,. r 

NASA Contractor Report 177937 

THE TIMING OF NOISE-SENSITIVE 

ACTIVITIES IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS 

James M. Fields 

THE BIONETICS CORPORATION 

Hampton, Virginia 

Contract NAS1-16978 

July 1985 

NI\SJ\ 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

NASA-CR-177937 

19850023605 

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Langley Research Center 

Hampton, Virginia 23665 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODIJCTION. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 1 

DATA FOR THE ANALYSES ..................................................... 2 

DESCRIPTION OF NOISE-SENSITIVE ACTIVITY PATTERNS .......................... 5 

An Alternative Measure of Activity Level ................................ 7 

Patterns for Different Days of the week and Seasons of the Year ••••••••• 9 

COMPARISONS OF PATTERNS FOR DIFFERENT POPULATION GROUPS ••••••••••••••••••• 11 

CONCLIJDING REMARKS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN'I' ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14 

APPENDIX A: OPTIONS SELECTED FOR PROCESSING TIME-USE DATA •••••••••••••••• 15 

APPENDIX B: SURVEY QUESTION AND CODING ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19 

APPENDIX C: DETAILED HOURLY ACTIVITY DATA FOR ALL INTERVIEWS AND FOR 19 

SUBGROUPS FOR WEEKENDS AND WEEKDAYS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 25 

REFERENCES •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 38 

TABLE ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 

FIGURES .••......•.....................................•.•.•.....•....••. . 40 

i 
INTRODUCTION 

It is often assumed that the impact of simi1iar noise levels is different 

at different times of day. If there are such differences in sensitivity then it 

is necessary to identify the particular hours at which there is a heightened 

sensitivity. 

There is evidence suggesting that it is not possible to measure the 

differences in sensitivity between reactions during the day, evening and night 

(Fields, 1985). The difficulty arises from the high correlations between day, 

evening and night noise levels. Correlations would be even higher for adjacent 

hours of the day and thus it would clearly not be possible to measure 

differences in sensitivity between reactions in particular hours. In short, 

direct analyses of people's responses to noise will not aid in determining the 

boundaries of noise-sensitive time periods. 

One possible basis for establishing the boundaries of noise-sensitive time 

periods is the prevalence of noise-sensitive activities during different time 

periods. This requires information about the proportion of the total 

population and of various subgroups which are engaged in noise-sensitive 

actitivies at different times of day. 

Several noise studies have published some information about the timing of 

sleeping periods in selected areas in France (Aubree, et al., 1971, p.429; 

Francois, 1977; p.17), England (Brooker and Nurse, 1983, Figure 2) and around 

Heathrow (Second Survey of ••• , 1971; p. 43). 

Other large-scale, non-noise surveys of people's daily activities have 

collected much more extensive information about the timing of different types of 

activities for national populations. Previous analyses of these surveys have 

provided information about the amount of time that people are engaged in 
different activities (Juster and Stafford, 1985). Such analyses have not 

however provided detailed information about the timing of activities. 

2 

This report analyses the data from the 1976 Time Use Survey conducted by 

the Institute of Social Research at the (roiversity of Michigan. These analyses 

provide information about the timing of noise-sensitive activites of the adult 

population of the (roited States. Detailed hourly data provide estimates of the 

proportions of the adult population which are engaged in noise-sensitive 

activities. On the bases of these data some broad observations are made about 

two issues: the prevalence of noise-sensitive activities and the timing of 

(time-period boundaries for) noise-sensitive activities. Some general trends in 

the data are identified, but no attempt is made to develop parsimoneous models 

to describe the ways in which patterns of time-use vary with the time of day. 

The study methods used in the time-use survey are described in the next 

section of this report. The section after that provides the basic information 

on the percentages of the population which are engaged in noise-sensitive 

activities during each hour of the day. Results are presented separately for 

weekday and weekend days. The possibility of seasonal differences is 

considered. In the final section of the report, patterns of noise-sensitive 

activities are compared for population groups which are defined by age, sex, 

section of the country and degree of urbanization. 

DATA FOR THE ANALYSES 

The data for these analyses come from a large scale, longitudinal time-use 

survey conducted by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research. 

A representative sample of adults in the (roited States was interviewed about 

their activity patterns at four times during 1975-76. All survey procedures 
3 

have been described in detail in previous publications (Juster, et a1., 1978; 

Juster and Stafford, 1985). 

The time-use survey probability sample was designed to represent the adult 

popUlation of the coterminous (Jni ted States exclusive of those on mi li tary 

reservations. The 74 sample points are located in 37 states and the District of 

Columbia. The sample was stratified by geographical area. A total of 1519 

people were interviewed in the first wave. By the fourth wave 947 people were 

interviewed. Of the total sample, 975 people were identified for whom there 

were interviews on at least one weekday, one Saturday and one Sunday. 

Approximately 970 of these respondents provide the data for the analyses in this 

report. The data from these respondents have been weighted to provide results 

which are representative of the population of the United States. Weights were 

applied to account for attrition from the first to fourth wave, the number of 

eligible people in the household, and discrepancies between characteristics of 

respondents and characteristics of the population provided by Bureau of the 

Census data. 

The initial interview was conducted in person in October and November 

(mostly November) of 1975. Follow-up interviews were conducted by telephone in 

three waves: February-March 1976 (mostly in March), May-June 1976 (mostly in 

May) and September 1976. Other data, not analyzed in this report, were 

collected about activities of spouses and children. A second follow-up study 

was conducted with an additional four waves of data in 1981, but is not included 

in this report. The bases for these and other decisions about data selection 

are provided in appendix A. 

The information about activities and the timing of the activities was 

gathered using a time diary technique in which the respondent provides a 
detailed description of activities during the 24-hours of the previous day. 

Each respondent was asked: 

" ••• we would like to know about the things you did on ••• (DIARY DAY) 

At one minute after midnight, the beginning of ••• (DIARY DAY) ••• what 

were you doing?" 

4 

The interviewer then recorded a description of the activity and the time at 

which each activity began and ended (to the nearest minute) as well as recording 

answers to the following questions: 

"Where were you? [HOME, TRANSIT, WORK, OTHER] 

"Who was with you? 

"Were you doing anything else at the same time 

(like talking, reading, watching TV, listening 

.E.£. the radio, eating, or caring for children)?" 

Space was provided in the standard interview for the recording of 65 

activity episodes in the time-diary. (A sample page is reproduced in appendix 

B). The activities were coded into several hundred categories. Forty of these 

activity categories were identified and combined with the information about 

being at home in order to determine whether people at home were engaged in 

either of two noise-sensitive activities, sleeping or aural communication. The 

exact code categories are presented in appendix B and briefly described in the 

text. 

An effort was made to obtain interviews on weekdays as well as on Saturday 

and Sunday. The interviews in the first and last waves tended to produce 

time-diary data for weekdays. As a result there is a correlation between the 

season of the year. This correlation is discussed later. 
5 

The individual interview data were analyzed to provide the aggregated data 

records which were directly manipulated in the analyses presented in this 

report. The unit of analysis in these analyses is thus the measure of the 

proportion of a particular population group which was engaged in a 

noise-sensitive activity during a particular hour. A separate data set which 

has individual respondents as the unit of analysis was produced but has not been 

directly analyzed for this report. Since the present analyses are based on 

complex, weighted aggregated data, no attempt has been made to calculate such 

inferential statistics as standard errors or 95 % confidence intervals. 

DESCRIPTION OF NOISE-SENSITIVE ACTIVITY PATTERNS 

The extent to which people are at home and the prevalence of 

noise-sensitive activities have been calculated for each hour of the day on the 

basis of people's reports on the time when they were engaged in activites on the 

previous day. The results of these calculations can be found in appendix C and 

in the figures. Figure 1 reports the acti vi ty patterns averaged over weekdays 

(Monday through Friday). 

The "percentage of time" which is recorded for each hour in figure 1 is the 

percentage of the total minutes in the hour during which respondents reported 

engaging in the particular types of activities. This percentage is a good 

indicator of the average number of people who are engaged in an activity at any 

particular moment in the hour. This is the measure of activity level which will 

be used in most of this report. An alternative measure of the total number of 

people engaged in an activity during an hour is briefly discussed later in this 

section. 

The percentage of time at home ranges in figure 1 from roughly 95% in the 

middle of the sleeping period to 35% during the day. The continuing trend 
toward higher employment rates for women may have partially decreased the 

percentage at home during the day from these rates which come from a 1975 

survey. Nonetheless it is clear that these residential areas are not empty 

during the normal working day. 

6 

In the afternoon there is a steady increase in the proportion of adults at 

home beginning at about 1500 or 1600, well before adults would return from 

work. This may indicate that adults are returning home to meet school 

children. The steady rise in the evening is interrupted after the 1700 to 1800 

evening meal for the two hours when many evening activites occur outside the 

home. In figure 1 it can be seen that virtually all people who are at qome are 

sleeping at 0300 and that less than 5% of the time is spent sleeping in the 

middle of the day. (Codes for daytime naps are also included in the sleeping 

periods in appendix B.) The transition periods between these nighttime and 

daytime extremes are long enough to be important. The low daytime level is not 

achieved until about 0900 and the rates for sleeping begin to increase in the 

evening as early as 2100. The standard nighttime period for time-period 

weighted noise indices such as Day-Night Sound Level (LDN) begin at 2200 when 

approximately a quarter of the population have already begun to sleep and end at 

0700 when a quarter of the population (probably a different quarter) are still 

sleeping. While the exact percentages of the population which are protected by 

a 2200 to 0700 period can not be calculated directly, it does appear that 

roughly half of the population has at least some of their sleep period which is 

outside of the 2200 to 0700 period. 
7 

The reports of aural communication in figure 1 include interactions with 

children, socializing with people at home, any conversations, meals when another 

person is present and listening to TV, radio or other audio equipment. Such 

communication often was recorded as a secondary activity (see sub-item 6 for the 

interview question in appendix B). The growth in aural communication during the 

afternoon parallels that for numbers of people at home. In both cases the 

increase begins at 1600. Such communication peaks in the prime television 

viewing hours before dropping as people go to bed. 

In figure 2 the two noise-sensitive activities have been summed to provide 

a curve which shows the combined percentage of tine being spent in noisesensitive activities. This combined presentation more clearly shows the quite 

steady rate of increase in noise-sensitive activities over the 1600 to 2300 time 

period. The daytime low of about 15% extends from only about 0900 to 1600. 

An Alternative Measure of Activity Level 

In other parts of this report activity levels are neasured as the 

percentage of tine during which people are engaged in noise-sensitive activities 

for each hour of the day. For a short-duration noise, such as aircraft noise , 

this also provides a good indicator of the percentage of the population which 

might be engaged in a noise-sensitive activity during a single noise event. For 

more continuous noises, such as road traffic, an alternative measure might also 

be considered, a neasure of the percentage of the people who were ever engaged 

in the noise sensitive activity during at least a part of an hour. This measure 

is compared with the percentage-of-time measure in figure 3. 
8 

The new, ever-engaged-in-activity measure in figure 3 necessarily provides 

higher estimates of the number of people exposed than does the time-exposed 

measure. The two measures could only provide exactly equal estimates for an 

hour if all people engaged in the activity for the entire hour. The gap between 

the measures is correspondingly slight for sleep, especially in the middle of 

the night, but the gap is much larger for the aural communication activity. 

These alternative measures of the numbers of people engaged in noise-sensitive 

activities thus yield different estimates of the magnitude of noise-sensitive 

activities. The two measures do not differ, however, in respect to the timing 

of the noise-sensitive activities. Thus the conclusions which might be drawn 

about the boundaries between the highly and less highly noise-sensitive periods 

would be similar for the two measures. 

The remainder of the discussion in the text will refer to only the 

percentage-of-time measure. Appendix C, however, includes a complete set of 

tables for both measures. Estimates of the percentage of the population which 

would be engaged in noise sensitive activities for at least a short time during 

any particular hour can thus be obtained from appendix C. 

The size of the gap in figure 3 between the numbers of people at home and 

the numbers of people who ever engage in any aural communication during an hour 

at home implies that roughly half of the people at home have no aural 

communication at all in each hour during the daytime. It could be that people 

under-report the amount of aural communication they are engaged in. This might 

be especially likely if they had short communications or if they fail to 

continue to report the presence of background music. The gap does suggest that 

the absolute magnitudes of aural communication activities should be interpreted 

cautiously especially for the measures of the percentages of people ever engaged 
9 

in an activity during an hour. It is assumed that any such underreporting would 

not, however, distort the conclusions which might be drawn about the boundaries 

for time periods based on analyses of the time engaged in different activities. 

Patterns for Different Days of the week and Seasons of the Year 

Noise-sensitive activity patterns for the two combined weekend days are 

presented in figure 4. General differences between weekday and weekend days can 

be observed from a comparison with figure 1. However, a better understanding of 

activities on different days of the week is obtained by comparisons of four 

different sets of days (Friday, Saturday, Sunday and Monday through Thursday) in 

figures 5, 6, and 7. The comparison reveals both similarities and differences 

in the timing of activities and the incidence of noise-sensitive activities on 

different days. 

With respect to the timing of activities, figure 7 shows that the sleep 

period is extended by approximately one hour on the two weekend mornings. Other 

more moderate differences in sleep patterns show that the similarities are 

between Friday and Saturday or between Sunday and Monday through Thursday. Only 

the sleep activity displays such differences in the boundaries for 

noise-sensitive activities on different days of the week. Thus for the purposes 

of setting boundaries between noise-sensitive periods of the day, the weekend 

might best be defined as the period from early on Friday evening to early on 

Sunday evening. The boundaries between noise-sensitive periods could remain the 

same for weekdays and weekends except that the sleep-sensitive period should be 

extended by about one hour on Saturday and Sunday mornings. 
10 

With respect to the prevalence of other noise-sensitive activities there 

are substantially more people at home and more aural communication activities on 

weekends. The number of people at home increases by nearly half. This brings 

the numbers of people at home or engaged in communication activities during the 

day on weekends up to the numbers which are observed on weekdays at about 1700, 

but not up the weekday numbers for later in the evening. In the middle of the 

day on Saturday or Sunday the percentage at home is still less than 60%. The 

fact that fewer people work on weekends seems to be at least partially offset by 

the prevalence of other acti vi ties away from the home on weekends. Friday 

differs from the average for the other four weekdays in that there is noticeable 

less time spent at home and in aural communication activities. 

In this study the day of the week is related to the time of year for the 

interview. In table I it can be seen that most of the weekend diary days came 

from the February-March and May-June interviewing waves, while most of the 

weekday time diary days came from either the first wave (October-November 1975) 

or the last wave (September 1976). The percentages have been calculated in two 

different directions in table I. The percentages in the upper left corner of 

each cell are the percentages of the interviews in a wave which are for each 

diary day (eg. 61% of the November interviews were for Monday-Thursday). The 

percentages in the bottom right corner are the percentages for a diary day which 

come from each wave (eg. 44% of the Monday-Thursday dairies come from the 

November interviews). 

Interviews were thus conducted in three seasons of the year, but not in the 

summer months when activity patterns might be affected by summer vacations or by 

children being home from school. The time at home and activity patterns for the 

four interviewing waves are compared in figures 8, 9 and 10. In general 
11 

differences between the interviewing waves are small (less than those for the 

day of week) and difficult to interpret because of the correlation in the study 

design between day of week and season of interview. The sleep patterns for the 

different seasons are virtually identical in figure 10. There is a weak 

tendency for the November wave to be home more in the evening, however, this 

pattern may be at least partly inflated by the fact that the November wave had a 

small proportion of Friday and Saturday interviews (20%). The other waves 

resembled one another in that from 41 to 48% of the diaries were for Friday or 

Saturday. This at least suggests that the slightly reduced time at home in May 

could indicate that there is generally less time at home in warmer months in the 

evening. The policy implications for noise control are not, however, clear. 

People may be engaged in less aural communication at home in the evenings in 

warm months, however, the remaining aural communication may take place under 

conditions which are more sensitive to the presence of noise, i.e., out-of-doors 

or with the windows open. 

COMPARISONS OF PATTERNS FOR DIFFERENT POPULATION GROIJPS 

Weekday activity patterns are presented in figures 11 through 22 for 

sectors of the population which are defined by sex, age, urbanization, and 

region of country. Tables in appendix C provide the supporting data as well as 

the same breakdowns for weekend patterns and for the measure of the percentage 

of people ever engaged in the activity during each hour. 

In figures 11 and 12 it is seen that women are home more and engaged in 

aural communication much more than men during the day and slightly more than men 

during the evening. Sleep patterns are virtually the same. Presumably these 

differences between men and women may have been reduced some since 1975-76 with 

the increased employment of women outside of the home. 
12 

In figures 14 and 15 there is evidence that people over 65 are home much 

more and engaged in much more aural communication. They are also more likely to 

take naps during the middle of the day (figure 14). A rather high proportion 

attempt to nap at some time during the middle of the day. Table C-9 shows that 

in the four early afternoon hours (1200 - 1599 on \.,reekdays) the percentages of 

those over 65 attempting to nap during each hour are 12%, 18%, 15% and 12%. 

Activity patterns are compared for three degrees of urbanization in figures 

17 to 19. Activity patterns do not appear to systematically differ in the 

figures. There is no support for belief that people in urban areas are at home 

less or have later sleeping periods. The lack of any patterns could be 

partially due to the choice of Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas to define 

urbanization; a choice which results in considerable overlap in the types of 

communities which are included in the different urbanization categories (see 

appendix B). 

Activity patterns are presented separately for each region in figures 20 to 

22. There appears to be a weak tendency for people to be at home and engaged in 

aural communication more in the South. There is somewhat less than a one hour 

difference in the timing of sleep between the two most extreme regions (South is 

earliest, North-east is latest). 

CONCLUDING REMARKS 

Data from a 1975-76 nationally representative sample survey have been 

analyzed to provide estimates of the percentage of the population which is 

engaged in noise-sensitive activities during each hour of the day on weekdays, 

Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Estimates are provided of the percentage 

engaged in aural communication activities at home, sleeping at home, or simply 
13 

at home. The day can be roughly divided into four noise sensitivity periods 

consisting of two relatively steady state periods, night (2400 to 0500) and day 

(0900 to 1600), and the early morning and evening transition periods. Weekends 

differ from weekdays in that the morning transition period is one hour later and 

the numbers of people engaged in aural communication during the day at home is 

approximately one-half to three-quarters greater. 

The percentage of the population engaged in either of the two 

noise-sensitive activities on weekdays varies from a nighttime high of 95% to a 

daytime low of about 15%. The low daytime activity level extends from 

approximately 0900 to 1600. The percentage of the population engaged in aural 

communication activities increases from 1600 and the percentage sleeping 

increases from 2000. Even during the daytime on weekdays there is a substantial 

proportion of the population which is at home (over 35%). 

The extent and timing of noise-sensitive activities was found to be 

similiar for all parts of the lmited States, for different sizes of urban areas, 

and for the three seasons surveyed (September through May). Women and people 

over 65 are much more likely to be home during the daytime on weekdays. The 

timing of activity periods does not differ greatly by sex or age. There was 

less than a one hour difference for even the strongest pattern (people under 25 

years of age go to bed earlier and arise later than people over 65). 
14 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

The data for the time-use survey were originally collected by the Institute 

for Social Research at the lfuiversity of Michigan. The data collection was 

supported by the National Science Foundation (grant numbers SOC74-20206, 

SOC74-20206AOl, SOC74-20206A03, and RDA75-21077) and by the U.S. Department of 

Health Education and Welfare (grant number RDA75-21077). Recoding of the data 

for the analyses in this report was carried out at the Institute for Social 

Research. 
15 

APPENDIX A: OPTIONS SELECTED FOR PROCESSING TIME-lJSE DATA 

Five major decisions relating to the processing of the data in the time-use 

data file are described in this appendix. The decisions relate to the (l)study 

year (2) inclusion of secondary respondents from households (3) weighting of the 

sample (4) division by day of week (5) division by season of year. The 

day-of-week and season-of-year issues are discussed because these two variables 

are correlated with each other and with sample attrition. About 3/4 of the 

Monday through Friday interviews were conducted in September or May while about 

3/4 of the Saturday and Sunday interviews were conducted in the two remaining 

waves. The characteristics of the sample, if no weights were used, would be 

expected to change from the first interview to the last interview due to higher 

attrition rates for the more mobile sectors of the population. For this 

particular survey design this means that attrition is related to season of 

survey and day of week. 

1. Year £!. survey 

Time use data are available for both the first phase (4 waves in 1975-76) and 

the second phase (4 waves in 1981-82). The first (1975-76) phase sample was 

selected to represent the population of the Imited States and is thus more 

useful for this report. The 1981-82 sample is largely a subset of the 

earlier sample which could provide information about any changes in the 

intervening years. The 1975-76 sample also has the advantage of being 

larger. 
16 

2. Secondary respondents 

The 1975-76 sample of a single selected individual from each household is 

supplemented with interviews with spouses (wife if the original respondent is 

male or husband if the respondent is female). Including these spouses in the 

analyses would generally lead to greater precision because of the larger 

sample size for the analyses of sleep and time at home. However, analyses 

concerning aural communication could not utilize secondary respondents. The 

spouse data were not suitable for the aural communication analyses because 

information about secondary activities was not collected for the spouses. 

This creates no problem for sleep since sleep is a primary activity, but 

since aural communication is often combined with another activity (eg. 

listening to the television and sewing) estimates of aural communication 

using spouses would have underestimated the amount of aural communication 

activities. The spouses were excluded from the other analyses partly because 

this lead to economies in data analysis planning and partly because the use 

of only primary respondents for all activities simplifies the comparisons 

between activities. The data from the spouses are available for future sleep 

or time-at-home analyses if they are needed. 

3. Weighting ~ sample 

lffiless otherwise noted, the results presented in this report have been 

corrected with two types of sample weights. A "Census weight" is applied to 

account for discrepancies between the 1975 Wave 1 sample characteristics and 

the 1975 Census parameters for age, sex, education and urbanicity. A "Panel 

Loss weight" is applied to the sample to account for the attrition from the 
17 

1519 respondents of the Wave 1 sample to the final number of approximately 

975 panel respondents who had interviews on three or four waves. The weights 

were used inorder to provide the best estimates of population parameters even 

though this somewhat increases the variance of study estimates. A visual 

comparison of the weighted and unweighted results for weekdays and weekends 

did not identify any important discrepancies. 

Time use patterns are always reported separately for weekdays and weekends. 

The weekday and weekend data were not combined since, as the analyses in the 

report show, there are significant differences between weekdays and weekends 

in the morning sleeping period and the daytime aural communication patterns. 

The smaller differences between Friday and other days of the week and between 

Saturday and Sunday were also described in the body of the report. The 

"weekend" interviews are approximately equally divided between Saturday and 

Sunday. The "weekday" data, however, slightly over weight the effect of 

Friday since about one third of the weekday interviews refer to Friday. 

5. Season of Year 

Time use patterns are averaged over all seasons except where the seasonal 

differences are analyzed. The small seasonal differences did not justify 

separate analyses throughout the report. It should be remembered that there 

may be greater differences which could not be studied with this data set 

because no data were collected for the summer months when children are out of 

school. It was noted above that season and day of week are not independent 

in the complete sample of all survey interviews. Since the season of the 
18 

survey appears to have little effect on activity, the combining of data from 

different seasons would not appear to have seriously distorted the weekday 

and weekend results presented in this report. 
19 

APPENDIX B: SURVEY QUESTION AND CODING 
1. (And then) What did 

v 

2. TIME 

BEGAN 

MIDNIGHT 

3. TIME 

ENDED 

DO NOT ASK COLUMNS 5 [, 6 ABOUT SLEEP, 

SEX, OR OTHER PERSONAL CARE ACTIVITIES 

READ UNDERLINED EXAMPLES 

ONLY ONCE, FOR FIRST 

APPROPRIATE ACTIVITY. 

(IF NOT CLEAR) 

4. l!here were vou? 

11. HOME I OTHER: 

12. TRANSIT I 

13. ~lORK I 

11. HOME I 

12. TRANSIT I 

[3. WORK I 

Who was with 

vou? 

I ALONE I 

6. Were you doing anything 

else at the same time . 

(like talking, reading, 

watching TV, listening 

to the radio, eating, or 

caring for children)? 

(MARK COLUMNS 5 [, 6 "INAP" WHEN tl'lT ASKED) 

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21 

Codes for Defining Sleep and Aural Communication 

Respondents who were at home arid reported activities which were included in 

either of the two following codes were classified as sleeping: 

459. Night sleep; longest sleep for day; (may occur during day for night 

shift workers) including "in bed, but not asleep 

469. Naps and resting: rest periods, "dozing," "laying down" (relaxing 

code 981) 

Respondents who were at home and reported any of the following activites 

were classified as engaged in aural communication: 

221. Helping/teaching children learn, fix, make things; helping son bake 

cookies; helping daughter fix bike (homework code 222) 

222. Help with homework or supervising homework 

236. Giving child orders or instructions; asking them to help; telling 

them to behave (receiving instructions, code 976) 

237. Discipling child; yelling at kids, spanking children (being 

disciplined--code 966); correcting children's behavior 

238. Reading to child 

**** NOTE: Codes 239, 249, 259 are adult only codes 

239. Conversations with household children only; listening to children 

249. Indoor playing; other indoor activities with children including games 

("playing" unless obviously outdoor games) 

259. Outdoor playing; outdoor activities with children including sports, 

walks, biking with, other outdoor games 

752. Visiting with others; socializing with people other than R's own HH 

members either at R's home or another home (visiting on the phone, 

code 961); talking/chatting in the context of receiving a visit or 

paying a visit. 
22 

769. Party; reception, weddings 

789. Other events; other events or socializing, don't fit above 

909. Radio 

919. TV 

929. Records, tapes, "listening to music," listening to others playing a 

. musical instrument 

961. Phone conversations--not coded elsewhere, including all visiting by 

phone 

962. Other talking/conversations; face-to-face conversations, not coded 

elsewhere (if children in HH only, code 239); visiting other than 

752 or 963 

963. (ADULT DEFINITION) Conversation with HH trembers only--adults only 

or children and adults; (children only, code 239) 

964. Arguing or fighting with people other than HH members only, 

household and nonhousehold trembers, or NA 

965. Arguing or fighting with HH trembers only 

439. Meals at home; including coffee, drinking, smoking, food from a 

restaurant eaten at home, "breaking," "lunch" [Only included if 

someone else is coded as present in response to subquestion 5. 

300-399 Obtaining goods and services [Only included if someone else is 

coded as present in response to subquestion 5] 
23 

Code for Urbanization 

The definition of urbanization is based on types and boundaries of the 

Standard Metropolitian Statistical Areas as defined by the Bureau of the Census 

in 1974. The use of SMSA's for the definition results in outlying suburbs and 

small communities being grouped with large cities in some instances. The three 

urbanization categories are: 

1. Central Cities with populations of over 100,000 in SMSA's and other 

places with populations of over 100,000 in SMSA's. 

2. Places with populations of 50,000 to 99,999 in SMSA's. 

3. All other places (mainly not SMSA's). 
Mont. 

: 

• 

: N. Oak. \ 

t- S. Oak ~ Mlnn 

· . • 'We 5t North C entral 

A",. I 

I 

• :----, 

: I 

N. Mel<.: I • I, 

· : ~ ~~ 

• .......J 

Okla. 
APPENDIX C: 

DETAILED HOURLY ACTIVITY DATA FOR ALL INTERVIEWS AND FOR 

19 SUBGROUPS FOR WEEKENDS AND WEEKDAYS 

25 
T[::;::rBCWL~~ Tl~E ro H~: ~ H::: I:,~:l :OO:~~T: ~ 1 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

00 'f Of .HE E~ 

HON-THRU 93.7 94.8 95.6 95.8 95.7 93.9 87.4 70.0 53.3 44.8 39.5 38.4 39.0 36.7 36.8 ~0.1 48.5 62.2 68.6 65.5 68.8 76.3 83.4 aa.5 

FRIDAY 91.2 92.8 93.6 94.4 94.6 91.6 81.5 61.8 42.3 34.2 29.1 26.5 29.0 28.7 27.4 30.1 39.9 53.0 60.856.4 59.4 64.9 74.5 80.8 

IInlRVl rn 1f'l'.'E (PRlt'AR'f HUHI!) 

NOVEMBER 94.4 95.3 96.1 96.1 95.9 94.0 86.9 68.5 49.9 41.0 36.8 36.0 36.5 34.2 34.3 38.3 47.1 62.7 69.7 64.2 67.7 76.1 84.4 90.0 

MARCH 90.1 91.2 91.5 92.1 92.5 90.2 81.2 64.2 49.9 41.3 36.4 34.4 36.4 36.6 36.5 38.6 49.5 61.8 66.9 64.9 66.2 72.1 79.1 83.6 

MAY· 92.2 93.3 94.4 94.9 94.7 92.3 84.7 70.8 56.4 47.2 40.4 39.2 40.4 38.0 36.6 37.4 45.2 54.2 61.7 60.3 61.7 68.4 76.7 84.8 

SEPTEMBER 92.9 94.4 95.5 96.2 96.1 93.8 86.9 67.9 49.9 42.6 36.3 34.1 35.5 33.8 33.3 36.5 44.7 57.4 64.2 62.2 66.4 72.2 79.3 84.0 

EXmfT or IJRfWllZArlat . 

100,000+ 94.1 94.9 95.2 95.6 95.7 94.2 87.3 69.0 53.2 43;7 38.1 34.4 32.4 32.4 32.3 36.4 46.3 62.3 68.8 67.3 68.8 75.0 82.3 86.7 

OTH. SHSA 92.5 93.4 93.9 94.3 94.3 93.0 85.5 67.4 46.7 36.3 30.5 29.1 30.7 29.4 29.9 33.7 43.4 55.6 63.2 60.2 63.3 69.1 76.8 83.1 

NCl4-SHSA 93.0 94.3 95.6 95.8 95.7 93.1 85.6 67.8 51.0 ~3.8 38.9 38.3 40.3 37.6 37.0 39.6 47.5 60.6 67.1 62.7 66.7 74.5 82.4 B7.8 

SECT! ClI OF COUHRX 

WEST 93.2 93.9 94.7 95.0 95.1 93.4 86.4 67.2 50.6 41.1 33.6 31.4 32.631.6 31.3 36.0 45.2 59.1 65.5 63.0 67.1 75.9 83.3 88.4 

N CENTRAL 91.7 93.1 94.5 9~.8 94.5 92.1 83.8 67.9 51.1 42.4 37.8 35.6 37.5 34.7 33.6 36.7 47.3 59.5 64.9 58.9 61.9 69.6 78.4 84.3 

t~ EAST 93.0 94.9 95.5 96.0 96.3 94.9 B8.7 72.2 52.8 43.2 36.9 36.0 35.4 32.5 33.5 37.3 47.9 60.5 65.2 62.5 64.3 70.3 7B.3 83.6 

SOUTH 94.7 95.4 95.9 96.2 96.1 93.6 86.2 65.8 ~8.6 ~2.0 38.3 37.8 38.9 38.4 38.3 39.9 45.2 60.5 70.3 68.7 72.4 78.1 84.7 89.7 

SEX or RESPCllDOIT 

MALE 90.3 91.692.7 93.1 93.1 90.0 79.4 55.4 35.6 29.3 26.2 25.5 27.1 24.1 23.2 24.7 34.3 50.5 60.2 58.2 62.0 69.9 7B.2 84.3 

FE}~LE 95.6 96.6 97.2 97.5 97.5 96.2 91.7 79.0 63.8 53.6 46.4 44.3 44.8 44.1 44.5 49.0 57.1 68.2 72.4 67.7 70.4 76.6 83.8 88.6 

AGE or RESfOlOEHT 

18-24 YR 91.4 93.995.2 96.5 96.4 93.7 B6.1 68.0 ~8.1 37.5 30.3 28.8 28.2 26.4 28.4 29.9 37.7 52.359.7 54.856.0 61.8 71.4 79.6 

25-44 YR 92.5 93.7 94.7 94.8 94.8 92.5 83.7 62.5 44.0 36.2 31.7 29.4 30.3 30.0 30.5 33.7 ~2.8 55.9 62.8 57.3 61.9 70.3 79.1 84.9 

45-64 YR 94.2 95.4 96.0 96.5 96.4 94.687.6 67.6 48.6 40.8 35.7 34.737.1 33.2 31.4 35.3 46.5 62.1 70.1 68.4 70.1 76.8 B3.3 88.4 

65-97 YR 94.4 94.4 94.6 94.8 94.7 93.8 92.8 90.2 80.7 71.3 65.2 65.7 63.8 60.9 58.5 63.0 68.5 74.8 78.3 77.5 81.4 85.1 91.0 93.5 

T aT AI, ~-t1i'lE 

93.1 94.395.1 35.5 95.4 93.385.9 67.9 50.6 42.2 36.9 35.5 36.5 34.7 34.5 37.646.4 59.9 66.6 63.266.573.581.2 86.6 
TABLE C-2. ~ OF TIHE IN AURAL COHHUNICATIO~ BY HOUR (~EEKDAYS) 

rOOROUPI~ ______________ ..IlHlll.O!lJS.IR~OIl:..E..LTt1tHF-lr.4:iNL---------------- 1 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 OB 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IB 19 20 21 22 23 

MY or HEE~ 

HOHHRU 5.4 2.1 .9 .4 .6 1.4 7.0 12.1 10.9 10.4 11.0 12.4 15.6 12.B 12.6 14.2 17.9 26.4 35.3 39.B 45.4 45.2 32.1 13.5 

FRIDAY 3.8 1.6 .2 0 .7 2.B 7.2 11.0 7.9 B.O 6.B 7.7 10.9 10.0 9.6 9.6 13.6 24.5 31.7 34.4 39.7 40.1 31.5 15.1 

rrmRvtOl I~.'E (PRII"fIR'f t1IJnH) 

NWEHBER 6.3 2.9 1.0 .3 .4 loB 6.9 11.5 9.9 9.8 9.9 11.4 14.6 10.9 11.3 12.9 17.1 26.836.3 39.3 44.6 44.8 33.7 15.2 

!"ARCH . 3.4 1.5 .7 .3 1.2 1.8 B.l 11.2 9.5 7.7 B.5 10.4 12.6 14.0 13.9 14.3 20.4 28.1 37.5 42.5 45.3 42.5 26.3 9.8 

!"AY 3.6 1.1 1.0 .9 1.1 2.3 5.7 12.0 B.B 10.8 10.3 11.7 14.5 14.1 10.B 10.5 15.0 22.027.7 31.2 36.3 37.1 26.1 12.8 

SEPTEMBER 4.4 1.5 .3 .2 .5 1.6 7.2 12.4 11.0 10.3 10.5 11.2 14.8 12.4 12.1 13.4 15.8 25.1 32.9 37.9 44.B 45.3 33.5 14.2 

EX r [NT or UR Btl !I ZM ((tl ~ 

100,000+ 7.5 3.0 1.1 .5 .5 loB 7.0 12.0 11.3 12.1 11.2 11.1 13.1 11.1 12.B 14.7 IB.6 30.3 3B.2 40.8 46.1 45.4 34.4 16.0 

OTH. S1SA 5.1 1.7 .6 .5 .6 1.5 6.7 11.4 9.B B.5 B.l B.9 12.2 10.5 11.1 13.3 15.7 23.9 32.9 34.2 41.3 43.5 34.1 16.7 

tKN-S1SA 4.0 1.7 .6 .2 .6 loB 7.2 11.9 9.9 9.4 10.2 12.2 lS.B 13.2 11.B 12.3 16.6 25.0 33.5 39.1 44.1 43.5 30.2 12.1 

SECT! 01 or COltHR'f 

WEST 3.9 1.5 .6 .1 .6 1.3 7.4 10.6 10.B 10.0 B.9 9.4 13.1 10.4 10.6 13.2 16.2 25.4 34.5 39.9 45.0 46.B 31.3 10.7 

N CENTRAL 5.5 2.1 .9 .2 .4 1.5 5.7 11.B 10.6 10.3 10.0 11.1 14.5 12.9 11.0 13.3 16.5 25.4 32.4 33.9 3B.9 41.5 29.6 14.1 

N EAST B.O 3.5 .4 .5 .5 1.7 6.0 10.B 9.B B.9 9.0 10.7 13.3 10.3 11.4 13.4 17.2 26.6 34.4 3B.0 44.3 45.B 39.6 19.6 

SOUTH 3.3 1.3 .B .6 .9 2.4 9.1 13.4 9.5 9.7 11.2 13.0 16.0 13.7 14.0 12.4 17.5 26.5 36.6 42.B 4B.7 43.4 30.3 12.5 

SEX OF RESPClID£HT 

!"ALE 3.9 1.6 .B .3 .3 1.2 6.3 9.4 6.7 5.B 5.7 7.1 10.4 7.2 6.6 7.3 12.B 22.9 32.6 3B.0 42.4 43.2 32.5 13.6 

F~LE 5.9 2.4 .6 .3 .B 2.2 7.B 14.0 13.2 13.3 13.B 14.9 IB.O 16.5 16.5 IB.l 20.4 2B.6 36.0 3B.9 45.4 44.6 31.4 14.2 

AGE Of RESeOIOEHT 

IB-24 YR 7.9 4.0 1.2 .9 1.2 2.0 4.1 B.O 9.4 10.4 11.0 13.8 13.6 13.5 12.2 12.4 17.5 2B.l 32.6 3B.l 42.7 43.2 35.4 21.1 

25-44 YR 5.6 2.2 .B .1 .• 5 1.5 7.4 12.0 B.7 7.7 B.B 8.7 11.5 10.7 10.5 12.4 16.0 23.6 31.6 34.7 40.2 40.6 31.6 14.5 

45-64 YR 4.0 loB .6 .4 .5 2.4 9.2 12.4 10.9 10.2 9.0 10.9 15.6 11.6 10.6 12.6 17.1 27.7 35.7 38.1 45.4 48.2 33.8 13.0 

65-97 YR 3.2 .5 .4 .4 .6 1.6 7.5 19.0 17.3 17.1 16.B 20.9 25.7 18.B 20.6 20.0 23.3 33.5 47.2 52.B 52.5 44.9 29.1 B.B 

Tat At. S'tlPL E 

5.0 2.0 .7 .3 .6 1.7 7.1 11.B 10.2 9.B 10.0 11.2 14.4 12.1 11.9 13.0 16.B 25.9 34.4 3B.4 44.0 43.9 32.0 13.9 
F:o::rERCOO OF TIHE ~~~~:: ~ ~B '~~~Sl IlDUB DE IIIE DAr ] 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IB 19 20 . 21 22 23 

MY OF IolEEK 

HON-THRU B5.3 90.5 93.4 94.4 93.2 B5.0 57.5 27.1 13.1 7.6 5.1 3.5 3.9 5.B 6.0 5.3 3.9 3.1 2.B 3.5 5.9 14.9 37.5 66.7 

FRIMY 84.7 B9.2 92.1 93.4 91.4 7B.7 49.7 22.1 10.6 5.9 3.5 2.6 2.B 3.5 2.7 3.2 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.3 3.9 11.3 30.2 58.6 

1H1lRVIEH IW.'E (PRIt~Y tlJflH) 

NOVEMBER 84.B 90.3 93.6 94.6 93.6 83.9 55.3 25.9 11.8 6.6 4.8 3.0 3.4 5.4 5.1 4.8 3.2 3.0 2.6 3.5 6.5 16.1 36.6 66.1 

~RCH 84.0 88.2 90.0 91.2 89.3 BO.3 53.6 24.7 11.5 7.0 3.9 3.7 3.4 4.7 4.3 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.1 4.8 13.6 39.1 66.9 

~Y 86.1 90.4 92.3 93.1 91.7 82.0 55.3 26.0 13.4 9.4 6.6 3.4 5.0 7.6 8.7 6.7 2.8 2.3 2.0 3.4 5.0 12.3 36.0 63.7 

SEPTEMBER 85.7 90.6 93.7 95.0 93.2 B4.4 56.6 26.2 13.5 7.4 4.3 3.4 3.7 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.9 3.0 2.8 3.2 4.4 12.1 33.3 62.4 

EXTENT or lJRIWIlZATJ(}1 

100,000+ 83.3 90.2 92.9 94.3 93.3 83.8 56.6 27.5 15.3 8.3 5.2 3.7 3.7 5.4 4.4 5.0 5.1 3';8 3.3 3.8 5.8 13.1 35.2 61.8 

OTH. SHSA 84.2 89.0 92.2 93.2 92.1 83.8 56.6 26.7 12.2 6.7 3.5 2.1 2.7 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.7 2.9 2.7 3.3 4.7 9.5 27.6 56.4 

NON-SI'lSA 86.390.6 93.4 94.5 92.8 83.2 54.7 24.8 11.5 7.0 4.9 3.5 4.0 5.9 6.0 5.2 3.1 2.5 2.3 3.0 5.5 16.0 39.0 68.9 

SECT! Ctl OF COlJHRY 

!-lEST 85.8 90.6 92.4 94.0 93.3 85.1 57.7 25.6 10.4 5.0 3.8 3.3 3.6 4.3 4.7 4.0 3.5 2.3 1.9 1.8 4.6 14.5 38.5 68.6 

N CENTRAL 82.3 88.1 91.9 93.4 91.5 82.0 57.2 27.8 13.5 8.2 4.6 3.0 3.3 5.0 5.2 4.7 3.8 2.8 3.0 3.6 5.3 11.7 32.8 62.1 

N EAST 82.1 89.0 93.9 95.3 95.2 87.2 63.0 31.4 16.5 9.2 5.2 3.1 2.8 5.0 3.B 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.9 4.5 9.5 26.9 54.6 

SOUTH 89.992.9 94.3 94.4 92.1 81.6 47.3 20.3 10.4 6.4 5.0 3.7 4.6 6.4 6.4 6.3 3.7 3.1 2.4 4.0 6.6 18.9 42.6 71.0 

SEX OF RESf'(JIOOIT 

~LE 83.9 B8.4 90.8 91.9 90.7 79.B 51.0 23.4 13.0 B.O 6.1 4.B 5.0 5.7 5.4 4.8 3.5 3.3 2.B 3.5 6.3 14.1 34.7 63.8 

FEWlLE 86.3 91.8 95.1 96.2 94.6 86.7 59.6 2B.0 12.1 6.5 3.4 1.9 2.4 4.9 5.0 4.8 3.8 2.4 2.4 3.0 4.6 13.9 36.6 65.4 

AGE Of RESP(}ItlElI[ 

IB-24 YR 79.2 B5.5 91.6 94.4 93.7 B6.0 67.0 39.7 21.5 13.5 6.2 3.1 2.6 2.5 3.6 3.6 3.B 3.4 2.3 1.6 2.0 7.3 24.0 51.1 

25-44 YR 83.8 89.8 92.6 93.9 92.6 83.7 51.2 21.1 11.6 7.0 4.6 3.3 2.9 4.0 4.1 3.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 4.4 12.2 31.8 61.2 

45-64 YR 87.6 91.4 94.2 94.9 93.2 81.7 52.0 24.0 10.7 5.8 4.0 2.8 3.0 3.9 4.5 3.8 3.7 2.3 2.3 3.9 6.7 13.6 37.6 67.8 tv 

C:l 

65-97 YR 88.692.1 93.2 93.7 92.9 87.7 67.3 30.5 11.5 5.0 4.5 4.3 8.2 13.7 10.1 9.6 5.6 3.5 2.1 3.3 7.2 23.3 52.2 80.3 

TmAL r#lPLE 

85.2 90.2 93.0 94.2 92.7 83.5 55.5 25.8 12.5 7.2 4.7 3.3 3.7 5.3 5.2 4.B 3.7 2.9 2.6 3.2 5.4 14.0 35.7 64.6 
1:[ C;!, .. PERCINUIf U:M : B! Hrnm (W[m~DSI 

CGRDUP[ = - HOUR if 111, \IffI 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 

MY Of W-EF. 

22 23 

SATURDAY 86.4 88.6 90.4 91.7 91.8 91.0 87.8 82.6 73.6 62.7 55.3 52.7 52.0 49.4 49.1 51.4 56.7 60.3 61.4 61.1 61.4 65.4 71.1 74.S 

S~~Y 84.0 86.589.3 90.6 91.3 91.1 89.7 86.5 80.0 68.9 57.7 53.0 56.2 56.9 55.6 55.2 5e.7 63.3 64.7 66.0 71.377.4 82.786.9 

IlnERVI rn IWr't (PRltWl.1' OOnH) 

NOVEMBER 84.4 88.4 91.6 93.0 93.9 93.8 91.4 88.0 79.7 67.5 60.6 55.1 56.0 55.655.2 58.8 63.7 67.6 69.2 69.5 73.4 78.7 85.990.4 

MARCH 85.4 87.4 90.1 91.6 92.1 91.8 90.4 86.0 78.4 67.9 57.1 54.1 56.5 56.2 54.8 54.4 59.6 63.9 65.9 64.9 67.6 72.0 76.7 79.9 

HAY 85.1 87.3 89.0 89.9 90.2 89.7 86.2 81.7 74.4 63.6 54.8 51.6 51.9 49.6 49.2 51.5 54.8 59.2 59.6 60.5 62.8 68.2 74.1 78.5 

SEPTEMBER 86.0 87.8 89.9 91.7 91.2 90.4 88.2 85.4 76.4 64.5 55.1 49.8 51.4 52.5 51.6 49.4 53.7 56.8 58.1 62.2 65.8 71.4 76.5 80.9 

EXTENT or lJRtWHZAT I(ll 

100,000+ 83.1 86.1 89.0 91.3 91.7 91.9 88.9 84.0 76.1 66.7 5S.6 56.0 55.9 53.2 54.2 55.3 5S.3 61.7 62.S 64.1 67.0 72.3 76.4 79.9 

OTH. SHSA 82.4 85.7 88.3 90.0 90.7 90.6 88.4 84.4 77.1 64.4 56.1 50.7 52.4 54.0 51.9 50.2 55.8 60.2 59.9 61.3 62.6 67.1 73.579.7 

NON-SHSA 87.1 88.8 90.8 91.5 91.7 91.0 88.8 84.8 77.0 66.0 55.8 52.4 54.1 52.9 51.B 53.7 58.2 62.5 64.4 64.2 67.6 72.7 78.4 81.8 

SECT I (II or COltHRX 

WEST 83.886.890.3 91.0 91.9 91.3 88.4 83.4 74.2 63.8 55.8 52.5 51.6 50.0 48.9 49.4 55.7 60.1 63.2 63.866.0 73.2 78.881.9 

N CENTRAL 83.2 86.0 88.2 89.5 89.9 89.5 87.1 83.6 75.1 63.655.2 50.2 52.3 52.4 52.8 54.5 58.2 63.5 64.2 64.4 67.2 71.0 75.380.2 

N EAST 87.0 89.3 92.1 94.2 94.7 94.2 92.1 86.9 79.7 69.8 60.7 57.656.9 54.5 54.1 55.360.3 63.7 63.0 61.9 63.867.4 73.378.0 

SOUTH B7.3 88.7 90.0 91.1 91.0 90.7 88.6 85.0 78.6 67.2 55.7 52.9 56.1 55.5 53.3 53.4 56.B 59.8 61.8 63.6 67.4 73.3 79.7 82.9 

SEX OF RESrolODH 

HALE 82.9 85.4 88.1 89.4 90.0 89.5 86.3 80.5 71.3 60.5 52.4 49.2 50.8 50.S 49.5 50.5 54.4 60.0 60.5 62.1 65.4 69.8 74.8 79.1 

FEMALE 87.1 89.391.392.6 92.8 92.4 90.7 87.9 B1.5 70.3 59.9 55.B 56.9 55.254.8 55.7 60.4 63.3 65.3 64.8 67.2 72.8 78.7 82.4 

AGE Of RESPlllllUIT 

18-24 YR 72.2 76.3 81.0 84.4 86.1 86.4 83.4 79.6 74.4 66.858.6 49.8 42.9 42.340.0 38.6 40.8 48.2 51.8 53.3 51.3 53.9 60.5 69.2 

25-44 YR 81.1 84.387.3 89.2 89.6 89.1 86.9 82.6 74.6 62.1 51.7 48.9 49.1 47.5 48.3 50.2 55.3 60.0 59.0 59.0 63.6 69.0 74.6 79.0 

45-64 YR 91.9 93.0 93.6 93.8 93.7 93.4 90.7 85.6 76.4 64.7 55.3 52.6 57.0 56.4 55.0 56.5 61.9 63.8 67.9 67.6 69.3 75.5 81.7 84.8 

65-97 YR 95.3 96.0 97.2 97.2 96.9 96.4 95.8 94.1 88.1 77.7 69.5 66.4 73.0 73.5 68.6 68.571.7 76.4 76.0 76.7 80.9 85.9 88.9 89.5 

TOTAL ~1I'LE 

85.2 87.589.9 91.1 91.5 91.1 88.7 84.6 76.8 65.8 56.5 52.8 54.1 53.2 52.4 53.357.7 61.8 63.1 63.666.4 71.4 76.9 80.9 
TABLE C-S. lI, OF TIME IN AURAL C(U1UHCATlUI BY HOUR (IIEEKEHOS) 

\ SUBGROUP I.-______ -------t~IOl.mUR.J,I01...~ .u.IIlL: .u:ll1u..Y --------------11 

00 01 02 03 04 OS 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

~Y Of HEEr. 

1 SATURDAY 6.7 4.2 1.8 .8 .5 1.3 3.5 9.2 12.514.5 14.4 14.7 17.6 17.5 18.6 20.6 23.9 25.9 32.3 37.5 40.9 39.9 29.8 15.7 

SIJlOAY 7.4 3.9 1.7 .9 .6 1.1 2.9 7.713.8 17.S 17.2 17.9 21.7 23.S 23.6 24.5 26.9 30.5 37.0 43.747.1 43.8 27.4 11.7 

IfHERVtEH IW.'E (PRltW\f tlUllIl) 

NWEH8ER 7.4 3.6 .8 .4 

!-'ARCil 6.5 4.1 2.4 .9 

t\W 6.7 3.9 1.7 .9 

SEPTEl18ER 9.4 4.5 .9 .6 

EX TEJ {f OF URSti 11 ZA rt (II 

100,000+ 8.B 4.6 2.7 1.8 

um. Sl1SA 9.1 5.6 2.2 .9 

HllHl1SA 5.6 3.2 1.3 .4 

SECTIltl or CUUHRY 

!-lEST 4.7 3.1 1.7 .9 

N COURAL 9.9 5.0 2.2 1.1 

N EAST 6.9 4.5 1.6 .5 

soum 5.5 3.3 1.4 .6 

SEX OF RESPlt l[)tJl[ 

IYlLE 6.7 3.4 1.4 .B 

FElf1LE 7.4 4.5 2.1 .8 

AGE OF RESPqlUUI[ 

18-24 YR 8.5 4.9 2.8 1.1 

25-44 YR 8.7 4.B 2.3 1.2 

4S-64 YR 6.7 4.1 1.5 .6 

65-97 YR 1.7 .B 0 0 

I01Al SlflPlE 

7.0 4.0 1.B .B 

.6 1.2 4.2 7.3 13.1 17.8 17.3 17.7 21.6 23.3 24.7 26.B 2B.9 32.341.0 44.4 47.3 42.3 34.0 14.4 

.5 1.2 3.7 10.7 14.5 16.5 15.0 16.0 20.7 21.5 21.4 21.7 27.2 30.5 35.6 42.1 44.9 42.5 27.3 13.6 

.5 1.1 2.6 7.0 12.4 15.3 15.7 16.4 17.6 17.8 19.4 22.5 22.B 25.7 32.3 3B.2 42.4 41.B 29.3 13.7 

.8 1.5 2.4 7.4 11.6 14.6 16.8 15.2 20.5 23.2 21.4 20.4 23.7 24.4 31.7 39.4 42.7 39.3 24.3 12.9 

1.3 2.0 4.3 7.3 11.2 17.0 17.0 16.6 21.1 23.4 23.4 25.5 27.2 28.3 35.0 40.3 43.7 43.3 2B.7 15.3 

.4 1.1 2.1 6.5 12.8 14.B 15.0 1S.0 19.4 20.9 19.4 2U.6 22.7 26.9 32.9 39.8 44.3 43.8 33.2 ~6.3 

.3 .9 3.2 9.6 14.1 16.0 15.6 16.7 19.2 19.3 20.B 22.1 25.7 28.7 35.1 41.0 44.1 40.5 26.B 12.0 

.5 1.3 3.4 9.4 13.7 17.617.6 19.0 20.1 19.6 19.6 20.0 23.2 29.9 35.644.4 46.5 44.8 25.6 9.9 

.4 1.1 2.0 7.5 12.0 14.2 14.6 14.2 19.0 19.4 20.7 21.9 24.827.4 35.1 41.3 45.B 43.2 32.1 17.8 

.6 .B 3.3 6.9 12.5 15.9 16.1 16.1 19.9 21.3 21.9 25.0 29.0 30.3 32.8 35.5 39.2 39.2 32.2 14.5 

.6 1.6 4.3 9.B 14.6 17.0 lS.B 16.9 19.B 21.9 22.0 23.5 25.2 26.8 34.6 40.5 43.5 40.0 24.4 11.0 

.3 .7 2.7 8.2 12.2 14.3 14.9 16.4 21.4 21.1 21.9 23.4 26.2 29.B 3S.4 41.0 4S.0 42.5 28.4 13.2 

.7 1.6 3.6 8.6 14.0 17.4 16.5 16.2 IB.l 20.1 20.4 21.B 24.7 26.9 34.0 40.3 43.2 41.3 28.7 14.1 

.2 .7 1.6 3.4 7.7 13.2 19.2 18.8 IB.8 20.3 16.9 17.2 19.7 23.B 28.7 3S.1 34.5 34.B 26.6 17.0 

1.0 1.6 3.2 B.B 13.2 16.9 15.S IG.4 19.0 19.4 20.5 21.6 24.S 27.9 32.1 37.8 41.S 41.2 30.6 15.2 

.3 1.1 3.B 9.B lS.2 16.6 14.5 14.7 20.S 22.8 22.7 2~.1 27.2 29.6 37.4 42.4 46.1 4S.0 29.2 12.8 

.2 1.0 5.0 13.1 IB.B 19.1 17.7 1B.6 26.4 23.9 26.1 29.S 31.7 35.6 47.6 52.6 54.545.1 24.4 8.1 

.5 1.2 3.2 B.4 13.2 16.0 IS.B 16.3 19.6 20.5 21.1 22.6 25.4 2B.2 3~.6 40.6 44.0 41.B 2B.6 13.7 

w 

0 
Tf::G:::fEBLEIlI OE lit[ fI EEtli1l Bf iOlli !~[E~[!n!5l IIQ~IB ur TIlE ['(Ii 

1 (10 01 (12 03 Oq 05 Of. 07 OB 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 If. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

MY or hU" 

1 SATURDAY 76.8 82.1 87.5 90.0 ~0.2 86.4 74.5 52.3 27.7 11.~ 7 •. ~ 4.1\ 3.7 6.1 6.i 6.6 6.1 5.0 3.4 3.5 5.3 11.9 29.8 51.7 

Slt~[lAY 73.6 BO.6 86.3 8B.B B~.6 B7.1 78.6 57.4 32.2 1~.9 7.5 4.~ 4.2 6.7 8.:1 7.6 6.2 4.7 3.B 4.3 6.9 17.6 42.0 f.7.9 

IlHE.RVl[}lIW:E {fRltVlRt HUOH) 

N(J)81BER 73.4 82.8 83.8 91.9 91.9 8B.7 7~.0 60.2 31.6 14.2 8.6 5.0 2.B 5.3 6.5 7.7 E.4 5.6 .3.8 4.5 9.1 21.0 40.5 66.5 

IflRCH 76.3 8~.B 86.6 89.9 90.B 88.1 78.2 54.2 31.6 17.1 9.(1 ~ .. 6 4.2 6.4 7.S 6.8 6.0 4.6 3.4 4.3 6.9 14.B 36.6 59.1 

I flY 75.6 81.q 86.2 BB.O 88.381.7 73.4 53.4 27.8 12.2 ~.2 2.9 3.5 6.0 6.5 fi.l 6.1 11.8 3.'l 2.9 4.1 12.2 33.3 57.8 

SEPT8ffiER 72.2 81.2 B6.B 89.6 89.7 86.5 78.4 56.0 23.4 15.2 8.1 Go6 fi.3 8.9 11.8 10.5 6 'i .t. 5.1 4.6 5.2 6.8 15.7 36.8 61.2 

EXTEHT OF URmllZtlTl (II 

100,00O~ 70.4 78.3 84.7 88.1 89.0 86.2 75.6 57.~ 35.8 18.1 10.6 7.9 5.2 6.7 9.Q 7.5 6.8 6.2 4.8 4.9 7.2 13.5 33.4 56.1 

01H. ~lSA 70.2 78.584.7 B7.6 83.4 86.873.1 fO.5 3~.1 15.7 6.9 4.1 2.8 4. f· 5.8 ~1.9 4.B 3.1 2.1 2.4 3.3 9.5 27.5 51.0 

Nctl-stlSA 78.9 83.6 88.6 90.6 90.4 86.9 75.9 51.7 26.5 12.9 6.'1 3.5 3.9 6.3 7.0 7.4 6.4 4.9 3.7 4.1 6.8 17.3 40.1 63.6 

SECT! (II OF COllHRY 

l1ES1 76.1 81.586.989.0 90.0 86.7 76.? 51.6 27.f. 1].4 5.6 3.9 3.8 7.0 8.0 7.f. 6.6 4.1 2.] 1.6 5.3 15.5 42.0 64.9 

N CENTRAL 70.3 79.2 85.0 81.4 88.~ 85.4 77.2 54.7 30.9 16.3 7.0 4.9 .3.5 5.2 7.'1 7.3 6.3 5.2 3.3 3.3 1.9 12.5 31.0 56.2 

II EAST 76.4 82.0 89.3 92.9 93.2 91.0 BO.8 62.0 36.8 17.6 8.(1 3.7 < ~ 

- • I 4.6 4.7 ~"] < -: -" 4.0 3.7 5.1 7.5 12.7 29.! 53.6 

SOUIH 79.2 83.3 87.5 89.7 89.2 85.5 72.B 50.7 26.0 13.1 8.8 ~.5 ,t 7 8.5 9.5 7.8 7.2 5.6 ~.3 5.4 7.1 18.2 41.6 61.6 

SEX OF RESPOIDElIT 

IfllE 74.2 80.6 86.0 87.7 88.6 85.2 73.4 53.1 29.7 15.6 9.1 5.P. ~.8 7.5 7.:' 7.2 6.1 5.2 4.0 4.8 7.0 16.0 36.9 59.3 

FEPtIlE 75.9 82.0 87.7 90.8 90.9 88.0 79.1 56.1 30.1 13.9 6.1 3.6 3.3 5.5 7.9 7.0 6.1 4.5 3.2 3.1 5.3 13.7 35.1 60.3 

AGE OF RESPOIOUIT 

18-24 YR 60.7 68.8 77.5 82.6 85.3 83.8 78.f. 67.8 50.7 22.7 14.9 7.0 4.f. 4.8 5.] 5.8 : •• 4 5.5 4.7 3.6 3.1 8.1 22.7 43.5 

25-44 YR 63.1 77.2 83.7 86.5 87.4 81.8 76.4 57.0 31.5 14.0 6.2 ;l.l 2.4 3.8 5.4 6.0 5.i 4.5 3.1 3.2 5.1 11.2 31.0 55.6 

45-64 YR 82.6 86.7 90.9 92.6 92.1 88.3 74.9 50.1 24.8 ]0.0 -I.E- 3. :. 3.8 f..(1 8.3 7.1 6.1 4.6 3.9 4.3 7.3 16.3 39.7 64.9 

65-97 YR 91.991.0 96.596.7 96.0 92.~ 78.3 41.5 18.4 9.1 9.0 7.5 8.6 tS.6 14.3 11.8 8.3 5.6 3.9 5.0 9.8 27.251.1 78.1 w 

I-' 

TOlAl ~IPLE 

75.281.3 86.9 83.4 83.9 86.7 76.5 51.3 29.9 14.6 7.1 4.6 4.0 6.4 7.6 7.1 6.1 4.9 3.6 3.9 6.1 14.8 35.9 59.9 
T1:IL,E8GCR-07Up' IPERCEllI AI lilliE SII" !lIIR IN" HIII!R I wEEKI"" Sj 

.~: ~ _____________________ • ________ -lliHI~!lIR~l!F~IH~E~(~RiL-------------------------------~I 

?? 

00 01 02 03 0'1 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

MY or HEn. 

mlHHRlI 94.195.295.896.095.995.192.080.4 59.5 4~.2 43.2 43.7 16.0 41.2 42.0 47.858.072.776.772.273.180.786.590.9 

FRIDAY 92.3 9 

IfHERVlf.l.lIJ'NE (rRIfYlRi tlUIIII) 

NWHIBER 94.995.8 %.1 96.396.1 95.7 92.0 79.356.8 15.1 10.2 11.1 11.1 2.8.9 33.f. 46.3 57.5 73.5 79.1 70.971.880.887.592.0 

WlRCH 9U.2 91.4 91.7 92.2 32.8 91.6 8l.0 14.0 56.3 16.2 41.7. 38.3 11..1 :,9.7 11.4 46.2 57.2 71.5 73.6 70. 

IYlY 92.4 94.294.695.0 95.0 91.383.379.9 f.1.8 ~12.1 41.6 ~1.3 16.0 43.6 41.8 42.7 53.364.1 70.1 67.7 66.0 72.5 BO.5 88.8 

SEPTElIBER 9:1.7 94.7 95.9 96.3 96.3 95.0 91.9 78.856.2 47.0 39.6 38.8 12.2 38.6 38.6 4.3.8 5~.5 6B.8 72.6 70.2 71.676.2 82.6 86.5 

EX IEJ If or UREW UZM l(J I 

100,000+ 94.7 95.1 95.5 96.0 96.1 9.3 76.6 73.4 72.8 73.0 85.1 88.9 

UTII. SlISA 92.9 93.6 94.2 9'1.5 9'1.~ 94.6 91.7 76.555.110.4 33.9 33.1 %.1 33.0 3'i.4 4~.2 ~~.7 68.0 74.1 70.568.973.281.386.4 

l~ttHtl~ 93.594.995.796.095.994.590.478.6 56.S '18.442.443.447.642.842.346.757.2 71.0 7~,.l 69.070.979.085.390.1 

SECT! (11 or COlJnRY 

WEST 93.894.3 94.8 95.2 95.6 91.8 91.5 78.2 57.1 16.6 36.S 36.6 11 . .3 31.2 36.9 42.7 54.9 69.5 73.569.8 71.3 79.9 86.4 90.3 

I~ CUITRAl 

N EAST 93.5 95.~ 96.0 %.2 %.4 %.0 92.7 81.360.4 47.4 40.7 40.5 42.8 36.4 38.2 45.~ 57.6 71.3 75.0 70.1 69.1 75.1 81.1 86.9 

SOUIII 95.0 95.7 95.9 96.5 96.2 95.3 91.7 78.5 51. 

SEX OF RESPlllD8IT 

IVllE 90.992.393.193.593.492.386.769.241.733.028.729.8 33.6 27.7 27.2 30.7 44.062.769.964.966.774.£. 82.0 87.~ 

mmE 96.0 96.8 97.3 97.6 97.6 97.1 94.986.870.658.951.1 49.552.0 49.7 

AGE or RESP(1IOUlf 

18-24 YR 92.~ 91.395.8 96.6 96.6 95.6 91.2 79.7 54.6 11.0 34.3 32.6 35.S 30.4 32.5 39.4 49.4 61.1 71.2 64.2 61.2 66.9 75.2 83.7 

25-44 YR 93.2 94.4 94.8 95.0 95.1 94.1 83.8 74.6 5n.7 40.Q 3Q.8 33.7 36.5 31.1 36.0 42.0 52.8 68.0 72.1 65.0 66.9 75.2 82.9 87.7 

~5-64 YR 94.695.6 96.2 96.8 96.5 95.8 92.9 79.3 55.0 46.0 33.4 40.1 44.0 ~8.4 37.2 41.7 56.3 72.9 77.4 7S.4 74.3 80.~ 86.4 90.9 

65-97 YR 94.4 94.4 91.8 94.8 94.8 94.3 93.4 92.4 86.2 76.2 70.3 71.9 72.6 66.2 63.1 68.9 74.2 80.7 82.8 81.8 83. 

TOTAl ~lPlE 

93.6 9~.7 95.3 95.7 95.6 94.8 91.1 78.5 57.0 46.7 40.6 40.2 43.4 33.4 39.7 45.1 56.0 70.7 75.2 70.370.9 77.7 84.5 89.1 

W 

N 
TABLE C-8. r. AURALLY ClHlltnCATE SOlE DURltlG IIUUR (l1E.E.Kl'1'YIS) 

rBGRl~Il-_______________ -'llI.!:lO!L.\1lIR...JU.!Lr-'llll~;...u:lflLLi-----------------t1 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

MY or \-lEE" 
F~~ruw ~~I~ s~ mmlw ~ !~EE!~SI HIIII! DE~: ""j 

1 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 OB 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IB 19 20 21 22 23 

MY Of WEE~ 

H(tHHRU 87.0 92.0 94.2 94.9 94.3 89.4 67.8 34.1 15.9 9.3 6.2 4.3 5.7 7.7 8.3 7.2 5.9 4.7 4.2 4.9 7.8 19.3 46.1 74.9 

FRIDAY 86.3 90.6 92.9 94.2 92.9 B4.B 59.9 27.7 12.7 6.7 4.3 3.1 3.5 4.5 3.9 4.9 3.9 3.1 3.4 3.5 5.0 14.6 37.7 65.6 

ItfTERVlrn IrNE (PRHWlX mom 

NOVEMBER 87.1 92.3 94.4 95.5 94.6 8B.7 65.8 32.5 14.8 8.2 5.7 3.7 5.2 7.4 7.4 6.7 5.0 4.1 4.2 5.0 8.4 20.4 44.9 73.9 ~~RCH 85.3 89.1 90.7 91.4 90.9 84.8 63.7 31.9 13.2 7.B 4.6 4.2 4.5 5.B 6.5 4.6 4.3 3.2 3.6 2.9 6.1 17.547.0 74.2 

WlY 86.7 91.4 92.9 93.5 92.8 88.2 63.7 32.0 15.3 11.1 8.2 5.1 6.5 8.8 10.6 8.5 4.1 3.9 3.7 4.8 6.6 16.3 45.0 72.0 

SEPTEMBER 87.0 91.9 94.7 95.4 94.5 89.0 67.2 32.8 16.0 B.7 5.4 4.1 5.1 6.2 6.3 6.6 6.5 5.0 4.1 4.6 5.9 16.2 41.6 70.5 

EXTENT OF UIUWlIZAfI(}1 

100,000+ B5.0 92.5 93.9 95.1 94.1 88.5 67.0 34.6 19.1 10.1 6.1 4.3 5.1 7.2 7.3 7.2 6.1 5.6 4.4 5.8 6.6 17.2 42.8 70.8 

OTH. SHSA 85.9 90.2 92.8 93.5 93.1 89.0 67.2 32.6 14.9 B.l 4.0 2.4 3.B 4.2 4.7 4.8 5.7 4.0 4.3 4.3 5.9 12.4 36.1 65.3 

NON-SHSA 87.9 91.9 94.3 95.0 94.2 87.9 64.9 31.6 13.6 8.2 6.2 4.5 5.7 7.8 8.1 7.1 5.0 3.9 3.8 4.2 7.7 20.7 47.4 76.0 

SECTIOI OF COUHRY 

WEST 87.691.4 93.1 94.8 94.2 88.9 67.B 32.3 13.0 6.1 4.4 4.2 4.5 6.3 6.1 5.B 5.5 3.4 3.6 2.7 5.9 IB.l 46.8 76.1 

H CENTRAL 84.1 89.8 92.8 93.7 93.0 87.3 66.6 35.5 16.3 9.9 5.9 3.6 4.7 6.4 6.9 6.7 5.9 4.5 4.6 4.9 7.0 16.0 42.7 69.6 

N EAST B4.0 92.3 95.2 95.5 96.0 91.4 73.7 3B.6 18.9 11.5 6.2 3.1 4.5 6.6 5.1 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 5.B 13.7 32.B 66.3 

SOUTH 91.1 93.5 94.8 95.3 93.5 86.9 58.5 25.4 12.9 7.2 6.0 5.0 6.6 8.2 9.6 8.1 5.5 4.7 3.5 5.9 8.7 23.3 50.5 77.3 

SEX OF RESrolOOIT 

WILE 85.4 B9.6 91.7 92.3 92.0 85.2 61.2 2B.9 15.1 9.4 7.0 5.7 6.6 7.0 7.1 6.0 4.8 4.B 4.1 4.9 B.l 17.9 42.9 72.0 

F~LE 88.0 93.595.8 96.9 95.6 91.0 69.9 35.7 15.1 8.0 4.6 2.5 3.9 6.9 7.3 7.1 5.9 3.9 4.0 4.3 6.1 18.4 45.0 73.0 

AGE OF RESPClIOUIT 

18-24 YR B1.B 8B.7 93.4 95.1 94.3 90.3 75.4 45.9 26.5 15.4 7.2 3.7 4.5 3.1 5.4 5.4 5.8 5.2 3.5 2.1 2.7 10.0 30.9 58.4 

25-44 YR 85.4 91.4 93.4 94.6 93.8 88.7 62.7 27.513.4 8.3 5.4 3.8 3.8 4.9 5.3 5.0 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.0 5.8 15.9 39.7 70.1 

45-64 YR 88.9 92.7 94.8 95.4 94.7 87.5 63.4 29.3 13.3 7.0 5.0 3.5 4.4 5.6 6.5 5.6 5.2 3.6 3.5 5.6 B.7 18.1 46.8 75.5 

65-97 YR 90.1 92.6 93.7 93.9 93.3 89.9 74.4 40.5 14.1 6.6 6.0 6.2 12.0 18.3 14.6 12.2 8.9 4.7 3.2 5.2 8.9 29.4 61.5 86.4 w 

~ 

TOlet fIt1PLE 

86.8 91.7 93.9 94.7 93.9 88.3 65.8 32.5 15.1 B.6 5.7 4.0 5.2 6.9 7.2 6.6 5.4 4.3 4.0 4.6 7.1 18.1 44.0 72.5 
rlE C -)0. PERCrnr AT II01E S!IIE DURINli IIlJUR CHEEliEN"S> l WBGR01 ____ ~_-~-----1lllJ,liQUWlR~VlLl[..lJ!lIHE~[u:IALLj----------------tJ 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

MY Of ~H. 

SAll~[IAY B7.4 B9.4 91.2 91.9 92.3 91.7 90.0 B6.0 7B.~ 67.8 61.8 ~B.B 59.5 51.8 51.6 57.B 63.8 67.6 6B.9 66.2 65.0 68.973.777.9 

Sl~DAY 84.9 87.4 90.2 91.0 91.4 91.7 90.4 89.0 84.1 77.0 ~1.9 59.3 65.4 63.2 60.7 60.3 65.0 69.1 70.6 71.0 75.1 81.485.589.3 

ImERVIEJ.I IW.'E (PRItYIRf oonll) 

140VEHBER B5.5 90.0 92.4 93.1 94.3 94.B 92.7 B9.4 B4.6 75.2 68.7 61.2 64.7 61.359.7 63.2 70.9 73.7 75.4 74.0 76.2 B2.9 B8.6 93.2 

MARCil 86.2 88.4 91.1 92.1 92.4 92.1 91.4 89.3 Bl.6 73.9 63.2 59.4 65.3 61.4 60.3 59.B 66.? 70.5 72.6 69.3 71.0 74.B 79.2 83.0 

If\Y B5.B 87.9 89.5 90.0 90.5 90.4 BB.4 B4.5 79.2 70.9 62.(1 ~·~.4 ~9.6 :·6.0 51.7 57.B 61.4 f,6.0 66.1 66.567.0 72.4 77.0 BO.B 

SEPr01BER 87.6 S8.5 90.9 91.7 91.7 91.3 89.6 89.3 83.0 69.9 62.2 57.4 60.1 5B.2 56.2 55.8 60.4 62.9 65.6 67.0 69.8 76.5 79.1 81.2 

EXTBH or URLWHZ/HI(JI 

100,000+ B4.3 B7.4 90.5 91.B 91.9 92.5 90.B B6.S 80.5 72.S 64.4 61.7 62.B 58.3 59.1 60.1 f,5.0 6B.5 69.0 6B.B 70.1 75.7 79.B B3.B 

orll. 91SA 83.6 86.7 88.9 90.2 91.1 90.9 89.7 87.2 82.2 70.B 65.8 57.0 61.3 60.8 5~.9 57.1 62.6 65.2 68.6 66.9 65.2 71.2 77.3 82.6 

14~4-~ISA B7.B B9.5 91.4 91.7 92.1 91.B 90.1 B8.0 Bl.2 73.0 62.0 58.8 62.B 58.7 57.4 59.4 64.B f,9.5 70.4 69.2 71.9 76.5 80.5 B4.0 

SECT I (II OF COlJURY 

11EST 84.8 88.2 91.2 91.2 92.2 91.9 89.9 85.4 78.7 70.1 62.0 58.2 59.0 55.0 53.7 55.963.0 61.0 70.4 69.3 69.2 76.4 82.2 84.6 

N CENTRAL 84.4 87.0 89.2 89.7 90.290.1 BB.9 86.7 BO.O 70.562.0 57.2 61.8 58.9 58.5 60.5 65.3 69.5 70.6 69.3 71.5 75.1 7B.2 83.2 

N EAST 87.8 90.3 93.0 94.5 94.9 94.9 93.2 90.6 81.7 75.6 69.1 63.7 63.9 61.2 59.0 60.~ 66.5 70.7 69.5 68.0 66.7 71.5 75.6 81.6 

SOUlH 87.9 B9.0 90.591.591.5 91.5 89.9 B7.8 82.3 74.3 62.1 58.7 ~~.7 60.6 58.5 58.5 63.0 66.568.3 67.7 71.376.982.1 84.8 

SEX OF RESP(JIDEUT 

HALE 83.9 86.6 88.8 89.7 90.5 90.6 88.3 84.2 75.966.9 53.6 51.9 59.0 56.0 54.1 56.n 61.1 66.3 66.9 6~.6 69.1 73.1 77.6 82.5 

m~LE 87.990.092.292.892.992.7 91.890.385.777.1 f·6.5 62.5 65.4 61.560.6 61.667.1 70.0 72.1 70.370.977.0 B1.4 84.6 

AGE OF RESP(lIt}UIT 

18-24 YR 73.5 77.4 83.4 84.B 86.4 87.1 85.0 82.0 77.B 70.2 65.5 55.4 49.1 47.2 46.3 45.3 48.9 56.0 58.9 58.9 53.7 58.6 65.0 73.6 

25-44 YR 82.585.5 8B.5 89.6 90.1 B9.9 88.5 B5.1 79.2 69.0 58.6 55.7 57.6 54.5 53.9 56.6 62.1 67.1 65.7 64.5 68.3 73.3 77.2 82.1 

45-64 YR 92.2 93.5 93.6 93.9 93.9 93.6 92.4 89.8 81.2 71.B 62.5 53.3 65.8 62.2 59.5 61.7 67.9 70.0 74.9 72.5 72.7 79.5 84.1 87.1 

65-97 YR 95.996.4 97.2 97.2 97.1 96.7 96.396.393.1 86.3 76.~ 71.1 82.3 76.9 73.9 73.1 78.380.9 81.2 79.6 83.B B7.3 90.7 90.5 

TOl Al SfflI'LE 

86.1 88.4 90.7 91.4 91.8 91.7 90.2 87.5 81.3 72.5 63.1 59.0 62.5 53.0 57.7 53.0 61.4 69.4 69.7 68.6 70.1 75.2 79.6 83.7 
TABLE C-l1. ~ AliRALLY CUllLtlJ(A1E SCCIE llllRltlG lI(1llR (lIEEKUllIS) I SUBGRIlIJPIl-_______________ f!.!l:ll~llIR~Or_Il..!.Il!!:..E~llA~Y!.._ __________ ----2-2-2~J 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 03 10 11 12 13 11 15 16 17 18 13 20 21 

MY or WEE!!. 

. SATlIRllAY 8.1 5.7 2.4 1.2 .8 2.6 7.2 16.2 20.821.3 20.4 21.3 26.4 23.322.9 27.2 31.9 36.6 43.9 46.548.548.537.321.4 

SUNDAY 8.5 5.1 2.4 1.2 .8 1.7 4.6 12.5 22.727.5 24.8 24.3 31.0 31.6 30.0 30.9 31.S ~0.9 46.7 53.2 55.6 51.9 37.S 17.9 

ItHERVIEJ.I I~.'E (PRIt'fiRT HUIIII) 

NWEliBER 8.5 5.3 1.1 .6 .6 2.2 6.8 11.3 no 26.9 25.6 24.5 30.8 31.9 30.8 3-'"3 36.2 ~4.9 54.0 57.754.250.244.921.8 

~RCH 7.6 5.2 3.1 1.4 .3 1.7 6.3 17.S 22.0 21.0 22.t 22.5 :30.3 2R.O 26.828.2 3'1.8 ~0.9 46.2 50.652.550.231.919.1 

HAY 8.0 5.1 2.5 1.3 .7 2.5 5.4 12.4 21.224.2 21.6 22.8 25.9 24.5 24.2 28.6 31.2 35.B 42.2 47.0 50.7 50.2 38.7 19.4 

SEPTEMBER 11.4 7.3 1.5 1.0 1.1 2.5 5.3 14.2 21.523.5 24.1 21.9 30.0 30.227.627.1 31.1 31.6 ~2.2 47.5 52.9 50.2 32.2 19.7 

EXTENT or URBttHZAfiClI 

100,000+ 10.4 6.1 3.2 2.5 1.9 3.2 6.6 11.6 18.525.1 23.2 ?~.4 28.8 30.2 ?8.5 31.5 35.3 33.1 43.8 49.0 51.350.4 38.322.2 

OTIl. SHSA 10.R 7.5 3.0 1.2 .4 2.2 4.4 12.5 21.824.6 23.3 1.0.9 29.3 2A.8 25.3 21.~ 29.9 36.4 45.1 50.5 50.8 54.2 13.2 24.0 

11CtHHSA 6.6 4.3 1.9 .7 .5 1.8 6.2 16.2 23.1 24.1 22.2 22.9 28.5 25.9 25.9 28.7 33.6 33.5 45.9 50.0 52.9 4S.6 34.8 17.0 

SECTJ(JI or cotJHRY 

HEsr 5.B 3.8 2.3 1.0 

H CEtnPAL 11.4 6.9 3.2 1.7 

N EAST 8.0 6.1 2.2 .7 

sOllm 6.8 4 . 3 1. 7 1.1 

SEX OF RESPCllOOH 

.7 2.1 6.3 16.0 21.1 27.0 25.1 l1.2 29.1 25.3 ~1.5 23.~ 30.3 ~O.8 17.5 52.9 55.7 52.6 34.0 15.1 

.7 2.3 4.~ 13.7 20.~ 22.3 21.6 20.8 28.~ 26.4 26.6 ?8.7 31.5 37.0 45.951.1 53.4 52.1 41.5 23.S 

.9 1.6 5.7 12.2 21.6 25.6 23.5 24.2 2B.l 28.6 27.5 31.9 ~o.o 11.8 43.1 15.8 ~5.7 47.4 10.2 23.1 

1.1 2.4 7.5 15.~ 23.9 24.2 21.2 23.4 29.0 23.0 27.1 30.0 32.7 37.5 ~4.2 49.0 52.2 48.2 33.2 15.S 

I~)LE 7.9 4.8 1.9 1.1 .5 1.6 5.7 14.3 19.6 21.8 20.8 22.0 30.3 27.9 26.8 29.0 33.9 QO.3 44.0 49.5 52.2 49.5 36.7 19.0 

rEt~LE 8.6 5.9 2.8 1.3 1.1 2.7 6.1 14.4 23.6 26.6 24.2 23.5 27.4 27.2 26.1 29.0 32.7 37.5 45.7 50.2 52.0 50.8 37.9 20.2 . AGE or RESPlJ iDE1IT 

18-24 YR 10.7 6.1 3.6 2.3 

25-44 YR 9.8 6.4 3.2 1.5 

45-64 YR 8.2 5.6 2.1 .9 

65-97 YR 2.1 1.2 0 0 

TOlAl ~LE 

.4 1.6 3.4 6.7 14.5 22.0 2B.1 25.5 23.7 25.4 23.1 24.~ 27.4 31.3 38.1 4~.9 41.0 43.1 35.7 22.5 

1.5 2.4 5.3 14.3 21.6 26.0 23.2 23.2 28.3 27.1 26.5 29.0 31.9 38.5 42.6 46.4 50.850.3 39.7 21.9 

.5 2.8 7.3 17.7 25.5 25.1 20.1 21.2 31.1 20.2 27.7 29.3 36.1 39.7 48.3 53.2 54.7 53.6 38.9 18.6 

.4 1.8 9.9 21.3 29.4 27.6 23.7 25.2 38.5 30.S 29.9 35.5 40.7 ~8.B 58.2 59.6 60.551.0 30.913.4 

8.3 5.4 2.4 1.2 .8 2.2 5.9 14.4 21.8 24.4 22.6 22.S 20.7 27.526.5 29.0 33.2 38.8 45.3 49.9 52.1 50.2 37.4 19.6 
TABLE C-12. PER(;EJ1f SLEEP III 

SUBGROUP~ _____________ --1IllillL.1lLWLW ___ -------------; 

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 OB 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 

MY Of HEU 

SATURDAY 78.5 83.8 88.9 90.6 91.1 89.5 79.0 58.7 32.7 17.4 B.3 5.5 5.3 7.7 8.5 9.2 8.0 6.9 4.8 4.7 6.3 15.2 36.3 58.4 

SlNI)AY 75.1 82.8 B7.8 89.590.1 B8.6 Bl.5 63.6 37.6 18.8 9.2 5.B 6.0 B.9 11.3 9.B 8.7 6.5 4.7 5.3 9.1 22.1 51.3 75.3 

IlHERVIfJ.l IW.,'E (rRIIYlRf tlUlllI) 

NWEl18ER 75.4 85.7 91.1 92.0 92.6 90.6 82.1 66.1 38.2 IB.3 9.5 6.1 3.9 ., ') , .L 8.5 9.5 9.9 7.4 5.3 5.9 11.5 26.0 49.1 73.B 

~RCH 77.3 B2.5 BB.2 90.9 91.4 B9.4 Bl.6 ~0.9 36.3 20.3 10.B 6.B 6.0 8.3 10.0 B.B 7.9 6.1 4.5 5.3 B.2 IB.4 43.9 66.1 I~Y 77.0 B3.2 87.2 88.5 89.1 87.1 77.7 58.9 32.7 15.4 6.3 3.7 5.4 7.9 9.1 8.8 8.5 7.1 4.4 3.8 5.7 16.2 41.4 61.7 

SEPWIBER 75.7 83.5 B9.0 90.2 90.4 BB.1 B1.6 63.3 35.6 19.7 9.3 B.O 7.3 11.1 D.!! 14.2 7.6 6.6 6.1 7.1 B.6 19.5 45.6 6B.6 

EX IEIlT ur UR Btl II ZJ'\ fI (JI 

100,0001- 72.681.0 86.589.1 89.6 89.1 79.2 63.0 41.2 1.1.7 12.2 9.9 6.7 8.6 111.7 9.1 8.9 8.1 6.1 6.0 9.9 17.3 41.2 63.7 

OTH. EliSA 72.1 B1.1 B6.0 B8.5 90.1 B8.B B2.0 67.7 3B.3 19.4 8.2 4.B 4.3 6.4 B.l 8.0 6.4 4.6 3.2 3.0 4.3 13.2 35.9 62.2 

NCtHI1SA 80.1 85.1 99.9 91.0 91.1 88.6 BO.O 59.0 31.6 16.2 7.6 4.3 5.1 9.9 10.3 10.2 8.9 7.0 11.8 5.4 B.6 21.4 47.9 69.9 

SECT! UI or COUHRY 

'·IEsr 77.4 B3.6 8B.6 89.5 91.0 87.9 BO.l 61.0 32.7 13.B 6.6 ~.7 5.2 8.6 10.1 10.0 9.9 5.7 3.7 2.3 7.1 21.0 50.9 70.7 

N CENTRAL 72.7 81.7 86.4 88.0 89.1 87.4 80.6 62.0 36.5 21.0 8.6 6.1 5.0 6.9 9.5 9.B 7.9 6.6 4.2 4.1 6.2 16.1 39.2 63.1 

I~ EAST 77.584.0 91.0 93.7 93.9 92.9 B4.0 67.3 42.3 20.8 9.1 4.B 5.1 6.0 6.7 6.B 5.4 5.6 4.7 6.7 9.0 15.4 35.0 63.B 

SUUTH 80.484.6 88.5 90.4 89.9 81.5 77.5 56.3 30.6 16.1 lU.3 6.5 7.0 11.3 12.3 10.5 9.7 8.3 6.1 6.B 9.1 22.2 50.0 70.6 

SEX OF RESPUIDEJIT 

t~LE 75.B B2.8 B7.1 B8.3 B9.5 B7.1 77.B 58.5 34.5 19.0 10.8 6.7 6.4 9.B 9.5 9.1 8.2 7.3 5.2 6.0 B.9 20.1 44.4 66.3 

m~LE 77.583.8 89.3 91.5 91.5 89.8 82.3 63.4 35.7 17.1 7.1 4.8 5.lI 7.1 \0.2 9.8 8.5 6.3 4.4 4.2 6.8 17.6 43.4 67.4 

AGE or RESPlJIDElIT 

18-24 YR 62.S 70.6 BO.5 84.1 B6.0 B5.3 80.6 iO.1 55.8 36.9 17.7 8.2 5.0 5,~ 6.3 8.5 6.3 7.6 5.9 3.8 3.9 10.6 28.5 51.2 

25-44 YR 70.7 79.6 85.4 87.4 88.5 86.8 79.5 62.8 37.2 17.2 7.2 4.3 ~.5 5.1 7.\ B.O 7.5 5.9 4.0 3.9 6.5 14.7 38.6 63.2 w 

45-64 YR B3.9 8B.5 91.6 92.B 92.5 90.2 79.9 57.0 ~O.2 13.5 5.8 4.6 5.5 B.3 11.0 9.6 9.1 6.3 5.3 6.B 9.0 21.2 4B.B 72.2 -...J 

65-97 YR 93.1 94.9 96.5 96.8 96.3 93.6 83.3 51.8 22.1 12.9 10.5 8.9 13.2 20.0 18.6 15.2 11.5 8.5 5.6 6.0 12.9 32.5 63.5 83.7 

T 01 At !:I't\PLE 

76.883.388.390.1 90.6 8B.6 80.3 61.2 35.1 18.1 8.B 5.7 5.6 B.3 9.9 9.5 B.4 6.7 4.8 5.0 7.7 18.7 43.9 66.9 
38 

REFERENCES 

Aubree, D.; Auzou, J.; Rapin, M.: 1971, Etude de 1a Gene due au Trafic 

Automobile Urbain: Compte Rendu Scienti fique (Study of Annoyance due to Urban 

Automobile Traffic: Scientific Report). Paris, D.G.R.S.T. No. 68-01-389, 

June, 1971. Translation available as: Study of Annoyance Due to Urban 

Automobile Traffic Annex 5: Sociological Study, NASA TM-77515, July 1984. 

Brooker, P. and Nurse, K.: 1983, 1982 Manchester Night Noise Study: Main 

Report. Civil Aviation Authority, DR Report 8308, London. 

Fields, James M.: 1985, Data on Noise Events at Different Times of Day Around 

Airports, NASA CR 172612. 

Francois, J: 1977, La Prise en Compte de la Gene Nocturne dans Ie Calcul de 

l'indice psyophique (Taking Acount of Night-time Annoyance in the Calculation of 

N). IFOP/ETMAR, Paris. Translation available as: Taking into Account 

Nighttime Annoyance in the Calculation of the Psophic Index, NASA TM-76580, 

Feb. 1977. 

Juster, F.T; Courant, P.; Duncan, G.J.; Robinson, J.P.; and Stafford, F.P.: 

1978, Study Description: Tire Use in Economic and Social Accounts (SRC Study 

466041). Institute for Social Research, April, 1978. 

Juster, F.T. and Stafford, F.P.: 1985, Time, Goals and Well-Being. Institute 

for Social Research, University of Michigan. 

Second Survey of Aircraft Noise Annoyance Around London (Heathrow) Airport, 

1971. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. 
39 

Table I. Distribution of Interviews by Day of Week and Study Wave 

Study Wave Diary Day 

Monday -

Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday TOTAL 

Wave 1 61% 14 5 20 100% 

(October- 44% 28% 5% 20% 

November) (594) (134) (54) (193) (975) 

Wave 2 16% 9 38 37 100% 

(February- 11 18 38 36 

March) (154) (89) (367) (354) (964) 

Wave 3 18% 3 43 36 100% 

(May-June) 12 6 42 35 

(170) (27) (409) (337) (943) 

Wave 4 49% 25 16 10 100% 

(September) 33 48 15 9 

(449) (231) (145) (91) (916) 

TOTAL 100% 100% 100% 100% 

(1367) (481 ) (975) (975) (3798) 
>-

I-

> 

IU 

a: 

en 

:r: 

Iz 

W 

L: 

lll.. 

o 

IZ 

W 

U 

a:: 

w 

u.. 

100~------------------------------------------------------~---. 

60 

60 

40 

Actjuitu/Location 

-s-- Sleep 

~ Aural 

-e- Communication 

o -l--.:::.:pe~~d!<:=~--+--+----'f---+---+---l---+---Ii-----l At hc.ulE' 

6 12 2'1 (Any activi q.) 

HOUR OF DRY 

16 20 

Figure 1: Average time (percentage) at home and in two activitics(at home) on 

weekdays (Monday - Friday) 

>-

I-

> 

IU 

a: 

en 

-:r: 

Iz 

W 

:L: 

lll.. 

o 

IZ 

W 

U 

a:: 

w 

u.. 

100~----------------------------------------------------------, 

60 

60 

'10 

20 Sleep 

Aural Communication 

0~O----~--~-'1--~r---~6----r----r1-2---r----rl-6---r----+2-0---+--~2'1 

HOllR OF DRY 

Activity/Location 

-s-- Au r al + 51 eep 

~ At home 

(Any activity) 

-e- Sleep 

Figure 2: Average tine (percentage) at hone and cumulated for two activitit·s 

(at home) on weekdays (Monday - Friday) 
>-

I-

> 

IU 

a: 

ll') 

::c 

41 

100~--------------------------------------------------------, 

60 

I- 60 

z 

W 

--l 

a... 

o 

w 

a... 

"'d 

w 

:c 

6 12 

HOUR OF DAY 

16 20 

**average ~ime** 

-6 Sleep 

~ 

·Aural 

-6 Communication 

At t",ClrflE' 

**Total No. people** 

~ Sleep 

-+- Aural 

2q Communication 

-- At ho/Oe 

Figure 3: Average time (percentage) and total numbers of people (percentage of 

respondents) at home and in two activities (at home) (on weekdays) 

100~----------------------------------------------------------~ 

>-

I-

....... 60 

> 

IU 

a: 

(f) 

::c 

Iz 

w 

:c 

60 

~ '10 

lL. 

o 

IZ 

W 

U 

a::: 

w 

a... 

20 

O+---~~~~~~--+---~---+--~----~--+----+----+--~ 

6 12 

HOUR OF DAY 

16 20 

Ac~lvi~y/Loc:a~ion 

2'1 

-6- Sleep 

~Aural 

Communication 

-erAt home 

(Any activity) 

Figure 4: Average time (percentage) at horne and in two activities (at home) 

on weekends (Saturday-Sunday) 
W 

:l:: 

o 

:r: 

I100~--------------------------------------------------------. 

80 

a: 60 

w 

:l:: 

llL. 

o 

I-

:z 

w 

u 

a::: 

w 

(L 

'10 

20 

0+----+----~--~--~----~--_+----r_--_r--~~--4_--~--~ 

o 'I 8 12 16 20 2'1 

HOUR OF ORY 

42 

LEGErm 

-e-- f10N- THRU 

~ fRIDAY 

-e-- SATURDAY 

-6- SUNDAY 

Figure 5: Average time (percentage) at home on four types of days 

100 

:z 

0 

Ia: 

u 60 ..... 

:z 

::J 

:l:: 

:l:: 

0 

U 

-1 60 a: 

a::: 

::J 

a: 

:z 

w '10 

:.:: 

llL. LEGEfm 0 

I- 20 -e-- tlON- THRU :z 

w ~ FRIDAY u 

a::: 

w -e-- SA TUROAY (L 

-6- SUrmAY 

6 12 16 20 2'1 

HOUR OF DRY 

Figure 6: Average time (percentage) engaged in aural communication on four 

types of days 
t!) 

z 

a... 

L1.I 

L1.I 

...J 

(/) 

w 

::c 

I-

'-'- 0 

IZ 

L1.I 

U 

a::: 

L1.I 

a... 

L1.I 

::c 

o 

:c 

I100~--------------------------------------------------~ 

80 

60 

o 6 12 

HOUR OF DRY 

43 

LEGEUD 

-S- MON- THRU 

-+- FRIDAY 

--e-- SATURDAY 

-A- SUNDAY 

Figure 7: Average time (percentage) sleeping on four types of days 

100~--------------------------------------------------~ 

60 

er: 60 

L1.I 

::c 

I-

'-'- o 

IZ 

w 

U 

a::: 

L1.I 

a... LEGErm 

2D -S- NOVEMBER 

-+- MARCH 

--e-- MAY 

0+---~--~----+---~--~----+---~---+----b---~---+--~2q o 8 12 16 20 

-+- SEPT. 

HOUR OF DRY 

Figure 8: Average time (percentage) at home for each survey wave 
z 

o 

Ia: 

100~----------------------------------------------------~ 

u 80 z 

:::> 

:c 

:c 

o 

u 

-1 

a: 

0:: 

:::> 

a: 

z 

w 

::c 

I-

\.J.... 

o 

IZ 

W 

U 

0:: 

W 

0... 

60 

'10 

20 

'I 8 12 

HOUR OF DRY 

16 20 

44 

LEGErm 

-e- NOVEMBER 

-+- MARCH 

-e- MAY 

-A- SEPT. 

2'1 

Figure 9: Average time (percentage) engaged in aural communication for each 

survey wave 

l!) 

Z 

0... 

W 

W 

100~--------------------------------------------------------, 

80 

~ 60 

w 

:c 

I-

\.J.... 

o liD 

Iz 

W 

U 

0:: 

W 

0... 20 

O+----+----+---~----~--~--~----+_--_+----~--_r--~r___1 

o 'I 8 12 16 20 2'1 

HOUR OF DAY 

LEGErm 

-e- NOVEMBER 

-+- MARCH 

-e- MAY 

-A- SEPT. 

Figure 10: Average time (percentage) sleeping for each survey wave 
W 

L: 

a 

:c 

r100C~:;::::;::::;:::----------------1 

80 

a: 60 

w 

L: 

ru.. 

a 

rz 

w 

U 

0:::: 

W 

0... 

40 

20 

O+---+---~--~--~--~---r---r---+---+---+--~--~ o 4 B 12 16 20 24 

HOUR OF DRY 

45 

LEGEND 

-e- MRLE 

~ FEMRLE 

Figure 11: Average time (percentage) at home for males and females 

z 

a 

ra: 

u 

z 

. ::l 

:I: 

:I: 

a 

u 

-1 

a: 

0:::: 

::l 

a: 

z 

W 

:I: 

ru.. 

a 

rz 

w 

U 

0:::: 

W 

0... 

100~----------------------------------------------------~ 

80 

60 

40 

20 

8 12 

HOUR OF DRY 

16 20 24 

LEGEND 

-e- MRLE 

~ FEMRLE 

Figure 12: Average time (percentage) engaged in aural communication for males 

and females 
t.!) 

z 

CL 

W 

W 

---l 

If) 

W 

~ 

fll... 

o 

fZ 

W 

U 

0:::: 

W 

CL 

100~----------------~------------------------------~ 

80 

60 

'W 

20 

O+---+---~--~--~--~~~~-r--~---+---+--~--~ o 8 12 IS 20 21{ 

HOUR OF DRY 

46 

LEGEND 

-e- MALE 

~ FEMALE 

Figure 13: Average time (percentage) sleeping for males and females 

w 

~ 

0 

:r: 

fa: 

W 

~ 

fll... 

0 

fZ 

W 

U 

0:::: 

W 

CL 

10D~--------------------------------------------------~ 

80 

60 

20 

0+---~~-+---;----~--~--~---+--~~--+---~---+---;2'1 o I{ 8 12 IS 20 

HOUR OF DRY 

LEGEND 

-e- 18-21{ YR 

~ 2S-'1'1 YR 

-e- I{S-S'I YR 

--A- SS-97 YR 

Figure 14. Average time (percentage) at home for four age groups 
z 

o 

0-< 

Ia: 

U 

0-< 

Z 

::l 

:c 

:c 

o 

u 

-1 

a: 

OC 

::l 

a: 

Z 

w 

:c 

llL. 

o 

IZ 

W 

U 

OC 

W 

0... 

100~--------------------------------------------------------, 

60 

60 

40 

20 

4 B 12 

HOUR OF DRY 

16 20 24 

47 

LEGErm 

-a- 16-2'1 YR 

~ 25-'1'1 YR 

-e-- 45-6'1 YR 

-A- 65-97 YR 

Figure 15. Average time (percentage) engaged in aural communication for four 

age groups 

(!) 

Z 

..-. 

0... 

W 

lJ.l 

100~---------------------------------------------------, 

60 

ffi 60 

w 

:c 

>-0 

llL. 

o 40 

IZ 

W 

~ LEGEND 

~ -a- 16-24 YR 

B 12 

HOUR OF DAY 

16 20 24 

~ 25-4lI YR 

-e-- 45-64 YR 

~ 65-97 YR 

Figure 16. Average time (percentage) sleeping for four age groups 
W 

1:: 

o 

:r: 

I100r-----------------------------------------------------~ 

80 

a: 60 

w 

I: 

llL. 

o 

IZ 

W 

U 

0::: 

W 

a... 

'10 

20 

0+----+----~---r--~----~--_+----+_--~----~--~--_4--~ 

o 8 12 

HOUR OF DRY 

16 20 

48 

LEGEtm 

-e- 100.000+ 

-+- Oll! SNSA 

--e- tlOtl-SNSA 

2'1 

Figure 17. Average time (percentage) at home for areas which differ in 

urbanization 

z 

o 

Ia: 

U 

...... 

Z 

::::l 

1:: 

1:: 

o 

U 

..J 

a: 

0::: 

::::l 

a: 

Z 

W 

1:: 

llL. 

o 

IZ 

W 

U 

0::: 

W 

a... 

100~--------------------------------------------------------, 

60 

60 

'10 

20 

6 12 

HOUR OF DRY 

16 20 

LEGEND 

-e- 100.000+ 

-+- OTH SNSA 

--e- NOtl-SNSA 

2'1 

Figure 18. Average time (percentage) engaged in aural communication for areas 

which differ in urbanization 
49 

100~--------------------------------------------------------' 

80 

l.!l 

Z 

...... 

a... 

w 

w 

....J 

(f) 60 

W 

I: 

IlJ... 

Cl 

IZ 

W 

U 

a::: 

w 

a... LEGEtlO 

-a- 100.000+ 

-+- OTH SMSA 

-e- NON-SMSA 

O+---~---+--~----~--~--~---+----r---+---~---+--~ 

o 'I 8 12 16 20 2'1 

HOUR OF DRY 

Figure 19. Average time (percentage) sleeping for areas which differ in 

urbanization 

W 

I: 

o 

:::c 

I100~--------------------------------------------------------, 

80 

a: 60 

w 

I: 

.... 

IlJ... 

o 

IZ 

W 

U 

a::: 

w 

a... 

'10 

20 

O+----+----~--~--~----~--_+----~--~--~----~--_+--__; 

o 8 12 16 20 2'1 

HOUR OF DRY 

LEGEND 

-a- HEST 

-+- N CENTER 

-e- N EAST 

-6- SOUTH 

Figure 20. Average time (percentage) at home for four sections of the country 
50 

100 

z 

0 

...... 

Ia: 

u 60 ...... 

Z 

:::l 

1:: 

1:: 

0 

U 

-l 60 a: 

0::: 

:::l 

a: 

Z 

'10 w 

1:: 

...... 

llL. LEGEND 

0 

I- 20 -e- HEST 

Z 

W ~ N CENTER 

u 

0::: -e- N EAST w 

Q..,; -b- SOUTH 

6 12 16 -:!j3' 2'1 

HOUR OF DRY 

Figure 21. Average time (percentage) engaged in aural communication for four 

sections of the country 

(!) 

Z 

...... 

Q..,; 

W 

W 

-l 

If) 

W 

1:: 

...... 

lLL 

0 

IZ 

W 

U 

0::: 

W 

Q..,; 

100~--------------------------------------------------~ 

60 

60 

'10 

20 

6 12 

HOUR OF DRY 

16 20 2'1 

LEGEND 

-e- HEST 

~ N CENTER 

-e- N EAST 

-b- SOUTH 

Figure 22. Average time (percentage) sleeping for four sections of the country 
1. Report No. I 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. 

NASA CR-177937 

4. Title and Subtitle 5. Repon Date 

The Timing of Noise-Sensitive Activities in July 1985 

Residential Areas 6. Performing Organization Code 

7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. 

James M. Fields 

10. Work Unit No. 

9. Performing Organization Name and Address 

The Bionetics Corporation 11. Contract or Grant No. 20 Research Drive 

Hampton, VA 23666 NASl-16978 

13. Type of Repon and Period Covered 

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Contractor Report National Aeronautics and FAA 

Space Administration Office of Envir. and 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 

Washington, DC 20546 Energy, Wash. , DC 20591 505-35-13-53 

15. Supplementary Notes 

Langley Technical Monitor: Clemans A. Powell 

16. Abstract 

Data from a 1975-76 nationally representative survey of time-use have been 

analyzed to provide estimates of the percentage of the population which is 

engaged in noise-sensitive activities during each hour of the day on weekdays, 

Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Estimates are provided of the percentage 

engaged in aural communication activities at home, sleeping at home, or simply 

at home. The day can be roughly divided into four noise sensiti vity periods 

consisting of two relatively steady state periods, night (2400 to 0500) and day 

(0900 to 1600), and the early morning and evening transition periods. Weekends 

differ from weekdays in that the morning transition period is one hour later and 

the numbers of people engaged in aural communi cation during the 

day at home are approximately one-half to three-quarters greater. 

The extent and timing of noise-sensitive activites was found to be simi liar for 

all parts of the United States, for different sizes of urban areas, and for the 

three seasons surveyed (September through May). The timing of activity periods 

does not differ greatly by sex or age even though women and people over 65 are 

much more likely to be at home during the daytime. 

17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s)) 18. Distribution Statement 

Noise Annoyance Unclass Hied - Unlimited 

Subject Category - 71 

19. Security Oassif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price 

Unclassified Unclassified 52 A04 

N-305 For sale by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 
End of Document