

AFSC

AFWRC

DOC

DOD

DOE

DHHS

DOl

DOS

DWRC

EPA

FWS

FY

IWC

MMC

MMPA

MMS

NASA

NEFSC

NERC

NFWL

NIH

NMFS

NMML

NOAA

NOSC

NOPPO

NPFMC

NPS

NSF

NSGCP

NWFSC

OCRM

OCS

OCSEAP

OMA

SEFSC

Sl

SWFSC

TQ

USAF

USDA

USGS

LIST OF ACRONYMS

Definition

Alaska Fisheries Science Center

Alaska Fish and Wildlife Research Center

Department ofCommerce

Department ofDefense

Department ofEnergy

Department of Health and Human Services

Department ofthe Interior

Department of State

Denver Wildlife Research Center

Environmental Protection Agency

Fish and Wildlife Service

Fiscal Year

International Whaling Commission

Marine Mammal Commission

Marine Mammal Protection Act

Minerals Management Service

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

National Ecology Reseach Center

National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory

National Institutes ofHealth

National Marine Fisheries Service

National Marine Manunal Laboratory

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Naval Ocean Systems Center

National Ocean Pollution Program Office

North Pacific Fisheries Management Council

National Park Service

National Science Foundation

National Sea Grant College Program

Northwest Fisheries Science Center

Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

Outer Continental Shelf

Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program

Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment

Southeast Fisheries Science Center

Smithsonian Institution

Southwest Fisheries Science Center

Transition Quarter (July-September 1976)

U.S. Air Force

U.S. Department of Agriculture

U.S. Geological Survey

vii
1

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL

RESEARCH PROGRAMS

INVOLVING MARINE MAMMALS

Fourteen department-level Federal agencies reported funding marine

mammal research and smdies from FY74 through FY90. Often more than

one agency within the larger departments funded research. Some

agencies funded projects in all years, whereas others supported research

or studies during only part of the period. The Department of

Transportation (i.e., Coast Guard) and the Veterans Administration gave

support to a few projects early in the period; but since no further support

has occurred in the past decade, those agencies are no longer included in

this survey. The following section in this chapter reviews the types of

studies that have been supported by agencies that have funded marine

mammal research during at least four ofthe preceding ten years. Table I

lists previous survey infonnation on Federally-funded marine mammal

research and studies which is available through the National Technical

Infonnation Service.

The average annual number of projects funded with Federal monies

during the period FY74-FY90 was 148 (Table 2). The trends of these

data are depicted in Figure 1. Data for 1976 include the 12-month fiscal

year plus a transition quarter (TQ76 = July through September 1976)

when the first day of the Federal fiscal year was shifted from I July to I

October. Total funds reported expended by each agency annually for

marine mammal research and studies are shown in Table 3. Funding by

geographical region, taxonomic group, and research issue are listed in

Tables 4, 5, and 6, respectively.
2

FEDERAL AGENCIES FUNDING MARINE MAMMAL

RESEARCH AND STUDIES

Department of Agriculture (JJSDA)

The Depanment of Agriculture has conducted studies associated with marine mammal health,

environmental damage assessment, and economic interrelationships. These studies have included

the San Miguel sea lion virus, investigations of epizootics, and natural resource planning.

Department of Commerce (DOC>

The Department of Commerce, through the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS),

conducts marine mammal and fisheries research with emphasis on resource surveys, basic biology,

ecological interactions, and resource management for use in conserving living marine resources.

For example, recent NMFS research programs have included Eastern Tropical Pacific tuna/porpoise

interactions and the recovery of North Pacific fur seals, Steller sea lions, Hawaiian monk seals, and

endangered whales. The cetaceans and pinnipeds (exclusive of the walrus) are among the

responsibilities ofthis depanment. Research funding is heavily committed to assessment of marine

marurnal populations and any impacts associated with fisheries and other human activities. More

recently, support for studys to determine the causes of unusual marine marurnal mortality events

have also been supported as well as a national marine mammal tissue banking program. Other units

within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have supported studies on

marine marurnals, including the National Ocean Pollution Program Office (NOPPO), the National

Sea Grant College Program (NSGCP), the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

(OCRM), and the Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment (OMA). Additionally, the

North Pacific Fisheries Management Council (NPFMC) has supported studies. The Outer

Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program (OCSEAP), managed by NOANOMA, is

responsible for parts of the Alaska OCS research. OCSEAP was created through interagency

agreement between NOAA and what is now the Minerals Management Service (MMS); project

funding comes from MMS.

Department of Defense mom

The Department of Defense conducts marine mammal research through the Headquarters

Space Division of the Air Force, the Corp of Engineers of the Army, and the Navy. Units of the

Navy conducting research include the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC) and the Office of

Naval Research. DOD research varies from basic environmental impact studies to applied military

research to monitoring abundance and distribution of marine mammals at military facilities and

bases. Differentiating marine marurnals from military targets, furthering the understanding of the

undersea environment, and the utilization of marine marurnals with specific behavioral traits for

applied research are the major thrusts of the Navy program; studies on behavior modification,

health and husbandry, bioacoustics, cognition and memory, as well as sensory perception are

supported.
3

Department of Enerey mOE)

The Department of Energy occasionally supports marine mammal research. Studies have

focused primarily on energy flow in aquatic ecosystems as well as on problems associated

with monitoring marine mammals.

Department of Health and Human Seryjces mHHS)

The Department of Health and Human Services, through the National Institutes of Health,

funds some research on marine mammals; the research is basically oriented toward understanding

mammalian morhpology, genetics, physiology, and health (including disease processes).

Department ofthe Interior man

The Department of the Interior, through the Minerals Management Service (MMS), supports

environmental assessment studies involving the effects of outer continental shelf (OCS)

development on marine mammals and their habitats. Special studies on the effects of oil spills,

noise, and other variables associated with oil and gas activities are also supported. The Fish and

Wildlife Service (FWS) supports management related research on the biology, population

dynamics, and ecology of walrus, sea otter, polar bear, and sirenians (manatees and dugong). The

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted research on marine mammal paleontology, and the

National Park Service (NPS) supports some marine mammal studies relative to national park,

seashore, and monument development and management.

Department of State maS)

The Department of State supports studies to compile and evaluate information on Antarctic

and other treaty negotiations that may have a bearing on marine mammals and other marine species.

Funds are also provided to further cetacean-related research of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna

Commission and the International Whaling Commission, and other organizations.

Enyironmental Protection Aeency <EPA)

The Environmental Protection Agency supports marine mammal research through the study

and monitoring of pollutant levels in coastal and pelagic marine organisms and assisting efforts to

study causes of marine mammal die-off events.

Marine Mammal Commission (MMC)

The Marine Mammal Commission supports research and studies pertammg to the

conservation and protection of marine mammals to improve the operation of the Marine Mammal

Protection Act. Policy studies; methodological research; information overviews; issue-specific

research on population assessment, critical habitats, taking, man-induced hazards, ecological

inter-relationships, and socio-economic/legal aspects of marine mammal conservation; and reviews

of agency actions and research under the Act are integrated into the directed research program ofthe

Commission.
4

National Aeronautics and Space Admjnjstration (NASAl

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration supports research on marine mammal

assessment and monitoring, especially for the manatees utilizing the environment of the Kennedy

Space Center.

National Science Foundation (NSFl

Through its various divisions, the National Science Foundation supports marine mammal

research, although there is no directed effort on marine mammals per se. Some studies of Antarctic

marine mammals have been supported through this agency in accordance with the Antarctic Treaty.

Smithsonian Institution (SIl

The Smithsonian Institution, through the National Zoological Park as well as the Department

of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Paleobiology of the Museum of Natural History,

supports marine mammal research on evolutionary and general biology, including a salvage

program and national stranding data base.
5

TABLEt

Reference list of previous surveys compiled by the author

and available from the National Technical Information Service

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY79.

Publication PB81-174336, National Technical Infonnation Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 235 p. (1981)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY80.

Publication PB81-242059, National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 43 p. (1981)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY81.

Publication PB82-227570, National Technical Infonnation Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 65 p. (1982)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY82.

Publication PB83-262998, National Technical Infonnation Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 83 p. (1983)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY83.

Publication PB84-215086, National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 84 p. (1984)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY84.

Publication PB85-225613, National Technical Infonnation Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 99 p. (1985)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY85.

Publication PB86-235637, National Technical Infonnation Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 108 p. (1986)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70-FY86.

PublicationPB87-217386, National Technical Infonnation Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 120 p. (1987)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY87.

Publication PB88-212782, National Technical Infonnation Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 133 p. (1988)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY88.

Publication PB9D-I04050, National Technical Information Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 143 p. (1989)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Smdies, FY70-FY89.

Publication PB9D-272097, National Technical Infonnation Service,

Springfield, Virginia. 154 p. (1990)
TABLE 2

NUMBER OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES IN FV74-FV90

FY74 FY75 FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY8t FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 FY86 FY87 FY88 FY89 FY90

Deparlment of Agrleuhure 2 1 2 1 4 9 7

Department of Commerce

National Matlne Fhlnerla6 Service " • 9

" 14 14 34 31 25 31 2. 29 34 28 32 35 .. National Ocean PoRutlon Program OffIce 1

National Sea Grant 4 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 4

NOAAKXSEAP (see below)

North PacHIc Fisher)' Mtnaget1100t Council 1 1 1 1 1

Ocean and Coaslaf Resource Management 2 4 • 4 • 9 •

Oceanography and Marine Asset;sment 2 2 1 1 1 1

Department of OefenM

Air Force 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

A"'ff 1 2

NllYal OC:ean Systems cem&r ,. • 7 14 17 • 9 • • 7 • 12 13 13 12 12 7

NllYaI Re&&arch laboratory 1

0l11ce of Naval Research 10 • • 7 7 11 • 7 • 4 4 3 3 11 • •

Department of Energy 1 1 2 2

0>

Department of H&alth and Human Services 20 28 17 13 12 • 9 11 12 9 • 11 • 9 13 ,. 13

Department of the Interior

Fish and W1k:1llfe service " 20 27 40 43 52 44 33 27 29 22 17 21 20 " 22 22

Geological SUrwty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Miner" Management service 1 4 3 4 7 12 • 10 9 12 12 " 28 " 24 28

MMSINOAAIOCSEAP 3 ,. 11 11 • • 7 9 • • 3 4 2 1 1 2

National Park service 1 1 2 3 • 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 • 2

Department of State 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3

Environmental Prolectlon Agency 1 1 1 1 2 2

Marine Mammal Comm1981on 14 32 30 29 34 7 21 ,. 15 " 30 32 20 25 2. ,. ,.

NatIonal Aeronautics and Space Administration 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 2

Natlonal ScIence Foundation 12 7 10 10 • 11 14 • 10 11 10 12 12 10 • 9 12

Smithsonian Instltutlon 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 • 3

TOTAL: 113 122 133 151 ,.. 137 171 148 140 142 145 150 156 177 148 156 ,.2
7

FIGURE!

TRENDS IN FEDERAL SUPPORT OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

Total Number of Marine Mammal Projects Reponed to the

Marine Mammal Commission, FY74-FY90

11I 180 -

u

Q) .-0

...

Co 160

-0

...

Q)

.c 140

E

::J

Z 120 (ij

-

0

I100

74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90

Fiscal Year
TABLE 3

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH·

(Thou8IInd. of DoHanl

FY76 Fyn FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 FY86 FY87 FY88 FY89 'YOl

Dopartrrwmt 01 Agriculture 20' 84.1

DepartnMInl 01 COmmerce

Nallonal Marine FIsheries SeNlee 1458.4 2313.8 3603.2 4425.9 5126.7 4531.8 3896.4 4050.7 40n 5021 .4628.7 4852.9 4482.9 4801.4 7010.8

Nallonal Ocean Pollution Program ofllc9 20

Narronal Sea Grant Program 19.8 25.8 49.7 .. 59.7 35.1 30 48,7 79.8 88.4 21.4 32.3

North PacKle Flshary Mgml COunc" 97.2 28.9 1. 115 , Ocnn and Coaslal Resource Mgmt.

" 58.8 35.9 81 81.9 185.1 14' 8'

oceanography and Marine Assessment 58 123.6 59 55 15 15 15 2S

Departmenlof Defense

Air FOfCtt ,. 15 79.2 8.' 15.5 58.5 58.5 55 55 173.9

'''''' " 12'

Nava' OeMn Syslems Cenler

"" 118

'" 717 1979 1729 152< 1708 150S 18" 2004.5 209' 196' 1009 ". Naval Resem:h laboralory 20

onloe or Naval Research ""'.1 '" <3. 538.4 462.8 302.' 20' 195.2 ,2< 407.6 483.8 1284.2 1483.8 2128 160

Depal'tm9nt of Energy 26 80 80 30 20 2S 7. 7.

Departmenl 01 He8l1h and Humn S.lV1cn 1078.5 781 772 392.8 602.' 755.8 899.2 684.4 8'. 1052.8 852.1 735.2 1089.1 1618.3 1421.5

Dlpertmenl of tl)e Inlerlor CO

FIB! and Wildlife SelVlco ." ." 1042.7 1452.5 1418.9 1127.2 1221 1261.2 1007.7 936.1 1542.3 2349.4 2498.8 3367.6 3007.9

Geological Survey 312 30.5 20 45.5 19.6 62.8 76 71

Mln8l"als Mlnagement Smlce 2046.4 22<2 2519.6 7.457.3 6173.2 3507.2 3830.6 4275.9 3595.9 3140.7 2698.3 1695.9 3025.4 5228.9 3290.' National Paltt S.rvIco 11.2 16.5 64.8 45.8 .. 316.9 '23 300.- 23' 11.5 39.5 27 86.2 SO

Department of Slate 51 SOO 592.9 119.4 644_6 540.6 709.4 195.6 869.4 929.' 913.8 929.' 1148.5

Environmental Protection Agency B.' B 17' 100

Marine Mamml Commission 561.7 420.3 316.1 152.6 359.7 134.1 84.1 204.9 296.7 1971 OS 100.5 102.8 1().(.8 92.1

National A,ronautlct and Space Alfmlnlstratlon ,., SO OS 12 143.3 ,. B.7 1.B B.' B 19.1

NailonalSclem:. Foundatlon 890.4 118.9 334.2 .419.3 877.8 574.5 580.' SO, 891.9 729.8 820.5 151.6 663.4 901.8 820.9

Smithsonian InsUtunon 102 106.1 101.1 133.4 142.8 152.3 148.8 170.4 207.5 212.5 222.' 21' 1SO 161.2 ",

TOTAL 7,748.5 8,850.6 10,085.1 18,898 11,984.5 14,449 13,478.7 14,188.4 13,425.2 14,445.6 14,423.3 15,348.4 18,585.8 21,541.4 18,496.6

'FundIng lotals provk:led on this table relied total annual proj&CI cosls ldenttlled In Appendlx B as reported by each agency.
TABLE 4

REGIONALLY ORIENTED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH IN WATERS ADJACENT TO THE UNITED STATES'

(Thousands of Dollars; Number of Projects Shown In Parentheses)

Geographical Region FY76 FY77 FY78 FY7!J FY60 FY81 FY82 FYB3 FY64 FY85 FY66 FYB7 FY88 FY89 FY90

HawaII 51.5 102.6 118.2 71.4 411.1 114.9 130 481.7 302.5 360.8 332.9 3. 1.5 429

(2) (.) (6) (2) (11) (2) (2) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1) (3) (1) (4)

Alaska 2451.5 2861.7 3336.8 3746.7 5407.4 3992.1 4949.4 4367.5 4960.2 4708 3787.5 4294 2827.5 5776.2 5612.9

(36) (39) (46) (17) (34) (29) (31) (30) (25) (2.) (31) (39) (23) (34) (33)

OregonNfashlngton 81.6 43.5 60.3 6. 229.9 234.5 73.6 165.3 23.2 1524.2 1520.2 .... (.) (2) (4) (2) (2) (5) (4) (4) (1) (1 ) (3) (3) (2) (2)

California 1370 1132 317.2 1675.2 3234.9 862.3 1160.7 1693.9 1491.9 1505 1040.2 1066.8 1418.5 1318.8 1550.7

(1.) (11) (12) (11) (19) (13) (17) (25) (32) (24) (23) (1.) (12) (.) (.)

Gulf of MelClco • 2.4 144.3 200 330.8 275.5 20 238.5 15 168.1 .2 154.2 248.1

(1) (2) (1) (1) (2) (3) (1) (3) (1) (1) (1) (4) (4) (4) (0

Florida 139,9 171,2 269 656.3 858.2 306.8 429,8 610.6 384.8 .22 295.• 573.9 242.5 504.2 560.9

(9) (10) (12) (4) (21) (9) (.) (12) (.) (10) (10) (1.) (1.) (12) (11)

MId-Atlantfc SlaleS 199.9 200 293.3 4 2.6 1.5 669.6 455.9 725.8 544.7

(GA, SC, NC, VA) (1) (2) (1) (4) (1) (1) (5) (6) (5) (.)

NE Coaslal Siaies 56.2 29.3 1464 2762.9 292.7 1025.1 170 145.2 141,3 311.1 642,8 141.6 334.5 43. 681

(5) (3) (4) (1) (14) (.) (6) (10) (7) (11) (15) (11) (9) (13) (17)

·Note -- Many marine mammal projects reflocled In the dala on Table 3 were nol regionally orlenled and thus are not listed on this lable,
TABLE 5

TAXONOMIC SUMMARY OF FEDERALLY·FUNDED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

(Thousands 01 Dollars)

FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FYBl FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 FY86 FY87 FY88 FY89 ,ygo

Slr.nl. (....n.t••••nd Dugong)

O&parlmonl 01 Allrleulturo

O&partmont of Common::e

Departmont of DeI.nN .. 122

Dflpartmont of Enorgy

Dept. He.tIh and Humin Servkl09s

Deparlmont of ttli lntorlor 173_9 190.2 267.1 580.5 328.7 358 353 391.6 276.8 284.1 22. 389.5 396.4 402.6 419.8

Departmont of St.t.

Environmental Prolocllon Agoney

Marine Mammal Commission 0.8 10' 2.5 •., 1.' , 2 41.4 36 0.8

NA.... 50 15 10 8.7 1.8 8.2 • 19.1

Nallon.' Sclenco Foundallon 46.5

SmitIlsonllln InstlMlen " CATEGORY TOTAl. 173.8 240.2 282.9 624.5 559.7 4()<l.5 353 394.1 281.3 295.6 331.7 393.1 ... 444.6 439.7

C.rnlvol'll (Pol.r BHr .nll S.. Otl.r)

Department 01 AgnCUl!IJre 22.2

OopIirtmonl of ComlnltOO 59.7 71 '.1 '.1 10

Departrmml or Dofol\"

DopIrtment of Energy " 30 30 30 20 25

Dept. HoItIh and Human S.rvle09S

Dopartmllnt or Itl. Interior 629.3 587.3 717.7 809.' 718 639.2 81' 109t>.7 1156.3 1303.7 1332.4 1883.4 1995.8 2938 2457.6

Deplrtment of Stall 0 EnvlronlTKlntal ProtlCllon Agoney 75 50

Marine Mammal Commission 103.2 40.6 49.9 18 ,.. 31.8

" 33.3 2 7.'

NA....

National Sclenco Foundallon 22.6 36.3 149.5 .. .. .. SmiltIsonlan InstltUlIon

CATEGORY TOTAL 760.5 657.9 797.6 891.7 855.3 704.5 944.6 1128.5 1223.3 1492.6 1342.4 1929.4 2039.8 3064.5 2507.6

Plnnlpldl. lseal., se_ LIon., W.lru.)

DeparlrMnt 01 Agriculture 200

O&partmont of Commtroo 760.5 783.8 858.7 956.7 1454.7 940.2 1081.4 1188.8 1269.4 1650.7 1169 49.8 221.1 35.6 1504.8

Department or Delen", 147 274 32' ". 353 149.2 50 12.9 68.5 179.9 233.3 344 264.9 502 173.9

Department of Energy 70 70

Dept. Hoalltl and Human Slrvlo09S 116.2 141.3 76.6 43.5 51.4 38.4 57 51.8 162.2 143.9 259.5 227.5

Dopartment of tnl Intoriol' "'.. 763.5 ..... .., 467.7 541.9 385.1 268 494.8 75 170.2 639.3 229.1 161.2 267.9

Deparlment 01 Stall

EnvIronmental ProtlCllon Agoney

Marino Mammal Commission 54.3 64.8 33.7 59.1 106 " 12 159.1 12.5 32.8 8.7 17 3.' 7 14.7

NA....

National Sclenoe Foundallon 268.3 131.1 1-41.5 243.2 240.7 292.3 359.1 330.' 420.7 350.7 307.3 354." 339.4 22' 258.4

Smtthsonlan Institution 59.2 56.1 45 47." 11.8 22.4 42.5 42.5 76.5 .. CATEGORY TOrAl 2090.1 2214.6 2068.5 2418 2665.6 2031 1937.8 2041.6 2308.4 2388.6 2086.8 1&94.8 1201.9 1190.3 24-47.2
TABLE 5 (continued)

TAXONOMIC SUMMARY OF FEDERAllY·FUNDED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

FY76 Fyn FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 FY86 FY87 FY86 FY89 ,ygo

C"IC.. (Whll" and Porpol.")

Departrrntllt 01 Agriculture 44,6

Department or Commet'c. 7097 1555.8 2794.2 3326,3 3542.8 3118 2304.2 2037 2421.7 2540,7 2935 2376.7 2257.5 2705.5 3111.3

[}Qpartmenl or Delense 263.1 527 44' 746.4 1583.8 1485.6 1355 1522.3 1218 1566.2 1973.5 2532.1 2565.9 "SO 1139

Departmenlor Energy

Dept. Health and Human Servleces 114.3 144.& 149.6 74.1 167.1 463.<1 229.' 1469 162.4 22.4 84.7 86,5 97.3

Department or the Interior 12G.2 253.4 279 2937.5 2239.8 1910.4 2580.9 1905.6 2354,2 2888.6 1688.6 932.1 1372.7 2193.5 2456.2

Department or Siale SOO 592.9 719.4 644,6 540.& 709.<1 795.6 .SO 919.3 911.1 926.1 1146.7

Environmental Protection Agency 100 SO

Mann. Mammal Commission 262.8 124.9 169.7 91 133.7 34.4 29 5

" " 39.8 301.2 27.7 '.5 23NASA 143.3

National Selenco Foundat1on 275,2 213.1 163.1 187.9 380.8 235.7 158.3 162.6 221.3 101.1 43 200 200 510.8 44. Smllllsonlln Instltullon 42.8

CATEGORY TOTAL 1794.1 2818.8 4000.6 7853.2 8640.9 8154.8 7300.9 6320 71SO 7988.6 7539.9 72G1.4 7419.6 9186.9 8467.5

MI..d Specl•• or aanaral SlUdl..

Dapartmont 01 Agrlcutlure • 17.9

Department of ComtnOfC41 6 210,9 245.1 635.9 635.4 1Q.42.6 551.5 1050.8 776.2 2586.4 1668.5 2075.3 2565.8

Departmenl of DelanN 211 3" 20. 323 520 '76 323 319 .SO 326 340 560.6 690 930

OeplIrtment of Ermgy SO SO

Dept. HNIth and Human Semeoes 848 495.1 622.' 242.1 391.9

'" 630.9 537.5 469.6 973.4 800.3 573 "".5 1332.3 1096.7

Depertment of Ille Inter10f 1382.7 1428.3 1730.4 3999.5 3945.9 165-4.3 1091.7 2200.6 624.4 74D.4 842.9 279.9 1560 2987.4 746.6 ..... Departmenl of Slaw 51 '.4 7.3 2.3 3.1 U ..... EnvlronlMl\tal Protection Agency

Marine Mammal Commission 1-41.4 190 122 12.5 10 26.3 38.5 6.5 151.7 56.1 31.5 27.3 30 49.8 54.2

NASA SO

Natlon,1 ScHnc& Foundallon 146.9 374.7 29.6 25.6 19.8 -43.2 10 49.9 128.5 178.2 159.1 80 122 118.5

Smllllsonlan lnslltulion 50 56.1 .. 142.8 152.3 137 '" 165 170 146 15. 150 161.2 165

CATEGORY TOTAL 2736 2919.1 2915.5 4908.6 5275.5 3203.7 2899.7 4263.2 2459.1 3-445.2 3122.5 4347.6 5041.3 7661.1 4748.6

.~--~~..~~~-~._-_.
TABLE S

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH BY RESEARCH ISSUE' ..

(ThoUsands or Dollars)

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNDING UNE

ISSUE FY" FY77 FY" FY" m, FYt1 FY82 FYOJ FY.. FY85 FY85 FY" m. m. FYDO AGEt-K:y TOTAL

TunaiPorpol..:

Popl.I!a~on ASSIIatmenl t1 516.5 52.(5 ~62_7 676.9 615 .., '" S07.3 ~85.8 608.5 1079.9 '''' 1025.~ 919.2 NMFS 9530

2 • " 1.3 NNe '.1

500 592.11 687.1 "" 673.9 673.9 782 .53 IU~.3 911.1 1118.8 1138.'" OOS "'... MOM.1I1y ReduC1lon

'" 29U ~87.6 512.9 ~33.1 303.6 30 30.' NMFS 2217.7

178 67.4 ,.• NNe

119.6 97. I NSF 2111.7 '" .. N." .. An8SS/1'l1ll1l or T.kl~

'" 181111 318.7 329.5 346.9 248.7 320.7 22S 1818 179.3 134.7 185.1 185.1 NMFS 3022.1

124 NNe 12.4

B'- ". 1381 220.4 705.3 382.4 430.2 318.3 331 "'., 319.2 288.8 303.' 361.8 "".1 5112.7 NMFS 5184.1

12.5

" NNe 22.'

31.8 NSF 31.e

InlamlftOMI wtIa1lng C~.lon:

Auestmenl of SlocllJ and Tailing -'U-'tl------'ll> 3<40.5

'" ----l.ll2 -as-Ali---Z.a NNFS

,U "'" 33.' IlU 70.9 " le.1 , NNe 23<4.6

21.5 NSF 21.5

32.' 35,'" 35.3 35.5 33.e 7 , •., U OOS 201.7

M.rto. "'mmaIJF1.hetl.. Conmct.:

Soo.mem OcHn KrIll

" 1"'.5 • " "'9.2 NNe e7.7

" OOS25.11 NSF 25.6" ..... fin FlatVPIrriped 1rll:erae1(l1'l1 IU 25.8 ~1l.7 .. 30 30 39.' 79.8 ~4.e 21.4 NSGC' "'04.1 I\)

59.' ... 32.' " NNe 108.7

70 tlO4.1I 3<4U 309.' 226.4 221.1 701 385.4 tlO1.8 772." 1255.7 NNFS 587l1.1

ShIIM Ash/sel Otter IntlnCllOnJ • '.1 '.1 NSGC' 17.2 •., --" 142.5 253.9 242.e .... FWS 711.4

142.4 NNFS 142.04

" CC""

fin FlltVCdClllln InIef.ctI(l1'l1 " " N'FMC , S " ''''.1 , NNe 24.1

.. NMFS .. Inclc:lenUil Tailing

" " .... ,... " • NNe 1211.7

-Zi 104.8

" 121.3 711.5 1115.11 2S NNFS 4".2

, NPFMC , 20 NOPPO 20

Effects of 011 and 0 .. DIYI'loplMnt

on Marine M.",lTIIIIs:

Physiological Studio 91.5 59 85 1097.8 39"'.1 111.11 lm.3 24115.5 11150.1 221.11 115.5 130 NN' m7.2

" 2 NNe ••• 7S

'" EPA 17'

Alsil Anal~1 1M.'" Sill 617.8 1177.5 409.5 4504.2 8047.2 833.8 ....7 NN' 5171

,., ,.• ••• 7.' NNe 23.11

923.8 SSO FWS 1503.e

30 50 NPS

8711.3 NMFS 6711.3"

M.'M Mammlll SIr.ndlnge:

BloiogIC<!1 ShJdle, 32.3 IS • I.' 10.5 7.' 32 NNe IOS.l

----'2.A --,,-,----'.U -----'" --Z:lI-------25------>lll:------a2.~__.a:i_a.:i---.M.--» SI 370.3

, ,., 20 30 31.5 24,8 , NMFS 117.11

70.4 NNS 70.4

-..l:i-----12. -----1U----...1.5. " ------'lI>

FWS 2~1.7

7.' CCRN 7.S
TABLE II (tonoJnoed)

Fllderal Funding 01 Marine MlnTntl R"..rth by A8lgtrth I.we

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUN01NG LINE

ISSUE FY70 FY77 FY78 FY19 FY80 FY81 FY82 FYOJ FY" FY55 FY" FY87 FY" FY" FY90 AGENCY TOTAL

80whtad Wtlllle:

Asseumem 01 S~kt Ind Tlklng -...18.l '" 7" 871.1 7372 765.1 ~56.9 --"" .., 175.1 ". 3111.2 NMFS 58111.3

--li.1 ---"Ji -----"Z.Z '81 345.3 -----3.1ll ---.Bli ------5!3..6. ----..iWl. ----..J.&a 380 603.3 MM' 4300.1

'.7 • MMe 10] '- '90 S9U 724.5 163.5 ISH 123.5 287.7 22.S MM' 2657.9

HumpbKk Whll.:

Popultllon Asst5smem -...18.l -----'U--'"' IS 39.1 70.7 " 3... 30.1 -l.U..1-----..BZ..8.---iU 21.2

" 23 NMFS 715.2

25.1 21.~ IS • , , .., 11 3 ., 7.' MMe 107.9

IS IS 23 70 NPS 73 , MM' ,

~- 11.2 10 31.3 39.8 OJ 376.3 723 293.~

'" 7 NPS 1280

., 12.11 -----11 3.3 -----1§.--2.ll --2:Q-....Zl.. NMFS ,,, 39.7 40.2 42.3 N'F 122.2

.. " Ntvy

63 63 OCRM 176"

Oray WMI,:

PopuIllIorJ A"enmem ----'<Jl -----'U--,", 25.7 -----".ll------'i NMFS 343.1

37 • N'" .. -...a..tL! -llM~--DU---.1IU. --Ii MM' 2103.1

~5.6 OCRM ~5.11

~- 187.7 58.1 .., .80 166.2 --'U MM' U~Il.1I30.7 N'F 36.7

10 OCRM 10

Anenmem 01' Humtn.lo<iJted ~-eI 111.5 ... ,... 3.' , 11 MMe 117.7

NorIMm RIghi Wh.l,: ..... PopuItllon AssesSlJ'Mln( 27.8 " 47.7 -----11 49.7 401.2 ---...ZiU 207.1 190 '90 NMFS 1415 V) 3 • 32.1 • .., , MMe 49.3

709.' 21~.4 715 241,11 MM' "... ~- • Ntvy • 700

'''' 249.1 2113.3 N'F 1132.4

30

" NMFS 70

19.tI MM' 19.tI

Kill_ Whll.:

Popull~on Ass"lmlII'll --'U--'U 3 • NMFS ".• 7.' MMe 7.'

----'>.> • NSF 20.3 '- 32.3 NSGCP 32.3

PIlot Whll..:

PopuItllorJ AN"sment ----'>.> NSF 15.3

10.4 MMe 10.4

" NMFS" ~- 10 USDA 10

Belukhl:

PopuIa~on AsseSimem --"---"Ji---'l.Z 49.8 --Ii MM' 237.5

.., 250 MMe 254.8

~-

,,, '303 MM' 2tl4.3

70 10 " 350 ." 102 -12ll. ~-..212

'" '50 Navy 1987.5

HtrbM Porpolu: 373.11 Popula1ion Ass&Ssmem " 30 ,., I 7 -----JJ------U--ill NMFS

• • 30 OCRM

10 ,., MMe 15.11 " NP' ,
TABLE e (comlnued)

FedtHAl Funding el M8r1ne Manvnal R\l$\J8rctl by ~lIarc'" lut/II

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNOING LINE

ISSUE FY70 FY77 FY78 FY" FYOO FY81 FY02 FY" FY" FY85 FY86 FY" FY" FY.. FY90 AGENCY TOTAL

0.11 Porpol..:

Populdon ASS85SlTlIIl'I! 210 •• ,.. ---22Jl ---liS----115. --.121..6. -----l.1l '" 327 553.l1 NMFS 2448.1

Bollllno.. Oelphln:

Popula~on ASSIISSmeol I.,

" .., 13.5 , MMC 35.8

HlI).8 219.9 221.8 248.3 2365 248.5 292-9 In,1 ,,,. 02 '" '" NMFS 2406,2

• "0 EPA '08 ,,- I" 270 ,.. "7 903.9 .50 1014 1310 915.5 ----...1la2. 1305.5 1848.1 1805.9 2318 on N,,'Y 15235.9

U.1 86.5 91.3 OHHS 289.5

20 86.1 92.8 85.3 90' "7 ... 56.' 221.3 51.4 ••• ••• NSF .., 15.8 31.l1 0.' • 15.5 10.6 MMC 18,2

• 13.5 "0 , NMFS 124.5

HQffh.." Fuf Sell:

Population ASS85Sment 3~4.4 352 --1IZ 430.2 ,.. 156.8 2$3.3 ------ZlZA -W..5.-.lZti-2.5.U , S.' S.' NMFS "".7

... MMC ••• .- 330.2

'" '" 269.3 410.11 A2O,2 285.4 ------ZaZ.! --..>12U. -lZ!..!-2.52.5. NMFS 3539.8

I.S MMC I.,

70 " 86 N"y ". 7 OCRM 7

'12 " MMS '27

GUNliupe Fuf 9..1:

PllpUIllIon Stud" ---LU ---"-3--1U NMFS 43.3

Antardle 9..1.:

Populdon Stul:l" 50.'

" .... ,... 49.11 (1.8 "., NSF 401.8

'00 '"~ 3211.8 NMFS 191,8 ,,- 2A1.1 112.1 .. 10.4 111.1 252.2 1&8.5 ". 292.11 159.1 '31 311.2 242.5

'" 115.5 NSF 2122.4 .p.. , MMC ,

Arclle Sill.:

PopulBlion 5tul:llll 78 ." 85 115.7 .. MMS A13.1 .,- 19.9 " MMC 23.4

13. 2tll.t 231.8 21' 281.6 '" '32 00 75 '50 MMS 1902,3

38.8 38,2 NSF 77

15,5 NMFS 15.5

70 70 DOE UO

H_lIlan Moril S..I:

Popul.~on Assessment 38.2 52,3 " 31.2 50. 31 -----Z4----..1A FWS "u

-ill-la.1------1U , 108.3 '02 311.1 300 340,11 32M 411.11 NMFS 1953.2

00.' '.7 MMC llC.ll .,- 34.1 25.8 ,..- 150 MMC 244,8

,., " 51 20.'

Oray Sell:

PopvI.~on SlIJl:Ies 10.2 MMC 10.2

,., I., ... NMFS ,

.- ." 10 30 """ '50

Harber S..I:

Popul'~llfI SlIJdi85 33.5 11.1 ,., 235 '.7 U , MMC IOU

• • 31 • --ll 0.' " NPS 86

53.1 NSGCP 53.1

11.5 39.A ,., 20 0.7 I., 29.2 -----"----""----"" NMFS 203.11

0.' 0.' 0.' 0.' USAF ,
TABLE II (eontlnued)

Federal FUndng 01 Mlr10lJ Mannal Rllumh by A$nreh Issue

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNDING LINE

ISSUE FY" FYn FY" FY" mo FY8I FY82 FY'" FY.. FY85 FY.. FY" FY.. m, FY90 AGENCY TOTAL

Hlrbor Sui (eonl.):

Biology " 2.' 7 MMe 18.•

85 60 ------'" 50 MMS "S

25 Nlvy 25

36,3 23.8 3.' NMFS 83.9

------" 39.• " " OCRM 60'

25 HSGCP 2.'

------'" ------'" OM'

" Norlhllfn EJephlnl S..I:

PoplIIllIon SlJdlll ---1J.a -----'ll----'U .., NMFS .7.•

" , , OCRM

Biology 27.2 " 33.' 31.8 n2 30.2

" 51 81 55 .3.3 .2.0 U2.9 HSF ...., 10 '.3 " 1.2 3 2 MMe 33.5

.3.5 51.7 38.•

" 39.8 1.9.3 131.7 30 03.• DHHS 502.8

20 25 57.5 MMS 102.5

CIillfomil SM Lion:

PoplIIlllIonSWH 7 02.5 NMFS "., 15 15 OCRM 30

--ll HPS 3.'

Biology 200 USDA 200

37 ,. 110 2" '" I~.• 17•.8 285.5 209.' "7 H", 1873.11

12.2 MMe 12.2

U.8 22.• .2.5 .2.5 30 51 1.9.2

---" OCRM • --'"

9I1tlf., SflI Uon: C1l

PoplIIllIon SlJdI.. 157.1 U5.5 '55

'" " MMS 700.0

3... NMFS "., 11.5 NPFMC 11.5

, ••• MMe 11.8

Wak....:

Poputa1lon SlJdI" 112.8 1nll

" Ul.8 231,8 "--SI~--ll2 ".7 201.0 201.1 '.11.2 195.• FWS InUl

130.3 150.1 25 19.11 MMS

7 MMe '"" Biology 20 2 MMe " n.2 60.' .... 15 HSF 210.5

-----"U. MMS 3...

M_leN loci DlJgong:

PoplIIl1Ion Studl.. --lli.A ISIl.7 -----23U. ------2JlU. -...ZlS.Z ---3QQ ----15.D. ---lll2---U1.4 -----llZ " 50.' 18.• FWS 2277.' 50 10 '.2 I., '.2 • 13.9 NASA n.9

0.' 3 HPS 3.'

0.' ,ot •., 2 111.5 35 MMe 1117.8

10 MMS 10

Biology -----3Q ---Jll-----Jll---12L2. .5 --52---1l.3 --Zi.1.A. ----1!2.--l1.2. 275 345.9 '" .19.11 FWS 2~1.5

" '" ""'" ,.. I.' , 17.9 , MMe 25.•

3.' '.2 NASA '.7

17.5 111.2 HPS 33.7

PoIIr ellr:

PopuI.lIon SlJClht. -ili-----"U.1 -----'2ll 251 -----l!U -2ll:O: ----M-----LU ------AO..i 135.8 17·4.9 G02.2 &92.0 690.8 1173.8 FWS .n3.11

Biology ------'" ------'" ------'" ~--5J---1!Q-----1llIl.-..AU 125.1

'" " 188.1 135.• 126.11 FWS 11152.3

---"" 22.6 36.3 NSF 200.'
TABLE & (contlnued)

FlilOOrfl FurKting 01 ""rloe ""ll'IThIl AII'Surch by Ruse-rch Issue

SPECI"'L RESE"'RCH FUNDING LINE

ISSUE FY10 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY" FY82 FYOJ FY84 FY8S FY" FY81 FY" FY" FY90 AGENCY TOTAl

S.. OUer:

Popul8don ShJ6:es 157.2' 15UI 352.1 --5.JU~--l.aU ---l.ll!1 ----1S.ll---..12ll ----.1J.!.4 85 527.7 572.8 560.11 FW' -4083.2

2t.l 770.8 66.1 249.6

" MM' 1223.6 ,,- 1032 -40,& -49.9 .. " 8.' 35.1 ,.• 2 MMe 203.2

" JO JO JO 20 2S DOE 183

23.3 27.5 -..za-lM..A 200 470 ~~-----1J2.Z~ 7755 258.5 '" 395.3 FW' 4026.2

1495 .. .. .. NSF 28l.5

2 • NPS 8

" '" 463,2 90.7 ----.lD. 8U MM' 836.11

....rTlO1.IOtlr underlined 11"9 esdmel9d wbunlb of Iole's r~ by lilt egeocy under more gllMrlll cewgoon.

"N01 III profeetl Hsted In Appeodl~ B are rdecm In ~ll 13b1., aI'ld • '-VI' projects plus 1 porfon 01 Iht funding hllVtl bll9l'l Inlpd to more than one 'nue.

-'-

OJ
1 7

II. RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER

AUTHORITY OF THE MARINE

MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972,

AS AMENDED

The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA) established the Marine

Mammal Commission and assigned marine mammal protection and conservation

responsibilities to the Secretaries of Commerce, the Interior, and State. Such

responsibilities have, in some cases, been delegated to agencies within a department.

The Act noted the need for better information on the biology, ecology, and

management of marine mammals and assigned research responsibilities.

Responsibilities for research and its implementation were specified in Sections 108,

109, 111, 112, 202, and 205. Prior to 1982, funding authorized for marine

mammal activities conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish

and Wildlife Service were authorized under Title I ofthe Act on a section by section

basis. As ofFiscal Year 1982, however, authorized funding for the various sections

was combined so that Commerce and Interior now each receive a single authorized

funding level that covers all expenses incurred under Title 1.

Table 7 is a list of annual funding authorized under the various sections of

the Act, the amounts requested by agencies pursuant to the Act, and amounts

appropriated by Congress. Additional Federal funds have been spent in activities

related to marine mammals; the additional sources and amounts ofresearch funding

are shown in Table 8 and Figure 2. The number of personnel assigned to marine

mammal research versus administrative responsibilities within the National Marine

Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service from FY74 through FY90 are

listed in Table 9.
1 8

RESEARCH RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL

AGENCIES UNDER THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

Congress, in passing the Marine Mammal Protection Act, recognized there was inadequate

knowledge of the biology, ecology, and population dynamics of marine mammals and other factors

important for marine mammal protection and conservation. The Act, therefore, specified certain

research and study responsibilities for the Department of Commerce, the Department of the Interior,

and the Marine Mammal Commission.

With the establishment of the Act, the Secretary of Commerce was directed to undertake, in

consultation with the Marine Mammal Commission, a study of North Pacific fur seals to determine

whether herds of such seals, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, were at their optimum

sustainable population and what population trends were evident. The Secretary was also to

undertake a comprehensive study, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to determine what

modifications, if any, should be made to the provisions of the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention,

or to the Marine Mammal Protection Act, or both, to make the Convention and the Act consistent

with one another [Sec. 108].

The Secretary of Commerce was also directed by the Act to immediately undertake a program

ofresearch and development for the purpose of devising imprOVed fishing methods and gear so as

to reduce to the maximum extent practicable the incidental taking of marine mammals in connection

with commercial fishing [Sec. 111]. In 1984, the Secretary of Commerce was directed to

commence a research program to monitor the indices of abundance and trends of marine mammal

population stocks which are taken incidentally in the course of commercial purse seine fishing for

yellowfin tuna. In 1988, the Secretary of Commerce was directed to conduct a study of possible

impacts on marine mammals of seal control devices as well as other explosive devices used in the

commercial yellowfin tuna fishery. The Secretary also was directed in 1988 to develop a fishery

reporting and observation program to obtain reliable estimates of the numbers of marine mammals

being taken incidentally in various fisheries in U.S. waters and, in consultation with the Marine

Mammal Commission, to develop a recommended system for regnlating such takes after 1 October

1993 [Sec. 114].

Both the Secretary ofCommerce and the Secretary of the Interior are authorized by the Act to

make grants to states to assist them in developing programs for the conservation and management

ofmarine mammals and in administering such programs if management authority for such species

is transferred to the state. Such grants are not to exceed 50 per centum of the costs of a particular

program's development and implementation [Sec. I09G)(l & 2)].

The Secretaries are also authorized to make grants to any Federal or state agency, public or

private institution, or other person for the purpose of assisting such agency, institution, or person

to undertake research in subjects which are relevant to the protection and conservation of marine

mammals [Sec. 110].

The Secretaries, as appropriate, are directed to review annually the operation of each program

in which the United States participates involving the taking of marine mammals on land [Sec. 112

(d)]. The Secretaries are required by the Act to report annually to the public and to the Congress on

the current status of all marine mammal species and population stocks subject to the provisions of

the Act [Sec. 103(f)].
1 9

The Marine Mammal Commission established under Section 201 of the Act was directed in

Section 202 (a) to:

1. "undertake a review and study ofthe activities ofthe United States pursuant

to existing laws and international conventions relating to marine mammals,

including, but not limited to, the International Convention for the Regulation

of Whaling, the Whaling Convention Act of 1949, the Interim Convention

on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals, and the Fur Seal Act of

1966;

2. "conduct a continuing review of the conditions of the stocks of marine

mammals, of methods for their protection and conservation, of humane

means of taking marine mammals, of research programs conducted or

proposed to be conducted under authority of the Act, and of all applications

for permits for scientific research, public display, or enhancing the survival

or recovery of a species or stock; and

3. "undertake or cause to be undertaken such other studies as it deems

necessary or desirable in connection with its assigned duties as to the

protection and conservation ofmarine mammals."

The Act gives the Commission access to all studies and data compiled by Federal agencies

regarding marine mammals. With the consent of the appropriate Secretary or agency head, the

Commission may also utilize the facilities or services of any Federal agency and shall take every

feasible step to avoid duplication ofresearch and to carry out the purposes of the Act [Sec. 205].
20

TABLE 7

FEDERAL FUNDING UNDER THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

Deparlmant of

Commerce (NMFS) AUTHORIZED REQUESTED APPROPRIATED

FY74 4667 6300 1600

FY76 3667 2550 4445

FY76 3667 2550 4672

FY77 4667 4939 7042

FY78 11700 4672 7228

FY79 11425 7042 7080

FY80 11925 6728 7416

FY81 12425 7875 7475

FY82 7223 7416 7700

FY83 8000 7416 9225

FY84 8800 5571 8475

FY85 8800 5615 9375

FY86 8800 5850 8670

FY87 8800 6150 9375

FY88 8800 7586 8670

FY89 15440 7128 9291

FY90 12740 7061 16595

Department of the

Interior (FWS)

FY74 1358 700 700

FY75 1358 1358 1358

FY76 1358 1358 1358

FY77 1358 1358 1358

FY78 2050 1358 1539

FY79 2350 1600 2000

FY80 2660 2000 2000

FY81 3376 2000 2000

FY82 1600 1600 1600

FY83 1760 1690 1690

FY84 2000 1658 1249

FY85 2500 1292 1289

FY86 3000 2024 1815

FY87 3000 1050 1310

FY88 3000 1077 1776

FY89 3000 777 1326

FY90 3120 761 1411

/
21

TABLE 7 (continued)

Federal Funding Under the Marina Mammal Protaction Act

Marine Mammal

Commission (MMC)

FY74

FY75

FY76

FY77

FY78

FY79

FY80

FY81

FY82

FY83

FY84

FY85

FY86

FY87

FY88

FY89

FY90

AUTHORIZED

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

672

1000

1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

1100

1140

REQUESTED

825

1000

1000

1000

900

702

640

1000

672

594

638

648

738

855

862

933

960

APPROPRIATED

412

750

900

1000

900

702

940

734

672

822

929

929

861

910

953

953

960

Note: Figures on this table reflect administrative and enforcement costs as well as research

costs. The figures for FWS and NMFS are those reported to the Commission by those

agencies. Funding under the column headings reflect levels listed as (1) authorized under

sections of the Act. (2) requested funding of the agencies, and (3) funds SUbsequently

appropriated by Congress.
TABLE 8

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

OTHER THAN THOSE APPROPRIATED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands 01 Dollars)

FY74 FY75 FV76 Fvn FY78 FY79 FYSO FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 FYB5 FY86 FY87 FYB8 FYB9 FY90

Department 01 Commerce, NOAA

Natlonal Marine Flsh.rl•• Service

Fur Seal Act Authorlzat1on 309 395 743 595 595 595 595 595 595 595 619 620 654 654 477 368 448

Reprogramlng and Reserves 295 442 59 78

Endangered Species Act Approprlallon 284 294 294 1428.4 775 500 250 350 799 803

NMFS TOTAL 604 837 802 967 889 889 2023.4 1370 595 595 619 620 1154 904 827 1167 1251

Department of the Interior

Flllh and Wlldl"e Service

FWS Appropriation 49 75 83.3 16 82.2 I\)

Endangered SpecIes Act Approprlallon 93.7 213.1 162 362.9 123 348 614 879 736.3 891 825 1125 1170 I\)

National Wildlife Reruge System 11 5

AdmInIstration Act Appropriation

Olt Spill Damage Assessmenl 414

FWS TOTAL 49 75 83.3 16 93.7 213.1 244.2 362.9 134 353 614 879 736.3 891 825 1125 1584

·FY76 data Include Iransllion quarter (JUly-September 1976)
23

FIGURE 2

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

BY THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND THE

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, FY74-FY90*

(Thousands of Dollars)

National Marine Fisheries Service T

h

a

u

s

a

n

d

s

a

f

D

a

I

I

a

,

s

7500

6750

6000

5250

4500

3750

3000

2250

1500

750

0

FY74 FY76 FY78 FY80 FY82 FY84 FY86

••

::::.••:..•••••••::.•. ::.::::.•••.::::.:: Jj, ~:.~ FY88 FY90

o MMPA FUNDS IIIOTHER FUNDS

Fiscal Yea'

FY74 FY76 FY78 FY80 FY82 FY84 FY86 FY88 FY90

3500

3150

2800

2450

2100

1750

1400

1050

700

350

0 :~~~: ~f:~

a

f

T Fish and Wildlifa Service

h

a

u

s

a

n

d

s

D

a

I

I

a

,

s

Fiscal Yea'

IJ MMPA FUNDS !21 OTl-IER FUNDS

*Figure 2 is developed from data shown on Table 3 and Table 8.
TABLE 9

NUMBER OF PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO MARINE MAMMAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

IN THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, FY74·FY90·

Nationa' Marin. FI,b'r!1I S,nle'"

FY74 FY75 FY76 FY77 FY7S FY79 FY80 FYS1 FYS2 FYS3 FY84 FY65 FYee FYS7 FVSS FY89 FYOO

Administrative 26 26 42 7 6 86.5 33.5 27.1 16 19.9 23.2 21.8 11.8 22.3 23.1 38.3

Research 28 33 31 17 20 48.9 60.7 61.2 42.7 76.3 75.6 78.3 63,S 67.3 70.2 80.5

NMFS Tolel 54 61 73 24 26 135.4 166.1 94.2 88.3 56.7 96.2 98.8 ea.l 75.3 89.6 93.3 118.8

El,b and WildI". S.ry'c....

FY74 FY75 FY76 FYn FY78 FY76 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY63 FY84 FY65 FYea FY87 FY88 FY89 FYOO I\)

,J:>.

Admlnlstrallve 12.1 14.1 15.2 16.6 17.1 20.3 24.6 23.3 21.5 6 18.1 21.1 19.8 1.5 5.5 5,4 4

Research 6 11 11.8 14.8 13,2 17.2 17.4 17.8 16.5 16 17.6 17.8 16.5 27,7 29.1 31.4 29.8

FWS Total 18.1 25.1 27 31.4 30.3 37.5 42 41.1 36 22 35.7 38.9 36.1 29.2 34.6 36.6 33.8

·Flgures provided by 1tIe agencies.

··The National Mal1ne Flsherles Service changed their method of roporllng -

In FV77. 10 number of personnel; In FY79, 10 p9nnanent employee man-years; and

In 1984, to full·tlme equivalents.

UOReported In man-years In FY74-FY81 and as full·llme eqUivalents thereafter.
25

APPENDIX A

SOURCES OF MARINE MAMMAL INFORMATION

FROM FEDERALLY·FUNDED RESEARCH AND STUDIES

Department of Commerce

National Marine Fisheries Service

Administrative reports ofthe various fisheries centers

Annual Reports for the Marine Mammal Protection Act

Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

(Journal Fisheries Research Board ofCanada)

Canadian Journal ofZoology

Conservation Biology

Contributions 10 edited books

Ecology

Evolution

Fisheries Bulletin (NMFS, NOAA, Department ofCommerce)

International Whaling Commission Annual Reports

International Whaling Commission, Working Papers of the

Scientific Committee

Journal of Mammalogy

Journal of Theoretical Biology

Journal ofWildlife Management

Marine Fisheries Review (NMFS, NOAA, Department ofCommerce)

Marine Mammal Division -- Annual Reports on Fur Seal Investigations

Marine Mammal Science

Marine Pollution Science

NOAA Technical Reports, NMFS Scientific Reports-Fisheries

North Atlantic Studies

Oceanus

Pacific Science

Physiological Zoology

Polar Biology

Proceedings of conferences

National Sea Grant College Program

Marine Mammal Infonnation
26

Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, Sanctuary

Programs Division

Administrative reports of contractors

Fishery Bulletin

Marine Fisheries Review

NOAA Technical Reports

Proceedings of conferences

pepartment of Defense

Air Force

Headquarters Space Division Technical Reports

Space Shuttle Final Environmental Impact Statement

Navy

Acta Zoologica Fennica

American Journal of Veterinary Research

Animal Behavior Processes

Annals of the New York Academy of Science

Aquatic Mammals

Arctic

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Biology ofReproduction

Brain, Behavior and Evolution

Breviora

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Cetology

Contributions to edited books

Deep-SeaResearch

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms

Fishery Bulletin

Journal Acoustical Society of America

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Journal of Mammalogy

Journal of Morphology

Journal ofWildlife Diseases

Marine Fisheries Review

Marine Mammal Science

Microbios Letters

Naval Ocean Systems Center Technical Reports

PolarRecord

Proceedings of conferences

Science

Transactions ofthe San Diego Society of Natural History

Vision Research
27

pepartment of Energy

Canadian Journal ofFisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Ecological Monographs

Environmental Conservation

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Progress reports on projects

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Department of the Interior

Fish and Wildlife Service

Acta Anatomica

Acta Zoologica

Aquatic Mammals

Biolocial Conservation

Bulletin of Marine Science

Contributions to edited books

Cornell Veterinarian

Fishery Bulletin

Florida Scientist

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Journal of Comparative Physiology

Journal of Mammalogy

Journal of Morphology

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Journal ofWildlife Management

North American Fauna Series

Northeast Gulf Science

Reports available through the National Technical Information Service

U. S. Department ofthe Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service:

a) Annual Reports for the Marine Mammal Protection Act

b) Biological Services Reports

c) National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory Reports

d) Wildlife Rearch Reports

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

Zoomorphology

Geological Survey

Geological Survey Professional Papers

Publications of the Charleston Museum

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Paleontology

Systematic Zoology

Minerals Management Service

NOAA/OCEAP Annual Reports

NOAA/OCEAP Final Reports

NOAA/OCEAP Lease Area Synthesis Reports

Project reports available through the National Technical Information Service
28

National Park Service

Administrative reports

Department of State

EIS: Possible Regime for the Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources

International Whaling Commission Scientific Reports

Project reports available through the National Technical

Information Service

Marine Mammal CommissjoD

Project reports available through the National Technical

Information Service

Marine Mammal Commission Annual Report

National Science FoundatjoD

Antarctic Bibliography

Antarctic Journal of the United States

Numerous scientific journals

Smithsonian InstitutioD

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

Contributions to edited books

Fishery Bulletin

Florida State Museum, Plaster Jacket

Journal of Mammalogy

Marine Mammal Science

Physiological Zoology

Procedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Marine Sciences

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Paleontology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Zoology

Systematic Zoology
*

29

APPENDIXB

LISTING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND

STUDY PROJECTS, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS,

AND FUNDING LEVEL

FOR FY90*

COMPILED FROM INFORMATION PROVIDED

TO TIlE MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION

BY EACH AGENCY

For a listing of projects for the period FY70·FY79, see Waring, G. H., 1981, Survey of Federally-Funded

Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70·FY79, Publication PB81·174336, National Technicallnformation

Service, Springfield, Virginia, 235 p.

For a listing of projects for the period FY80·FY89, see Waring, G. H., 1990, Survey of Federally-Funded

Marine Mammal Research and Studies, FY70·FY89, Publication PB90-272097, National Technical Information

Service, Springfield, Virginia, 154 p.
30

Department of Agricnlture

FY90

(No projects)

Department of Commerce

1. National Marine Fisberies Service

A. Alaska Fisberies Science Center

Bengtson, J. (NMML)

Antarctic Ecosystem Program (8L1A5T3N)

Braham, H. W. (NMML)

Laboratory Administration (8L1A5T3A)

Calkins, D. G. (Alaska Dept. ofFish and Game)

Assessment of Injury to Steller Sea Lions in Prince William

Sound and the Gulf of Alaska ("Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill)

DeLong,R.L.(NMML)

California Current Ecosystem Program (8L1A5T3C)

Fowler, C. W. (NMML)

Ecosystem and Population Assessment Program

(8L1A5T3E)

Jones, L. L. (NMML)

Higb Seas Fisberies Interactions (8LIA5T3H)

High Seas Squid Drifmet (8L2BSNOO)

Jones, L. L. and D. Withrow (NMML)

Arctic Whales Program (8L1A5T3R)

Lowry, L. and K. Frost (Alaska Dept. ofFish and Game)

Assessment ofInjury to Harbor Seals in Prince William Sound

and Adjacent Areas ("Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill)

Lougblin,T.R.(NMML)

Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska Ecosystem (8L1A5T3B)

Matkin, C. and O. von Ziegesar (North Gulf Oceanic Society)

Assessment of Injuries to Killer Whales in Prince William Sound,

Kodiak Archipelago, and Southeast Alaska ("Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill)

$326.8K

$436.6K

$17I.2K

$297.5K

$447.9K

$233.4K

$320.2K

$316.2K

$159.3K

$715.3K

$255.8K
31

Matkin, C., D. McSweeney, J. Straley, and O. von Ziegesar

Effects ofthe "Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill on the Distribution and

Abundance of Humpback Whales in Prince William Sound, Southeast

Alaska, and the Kodiak Archipelago $92K

B. Alaska Regional Office

Spraker, T. (Wildlife Pathology International)

Humane Observer (0-HAWF·0-00092)

zacharof, M. (Aleut Community of SL Paul)

1990 Fur Seal Subsistence Harvest Data (o-HAWF-O-00091)

C. Nortbeast Fisberies Science Center

Brault, S. (National Research Council)

Pilot Whale Population Dynamics (OP.4)

Finn, J. (Univ. Massachusetts)

North American Right Whale Program:

Population Dynamics (OP.1.4)

Katona, S. (College ofthe Atlantic)

Humpback Whale Individual Identification (OP.3.2)

Kratts, S. (New England Aquarium)

North American Right Whale Program:

Individual Identification (OP.1.3)

Mayo, C. A. (Center for Coastal Studies)

Distribution and Habitat Usage of Large Cetaceans (OP.3.1)

Mayo, S. (Center for Coastal Studies)

North American Right Whale Program:

Habitat Requirements (OP.1.2)

Nicolas, J. (NEFSC)

Marine Mammal Biological Sampling (ER.2)

Payne, P. M. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Fishery Resource and Marine Mammal Sighting

Surveys (ER.1.1)

Polacheck, T. (NEFSC)

Harbor Porpoise Program: Sighting Survey (OP.2.2)

Polacheck, T. and D. Potter (NEFSC)

Harbor Porpoise Program: Sighting Survey Methods (OP.2.2)

$3.5K

$2K

$45K

$18K

$23K

$79K

$41K

$33K

$23K

$46K

$75K

$49K
32

Smith, T. (NEFSC)

Marine Mammal By-Catch Estimation (ID.2)

North American Right Whale Program (OP.l)

Harbor Porpoise Program OP.2)

North Atlantic Humpback Whale Program (OP.3)

Waring, G. (NEFSC)

Predation and Spatial Co-OCcurrence (ER.l)

Cetacean Habitat Survey (ER.l.2)

Winn, H. and R. Kenney (Univ. Rhode Island)

North American Right Whale Program:

Sighting Data and Habitat Use (OP.l.l)

D. Northwest Fisheries Science Center

Varanasi, U. (NWFSC)

Chemical and Biochemical Analyses of Marine Mammals

E. Northwest Regional Office

Brown, R. (Oregon Dept. ofFish and Wildlife)

Oregon Harbor Seal and Sea Lion Project (NAS8-ABD-00103)

F. Southeast Fisheries Science Center

McGowan (SEFSC)

Image Archival and Processing for Right Whales, Humpback

Whales, and Bottlenose Dolphins (FSNlQO-8L1C4T)

Mullin, K. (SEFSC. Pascagoula Laboratory)

Deep Water Cetaceans ofthe Gulf ofMexico

Powers. J. (SEFSC. Miami Laboratory)

Stoek StruClllre Analysis ofBottlenose Dolphins

(FSNlOO-8L1C4T)

Low-Level Monitoring ofBottlenose Dolphin Stoeks in the

Coastal Waters of the Southeastern United States

(FSNlOO-8L1C4T)

Photogrammetric Analysis ofBottlenose Dolphin

Populations (FSNlQO-SL1C4T)

$25K

$12K

$25K

$6K

$49K

$19K

$93K

$27.5K

$35.6K

$16K

$83.IK

$12K

$lOOK

$lOK
33

Regional Aerial Survey of the Gulf of Mexico (FSNl00-8LlC4T)

Emergency Investigation of Gulf Dolphin Dieoff

G. Southwest Fisheries Science Center

Barlow,J. and D. P. DeMaster (SWFSC)

Coastal Marine Mammals (540)

Dizon, A. and D. P. DeMaster (SWFSC)

Biological Assessment Program (520)

Gerrodette, T. and D. P. DeMaster (SWFSC)

Dolphin Stock Assessment Program (510)

Gilmartin, W. G. (SWFSC, Honolulu Lab)

Hawaiian Monk Seal Research and Recovery

(FSRZOO/8LlA3VWO)

Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Beach Debris

Clean-up (FSR200/8LlASB7F)

Perrin, W.F.(SWFSC)

Senior Scientist Unit (060)

Reilly, S. and D. P. DeMaster (SWFSC)

Fishery Dependent Assessment Program (530)

H. Southwest Regional Office

Hanan, D. (California Dept. Fish and Game)

California Coastal Marine Mammals (A90AB-H-FC411)

2. National Ocean Pollution Program Office

(No projects)

3. National Sea Grant College Program

Fay, F. (Univ. Alaska)

Behavior and Vocalizations ofTrnnsient Killer Whales

(RI06-C)

$50K

$114K

$242.9K

$457.4K

$583.6K

$392.9K

$25K

$135.3K

$335.6K

$65K

$32.3K
34

4. North Pacific Fisheries Management Council

(No projects reported)

5. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

(No projects)

6. Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment

Basta, D. J. (NOAA Ocean Assessments Division)

Living Marine Resources Mapping Project

Marine Mammals

Department of Defense

1. Air Force (Space Division, Air Force Systems Command)

Stewart, B., C. Cooper, and P. K. Yochem (Hubbs Marine Research Center)

Field Studies ofPinniped and Seabird Populations Likely to

be Affected by Launch-Related Noise of Military Space

Vehicles (F0470-88C-0026)

2. Army (Corps of Engineers)

(No projects)

3. Navy

A. Naval Ocean Systems Center

Au, W. W. L. (NOSe)

Complex Echo Classification (IursiOlls)

(MMB2511B01)

Gisiner, R. C. and J. A. Thomas (NOSe)

Echolocation in a False Killer Whale (MMB251lB03)

Moore, P. W. B. (NOSe)

Binaural Hearing CTursiops) (MMB251lB02)

$25K

$173.9K

$1l7K

$l02K

$130K
35

Nachtigall, P. E. (NOSC)

Risso's Visual Acuity (MMB2511B05)

Nachtigall, P. E., P. W. B. Moore, and H. L. Roitblat (NOSe)

Matching-to-Sample ITursjons) (MMB2511AOl)

Ridgway, S. H. and D. A. Carder (NOSe)

Marine Mammal Medical Research and Animal Health

(MM405IONOI)

Sigurdson, J. E. (NOSe)

Acoustic Communication ITursions) (MMB2511B04)

B. Office of Naval Research

Nachtigall, P. E. (NOSe)

Dolphin Echolocation: Cognitive and Perceptual Processing

Models Cfursions) (4424262-01)

Department of Energy

(No projects)

Department of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health

Bullock, T. H. (Univ. California, San Diego)

Non-Standard Models for Study ofCognition ERPS

(ROI NS25963-03)

Castellini, M. A. (Univ. Alaska)

Sleep Apnea in Seals: Metabolic Implications

(R29 HL38675-04)

Fathrnan, C. G. (Stanford Univ.)

Study of a Ternary Complex That Drives T Cell

Activation (R0l A127989-02)

Hodgson, E. (North Carolina State Univ.)

Pesticides and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes

(poI ESOOO44-25)

$IOSK

$1 13K

$354K

$55K

$I60K

S92.IK

$S6.lK

$I85.3K

S132K
36

Kooyman, G. L. (Univ. California, San Diego)

Exercise Physiology to Maximum Lung Volume in

Aquatic Mammals (poI HLI7731-16)

LaMar, G. N. (Univ. California, Davis)

Structural and Dynamic Study of Model Herne Complexes

(R37 HLI6087-17)

Ortiz, C. L. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

Developmental Physiology of Elephant Seal Pups During

Natural, Prolonged Fasts (S06 GM08132-16)

Rowell, L. B. (Univ. Washington)

Regulation ofBlood How Distribution (pOI HL16910-17)

Tyack, P. L. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Ontogeny of Signature Whistles and Mimicry ITursiQPs)

(R29 DC00429-04)

Weiner, S. (Weizmann Institute, Israel)

Structural Studies of Matrix Proteins in Teeth and Bone

(ROI DE06954-06)

Wichman, H. A. (Univ. Idaho)

Mammalian Genomes: Stasis and Change (R29 GM38727-05)

Wicham, G. M. (Northeastern State Univ., OK)

Computer Based Image Analysis ofIris Sections

(R15 EY085450-1)

Witztum, J. L. (Univ. California, San Diego)

Apolipoprotein E Deficiency and Atherosclerosis

(ROI HL39608-04)

pepartment of the Interjor

1. Fish and Wildlife Service

Amstrup, S. (AFWRC)

Distribution, Timing, and Importance of Polar Bear

Denning in Northern Alaska (204.01)

Population Definition and Dynamics of Polar Bears in

the Beaufort Sea (204.Q2)

Relationships Between Polar Bears, Sea Ice, and

Pagophilic Seals (204.03)

$122.5K

$187.8K

$63.4K

$133.1K

$97.3K

$57.7K

$90.8K

$95.4K

$78K

$45.4K

$324K

$47.8K
37

Brownell, R. (NERC)

Ecological Studies of Sea Otters and Other Marine

Mammals (880.11)

Interactions Between Sea Otters and Nearshore Ecological

Communities (880.12)

Translocation of Sea Otters (880.13)

DeGange, A. (AFWRC)

Biological Information Necessary to Establish a Zonal

Management Program for Sea Otters in Alaska (210.02)

Interactions Between Sea Otters and Fisheries in Alaska

(210.03)

Basis for Estimating Sustained Yield, and Means for

Regulating Sea Otter Populations in North America (210.04)

Assess the Fate of Sea Otters Oiled and Rehabilitated as a

Result of the "Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill (210.06)

Magnitude, Extent, and Duration of Impacts from the

"Exxon Valdez" Oil Spill on Sea Otter Populations (210.05)

Garner, G. (AFWRC)

Population Definition and Dynamics ofPolar Bears in

Northwestern and Western Alaska (204.04)

Inter-Relationships Between Sea Ice Habitats and Polar Bear

Distribution in Northwestern Alaska (Bering and Chukchi Sea)

(204.05)

Hills, S. and L. F. Pank (AFWRC & Maine Cooperative Fish and

Wildlife Research Unit)

Techniques to Monitor WaIrus Population Dynamics and

Refme Estimates of Numbers (214.01)

Kitchens, W. (Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife

Research Unit)

Manatee Protection Project Survey ofBoat Usage Patterns

(540.05)

Evaluation of Manatee Distribution Patterns in Response

to Public Use Activities, Crystal River, Florida (540.06)

Evaluation ofCumulative Impacts to the Habitat ofthe

Manatee, Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge, Florida

(540.07)

Manatee Movements and Foraging in Cumberland Sound and

Adjacent Waters (FL 06)

$263.1K

$132.2K

$348.6K

$212.3K

$36.9K

$4

$65K

$515K

$349.8K

33.6K

$195.4K

$4

$..(}.

$4

$25K
38

Klein, D. (Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit)

Walrus Harvest Monitoring in Western Alaska (596.01)

O'Shea, T. (NERC)

Ecological Smdies of Manatees and Dugongs (880.10)

Holle Sound Sea Grass Study (880.61)

Schamberger, M. (NERC)

Develop a Generalized Microcomputer Capability for

Field Offices to Address Large-Scale Resource Assessment

(640.17)

2. Geological Survey

(No projectsreported)

3. Minerals Management Service

Becker, P., S. Wise, and R. Zeisler (NOOA, National lnst

of StandanIs and Technology)

Acquisition and Curation of AIaskan Marine Mammal

Tissues for Determining Levels of Contaminants

Associated with Offshore Oil and Gas Development

(OCSEAP RU 692)

Brueggeman,J. J. (Ebasco, Inc.)

Oregon and Washington Marine Mammal and Seabird

Surveys (14-35-0001-30426)

Bums, J. (Living Resources, Inc.)

Bowhead Whale Book -- Coeditor (PO 83381)

Carvan, M. (Texas A&M Univ.)

A Nove1ln Yitm System for Marine Toxicological

Analysis (PO 13270)

Davis, R. (Texas A&M Univ.)

Production of Sea OtterReserve Training Videos and

Monograph (14-35-0001-30522)

Geraci, J. and D. St Aubin (Battelle)

Synthesis of Effects of Oil on Marine Mammals

(14-12-0001-30293)

Goodyear, J. (Univ. Guelph)

Application and Construction of Satellite Tags for Large

Whales (PO 12886)

$-?-

S340.2K

S54.6K

S19K

S107K

S33K

S22.5K

SI5.4K

S83.9K

$25K

S18.6K
39

Rain, J. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Publication of Scientific Results on Aspects of the

CETAP Program (PO 11206)

Southeast Atlantic Right Whale/Boat Interactions Using

Coordinated Airship Overflights (PO 13269)

Johnson, S. (LGL Alaska Research Associates)

Monitoring Beaufort Sea Waterfowl and MarineBirds;

Determining Use of KasegaIuk Lagoon by Marine Birds and

Mammals (14-35-0001-30491)

Kraus, S. et al. (New England Aquarium)

Endangered Right Whales of the South Atlantic

(14-35-0001-30486)

Lambertsen, R. (Univ. Pennsylvania)

A Baseline Method to Evaluate Chemico-BiologicaI Interactions

Involving Cetacea (14-12-0001-30533)

LeBoeuf, B. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

Conference on Northern Elephant Seal (14-35-0001-30554)

Diving Studies ofNorthern Elephant Seals (PO 12485)

(co-funded with NSF)

Mate, B. (Oregon State Univ.)

Applications ofRemote Methods ofLarge Cetacean

Tracking (14-12-0001,30411)

Mizrock, S. (NMFS)

Workshop on the Estimation ofCalf MortaIity in the North

Pacific Humpback Whale (PO 13184)

Moore, S. (SEACO/SAIC)

Monitoring the Distribution ofChukchi Whales

(14-35-0001-30468)

Mullin, K. (NMFS)

Relationship Between Sea Turtles and Pettoleum Platforms

and Whale Species Diversity (14-12-0001-30398)

Phillips, R. L. (NOAA &USGS)

Delineation, Faunal Composition, and Repeated Use of

Benthic Feeding Areas by Walrus and Endangered Gray Whales

in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea (OCSEAP RU 722)

Ragen, T. and P. Dayton (Scripps Institute)

Migration of Northern Fur Seal Pups in the Bering Sea

(pO 12523)

$..()..

$19.6K

$420K

$241.8K

$56.6K

$30K

$27.5K

$329.3K

$8K

$252K

$197.8K

$77.2K

$15K
40

Richardson, W. J. et a1. (LGL Ecological Research Assoc.)

Synthesis of Infonnation on the Effects ofNoise on

Marine Mammals (14-12-0001-30362)

Nonna! Behavior of Davis Strait Bowheads: A Control Group

for the Western Arctic Stock (14-12-0001-30390)

Effects of Production Activities on Arctic Whales

(14-I2-0001-30412)

Schell, D. (Univ. Alaska)

Stable Isotope Analysis of 1987 and 1988 Zooplankton and

Bowhead Whale Tissues (14-12-0001-30472)

Setzler-Hamilton, E. (Univ. Maryland, Eastern Shore)

Development of Visual Matrix Charts Which Categorize

Research Literature on Endangered Whales

(14-12-0001-30208)

Treacy, S. D. (MMS, Alaska OCS Region)

Bowhead Whale Aerial Survey Project

Wartzok, D. (Society for Marine Mammalogy)

Bowhead Whale Book (14-35-0004-60148)

Winn, H. E. (Univ. Rhode Island)

South Channel Ocean Productivity Experiment (SCOPEX)

(PO 14669) (co-funded with NSF)

4. National Park Service

Rice, B. (NPS)

Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Sea Otter Surveys: Assessment of Oil

Spill, Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska

Squibb, R. (NPS)

Sea Lion, Harbor Seal, Sea Otter Surveys: Assessment of

Oil Spill, Katrnai National Park and Preserve, Alaska

Department of State

Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and

Scientific Affairs

Gambell, R. (International Whaling Commission)

Research Fund ofthe International Whaling Commission

$-0-

$7I5K

$75.7K

$519.3K

$30K

$20K

$8.3K
41

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical Tuna Conunission)

Porpoise(Tuna Investigations

Powell D. L. (Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources)

Scientific Committee Budget

Enyjronmental Pr0tectjoD Agency

Haebler, R. and R. K. Harris (Environmental Research Laboratory

and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology)

Assessment ofPathological Processes and Mechanisms

of Toxicity in Sea Otters That Died Following Exxon

Valdez Oil Spill

Haebler, R. and D. Kuehl (Environmental Research Laboratory)

Environmental Pathotoxicology of Dolphins

Marine Mammal CommissioD

Buckland, S. (Scottish Agricultural Statistical Service,

Aberdeen, Scotland)

Review of Information Concerning Small Cetacean

Populations in the Black Sea (T75133135)

Domning, D. P. (Howard Univ.)

Commuttication of Information Concerning Conservation

of Manatees and Dugongs (T75132327)

Fay, F. H. (Univ. Alaska)

International Workshop on the Ecology and Management

ofWa1rus Populations (T75132903)

Haigh, J. C. et aI. (Marine Mammal Commission)

Training Course for APHIS Veterinary Inspectors

Justman, R. A. and A. Nielsen (Marine Mammal Commission)

Tern Island Site Survey (T75132669 & T75132709)

Kellert, S. R. (Yale Uttiv.)

Development of a Global Marine Environment Ethic

( T75132932)

Kraus, S. D. and R. D. Kenney (Univ. Rhode Island and New

England Aquarium)

Evaluation ofCritical Right Whale Habitat

(T75133753 & T75133740)

$1138.4K

$1.8K

$50K

$50K

$IK

$O.8K

$2K

$6.4K

$3.7K

$5K

$2K
42

LeBoeuf, B. J. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

International Conference on Northern and Southern

Elephant Seal (175133724)

National Marine Fisheries Service

Workshop to Develop a Recommended Protocol for

Evaluating Swim-With-A-Dolphin Programs

Perrin, W. F. (Center for Marine Conservation)

World Conservation Union: Species Survival Commission

Cetacean Action Plan (175133685)

Pitcher, K. W. (Alaska Dept. ofFish and Game)

Tugidak Island Harbor Seal Survey (175133261)

Reif, J. S. and R. S. Wells (Dept. Environmental Health, Ft. Collins,

Colorado, and the Brookfield Zoo)

Review of Gulf of Mexico Bottlenose Dolphin Die-off

Investigation (175132851 &175132864)

Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (Scott Polar Research

Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom)

Handbook on Antarctic Seal Research Methods and Techniques

( 175133672)

Swartzman, G. L., J. J. Brueggeman, and K. A. Green-Hammond

(Marine Mammal Commission)

Workshop on the Bering Sea and Southern Ocean

Ecosystem (175133193,175133656,175133669)

Townsend, R. L. (Townsend Environmental)

Review of Information Concerning Humpback Whales in

Hawaii (175132495)

Waring, G. H. (Southern IIlniois Univ., Carbondale)

Survey ofFederally-Funded Marine Mammal Research

( 175133724)

Watkins, W. A. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Development of a Computerized Cetacean Bibliography

( 175133685)

Wiirsig, Bernd (Texas A&M Univ., Galveston)

Bottlenose Dolphins as Possible Environmental Indicators

( 175133708)

$2K

$7.IK

$6K

$5K

$IK

$2K

$33.3K

$7.4K

$3.5K

$IK

$3.5K
43

National Aeronautjcs and Snace AdmjnistratioD

Lefebvre, L. and J. Provancha (USFWS & NASA)

Detennination of Long Term Changes in a Seagrass Bed

Protected from Grazing by Manatees (NASID-1162AX)

Provancha, J. A. (Bionetics Corp.)

Long Tenn Monitoring of Distribution and Abundance of

Manatees at Kennedy Space Center, Florida (NASIO-1l624A)

National Science FwmdatioD

Beardsley, R. C. and R. Limebumer (Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution)

Springtime Circulation in the Great South Channel

(SCOPEX) (OCE-8713988)

Frost, B. and M. Macauley (Univ. Washington)

Acoustics ofCopepoda and Micronekton in the Great

South Channel (OCE-89l5844)

Hain, J. H. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Airships in Cetacean Research (0CE-9009431)

LeBoeuf, B. (Univ. California, Santa Cruz)

Diving Studies of Northern Elephant Seals (BSR-89169677)

(co-funded with MMS)

Biological Studies ofNorthern Elephant Seals (BSR-8919933)

Diving and Foraging Behavior of Northem Elephant Seals (lNT-9016374)

Miyamoto, M. (Univ. Florida)

Molecular Systematics of Eutherian Mammals and

Other Species (BSR-8945103)

Palumbi, S. (Univ. Hawaii)

Genetic Diversity ofEndangered Populations ofMysticete

Whales: Mitochondrial DNA and Historical Demography

(BSR-9000006)

Smuts, B. (Univ. Michigan)

Social Behavior in Apes and Dolphins (BNS-885769)

Testa, J. (Univ. Alaska)

Dispersal and Diving Behavior of Seals Detennined

by SatelIite Telemetry (DPP-88-16567)

$5.2K

$13.9K

$83.3K

$27K

$48.6K

$55K

$70K

$17.9K

$25K

$130K

$66.5K

$1l5.5K
44

Tyack, P. and L. Sayigh (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Development of Signature Whistles in Free-Ranging

Bottlenose Dolphins (BNS-90I4545)

Winn, H. E. et aI. (Univ. Rhode Island)

South Channel Ocean Productivity Experiment (SCOPEX)

0CE-8915g«)

Smjthsonian InstitutioD

Mead, J. G. (Museum of NaturaI History)

Marine MammaI Program (80337100)

$9.IK

$173K

$165K