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(,1 1/,1( Citation: 37 Fed. Reg. 10842 1972 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org) Thu Jul 26 12:33:37 2012 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text.

### RULES AND REGULATIONS 

# Title 40-PROTECTIONOF ENVIRONMENT Chapter I-Environmental Protection Agency SUBCHAPTER C-AIR PROGRAMS 

### PART 52-APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS On April 30, 1971 (36 P.R. 8186), pur

### suant to section 109 of the Clean Air Act, as amended, theAdministratorpro- mulgated national ambient air quality standards for sulfur oxides, particulate matter, carbonmonoxide,photochemical oxidants, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen dioxide. Within 9 months thereafter, each State was required by section 110 of the Act to adopt and submit to the Adminitrator aplan which provides for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of national ambient air qualitystandards within each airquality control regioninthe State.Anadditional period ofno longerthan 18months may be allowed for adoption and submittal ofthat portion of a plan relating toimplementation of secondary ambient air quality standards. Stateplans mustpro- vide for attainment ofnational primary ambient air quality standards within 3 years after the date of the Administrator'sapproval ofsuch plans,except that a 2-year extension ofthis deadline may be granted by the Administrator. State plansmustprovide forattainment ofnational secondary ambient air quality standards within a reasonable time. Within 4months fromthedate onwhich State plans were required to be submitted, the Administrator must approve or disapprove such plans or portions thereof.

On August 14, 19.71 (36 P.R. 15486), the Administrator promulgated regula- tions (40 CFR Part 51) (formerly 42 CPRPart420,buttransferred toChapter I of Title 40 by publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER, page 22369 et seq., No

### vember 25, 1971) setting forth requirements for preparation, adoption, and submittal ofStateimplementation plans. These regulations were amended October 23, 1971 (36 P.R.20513), and December 30, 1971 (36 P.R. 25233), to make certain additions and corrections. The Administrator'sregulations (40 CPRPart 51) provided generally that State plans must setforth a control strategy forattainment and maintenance of the national standards; legally enforceable regulations and compliance schedules for implementation of the control strategy; a contingency plan for preventing the occurrence of air pollution levels which would cause significant harm to the health of persons; source surveillance procedures; procedures to assure that construction or modification of stationarysourceswillnotinterferewithattainment ormaintenance ofthenational standards; provisions forairquality surveillance; a description of the resources needed to carry out the State plan; and provisions for intergovernmental co- operation.Some ofther~qulrements vary by air quality control region in accord- ance with a classification scheme set forth in 40 CPR 51.9. Each State plan -must also show that the State has the legal authority necessary to carry out the plan, as specified by 40 CPR 51.11. States were required to conduct one or more public hearings prior to adoption oftheir implementation plans.

All 50 States, plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa have submitted implementation plans. The Administrator's approvals and disapprovals are set forth below. A more detailed description of disapproved portions, together with an explanation ofthe basis of disapproval, will be provided to the States; copies of these Evaluation Reports will be available for public inspection at the Environmental 'Protection Agency, 401 M Street SW., Washington, D.C., and in the Agency's Regional Offices.

Where the Administrator disapproves a State planorportion thereof,or where a State fails to submit an implementationplan orportion thereof, theAdministrator isrequired, under section 110(c) of the Act, to propose and subsequently promulgate regulations setting forth a substitute implementation plan or portion thereof. Where regulatory portions of a State plan, including control strategies and related rules and regulations, are disapproved or were not submitted, regulations setting forth substitute portions will be proposed .and promulgated. When disapproved portions are of anonregulatory nature, e.g., air quality surveillance, resources, intergovernmental cooperation, and therefore arenot susceptible tocorrection through promulgation of regulations by the Administrator, detailed comments will be included in the evaluation report; in such cases, the Environmental Protection Agency will work with the States to correct the deficiencies.

To the extent possible, the Administrator's evaluation ofState plans reflects the latest information submitted by the States. In the interest of giving States every opportunity to bring their implementation plans into full compliance with the Act and 40 CER Part 51, the Environmental Protection Agency has notified States that modifications submitted after the statutory'deadline for submittal.of State plans would be ac- cepted and considered: Provided,That such modifications were made and submitted in accordance with the requirements of 40 CPR Part 51. Accordingly, many States have been, and still are, making and submitting modifications of their implementation plans. Where such modifications affect the Administrator's approval or disapproval of a State plan orportion thereof, but are not reflected herein, appropriate changes to this part will be published as soon as the Administrator's evaluation of such modifications is completed.

The Act directs the Administrator to require a State to revise its implementation plan whenever he finds that It is substantially inadequate for attainment andmaintenance ofanational standard. In accordance with the statutory man- date, the Environmental Protection Agency will make a continuing evaluation of the State plans and will, as nec- essary, call upon the States to make revisions. EVALUATION OF LEGAL AunIonnry States were required to have the legal authority specified In the Administrator's regulations. With one exception, States were required to have the speelfled legal authority available to them at the time they submitted their Implementation plans. The one exception is authority to carry out land-use and transportation control measures; where a State's control strategy include3 such measures, the State plan must set forth a timetable for obtaining the necessary legal authority.Where Itwas determined that a State's air pollution control statute does not explicitly provide all of the required legal authority, the State's attorney general was consulted for an opinion as to whether the neces- sary authority is conferred by a general grant ofpowers In the air pollution control statute orprovided In other statutes. Where a State plan Indicated that one or more local agencies will be responsible for carrying out any portion of the implementation plan, a similar assesment was made of the legal authority available to such local agencies. A com- plete record of the Environmental Protection Agency's assessment oflegal au- thorityis maintainedin the Office ofthe Associate General Counsel, Air Quality and Radiation Division, Rockville, Md, 20852. DELEGATION OF LEGAL AUTHORITY The legal authority which each State wasrequired tohave carry outIts iniplementation plan Is specified by 40 CFR 51.11. Subparagraphs (5) and (6) of §51.11 (a) require each Stateto have the authority toobtain Information to determine compliance with applicable laws and regulations; require recordeplng; make inspections; conduct tests; require sources toinstall and maintainmonitoring equipment; require periodic reporting; and release emission data to the public. The Administrator has such authority under section 114 of the Act and can delegate It to States. Where a State lacks the authority required by 40 C R 51.11(a) (5) or (6), that portion ofitsimplementation plan is disapproved herein; however, if the State has re- quested delegation ofthe Administrator's authority, and ifthe State's source sur- veillance procedures are approvable, the needed authority Is delegated herein, Where a State lacks the authority re- quired by 40 CPR 51.11(a) (5) or (6) but has not requested delegation of au- thority, the Administrator cannot approve source surveillance procedures eventhough theprocedures may betechnically adequate. The State can correct this deficiencybyrequesting adelegation of authority; such requests may bemade at any time and should be addressed to the appropriate Regional Administrator. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 105-WEDNESDAY, MAY 31, 1972 

### 10842

HeinOnline -- 37 Fed. Reg. 10842 1972RULES AND REGULATIONS ATTAn[mN Or'PamARY STANDARDS " The Act requires attainment of primary standards as expeditiously asprac- ticable, but not later than 3 years from the dateof the Administrator's approval of a State plan except where an extension is granted by theAdministrator; it requires attainment of secondary standards within a reasonable time. Except where extensions have been requested, Stateplans generally provide for attainmentoftheprimary standards in3years. Whethermore expeditious attainment of the primary standards is practicable is a question that will be subject to continuing examination in connection with the Administrator's review ofthe compliance schedules andprogressreports tobesubmitted by the States and as part of the Administrator's continuing surveillance of State activities. It is already clear, -however, that the aggregate emission

control requirements of the 55 State plans willcreatesuch agreat demandfor clean fuels, emission control equipment, and other items that attainment ofthe primary standards in many urban areas in significantly less time than 3 years generally will notbe feasible. 

### ATTAINW DAs Each State plan mustspecify thepro- jected dates of attainment of primary and secondary standards. Where a State plan sets forth a control strategy and regulations adequate for attainment of the national standards within the time periodsprescribed bythe Actbut fails to specify an attainment date, the Administratorwillpromulgate attainmentdates meeting therequirements ofthe Act. MAlrMrAcE oF STANDARDS Where existing air pollution levels ex- 

### ceed thenational standards, State plans were expected to provide for the degree of emission reduction necessary for attainment and maintenance of the na- tional standards, including the degree of emission reduction necessary to offset theprobable imp~act ofprojected growth ofpopulation, industrial activity, motor vehicle trafc, or other factors. There is a great deal of uncertainty involved in projecting growth and predicting its impact on air quality. Growth projections extending more than 2 or 3 years into the future are necessarily generalized and inevitably are based ona variety of assumptions,many ofthemwhichare,at best,tenuous.Evenwheregrowthpolicies have been adopted by State or local governments, theynormallyprovide only general guidelines. Techniques fortranslating,generalized projections of popula- tion and industrial growth into predic- tions offuture air quality do not exist. Accordingly, States were limited in the extentto which theycould develop con- trol strategies adequate not only for attainment, but also for maintenance, of the national standards. Since the EnvironmentalProtectionAgency's capability ofplanning for continued maintenance ofthenationalstandards issubjecttothe same limitations, and since State and local governments clearly should not lightly bedeprived ofthe opportunity to plan andcontrol growth Inamannerbest suitedtotheneeds andpreferences ofindividual communities and their Inhabitants, withdue consideration ofenvironmental impacts, the Administrator, at thistime,isnotproposingsubstitute con- trol strategies based on considerations related solelytomaintenance ofnational standards. States are required, however, to prevent construction, modification, or operation ofanystationary sourceatany location where its emissions will prevent the attainment or maintenance of a national standard; the Administrator will promulgate appropriate regulations wherever State plans are Judged inadequate in this regard. Thus, all State plans will include this mechanism for minimizing the effects of growth on air quality.New source performance standards promulgated by the Administrator under section 111 of the Act will also serve to minimize the impactof growth. Furthermore, theActauthorizes theAdministrator to requirerevision ofa State planwheneverhefindsthat it issubstantially inadequate to attain ormaintain a national standard.It is the Administrator's intention to make a continuing ex- amination of the adequacy of State plans, and, where necessary, to call for revisions. States should be aware that failuretoprovide formaintenance ofthe national standards could necessitate re- straints on population and industrial growth and/or further restrictions on emissions from existing sources of air pollution.

EVALUATION OP'

### CONTROL STRATEGMr A "control strategy" is a combination of measures designed to achieve the aggregate reduction ofemissions necessary for the purposes of attainment and maintenance of a national standard. The Administrator's regulations (40 CFR 51.13 and 51.14) set forth procedures, i.e., proportional or diffusion modeling, to be employed by the States in demonstrating that their control strategieswill be adequate for these purposes. Evaluation of the control strategies generally included assessment of the accuracy ofthe data relied upon by a State in demonstrating the adequacy of control strategies, the validity of any assumptions made by the State, and the accuracy of the calculations employed in the modeling exercises. In addition, a determinationwas made as towhether the controlstrategy would besuficiently comprehensive. SULMUR OxMDs AND PARTICULATE M&ATTR

The national standards for sulfur oxides and particulate matter include both short-term standards, e.g., maxi- mum 24-hour concentrations not to be exceeded more than once per year, and long-term standards, Le., annual aver- age concentrations. State plans werere- quiredto setforthcontrolstrategies adequate for attainment and maintenance of both the short-term and long-term standards, with the exception ofthe 24- hour secondary standard for sulfur ox- ides and the annual average secondary standard for particulate matter,both of 'which are guidelines. Where State plans did not explicitly demonstrate that a 

### 10843 control strategy is adequate for attainment andmaintenance ofshort-term, as well as long-term standards, the Administrator has made judgments based on available data regard peak-to-mean ratios;point-source controlmeasures,for example, are likely to reduce the frequency and Intensity ofpeakconcentrations. thus altering peak-to-mean ratios andincreasing thelikelihoodthat a con- trol strategy adequate for attainment of an annual average standard will also be adequate for attainment of short-term standards. FUEL AVArABn=

The State implementation plans to control SOxgenerally have been responsive to the mandates of the Ciean Air Act. The plans provide for meeting by 1975primaryairqualitystandards which are designedtoprotectthepublichealth. In most cases, the States determined 1975 tobe the "reasonable time" allowed by the Act to meet the secondary air quality standards forSOz which are designed to protectthepublicwelfare.Fuel combustion regulations were designed to achieve boththeprimary and secondary standards by the 1975 date. n most States these emission regulations were made to apply statewqlde, without re- gard to the differing air quality in regionswithintheState.

It is clear that achieving these rigor- ous State standards In the time prescribed would significantly enhance air quality in many areas of the Nation, as contemplatedbytheCleanAirAct.However, in addition to reviewing the effectiveness of each State implementation plan, this Agency and the Federal Government have an obligation to assess the impact of the various plans in the aggregate. From this standpoint, there Is strong evidence that the complete implementation of the plans as sub-. mitted maynotbe attainable in the time prescribed.

Because ofphysical limitations on our ability to clean the emissions of high sulfur fuels on a large scale in the time permitted by the statute, achievement of the particulars of the State plans would require the availability of large additional supplies of "clean!" fuelsnatural gas and low sulfur coal and oil. Since fuel desulfurlzatlon facilities are unlikely to be built on the scale which would be required to fullyimplement all State plans by 1975. it appears that all State plans can be completely imple- mented by 1975 only with a major short term shift to naturally clean fuels. Unfortunately, these naturally clean fuels arenotlikelytobeavailableIn quantities necessary tomeettheprojected demand.

Unfortunately, our long-overdue con- cernfor air quality comes atatimewhen the abundance ofcleaner energyfuels in theUnited Statesisrapidly disappearing and energyexperts arebecomingworried about our ability tomeet ourenergy fuel needs even independent of environmental considerations. Given the limits on thesupplyof naturally cleanfuels in the short run,thewell publicizedshortage of natural gas In this country, and the physically disruptive taskofsubstituting FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 1OS-WEDNESDAY, M-'AY 31, 1972
HeinOnline -- 37 Fed. Reg. 10843 1972

### RULES AND REGULATIONS theuse ofhugeamounts ofclean fuelsby energy producers and users at a time when traditional fuels such as natural gas are in short supply, it is apparent that the Nation faces a difficult task.

It is also apparent that the cost of this effort, translated into costs of fuel and electric energy to our economy and to individual energy consumers, will be substantial and cannot be wholly ig- nored. On the other hand, appropriate enviromental costs must be recognized in the price ofenergy if we are to allocate ourtotal resources properly.

There are alternative strategies which, should permit achievement of the goals 'of the Clean Air Act within the legisla- tive deadlines, but theapproach must be twofold. First, implementation of the standards must take into account the limits ontotal availability ofclean fuels. Second, government must also address the problem of creating economic and other incentives which ensure that natural or desulfurized clean fuels go to users in areas of greatest environmental need.

The Pure Air Act of 1972 (the sulfur emission tax), which is currently before Congress, is important to both aspects of this approach. The tax would permit clean fuels to reach users in areas of environmental need by providing a strong economic incentive for those users to bid for the clean fuels. The tax would also increase -the availability of clean fuels by providing an economic stimulus both to develop new clean fuel resources, and to perfect technology for cleaning fuels before combustion, and for purifying exhaust gases.

Preliminary analysis by EPAindicates the re.l possibility that, under current conditions in the domestic and world fuel markets including the absence of the sulfur tax, all aspects of the State Plans In the aggregate cannot be achieved by 1975 despite the best efforts of both government and the private sector. Pending further study, EPA is approving orpromulgatingregulations for meeting both the primary and sec- ondary SO% standards. The States should proceed to develop compliance schedules on the assumption that both standards can be met. In the meantime EPAwill be completing its studiesofthe aggregate situation and will suggestnec- essary changes to the States, and likewise modify federally promulgated sox regulations for achievement of the sec- ondary standard where appropriate. Highestpriority mustbe givento achieving the primary standards (health re- lated) by the statutory deadline.

At this time, the States mostlikely to beaffectedby this shortage ofclean fuels include Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee, Alabama, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Georgia, and New York, but others will also need to.consider the availability of fuelsin developing complianceschedules.

For its part in addition to completing this work, EPA intends to be vigorous in urging other Federal agencies andthe Congress to adopt energy policies which will stimulate the availability of-needed clean fuels and insure their availability toareas ofgreatest need,consistent with 

### environment, national security, con- sumer and other considerations. 'NITROGEN DIOXIDE Where attainment of the national standard for nitrogen dioxide would re- quire additional emission reductions beyond those expected to result from Federal motor vechicle emission standards, the Admistrator's regulations (40 CPR 51.14) required States to provide for the degree of nitrogen oxides emission reduction 'attainable through the application of reasonably available technology for the control of stationary source emissions of nitrogen oxides, as defined by 40 CFR. Part 51, Appendix B. Hydrocarbon emission reductions arising from the Federal motor vehicle standards or from transportation con- trol measures undertaken to implement the national standards for photochemi- cal oxidants will tend to reduce ambient air concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. In accordance with 40 CFR 51.14, this combination of stationary and mobile source control measures is considered an adequate control strategy for imple- mentation of the national standards for nitrogen dioxide. Studies aimed at pro- viding an improved basis for developing and evaluating nitrogen oxides control strategies are underway. Based on the results ofthese studies, the Administrator will determine whether revision of the State plans for implementation of the national standards for nitrogen dioxide will be necessary; such revisions maynecessitate, among other things, the development and application of nitrogen oxides emission control techniques goingbeyond those which arenow available. Pending such action, States' re- quests for 2-year extensions of the deadline for attainment of this national standard have not been evaluated. HYDROCARBONS, The national standard for hydro- carbons (40 CFR 50.10) is aguide to the formulation ofcontrol strategies for.attainment and maintenance of the na- tional standard for photochemical oxidants. Accordingly, State plans were not required to provide for' attainment and maintenance of the national standard for hydrocarbons, per se,

TRANSPORTATION CONTROL MEASURES 

### TheActand theAdministrator's regu- lations (40 CPR Part 51) require States to take steps to reduce emissions from transportation sources wherever such steps are necessary for attainment and maintenance of national ambient air quality standards. In August 1971, when the Administrator's regulations were promulgated, it was recognized that States have had practically no experi- ence with transportation control meas- ures as a means of dealing with air qualityproblems andthat available data were not sumcient to-permit States to develop meaningful transportation control schemes andpredict their impact on air quality. The Environmental ProtectionAgencyhad alreadybegun an assessment of the extent to which various transportation control measures, includFEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 105-WEDNESDAY, MAY Ingmotorvehicleinspection andinstallation of emission control devices on in- use automobiles, could be expected to produce improvements in airquality, but it was apparent that the results would notbe available within the time allowed for development of State plans. Accordingly, theStates were advised thatadoption of transportation control schemes could be deferred beyond the statutory deadline forsubmittalofimplementation plans but that State plans would have to define the degree of emission reduction to be achieved through transporta- tion control measures and Identify the measures being considered. States were further advised that they would have to submit,no later thanFebruary 15, 1973, together with their first semiannual progress reports, definitive transportation control plans, including Identification ofthe specilflfc measures to be implemented, demonstration of the adequacy of these measures for attainment and maintenance of the national stand. ards, andadetailed timetable forobtaining any necessary legal authority and taking allother stepsnecessary toimplementthevariousmeasures.The EnvironmentalProtection Agency,incooperation with the Department of Transportation, will provide assistance to the States in the development of their transportation controlplans. COMPLIANCE SCHEDULES State plans were required to specify the dates by which all sources must be in compliance with applicable regulations, except that, where a State plan provides for negotiating compliance schedules for individual sources, such schedules are required to be submitted to the Administrator no later than the time of submittal of the State's lrst semiannual progress report. States generally have either prescribed a terminal date for compliance by all sources, with indiviiual source schedules, includinr schedules of incremental steps toward compliance, to be negotiated, or have made regulations effective almostimmediately, with compliance schedules to be negotiated and effectuated through a variance procedure. Either approach is considered acceptable: Provided,flrst, That compliance with all regulations related to attainment of national am- bient air quality standards will be achieved bytheattainment datespecified in the State plan or prwcrlbed by the Administrator, and second, that provi- sion is made fornegotiating compliance schedules,including incremental stepsin cases where the terminal date is more than 18 months away. EMERGENCY EPISODES State plans were required to set forth episode criteria, I.e., pollutant concen- trations atwhich specified emission con- trol actions will be initiated in order to prevent significant harm to the health of persons. Episode criteria wore required to be adequate to protect against occurrence ofthe significantharmlevels prescribed by the Administrator (40 CPR 51.16). Emission control action plans were required toprovide for abate31, 1972 

### 10844

HeinOnline -- 37 Fed. Reg. 10844 1972RULES AND REGULATIONS ment adtion dealing with area sources. e.g., openburning, commercial and residential incinerators, andmotor vehicles, and to provide for development of individual standby abatement plans for all stationary sources emitting 1410 tons per year or more. Where episode criteria dnd/or emission control action plans applieable to area sources *andmotor ve- hicles were not submitted or were disapproved, the Administrator is not prescribing substitute provisions, but, rather, in carrying out his responsibilities under section 303 of theAct, will be guided by the suggested episode criteria and emission control action plans set forth in the Administrator's regulations (40 CFR Part 51, Appendix L). Where episode criteria and/or emission control action plans are approved, the Administratorwillmake use ofthemintheevent that it is necessary to initiate action under section 303. In eithercase,theAdinitrator,in acting under section 303, may also take into consideration other relevant information andadvice, including .medical-scientific opinions on en- dangerment to the health of persons. Where a State plan fails to provide for public announcements of episode stages or fails to provide for development of standby abatement plans for stationary sources emitting 100tons peryear or more,the Administrator willpromulgate regulations to correct such deficiencies. AIR QuhnrrY SURVEILLANCE Where a State'i provisions for air quality surveillance do notmeet the re- quirements of theAdministrator's regulations (40 CFR 51.17), the deficiencies will be identified in the evaluation re- port, and the Environmental Protection Agency will work with the State in cor- recting the deficiencies. Insofar as air quality monitoring methods are con- cerned, the only methods currently approved are the reference methods prescribed by the Administrator (40 CPR Part 50) simultaneously with a promulgation of the national standards. With respect to carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, and hydrocarbons, the Administratorprescribed an analytical principle; any methodemploying ex- actly the same analytical principle is considered a reference method, provided that it meets the performance 8pecifications set forth in the Administrator's regulations (40 CFR 51.17). For all pollutants, methods other than the refer- encemethodsprescribed bytheA-ministrator may be approved if they are shown to be equivalent to thexeference methods. Equivalency testing guidelines arebeing developed by theEnvironmentalProtection Agency. NEW SOURCES AND MODIFICATIONS State plans were required to provide for review ofnew sources and modificationsofexisting sources andforpreventing construction or modification if it would result in violations of applicable portions of a control strategy or interfere with attainment or maintenance of national standards. REsouncEs States were required by section 110 of the Act to provide assurances that they will have adequate resources, I.e., personnel and funding, to carry out their implementation plans. The Administrator'sjudgment as to the probable adequacy of projected resources is based on a number of considerations, including estimates ofmanpower needs in re- lation to factors affecting thenature and magnitude of air pollution problems and previous evaluations ofthe performance of State and local air pollution control agencies. Where it istheAdministrator's judgment that a State's projected re- sources maybe inadequate, theEnvironmentalProtection Agency will workwith the State in correcting this deficiency. The Administrator's judgment on the adequacy ofresources should notbe con- strued as a commitment to provide financial support; such support issubject to the limitations of funds appropriated under theCleanAirAct. Two-YEAR EXTENSIONS TheActprovidesfor2-year,orshorter, extensions of the statutory deadline for attainment ofnational primary ambient air quality standardswhereneededtechnologyor otheralternatives arenotavailable or willnotbe available soonenough to permit attainment of the primary standards witlin the 3-year period prescribed by the Act. For the most pat, States'requests for such extensions were related to identified needs for application oftransportation control measures. The Administrator has determined that the leadtime necessary for development, adoption, and implementation of transportation control measures generally precludes their applicationon anysignificant scale within the next 3 years, i.e., theywillnot beavailable soon enoughto permit attainment oftheprimary stdndardswithinthetimeperiodprescribedby theAct.Thisdeterminationwasreflected 

### in 40 CFR 51, in which emission control measures applicable to mobile sources, withminorexceptions, werenotIncluded among the various emission control measures judged to be attainable with reasonably available technology.Accordingly, it isthe Administrator'sjudgment that 2-year extensions are Justified in caseswheretransportatior controlmeas- ures will be necessary. It should be em- phasized, however, that timetables for attainment ofprimary standards willbe subject to continuing examination, and, wherethe Administrator findsthatmore expeditious attainment is practicable, States will be required to revise their timetables.

-Where States have submitted imple- mentation plans that do not provide for attainment of the primary standards within the 3-year period prescribed by theActandhave notrequested an extension, the Administrator has evaluated such State plans to determine whether 

### an extension is Justified under the pro- visions of the Act. The Administrator's determinations in such cases are re- flected below; these determinations wll also be subject to continuing examination,andwherenecessary, revision. ErGHvEW-MoNr= ExTmsrsoxs UndertheAct,theAdministrator may, wherever he determines necessary, ex- tend for a period of not more than 18 months the deadline for submittal of a Stateplanorportionthereofwhichwould implement a national secondary stand

### ard.40 CFR51.31 providesthatsuchextensions may be granted where attainment of a secondary standard will re- quire emissionreductions exceedingthose whichcanbeachievedthroughtheapplication of reasonably available control technology, asdefined in 40CFRPart51, Appendix B. Where a State plan fails to provide for attainment of a secondary standard, and where attainment would require emission reductions exceeding thosewhich canbe achievedthrough the application ofreasonably available con- trol technology, the Administrator Is providing for an 18-month extension re- gardless of whether the State has re- quested one. Such extensions will be applicable to adoption of an adequate plan for implementation of the secondary standardbytheStateorpromulgation of an adequate implementation planbythe Administrator. Emisom DATA AvrAmny TheActrequires assurancethat States will provide for public availability of emission data. Where a Statelacks legal authority to obtain and/orrelease emissiondata or wherethe State plan is deficient with respect to source-reporting requirements or procedures for public access to emission data, theAdministrator is disapproving the pertinent provislons ofthe State plan.The Administratorwillpromulgateregulationstoremedy such deficiencies. Under section 114 of the Clean Air Act, States may request delegation oftheAdministrator's authorityto obtain and releaseinformation. SouRcz MONTORING States must have legal authority to requirestationary source owners oroperators to install, maintain, and useemission monitoring devices. The Environmental Protection Agency is making an analysis ofthePerformance of currently available emission (in-stack) monitoringdevices. Accordingly, Stateswerenot required by 40 CFR Part 51 to impose specific source-by-source requirements forin-stack monitoring atthis time. OiIONAL CONTROL Several State plans include regula- tions under which a source owner or operator could be exempt from compli- ance with an applicable emission limitation if he can show that emissions from the source will not interfere with attainment or maintenance of the na- tional standards. The Administrator neither approves nor disapproves such optional control features. States are advised, however, that action taken to allow any such exemptions will con- stitute revision of a State plan and FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 105-WEDNESDAY MAY 31, 1972 

### 108,5

HeinOnline -- 37 Fed. Reg. 10845 1972

### 10846 therefore will be subject at that time to the Administrator's approval REVISIONS In accqrdance with the Act and the Administrator's regulations (40 

### CFR 51.6), all State plans are subject to re- vision, as necessary, to take account of revisions of the national standards, availability of improved or more ex- peditious methods of attaining the na- tional standards, or a finding by the Administrator that a State plan is substantially inadequate to attain ormaintain a national standard. Accordingly, whether a State has acknowledged that its implementation plan is subjectto re- vision is considered immaterial. ENFORCEMENT Upon approval by the Administrator, a State plan is enforceable by the Administrator underthe CleanAir Act.All approved provisions relating to attainment and maintenance of national standards, including approved rules and regulations, are subject to such enforcement action.Where a Stateplanincludes regulations designedto attain andmaintain air quality betterthanthatrequired by the national standards, such regulations are subject to enforcement action under the Clean AirAct unless they are separate fiom those necessary for attainment and maintenance of the na- tional standards. PRoGREss REPORTS States are required to submit semiannual reports on their progress in car- ryingoutapproved implementation plans or portions thereof. For implementation plans approved herein, thefirstprogress reports will be due February 15, 1973. A format for use in preparing and submitting such reports is being prepared and will be made available tothe States. PasvIous APPROVALS The State implementation plans approved 'herein supplement the portions previously approved by the Administrator, notice of which was published February 3, 1972 (37 F.R. 2581), at Part 52 ofTitle 40 ofthe CodeofFederal Regulations. Portions of State plans which have previously been approved remain in effect and unaffected bythe approvals published today. SCOPE OF APPROVALS Ingeneral, all portions of State plans which are related to attainment and and maintenance ofnational standards are aplroved unless specifically disapproved herein. JUDICIAL REVIEW The Administrator's approval or promulgation of implementation plans, or portions thereof, issubjecttojudicial re- view under section 307(b) (1) of the Clean Air Act. For purposes of section 307(b)(1), the .30-day period within which a petition for review may be filed will be considered to runfrom the date of publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER of a notice of approval or promulgation ofaplan orportionthereof. 

### RULES AND REGULATIONS NOTE Subpart A ofthe regulations includes general statementsregarding the type of provisions which will be promulgated by the Agency as necessary in various subparts. These statements are expressed in thepresent tense inorder to avoid re- visions of verb tenses at the time of promulgation. EFFECTIVE DATE These regulations are effective on the date of their publication in the FEDERAL REGISTER (5-31-72). The Agency finds that goodcause existsfor notpublishing theseregulations as anotice ofproposed rulemaking andfor making them effective immediately upon publication, for the followingreasons:

1. Theimplementation planswereprepared, adopted, and submitted by the States, and reviewed and evaluated by the Administrator pursuant to 40 CFR Part 51, which, prior to promulgation, had been published as a notice of proposed rule-making for comment by interested persons, and

2. The approved implementation plan provisions were adopted In accordance with procedural requirements of State andFederal law,which providedfor adequate public participation through no- tice, public hearings, and time forcom- ment, and consequently further public participation isunnecessary. (42 

### U.S.C. 1857C-5)

Dated: May26,1972. WI.LWAm D. RucxEcsAus, Administrator. NOTE: Incorporation byreference provisions approved by the Director of the Federal Register on May 18, 1972.

Part 52 f Chapter I of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended byredesignating existing §52.1 as new Subpart EEE, §52.2850 and by adding newSubparts A-DDD as follows: Subpart A-General Provisions 

### § 52.01 Definitions.

All terms used in this part but not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Clean Air Act and inPart51 ofthischapter. § 52.02 Introduction. (a) This part sets forth the Administrator's, approval and disapproval of Stateplans andthe Administrator'spro- mulgation of such plans or portions thereof. Approval of a plan or any portion thereof isbased upon a determinationbytheAdministrator thatsuch plan or portion meets the requirements of section 110 ofthe Actand theprovisions ofPart51 ofthis chapter. (b) Any plan or portion thereof promulgated by the Administrator substitutes for a State plan or portion thereof disapproved by the Admini trator ornot submitted by a State, or supplements a State plan orportionthereof. The promulgated provisions, together with any portions of a State plan approved by the Administrator, constitute the applicable plan for purposes of the 'Act. (c) Wherenonregulatoryprovisions of a plan are disapproved, the disapproval is noted in this part and a detailed evaluation is provided to the State, but no substitute provisions are promulgated by the Administrator. (d) All approved regulatory provisions of each plan are incorporated by reference in this part.Regulatory provisions ofaplan approved orpromulgated by the Administrator are enforceable by theAdministrator and the State, and by local agencies in accordance with their assigned responsibilities under the plan. (e) Each State's plan is dealt with in a separate subpart, which includes an introductory section Identifying theplan byname and the dateof Its submittal, a section classifying regions, and a section setting forth dates for attainment of the national standards. Additional cctions are included as necessary to rpeciflcally Identify disapproved provisions, to set forth reasons for disapproval, and to cet forth provisions ofthe planpromulgated by theAdministrator. I (f) Revisions to applicable plans will be included in this part when approved orpromulgated by theAdministrator. §52.03 MExensions.

Each subpart includestheAdministrator's determination with respect to any request under section 110(b) ofthe Act for an extension of the deadline forsubmitting that portion of a plan which implements asecondary standard or any request under section 110(o) ofthe Act for an extension of the 3-year deadline for attainment ofaprimary standard. § 52.04 Classificationofregions.

Each subpart Sets forth the priority classification, by pollutant, for each re- gion in the State. Each plan for each region was evaluated according to the requirements of Part 51 of this chapter applicable to regions of that priority. §52.05 Public availability of einission data. Each subpart sets forth the Adminitrator's disapproval of plan procedures for making emission data available to the public after correlation with applicable emission limitations, and Includes the promulgation of requirements that sources report emission data to the Ad- "ministrator for correlation and public disclosure. §52.06 Legalauthority.

(a) The Administrator's determinationof.the absence orinadequacy oflegal authority required to be included in the plan is set forth in each subpart. This includes the legal authority of local agencies and State governmental agencies other than an air pollution control agency If such other agencies are assigned responsibility for carrying out a planorportion thereof. (b) No legal authority as such Is promulgated by the Administrator. Where requiredre-ulatory provisions are not included in the plan by the State because of inadequate legal authority, substitute provisions are promulgated bythe Administrator. (c) Where aStateplan didnot clearly set forth a timetable for obtaining legal authority toestablishtransportation and land-use controls necessary to attain or FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 105-VIEDNESDAY, MAY 31, 1972 HeinOnline -- 37 Fed. Reg. 10846 1972

### RULES AND REGULATIONS maintain the national standards, the subpart sets forth a timetable for the acquisition of such authority and the adoption ofthe necessary control meas- ures. The State's failure to comply with thd timetable set forth in the subpart will be grounds for promulgation of the required measures bythe Administrator. § 52.07 Controlstrategies.

(a) Each subpartspecifies inwhatre- spectsthe controlstrategies are approved or disapproved, and also specifies the date by which an approved or promulgated control strategy will result in the attainment of the pertinent national standards.

(b) A control strategy may be disapproved as inadequate because it is not sufficiently comprehensive, although all regulations provided to carry out the strategy may themselvesbe approved. In this case,regulations for carrying out necessary additional measures are promulgated in the subpart. (c) Where a control strategy is adequate to attain and maintain a national standard butone ormore oftheregulations to carry it out is not adopted or not enforceable bythe State,the control strategy is approved and the necessary regulations are promulgated by the Administrator. (d) Wherd a control strategy is adequate to attain and maintain air quality better than that provided for by a na- tional standard but one or more of the regulations to carryit out isnotadopted or not enforceable bythe State,the con- trol strategy is approved and substitute regulations necessary to attain and maintain the national standard are promulgated. 

### § 52.03 Rules andregulations.

Each subpartidentifies theregulations, including emissionlimitations, whichare disapproved by the Administrator, and includes the regulations which the Administrator promulgates. 

### §52.09 Complianceschedules.

(a) In each subpart, compliance schedules disapproved by the Administrator are identified, and compliance schedules promulgated by the Administratorare setforth. (b) Individual source compliance schedules submitted with certain plans have not yet been evaluated, and are not approved or disapproved. 

### §52.10 

### Review ofnew sources andmodifications. In any plan where the review procedure for new sources and source modifications does not meet thie requirements of §51.18 ofthis chapter, provisions are promulgated which enable theAdministrator to obtain the necessary information and to prevent coistruction or modification. 

### §52.11 Prevention of air pollution emergency episodes. (a) Each subpart identifies portions of the air pollution emergency episode contingency planwhich are disapproved, and sets forth the Administrator's promugation of substitute provisions. (b) Noprovisions are promulgated to replace any disapproved air quality monitoring or communications portions of a contingency plan, but detailed critiques of such portions are provided to the State. 

### § 52.12 Source surveilance.

(a) Each subpart identifies the plan provisions for source surveillance which are disapproved, andsets forth the Administrator's promulgation ofnecessary provisions forrequiring sources tomaintain records, make reports, and submit information. (b) Noprovisions arepromulgated for any disapproved State or local agency procedures for testing, inspection, investigation, or detection, but detailed critiques of such portions are provided totheState. (c) For purposes of Federal enforcement, emissions from sources subject to provisions of aplan which did notspecify a test procedure or subject to provisions promulgated by the Administrator will be tested by means of the procedures and methods prescribed in the appendix to Part 60 ofthistitle, and 

### emlssions from sources subject to ap- proved provisions of a plan wherein a 

### test procedure was specified will be tested bythe specified procedure. §52.13 Air quality surveillance; resources; intergovernmental coopera- 

### tion. , Disapproved portions of the plan relatedto the airquality surveillance system, resources, and intergovernmental cooperation are identified in each subpart, andAetailed critiques ofsuchpor- tions are providedto the State. Nopro- visions are promulgated by the Administrator. §52.14 State ambient air quality standards. Any ambient airquality standard submitted with a planwhich is less strin

### gentthananational standardisnotconsideredpart oftheplan. 

### §52.15 Publicavailability ofplans.

Each State shall make available for public inspection at least one copy of the plan in at least one city in each region to which suchplanis applicable. All such copies shall be kept current. Subpart B-Alabama § 52.50 Identification ofplan.

(a) Title ofplan: "Air Quality Implementation Planfor the State of Alabama." (b) Theplanwasofflcially submittedonJanuary25,1972. (c) SupplementalInformation wassubmittedonMarch 21, April 18, andApril 28, 1972,bytheAlabamaAirPollutionControlCommission. 

### §52.51 Chassificationofregions.

The Alabama plan was evaluated on thebasis of the following classifications: 

### Poldtarit

______ Air quhlity " 

### I Photcheical

control region Particulate Sulfur ilitrogen Carbon 

### I oxidants

____________ ,_ _ L .Utter- 

### lozides dioxide 

### Vonxide (hydrocarbons) labama &Tombigbee Rivers Intrastate Columbus (Georgia)- Phenix City (Alabama) Interstate East Alabama Intrastate ;Ptropolitan Birmingham Intrastate Mobile (Alabaraa)-Pensacoli .Panama City (Florida)- Southern Mississippi Interstate Southeast Alhbama

Intrastate Tennessee Rivde Valley

(Alabama)-Currherland Hopuntains (Tennessee) , Interstate II 

### I I SI



### §52.52 Extensions.

The Administrator hereby extends for 2 years the attainment date for the national standards for photochemical oxidants and carbon monoxide In the Metropolitan Birmingham Int~rastate Region and for photochemical oxidants in the Alabama portion of the Mobile (Alabama)-Pensacola-Panama City (Flor- ida)-SouthernMississippi InterstateRegion. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 105-WEDNESDAY, MAY 31, 1972 

### III III III III 

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### RULES ANDA.REGULATIONS 10853 § 52.230 Control strategy: Nitrogen dioxide, Metropolitan Los Angeles Intrastate Region. (a) Therequirements of §51.14(c) (3) ofthis chapter are notmet sincetheplan does not provide for the degree of nitrogen oxides emission reduction attainable through application ofreasonably available control technology In theMetropolitan LosAngelesIntrastateRegion. §52.231 Preventionofairpollutionemergency episodes.

(a) The requirements of §51.16 of this chapter are not met since the plan provides nomeans of taking necessary emlIon control actions, specifies no episode criteria,nor delineates any of the procedures to be implemented during an emergency episode. § 52.232 Airqualitysurveillance.

(a) The requirements of §51.17(a) of this chapter are not met since the plan does not specify which air quality monitoring stations have been designated for the purpose of monitoring in an area of maximum pollutant concentrations and the proposed- network does notprovide for the required number of samplers In all regions. (b) The requirements of §51.17(b) ofthis chapter are notmet since methods of sampling analysis, data handling,,and data analysis were not adequately described in theplan. (c) The requirements of §51.17(c) of this chapter are not met since the plan doesnot provide for monitoring air quality during an emergency episode. 

### § 52.233 Review ofnewsources andmodifications.

(a) The requirements of §51.18(a) ofthis chapter are not met In the indicated portions ofthe following Regions since theregulations oftheAir Pollution Control Districts (APCD) do not provide procedures for obtaining information prior to construction,nor themeans ofpreventing construction. (1) Sacramento ValleyIntrastate: (i) Colusa CountyAPCD. (ii) SutterCountyAPCD. (2) San JoaquinValleyIntrastate: (W Calaveras CountyAPOD. (ii) Fresno CountyAPCD. (ii) Kern CountyAPCD. (iv) KingsCountyAPCD. (v) Madera County APCD. (vi) Mariposa CountyAPCD. (vii) MercedCountyAPCD. (viii) SanJoaquin CountyAPOD. (ix) Stanislaus CountyAPCD. (x) TulareCountyAPCD. (3) SoutheastDesertIntrastate: (i) KernCountyAPCD. (b) The requirements of §51.18(a) of this chapter are not met in the Indicated portions of the following Regions since theregulations of the AirPollution Control Districts (APCD) do not provide procedures for the review of new sources and modifications. (1) San FranciscoBayAreaIntrastate: (i) BayAreaAPCD. (2) Sacramento ValleyIntrastate: (i) Sacramento CountyAPCD. (c) The requirements of §51.18(a) of this chapter are notmet In the indicated portions ofthefollowing Regions since theregulations ofthe AirPollution Control Districts (APCD) do notprovide themeans to prevent construction. (1) Metropolitan LosAngeles Intrastate: (D SantaBarbara CountyAPCD. (ii) Ventura CountyAPCD. (2) South CentralCoastIntrastate: (i) SantaBarbara CountyAPCD. (d) The requirements of §51.18(c) ofthis chapter arenot met In the indicated portions ofthe followingRegions since theregulations oftheAir Pollution Control Districts (APCD) do not include a means to prevent construction or modification ofsources ifsuch construction ormodification wouldinterfere with the attainment ormaintenanceofanational standard.

(1) GreatBasinValleyIntrastate: (i) InyoCountyAPCD. (ii) MonoCountyAPCD. (2) Metropolitan LosAngelesIntrastate: (i) LosAngeles CountyAPCD. (Ii) Orange CountyAPCD. (iii) Riverside CountyAPCD. (iv) San BernardinoCountyAPCD. (3) North-Central CoastIntrastate: (i) Monterey-Santa Cruz UnifiedAPCD. (ii) SanBenito CountyAPCD. (4) NorthCoastIntrastate: (i) HumboldtCountyAPCD. (ii) Mendocino CountyAPCD. (iii) SiskiyouCountyAPCD. * (5) NortheastPlateau Intrastate: (1) LassenCountyAPCD. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 105-WEDNESDAY, MAY 31, 1972

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