Use of Indexing to 

Update U.S. Annual 

Timber Harvest by State

James L. Howard

Enrique Quevedo

Andrew Kramp

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Forest

Products

Laboratory

Research

Paper

FPL–RP–653
February 2009

Howard, James L.; Quevedo, Enrique; Kramp, Andrew. 2009. Use of 

indexing to update United States annual timber harvest by state. Research 

Paper FPL-RP-653. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest 

Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 30 p.

A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the 

public from the Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, 

Madison, WI 53726–2398. This publication is also available online at 

www.fpl.fs.fed.us. Laboratory publications are sent to hundreds of libraries 

in the United States and elsewhere.

The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the 

University of Wisconsin. 

The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information 

and does not imply endorsement by the United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA) of any product or service.

The USDA prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the 

basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, 

sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part 

of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. 

(Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities 

who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET 

Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence 

Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250–9410, or call (800) 795–3272 

(voice) or (202) 720–6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider 

and employer.

Abstract

This report provides an index method that can be used 

to update recent estimates of timber harvest by state to 

a common current year and to make 5-year projections. 

The Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) 

program makes estimates of harvest for each state in 

differing years. The purpose of this updating method is 

to bring each state-level estimate up to a common current 

year. For each state, each of several components of harvest 

is updated to the current year. Estimate outputs are based 

on inputs from established models such as Timber Cut 

(TCUT) and historical wood products production data 

collected and compiled by the Forest Inventory and Analysis 

(FIA) program and the U.S. Forest Service Forest Products 

Laboratory. Because annual harvest data by state are not 

generally available for each year, the development of this 

indexing procedure based on national- and state-level 

primary product production data is needed to update U.S. 

annual timber harvest by state and region. This procedure 

is also needed for reporting annual harvest statistics and 

forecasts to the United Nations Economic Commission 

for Europe (UNECE) and the Food and Agriculture 

Organization (FAO). This paper reports the results in the 

development of historical and projected estimates of timber 

harvest. This new system of harvest estimation and index 

development is termed the harvest estimation system.

Keywords: timber harvest index, forest products, FIA, FPL

Contents

Page

Introduction..........................................................................1

Methods................................................................................1

 Updating Estimates of Timber Harvested for 

 Solidwood Products........................................................1

 Updating Special Product Harvest..................................3

 Application of Methods...................................................3

Projections............................................................................4

Index Verification.................................................................4

Conclusions..........................................................................4

References............................................................................4

Tables...................................................................................6

Conversion Factorsa

Saw logs 

 Softwood 0.18018 cubic foot = 1 board foot

5.55 board feet = 1 cubic foot

 Hardwood 0.16556 cubic foot = 1 board foot

6.04 board feet = 1 cubic foot

Veneer logs

 Softwood 0.17391 cubic foot = 1 board foot

 5.75 board feet = 1 cubic foot

 Hardwood 0.15873 cubic foot = 1 board foot

6.30 board feet = 1 cubic foot

Pulpwoodb

 Softwood 72.5 cubic feet per cord

 Hardwood 76.6 cubic feet per cord

a Conversion factors vary with stem size (d.b.h.), species, and

 region.

b Cubic feet of solid wood per cord.

 1 cubic foot = 0.028317 m3

 1 in. = 0.0254 m

 
Use of Indexing to Update United States 

Annual Timber Harvest by State

James L. Howard, Economist

Enrique Quevedo, Economics Assistant

Andrew Kramp, Economics Assistant

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to provide a method to update 

recent estimates of timber harvest by state to a common 

current year and make 5-year projections. This approach 

satisfies the need for a system to estimate annual state-level 

harvest because we do not have such a system for the United 

States. Currently, U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory 

Analysis (FIA) units conduct state-level surveys, in different years, of businesses that receive roundwood to make 

products and use this survey information to make state-level 

harvest estimates (Smith and others 2004). The indexing 

methods provided in this report will allow for state-level estimates, made in different years, to be updated to a common 

recent year. Annual estimates of harvest are needed for each 

state to complement state-level FIA estimates of timber inventory. Such harvest estimates can now be provided by the 

harvest estimation system (HES) explained in this report. 

This indexing method is intended to give estimates of the 

total volume of wood harvested in the United States to make 

forest products in the United States and to provide for wood 

exports (Table 1). The estimate is intended to correspond to 

“roundwood products harvested from all sources” reported 

in FIA forest resource reports (Smith and others 2004, 

table 39) and estimated 5-year projections of harvest based 

on the most recent in the Resource Planning Act (RPA) 

Timber Assessment reports (Haynes 2003, table 16).

In this analysis, “timber harvest” refers specifically to the 

total volume of wood removed from a forest site for the purposes of conversion to products or direct use by consumers 

from both growing stock and other sources. Growing stock 

is a classification of timber inventory that includes live trees 

of commercial species meeting specific standards of vigor 

and quality. Cull trees are excluded. When associated with 

volume, only trees 5 in. diameter at breast height (DBH) and 

larger are included. Other sources (not growing stock) include salvageable dead trees, rough and rotten trees, trees of 

non-commercial species, trees less than 5 in. DBH, tops, and 

roundwood harvested from non-forest land (for example, 

fence rows).

Timber harvest estimates include saw and veneer logs for 

domestic processing; logs of all types for export; logs for 

conversion to miscellaneous products (for example, posts, 

poles, pilings, shingles); pulpwood and logs for use in pulping and reconstituted panels; and fuelwood. Estimates do 

not include timber cut but not removed from the site for use, 

timber excluded from inventory accounting because of a 

change in land-use designation, or logging residues. Harvest 

estimates are for volumes harvested arising from any forest 

land, not just timberland (Adams and others 2006). Forest 

land is at least 10% stocked by forest trees of any size, including land that formerly had such tree cover and that will 

be naturally or artificially regenerated, and includes transition zones and afforested areas. Timberland is defined as 

forest land that is producing or capable of producing crops 

of industrial wood in excess of 20 ft3 per acre per year and 

not withdrawn from timber use by statute or administrative 

regulation.

Methods are presented separately to update state-level estimates of harvest of sawlogs, including exported logs; veneer 

logs, including exported logs; wood for composite panel 

products; pulpwood for pulp production and export; fuelwood; and miscellaneous products. 

Methods

The objective of our methods is to update state-level estimates of harvest for each of 12 timber products shown in 

Table 1 and to provide 5-year projections. Updated methods 

are explained separately for each of four categories of timber products shown in Table 1. 

The state-level estimates of annual timber product output 

needing updating are obtained from the most recent FIA 

state-level timber product output surveys. For the purpose of 

this paper and later estimates, we begin with state-level timber product output (TPO) estimates from Johnson (2001). 

The base year of TPO data input into HES is noted in 

table 1.5 of Johnson (2001). In HES, some state timber 

product output volumes were estimated for 1996 when survey data were not available. The selection of 1996 as the 

base year was driven by the existence of comprehensive 

state-level data required to establish the base year.

Updating Estimates of Timber Harvested for 

Solidwood Products

Harvest of each of the 12 timber products in Table 1 is 

updated for a given state by multiplying the recent harvest 

level for a given year by a regional harvest growth rate for 

year i to bring the harvest level estimate up to current year t.

A regional harvest index is developed for each of eight 

regions. These regions are the same as the RPA Timber 
Research Paper FPL–RP–653

2

Assessment regions employed in the Forest Service’s 

10-year Renewable Resource Assessments with one 

exception (Table 2) (Haynes 2003). The single difference 

is in forming the Pacific Northwest region where eastern 

Washington and Oregon were combined with western Washington and Oregon. 

HPSt = (HINDEXPRt / HINDEXPRi ) × HPSi (1)

where 

P is the timber product (products 1 to 12 in 

 Table 1)

R region where state is located

S state 

i year for which harvest estimate is 

 available

t year for updated estimate of harvest 

HPSi estimated harvest of timber product P in 

 state S for year i in cubic feet

HPSt estimated harvest of timber product P in 

 state S for year t in cubic feet 

HINDEXPRi value of harvest index for timber product 

P in region R for year i (for base year 

1996, the index equals 100)

HINDEXPRt value of harvest index for timber product 

P in region R for year t (for base year 

1996, the index equals 100)

The harvest index for a given year, product, and region is 

developed by making actual estimates of harvest for each 

timber product and region, then converting these harvest 

estimates to an index where 1996 = 100. The estimates of 

timber product harvest by region are made by, first, estimating the wood harvest needed to make each of one or more 

primary products (e.g., sawlogs needed for lumber) and 

second, adding on the amount of the timber product that is 

exported (if needed).

HINDEXPRt = HestPRt /HestPR1996 (2)

HestPRt = PPRPt × CFRPt + ExportPRt (3)

where

HestPRt is estimated harvest of timber product P in 

 region R in year t in cubic feet

PPRPt a vector of the amounts of primary products made in region R from timber product 

P in year t (The primary products made 

from each timber product are shown in 

Table 1. Amount units vary by primary 

product, e.g., thousand board feet for 

lumber).

CFRPt a vector of factors to convert amount of 

primary product produced into the amount 

of timber product input required (Units are 

cubic feet timber product input per unit of 

primary product output.)

ExportPRt amount of timber product P exported from 

region R in year t in cubic feet

The indexes allow updating of state-level timber product 

harvest to a current year (and each individual year) because 

estimates of primary product production are available each 

year and for more recent years than the FIA state-level TPO 

estimates.

In making and using the indexes (Tables 3–18), we assumed that the state-level estimates of timber products 

harvest (based on FIA surveys) that are being updated 

include amounts of exported timber products. Currently, 

in excess of 10 million ft3 of logs are shipped internationally each year and must be accounted for in the estimation. 

Otherwise, domestic harvest would be underestimated if the 

exported amount is not accounted for. National-level export 

estimates are assigned to regions using regional proportions 

developed from U.S. Department of Commerce trade data 

(1958–2002).

The Timber Cut (TCUT) spreadsheet model (Adams and 

others 2006) is used as a basis for estimating timber product 

harvest by region and year. Our model, the HES, uses the 

TCUT framework and the following levels of spreadsheets 

to create the regional timber product harvest indexes and 

state-level estimates.

First Level

This level contains annual national primary product production data. The primary products are noted in Table 1. Data 

are updated to a current year using Forest Service and industry summary reports based on government and industry 

surveys. These data are both regional and national 

(Howard 2007).

Second Level

This level contains historical regional TPO data as well 

as annual national primary product production data from 

the first level. The national primary product data are disaggregated to the eight regions using historical regional 

proportions for the primary products noted in Table 1 

when regional TPO data are unavailable. 

Third Level

Primary product production amounts by region are converted to the amount of timber product harvest required to 

make them using conversion factors from the TCUT model 

(Adams and others 2006) and updated to the current year. It 

is assumed that products produced in a region use wood harvested in the region and that the amount of imported timber 

products used to make primary products is small. Estimates 

of wood imports are included at this level.

Fourth Level

Estimates of regional timber product harvest are displayed 

in regional tables, with each regional table containing columns for each timber product. Regional harvest amount 
Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

3

estimates are shown from 1950 to the current year. Regional 

growth rates of harvest are computed year to year for each 

timber product. Interpolation is done to estimate amounts 

for years when data is missing. 

Fifth Level

Estimates of timber harvest are shown for each state by year, 

where the regional timber harvest growth rate for each TPO 

product (such as sawlogs) has been used to update statelevel estimates for each TPO product category to the current 

year. See the resulting estimate of harvest by state in 

Table 19. This approach employs an implicit weighting 

scheme because it uses that state’s roundwood harvest for 

a particular TPO product, multiplied by the particular TPO 

product’s annual regional growth rate, positive or negative, 

in the region where the state is located for that particular 

product. As a result, each state receives the proportional 

harvest amount the next year depending on that state’s prior 

year harvest amount. The state-level estimate is computed 

only when state-level TPO data are unavailable. When statelevel TPO data are available, the system uses the known 

harvest volume. All known state-level TPO data are input in 

this fifth level. 

Sixth Level

Indexes are displayed for each timber product and region, 

where estimates of timber product harvest by region and 

year are converted to an index where 1996 = 100. The state 

and regional indexes are the same for any state and the associated region because the regional index in 1996, the base 

year, is computed from the aggregation of state-level harvest 

for each state in the region containing those states. 

Figure 1 depicts the hierarchy of the files input into the 

HES. Each level depends on data from files in the level below it to carry out its calculations. The results of the calculations are handed off to the file(s) in the level above it.

Updating Special Product Harvest

Pulpwood and fuelwood are the only two products without 

a distinct primary and secondary product. Pulpwood is input 

into HES as mill receipts, then updated to the current year. 

Timber Products Output fuelwood estimates are derived 

from U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) estimates that use 

wood use per heating degree day ratios to interpolate between DOE survey years. In both cases, regional harvest 

indexes are developed and updated.

Application of Methods

State-level estimates of harvest are derived in the selected 

year for each of the TPO product categories shown in 

Table 1. The method used to derive miscellaneous products 

harvest indexes are the same as for the products in the solid 

wood category, although miscellaneous is listed as a 

separate product. This is because miscellaneous products 

have a distinct primary and secondary product, unlike fuelwood or pulpwood.

Example of Updating Timber Product Harvest for 

a State

The HINDEXPRt values are determined by taking the state 

harvest volume for each TPO product in a given year, dividing by the 1996 (base year) harvest level, then multiplying 

by 100.

 HINDEXPRt = (HVPRt /BYPRt) × 100 (4) 

where

HVPRt is the harvest volume for TPO product P in 

 region R in year t = 2005 

BYPRt the harvest volume for TPO product P in 

 region R in year t = 1996

Recall from Equation (1) that

 HPS2005 = (HINDEX2005 /HINDEX1996) × HPS1996

For softwood sawlogs in the Northeast, we have 

HINDEXPR2005 = 131.5 

(see Table 7 for Northeast/softwood)

HINDEXPR1996 = 100

For Connecticut softwood sawlogs, we have

Hsawlogs_ct_2005 = (HINDEXsawlogs_NE_2005/HINDEXsL_N_1996) 

 × Hsawlogs_CT_1996 

 = (131.5/100) × 3302 = 4343

The index of 131.5 when multiplied by the TPO estimate 

of softwood sawlog harvest in 1996 will yield the softwood 

sawlog harvest estimate for 2005, as shown in Tables 20 

and 21. 

Updating Timber Product Harvest for all States—

Totals Shown by Region

The regional index series and the state-level index series are 

the same for any TPO product, region, and year. 

For softwood sawlogs in the Northeast in 2005 (Table 7), 

HINDEXPRt = 131.5

Using Equation (4) to estimate sawlog harvest for the Northeast in 2005, we have

HVPR2005 = (HINDEXPR2005 × BYpnortheast1996)/100 

 = (131.5 × 259,284)/100 = 341,043

The index of 131.5 when multiplied by the regional volume 

in the base year (Table 21a for 1996) yields the harvest estimate in 2005 for softwood sawlogs shown in Table 21b. 
4

Once the regional harvest index is derived by TPO product, 

region, and year, that index can be used to make TPO estimates of state harvest in a given year and move it into the 

future by multiplying by the regional index for that future 

year. Harvest indexes for each region and TPO product are 

shown in Tables 3–18. These indexes were used to take 

1996 state-level TPO estimates from Johnson (2001) and 

move them to 2005. Results for state and national estimates 

for 2005 are shown in Tables 19 and 22. 

Projections

The HES model has been used to project national harvest 

by TPO product (Table 23). This is done using the projected 

harvest growth rates from Haynes (2003, table 16) to project 

growth in TPO product harvest in HES starting in 2005. 

When comparing the projections from HES to existing RPA 

harvest projections, the projections from HES tracks existing RPA timber harvest projections over the 5-year projection period consistently varying by less than 5% of U.S. 

harvest in year 2010. 

Index Verification

The question of how well the estimated index tracks actual 

harvest in a state or region can best be judged through verification or the comparison of actual harvest in a particular 

state or region to the estimated harvest based generated by 

the index over time. The Southern region, which includes 

the Southeast and South Central regions of the United 

States, produces roughly 65% of the Nation’s roundwood 

harvest. The comparison of actual TPO harvest and the 

estimated harvest based on the index for Alabama in the 

South Central region are contained in Tables 24–26. The 

comparison of actual and predicted values for the year 2005 

shows that the HES system estimates for timber product 

output are within an average of 6% of actual value by product category. The comparison of actual TPO for Georgia in 

the Southeast region to estimates of TPO produced by HES 

again shows that estimates are within an average of 6% of 

actual TPO. In the North Central region, actual compared 

with predicted harvest values for 2003 are within an average 

of 2% by product category. 

Conclusions

This work to produce annual TPO harvest indexes was 

accomplished by merging three separate harvest estimation 

systems or approaches. The Forest Products Laboratory system for estimating roundwood equivalent of primary product production, the Adams and Haynes TCUT system, 

and the historical TPO survey approach. Merging these 

three systems resulted in a new six-level harvest 

estimation system, HES. The output of the HES system is 

harvest indexes (Tables 3–18). These indexes can be used to 

update state-level TPO/FIA data to a recent year. The methods and indexes provide are intended to be used to 

update timber product output estimates when TPO/FIA survey results are not available.

The basic approach to state harvest estimation is to use 

national data of product output volumes compiled from 

government agencies and industry trade association reports, 

along with available FIA regional or state harvest data and 

convert them to their regional roundwood or logs equivalents, then apportion these regional volumes to states using 

that state roundwood production and regional growth rates. 

This effort helps accomplish the goal set forward in the 

1998 Farm Bill (USDA 2007) to develop an annualized 

forest inventory so users can have current data for their 

planning and decision making processes. The production 

of harvest indexes used to estimate future harvest helps 

accomplish RPA national timber assessment objectives. A 

total of 15 product categories enter into the computation and 

estimation of harvest (Table 21). They are equated by the 

use of product recovery rates, which differ for each of the 

15 solid wood product classes. The product recovery rates 

also change over time to reflect the change in the timber resource characteristics. The outputs for this work will also be 

displayed in table form equivalent to historical TPO outputs 

(Table 22). The model is also capable of projecting future 

harvest totals out to the year 2010, as shown in 

Table 23. 

References

Adams, D.A.; Haynes, R.W.; Daigneault, A.J. 2006. Estimated timber harvest by U.S. region and ownership, 1950–

2002. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW–GTR–659. Portland, OR: U.S. 

Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.

Haynes, R.W. 2007. Developing and using composite indices to describe broadscale trends in forest management. Forest Policy and Economics 9(5): 440–451.

Haynes, R.W. 2003. An analysis of the timber situation 

in the United States: 1952–2050. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW–

GTR–560. Portland Oregon: U.S. Forest Service, Pacific 

Northwest Research Station. 254 p.

Howard, J.L. 2007. U.S. timber production, trade, 

consumption, and price statistics 1965 to 2005. Res. Pap. 

FPL–RP–637. Madison, WI: U.S. Forest Service, Forest 

Products Laboratory. 91 p.

Howard, J.L. 2005. Estimation of U.S. timber harvest using 

roundwood equivalents. United States Department of 

Agriculture Forest Service. In: Proceedings of the Sixth 

Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium. Gen. 

Tech. Report. WO–70. 

Johnson, Tony G. 2001. United States timber industry—an 

assesment of timber product output and use, 1996: U.S. 

Forest Service, Asheville, N.C.

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
5

Smith, W.B, J.S. Vissage, D.R. Darr, and R.M. Sheffield. 

2001. Forest resources of the United States, 1997. Gen. 

Tech. Rep. NC–219. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Forest Service, 

North Central Research Station. 190 p.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2007. Farm bill proposals. 

Title VIII: Forestry. www.USDA.gov/wps/portal/forestry.

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1958–2002. Lumber 

production and mill stocks. Curr. Ind. Rep. Ser. 

MA-321T(02)-1. Washington, D.C. Annual.

Waddell, K.L., D.D. Oswald, and D.S. Powell. 1989. 

Forest statistics of the United States, 1987. Resource Bulletin PNW–168. Portland, OR: U.S. Forest Service, Pacific 

Northwest Research Station. 106 p.

Figure 1. Hierarchy of files used in the harvest estimation system. Each level depends 

on data from files in the level below it to carry out its calculations. The results of the 

calculations are handed off to the file(s) in the level above it. (Excel is a trademark of 

Microsoft Corp., Redmond, Washington.)
6

Table 1Timber products by category with primary products produced and exports includeda

Timber product 

category Timber product Primary products Exports

1. Hardwood sawlogs Hardwood lumber pallets Hardwood logs 

2. Softwood sawlogs Softwood lumber Softwood logs 

3. Hardwood veneer logs Hardwood veneer 

Hardwood plywood 

Hardwood logs 

4. Softwood veneer logs Softwood plywood 

Laminated veneer lumber 

Softwood logs 

5. Hardwood used for 

composite panels 

Timber for solidwood 

products

6. Softwood use for 

composite panels 

Oriented strandboard 

Particleboard

Hardboard

Medium-density fiberboard 

Insulating board 

Pulpwood 7. Hardwood pulpwood Hardwood pulpwood 

8. Softwood pulpwood 

Hard- and softwood pulpwood 

Softwood pulpwood 

9. Hardwood to make 

miscellaneous products 

Miscellaneous

products

10. Softwood to make 

miscellaneous products 

Post, poles, and pilings 

Fuelwood 11. Hardwood fuelwood 

12. Softwood fuelwood 

Hard- and softwood fuelwood 

a

 Primary products are made directly from the timber product, and exports are included in timber product. 

Table 2—Timber harvest regions 

Area States 

Pacific Northwest Washington, Oregon 

Pacific Southwest California 

Rocky Mountain South Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming 

Rocky Mountain North Idaho, Montana 

North Central North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, 

Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio 

South Central Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, 

Tennessee, Kentucky 

Southeast Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia 

Northeast West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland, Delaware, 

New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New 

Hampshire, Vermont, Maine 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
7

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

Table 3—Softwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), Pacific Northwest 

Year Sawlogs Veneer logs Pulpwood Fuelwood 

Misc. 

products

1965 79.70 113.68 — 9.68 113.41 

1966 77.24 110.03 — 9.83 125.01 

1967 76.41 107.49 — 10.22 121.29 

1968 81.68 130.52 — 10.67 126.11 

1969 76.73 116.43 — 10.83 163.57 

1970 76.37 121.30 — 12.95 185.94 

1971 79.19 132.65 — 12.13 171.52 

1972 88.55 157.09 — 12.28 149.34 

1973 90.06 159.96 — 11.47 141.63 

1974 79.91 136.62 — 12.40 123.78 

1975 78.46 134.97 — 11.69 111.50 

1976 86.00 166.59 — 11.24 109.66 

1977 90.17 164.39 — 10.78 106.79 

1978 95.34 175.76 — 28.39 103.92 

1979 95.92 175.28 78.59 62.45 103.08 

1980 78.89 140.93 66.06 124.75 100.16 

1981 74.06 124.99 46.67 137.45 97.23 

1982 73.94 125.05 46.85 155.26 95.38 

1983 102.40 162.85 42.63 157.56 92.86 

1984 106.16 163.81 52.14 180.07 90.24 

1985 106.31 167.60 79.58 180.38 89.08 

1986 120.71 186.79 85.78 194.53 86.27 

1987 134.96 196.34 97.56 161.25 98.50 

1988 135.35 193.68 95.24 159.70 99.78 

1989 131.93 165.84 144.82 171.09 114.53 

1990 116.68 145.83 126.60 174.15 120.43 

1991 105.51 123.20 118.49 179.53 122.19 

1992 103.28 116.80 104.67 146.58 115.62 

1993 94.29 104.92 98.99 127.24 106.74 

1994 95.24 101.31 103.92 114.67 106.16 

1995 95.52 101.54 118.84 112.25 107.38 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 100.19 85.65 102.04 87.33 96.01 

1998 98.97 83.04 120.23 96.21 88.30 

1999 102.60 85.29 100.22 94.65 85.84 

2000 102.53 87.74 101.63 93.33 85.98 

2001 104.37 80.53 78.73 92.13 146.34 

2002 118.42 68.56 60.60 109.15 24.50 

2003 120.59 89.60 48.36 130.51 28.76 

2004 131.31 97.66 53.29 134.75 31.43 

2005 131.95 95.52 54.49 135.17 30.96 

2006 131.95 95.52 54.49 135.17 30.96 

2007 132.41 91.85 55.00 130.50 31.25 

2008 132.68 88.13 55.11 125.08 31.61 

2009 132.96 84.33 54.39 119.65 32.00 

2010 132.56 80.15 53.49 113.86 32.46 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 
8

Table 4—Hardwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), 

Pacific Northwest 

Year Sawlogs 

Veneer

logs Pulpwood Fuelwood 

1965 10.43 20.39 5.02 1.84 

1966 14.46 19.13 5.16 2.17 

1967 13.99 23.18 4.34 2.58 

1968 14.85 25.44 8.02 3.03 

1969 12.07 22.06 8.47 3.39 

1970 9.83 23.03 9.06 4.56 

1971 11.32 28.95 7.73 4.48 

1972 11.00 30.68 9.04 4.62 

1973 12.43 27.67 14.35 4.39 

1974 14.99 22.61 21.84 4.86 

1975 12.10 16.19 18.15 4.66 

1976 15.74 16.79 27.61 4.57 

1977 15.78 19.09 24.37 -1.43 

1978 16.94 18.03 20.95 5.94 

1979 17.65 17.01 24.67 17.43 

1980 27.32 17.82 26.02 33.65 

1981 26.17 17.72 24.71 49.88 

1982 36.42 32.31 23.44 112.90 

1983 27.41 33.86 17.08 127.12 

1984 27.89 35.10 33.80 161.58 

1985 27.62 31.58 35.12 173.26 

1986 37.63 33.14 35.91 199.76 

1987 41.00 37.57 38.66 167.52 

1988 47.85 40.47 44.66 161.68 

1989 55.18 61.10 35.26 152.29 

1990 64.27 79.19 96.56 150.62 

1991 72.74 101.34 125.08 192.48 

1992 74.10 88.30 132.09 154.62 

1993 97.88 86.39 108.19 131.59 

1994 97.25 104.36 119.51 115.94 

1995 97.11 103.25 116.34 115.38 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 102.54 106.03 96.30 100.34 

1998 89.70 111.73 108.01 104.42 

1999 100.58 115.14 103.00 115.07 

2000 104.79 133.09 93.82 125.93 

2001 101.17 124.77 77.65 136.91 

2002 101.38 126.16 76.88 138.76 

2003 92.76 124.66 64.35 138.30 

2004 100.91 126.33 74.00 140.58 

2005 97.83 123.40 75.20 141.49 

2006 97.83 123.40 75.20 141.49 

2007 102.82 129.63 78.27 141.24 

2008 108.23 136.25 79.93 139.67 

2009 114.21 144.17 81.55 137.64 

2010 119.47 152.63 83.21 134.76 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
9

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

Table 5—Softwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), Southeast 

Year Sawlogs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composites Fuelwood 

Misc. 

products

1965 40.57 0.00 72.21 — 121.46 98.50 

1966 40.53 0.75 73.67 — 119.69 93.57 

1967 39.66 2.63 72.24 — 120.60 80.39 

1968 39.94 8.22 73.56 — 122.09 72.35 

1969 38.72 11.12 78.75 — 120.19 75.50 

1970 39.71 16.48 83.39 — 138.05 71.02 

1971 43.78 20.42 75.94 — 138.09 69.14 

1972 44.36 28.76 78.55 — 150.66 63.13 

1973 44.05 32.06 80.86 — 149.63 63.44 

1974 41.18 29.30 81.61 — 175.28 58.21 

1975 41.31 31.85 71.49 — 175.21 55.27 

1976 45.34 41.20 73.88 — 178.90 58.00 

1977 49.07 48.70 76.67 — 149.73 59.73 

1978 51.54 52.82 78.48 — 233.80 61.46 

1979 55.07 53.09 81.15 — 329.31 64.61 

1980 52.65 47.79 84.13 — 433.83 66.37 

1981 53.72 65.91 84.70 — 391.73 68.14 

1982 54.42 70.03 83.88 — 354.06 70.81 

1983 68.80 85.20 84.75 — 292.80 72.98 

1984 70.85 89.59 87.62 — 252.27 75.12 

1985 71.57 89.41 84.35 — 193.17 78.74 

1986 75.81 86.97 89.78 10.57 142.19 80.84 

1987 80.48 90.41 96.16 14.25 123.29 108.67 

1988 83.92 91.60 92.95 14.39 122.10 122.28 

1989 83.34 83.50 91.19 21.20 130.81 157.09 

1990 86.36 88.08 99.89 28.13 133.14 179.16 

1991 79.67 73.83 103.94 34.99 207.36 194.09 

1992 96.45 93.46 105.43 33.79 168.86 167.88 

1993 93.64 93.18 101.55 55.02 146.12 142.35 

1994 95.55 89.68 102.71 68.75 131.23 128.22 

1995 94.70 107.40 108.05 71.36 111.95 117.30 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 105.40 98.10 105.60 109.88 86.91 99.98 

1998 106.03 96.14 104.94 111.10 95.29 95.64 

1999 108.05 94.41 94.58 110.41 93.28 96.60 

2000 103.83 92.71 97.65 123.76 91.50 100.42 

2001 103.73 85.11 96.93 122.40 89.85 177.22 

2002 123.33 88.26 96.16 126.50 82.75 175.56 

2003 92.40 91.63 95.44 223.54 49.79 128.04 

2004 98.65 91.39 97.10 234.69 50.61 128.04 

2005 102.50 89.22 92.12 245.71 50.94 128.04 

2006 102.70 89.22 90.92 245.71 50.94 128.04 

2007 105.80 88.88 91.37 290.78 47.65 131.19 

2008 109.00 88.33 91.71 336.04 44.77 134.38 

2009 112.38 87.78 92.22 388.47 42.54 137.53 

2010 115.76 87.31 92.52 434.98 40.99 140.74 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 
10

Table 6—Hardwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), Southeast 

Year Sawlogs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composites Fuelwood 

Misc. 

products

1965 77.09 137.29 27.52 0.91 26.48 31.97 

1966 82.20 142.80 29.17 0.92 27.86 32.39 

1967 78.74 133.27 30.90 0.92 30.01 30.28 

1968 74.00 109.10 34.42 1.40 32.43 31.77 

1969 71.11 138.99 38.65 2.58 33.91 39.31 

1970 71.19 122.53 38.30 2.96 42.18 45.63 

1971 70.03 133.71 36.92 4.51 43.79 38.13 

1972 70.25 141.74 40.03 7.10 47.91 30.15 

1973 74.87 127.84 42.95 8.24 47.69 25.28 

1974 69.27 104.39 41.63 6.85 56.01 19.55 

1975 59.60 93.65 35.81 5.73 56.09 15.15 

1976 65.98 68.61 43.47 9.38 57.36 11.68 

1977 66.83 122.23 46.57 11.42 68.30 15.33 

1978 72.83 120.80 50.44 11.53 86.03 19.41 

1979 84.80 111.16 46.55 11.19 95.19 22.91 

1980 81.73 98.50 48.60 10.45 102.83 27.72 

1981 69.16 85.47 54.11 10.40 104.10 32.97 

1982 63.09 98.07 53.88 9.10 134.98 37.85 

1983 84.94 100.91 61.01 12.88 122.19 43.51 

1984 91.41 109.96 62.05 — 121.05 49.61 

1985 90.48 99.85 62.60 — 107.99 54.64 

1986 94.49 103.34 69.58 10.77 101.59 61.49 

1987 96.88 114.89 67.05 14.81 87.82 87.11 

1988 102.26 118.40 72.68 17.31 88.43 134.71 

1989 102.78 97.75 70.42 25.79 86.75 190.15 

1990 97.68 76.91 73.04 30.66 89.81 229.65 

1991 87.19 62.67 78.26 34.60 123.68 259.13 

1992 90.44 57.62 81.74 33.13 107.59 253.99 

1993 94.40 79.81 95.81 56.93 100.06 227.94 

1994 96.61 100.96 94.66 71.40 96.76 157.12 

1995 99.04 103.14 111.30 69.89 104.84 130.45 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 101.93 105.40 99.83 110.31 85.20 102.79 

1998 105.38 110.49 92.60 111.77 76.28 100.83 

1999 115.03 113.62 93.07 110.91 73.04 104.21 

2000 112.28 129.52 92.95 124.79 69.99 110.64 

2001 110.29 120.57 97.13 123.93 67.03 39.24 

2002 109.34 120.87 93.14 127.69 60.13 39.61 

2003 101.60 86.53 72.32 67.44 52.77 50.82 

2004 109.52 86.90 75.33 70.73 53.64 50.82 

2005 107.60 86.02 76.18 74.16 53.99 50.82 

2006 107.60 86.02 75.08 74.16 53.99 50.82 

2007 108.65 86.09 75.78 97.65 52.24 55.32 

2008 109.43 85.86 76.47 117.19 50.49 60.15 

2009 110.29 86.00 77.16 140.40 48.99 65.38 

2010 111.00 86.02 77.55 158.45 47.60 70.99 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES).

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
11

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

Table 7—Softwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), Northeast 

Year Sawlogs Veneer Pulpwood Composites Fuelwood 

Misc. 

products

1965 32.60 — 66.30 — — 172.16

1966 32.84 — 71.03 — — 174.30

1967 35.38 — 84.23 — — 158.48

1968 32.79 — 91.89 — — 153.31

1969 41.79 — 90.70 — — 179.54

1970 42.13 — 100.24 — — 188.29

1971 41.80 — 93.22 — — 169.34

1972 47.23 — 86.47 — — 143.87

1973 50.46 — 100.67 — — 132.06

1974 49.67 — 104.69 — — 111.97

1975 46.29 — 96.78 — — 97.26

1976 53.39 — 103.92 — — 91.07

1977 51.14 — 101.89 — — 93.94

1978 60.09 — 106.26 — — 96.81

1979 63.59 — 110.28 — 15.74 101.93 

1980 54.91 — 119.05 — 71.57 104.86 

1981 51.85 — 131.78 — 94.65 107.79 

1982 56.88 — 117.35 — 123.69 112.15 

1983 67.95 — 113.31 — 137.84 115.74 

1984 68.16 — 95.66 — 173.51 119.26 

1985 69.55 — 115.31 — 162.76 125.15 

1986 71.85 — 113.24 — 184.38 128.61 

1987 78.18 — 107.63 — 154.41 144.88 

1988 82.82 — 111.94 — 152.92 145.29 

1989 98.24 — 112.53 — 163.78 164.78 

1990 95.66 — 94.82 58.69 166.70 171.62 

1991 88.82 — 109.39 57.68 191.41 172.67 

1992 95.40 — 105.95 65.41 157.49 152.19 

1993 86.73 — 114.15 66.87 137.95 131.59 

1994 90.82 102.92 111.62 69.15 125.58 121.49 

1995 101.70 107.03 99.79 70.75 108.42 114.28 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 113.20 108.91 100.67 117.02 88.44 95.69 

1998 103.92 92.40 95.68 128.96 98.70 87.70 

1999 114.41 97.43 88.73 134.34 98.38 84.96 

2000 124.94 106.88 85.06 137.04 98.29 84.80 

2001 115.07 112.06 73.59 127.90 98.33 143.82 

2002 123.47 104.38 58.61 138.21 92.29 142.47 

2003 125.45 100.47 53.48 134.76 91.99 89.11 

2004 129.90 97.19 61.76 144.42 93.50 89.11 

2005 131.53 92.33 62.46 148.36 94.11 89.11 

2006 131.53 92.33 62.46 148.36 94.11 89.11 

2007 135.25 91.77 60.80 184.61 92.66 88.94 

2008 139.22 91.41 59.60 229.85 90.34 88.64 

2009 143.37 92.69 57.94 286.32 87.74 88.15 

2010 147.62 90.18 56.29 354.68 84.61 87.54 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES).
12

Table 8—Hardwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), Northeast 

Year Sawlogs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composites Fuelwood 

Misc. 

products

1965 45.25 130.27 30.97 — 13.08 16.99 

1966 47.00 126.82 34.58 — 12.15 16.53 

1967 46.49 105.14 36.37 — 11.44 14.94 

1968 45.02 119.74 38.19 — 10.74 15.03 

1969 45.99 109.83 41.48 — 9.76 17.61 

1970 42.61 96.65 45.28 — 9.95 19.49 

1971 43.41 98.82 42.48 — 10.08 18.02 

1972 47.42 106.01 40.73 — 10.76 15.69 

1973 49.36 96.02 52.61 — 10.51 14.95 

1974 46.64 78.61 54.56 — 12.05 13.03 

1975 42.65 63.61 46.91 — 11.87 11.68 

1976 48.25 70.35 46.64 — 11.95 10.80 

1977 50.02 63.20 48.72 — 20.74 11.12 

1978 51.55 67.45 56.63 — 37.93 11.37 

1979 56.46 63.37 58.28 — 54.46 11.20 

1980 56.09 56.27 61.08 — 74.12 11.33 

1981 47.56 54.85 65.10 — 90.85 11.39 

1982 58.12 95.42 63.22 — 159.70 11.21 

1983 59.32 119.69 66.87 11.00 166.38 11.08 

1984 67.84 109.08 59.09 16.38 195.70 10.90 

1985 61.67 97.53 87.21 23.93 199.68 10.45 

1986 80.49 102.09 93.21 23.84 217.56 10.18 

1987 82.75 112.46 86.89 23.89 182.26 9.43 

1988 86.04 114.51 89.48 23.46 178.92 9.51 

1989 88.52 93.27 93.21 25.27 170.79 9.41 

1990 91.60 74.28 85.06 29.28 172.20 8.64 

1991 87.70 60.88 85.86 25.08 227.24 7.66 

1992 88.88 56.37 98.26 42.67 179.86 52.33 

1993 95.36 79.00 101.07 44.71 150.19 91.50 

1994 94.82 101.15 104.90 47.17 123.79 78.28 

1995 102.91 103.57 107.34 58.81 116.15 95.51 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 105.21 106.18 107.48 113.54 98.35 96.37 

1998 108.90 111.35 108.47 119.52 100.73 88.96 

1999 110.95 115.32 101.46 127.95 109.55 86.81 

2000 113.08 135.21 99.95 128.70 118.58 87.29 

2001 107.39 127.20 89.42 128.77 127.74 29.40 

2002 107.18 129.38 79.58 128.28 128.43 29.68 

2003 98.17 127.97 76.47 129.45 128.01 92.41 

2004 106.80 129.70 78.59 135.85 130.12 92.41 

2005 102.63 125.58 80.54 142.12 130.97 92.41 

2006 102.63 125.58 80.54 142.12 130.97 92.41 

2007 104.88 125.01 80.91 155.41 129.19 101.58 

2008 106.71 124.95 81.77 168.36 126.51 112.17 

2009 109.12 125.53 81.53 180.68 123.67 124.58 

2010 110.58 125.90 81.05 194.51 120.27 139.10 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
13

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

Table 9—Softwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), North Central 

Year Sawlogs Veneer Pulpwood Composites Fuelwood

Misc. 

products

1965 54.55 488.20 63.15 1.27 0.60 154.03 

1966 55.64 488.20 73.13 1.54 0.57 147.15 

1967 57.42 488.20 62.47 1.94 0.54 127.09 

1968 55.43 488.20 56.30 2.24 0.52 115.19 

1969 66.01 488.20 61.38 5.05 0.49 121.67 

1970 67.98 488.20 67.17 4.44 0.52 115.88 

1971 65.55 330.09 61.93 4.47 0.50 121.54 

1972 70.56 165.05 57.72 6.65 0.52 117.42 

1973 78.84 165.05 54.86 7.62 0.50 125.49 

1974 76.70 165.05 63.62 6.83 0.55 120.46 

1975 75.13 165.05 59.71 5.43 0.53 119.50 

1976 74.31 165.05 67.97 6.80 0.53 131.66 

1977 85.61 165.05 63.52 8.22 0.65 136.50 

1978 96.51 165.05 75.17 11.37 6.04 141.34 

1979 95.37 165.05 79.11 10.68 22.92 149.51 

1980 77.60 165.05 74.27 10.20 64.22 154.46 

1981 59.65 160.24 76.85 17.70 77.97 159.41 

1982 50.47 80.12 75.77 18.97 95.68 166.49 

1983 65.04 80.12 65.80 38.23 102.71 172.42 

1984 63.20 80.12 59.12 42.29 124.62 178.26 

1985 73.92 80.12 65.81 47.65 129.91 187.68 

1986 95.76 80.12 77.22 51.21 145.84 193.46 

1987 108.69 80.12 74.52 50.74 120.10 185.62 

1988 103.02 80.12 86.14 46.24 118.94 161.40 

1989 97.65 80.12 87.68 34.89 127.43 150.55 

1990 94.17 101.29 76.51 96.67 129.70 129.53 

1991 88.09 102.94 83.88 99.11 126.78 105.80 

1992 94.11 87.90 93.01 108.68 102.51 103.82 

1993 94.30 83.16 103.06 108.19 101.71 98.73 

1994 97.19 102.29 106.01 109.74 102.70 101.07 

1995 104.53 104.70 96.21 102.47 114.84 105.18 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 103.10 97.90 99.21 94.50 85.69 96.95 

1998 109.91 0.00 92.06 92.06 92.55 90.03 

1999 114.85 0.00 78.18 95.83 89.19 88.38 

2000 113.13 0.00 87.07 95.20 86.06 89.40 

2001 126.93 0.00 91.32 89.50 83.05 153.65 

2002 154.98 0.00 83.13 96.18 75.10 152.21 

2003 156.29 0.00 89.33 92.61 74.85 95.20 

2004 166.43 0.00 91.50 98.35 76.09 95.20 

2005 171.62 0.00 93.28 99.18 76.58 95.20 

2006 171.62 0.00 93.28 99.18 76.58 95.20 

2007 179.02 0.00 94.55 101.39 73.51 93.68 

2008 187.31 0.00 96.36 103.33 69.87 91.97 

2009 195.18 0.00 97.87 104.89 66.13 90.03 

2010 201.80 0.00 98.83 106.22 62.13 87.93 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 
14

Table 10—Hardwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), North 

Central

Year Sawlogs 

Veneer

logs

Pulpwood CompositesFuelwoodMisc. 

products

1965 47.99 158.21 24.78 — 27.97 96.93 

1966 48.83 168.25 29.85 — 27.31 96.46 

1967 49.10 133.40 27.66 — 27.24 88.90 

1968 46.62 170.63 23.41 — 27.29 91.67 

1969 47.43 146.13 29.07 — 26.59 110.90 

1970 46.45 139.55 22.42 — 30.09 126.31 

1971 47.63 111.86 33.27 — 31.49 116.25 

1972 46.93 118.89 33.03 — 34.71 100.85 

1973 51.64 107.27 35.92 — 34.74 95.73 

1974 47.32 87.63 47.69 — 41.09 83.16 

1975 44.42 106.24 34.25 — 41.34 74.25 

1976 49.76 79.88 40.93 — 42.47 68.43 

1977 53.87 64.90 40.16 — 54.01 78.12 

1978 55.98 73.13 38.89 — 73.46 88.41 

1979 55.76 97.31 44.63 — 86.72 95.69 

1980 53.89 91.21 38.45 — 100.06 107.02 

1981 45.44 85.53 45.37 — 107.75 118.95 

1982 61.12 124.72 38.42 — 155.25 129.06 

1983 72.17 108.58 59.16 31.72 148.68 141.02 

1984 82.61 112.17 59.76 36.99 158.67 153.68 

1985 77.70 101.25 79.64 48.16 150.96 162.89 

1986 80.61 105.06 106.60 50.00 153.83 176.75 

1987 85.22 116.39 99.04 51.93 132.65 172.99 

1988 91.39 118.40 97.46 66.44 133.12 187.98 

1989 95.31 97.20 94.63 75.42 130.19 201.53 

1990 98.32 76.95 102.77 78.90 134.12 200.06 

1991 92.51 62.73 106.43 72.92 181.62 192.50 

1992 90.44 57.76 106.24 102.41 145.83 197.94 

1993 99.40 80.71 104.75 105.68 128.95 186.58 

1994 102.05 101.59 109.89 107.57 118.09 134.53 

1995 102.32 103.35 103.47 101.46 117.63 120.97 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 101.99 104.75 101.86 97.71 88.76 97.84 

1998 101.34 109.97 98.27 102.41 82.90 91.67 

1999 97.48 113.05 93.30 105.91 82.91 90.78 

2000 93.22 126.96 99.77 104.83 83.13 92.61 

2001 87.01 117.91 99.61 106.89 83.46 31.64 

2002 87.14 117.32 106.52 114.62 78.61 31.94 

2003 80.56 117.12 103.41 115.64 78.35 99.46 

2004 86.79 117.56 105.40 121.37 79.64 99.46 

2005 84.98 115.98 108.08 126.95 80.16 99.46 

2006 84.98 115.98 108.08 126.95 80.16 99.46 

2007 85.54 115.56 110.54 133.87 77.17 103.42 

2008 85.66 114.97 113.12 140.67 73.95 107.35 

2009 86.01 114.89 114.64 146.70 70.90 111.34 

2010 86.25 114.62 114.99 153.03 67.79 115.28 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
15

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

Table 11—Softwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), Rocky 

Mountain North 

Year Sawlogs 

Veneer

logs

PulpwoodFuelwoodMisc. 

products

1965 73.97 46.10 

— 14.20 85.04 

1966 76.02 54.05 

— 16.95 93.24 

1967 74.38 69.20 

— 20.35 90.13 

1968 78.55 66.93 

— 24.08 93.35 

1969 74.24 58.81 

— 27.07 120.46 

1970 71.11 57.04 

— 36.70 136.42 

1971 77.89 70.08 

— 34.00 126.66 

1972 77.12 74.31 

— 33.98 110.96 

1973 82.83 72.29 

— 31.38 106.05 

1974 71.28 70.32 

— 33.38 93.33 

1975 69.54 76.94 

— 31.06 84.74 

1976 79.12 92.70 

— 29.45 84.20 

1977 82.24 95.37 

— 25.97 92.04 

1978 81.75 93.22 

— 49.51 99.89 

1979 80.78 89.12 

— 84.56 110.40 

1980 65.20 80.58 

— 136.09 118.44 

1981 63.55 80.42 

— 137.23 126.48 

1982 58.30 66.24 

— 141.82 136.37 

1983 95.26 92.13 

— 134.11 145.35 

1984 98.82 84.84 

— 140.84 154.27 

1985 100.63 89.21 

— 132.25 166.56 

1986 112.19 87.72 

— 132.70 175.57 

1987 119.35 101.41 

— 111.74 172.75 

1988 117.12 97.60 

— 110.66 154.10 

1989 121.62 105.17 

— 118.56 149.49 

1990 115.28 103.52 48.65 118.68 134.46 

1991 108.86 92.49 47.48 123.60 116.23 

1992 113.40 105.22 46.15 143.76 111.30 

1993 109.14 108.03 29.78 159.38 103.79 

1994 104.74 92.89 28.11 179.67 104.30 

1995 96.09 105.44 127.72 200.99 106.87 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 102.70 99.20 77.07 95.38 97.98 

1998 106.71 93.64 96.43 103.61 91.94 

1999 109.37 98.61 69.15 104.10 91.18 

2000 100.40 87.86 79.60 104.81 93.14 

2001 106.00 66.51 61.83 91.36 136.70 

2002 110.77 65.18 49.61 87.23 135.42 

2003 110.16 63.16 52.58 87.27 84.70 

2004 124.01 59.52 53.44 37.91 158.67 

2005 125.05 56.59 54.56 44.07 144.27 

2006 125.05 56.59 54.56 43.37 144.27 

2007 125.72 56.31 62.75 42.04 143.49 

2008 126.23 56.19 71.48 40.73 142.33 

2009 126.66 55.97 82.38 39.44 140.66 

2010 126.55 55.74 91.01 38.32 138.63 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Table 12—Hardwood harvest 

indexes (1996 = 100), Rocky 

Mountain North 

Year Composites 

Fuelwood

1965 68.77 0.29 

1966 68.77 0.44 

1967 68.77 0.61 

1968 68.77 0.79 

1969 68.77 0.95 

1970 68.77 1.39 

1971 68.77 1.37 

1972 68.77 1.41 

1973 68.77 1.35 

1974 68.77 1.49 

1975 68.77 1.44 

1976 68.77 1.41 

1977 68.77 5.47 

1978 68.77 15.69 

1979 68.77 27.29 

1980 68.77 42.08 

1981 68.77 55.79 

1982 68.77 109.41 

1983 68.77 118.27 

1984 68.77 144.53 

1985 51.34 151.34 

1986 57.22 170.63 

1987 73.33 139.39 

1988 120.99 129.34 

1989 89.06 116.91 

1990 85.06 119.16 

1991 89.99 104.17 

1992 86.41 94.83 

1993 80.35 85.69 

1994 105.46 74.69 

1995 100.00 64.35 

1996 100.00 100.01 

1997

— 93.89

1998

— 93.71

1999

— 96.21

2000

— 98.88

2001

— 97.80

2002

— 96.15

2003

— 96.97

2004

— 97.98

2005

— 98.24

2006

— 99.38

2007

— 100.89

2008

— 102.06

2009

— 102.91

2010

— 104.20
16

Table 13—Softwood harvest indexes 

(1996 = 100), Rocky Mountain South

Year Sawlogs 

PulpwoodFuelwoodMisc. 

products

1965 135.50 — 9.72 123.74 

1966 143.38 — 10.95 127.38 

1967 148.28 — 12.53 117.42 

1968 160.13 — 14.29 115.43 

1969 151.49 — 15.61 138.42 

1970 144.42 — 20.48 148.09 

1971 146.91 — 19.43 135.37 

1972 153.51 — 19.97 116.85 

1973 141.36 — 18.91 109.57 

1974 127.46 — 20.83 94.79 

1975 125.70 — 19.92 84.37 

1976 148.94 — 19.45 81.69 

1977 157.94 — 17.16 89.31 

1978 142.67 — 32.70 96.92 

1979 135.49 — 55.85 107.12 

1980 121.08 — 89.88 114.92 

1981 118.83 — 90.63 122.72 

1982 103.51 — 93.66 132.32 

1983 129.55 — 88.57 141.03 

1984 138.11 — 93.01 149.68 

1985 138.11 — 89.17 161.61 

1986 167.09 35.06 89.36 170.35 

1987 172.98 89.46 84.12 167.62 

1988 173.32 155.99 83.90 149.52 

1989 177.22 98.07 85.64 145.05 

1990 159.95 65.70 86.04 130.46 

1991 145.54 65.67 91.05 112.77 

1992 133.28 64.42 85.45 107.99 

1993 116.85 41.32 93.06 106.08 

1994 123.55 38.61 99.19 106.20 

1995 105.47 120.70 110.69 106.82 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 104.30 76.27 89.11 97.98 

1998 102.74 95.23 100.19 91.94 

1999 105.41 67.58 100.60 91.17 

2000 90.45 78.40 95.27 94.02 

2001 65.94 60.81 96.00 163.18 

2002 106.55 48.92 87.54 147.17 

2003 0.00 52.90 87.25 92.06 

2004 0.00 54.18 88.69 92.06 

2005 70.88 55.22 97.13 110.72 

2006 70.88 55.22 97.13 110.72 

2007 65.63 56.21 94.33 110.12 

2008 60.38 56.59 91.30 109.22 

2009 55.34 57.54 88.50 107.95 

2010 50.10 56.13 87.19 117.85 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Table 14—Hardwood harvest indexes

(1996 = 100), Rocky Mountain South 

Year Sawlogs 

FuelwoodMisc. 

products

1965 3.39 1.76 —

1966 — 2.38 —

1967 — 3.11 —

1968 — 3.92 —

1969 — 4.60 —

1970 — 6.53 —

1971 — 5.58 —

1972 — 4.81 —

1973 — 3.80 —

1974 — 3.10 —

1975 — 2.16 —

1976 — 1.27 —

1977 — 4.93 —

1978 327.09 14.15 —

1979 336.01 24.60 —

1980 352.05 37.93 —

1981 197.84 50.29 —

1982 552.12 98.63 —

1983 295.22 106.62 —

1984 295.46 130.29 —

1985 440.94 133.28 —

1986 292.01 142.39 —

1987 196.70 135.42 —

1988 100.00 134.26 —

1989 100.00 133.89 —

1990 100.00 134.33 —

1991 100.00 134.21 —

1992 100.00 135.64 54.24 

1993 100.00 124.31 88.98 

1994 100.00 114.21 78.66 

1995 100.00 97.02 94.79 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 100.00 91.20 84.72 

1998 100.00 87.43 67.42 

1999 100.00 89.68 55.24 

2000 100.00 92.14 44.91 

2001 100.00 94.71 11.54 

2002 100.00 91.27 11.65 

2003 100.00 90.97 36.26 

2004 100.00 92.47 36.26 

2005 100.00 93.07 36.26 

2006 100.00 93.07 36.26 

2007 92.72 94.88 41.34 

2008 85.67 96.06 47.27 

2009 77.63 97.11 54.26 

2010 71.77 97.75 62.48 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
17

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

Table 15—Softwood harvest indexes 

(1996 = 100), Pacific Southwest 

Year Sawlogs 

Veneer

logs

FuelwoodMisc. 

products

1965 106.77 1340.49 — 50.01

1966 105.92 1216.41 — 63.71

1967 103.44 987.35 — 67.55

1968 113.42 1018.94 — 76.40

1969 105.41 974.13 — 110.15

1970 98.60 933.57 — 134.46

1971 107.76 1251.44 — 112.77

1972 113.32 1369.34 — 88.78

1973 115.70 1263.14 — 72.58

1974 100.73 1130.61 — 54.03

1975 93.45 915.90 — 38.59

1976 106.21 870.04 — 25.24

1977 111.33 801.88 — 40.38

1978 107.78 745.24 — 55.51

1979 103.53 688.13 — 72.99

1980 87.81 518.95 — 88.63

1981 75.70 564.07 — 104.26

1982 70.88 395.56 9.32 121.80 

1983 87.83 592.16 10.28 138.57 

1984 96.52 530.14 12.82 155.36 

1985 104.12 401.92 13.58 176.10 

1986 124.55 321.54 15.49 193.28 

1987 139.78 279.84 14.74 198.99 

1988 147.76 369.67 14.60 185.24 

1989 139.27 289.48 15.64 191.02 

1990 132.13 216.03 15.92 182.90 

1991 114.30 194.80 143.31 169.66 

1992 107.02 200.00 118.69 146.27 

1993 96.33 100.00 104.77 123.60 

1994 95.57 100.00 96.16 110.84 

1995 92.51 100.00 110.56 121.80 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 105.60 100.00 89.30 103.51 

1998 122.18 100.00 100.61 102.16 

1999 118.88 100.00 101.22 106.16 

2000 71.72 90.54 172.73 8.03 

2001 76.67 90.54 174.38 14.51 

2002 69.01 90.54 165.17 14.38 

2003 72.11 90.54 164.63 8.99 

2004 62.88 79.38 167.43 12.05 

2005 60.86 76.82 166.14 9.23 

2006 68.89 76.82 166.14 9.23 

2007 63.24 69.16 170.66 9.23 

2008 69.63 62.32 174.04 9.18 

2009 76.03 56.76 177.20 9.08 

2010 70.03 52.08 179.61 8.95 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Table 16—Hardwood harvest 

indexes (1996 = 100), Pacific 

Southwest 

Year

Veneer

logs

Fuelwood

1965 16.88 6.90 

1966 15.88 8.54 

1967 19.25 10.53 

1968 20.95 12.71 

1969 18.29 14.50 

1970 19.07 19.97 

1971 24.69 19.69 

1972 26.36 20.42 

1973 23.85 19.47 

1974 19.19 21.65 

1975 13.95 20.85 

1976 14.75 20.52 

1977 16.75 27.77 

1978 16.67 40.41 

1979 15.96 50.23 

1980 15.39 60.81 

1981 15.50 68.23 

1982 27.89 105.02 

1983 28.72 103.73 

1984 29.93 114.91 

1985 26.57 112.53 

1986 29.86 118.46 

1987 36.77 105.04 

1988 44.58 109.32 

1989 64.88 110.45 

1990 90.34 117.91 

1991 88.72 170.34 

1992 86.71 140.51 

1993 84.44 123.45 

1994 101.02 112.74 

1995 101.25 111.20 

1996 100.00 100.00 

1997 108.29 97.09 

1998 114.11 98.38 

1999 117.08 106.04 

2000 138.17 113.91 

2001 132.73 121.90 

2002 136.25 121.87 

2003 131.67 121.47 

2004 136.62 123.47 

2005 129.23 124.27 

2006 129.23 124.27 

2007 136.77 124.88 

2008 144.87 124.99 

2009 154.60 125.21 

2010 164.71 125.18 

Source: Harvest estimation system 

(HES). 
18

Table 17—Softwood harvest indexes (1996 = 100), 

Pacific Northwest 

Year Sawlogs 

Veneer

logs Pulpwood Fuelwood

Misc.

products

1965 79.70 113.68 — 9.68 113.41 

1966 77.24 110.03 — 9.83 125.01 

1967 76.41 107.49 — 10.22 121.29 

1968 81.68 130.52 — 10.67 126.11 

1969 76.73 116.43 — 10.83 163.57 

1970 76.37 121.30 — 12.95 185.94 

1971 79.19 132.65 — 12.13 171.52 

1972 88.55 157.09 — 12.28 149.34 

1973 90.06 159.96 — 11.47 141.63 

1974 79.91 136.62 — 12.40 123.78 

1975 78.46 134.97 — 11.69 111.50 

1976 86.00 166.59 — 11.24 109.66 

1977 90.17 164.39 — 10.78 106.79 

1978 95.34 175.76 — 28.39 103.92 

1979 95.92 175.28 78.59 62.45 103.08 

1980 78.89 140.93 66.06 124.75 100.16 

1981 74.06 124.99 46.67 137.45 97.23 

1982 73.94 125.05 46.85 155.26 95.38 

1983 102.40 162.85 42.63 157.56 92.86 

1984 106.16 163.81 52.14 180.07 90.24 

1985 106.31 167.60 79.58 180.38 89.08 

1986 120.71 186.79 85.78 194.53 86.27 

1987 134.96 196.34 97.56 161.25 98.50 

1988 135.35 193.68 95.24 159.70 99.78 

1989 131.93 165.84 144.82 171.09 114.53 

1990 116.68 145.83 126.60 174.15 120.43 

1991 105.51 123.20 118.49 179.53 122.19 

1992 103.28 116.80 104.67 146.58 115.62 

1993 94.29 104.92 98.99 127.24 106.74 

1994 95.24 101.31 103.92 114.67 106.16 

1995 95.52 101.54 118.84 112.25 107.38 

1996 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 

1997 100.19 85.65 102.04 87.33 96.01 

1998 98.97 83.04 120.23 96.21 88.30 

1999 102.60 85.29 100.22 94.65 85.84 

2000 102.53 87.74 101.63 93.33 85.98 

2001 104.37 80.53 78.73 92.13 146.34 

2002 118.42 68.56 60.60 109.15 24.50 

2003 120.59 89.60 48.36 130.51 28.76 

2004 131.31 97.66 53.29 134.75 31.43 

2005 131.95 95.52 54.49 135.17 30.96 

2006 131.95 95.52 54.49 135.17 30.96 

2007 132.41 91.85 55.00 130.50 31.25 

2008 132.68 88.13 55.11 125.08 31.61 

2009 132.96 84.33 54.39 119.65 32.00 

2010 132.56 80.15 53.49 113.86 32.46 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Table 18—Hardwood harvest indexes 

(1996 = 100), Pacific Northwest 

Year Sawlogs 

Veneer

logs

PulpwoodFuelwood

1965 10.43 20.39 5.02 1.84 

1966 14.46 19.13 5.16 2.17 

1967 13.99 23.18 4.34 2.58 

1968 14.85 25.44 8.02 3.03 

1969 12.07 22.06 8.47 3.39 

1970 9.83 23.03 9.06 4.56 

1971 11.32 28.95 7.73 4.48 

1972 11.00 30.68 9.04 4.62 

1973 12.43 27.67 14.35 4.39 

1974 14.99 22.61 21.84 4.86 

1975 12.10 16.19 18.15 4.66 

1976 15.74 16.79 27.61 4.57 

1977 15.78 19.09 24.37 — 

1978 16.94 18.03 20.95 5.94 

1979 17.65 17.01 24.67 17.43 

1980 27.32 17.82 26.02 33.65 

1981 26.17 17.72 24.71 49.88 

1982 36.42 32.31 23.44 112.90 

1983 27.41 33.86 17.08 127.12 

1984 27.89 35.10 33.80 161.58 

1985 27.62 31.58 35.12 173.26 

1986 37.63 33.14 35.91 199.76 

1987 41.00 37.57 38.66 167.52 

1988 47.85 40.47 44.66 161.68 

1989 55.18 61.10 35.26 152.29 

1990 64.27 79.19 96.56 150.62 

1991 72.74 101.34 125.08 192.48 

1992 74.10 88.30 132.09 154.62 

1993 97.88 86.39 108.19 131.59 

1994 97.25 104.36 119.51 115.94 

1995 97.11 103.25 116.34 115.38 

1996 100.00 100.00 99.99 100.00 

1997 102.54 106.03 96.30 100.34 

1998 89.70 111.73 108.01 104.42 

1999 100.58 115.14 103.00 115.07 

2000 104.79 133.09 93.82 125.93 

2001 101.17 124.77 77.65 136.91 

2002 101.38 126.16 76.88 138.76 

2003 92.76 124.66 64.35 138.30 

2004 100.91 126.33 74.00 140.58 

2005 97.83 123.40 75.20 141.49 

2006 97.83 123.40 75.20 141.49 

2007 102.82 129.63 78.27 141.24 

2008 108.23 136.25 79.93 139.67 

2009 114.21 144.17 81.55 137.64 

2010 119.47 152.63 83.21 134.76 

Source: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
19

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State Table 19—Volume of roundwood products by region, state, species group, and type of product, United States, 2005 Roundwood products Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood Posts, poles, pilings Other products All products Region, state, and species group MBFa MCFb MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF MCF MCF Northeast Connecticut Softwood 27,434 4,343 0 0 1,848 157 0 0 596 48 0 35 4,583 Hardwood 47,044 7,180 0 0 10 1 0 0 274,544 21,963 0 0 29,144 Total 74,478 11,523 0 0 1,858 158 0 0 275,140 22,011 0 35 33,727 Delaware Softwood 3,313 525 2 0 31,697 2,694 0 0 2,211 177 0 68 3,464 Hardwood 17,399 2,655 908 138 7,934 674 0 0 15,963 1,277 0 50 4,794 Total 20,712 3,180 910 138 39,631 3,368 0 0 18,174 1,454 0 118 8,258 Maine Softwood 1,268,859 200,863 20 3 898,597 76,381 0 0 73,540 5,883 0 761 283,891 Hardwood 317,097 48,463 31,008 4,727 1,353,558 115,052 0 0 919,715 73,578 0 612 242,432 Total 1,585,956 249,326 31,029 4,730 2,252,154 191,433 0 0 993,254 79,461 0 1,373 526,322 Maryland Softwood 48,082 7,612 0 0 65,214 5,543 0 0 26,509 2,120 0 407 15,682 Hardwood 95,810 14,629 1,610 10,560 70,813 6,019 0 0 382,500 30,600 0 55 61,863 Total 143,892 22,241 1,610 10,560 136,027 11,562 0 0 409,009 32,721 0 462 77,545 Massachusettes 

Softwood 68,723 10,879 0 0 7,347 625 0 0 245,468 19,637 0 88 31,229 

Hardwood 31,931 4,874 0 0 991 85 0 0 385,410 30,833 0 5 35,796 

Total 100,654 15,753 0 0 8,338 709 0 0 630,878 50,471 0 93 67,026 

New Hampshire 

Softwood 252,220 39,925 29 5 155,847 13,247 0 0 26,068 2,086 0 1,557 56,819 

Hardwood 270,983 41,359 99,949 15,237 287,584 24,445 0 0 336,977 26,958 0 8,104 116,102 

Total 523,204 81,284 99,978 15,241 443,431 37,692 0 0 363,045 29,044 0 9,660 172,921 

New Jersey 

Softwood 1,988 314 0 0 3,646 310 0 0 5,089 407 0 73 1,104 

Hardwood 17,778 2,714 2,674 408 515 43 0 0 476,637 38,131 0 14 41,310 

Total 19,767 3,028 2,674 408 4,162 353 0 0 481,725 38,537 0 87 42,414 

New York 

Softwood 178,021 28,181 9,925 1,572 201,371 17,116 3,117 266 0 0 0 556 47,691 

Hardwood 433,670 66,189 11,644 1,774 235,337 20,004 32,433 2,757 751,553 601,166 0 5 691,895 

Total 611,691 94,369 21,569 3,347 436,708 37,120 35,550 3,023 751,553 601,166 0 561 739,586 

Pennsylvania 

Softwood 53,593 8,484 55 9 46,188 3,926 0 0 845 68 0 9,600 22,087 

Hardwood 895,188 136,627 32,592 4,968 567,310 48,221 0 0 147,015 11,762 0 2,933 204,512 

Total 948,781 145,111 32,647 4,977 613,498 52,147 0 0 147,860 11,830 0 12,533 226,599 
20Table 19—Volume of roundwood products by region, state, species group, and type of product, United States, 2005 Roundwood products 

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood

Posts, 

poles,

pilings

Other

products

All

products Region, state, 

and species group MBFa MCFb MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF MCF MCF Northeast

 Connecticut 

Softwood 27,434 4,343 0 0 1,848 157 0 0 596 48 0 35 4,583 

Hardwood 47,044 7,180 0 0 10 1 0 0 274,544 21,963 0 0 29,144 

Total 74,478 11,523 0 0 1,858 158 0 0 275,140 22,011 0 35 33,727 

Delaware 

Softwood 3,313 525 2 0 31,697 2,694 0 0 2,211 177 0 68 3,464 

Hardwood 17,399 2,655 908 138 7,934 674 0 0 15,963 1,277 0 50 4,794 

Total 20,712 3,180 910 138 39,631 3,368 0 0 18,174 1,454 0 118 8,258 

Maine 

Softwood 1,268,859 200,863 20 3 898,597 76,381 0 0 73,540 5,883 0 761 283,891 

Hardwood 317,097 48,463 31,008 4,727 1,353,558 115,052 0 0 919,715 73,578 0 612 242,432 

Total 1,585,956 249,326 31,029 4,730 2,252,154 191,433 0 0 993,254 79,461 0 1,373 526,322 

Maryland 

Softwood 48,082 7,612 0 0 65,214 5,543 0 0 26,509 2,120 0 407 15,682 

Hardwood 95,810 14,629 1,610 10,560 70,813 6,019 0 0 382,500 30,600 0 55 61,863 

Total 143,892 22,241 1,610 10,560 136,027 11,562 0 0 409,009 32,721 0 462 77,545 

Massachusettes 

Softwood 68,723 10,879 0 0 7,347 625 0 0 245,468 19,637 0 88 31,229 

Hardwood 31,931 4,874 0 0 991 85 0 0 385,410 30,833 0 5 35,796 

Total 100,654 15,753 0 0 8,338 709 0 0 630,878 50,471 0 93 67,026 

New Hampshire 

Softwood 252,220 39,925 29 5 155,847 13,247 0 0 26,068 2,086 0 1,557 56,819 

Hardwood 270,983 41,359 99,949 15,237 287,584 24,445 0 0 336,977 26,958 0 8,104 116,102 

Total 523,204 81,284 99,978 15,241 443,431 37,692 0 0 363,045 29,044 0 9,660 172,921 

New Jersey 

Softwood 1,988 314 0 0 3,646 310 0 0 5,089 407 0 73 1,104 

Hardwood 17,778 2,714 2,674 408 515 43 0 0 476,637 38,131 0 14 41,310 

Total 19,767 3,028 2,674 408 4,162 353 0 0 481,725 38,537 0 87 42,414 

New York 

Softwood 178,021 28,181 9,925 1,572 201,371 17,116 3,117 266 0 0 0 556 47,691 

Hardwood 433,670 66,189 11,644 1,774 235,337 20,004 32,433 2,757 751,553 601,166 0 5 691,895 

Total 611,691 94,369 21,569 3,347 436,708 37,120 35,550 3,023 751,553 601,166 0 561 739,586 

Pennsylvania 

Softwood 53,593 8,484 55 9 46,188 3,926 0 0 845 68 0 9,600 22,087 

Hardwood 895,188 136,627 32,592 4,968 567,310 48,221 0 0 147,015 11,762 0 2,933 204,512 

Total 948,781 145,111 32,647 4,977 613,498 52,147 0 0 147,860 11,830 0 12,533 226,599 

Rhode Island 

Softwood 2,737 433 0 0 2,704 230 0 0 412 33 0 0 696 

Hardwood 3,398 518 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,288 4,218 0 0 4,737 

Total 6,135 951 0 0 2,704 230 0 0 50,701 4,251 0 0 5,432 

Vermont 

Softwood 226,769 35,898 4,951 785 126,898 10,786 0 0 224 18 0 90 47,577 

Hardwood 112,146 17,117 5,076 774 170,445 14,488 0 0 373,280 29,863 0 0 62,241 

Total 338,915 53,014 10,026 1,558 297,343 25,274 0 0 373,504 29,881 0 90 109,818 

West Virginia 

Softwood 22,651 3,586 0 0 33,769 2,871 0 0 1,709 137 0 209 6,802 

Hardwood 815,366 124,444 53,683 8,184 238,202 20,247 0 0 44,582 3,568 0 4,478 160,921 

Total 838,017 128,030 53,683 8,184 271,971 23,118 0 0 46,291 3,705 0 4,687 167,723 

All Northeast States 

Softwood 2,154,392 341,043 14,982 2,374 1,575,128 133,886 3,117 266 382,671 30,614 0 13,444 521,625 

Hardwood 3,057,809 466,767 239,143 46,770 2,932,698 249,280 32,433 2,757 4,158,463 873,917 0 16,255 1,655,746 

Total 5,212,201 807,810 254,125 49,143 4,507,826 383,166 35,550 3,023 4,541,134 904,531 0 29,698 2,177,371 

North Central 

Illinois 

Softwood 578 103 0 0 3,873 306 0 0 2,755 193 0 17 619 

Hardwood 183,304 30,576 6,187 851 40,337 3,186 0 0 672,225 47,055 0 2,819 84,487 

Total 183,883 30,679 6,187 851 44,209 3,492 0 0 674,981 47,248 0 2,836 85,106 

Indiana 

Softwood 9,305 1,660 0 0 11,831 935 0 0 6,263 438 0 34 3,067 

Hardwood 289,015 48,135 26,537 3,639 51,864 4,097 0 0 412,414 28,869 0 577 85,318 

Total 298,319 49,795 26,537 3,639 63,695 5,032 0 0 418,677 29,307 0 611 88,385 

Iowa 

Softwood 150 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 37 0 56 124 

Hardwood 73,217 12,296 2,796 571 11,130 880 0 0 274,043 19,183 0 178 33,108 

Total 73,367 12,327 2,796 571 11,130 880 0 0 274,562 19,220 0 234 33,231 

Kansas 

Softwood 153 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,174 152 0 1 185 

Hardwood 11,208 1,820 117 16 0 0 0 0 230,237 16,117 0 526 18,480 

Total 11,361 1,853 117 16 0 0 0 0 232,411 16,269 0 527 18,665 

Michigan 

Softwood 245,421 42,247 0 0 418,123 35,877 113,397 8,958 135,932 9,504 0 3,784 100,370 

Hardwood 429,221 73,882 57,056 9,289 2,274,814 133,616 847,943 66,988 797,919 55,833 0 751 340,358 

Total 674,642 116,129 57,056 9,289 2,692,937 169,493 961,341 75,946 933,851 65,337 0 4,535 440,729 

Minnesota 

Softwood 212,815 40,163 0 0 645,802 41,833 16,758 1,315 20,335 1,424 0 2,044 86,779 

Hardwood 161,949 28,644 20,782 3,383 2,943,103 89,791 1,590,859 125,212 621,613 43,513 0 1,522 292,066 

Total 374,765 68,808 20,782 3,383 3,588,905 131,624 1,607,617 126,527 641,949 44,937 0 3,566 378,845 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653

(continued)
21

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State Missouri Softwood 84,262 16,122 55 0 11 146 0 0 3,305 231 0 2,670 19,169 Hardwood 537,677 94,470 5,654 1,265 4,683 59,285 0 0 433,712 30,360 0 7,197 192,577 Total 621,939 110,592 5,709 1,265 4,694 59,431 0 0 437,018 30,591 0 9,867 211,746 Nebraska Softwood 31,117 5,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,071 355 0 204 5,989 Hardwood 24,068 3,735 335 76 0 0 0 0 118,295 8,280 0 149 12,240 Total 55,185 9,165 335 76 0 0 0 0 123,367 8,635 0 352 18,229 NorthDakota Softwood 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 80 0 4 86 Hardwood 2,214 389 0 0 0 0 2,959 222 23,132 1,619 0 17 2,247 Total 2,222 391 0 0 0 0 2,959 222 24,283 1,699 0 21 2,333 Ohio Softwood 6,046 958 0 0 22,106 1,880 0 0 0 0 0 907 3,744 Hardwood 296,065 45,187 17,852 2,721 501,971 42,668 0 0 143,039 11,443 0 656 102,675 Total 302,110 46,144 17,852 2,721 524,077 44,548 0 0 143,039 11,443 0 1,564 106,420 South Dakota Softwood 109,773 17,901 0 0 0 0 10,712 803 9,030 632 0 20 19,356 Hardwood 859 151 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,837 2,789 0 46 2,986 Total 110,632 18,052 0 0 0 0 10,712 803 48,867 3,420 0 66 22,342 Wisconsin Softwood 176,636 31,219 0 0 774,922 63,439 14,548 1,148 39,103 2,738 0 1,367 99,910 Hardwood 459,532 80,338 57,533 9,367 2,295,004 137,288 586,305 46,319 734,757 51,433 0 3,767 328,512 Total 636,169 111,557 57,533 9,367 3,069,926 200,727 600,853 47,467 773,860 54,170 0 5,134 428,422 

All North Central 

States 

Softwood 876,265 155,868 55 0 1,876,669 144,415 155,414 12,224 225,640 15,783 0 11,108 339,399 

Hardwood 2,468,330 419,624 194,849 31,180 8,122,906 470,811 3,028,067 238,742 4,501,225 316,494 0 18,204 1,495,054 

Total 3,344,594 575,492 194,904 31,180 9,999,574 615,226 3,183,481 250,966 4,726,865 332,278 0 29,312 1,834,453 

Southeast 

Florida 

Softwood 965,278 184,383 172,738 29,689 2,668,200 240,598 20,597 1,458 42,382 3,094 0 26,746 485,968 

Hardwood 28,152 4,717 8,915 1,429 266,500 28,321 93,858 7,037 239,486 17,962 0 879 60,345 

Total 993,430 189,100 181,653 31,118 2,934,700 268,920 114,455 8,495 281,868 21,055 0 27,625 546,312 

Georgia 

Softwood 2,277,332 416,766 324,698 55,485 6,102,600 441,991 687,275 49,874 94,018 6,821 0 26,264 997,201 

Hardwood 412,957 69,307 70,315 11,420 1,135,400 115,369 34,900 2,600 596,589 44,744 0 335 243,776 

Total 2,690,289 486,073 395,014 66,906 7,238,000 557,360 722,175 52,475 690,607 51,565 0 26,599 1,240,977 

North Carolina 

Softwood 1,761,854 317,151 223,834 38,927 1,796,400 146,052 688,396 49,952 123,953 8,993 0 929 562,004 

Hardwood 719,663 119,417 103,814 16,476 1,778,600 110,188 108,177 8,268 983,666 75,381 0 0 329,730 

Total 2,481,517 436,568 327,649 55,403 3,575,000 256,240 796,573 58,220 1,107,619 84,374 0 929 891,734 
22

Missouri 

Softwood 84,262 16,122 55 0 11 146 0 0 3,305 231 0 2,670 19,169 

Hardwood 537,677 94,470 5,654 1,265 4,683 59,285 0 0 433,712 30,360 0 7,197 192,577 

Total 621,939 110,592 5,709 1,265 4,694 59,431 0 0 437,018 30,591 0 9,867 211,746 

Nebraska 

Softwood 31,117 5,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,071 355 0 204 5,989 

Hardwood 24,068 3,735 335 76 0 0 0 0 118,295 8,280 0 149 12,240 

Total 55,185 9,165 335 76 0 0 0 0 123,367 8,635 0 352 18,229 

NorthDakota 

Softwood 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 80 0 4 86 

Hardwood 2,214 389 0 0 0 0 2,959 222 23,132 1,619 0 17 2,247 

Total 2,222 391 0 0 0 0 2,959 222 24,283 1,699 0 21 2,333 

Ohio 

Softwood 6,046 958 0 0 22,106 1,880 0 0 0 0 0 907 3,744 

Hardwood 296,065 45,187 17,852 2,721 501,971 42,668 0 0 143,039 11,443 0 656 102,675 

Total 302,110 46,144 17,852 2,721 524,077 44,548 0 0 143,039 11,443 0 1,564 106,420 

South Dakota 

Softwood 109,773 17,901 0 0 0 0 10,712 803 9,030 632 0 20 19,356 

Hardwood 859 151 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,837 2,789 0 46 2,986 

Total 110,632 18,052 0 0 0 0 10,712 803 48,867 3,420 0 66 22,342 

Wisconsin 

Softwood 176,636 31,219 0 0 774,922 63,439 14,548 1,148 39,103 2,738 0 1,367 99,910 

Hardwood 459,532 80,338 57,533 9,367 2,295,004 137,288 586,305 46,319 734,757 51,433 0 3,767 328,512 

Total 636,169 111,557 57,533 9,367 3,069,926 200,727 600,853 47,467 773,860 54,170 0 5,134 428,422 

All North Central 

States 

Softwood 876,265 155,868 55 0 1,876,669 144,415 155,414 12,224 225,640 15,783 0 11,108 339,399 

Hardwood 2,468,330 419,624 194,849 31,180 8,122,906 470,811 3,028,067 238,742 4,501,225 316,494 0 18,204 1,495,054 

Total 3,344,594 575,492 194,904 31,180 9,999,574 615,226 3,183,481 250,966 4,726,865 332,278 0 29,312 1,834,453 

Southeast 

Florida 

Softwood 965,278 184,383 172,738 29,689 2,668,200 240,598 20,597 1,458 42,382 3,094 0 26,746 485,968 

Hardwood 28,152 4,717 8,915 1,429 266,500 28,321 93,858 7,037 239,486 17,962 0 879 60,345 

Total 993,430 189,100 181,653 31,118 2,934,700 268,920 114,455 8,495 281,868 21,055 0 27,625 546,312 

Georgia 

Softwood 2,277,332 416,766 324,698 55,485 6,102,600 441,991 687,275 49,874 94,018 6,821 0 26,264 997,201 

Hardwood 412,957 69,307 70,315 11,420 1,135,400 115,369 34,900 2,600 596,589 44,744 0 335 243,776 

Total 2,690,289 486,073 395,014 66,906 7,238,000 557,360 722,175 52,475 690,607 51,565 0 26,599 1,240,977 

North Carolina 

Softwood 1,761,854 317,151 223,834 38,927 1,796,400 146,052 688,396 49,952 123,953 8,993 0 929 562,004 

Hardwood 719,663 119,417 103,814 16,476 1,778,600 110,188 108,177 8,268 983,666 75,381 0 0 329,730 

Total 2,481,517 436,568 327,649 55,403 3,575,000 256,240 796,573 58,220 1,107,619 84,374 0 929 891,734 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653

Table 19—Volume of roundwood products by region, state, species group, and type of product, United States, 2005 

Roundwood products 

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood

Posts, 

poles,

pilings

Other

products

All

products Region, state, 

and species group MBFa MCFb MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF MCF MCF Northeast

 Connecticut 

Softwood 27,434 4,343 0 0 1,848 157 0 0 596 48 0 35 4,583 

Hardwood 47,044 7,180 0 0 10 1 0 0 274,544 21,963 0 0 29,144 

Total 74,478 11,523 0 0 1,858 158 0 0 275,140 22,011 0 35 33,727 

Delaware 

Softwood 3,313 525 2 0 31,697 2,694 0 0 2,211 177 0 68 3,464 

Hardwood 17,399 2,655 908 138 7,934 674 0 0 15,963 1,277 0 50 4,794 

Total 20,712 3,180 910 138 39,631 3,368 0 0 18,174 1,454 0 118 8,258 

Maine 

Softwood 1,268,859 200,863 20 3 898,597 76,381 0 0 73,540 5,883 0 761 283,891 

Hardwood 317,097 48,463 31,008 4,727 1,353,558 115,052 0 0 919,715 73,578 0 612 242,432 

Total 1,585,956 249,326 31,029 4,730 2,252,154 191,433 0 0 993,254 79,461 0 1,373 526,322 

Maryland 

Softwood 48,082 7,612 0 0 65,214 5,543 0 0 26,509 2,120 0 407 15,682 

Hardwood 95,810 14,629 1,610 10,560 70,813 6,019 0 0 382,500 30,600 0 55 61,863 

Total 143,892 22,241 1,610 10,560 136,027 11,562 0 0 409,009 32,721 0 462 77,545 

Massachusettes 

Softwood 68,723 10,879 0 0 7,347 625 0 0 245,468 19,637 0 88 31,229 

Hardwood 31,931 4,874 0 0 991 85 0 0 385,410 30,833 0 5 35,796 

Total 100,654 15,753 0 0 8,338 709 0 0 630,878 50,471 0 93 67,026 

New Hampshire 

Softwood 252,220 39,925 29 5 155,847 13,247 0 0 26,068 2,086 0 1,557 56,819 

Hardwood 270,983 41,359 99,949 15,237 287,584 24,445 0 0 336,977 26,958 0 8,104 116,102 

Total 523,204 81,284 99,978 15,241 443,431 37,692 0 0 363,045 29,044 0 9,660 172,921 

New Jersey 

Softwood 1,988 314 0 0 3,646 310 0 0 5,089 407 0 73 1,104 

Hardwood 17,778 2,714 2,674 408 515 43 0 0 476,637 38,131 0 14 41,310 

Total 19,767 3,028 2,674 408 4,162 353 0 0 481,725 38,537 0 87 42,414 

New York 

Softwood 178,021 28,181 9,925 1,572 201,371 17,116 3,117 266 0 0 0 556 47,691 

Hardwood 433,670 66,189 11,644 1,774 235,337 20,004 32,433 2,757 751,553 601,166 0 5 691,895 

Total 611,691 94,369 21,569 3,347 436,708 37,120 35,550 3,023 751,553 601,166 0 561 739,586 

Pennsylvania 

Softwood 53,593 8,484 55 9 46,188 3,926 0 0 845 68 0 9,600 22,087 

Hardwood 895,188 136,627 32,592 4,968 567,310 48,221 0 0 147,015 11,762 0 2,933 204,512 

Total 948,781 145,111 32,647 4,977 613,498 52,147 0 0 147,860 11,830 0 12,533 226,599 

(continued)
23

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State South Carolina Softwood 1,278,841 230,218 192,497 33,865 3,344,400 211,499 286,444 19,643 50,216 3,445 0 3,753 502,423 Hardwood 172,713 28,998 42,536 6,917 1,152,100 76,693 909 62 368,862 27,074 0 0 139,744 Total 1,451,555 259,216 235,033 40,782 4,496,500 288,193 287,353 19,704 419,078 30,519 0 3,753 642,167 Virginia Softwood 708,775 119,898 67,900 8,180 1,285,800 86,095 668,762 49,007 121,038 4,803 0 1,443 269,426 Hardwood 775,587 128,337 23,887 8,398 1,351,300 102,464 132,077 10,033 751,896 43,037 0 429 292,698 Total 1,484,362 248,234 91,787 16,578 2,637,100 188,559 800,839 59,040 872,935 47,840 0 1,872 562,124 All Southeast states Softwood 6,992,079 1,268,415 981,668 166,147 15,197,400 1,126,235 2,351,474 169,934 431,607 27,156 0 59,135 2,817,022 Hardwood 2,109,073 350,776 249,467 44,640 5,683,900 433,036 369,921 28,000 2,940,499 208,198 0 1,643 1,066,293 Total 9,101,152 1,619,191 1,231,136 210,786 20,881,300 1,559,271 2,721,395 197,934 3,372,107 235,354 0 60,778 3,883,315 South Central Alabama Softwood 2,071,227 372,789 482,796 82,537 5,129,765 364,182 0 0 41,030 2,913 0 43,386 865,807 Hardwood 437,834 73,525 138,676 22,585 2,794,263 209,528 0 0 251,012 18,669 0 1,138 325,445 Total 2,509,061 446,314 621,472 105,122 7,924,028 573,711 0 0 292,043 21,581 0 44,524 1,191,252 Arkansas Softwood 1,558,463 280,497 501,651 87,275 1,767,000 142,879 410,827 29,817 382,593 27,768 0 3,045 571,280 Hardwood 575,141 95,436 30,639 4,857 1,350,100 91,761 2,716 206 2,527 191 0 41 192,491 Total 2,133,604 375,933 532,290 92,132 3,117,100 234,639 413,543 30,023 385,120 27,959 0 3,086 763,772 Kentucky 

Softwood 28,028 5,157 510 86 56,900 3,343 0 0 946 69 0 2,571 11,225 

Hardwood 916,070 150,176 33,301 5,308 263,200 21,382 0 0 261,551 19,904 0 11,563 208,333 

Total 944,099 155,333 33,811 5,393 320,100 24,726 0 0 262,497 19,973 0 14,134 219,558 

Louisiana 

Softwood 1,340,149 255,947 774,701 133,232 3,532,000 203,277 369,351 26,216 22,548 1,601 0 7,506 627,779 

Hardwood 270,217 45,373 3,989 641 1,094,600 88,177 178,666 13,390 263,307 19,748 0 0 167,329 

Total 1,610,365 301,320 778,690 133,873 4,626,600 291,454 548,017 39,606 285,855 21,349 0 7,506 795,107 

Mississippi 

Softwood 3,031,288 557,500 411,593 70,360 3,254,800 178,862 409,665 29,729 24,142 1,752 0 1,595 839,798 

Hardwood 437,648 76,997 36,107 5,862 1,691,700 139,218 108,717 8,140 113,853 8,539 0 0 238,756 

Total 3,468,936 634,497 447,700 76,222 4,946,500 318,079 518,382 37,869 137,995 10,290 0 1,595 1,078,554 

Oklahoma 

Softwood 353,703 63,660 59,839 10,410 231,800 29,472 0 0 2,244 163 0 2,215 105,919 

Hardwood 42,717 7,085 0 0 209,900 24,866 0 0 122,079 9,355 0 0 41,306 

Total 396,421 70,744 59,839 10,410 441,700 54,338 0 0 124,322 9,518 0 2,215 147,225 
24

Tennessee 

Softwood 116,141 20,846 1,646 286 551,600 48,965 0 0 39,105 2,837 0 13,019 85,954 

Hardwood 816,083 152,369 9,471 1,497 1,060,300 88,152 0 0 323,365 24,781 0 447 267,246 

Total 932,224 173,215 11,116 1,784 1,611,900 137,117 0 0 362,470 27,618 0 13,466 353,200 

Texas 

Softwood 1,362,415 220,884 1,074,727 174,227 1,501,800 172,262 0 0 7,843 569 0 1,321 569,264 

Hardwood 306,767 51,394 123 20 1,115,800 91,245 0 0 74,792 5,710 0 0 148,369 

Total 1,669,182 272,278 1,074,850 174,247 2,617,600 263,507 0 0 82,635 6,279 0 1,321 717,632 

All South Central 

states 

Softwood 9,861,414 1,777,280 3,307,463 558,413 16,025,665 1,143,242 1,189,843 85,762 520,452 37,671 0 74,658 3,677,026 

Hardwood 3,802,477 652,355 252,306 40,770 9,579,863 754,329 290,099 21,735 1,412,485 106,897 0 13,189 1,589,275 

Total 13,663,891 2,429,634 3,559,769 599,183 25,605,528 1,897,571 1,479,942 107,498 1,932,937 144,567 0 87,847 5,266,300 

Rocky Mountain North

Idaho 

Softwood 1,020,850 244,691 157,161 12,404 99,287 7,943 0 0 119,595 7,882 0 16,503 289,423 

Hardwood 640 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,394 2,911 0 0 3,011 

Total 1,021,490 244,791 157,161 12,404 99,287 7,943 0 0 155,988 10,793 0 16,503 292,434 

Montana 

Softwood 0 148,899 113,828 22,585 31,403 2,512 0 0 289,927 6,333 0 6,139 186,468 

Hardwood 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,527 1,962 0 0 1,963 

Total 0 148,900 113,828 22,585 31,403 2,512 0 0 314,454 8,295 0 6,139 188,431 

All Rocky Mountains 

North States 

Softwood 1,554,717 393,590 270,989 34,989 130,690 10,455 0 0 409,522 14,215 0 22,642 475,891 

Hardwood 647 101 0 0 0 0 0 0 60,920 4,874 0 0 4,975 

Total 1,555,364 393,691 270,989 34,989 130,690 10,455 0 0 470,442 19,089 0 22,642 480,866 

Rocky Mountain South

Arizona 

Softwood 66,489 11,852 0 0 7,569 606 0 0 213,881 26,562 0 251 39,271 

Hardwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,285 4,503 0 0 4,503 

Total 66,489 11,852 0 0 7,569 606 0 0 270,166 31,065 0 251 43,773 

Colorado 

Softwood 66,255 12,620 0 0 0 0 0 0 407,829 19,980 0 1,866 34,466 

Hardwood 6,990 1,203 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,335 8,027 0 1,508 10,738 

Total 73,245 13,823 0 0 0 0 0 0 508,164 28,007 0 3,374 45,204 

Nevada 

Softwood 4,710 902 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,327 9,483 0 2 10,387 

Hardwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 4,710 902 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,327 9,483 0 2 10,387 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653

Table 19—Volume of roundwood products by region, state, species group, and type of product, United States, 2005 

Roundwood products 

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood

Posts, 

poles,

pilings

Other

products

All

products Region, state, 

and species group MBFa MCFb MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF MCF MCF Northeast

 Connecticut 

Softwood 27,434 4,343 0 0 1,848 157 0 0 596 48 0 35 4,583 

Hardwood 47,044 7,180 0 0 10 1 0 0 274,544 21,963 0 0 29,144 

Total 74,478 11,523 0 0 1,858 158 0 0 275,140 22,011 0 35 33,727 

Delaware 

Softwood 3,313 525 2 0 31,697 2,694 0 0 2,211 177 0 68 3,464 

Hardwood 17,399 2,655 908 138 7,934 674 0 0 15,963 1,277 0 50 4,794 

Total 20,712 3,180 910 138 39,631 3,368 0 0 18,174 1,454 0 118 8,258 

Maine 

Softwood 1,268,859 200,863 20 3 898,597 76,381 0 0 73,540 5,883 0 761 283,891 

Hardwood 317,097 48,463 31,008 4,727 1,353,558 115,052 0 0 919,715 73,578 0 612 242,432 

Total 1,585,956 249,326 31,029 4,730 2,252,154 191,433 0 0 993,254 79,461 0 1,373 526,322 

Maryland 

Softwood 48,082 7,612 0 0 65,214 5,543 0 0 26,509 2,120 0 407 15,682 

Hardwood 95,810 14,629 1,610 10,560 70,813 6,019 0 0 382,500 30,600 0 55 61,863 

Total 143,892 22,241 1,610 10,560 136,027 11,562 0 0 409,009 32,721 0 462 77,545 

Massachusettes 

Softwood 68,723 10,879 0 0 7,347 625 0 0 245,468 19,637 0 88 31,229 

Hardwood 31,931 4,874 0 0 991 85 0 0 385,410 30,833 0 5 35,796 

Total 100,654 15,753 0 0 8,338 709 0 0 630,878 50,471 0 93 67,026 

New Hampshire 

Softwood 252,220 39,925 29 5 155,847 13,247 0 0 26,068 2,086 0 1,557 56,819 

Hardwood 270,983 41,359 99,949 15,237 287,584 24,445 0 0 336,977 26,958 0 8,104 116,102 

Total 523,204 81,284 99,978 15,241 443,431 37,692 0 0 363,045 29,044 0 9,660 172,921 

New Jersey 

Softwood 1,988 314 0 0 3,646 310 0 0 5,089 407 0 73 1,104 

Hardwood 17,778 2,714 2,674 408 515 43 0 0 476,637 38,131 0 14 41,310 

Total 19,767 3,028 2,674 408 4,162 353 0 0 481,725 38,537 0 87 42,414 

New York 

Softwood 178,021 28,181 9,925 1,572 201,371 17,116 3,117 266 0 0 0 556 47,691 

Hardwood 433,670 66,189 11,644 1,774 235,337 20,004 32,433 2,757 751,553 601,166 0 5 691,895 

Total 611,691 94,369 21,569 3,347 436,708 37,120 35,550 3,023 751,553 601,166 0 561 739,586 

Pennsylvania 

Softwood 53,593 8,484 55 9 46,188 3,926 0 0 845 68 0 9,600 22,087 

Hardwood 895,188 136,627 32,592 4,968 567,310 48,221 0 0 147,015 11,762 0 2,933 204,512 

Total 948,781 145,111 32,647 4,977 613,498 52,147 0 0 147,860 11,830 0 12,533 226,599 

(continued)
25

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State New Mexico Softwood 70,692 12,063 0 0 8,276 651 0 0 144,220 8,238 0 1,419 22,371 Hardwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,771 2,771 0 416 3,187 Total 70,692 12,063 0 0 8,276 651 0 0 146,991 11,009 0 1,835 25,557 Utah Softwood 21,193 3,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,605 7,954 0 2,018 13,882 Hardwood 247 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,025 962 0 109 1,112 Total 21,440 3,951 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,630 8,916 0 2,126 14,993 Wyoming Softwood 60,411 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 103,672 3,022 0 1,805 4,827 Hardwood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,279 2,486 0 0 2,486 Total 60,411 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137,951 5,508 0 1,805 7,312 All Rocky Mountain South States Softwood 289,750 41,347 0 0 15,846 1,256 0 0 964,533 75,239 0 7,360 125,203 Hardwood 7,237 1,244 0 0 0 0 0 0 205,695 18,748 0 2,033 22,025 Total 296,987 42,591 0 0 15,846 1,256 0 0 1,170,228 93,987 0 9,393 147,227 Pacific Southwest California Softwood 1,713,354 328,229 141,685 27,143 0 0 0 3,941 1,425,011 198,210 0 608 558,131 Hardwood 0 0 714 127 0 0 0 0 724,828 60,400 0 0 60,526 Total 1,713,354 328,229 142,399 27,270 0 0 0 3,941 2,149,839 258,610 0 608 618,657 Pacific Northwest Oregon 

Softwood 3,234,974 772,070 943,538 220,453 37,790 3,048 17,895 1,443 467,236 61,834 0 17,782 1,076,630 

Hardwood 22,830 4,951 58,004 11,109 23,706 1,912 0 0 299,277 24,939 0 0 42,910 

Total 3,257,804 777,021 1,001,542 231,562 61,496 4,959 17,895 1,443 766,512 86,773 0 17,782 1,119,540 

Washington 

Softwood 3,584,521 855,494 220,200 51,449 163,693 15,551 0 0 534,415 67,839 0 3,914 994,246 

Hardwood 244,516 45,062 13,033 2,442 0 0 0 0 399,962 33,329 0 0 80,832 

Total 3,829,037 900,556 233,233 53,891 163,693 15,551 0 0 934,377 101,168 0 3,914 1,075,079 
26

All Pacific 

Northwest States 

Softwood 6,819,495 1,627,564 1,163,738 271,902 201,483 18,598 17,895 1,443 1,001,650 129,673 0 21,696 2,070,876 

Hardwood 267,346 50,013 71,037 13,551 23,706 1,912 0 0 699,239 58,267 0 0 123,743 

Total 7,086,841 1,677,576 1,234,775 285,453 225,189 20,510 17,895 1,443 1,700,889 187,940 0 21,696 2,194,619 

All Regions 

All States 

Softwood 30,261,466 5,933,336 5,880,579 1,060,967 35,022,881 2,578,088 3,717,743 273,570 5,361,087 528,561 0 210,651 10,585,172

Hardwood 11,712,919 1,940,878 1,007,516 177,036 26,343,073 1,909,368 3,720,520 291,234 14,703,355 1,647,795 0 51,323 6,017,636 

Total 41,974,385 7,874,214 6,888,096 1,238,004 61,365,954 4,487,457 7,438,263 564,804 20,064,442 2,176,356 0 261,974 16,602,808

SOURCE: Harvest estimation system (HES). 

a MBF is thousand board feet. b MCF is thousand cubic feet. 

Research Paper FPL–RP–653

Table 19—Volume of roundwood products by region, state, species group, and type of product, United States, 2005 

Roundwood products 

Saw logs Veneer logs Pulpwood Composite products Fuelwood

Posts, 

poles,

pilings

Other

products

All

products Region, state, 

and species group MBFa MCFb MBF MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF Cords MCF MCF MCF MCF Northeast

 Connecticut 

Softwood 27,434 4,343 0 0 1,848 157 0 0 596 48 0 35 4,583 

Hardwood 47,044 7,180 0 0 10 1 0 0 274,544 21,963 0 0 29,144 

Total 74,478 11,523 0 0 1,858 158 0 0 275,140 22,011 0 35 33,727 

Delaware 

Softwood 3,313 525 2 0 31,697 2,694 0 0 2,211 177 0 68 3,464 

Hardwood 17,399 2,655 908 138 7,934 674 0 0 15,963 1,277 0 50 4,794 

Total 20,712 3,180 910 138 39,631 3,368 0 0 18,174 1,454 0 118 8,258 

Maine 

Softwood 1,268,859 200,863 20 3 898,597 76,381 0 0 73,540 5,883 0 761 283,891 

Hardwood 317,097 48,463 31,008 4,727 1,353,558 115,052 0 0 919,715 73,578 0 612 242,432 

Total 1,585,956 249,326 31,029 4,730 2,252,154 191,433 0 0 993,254 79,461 0 1,373 526,322 

Maryland 

Softwood 48,082 7,612 0 0 65,214 5,543 0 0 26,509 2,120 0 407 15,682 

Hardwood 95,810 14,629 1,610 10,560 70,813 6,019 0 0 382,500 30,600 0 55 61,863 

Total 143,892 22,241 1,610 10,560 136,027 11,562 0 0 409,009 32,721 0 462 77,545 

Massachusettes 

Softwood 68,723 10,879 0 0 7,347 625 0 0 245,468 19,637 0 88 31,229 

Hardwood 31,931 4,874 0 0 991 85 0 0 385,410 30,833 0 5 35,796 

Total 100,654 15,753 0 0 8,338 709 0 0 630,878 50,471 0 93 67,026 

New Hampshire 

Softwood 252,220 39,925 29 5 155,847 13,247 0 0 26,068 2,086 0 1,557 56,819 

Hardwood 270,983 41,359 99,949 15,237 287,584 24,445 0 0 336,977 26,958 0 8,104 116,102 

Total 523,204 81,284 99,978 15,241 443,431 37,692 0 0 363,045 29,044 0 9,660 172,921 

New Jersey 

Softwood 1,988 314 0 0 3,646 310 0 0 5,089 407 0 73 1,104 

Hardwood 17,778 2,714 2,674 408 515 43 0 0 476,637 38,131 0 14 41,310 

Total 19,767 3,028 2,674 408 4,162 353 0 0 481,725 38,537 0 87 42,414 

New York 

Softwood 178,021 28,181 9,925 1,572 201,371 17,116 3,117 266 0 0 0 556 47,691 

Hardwood 433,670 66,189 11,644 1,774 235,337 20,004 32,433 2,757 751,553 601,166 0 5 691,895 

Total 611,691 94,369 21,569 3,347 436,708 37,120 35,550 3,023 751,553 601,166 0 561 739,586 

Pennsylvania 

Softwood 53,593 8,484 55 9 46,188 3,926 0 0 845 68 0 9,600 22,087 

Hardwood 895,188 136,627 32,592 4,968 567,310 48,221 0 0 147,015 11,762 0 2,933 204,512 

Total 948,781 145,111 32,647 4,977 613,498 52,147 0 0 147,860 11,830 0 12,533 226,599 

(continued)
27

Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

Table 20a— Roundwood products in Northeast Region, United 

States, 1996 

Volume (×106 ft3) State and species 

group Sawlogs Pulpwood Miscellaneous Fuelwood 

Connecticut — — — —

Softwood 3,302 252 39 51 

Hardwood 6,996 1 — 16,770 

Total 10,298 253 39 16,821 

Table 20b—Roundwood products in Northeast Region, United 

States, 2005 

Volume (×106

 ft3 State and species )

group Sawlogs Pulpwood Miscellaneous Fuelwood 

Connecticut — — — —

Softwood 4,343 157 35 48 

Hardwood 7,180 1 — 21,963 

Total 11,523 158 35 22,011 

Source: Johnson 2001. 

Table 21a—Northeast Regional Summary of roundwood products in United States, 

1996 

Volume (×106

 ft3)

Species group Sawlogs 

Veneer 

logs Pulpwood Composites Miscellaneous Fuelwood 

Softwood 259,284 2,571 214,365 179 15,086 32,529 

Hardwood 454,809 37,243 309,519 1,940 17,589 667,285 

Total 714,093 39,814 523,884 2,119 32,675 699,814 

Source: Johnson 2001. 

Table 21b—Northeast Regional Summary of roundwood products in United States, 

2005 

Volume (×106

 ft3)

Species group Sawlogs 

Veneer 

logs Pulpwood Composites Miscellaneous Fuelwood 

Softwood 341,043 2,374 133,886 266 13,444 30,614 

Hardwood 466,767 46,770 249,280 2,757 16,255 873,917 

Total 807,810 49,143 383,166 3,023 29,698 904,531 

Table 20a— Roundwood products in Northeast Region, United 

States, 1996 

Volume (×106 ft3) State and species 

group Sawlogs Pulpwood Miscellaneous Fuelwood 

Connecticut — — — —

Softwood 3,302 252 39 51 

Hardwood 6,996 1 — 16,770 

Total 10,298 253 39 16,821 

Table 20b—Roundwood products in Northeast Region, United 

States, 2005 

Volume (×106

 ft3 State and species )

group Sawlogs Pulpwood Miscellaneous Fuelwood 

Connecticut — — — —

Softwood 4,343 157 35 48 

Hardwood 7,180 1 — 21,963 

Total 11,523 158 35 22,011 

Source: Johnson 2001. 
Table 22—Volume of roundwood products and species group, United States, 

1996 and 2005

Volume (×106

 ft3) Product and species 

group 1996a

 2005b Change 

Change

(%)

Saw logs 

Softwood 5,217,784 5,933,336 715,552 13.7 

Hardwood 1,959,956 1,940,878 – 19,078 – 1.0 

Total 7,177,740 7,874,214 696,474 9.7 

 

Veneer logs 

Softwood 1,046,687 1,060,967 14,280 1.4 

Hardwood 171,413 177,036 5,623 3.3 

Total 1,218,100 1,238,004 19,903 1.6 

 

Pulpwood 

Softwood 2,823,915 2,578,088 – 245,826 – 8.7 

Hardwood 2,242,491 1,909,368 – 333,123 – 14.9 

Total 5,066,405 4,487,457 – 578,949 – 11.4 

 

Other industrial 

Softwood 328,402 484,221 155,819 47.4 

Hardwood 292,562 342,557 49,995 17.1 

Total 620,964 826,778 205,814 33.1 

 

All industrial 

Softwood 9,416,787 10,056,612 639,825 6.8 

Hardwood 4,666,423 4,369,841 – 296,582 – 6.4 

Total 14,083,210 14,426,452 343,243 2.4 

 

Fuelwood 

Softwood 487,131 528,561 41,429 8.5 

Hardwood 2,015,947 1,647,795 – 368,152 – 18.3 

Total 2,503,078 2,176,356 – 326,723 – 13.1 

 

All products 

Softwood 9,903,918 10,585,172 681,254 6.9 

Hardwood 6,682,370 6,017,636 – 664,734 – 9.9 

Total 16,586,288 16,602,808 16,520 0.1 a

 Johnson 2001. 

b

 Howard 2007. 

28

Research Paper FPL–RP–653
Use of Indexing to Update United States Annual Timber Harvest by State

29

Table 23—Volume of roundwood products and species group, United States, projections for 

2006 through 2010

 Volume (×106

 ft3) Product and species 

group 2006 2007a

 2008 2009 2010 

Saw logs 

Softwood 5,979,199 6,073,288 6,232,013 6,398,191 6,481,931 

Hardwood 1,940,878 1,968,787 1,986,419 2,009,198 2,024,988 

Total 7,920,077 8,042,075 8,218,432 8,407,389 8,506,920 

 

Veneer logs 

Softwood 1,060,967 1,044,737 1,028,435 1,011,727 991,601 

Hardwood 177,036 177,301 177,566 178,725 179,693 

Total 1,238,004 1,222,038 1,206,001 1,190,453 1,171,294 

 

Pulpwood 

Softwood 2,547,045 2,561,483 2,575,823 2,594,021 2,604,298 

Hardwood 2,033,757 2,068,953 2,106,510 2,139,114 2,161,042 

Total 4,580,802 4,630,436 4,682,333 4,733,135 4,765,340 

 

Other industrial 

Softwood 484,221 530,939 576,608 628,855 676,482 

Hardwood 342,557 377,932 408,177 439,682 469,441 

Total 826,778 908,871 984,785 1,068,537 1,145,923 

 

All industrial 

Softwood 10,071,431 10,210,447 10,412,878 10,632,794 10,754,312 

Hardwood 4,494,229 4,592,973 4,678,672 4,766,719 4,835,164 

Total 14,565,661 14,803,419 15,091,550 15,399,513 15,589,477 

 

Fuelwood 

Softwood 528,334 524,281 517,763 511,561 505,504 

Hardwood 1,647,852 1,611,659 1,567,816 1,524,835 1,478,171 

Total 2,176,185 2,135,939 2,085,579 2,036,396 1,983,675 

 

All products 

Softwood 10,599,765 10,734,727 10,930,642 11,144,355 11,259,816 

Hardwood 6,142,081 6,204,632 6,246,488 6,291,554 6,313,335 

Total 16,741,846 16,939,359 17,177,129 17,435,909 17,573,151 

Howard 2007. 

Table 24—Difference between North Central Region actual timber product output (TPO) and harvest 

estimation system TPO, Wisconsin 1997–2005 

Difference (%) 

Sawlogs Veneer logs Pulpwood

 Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood 

1999 0.2 – 0.1 1.0 – 0.4 0.2 0.3 

2003 – 0.2 0.0 1.0 – 1.3 – 0.1 0.3 
Table 25—Difference between Southeast Region actual timber product 

output (TPO) and harvest estimation system TPO, Georgia 1997–2005 

Difference (%) 

Sawlogs Veneer Logs Pulpwood

 Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood 

1995 5.3 1.0 – 7.4 – 3.1 – 8.0 – 11.3 

1997 — — 6.0 — – 1.9 – 8.2 

1999 — — 6.6 — 7.2 – 11.3 

2005 – 5.6 –3.3 – 3.3 – 3.3 3.0 9.4 

Table 26—Difference between South Central Region actual timber product 

output (TPO) and harvest estimation system TPO, Alabama 1997–2005 

Difference (%) 

Sawlogs Veneer logs Pulpwood

 Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood Softwood Hardwood 

1995 2.2 – 1.2 1.5 — – 9.5 3.2 

1997 – 1.0 – 9.7 – 1.9 — 8.2 — 

1999 0.1 – 0.9 8.8 — – 1.7 – 12.3 

2005 – 0.3 – 4.3 – 3.8 – 6.0 2.3 2.3 

30

Research Paper FPL–RP–653