Report No. MMC-84/06

SURVEY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED

MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES

FY' 70 - FY 84

George H. Waring

Department of Zoology

Southern Illinois University

Carbondale, Illinois 62901

July 1985

Final Report to U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

in Fulfillment of Contract MM2910918-6

Availability Unlimited

Prepared for

u.s. Marine Mammal Commission

1625 I Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20006

RfPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE

u.s. OEPARTMENT Of COMMERCE

SPRINGFielD, VA. 22161

PB 85- 225 613
Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research

and Studies, FY 70 - FY 84

REPORT DOCUMENTATION I'. REPORT NO. I" .. Ree'pIant'. Accuslon No_

PAGE MMC-84/06 L t-:-PRR 'i _~.;:: h 1">; 111<:- ~.--.-,T:::i-,t1.-.-...-:-=:SU:bt:.:::.:..,.--~--..L-=="-"'-''-L.:...:''-------- 5. Report Date

July 19"'-8"-5 _ .. - -----_.--_. ----- ----------------- 1. Author(s) a. Perlormlna: Orc.nlntion Rept. No.

__George R--Waring- --- ----------- 9. Performine Orc.nintlon Heme and Address -------------------

10. Prol.et/T...k/Work Unit No.

Dr. George H. Waring

Department of Zoology

Southern Illinois University

Carbondale, Illinois 62901

11. Cont,..ct(C) or Grant{G) No.

(e) M/o12910918-6

(G)

--- ------------_._-----_._--------------- - ----- --------------- ----- -_._-- -- 12. Spon1'orlnc OIlE.nlutioR NOlIme and Address 13. Type of Report & Period Covered

Final Report

14.

U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

1625 I Street, N.W. ,... _~.ashing.tQn... ..D~c.......2.0..0.D..6. . - 15. Supp.lementary Notes

The data and information contained in this report were given, in final

form, to the involved agencies for review and comment. The agencies

f-- consider the .G_Qn.t..e.n.t.s_Q.f........:tbi s report to be a(""<.;"-c.;JJ"J.Lr~a"-tJ._te'__ _ 16. Abstract (limit: 200 words)

See page ii.

.--c-::-~---::..,.___,__,_---:::c_-:-:--------------------------- -------------------- 117. Document Analysis D. Descriptors

b. Identlfiers/OJMn·Ended Terms

c. COSATI Field/GrtJup

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I Unclassified

----

(See ANSI-Z39.18) See InstructIons on Rellerse

i

OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)

(Formerly NTIS-35J

Department or COmmerCe
PREFACE

The following review of federally-funded marine mammal research and

studies is a reference document presented primarily in tabular form rather

than as a continuous text. It is an update of previous surveys compiled

by the author for the Marine Mammal Commission.* The Commission conducts

a continuning review of research programs conducted or proposed to be

conducted under the authority of the Marine Mammal Protection Act and

undertakes or causes to be undertaken such other studies as it deems

necessary or desirable in connection with its assigned duties as to the

protection and conservation of marine mammals [Section 202 (a) 2,31.

Under Section 205 of the Act, the Commision is provided access to all

studies and data compiled by federal agencies regarding marine mammals so

as to ensure that unnecessary duplication of research is avoided and to

carry out the purposes of the Act.

The user of this document will find the Table of Contents especially

helpful for locating specific information and for understanding the

organization and breadth of the material. The first section is an

overview of all federally-funded research involving marine mammals. The

second section focuses upon research and studies conducted under authority

of the Act. The last section lists all research and study projects

identified in the FY80 through FY84 surveys.

The data came from two major sources: (1) directly from agency

officials at the request of the Marine Mammal Commission and (2) from the

Smithsonian Science Information Exchange. More than two dozen U.S.

government agency offices were surveyed by the Commission. Principal

investigators have on a few occasions supplemented information of their

projects. Appendix A is a listing of publications identified by the

agencies as sources (or pending sources) of marine mammal information

resulting from federally-funded research. Unless otherwise noted, the

tables and figures summarize data supplied directly to the Commission by

each agency. No distinction is made between research projects and studies

per se. Appendix B is a listing of all FY80 to FY84 projects that were

identified by the sources.

Agencies vary in their ability to identify and retrieve information

on special projects. From year to year, both intra- and interagency

variability occurs reducing the accuracy of the data for comparative

purposes. Inherent also in such a study is the difficulty of separating

administrative costs from costs specifically for data collection and

analyses. Generally the funds reported included both costs and must be

viewed accordingly.

16 May 1985 George H. Waring, Ph.D.

Carbondale, IL

*See

research

Technical

Waring, G.H. 1981. Survey of federally-funded marine mammal

and studies, FY70-FY79. Publication PB81-174336, National

Information Service, Springfield, Virginia. 235 p.

ii
PREFACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ii

LIST OF FIGURES .. v

LIST OF TABLES vi

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1

Federal Agencies Funding Marine Mammal Research and Studies...... 2

Number of Marine Mammal Research Projects Supported

by Federal Agencies (FY70-FY80) as Reported by the

Smithsonian Science Information Exchange...................... 5

Number of Marine Mammal Research Projects Supported

by Federal Agencies in FY74-FY84, Comparing

Smithsonian Science Information Exchange Data to

Information Provided Directly to the Marine Mammal

Commission by Each Agency..................................... 6

Trends in Federal Support of Marine Mammal Research, FY74-FY84

--By Agency................................................. 9

--By Geographical Region.................................... 11

-By Taxonomic Group................................................................................ 12

--By Research Issue......................................... 14

II. RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE MARINE MAMMAL

PROTECTION ACT OF 1972 21

Research Responsibilities of Federal Agencies Under

the Act.......................................................................................... 22

Federal Funding Authorized, Requested, and

Appropriated Under the Act.................................... 24

Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research Other Than

Appropriated Under Authority of the Act by the National

Marine Fisheries Service and the fish and Wildlife Service,

FY73-FY84..... •• • • 26

iii
Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research by the National

Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service,

FY73-FY84..................................................... 28

Number of Personnel Assigned to Marine Mammal Administration

and Research Activities in the National Marine Fisheries

Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service, FY73-FY84.......... 29

III. APPENDIX A

Publications Identified by Agencies as Sources or Pending

Sources of Marine Mammal Information from Federally-Funded

Research and Studies.......................................... 30

IV. APPENDIX B

Listing of Marine Mammal Research and Study Projects,

Principal Investigators, and Funding Level for FY80-FY84...... 33

--Department of

--De par tmen t of

--Department of

-Department of

--Department of

--Department of

--Department of

--Department of

--Environmental

--Marine Mammal

Agriculture................................. 34

Connnerce •••••••••••••••••••••••••• '.' • • • • • ••• ·34

Defense... . ••. ••.. ..• .. . . •••• ••• ••••.• .•.••• SO

Energy...................................... 56

Health and Human Services................... 57

the Interior................................ 61

State. •• • • • • • •• . . . . . . . • • • . • • • . • • • ... • • • . . • • • . 83

Transportation.............................. 84

Protection Agency............................ 85

Conunission.................................. 85

--National Aeronautics and Space Administration............. 93

--National Science Foundation............................... 93

--Smithsonian Institution................................... 98

--Veterans Administation.................................... 99

iv
Figure

1.

2.

LIST OF FIGURES

Trends in federal support of marine mammal research:

Total number of marine mammal porjects as reported by

the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, FY70-FY80,

and to the Marine Mammal Commission by each agency,

IT?4-IT84 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Funds expended on marine mammal research by the National

Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service,

IT? 3-IT84 ••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

v

Page

8

28
Table

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

LIST OF TABLES

Number of marine mammal research projects supported by

federal agencies as reported by Smithsonian Science

Information Exchange .

Number of marine mammal research projects supported by

federal agencies in FY74-FY84, comparing Smithsonian

Science Information Exchange data to information provided

directly to the Marine Mammal Commission by each agency

Federal funding of marine mammal research ..

Regionally oriented marine mammal research in waters

adjacent to the United States ..

Taxonomic summary of federally-funded marine

mammal research ..

Federal funding of marine mammal research by

research issue .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Federal funding under the Marine Mammal Protection Act

Funds expended on marine mammal research other than

those appropriated under authority of the Marine Mammal

Protection Act • • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • • •

Number of personnel assigned to marine mammal activities

in the National Marine Fisheries Service and the

Fish and Wildlife Service, FY73-FY84 •• • • • • • • • •

vi

Page

5

6

9

11

12

14

24

26

29
1

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS

INVOLVING MARINE MAMMALS

Fourteen departmental-level federal agencies

participated in funding marine mammal research and

studies from FY70 through FY84. Some agencies funded

projects in all years, whereas others supported studies

during only part of the period. Often more than one

agency within the larger departments participated in

funding research. The Smithsonian Science Information

Exchange (SSIE) reported an average of 46.5 projects

were funded with federal monies in each of the years

surveyed (Table 1); nevertheless using the Marine Mammal

Commission (MMC) information solicited directly from

each agency, the average annual number of projects for

FY74-FY84 was 142.9 (Table 2). The trends of these data

are depicted in Figure 1. Data for year 76 include the

12-month fiscal year plus a transition quarter (TQ76:=

July to September 1976) when the first day of the

federal fiscal year was shifted from 1 July to 1

October. Total funds expended by each agency annually

for marine mammal research are shown in Table 3.

Funding by geographic region, taxonomic group, and

research issue are listed in Tables 4, 5, and 6,

respectively.
2

FEDERAL AGENCIES FUNDING MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

The Department of Agriculture has conducted studies related to

contagious disease organisms associated with marine mammals. The San Miguel

sea lion virus has been of special interest. Clinically, the sea lion virus

infection resembles the lesions of foot-and-mouth disease in ruminants.

Department of Commerce (DOC)

The Department of Commerce, through the National Marine Fisheries

Service (NMFS), conducts marine mammal and fisheries research with emphasis

on resource surveys, biological and ecological investigations, and resource

management for the use and conservation of living marine resources. The

cetaceans and pinnipeds (exclusive of the walrus) are among the

responsibilities of this department. Research funding has been concentrated

on the northern fur seal, the incidental take of porpoise in the yellow-fin

tuna purse-seine fishery, and whale assessment. In addition, the National

Sea Grant College Program (NSGCP), the Sanctuary Programs Division within

the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (oeRM) , and the Office

of Oceanography and Marine Assessment (OMA) all in the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have supported studies on marine mammals.

OCSEAP (the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program managed

by NOAA/National Ocean Service/Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment)

was created through interagency agreement between the Bureau of Land

Management (now Minerals Management Service--MMS) and NOAA; it is

responsible for most Alaska OGS research funded by MMS.

Department of Defense (DOD)

The Department of Defense conducts marine mammal research through the

Headquarters Space Division of the Air Force, the Corps of Engineers of the

Army, and the Navy. Units of the Navy conducting this research include the

Naval Ocean Systems Center (formerly Naval Undersea Center) and the Office

of Naval Research. DOD research varies from basic environmental impact

research to applied military research. Differentiating marine mammals from

military targets, furthering the understanding of the undersea environment,

and the utilization of marine mammals with specific behavioral traits for

applied research are the major thrusts of the Navy program; studies on

behavior modification, husbandry, bioacoustics, migration and distribution,

as well as sensory perception are supported. Navy research also includes

studies of the bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases of marine

mammals with particular emphasis on those diseases that can be transmitted.
3

Department of Energy (DOE)

The Department of Energy (formerly the Atomic Energy Commission and the

Energy Research and Development Administration) has occasionally supported

marine mammal research. The thrust of the research has been directed at the

behavioral ecology of sea otters, especially at Amchitka Island in the area

of the CANNlKAN Shot, and also on problems associated with censllsing marine

mammals.

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

The Department of Health and Human Services, formerly the Department of

Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), through the National Institutes of

Health, funds some research related to marine mammals; the research is

basically oriented toward an understanding of human health and physiology.

It consists primarily of research on physiological mechanisms and

adaptations. Marine mammals are often one of several vertebrates used in

the research projects.

Department of the Interior (DOl)

The Department of the Interior, through the Minerals Management Service

(MMS), supports environmental assessment studies involving the effects of

outer continental shelf development on marine mammals and their habitats.

Special studies such as the effects of hydrocarbons and other disturbances

from oil and gas activities a~e also supported. The Fish and Wildlife

Service (FWS) supports management related research on the biology and

population ecology of walrus, sea otter, polar bear, and sirenians (manatees

and dugong). Additional studies are conducted on tissue contaminant levels

in marine mammals, marine mammal tagging, and population assessment of the

Hawaiian monk seal in the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge. The

Geological Survey conducts research in marine mammal paleontology, and the

National Park Service supports some marine mammal studies relative to

national park and monument development.

Department of State (DOS)

The Department of State has supported studies of the Antarctic krill

resource (a major food resource of Southern Ocean marine mammals) in

consideration of the prospect of international commercial exploitation of

krill in waters adjacent to Antarctica. Funds have also been provided to

further cetacean research of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission and

the International Whaling Commission.

Department of Transportation (DOT)

The Department of Transportation, through the

supported research to identify potential applied uses of

capabilities of animals, including marine mammals.

Coast Guard, has

the perception and
4

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The Environmental Protection Agency

mammal research through the study and

coastal and pelagic marine organisms.

has indirectly supported marine

monitoring of pollutant levels in

Marine Mammal Commission (MMC)

The Marine Mammal Commission supports research and studies pertaining

to the conservation and protection of marine mammals to improve the

operation of the Marine Mammal Protection Act. Policy studies;

methodological research; information overviews; issue-specific research on

population assessment, critical habitats·, taking, man-induced hazards,

ecological inter-relationships, and socia-economic/legal aspects of marine

mammal conservation; and reviews of agency actions and research under the

Act are integrated into the directed research program of the Commission.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administation develops and provides

technological support for marine mammal research and studies of user

agencies. Telemetric and remote sensing capabilities through aircraft and

satellite support are provided.

National Science Foundation (NSF)

Through its various divisions, the National Science Foundation supports

marine mammal research; however, there is no directed effort on marine

mammals per se. The studies of Antarctic marine mammals have been supported

through this agency in accordance with the Antarctic Treaty.

Smithsonian Institution (5I)

The

Zoology

supports

biology.

Smithsonian Institution, through the Department of Vertebrate

and the Department of Paleobiology of the Museum of Natural History,

their staff on marine mammal research in evolution and general

Additional studies are conducted at the National Zoological Park.

Veterans Administration (VA)

The Veterans Administration has supported a few

physiological characteristics of marine mammals. Among

electroencephalographic study of sleep in the pilot whale.

projects on the

these has been an
5

TABLE 1

NUMBER OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROJECTS

SUPPORTED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES AS REPORTED

BY SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE'

70 71 72 73

Fiscal Year

74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

2

2

1

6 4

3

12

3

8

1

14 3

1

15

Department of Defense 8 13 16 17 5 18 10 1 12 10 15

Dep~rtment of Energy

(formerly AEC and ERDA) 1 1 1 1 1 1

Department of Health and

Human Services (formerly

HEW)

Department of the

Interior

Department of State

Department of Transportation

Environmental Protection

Agency

Marine Mammal Commission

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

National Science

Foundation

Smithsonian Institution

Veterans Administration

TOTAL

6

2

9

2

28

9

1

8

1

36

7

1

17

1

2

51

8

9

1

1

5

2

2

50

5 16

1

1

1

8 13

2

1

35 64

15

1

1

22

1

13

2

2

82

7

7

18

1

6

3

46

2

3

12

12

2

60

3

6

9

28

4

3

1

8

32

*Not an all inclusive listing of federally-funded marine mammal research

The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange no longer exists.
TABLE 2

NUMBER OF MARINE MAMtlAL RESEARCH PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES

IN FY74-FY84. COMPARING SHlTHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE DATA (A)*

TO INFORMATION PROVIDED DIRECTLY TO THE MARINE MAM}~L COMMISSION BY EACH AGENCY (B) <'

FY74 FY75 FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84

A B A B A B A B A B A B A B B B B B

Department of Agriculture 3 2 3 1 1 - - - 1 - - 2 - 1 4

Department of Commerce

National Marine Fisheries

Service 9 13 7 8 10 9 - 13 15 14 - 14 - 34 31 25 31 26

National Sea Grant 3 4 1 2 4 1 3 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 2 1 3 2

NOAA/OCSEAP (see below)

North Pacific Fishery

Management Council - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1

Ocean and Coastal

Resource Mgmt. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 4 6 4

Oceanography and

Marine Assessment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 1 '"

Department of Defense

Air Force - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 1 - - 1

Army - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2

Naval Ocean Systems Ctr.

(NMC) 2 16 8 8 3 7 - 14 2 17 2 8 3 9 6 8 7 8

Naval Research Laboratory - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Office of Naval Research 3 10 10 6 7 6 1 7 10 7 8 11 12 8 7 6 4 4

Department of Energy 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 2 1 2 - - 1 1 1 1

Department of Health and

Human Services 5 20 16 26 15 17 7 13 2 12 3 8 4 9 11 12 9 8

Department of the Interior

Fish & Wildlife Service - 15 - 20 - 27 5 40 2 43 - 52 1 44 33 27 29 22

Geological Survey - - 1 - 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 1 1

Minerals Mgmt. Service - - - 1 - 4 - 3 - 4 - 7 2 12 8 10 9 12

MMS/NOAA/OCSEAP - - - 3 - 16 - 11 - 11 - 6 - 6 7 9 8 6

National Park Service - 1 - 1 - 2 2 3 - 5 - 2 - 2 4 3 3 3
TABLE 2 (continued)

Number of Marine Mammal Projects Supported by Federal Agencies

FY74 FY75 FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84

A B A B A B A B A B A B A B B B B B

Department of State - - - - _. - - - - 2 - 1 - 1 2 2 2 2

Department of Transportation - - - - _. - - - - - - - - 1

Environmental Protection

Agency

Marine Mammal Commission - 14 - 32 22 30 18 29 12 34 6 7 - 21 16 15 13 30

National Aeronautics &

Space Administration 1 1 - 1 I. 1 1 2 - 2 - - 1 - 1

National Science Foundation 8 12 13 7 1310 6 10 12 8 9 11 8 14 8 10 11 10 --J

Smithsonian Institution - 4 2 4 2 2 3 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 2 3 3 3

Veterans Administration - - 1 - 2 - - 2 2 2

TOTAL: SSIE Data 35 64 82 46 60 28 32

MMC Data 113 122 133 153 168 137 172 148 140 142 144

*The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange no longer exists.
FIGURE 1

TRENDS IN FEDERAL SUPPORT OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

Total Number of Marine Mammal Projects as Reported:

By the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE)Kand

To the Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) by Each Agency.

MMC

200-

180-

0

<il 160-

f\1

0

0< 140-

(/) 120- E-<

u

<il

@ 100-

0<

'" 80-

0

'" 60- <il 1 SSIE III

:<: 40-

20-

0-. 70 71 72 73 74 75 76** 77 78

FISCAL YEARS

79 80 81 82 83 84

OJ

*The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange no longer exists.

**Includes Transitional Quarter (July-September 1976)
TABLE 3

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

(Thousands of Dollars)

FY74 FY75 FY!TQ76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84

Department of Agriculture 37.2 9.3 -*-- --- --- 209 --- 84.7

Department of Commerce

National Marine Fisheries

Service 1218.7 1386.6 1456.4 2313.8 3603.2 4425.9 5126.7 4531. 6 3896.4 4050.7 4077

National Sea Grant Program 77.2 82.3 19.8 25.8 49.7 68 59.7 35.1 30 46.7 79.6

North Pacific Fishery

Mgmt. Council --- --- ---- --- --- --- 97.2 28.9 10 11 • 5 5

Ocean and Coastal Resource

Mgmt. --- --- ---- --- --- --- --- 67 56.6 35.9 81

Oceanography & Marine

Assessment --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 58 123.6

Department of Defense '" Air Force --- --- ._-- --- --- 40 15 79.2 --- --- 6

Army --- --- _._- --- --- 44 122

Naval Ocean Systems Center 658 425 361 718 545 717 1979 1729 1524 1708 1506

Naval Research Laboratory --- --- ---- --- --- 20

Office of Naval Research 485.4 270 260.1 414 430 538.4 462.8 302.6 204 195.2 224

Department of Energy --- 18.3 28 80 80 --- 30 20 25

Department of Health and

Human Services 916.9 1573.5 1078.5 781 772 392.8 602.5 755.8 899.2 684.4 629

Department of the Interior

Fish and Wildlife Service 706 734.2 933 933 1042.7 1452.5 1418.9 1127.2 1221 1261.2 1007.7

Geological Survey --- --- ---- 31.2 30.5 20 45.5 79.6 62.8 76 71

Minerals Mgmt. Service --- 706.7 20/,6.4 2242 2519.8 7457.3 6173.2 3507.2 3830.6 4275.9 3595.9

National Park ServIce 6 6 17.2 16.5 64.8 45.8 68 376.9 223 300.4 235
TABLE 3 (continued)

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research

FY74 FY75 FyjTQ76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84

Department of State --- --- --- --- 51 500 592.9 719.4 644.6 540.6 709.4

Department of Transportation --- --- --- --- --- --- 95

Environmental Protection Agency 47 49.8

Marine Mammal Commission 258.8 446.7 561.7 420.3 376.1 152.6 358.7 134.7 84.1 204.9 298.7

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration 45 100 194 50 65 --- 12 143.3

National Science Foundation 515.6 292.8 690.4 718.9 334.2 479.3 677 .6 574.5 560.6 503 691.9 0

Smithsonian Institution 68.5 80.1 102 106.1 101.1 133.4 142.8 152.3 148.8 170.4 207.5

Veterans Administration --- --- --- 102.6 98.9

TOTAL 5013.3 7748.5 10 ,164 18,079.5 13 ,478.7 13,424.7

6181.3 8953.2 16,696 14,449 14,188.4
TABLE 4

REGIONALLY ORIENTED MARINE ~~lMAL RESEARCH IN WATERS ADJACENT TO THE UNITED STATES

(Thousands of Dollars; Number of Projects in Parentheses)

Geographical Fiscal Year

Region 74 75 76* 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

Hawaii --- 5 51.5 102.6 118.2 71.4 411. I 114.8 130 481. 7 302.5

(I) (2) (8) (6) (2) (II) (2) (2) (4) (3)

Alaska 780.4 1670.5 2451. 5 2861. 7 3336.8 3746.7 5407.4 3992 .1 4949.4 4367.5 4960.2

(22 ) (31 ) (36) (39) (46) (17) (34 ) (29) (31 ) (30) (25)

Oregon/Washington 17 87.3 81.6 113.5 60.3 68 22 9. 9 234.5 73.6 165.3

(I) (6) (6) (2) (4) (2 ) (2 ) (5) (4) (4) (I)

California 102.5 805.4 1370 1132 317.2 1675.2 3234.9 862.3 1160.7 1693.9 1491.4

(4 ) ( 9) (18) (11 ) (12) (II) (19) (13 ) (17) (25) (31 )

Gulf of Mexico 7.9 --- 6 _..- 2.4 144.3 200 330.8 275.5 20 238.5

(I) (I) (2) (I) (I) (2) (3) (I) (3 )

Florida 121.3 187.5 139.9 171.2 269 656.3 858.2 306.8 429.8 610.6 384.8

(4 ) (6) (9) (10) (12 ) (4) (21) ( 9) (8) (12 ) (8)

Georgia. South

Carolina and --- --- --- 199.9 --- --- 200 296.3 4 --- 2.6

North Carolina (I) (2 ) (I) (I) (I)

NE Coastal States 31.9 43.3 56.2 29.3 1484 2762.9 292.7 1025.1 170 145.2 141.3

(3 ) (3) (5 ) (3) (4 ) (I) (14) (8) (6) (10) (7)

*Includes Transition Quarter (July-September 1976)
TABLE 5

TAXONOMIC SUMMARY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

(Thousands of Dollars)

USDA DOC DOD DOE DHHS 001 DOS DOT EPA MMC NASA NSF Sl VA TOTAL

Sirenia 74 60 60

(Manatees 75 119.2 119.2

and Dugong) 76 173.8 173.8

77 190.2 50 240.2

78 267.1 15 282.9

79 44 580.5 0.8 624.5

80 122 328.7 109 559.7

81 358 46.5 404.5

82 353 353

83 391.6 2.5 394.1

84 276.8 4.5 281.3

Carnivora 74 90 90

(Polar Bear 75 18.3 27.3 375 15.3 435.9

and Sea 76 28 629.3 103.2 760.5

Ot te r) 77 30 587.3 40.6 657.9 N

78 30 717 .7 49.9 797.6

79 59.7 809.4 22.6 891. 7

80 71 30 718 36.3 855.3

81 22.2 5. 1 20 639.2 18 704.5

82 25 914 5.6 944.6

83 1096.7 31.8 1128.5

84 1156.3 67 1223.3

Pinnipedia 74 37.2 586.8 90 56.3 6 56.2 268 49.5 1150

(Seals, 75 9.3 752.7 140 210.7 171 154.9 156.6 51.8 1647

Sea Lions 76 760.5 147 116.2 684.6 54.3 268.3 59.2 2090.1

and Walrus) 77 783.8 274 141. 3 763.5 64.8 131.1 56.1 102.6 2317.2

78 858.7 325 664.6 33.7 141. 5 45 2068.5

79 200 956.7 246 76.6 589 59.1 243.2 47.4 2418

80 1454.7 353 43.5 467.7 106 240.7 2665.6

81 940.2 149.2 51.4 541.9 56 292.3 2031

82 1081. 4 50 38.4 385.1 12 359.1 11.8 1937.8

83 1188.8 72.9 268 159.1 330.4 22.4 2041.6

84 1269.4 68 494.8 12.5 420.7 42.5 2307.9
TABLE 5 (continued)

Taxonomic Summary of Federally-Funded Narine Nammal Research

USDA DOC DOD DOE DHHS 001 DOS DOT EPA NNC NASA NSF Sl VA TOTAL

Cetacea 74 695.5 344 294.2 77 .9 170.1 19 1600.7

75 675 250.5 365.1 190.9 61 28.3 1570.8

76 709.7 263.1 114.3 126.2 262.8 275.2 42.8 1794.1

77 1555.8 527 144.6 253.4 124.9 213.1 2818.8

78 2794.2 446 149.6 278 169.7 163.1 4000.6

79 3326.3 746.4 74.1 2937.5 500 81 187.9 7853.2

80 3542.8 1583.8 167.1 2239.8 592.9 133.7 380.8 8640.9

81 44.6 3118 1485.6 463.4 1910.4 719.4 34.4 143.3 235.7 8154.8

82 2304.2 1355 229.9 2580.9 644.6 28 158.3 7300.9

83 2037 1522.3 146.9 1905.6 540.6 5 162.6 6320

84 2421.7 1218 162.4 2354.2 709.4 63 221.3 7150

Nixed Species 74 13.6 682.4 566.4 556 47 124.7 45 77.5 2112.6

or General 75 41.2 304.5 970.4 781.7 49.8 85.6 100 75.2 2408.4 w

Studies 76 6 211 848 1382.7 141.4 146.9 2736

77 311 50 495.1 1428.3 190 374.7 50 2919.1

78 204 50 622.4 1730.4 51 122 50 29.6 56.1 98.9 3014.4

79 9 210.9 323 242.1 3999.5 12.5 25.6 86 4908.6

80 245.1 520 391. 9 3945.9 95 10 19.8 142.8 5370.5

81 17.9 635.9 476 241 1654.3 26.3 152.3 3203.7

82 635.4 323 630.9 1091.7 38.5 43.2 137 2899.7

83 1042.6 318 537.5 2200.6 6.5 10 148 4263.2

84 551.5 450 466.6 624.4 151. 7 49.9 165 2459.1
TABLE 6

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH BY RESEARCH ISSUE* **

(Thousands of Dollars)

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNDING

ISSUE 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 AGENCY

Tuna/Porpoise:

Population Assessment 85.1 108 81 516.5 524.5 462.7 676'.9 615 462 570 507.3 NMFS

2 4 MMC

500 592.9 687.1 609.2 673.9 673.9 DOS

Mortality Reduction 167.4 140.2 120 299.6 487.6 512.9 433.1 303.6 30 30.9 NMFS

178 67.4 5.6 MMC

119.6 97.1 NSF

48 Navy

Assessment of Taking 179 189.6 318.7 329.5 346.9 246.7 320.7 225 181. 8 NMFS

3.5 9.8 12.4 MMC

Biology 271.3 342.9 136 138.1 220.4 705.3 382.4 430.2 318.3 331 296.5 NMFS ~. 26 Navy

12.5 10 MMC

"

31.6 NSF

International Whaling

Convention:

Assessment of Stocks 32 (33.6) (38.7) (52.8) (103) 340.5 433 (700) (856) NMFS

and Taking 26.3 33.5 19.8 70.9 65 MMC

21.5 NSF

32.3 35.4 35.3 35.5 DOS

Marine Mammal/Fisheries

Conflicts:

Southern Ocean Krill 10 14.5 4 10 49.2 MMC

51 DOS

25.6 NSF

Fin Fish/Pinniped 19.8 25.8 49.7 68 30 30 39.2 79.6 NSGCP

Interactions 17.7 59.3 . 4.9 32.5 10 MMC

70 604.6 349.9 309.3 226.4 221.1 NMFS

TABLE 6 (continued)

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research by Research Issue

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNDING

ISSUE 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 AGENCY

Hl,lmpback Whale:

Population Assessment (38.7) (52.8) (103) 15 39.1 70.7 39 38.8 30.1 NMFS

25.1 21.4 15 9 5 5 MMC

Biology 11.2 10 31.3 39.8 63 376.3 223 293.4 225 NPS

4.1 12.6 (11 ) NMFS

39.7 40.2 42.3 NSF

48 24 Navy

Gray Whale:

Population Assessment 31.4 (32.7) (38.8) (52.8) (103) 25.7 NHFS

37 9 Navy

(317.4) (536.4) MMS

Assessment of HumanInduced Impact 14.7 16.5 9.8 20.6 3.8 6 MMC '"

Biology 187.7 58.1 497 MMS

Northern Right Whale:

Population Assessment 27.8 25 47.7 (11 ) NMFS

3 4 32.1 MMC

Biology 9 Navy

Killer Whale

Population Assessment 17 (17.6) (38'.8) (52.7) 3 NMFS

37.9 7.9 MMC

(15.3) NSF

Pilot Whales:

Population Assessment 10 Navy

(15.3) NSF

Biology (6.3) (5 ) SI

10 USDA
TABLE 6 (continued)

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research by Research Issue

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNDING

ISSUE 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 AGENCY

Belukha:

Population Assessment (44) (42.5) (17.2) 49.8 MMS

Biology 134 130.3 MMS

20 10 25 350 525 102 (100) (162.5) Navy

Harbor Porpoise:

Population Assessment 45 30 9.6 1 NMFS

4 GCRM

Dan Porpoise:

Population Assessment 210 6.9 264 (228 ) (165 ) (165 ) NMFS

Bottlenose Dolphin:

Population Assessment 55 68.3 1.9 15 MMC

180.8 219.9 221.8 248.3 236.5 248.5 NMFS

Biology 211 100 133 270 168 467 903.9 850 1074 1310 975.5 Navy

38.1 DHHS " 54.3 55.6 20 86.7 92 .8 85.3 90.1 107 48.9 56.5 221.3 NSF

15.8 31.8 0.5 4 MMC

9 13 .5 NMFS

Northern Fur Seal:

Population Assessment 395.2 339.5 354.4 352 (367) 430.2 246 156.6 263.3 (237.4)(309.5) NMFS

4.1 MMC

Biology 145.5 330.9 330.2 366 384 269.3 410.9 420.2 285.4 (237.4)(309.5) NMFS

32.2 1.5 MMC

70 96 88 Navy

Guadalupe Fur Seal:

Population Studies (13.3) (13.3) (16.7)· NMFS

Antarctic Seals:

Population Studies 125.8 115.8 50.3 97 68.4 39.9 49.9 NSF

Biology - 64.3 15.2 241. 1 172.7 89 70.4 171. 7 252.2 168.5 179 292 .9 NSF
TABLE 6 (continued)

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research by Research Issue

SPI,CIAL RESEARCH FUNDING

ISSUE 74 75 76 77 7B 79 80 81 82 83 84 AGENCY

Arctic Seals:

Population Studies 18.3 (20.6) NSF

9.7 NSGCP

78 157 85 65.4 MMS

Biology 7 MMC

55 NSGCP

136 201.1 237.6 212 281.6 157 292 MMS

38.8 NSF

75.5 NMFS

Hawaiian Monk Seal:

Population Assessment 55 38.2 52.3 52 31.2 50.9 31 (28) (15) FWS

(13.3) (13.3) (16.7) 3 108.3 102 311. 7 300 NMFS

60.9 MMC C<>

Biology 34.1 25.8 34.9 150 MMC

Gray Seal:

Population Studies (5.2) 10.2 MMC

2.3 1.3 1.4 NMFS

Biology 90 110 10 30 Navy

Harbor Seal:

Population Studies (5.3) 27 33.5 17.7 5.2 23.5 MMC

6 6 6 6 31 6 (3.5 ) NPS

53.7 NSGCP

3 11. 5 39.4 3.5 20 0.7 NMFS

Biology 2.3 8.6 2.8 7 MMC

65 60 (50 ) 50 MMS

25 Navy

36.3 23.8 NMFS

(15 ) OCRM

2.5 NSGCP

(50 ) (20) OHA
TABLE 6 (continued)

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research by Research Issue

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNDING

ISSUE 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 AGENCY

Northern Elephant Seal:

Population Studies (13.3) (13.3) (16.7) 4.1 NMFS

16 OCRM

Biology 27.9 25.9 27.2 33.1 31.8 41.2 30.2 45 51 61 NSF

10 5.3 12 MMC

43.5 51.7 38.4 DHHS

California Sea Lion:

Population Studies 7 82.5 NMFS

15 OCRM

(3.5) NPS

Biology 37.2 9.3 200 USDA

40 35 37 74 110 247 124 Navy

29.3 64.7 DHHS

50 NSF '"' 2 12.2 MMC

11 .8 22.4 42.5 SI

Steller Sea Lion:

Population Studies 157.1 145.5 155 148 95 MMS

34.9 NMFS

11.5 NPFMC

5 MMC

Walrus

Population Studies (160) 112.8 141.. 6 52 141.8 231.8 99 (50) (50) (53.9) FWS

130.3 150.1 25 MMS

5 MMC

Biology 17.6 27.3 NSGCP

38.7 48.4 20 MMC

77 .2 60.5 66.8 NSF
TABLE 6 (continued)

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research by Research Issue

SPECIAL RESEARCH FUNDING

ISSUE 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 AGENCY

Manatees·and Dugong:

Population Studies (60) 100 (143.8) 159.7 (236.6)(290.3)(265.7) (300) (150) (100) (211.8) FWS

50 NASA

0.5 3 NPS

0.8 109 4.5 MMC

10 MMS

Biology 19.2 (0) (0) (0) (127.2) 45 (52) (173 ) (291.6) (20) FWS

44 122 Army

Polar Bear

Population Studies (45) 214.3 (401) (303.1)(223.1) 251 (140.8) (200) (80) (73.7) (80.9) FWS

Biology 35.7 (50) (50 ) (50 ) (50 ) (54) (140) ( 100) (80.9) FWS

(150 ) 22.6 36.3 NSF N

0

Sea Otter:

Population Studies (45) (125) 157.2 151. 9 352.1 (530.4) (400) (185.2) (100) (195.2) FWS

21.1 770.8 86.1 MMS

Biology 13.5 27.3 DHHS

15.3 103.2 40.6 49.9 16 5.6 8.9 35.1 MMC

18.3 28 30 30 30 20 25 DOE

23.3 27.5 (28) (189.8) 200 470 (403.9).(196.8) FWS

59 124 463.2 MMS

*Amounts indicated in parentheses are estimated subunits of totals reported by agencies under more

general categories.

**Not all projects listed in Appendix B are reflected in this table) and a few projects have been

assigned to more than one issue.
21

II. RESEARCll AND STUDIES UNDER AUTHORITY

OF THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972

The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA)

established the Marine Mammal Commission and distributed

marine mammal protection and conservation

responsibilities to the Secretary of Commerce and the

Secretary of the Interior, including the agencies under

their purview. The Act acknowledged the need Eor

further information and encouraged research; some

responsibilities for research and its implementation

were designated in Sections 108, 109, 111, 112, 202, and

205. Prior to 1982, funding authorized for marine

mammal activities conducted by the National Marine

Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service were

authorized under Title I of the Act on a section by

section basis. As of Fiscal Year 1982, however,

authorized funding for the various sections was combined

so that Commerce and Interior now each receive a single

authorized funding level that covers all expenses

incurred under Title I. Table 7 is a list of annual

funding authorized under the various sections of the

Act, the amounts requested by agencies pursuant to the

Act, and amounts appropriated by Congress. Additional

federal funds have been spent in activities related to

marine mammals; the additional sources and amounts of

research funding are shown in Table 8 and Figure 2. The

number of personnel assigned to marine mammal research

versus administrative responsibilities within the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and

Wildlife Service Erom FY73 through FY84 are listed in

Table 9.
22

RESEARCH RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL

AGENCIES UNDER THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

Congress, in developing the Marine Mammal Protection Act, recognized

that there was inadequate knowledge of the ecology and population dynamics

of marine mammals as well as of other factors important for marine mammal

protection and conservation. The Act, therefore, specified certain

research and study responsibilities for the Department of Commerce,

Department of the Interior, and the Marine Mammal Commission.

The Secretary of Commerce was directed to undertake, in consultation

with the Marine Mammal Commission, a study of the North Pacific fur seals

to determine whether herds of such seals, subject to the jurisdiction of

the United SCates, are presently at their optimum sustainable population

and what population trends are evident. The Secretary was also to

undertake a comprehensive study in consultation with the Secretary of

State, to determine what modifications, if any, should be made to the

provisions of the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention, or of the Marine

Mammal Protection Act, or both, to make the Convention and the Act

consistent with each other. These studies were to be completed by 21

October 1973 [Sec. 108 (b) (I)J.

The Secretary of Commerce was also directed to immediately undertake a

program of research and development for the purpose of devising improved

fishing methods and gear so as to reduce to the maximum extent practicable

the incidental taking of marine mammals in connection with commercial

fishing. For purposes of this research, Congress authorized the sum of

$1,000,000 to be appropriated for both FY73 and FY74. Funds appropriated

for this research remain available until expended [Sec. III (a)].

Both the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior are

authorized by the Act to make grants to each state whose laws and

regulations relating to protection and management of marine mammals which

primarily inhabit waters or lands within the boundaries of that state are

found to be consistent with the purposes and policies of the Act. The

purpose of such grants shall be to assist such states in developing and

implementing state programs for the protection and management of such

marine mammals. Such grants are not to exceed 50 per centum of the costs

of a particular program's development and implementation [Sec. 109 (b)J.

The Secretaries are also authorized to make, after review by the

Marine Mammal Commission, grants to any federal or state agency, public or

private institution, or other person to enable research on topics relevant

to the protection and conservation of marine mammals. Authorized to be

appropriated for these grants in FY73 and for each of the next four fiscal

years was an amount not to exceed $2,500,000 -- one-third of the sum to be

available to the Secretary of the Interior and two-thirds to the Secretary

of Commerce [Sec. 110 (a) (b) (c)J.
23

The Secretaries, as appropriate, are directed to review annually the

operation of each program in which the United States participates involving

the taking of marine mammals on land [Sec. 112 (d)]. The Secretaries are

required by the Act to report annually to the public and to the Congress on

the current status of all marine mammal species·and population stocks

subject to the provision of the Act [Sec. 103 (f)].

The Marine Mammal Commission established under Section 201 of the Act

was directed in Section 202 (a) to:

1. Undertake a review and study of the activities of the United

States pursuant to existing laws and international

conventions relating to marine mammals, including, but not

limited to, the International Convention for the Regulation

of Whaling, the Whaling Convention Act of 1949, the Interim

Convention on the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals,

and the Fur Seal Act of 1966;

2. Conduct a continuing review of the condition of the stocks

of marine mammals, of methods for their protection and

conservation, of humane means of taking·marine mammals, of

research programs conducted under authority of the Act, and

of all applications for permits; and

3. Undertake or cause to be undertaken such other studies as it

deems necessary or desirable in connection with its

assigned duties as to the protection and conservation of

marine mammals.

The Act gave the Commission access to all studies and data compiled by

federal agencies regarding marine mammals. With the consent of the

appropriate Secretary or agency head, the Commission may also utilize the

facilities or services of any federal agency and shall take every feasible

step to avoid duplication of research and to carry out the purposes of the

Act [Sec. 205J.
TABLE 7

FEDERAL FUNDING UNDER TilE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

AUTIlORIZEDa REQUESTEDb APPROPRIATEDc

Sec Sec Sec Sec Total Sec Sec Sec Sec Total Sec Sec Sec Sec Total

109 110 114 207 109 110 114 207 109 110 114 207

Department of

Commerce (NMFS)

FY73 1000* 1667 2000 - 4667 375* - 1090 - 1465

FY74 1000* 1667 2000 - 4667 900* - 4400 - 5300 - 250 1350 - 1600

FY75 - 1667 2000 - 3667 -- 250 2300 - 2550 - 250 1350 - 1600

FY76 - 1667 2000 - 3667 -- 250 2300 - 2550 - 1100 1697 - 2797

FY77 - 1667 3000 - 4667 - 1667 3272 - 4939 - 1667 2778 - 4445

FY78 - 200 11500 - 11700 -- - 4872 - 4872 - - 4872 - 4872

FY79 225 2700 8500 - 11425 -- 200 6842 - 7042 - 200 6842 - 7042

FY80 225 2700 9000 - 11925 - 100 6628 - 6728 - 100 7128 - 7228

FY81 225 2700 9500 - 12425 - 100 7775 - 7875 - 100 6980 - 7080

FY82 ----7223---- - 7223 ----7416---- - 7416 ----7416---- - 7416 N

FY83 ----8000---- - 8000 -----7416---- - 7416 ----7475---- - 7475 '" FY84 ----8000---- - 8000 -----5571---- - 5571 ----7700---- - 7700

Department of

Interior (FWS)

FY73 - 833 700 - 1553 -- 100 700 - 800 - 0 0 - 0

FY74 - 833 525 - 1358 -- 400 300 - 700 - 400 300 - 700

FY75 - 833 525 - 1358 -- 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY76 - 833 525 - 1358 -- 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY77 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY78 - 1200 850 - 2050 -- 833 525 - 1358 - 950 589 - 1539

FY79 400 1300 650 - 2350 -- 1000 600 - 1600 400 1000 600 - 2000

FY80 400 1500 760 - 2660 400 1000 600 - 2000 400 1000 600 - 2000

FY81 400 2100 876 - 3376 400 1000 600 - 2000 400 1000 600 - 2000

FY82 ----1600---- - 1600 -----1600---- - 1600 ----1600---- - 1600

FY83 ----1760---- - 1760 -----1600---- - 1600 ----1600---- - 1600

FY84 ----2000---- - 2000 -----13 98-~-- - 1398 ----1398---- - 1398
TABLE 7 (continued)

Federal Funding Under the Marine Mammal Protection Act

AUTHORIZEOa REQUESTEO b APPROPRIATEOc

Sec Sec Sec Sec Total Sec Sec Sec Sec Total Sec Sec Sec Sec Total

109 110 114 207 109 110 114 207 109 110 114 207

Mari.ne Mammal

Commission

FY73 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 0 0 - - - 0 0

FY74 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 825 825 - - - 412 412

FY75 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 750 750

FY76 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 900 900

FY77 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000

FY78 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 900 900 - - - 900 900

FY79 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 702 702 - - - 702 702

FY80 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 640 640 - - - 940 940

FY81 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 734 734

FY82 - - - 672 672 - - - 672 672 - - - 672 672 N

FY83 - 1000 1000 - - - 594 594 - - - 822 822 en - -

FY84 - - - 1100 1100 - - - 648 648 - - - 929 929

*Section III funds aAuthorized under sections of the Act. As of FY82. funding for all Title I sections was combined.

bRequested funding of the agencies

c Funds subsequently appropriated by Congress
26

TABLE 8

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

OTHER THAN THOSE APPROPRIATED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

NOAA/National Marine

Fisheries Service

FY73

FY74

FY75

FY76

TQ76

FY77

FY78

FY79

FY80

FY81

FY82

FY83

FY84

Source

NMFS Reprogramming

NOAA Reserve

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Reprogramming and Reserve

Fur Seal Act Authorization

NOAA Reserve

Fur Seal Act Authorization

NMFS Reprogramming

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act Authorization

Saltonstall-Kennedy Reserve

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act Authroization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

Amount

300

424

309

309

295

395

442

595

59

148

595

294

78

595

294

595

132

595

1428.4

595

775

595

o

595

619
27

TABLE 8 (continued)

Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research Other Than Those Appropriated

Under Authority of the Marine Mammal Protection Act

DOl/Fish and

Wildlife Service Source

FY73 FWS Appropriation

FY74 FWS Appropriation

FY75 FWS Appropriation

FY76 FWS Appropriation

TQ76 FWS Appropriation

FY77 FWS Appropriation

FY78 Endangered Species Act Authorization

FY79 E"dangered Species Act Authorization

FY80 Endangered Species Act Authorization

FWS Appropriation

FY81 Endangered Species Act Authorization

FY82 Endangered Species Act Authorization

FY83 Endangered Species Act Authorization

FY84 Endangered Species Act Authorization

Amount

149

49

75

67.2

16.1

16

93.7

213 .1

162

82.2

521. 7

502.2

450.9

1208
FIGURE 2

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

BY THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND

THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE

FY73-FY84

(Thousands of Dollars)

5100-

4800-

4500-

4200

3900

3600-

3300':

3000

2700

2400

2100-

1800

m

o

Funds under authority of MMPA

Funds other than appropriated

under authority of MMPA

1-:.:.:.:.:.'

I,:,:::!:::! ...........

it:j!j!i

:;:;:::;:::::

I:II::!I::1

:~mrt

I

::::::::::::~

F.~.·.~.·o!o·

to.>

'"

;If~~f~f~fif

I:!!I:!:I!!

1500

1200

900

600-

300-

r--

t---l

NMFS FWS

FY73

'{tit

::::::::::::

Itbm

Illllllilli

NMFS FWS

FY74

'Iii!!iil!!!

kw.:r:.

FII!!!II!111

NMFS FWS

FY75

r..:.:.:.:.'

NMFS FWS

FY76*

NMFS

I

FWS

FY77

I:;:;:;:;:;::

NMFS FWS

FY78

b:::::·:·

~,;:;:;:;:;:!

NMFS FWS NMFS FWS

FY79 FY80

NMFS FWS NMFS FWS NMFS FWS NMFS FWS

FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84

*FY76 data include transition quarter (July-September 1976)
TABLE 9

NUMBER OF PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO MARINE MAMMAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

IN THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. FY73 - FY84*

National Marine Fisheries Service**

FY73 FY74 FY75 FY76 TQ76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84

Administrative II 28 28 42 49 7 8 86.5 33.5 27.1 16 19.9

Research 23 26 33 31 29 17 20 48.9 60.7 61.2 42.7 55.3

NMFS Total: 34 54 61 73 78 24 28 135.4 166.1 94.2 88.3 58.7 75.2 N

'"

Fish and Wildlife Service Personnel***

FY73 FY74 FY75 FY76 TQ76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84

Administrative ? 12. I 14. I 15.2   16.6 17. I 20.3 24.6 23.3 21.5 6 18.1

Research 2.6 6.0 11.0 II. 8 ** ** 14.8 13.2 17.2 17.4 17.8 16.5 16 17.6

FWS Total: 2.6+ 18.1 25.1 27.0 **** 31.4 30.3 37.5 42.0 41.1 38.0 22 35.7

*Figures provided by the Agencies.

**The National Marine Fisheries Service changed their method of reporting at least twice -- once in

FY77 (to number of personnel) and again in FY79 (to permanent employee man-years).

***Reported in man-years FY73-FY81 and as full-time equivalents thereafter.

****Man-years maintained at 24% of the FY76 level.
30

III. APPENDIX A

PUBLICATIONS IDENTIFIED BY AGENCIES AS

SOURCES OR PENDING SOURCES OF

MARINE MAMMAL INFORMATION FROM FUNDED RESEARCH AND STUDIES

Department of Commerce

--National Marine Fisheries Service

Administrative reports of the various fisheries centers

Marine Mammal Division - Annual Reports on Fur Seal Inv,estigations

"Fishery Bulletin (NMFS, NOAA, Depattment of Commerce)

Marine Fisheries Review (NMFS, NOAA, Department of Commerce)

Journal of Mammalogy

International Whaling Commission Annual Reports

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (Journal Fisheries

Research Board of Canada)

Proceedings of the Conferences on the Biology of Marine Mammals

NOAA Technical Reports/NMFS Scientific Reports--Fisheries

Other journals as appropriate

--National Sea Grant College Program

Marine Mammal Information

--NOAA/OCSEAP reports (see Minerals Management Service below)

--Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, Sanctuary Programs

Division

Administrative reports of contractors

Fishery Bulle tin

Marine Fisheries Review

Proceedings of the Conferences on the Biology of Marine Mammals

NOAA Technical Reports

Department of Defense

--Department of the Air Force

Headquarters Space Division Technical Report

Space Shuttle Final Environmental Impact Statement

--Department of the Navy

Naval Ocean Systems Center Technical Reports

Marine Fisheries Review

Annals of the New York Academy of Science

Fishery Bulletin

Vision Research

Cetology
31

Deep-Sea Research

Journal Acoustical Society of America

American Journal of Veterinary Research

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Biology of Reproduction

Can~dian Journal of Zoology

Acta Zoologica Fennica

Science

Polar Record

Arctic

Breviora

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Microbios Letters

Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History

Journal of Mammalogy

Conference proceedings

Contributions to edited books

Department of Energy

Progress reports on projects

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Ecological Monographs

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Environmental Conservation

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Department of the Interior

--Fish and Wildlife Service

North American Fauna Series

U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,

Wildlife Research Reports

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fish and Wildlife

Laboratory Reports

Acta Anatomica

Acta Zoologica

Aquatic Mammals

Biological Conservation

Fishery Bulletin

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Journal of Comparative Physiology

Journal of Mammalogy

Journal of Morphology

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Journal of Wildlife Management

National Technical Information Service

Cornell Veterinarian

Florida Scientist

Northeast Gulf Science

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

Bulletin of Marine Science

Zoomorphology
32

--Geological Survey

Systematic Zoology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Paleobiology

Geological Survely Professional Papers

Publications of the Charleston Museum

--Minerals Management Service

NOAA!OCSEAP Annual Reports

NOAA!OCSEAP Final Reports

NOAA!OCSEAP Lease Area Synthesis Reports

Other reports available through the National Technical

Information Service

--National Park Service

Project reports to the National Park Service

Department of State

Project reports available through National Technical

Information Service

EIS: Possible Regime for the Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources

IWC Scientific Reports

Marine Mammal Commission

Reports available through the National Technical

Information Service

National Science Foundation

Antarctic Journal of the United States

Antarctic Bibliography

Other publications as appropriate

Smithsonian Institution

Fishery Bulletin

Journal of Mammalogy

Journal of Marine Mammalogy

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Systematic Zoology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Paleobiology

Florida State Museum, Plaster Jacket

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Zoology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Marine Sciences

Contributions to edited books
33

IV. APPENDIX B

LISTING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND STUDY PROJECTS,

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS, AND FUNDING LEVEL

FOR FY80 - FY84*

COMPILED FROM INFORMATION PROVIDED

THE MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION

BY EACH AGENCY

AND SUPPLEMENTED WITH INFORMATION FROM THE

SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE (SSIE)

*For a listing of projects for the period FY70-FY79, see Waring, G. H., 1981,

Survey of federally-funded marine mammal research and studies, FY70-FY79,

Publication PB81-174336, National Technical Information Service, Springfield,

Virginia, 235 p.
34

Department of Agriculture

FY80

Gelberg, H. (Plum Island Animal Disease Center)

Comparative Swine and Pinniped Pathology

of Swine Vesicular Exanthema and San Miguel

Sea Lion Viruses

FY8l

Forrester, D.J. (U. Florida)

Epizootiology of Parasites of Wildlife in

Florida--Pilot Whale (FL-VY-0185l)

Jenness, R.. CU. Minnesota)

Comparative Biochemistry of Milks of Various

Mammals (incl. sea otter)

Kim, K.C. (Pennsylvania State U.)

Biology and Ecology of Mammalian Ectoparasites

(Steller sea lion, northern fur seal, sea otter, rats)

Schmidly, D.J. (Texas A&M U.)

A Resource Analysis of Non-game Mammals in Texas

with Emphasis on Fur-bearing Species (incl. whale

aerial survey)

FY82 - FY84

(No projects)

Department of Commerce

1. National Marine Fisheries Service

A. Alaska Regional Office

FY81

Hall, J.D. (Solace Enterprises)

Population Studies of Humpback Whales and

Monitoring of Vessel Traffic in Southwestern

Prince William Sound, Alaska (81-ABC-00265)

FY82

Calkins, D. (Alaska Department of Fish and Game)

Study of Pinnipeds in Southern Alaska (81-ABC-00280)

$ ?

$ 10 K

$ 22.2K

$ 17.9K

$ 34.6K

$ 14.4K

$ 69. 7K
35

FY83

Calkins, D. and K. Pitcher (Alaska Department of

Fish and Game)

Pinniped Investigations (81-ABC-00280)

FY84

Calkins, D. and K. Pitcher (Alaska Department of

Fish and Game)

Pinniped Investigations in Southern Alaska

(81-ABC-00280)

B. Northeast Fisheries Center

FY80

Austin, R.M. (Virginia Institute of Marine Science)

Distribution and Abundance of Bottlenose Dolphins

in the Nearshore Waters of Virginia (NA80FA-D8)

Gilbert, J.R. (U. Maine)

Impact of Harbor Seal Populations on New England

Fisheries (NA80FA-C29)

Katona, S.K. (College of the Atlantic)

Creating and Maintaining a Catalog of Individually

Identified Humpback Whales (NA80FA-D6)

Mayo, C.A. III (Provincetown Center of Coastal Studies)

Summary of Recent Observations from Whale-Watching

Boats off Provincetown, Massachusetts (NA80FA-D3)

Powers, K.D. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Development and Supervision of an Oceanic Marine

Mammal Observer Training Program (NA80FA-D4)

Habitat Usage by Harbor Seals at Winter Haul-out

Site in Cape Cod Bay (NA80FA-D5)

Prescott, J.H. (New England Aquarium)

Characterization of Habitat and Distribution; an

Estimate of Population Size; and an Assessment of

the Impact of Human Activities on the Harbor

Porpoise (NA80FA-D9)

An Assessment of the Distribution and Relative

Abundance of Large Cetaceans in the Western Approaches

to the Bay of Fundy (NA80FA-C48)

Organize and Convene a Workshop on Humpback Whales

of the Western North Atlantic in Fall 1980 (NA80FA-C55)

$ 75.5K

$ 0 K

$ 9.9K

$ 36. 7K

$ 23. 4K

$ 4.9K

$ 24.7K

$ 9.4K

$ 45 K

$ 15. 7K
36

Investigation of Harbor Seal Mortality and Determination

of the Infectious Agent in the New England Region

(NASOFA-H9) $ 30 K

Schurman, V.R. (Cape Cod Museum of Natural History)

A Report on the Grey Seal Population at Nantucket,

Massachusetts (NASOFA-A229) $ 2.3K

Sears, R.

Behavior

Shore of

(Mingan Island Cetacean Study, Falmouth)

and Distribution of Cetaceans on the North

the Gulf of St. Lawrence (NASOFB-A241) $ 2.5K

Stangroom, R. (Kendall Whaling Museum, Sharon)

Compilation of Biological Data from 19th Century

Whaling Logbooks and Journals (NASOFA-D2)

FYS1

Conlogue, G. and J. Ogden (Yale U.)

Radiographing Harbor Seal Flippers as a Method

of Determining Age (NA-S1-FB-A-00230)

Gilbert, J. (U. Maine)

Harbor Seal Population Estimation and Marine

Mammal/Fisheries Interactions (NA-80-FA-C-00029)

Coordinate Winter Census of Harbor Seals,

Block Is. to Eastport, ME (amendment to above)

Katona, S. (College of the Atlantic)

Maintaining and Improving the Humpback Whale

Fluke Catalog (NA-S1-FA-C-00027)

Mattila, D. (Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies)

Humpback Whale Fluke Identification Off the

NW Coast of Puerto Rico (NA-S1-FA-D-00003)

Nichols, G., H. Wino and J. Lien (Ocean Research and

Education Society, Boston)

Support of Steering Committee to Establish

International Consortium for Humpback Whale

Research (NA-S1-FB-A-00221)

Powers, K. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Implementation of Marine Mammal Observer Program

Aboard NMFS Ships (NA-S1-FA-e-00023)

Prescott, J. (New England Aquarium)

The North Atlantic Right Whale in the Lower Bay

of Fundy (NA-S1-FA-C-00030)

Winter Aerial Survey of the Bay of Fundy

(amendment of above)

$ 5 K

$ 1.5K

$ 45.9K

$ 3.5K

$ 47.1K

$ 9.2K

$ 2 K

$ 41.2K

$ 25.3K

$ 2.5K
37

Schurman, V. (Cape Cod Museum of Natural History)

Population Survey of Grey Seals at Nantucket

Island, MA (NA-81-FB-A-00282)

Weinrich, M. (Glocester Fishermen's Museum)

Behavior and Ecology of Humpback Whales Off

Glocester, MA (NA-81-A-00231)

FY82

Gilbert, J. (U. Maine)

Harbor Seal Population Estimation and Marine

Mammal/Fisheries Interactions (NA-80-FA-G-00029)

Katona, S. (College of the Atlantic)

Maintaining and Improving the Humpback Whale

Catalog (NA-81-FA-C-00027)

Mattila, D. (Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies)

Humpback Whale Fluke Identification Off the NW

Coast of Puerto Rico (NA-81-FA-D-00003)

Payne, P.M. and C.C. Rimmer (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Radio Tracking of the Harbor Seal in

Massachusetts (NA-82-FA-C-00007)

Powers, K. and P.M. Payne (Manomet Bird Obseratory)

Implementation of Marine Mammal Observer Program

Aboard NMFS Ships (NA-81-FA-C-00023)

Prescott, J. and S. Kraus (New England Aquarium)

The North Atlantic Right Whale in the Lower Bay

of Fundy (NA-81-FA-C-00030)

A Characterization of Habitat and Distribution, an

Estimation of Population Size, and an Assessment of

the Impact of Human Activities on the Harbor

Porpoise (NA-82-FA-C-00027)

FY83

Gilbert, J.R. (U. Maine)

Harbor Seal Population Estimate and Marine

Mammal/Fisheries Interaction (NA80FAC-00029)

Hyman, M. (U. Rhode Island)

Calculations of Biomass and Energetics Requirements

of the Cetacean Component of the Northeast United

States Outer Continental Shelf (NA83FAC-00009)

Katona, S.K. (College of the Atlantic)

The North Atlantic Humpback Fluke Catalogue

(NA8IFAC-00027)

$ 1.3K

$ 2.IK

$ 40 K

$ 25 K

$ 14 K

$ 20 K

$ 30 K

$ 25 K

$ 30 K

$ 15 K

$ 10 K

$ 15 K
38

Lambertson, R. (U. Florida)

Biopsy Research of North Atlantic Humpbacks for

Sex Determination (NA83FAC-00017)

Mattila, D. (Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies)

Humpback Fluke Identification Off NW Puerto Rico

(NA83FAC-OOOOH)

Payne, M. and C. Rimmer (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Radio Tracking of the Harbor Seal (NA82FA-00007)

Powers, K. and M. Payne (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Marine Mammal Observer Program (NA81FAC-00023)

Prescott, J. (New England Aquarium)

Harbor Porpoise Habitat, Distribution, Population

Estimate, and Assessment of Impact of Human

Activities (NA80FAD-00009)

Prescott, J. and S. Kraus (New England Aquarium)

Right Whales in the Bay of Fundy (A81FAC-00030)

Prescott, R. (Massachusetts Audubon Society)

Impact of Decaying Pilot Whale Carcasses on a

Salt Marsh (NA83FBA-00075)

Shurman, V. (Cape Cod Museum of Natural History)

Grey Seals on Nantucket Island (NA83FBA-00075)

FY84

Gilbert, J.R. and K.M. Wynne (U. Maine)

Marine Mammal and Commercial Fishery Interactions

(NA80FAC00029)

Katona, S.K. (College of the Atlantic)

Maintenance of the Humpback Whale Catalogue

(NA84EAC0080)

Mantilla, D. (Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies)

1984 Fluke Identification Survey and Song Recordings

of Humpback Whales Along the NW Coast of Puerto

Rico (NA83FAC00004)

Mayo, C. (Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies)

Study of Right and Humpback Whales and Habitats of

Stellwagen Bank and Cape Cod Bay (NA84EAC00084)

Payne, P.M. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Monitoring and Assessment of Cetaceans in the Shelf

Water of the Northeastern United States (NA84EAC00062)

$ 12.6K

$ 14 K

$ 23.8K

$ 30.9K

$ 7.2K

$ 47.7K

$ 2.6K

$ 1.4K

$ 14.8K

$ 23.1K

$ 7 K

$ 22 K

$ 52.5K
39

Winter Harbor Seal Population Survey in Southern

New England (NA84ENAOOl49)

c. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center,

National Marine Mammal Laboratory

FY80

Braham, H. (NMML)

Arctic Whales--Bowhead (NWC-S9)

DeLong, R. and R. Everitt (NMML and Washington

Department of Game)

Washington-Oregon Marine Mammal/Fisheries

Interactions (NWC-S3)

Fiscus, C. and R. Delong (NMML)

Pinnipeds (NWC-S3)

Fowler, C.W. and A. Roppel (NMML)

Northern Fur Seal Population (NWC-3)

Gentry, R. (NMML)

Fur Seal Studies--St. George Island (NWC-Sl)

Jones, L. (NMML)

Dall's Porpoise Investigations (NWC-4)

Kajimura, H. (NMML)

Marine Mammal Ecosystem--Pelagic (NWC-S7)

Keyes, M.C. (NMML)

Veterinary Medical Services (NWC-S6)

McAlister, W.B. (NMML)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interactions

--Bering Sea (NWC-S)

Rice, D. et al. (NMML)

Endangered Cetaceans (NWC-SS)

FYSl

Braham, H. and B. Krogman (NMML)

Arctic Whales--Bowhead (NWC-DS9)

DeLong, R. (NMML)

Pinnipeds (including Columbia River Marine

Mammal/Fishery Interaction Study) (NWC-OS3)

Fowler, C.W. and A. Roppel (NMML)

Northern Fur Seal Population (NWC-003)

$ O.7K

$737.2K

$l76.2K

$ 9S.5K

$246 K

$27S.4K

$264 K

$132.SK

$ 61. SK

$lSS.SK

$340.SK

$76S .lK

, $l48.SK

$l52.6K
40

Gentry, R. (NMML)

Fur Seal Studies--St. George Island (NWC-Q51) $287.7K

Jones, L. and D. Rice

Endangered and Small

Porpoise) (NWC-058)

(NMML)

Cetaceans (including Dall

$433.0K

Kajimura, H. (NMML)

Marine Mammal Ecosystems--Pelagic (NWC-057)

Keyes, M.C. (NMML)

Veterinary Medical Services (NWC-056)

McAlister, W.B. and R. DeLong (NMML)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interactions--Bering Sea

(NWC-008)

FY82

Braham, H.W. (NMML)

Arctic Whales--Bowhead (NWC-059)

$132.5K

$ 61.8K

$155.5K

$456.9K

DeLong, R.1-

Pinnipeds

(NMML)

(NWC-053) $199.4K

Fowler, C.W. (NMML)

Northern Fur Seal Populations and Monitoring

(NWC-003 )

Gentry, R.L. (NMML)

Fur Seal Studies--St. George Island (NWC-OS1)

Jones, L.L. (NMML)

Endangered and Small Cetaceans (NWC-058)

[plus additional $228K from Japan for Dall

porpoise research]

Keyes, M.C. (NMML)

Veterinary Medical Services and Research (NWC-056)

Loughlin, T.R. (NMML)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interactions--Bering Sea

Ecosystem (NWC-008)

FY83

Braham, H.W., L.L. Jones and J. Breiwick (NMML)

Population Assessment of Endangered and Small

Whales (NWC-358)

DeLong, R.L. and T.R. Loughlin (NMML)

Assessment of Pinniped Populations and Marine

Mammal/Fishery Interactions (NWC-353)

$263.3K

$285.4K

$374 K

$ 57.3K

$159.3K

$649.5K

$21l.4K
41

Fowler, C.W., R. Gentry and M. Keyes (NMML)

Fur Seal Research Program (NWC-303)

Tillman, M.F. and R.V. Miller (NMML)

Laboratory Administration and International

Treaty Research (NWC-352)

FY84

Braham, H.W. and R.V. Miller (NMML)

Laboratory Administration and International

Treaty Research (NWC-352)

DeLong, R.L. and T.R. Loughlin (NMML)

Assessment of Pinniped Populations and Marine

Mammal/Fishery Interactions (NWC-353)

Fowler, C.W. and R. Gentry (NMML)

Fur Seal Research Program (NWC-303)

Jones, L.L., M.K. Nerini and J. Breiwick (NMML)

Population Assessment of Endangered and

Small Cetaceans (NWC-358)

D. Southeast Fisheries Center

FY80

Benigno, J. (SEFC)

Marine Mammal Project Management (88C4LIKB)

Benigno, J. and R. Ford (SEFC)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics (88C4LIKC)

Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Stranding and

Salvage Network (88C4LIKG)

Benigno, J. and R. Gracy (SEFC)

Tursiops Population Analysis

FY81

Benigno, J. (SEFC)

Marine Mammal Project Management--Tursiops

(88C4LIKB)

Ford, R. Jr. (SEFC)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics (88C4LIKC)

Marine Mammal Stranding and Salvage Network

(88C4LIKN)

$474.8K

$294 K

$249.5K

$219.1K

$619 K

$971 K

$ 51.8K

$105 K

$ 20 K

$105 K

$ 56.8K

$118 K

$ 30 K
42

Gracy, R. and J. Powers (SEFC)

Tursiops Population Survey and Analysis

(88C4LIKD)

FY82

Ford, R. Jr. (SEFC, Mississippi Lab.)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics (FSN230-8LIACMJC)

Gracy, R. (SEFC, Mississippi Lab.)

Local Tursiops Population Surveys (FSN230-8LIACMJD)

Powers, J. (SEFC, Miami Lab.)

Local Tursiops Population Analysis (88C4LlKA)

Scott, G. (SEFC, Miami Lab.)

Southeast U.S. Marine Mammal Stranding and

Salvage Network (FSNOOO-8LICCOJL)

FY83

Carew, R. (MAR, Inc.)

Local Tursiops Population Surveys

(FSN230-8LIACMJD)

Carley, W. (Aero Systems, Inc.)

Regional Surveys and Estimates of Tursiops

Abundance (FSNOOO-8LICCOJB)

Duffield, D. (Genetik Associates)

Genetic Variability in Tursiops truncatus

and Caretta caretta (FSNOOO-8L1CCOJK)

Ford, R. (SEFC, Mississippi)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics (FSN230-8LIACMJC)

Odell, D. (U. Miami)

Southeast U.S. Marine Mammal Stranding and Salvage

Network (FSNOOO-8L1CCOJL)

Powers, J. (SEFC, Miami)

Tursiops Population Analysis (FSNIOO-8L1CCOJA)

Scott, G.P. (SEFC, Miami)

Marine Mammal Program Management (FSNOOO-8L1CCOJE)

Photogammetric Estimation of Tursiops

(FSNOOO-8L1CCOJH)

$ 47 K

$ 43.5K

$132 K

$ 72.8K

$ 31.5K

$ 28.5K

$128 K

$ 27 K

$ 20 K

$ 22 K

$ 19 K

$ 53.7K

$ 41 K
43

FY84

Duffield, D. (Genetik Associates) and S. Braddon (SEFC,

Charleston)

Genetic Variability in Tursiops truncatus and

Caretta caretta (FSNOOO-8LICCOJK)

Ford, R. (SEFC, Mississippi)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics

(FSN230-8LIC5TJD)

Odell, D. (U. Miami)

Southeast u.s. Marine Mammal Stranding and

Salvage Network (FSNOOO-8LIC4TJL)

Scott, G. (SEFC, Miami)

Tursiops Population Analysis

(FSNIOO-8LIC4TJA)

Marine Mammal Program Management (FSNOOO-8LIC4TJE)

Photogrammetric Estimation of Tursiops

(FSNIOO-8LIC4TJH)

Scott, G. (SEFC, Miami) and G. Carter (Biological

Surveys Inc.)

Regional Surveys and Estimates of Tursiops

Abundance (FSNIOO-8LIC4TJB)

E. Southwest Fisheries Center

FY80

Gilmartin, W. (SWFC)

Hawaiian Monk Seal

Perrin, W., D. Au and J. Henderson (SWFC)

Assessment of Coastal Marine Mammals for

Management

Perrin, W., J. Coe and W. Stunz (SWFC)

Marine Mammal Technology, Behavior and Physiology

Perrin, W., A. Myrick and J. Jennings (SWFC)

Marine Mammal Biological Studies

Smith, T., R. Holt and D. Au (SWFC)

Porpoise Stock Assessment

Smith, T., C. Oliver and N. Lo (SWFC)

Quantitative Analysis and Data Management

$ 0 K

$ 48.5K

$ 2 K

$ 20 K

$ 81 K

$ 5 K

$175 K

$108.3K

$111.5K

$433.1K

$382.4K

$676.9K

$346.9K
44

FY81

DeMaster, D.P. (SWFC)

Assessment of Coastal Marine Mammals

for Management (096)

Gilmartin, W.G. (SWFC)

Marine Mammals and Endangered Species

Perrin, W.F. (SWFC)

Marine Mammal Technology, Behavior and

Physiology (010)

Research on the Biology of Dolphins for

Stock Assessment (011)

$176.1K

$110.5K

$303.6K

$430.2K

Smith, T.D.

Assessment

Management

( SWFC)

of Dolphin Populations for

(008) $615 K

Marine Mammal Mortality Monitoring and Data

Management (057)

FY82

DeMaster, D.P. (SWFC)

Assessment of Coastal Marine Mammals (096)

Gilmartin, W.G. (SWFC)

Marine Mammal and Endangered Species

Identification (119)

Perrin, W.F. (SWFC)

Research on the Biology of Dolphins for

Stock Assessment (011)

Ralston, F. (SWFC)

Marine Mammal Monitoring and Data Management (057)

Sakagawa, G. (SWFC)

Assessment of Dolphin Population for Management (008)

FY83

DeMaster, D. (SWFC)

Coastal Marine Mammal Assessment

Gilmartin, W.G. and J. R. Henderson (SWFC, Honolulu)

Hawaiian Monk Seal Research; Marine Mammal and

Endangered Species Investigations

Perrin, W. (SWFC)

Dolphin Biological Research for Stock Assessment

$246.7K

$254.3K

$102 K

$318.3K

$320.7K

$462 K

$271 K

$311. 7K

$331 K
45

Ralston, F. (SWFC)

Marine Mammal Mortality Monitoring and Data

Management

Sakagawa, G. (SWFC)

Assessment of Dolphin Population for Management

FY84

Coan, A. (SWFC)

Multispecies Data Management and Fisheries

Monitoring (SWC-057)

DeMaster, D. (SWFC)

Coastal Marine Mammals (SWC-096)

Gilmartin, W. (SWFC, Honolulu)

Hawaiian Monk Seal Research; Marine Mammal and

Endangered Species Program (SWC-119A,B,C)

Holt, R. (SWFC)

Dolphin Population Assessment (SWC-008)

Perrin, W. (SWFC)

Cetacean Biological Research for Stock

Assessment (SWC-Oll)

Reilly, S. (SWFC)

Multispecies Stock Assessment (SWC-012)

F. Southwest Regional Office

FYBO

Miller, D. (California Department of Fish and Game)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interaction Study (BO-JG-054)

[Additional funding of $77.4K from SWFC project on

Assessment of Coastal Marine Mammals for Management}

FY81

Miller, D. (California Department of Fish and Game)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interaction Study (81-JG-078)

[Additional funding of $76.5K from SWFC-096]

FYB2

Miller, D. (California Department of Fish and Game)

Harbor Seal Population Assessment/Marine Mammal

Mortality in California Gill Net Fisheries (82-ABH-B9)

[Additional funding of $2B.BK from SWFC-096]

$225 K

$570 K

$181.BK

$278.2K

$300 K

$410.6K

$296.5K

$ 96.7K

$ 65 K

$ 65 K

$110 K
46

FY83

Dohl, T.P. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Harbor Porpoise Survey (FSR 100 - FMR 300)

Hannon, D. (California Department of Fish and Game)

Coastal Mairne Mammal Study (FMR 300/FSR 100)

FY84

Ainley, D. (Point Reyes Bird Observatory)

Shore' Observations of Harbor Porpoise During

Vessel Census Days (84-JFA-00127)

Aubrey, F.T. and J.A. Thomas (Hubbs/Sea World

Research Institute)

Measurement of Sound Propagation from Several

Acoustic Harassment Devices (84-JFA-00062)

2. NOAA/OCSEAP (See Department of the Interior--MMS)

3. National Sea Grant College Program

FY80

Cicin-Sain, B. (U. California, San Diego)

Marine Mammal/Fisheries Conflicts: Emphasis on

Sea Otter/Shellfish Conflicts in California

Mate, B.. R.. (Oregon State U.)

Population Growth and Feeding Habits of Harbor

Seals in an Aquacultural-Enhanced Environment

FY81

Cicio-Sain, B. (U. California, Santa Barbara)

Marine Mammal/Fisheries Conflicts: Emphasis on

Sea Otter/Shellfish Fishery Conflicts

(NA80AA-D-00120A)

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Seal Exclusion System (NA81AA-D-00086)

FY82

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Seal Exclusion System (R/CP-19)

$ 2.4K

$115 K

$ 1 K

$ 2 K

$ 6 K

$ 53.7K

$ 5.1K

$ 30 K

$ 30 K
47

FY83

Lambertson, R.R. (U. Florida)

Quantitative Investigations of Natural Morbidity

and Mortality in Fin and Sei Whales of the

North Atlantic (M/LR-83-7)

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Applications of Acoustic Control to Marine

Mammals in Fisheries Conflicts (R/cp-22)

Scholz, A.T. (Eastern Washington U.)

Biotelemetry Investigations of Harbor Seals (RIM-I)

FY84

Costa, D.P. (U. California, San Diego)

Assessment of the Impact of the California Sea Lion

and Elephant Seal on Commercial Fisheries (R/F-92)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

Applications of Acoustic Control of Marine Mammals

in Fisheries Conflicts (R/cP-22)

4. North Pacific Fishery Management Council

FY80

Fay, F.H. and L.F. Lowry (U. Alaska and Alaska Department

of Fish and Game)

Seasonal Use and Feeding Habits of Walruses in the

Proposed Bristol Bay Clam Fishery Area

FY81

Calkins, D., L. Lowry and K. Frost (Alaska Department

of Fish and Game)

Compilation and Evaluation of Data on Feeding

Habits and Food Requirements of Marine Mammals

in the Bering Sea (81-4)

FY82

Melteff, B. (U. Alaska)

Workshop on Biological Interactions Among

Marine Mammals and Commercial Fisheries

in the Southeastern Bering Sea

FY83

Calkins, D.G. (Alaska Department of Fish and Game)

Sea Lion Pup Count in Shelikof Strait

$ 5 K

$ 39.2K

$ 2.5K

$ 24.5K

$ 55. lK

$ 97. 2K

$ 28.9K

$ 10 K

$ 11. 5K
48

FY84

Shomura, R.S. (SWFC, Honolulu)

Support for Workshop on Fate and Impact of

Marine Debris

5. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management,

Sanctuary Programs Division

FY81

Allen, S. and H. Huber (Point Reyes Bird Observatory)

Pinnipeds Along the Point Reyes Coastline

DeMaster, D. (NMFS/SWFC)

Pinniped Population Dynamics Monitoring

FY82

Allen, S. and H. Huber (Point Reyes Bird Observatory)

Pinnipeds Along the Point Reyes Coastline

Assessment of Pinniped/Human Interaction

DeMaster, D. (NMFS/SWFC)

Food Habits of Pinnipeds Within Channel Islands

National Marine Sanctuary

DeMaster, D. and R. DeLong (NMFS/SWFC)

Movement Patterns and Hauling-out Behavior of

Harbor Seals in Channel Islands National

Marine Sanctuary (funded under project above)

FY83

DeMaster, D. (NMFS/SWFC)

Pinniped Census at Santa Barbara Island

Cooperative Marine Mammal Salvage Effort on

San Miguel Island (no charge)

$ 5 K

$ 17 K

$ 50 K

S 19 K

S 7.8K

S 29.8K

S 2 K

DeMaster, D. and R. DeLong

Food Habits of Pinnipeds

Channel Islands NMS

(NMFS/SWFC)

at San Miguel Island,

S 12 K

Dohl, T. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Aerial Survey of Harbor Porpoises at

Pt. Reyes-Farallon Islands NMS

Leatherwood, S. (Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

Distribution and Ecology of Cetaceans in the

Channel Islands NMS

S 4 K

S 8 K
49

Mayo, C.A. (Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies)

Analysis of Cetacean Population Data for

Stellwagen Bank

FY84

DeMaster, D. (NMFS/SWFC)

Pinniped Monitoring in the Channel Islands NMS

DeMaster, D. and R. DeLong (NMFS/SWFC)

Determination of Critical Areas for California

Sea Lions in the Channel Island NMS

Huber, H. (Point Reyes Bird Obseratory)

Monitoring to Determine the Maximal Population

of Elephant Seals at the Farallon Islands

Perryman, W. (NMFS/SWFC)

Monitor Use of the Channel Islands NMS

by Cetaceans

6. Office of Oceanography and Marine Assessment

FY82

Calambokidis, J. (Cascadia Research Collective)

Pollutants in Marine Mammals from Washington

State (NA82-RACOOI26)

DeLong, R.L. (NMFS/NMML)

Assessment of Marine Pollutants in Tissues of

Harbor Seals from Southern Puget Sound, Washington

FY83

Calambokidis, J. (Cascadia Research Collective)

Biological Disorders Among Marine Mammals and Birds

in Puget Sound (83-ABC-00221)

DeLong, R.L. (NMFS/NMML)

Investigation of Premature Births and Neonatal

Mortality in Harbor Seals in Southern Puget

Sound, Washington

FY84

Calambokidis, J. (Cascadia Research Collective)

Biological Disorders Among Marine Mammals (harbor seal)

and Birds in Puget Sound (NC 3202)

$ 9.9K

$ 20 K

$ 15 K

$ 16 K

$ 30 K

$ 13 K

$ 45 K

$115.6K

$ 8 K

$ 0 K
50

Department of Defense

1. Air Force (Headquarters Space Division)

FY80

Jehl, J.R. and R. Schreiber (Hubbs-Sea World Research

Institute)

Effects of Loud Impulse Noises in Causing Startle

Behavior and/or Panic Responses in Pinnipeds

FY81

Jehl, J., C. Cooper and B. Stewart (San Diego State V.

and Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

Field Studies of Pinniped Populations Likely to be

Affected by Sonic Boom from the Space Shuttle

FY82 - FY83

(No proj ects)

FY84

Cooper, C. (San Diego State V.)

Studies of Pinnipeds on Southern California

Channel Islands (F04701-8-C-0018)

2. Army (Corp of Engineers)

FY80

Bengston, J. (V. Minnesota)

St. John's River Manatee Project Study

Haller, W.T. (V. Florida)

Herbicide Residues in Crystal River

FY81 - FY84

(No projects)

3. Navy

A. Naval Ocean Systems Center

FY80

Bowers, C.A. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Capabilities (Delphinapterus)

(MMOI5 lOCO )

$ 15 K

$ 79.2K

$ 6 K

$ 44 K

$ 78 K

$350 K
51

Gilmartin, W.G. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding (Tursiops) (MM02510B) $ 95 K

Gilmartin, W.G. and S.H. Ridgway

Marine Mammal Medical Research

Health (MM01510N)

(NOSC)

and Animal

$405 K

Hui, C.A. (NOSC)

Dolphin Bioenergetics (Delphinus) (MM02510H)

Nachtigall, P.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Behavioral and Biosonar Research (Tursiops)

(MM0151OK)

Tursiops Directional Hearing (MM02510D)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Neurophysiological Research (Tursiops

( ZS3951OA)

Schusterman, R.V. (California State U., Hayward)

Pinniped Behavioral Evaluation (Zalophus)

(MM0251OE)

Scronce, B. (NOSC)

Sea Lion Training Evaluation: Wild Caught vs.

Captive Born (ZaloDhus) (MM01510T)

IT81

Bowers, C.A. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Capabilities (Delphinapterus)

(MM01511C)

Hughes, T.W. (NOSC)

Dolphin Hydrodynamics (MM02511T)

Johnson, W. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding (MM02511B)

Nachtigall, P.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Behavioral Research (MMOI511K)

$ 79 K

$600 K

$ 60 K

$143 K

$ 27 K

$220 K

$525 K

$150 K

$100 K

$600 K

Ridgway,

Marine

Health

S.H. (NOSC)

Mammal Medical

(MM01511N)

Research and Animal

$211 K

Neurophysiological Research (ZS39511A) $143 K
52

FY82

Au, W.W. (NOSC)

Dolphin Critical Bandwidth/Critical Ratio

(MM025l2D)

Haun, J.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Hydrodynamics (MM025121; ZS81512A;

MM29512A)

Risso's Dolphin Echolocation (MM02512X)

Nachtigall, P.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Behavioral and Biosonar Research

(MM01512K; MM01512D; MM01512Z)

Penner, R.H. (NOSC)

Beluga Echolocation (MM02512K)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Signal Processing by Dolphins: Communication

and Cognition (ZS39512A)

Marine Mammal Medical Research and Animal

Health (MM01512N)

Schroeder, J.P. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding (MM02512B)

FY83

Au, W.W. (NOSC)

Target Strength Characterization by Echolocating

Dolphins (Tursiops) (MM02513D)

Friedl, W.A. (NOSC)

Taste Reception in Dolphins and Sea Lions (MM01513R)

Haun, J .E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Hydrodynamics (Tursiops)

(MM02513T, MM29513A, MM30513A, ZS81513A)

Moore, P. W. (NOSC)

Dolphin Echolocation Pulse Control (MM02513P)

Penner, R.H. (NOSC)

Echolocation Comparisons (cetaceans) (MM02513K)

$129 K

$345 K

$ 50 K

$331 K

$102 K

$ 75 K

$298 K

$194 K

$141 K

$260 K

$440 K

$130 K

$200 K

Ridgway,

Marine

Health

S.H. (NOSC)

Mammal Medical

(MM01513N)

Research and Animal

$318 K
53

Schroeder, J. P. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding (Tursiops) (MM01513B)

FY84

Au, W.W. (NOSC)

Target Strength Characterization by Echolocating

Dolphins (Tursiops) (MM02514D)

Friedl, W.A. (NOSC)

Taste Reception in Dolphins and Sea Lions

(MM01514R)

Haun, J.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Hydrodynamics

(MM2514T, MM30514A, ZS81514A)

Moore, P.W. (NOSC)

Dolphin Echolocation Pulse Control (Tursiops)

(MM02514P)

Penner, R.H. (NOSC)

Echolocation Comparisons (Tursiops and

Delphinapterus) (MM02514K)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Medical Research and

Animal Health (MM01514N)

Comparison of Underwater Acoustics of

Delphinapterus and Tursiops

( ZT08514A)

Schroeder, J.P. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding (Tursiops)

(MMO 1514B)

B. Office of Naval Research

FY80

$219 K

$155 K

$124 K

$165 K

$160 K

$207 K

$326 K

$118 K

$251 K

Altes, R.

Computer

Whistles

(Oricon Corp.)

and Mathematical Analysis of Dolphin

SSIE $ 5.9K

Cummings, W.D. (U. California, San Diego)

Distribution and Identification of Low Frequency

Biological Noises in the Ocean SSIE $ 35 K

Evans, W.E. (Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

Research on Small Pacific Ocean Cetaceans (NR083-102-31) $ 10 K
54

Gilmartin, W.G. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Bionosis (NR-204-008)

Malins, D.C. and U. Varanasi (Seattle U.)

The Biochemistry of Lipids Peculiar to Organs

and Tissue of Cetaceans and Involved in

Sound Transmission

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

The Distribution of Cetaceans (gray whale)

(NR-083-102-31)

Schusterman, R. (California State U., Hayward)

Marine Mammal Acoustics (California sea lion

and northern fur seal) (NR-I04-131)

SSIE

$ 30 K

$ 18.9K

$ 37 K

$ 66 K

Vedros, N.A. (Naval Biosciences Lab.)

Marine Mammal Diseases and Immunity (NR-204-001)

Wartzok, D. and G.C. Ray (Johns Hopkins U.)

Marine Mammal Behavior, Acoustics and Ecology

(spotted seal and harbor seal) (NR-I04-676)

Watkins, W.A. and W.E. Schevill (Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution)

Marine Biological Sounds (NR-083-004-39)

Winn, H.E. (U. Rhode Island)

Bioacoustics and Behavior of Marine Mammals

(humpback whale) (NR-083-165-4)

IT81

Evans, W.E. (Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

Research on Small Pacific Ocean Cetaceans

(NR-l04-157)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

The Distribution of Cetaceans (NR-083-102-31)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Bionosis (NR-204-008)

Schusterman, R.J. (California State U., Hayward)

Marine Mammal Visual and Acoustic Capabilities

(NR-I04-131)

Vedros, N.A. (Naval Biosciences Lab.)

Marine Mammal Diseases and Immunity (NR-204-001)

$ 85 K

$ 25 K

$126 K

$ 24 K

(no funds

extension)

$ 9 K

$ 25 K

$ 70 K

$ 97 K
55

Watkins, W.A. and W.E. Schevill (Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution)

Marine Biological Sounds (NR-083-004-39)

Winn, H.E. (U. Rhode Island)

Bioacoustics and Behavior of Marine Mammals

(humpback whales) (NR-083-165-4)

FY82

Evans, W.E. (Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

Research on Small Pacific Ocean Cetaceans

(NR-104-l57)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

The Distribution of Cetaceans (NR-083-102-3l)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Bionosis (NR-204-008)

Schusterman, R.J. (California State li., Hayward)

Marine Mammal Visual and Acoustical Behavioral

Capabilities (NR-104-131)

Watkins, W.A. and W.E. Schevill (Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution)

Marine Biological Sounds (NR-083-004-39)

Spero, D.R. (Wesc Quoddy Marine Research Station)

Whale Acoustic Behavior (right whale)

(NR-104-178)

FY83

$101.6K

(no funds

extension)

$ 10 K

(no funds

extension)

$ 25 K

$ 50 K

$110 K

$ 9 K

Evans, W.E. and W.F. Perrin (Hubbs-Sea World Research Inst.)

Conference on Cognition in Marine Mammals (NR-104-157) $ 20 K

Haun, J.E. (NOSC)

Biochemical and Anatomical Characteristics of

Dolphin Muscles (NR-104-181)

Schusterman, R.J. (California State U., Hayward)

Marine Mammal Visual and Acoustical Behavioral

Capabilities (NR 104-131)

Watkins, W.A. and W.E. Schevill (Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution)

Behavior and Ambient Sea Noise,

Bioacoustic Behavior and Distribution

of Cetaceans (NR 083-004-39)

$ 20 K

$ 42.9K

$ll2.3K
56

FY84

Evans, W.E. (Hubbs/Sea World Research Institute)

Studies of Small Whale (Grampus and Globicephala)

Movement Patterns Using Satellite and Acoustic Towed

Array Technology (NR 104-157)

Haun, J.E. and H.W. Goforth, Jr. (NOSC)

Biochemical and Anatomical Characteristics of

Dolphin Muscle (Tursiops)

(NR 104-181)

Schusterman, R.J. (California State U" Hayward)

Marine Mammal Cognition (Zalophus)

(NR 104-131)

Watkins, W.A. and W.E. Schevill (Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution)

Marine Biological Sounds (cetaceans)

(NR 083-004)

Department of Energy

FY80

Tester, J.R. and D.B. Siniff (U. Minnesota)

Vertebrate Behavior and Ecology (sea otter)

(DE-ACOZ-76EVOI332)

FY81

Tester, J.R. and D.B. Siniff (U. Minnesota)

Vertebrate Behavior and Ecology (sea otter)

(DE-ACOZ-76EVOI332)

FY82

Tester, J.R. and D.B. Siniff (U. Minnesota)

Vertebrate Behavior and Ecology (sea otter)

(DE-ACOZ-76EVOI332)

FY83-FY84

(No projects)

$ 0 K

$ 20 K

$ 62 K

$142 K

$ 30 K

$ 20 K

$ 25 K
57

Department of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health

FY80

Atassi, M.Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Immunochemical Studies on Hemoglobin and

Myoglobin (whales)

Bryan, W.P. (Indiana U. School of Medicine)

The Role of Water in Protein Structure and

Function (whales, human)

Elsner, R.W. (U. Alaska)

Comparative Pathophysiology of Myocardial

Ischemia (dog, seals)

Gurd, F. R. (Indiana U.)

Structure and Reactivity of Proteins and

Lipoproteins (human, cetaceans, etc.)

Specific Enrichment of Myoglobins for Carbon 13

NMR (cetaceans)

Hawkridge, F.M. (Virginia Commonwealth U.)

Electron Transfer at Surface Electrodes

(horse, whales)

Howard, E.B. (U. Southern California)

Toxicologic, Immunologic Effect of Environmental

Contamination (marine mammals)

Kooyman, G.L. (U. California, San Diego)

Physiological Basis of Pulmonary Disease:

Comparative Physiology (vertebrates)

Ortiz, C.L. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Northern Elephant Seal in Its Natural Habitat

FY81

Atassi, M.Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Immunochemical Studies on Hemoglobin and

Myoglobin (whales) (SR01AM18920-06)

Bryan, W.P. (Indiana U. School of Medicine)

The Role of Water in Protein Structure and

Function (whales, human) (SR01GM27036-02)

$ 89. 1K

$ 47.4K

$ 85.2K

$147.3K

$ 78 K

$ 38.3K

$ 17.1K

$ S6.6K

$ 43.SK

$ 93. 3K

$ 44. 1K
58

Elsner, R.W. (U. Alaska)

Comparative Pathophysiology of Myocardial

Ischemia (dog, seal) (5R01HL23950-03)

Fathman, C.G. (Stanford U.)

Antigen Reactive T-Cell Clones: Isolation

and Characterization (whales) (IR01AI18705-01)

Gurd, F.R. (Indiana U.)

Structure and Reactivity of Proteins and

Lipoproteins (cetaceans) (5R01HL05556-22)

Specific Enrichment of Myoglobins for Carbon 13

NMR (cetaceans) (5R01HL14680-10)

Hawkridge, F.M. (Virginia Commonwealth U.)

Electron Transfer at Surface Electrodes

(horse, whales) (5R01GM27208-02)

Howard, E.B. (U. Southern California)

Toxicologic, Immunologic Effects of Environmental

Contamination (cetaceans) (5P30ES01965-04)

Kooyman, G.L. (U. California, San Diego)

Physiological Basis of Pulmonary Disease

(seals, sea lions, porpoises) (5P01HL17731-07)

Ogden, J.A. (Yale U.)

Normal and Abnormal Postnatal Skeletal Development

(whales) (5R01HD10854-05)

$ 91.2K

$lOl.4K

$151.6K

$ 84.1K

$ 36.9K

$ 13.3K

$ 68.8K

$ 19.7K

Ortiz, C.L. (U.

The Physiology

Elephant Seals

California, Santa Cruz)

of Fasting in Young Northern

(2S06RR08132-07)

FY82

$ 51.4K

Atassi, M.Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Dissection of Antigen Recognition in the Clonal

Level (mice, whales) (lR01AI-18657-01)

Immunochemical Studies on Hemoglobin and

Myoglobin (whales) (5R01AM-18920-07)

Berzofsky, J.A. (National Cancer Institute)

Genetic Control of the Immune Response to

Natural Antigens (whales) (lZOlCB-04020-06)

Bryan, W.P. (Indiana U. School of Medicine)

The Role of Water in Protein Structure and

Function (whale, human) (5R01GM-27036-03)

$116.9K

$127.2K

$ 0 K

$ 48.4K
59

Buchwald, J.S. (U. California, Los Angeles)

Auditory Information Processing (human, cat,

elephant seal) (5P01HD-05958-12)

Fathman, C.G. (Stanford U. Medical School)

Antigen Reactive T-Cell Clones: Isolation and

Characterization (whales) (5R01AI-18705-o2)

Gurd, F.R. (Indiana U.)

Structure and Reactivity of Proteins and

Lipoproteins (human, cetaceans, etc.) (5R01HL-05556-23)

Specific Enrichment of Myoglobins for Carbon 13

NMR (cetaceans, human, cattle) (2R01HL-14680-11)

Hawkridge, F.M. (Virginia Commonwealth U.)

Electron Transfer at Surface Electrodes

(horse, whales) (5R01GM-27208-02)

Howard, E.B. (U. Southern California)

Toxicologic, Immunologic Effects of Environmental

Contamination (marine mammals) (5P30ES-01965-04)

$ 77.7K

$102.7K

$154.7K

$135.2K

$ 36.9K

$ 4.3K

Kooyman, G.L.

Comparative

(seals, sea

(U. California, San Diego)

Respiratory and Exercise Physiology

lions, porpoises) (5P01HL-17731-08) $ 56.8K

Ortiz, C.L. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

The Physiology of Fasting in Young Northern

Elephant Seals (5S06RR-08132-08)

FY83

Atassi, M.Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Immunochemical Studies on Hemoglobin and

Myoglobin (whale) (5R01AM18920-08--Mayo)

Immunochemical Studies on Hemoglobin and

Myoglobin (whale) (R01AM33969-01--Baylor College

of Medicine)

Dissection of Antigen Recognition at the Clonal

Level (mice, whales) (5R01AI18657-02--Mayo)

Berzofsky, J.A. (NIH)

Genetic Control of the Immune Response to

Natural Antigens (whales) (lZOlCB04020-07)

$ 38.4K

$ 72.9K

$ 74 K

$135.4K

$ 0 K

Fathman, C.G. (Stanford U.)

Antigen Reactive T-Cell Clones:

Characterization (whales, mice)

Isolation and

(5R01AI18705-03) $108.9K
60

Gurd, F.R. (Indiana U.)

Structure and Reactivity of Proteins and

Lipoproteins (cetaceans) (5R01HL05556-24)

Specific Enrichment of Myoglobins for Carbon 13

NMR (cetaceans, human, cattle) (5R01HL14680-12)

Kooyman, G.L. (U. California, San Diego)

Physiological Basis of Pulmonary Disease:

Comparative Respiratory and Exercise Physiology

(marine mammals) (5P01HL17731-09)

Ortiz, C.L. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

The Physiology of Fasting in Young Northern

Elephant Seals (5S06RR08132-09)

FY84

Atassi, M.Z. (Baylor College of Medicine)

Dissection of Antigen Recognition at the Clonal

Level (mice, whales) (5R01AI21336-01)

Immunochemical Studies of Hemoglobin and

Myoglobin (whales) (5R01AM33969-02)

Berzofsky, J.A. (NIH)

Genetic Control of the Immune Response to

Natural Antigens (cetaceans) (lZOlCB04020-08)

Gurd, F.R. (Indiana U.)

Structure and Reactivity of Proteins and

Lipoproteins (5R01HL05556-25)

Specific Enrichment of Myoglobins for Carbon

13NMR (cetaceans, cattle, human)

Kooyman, G.L. (U. California, San Diego)

Comparative Respiratory and Exercise Physiology

(seals, sea lions, porpoises) (5P01HL17731-10)

Ortiz, C.L. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

The Physiology of Fasting in Young Northern

Elephant Seals (2S06RR08132-10)

Sroskopf, M. (Johns Hopkins U.)

Anatomy of the Pinniped Anterior Chamber

(5P40RR00130-21)

$160.9K

$132.3K

$ 0 K

$ 0 K

$150.1K

$162.4K

$ 0 K

$172.2K

$144.3K

$ 0 K

$ 0 K

$ 0 K
61

Department of the Interior

I. Fish and Wildlife Service

FY80

--Alaska Marine Mammals

$190.8K

(Polar Bears)

DeMaster, D. (National Fish and Wildlife Lab.)

Satellite Tracking of Bears (904.02.01)

Biological Parameters of Bears of Western

Beaufort Sea (904.02.02)

Feasibility of Ecosystem-Oriented Studies of

Bears in Beaufort Sea (904.02.03)

Biology and Ecology of Bears of Arctic

Ocean (904.02.04)

Summer Distribution and Ecology

of Bears (904.02.05)

DeMaster, D. (NFWL) and D. Siniff (U. Minnesota)

Produce Model to Simulate Population Dynamics

of the Northern Alaska Polar Bear Population

(904.02.06)

Staff (NFWL)

pnnual Status Report (904:02:07)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Development and Field and Lab Testing of Radio

Telemetry Packages and Systems for Polar Bears

[as well as sea otters, walruses, and manatees] ($67K)

$231.8K

(Walruses)

DeMaster, D. (NFWL)

Biological Activity of Pacific and

Atlantic Walruses (904.03.06)

Brownell, R. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants in

Walruses (904.03.07)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Report on Pacific and Atlantic

Walruses (904.03.08)
62

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Round Island Walrus Survey ($17.7K)

Alaska Regional Office, FWS

Aerial Walrus Survey

--Hawaiian Monk Seal

Johnson, A.M. (NFWL)

Biological Studies to Determine Status

of Population (904.03.05)

--Marine Mammal Tagging

Hobbs, L. (NFWL)

Serve as Clearinghouse and Information Center

for Marine Mammal Tagging Operations (904.04.01)

Stimulate Research and Development of Marine

Mammal Tags and Techniques (904.04.02)

Archive Data from Tagging/Marking Studies (904.04.03)

--Sea Otters and Marine Otter

Jameson, R.J. (NFWL)

Biology and Management Needs for Sea Otters in

California (904.03.01)

Estes, J.A. and G.R. Van Blaricom (NFWL)

Interaction Between Sea Otters and the Nearshore

Community (904.03.02)

Johnson, A.M. (NFWL)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution, Abundance, and

Composition of Populations of Sea Otters and

Other Marine Mammals in Prince William Sound,

Alaska (904.03.04)

Brownell, R.L. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants in

Sea Otters (904.03.07)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Report (904.02.08)

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Kelp Canopy Interactions in Monterey Bay ($3IK)

Economics of Pismo Clam Fishery ($4.5K)

$ 50.9K

$ 25.5K

$594.2K
63

San Nicolas Island (California) Survey for

Baseline Data and as Potential Sea Otter

Translocation Site ($133.2K)

Hardy, R.A. (California Dept. Fish and Game)

Sea Otter Mortality Rates and Causes (E-M-2)

Interrelationship Between Sea Otters and

Their Habitat (E-M-2)

Size, Distribution, and Movements of

California's Sea Otter Population

Feasibility of Translocating Sea Otters

--Sirenia

$319.3K

(Manatee)

Rathbun, G.B. (NFWL)

Distribution and Status of All Manatee Taxa

and Populations (904.01.01)

Basic Reproductive and Behavioral Characteristics

of West Indian Manatees (904.01.02)

Define Ecosystem Relationships of the Manatee

and Assess Effects of Habitat Alterations (904.01.03)

Determine Causes of Manatee Mortality; Study and

Salvage Stranded ~~natees and Other Marine ~~mmals

(904.01.04)

Influence of Warm Water Effluents on Manatee Distribution

and Movements Around Selected Powerplants (904.01.05)

Basic Sensory and Physiological Parameters of West

Indian Manatees as Related to Technical Needs (904.01.06)

Develop Manatee Tagging and Tracking Technology (904.01.07)

Brownell, R.L. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants in Manatees

(904.01.08)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Reports (904.01.09)

Forrester, D. (U. Florida)

Study of Parasites and Diseases of the West Indian

Manatee ($5K)
64

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Evaluation of Existing Manatee-Propeller Guard

Technology ($1.8)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Ecology and Behavior of the West Indian Manatee

in the St. Johns River, Florida ($40K)

Brownell, R.L. (NFWL)

Distribution and Status of All Dugong

Populations (904.01.01)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants

in Dugongs (904.01.09)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Report (904.01.09)

FY81

--Alaska Marine Mammals

Amstrup, S. (FWS, Denver Wildlife

Research Center)

Identify Areas Critical for High Denning

Success and General Movement Patterns of Adult

Females (904.21)

Develop Alternative Techniques to Capture

Free-Ranging Polar Bears (904.22)

Produce Model That Will Simulate Population

Dynamics of the Northern Alaska Polar Bear

Population (904.23)

Determine Biological Parameters of Polar Bears

of the Western and Northern Populations (904.24)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Monitoring Polar Bear Movements ($13K)

Johnson, A. (FWS!DWRC)

Evaluate Selected Areas for Potential Use

for Population Assessment; Assess the Size of

Populations and Investigate Hauling Out

Patterns (904.25)

$ 6.4K

(Dugong)

$254 K

(Polar Bears)

$ 99 K

(Walruses)
65

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Round Island Walrus Survey ($14.7K)

--Hawaiian Monk Seal

Johnson, A. (FWS!DWRC)

Biological Studies to Determine Status

of Hawaiian Monk Seal (904.27)

--Sea Otters and Marine Otter

Brownell, R. (FWS!DWRC)

Status of Marine Otter (904.33)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants

in Marine Mammals (904.34)

Dobbin, J.L. (Dobbin Associates, Toronto)

Compilation and Mapping of Available Biological,

Ecological, and Socia-economic Information

Relative to the Protection, Management, and

Restoration of the Southern Sea Otter

($80K, ESA; $IOK, MMC)

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Kelp-Canopy Interactions in Monterey Bay ($32K)

San Nicolas Island Survey for Baseline Data ($121.2K)

Estes, J. (FWS!DWRC)

Occurrence and Habitat Survey of Sea Otters in

Baja California (904.35)

Estes, J. and G. Van Blaricom (FWS!DWRC)

Interactions Between Sea Otters and the Nearshore

Community (904.32)

Jameson, R. (FWS!DWRC)

Biology and Management Needs for California Sea

Otter (904.31)

Johnson, A. (FWS!DWRC)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution, Abundance, and

Composition of Populations of Sea Otters and Other

Marine Mammals at Prince William Sound, Alaska

(904.26) ($49K)

Staff (FWS!DWRC)

Annual Status Report (904.36)

$ 31 K

S385.2K
66

--Sirenia

$352 K

(plus $18K from MMC)

(Manatee)

Florida Marine Patrol (Florida Department

of Natural Resources)

Aerial Survey Investigations ($8K)

Forrester, D. (D. Florida)

Study of Parasites and Diseases of the West

Indian Manatee ($5K)

Odell, D.K. (D. Miami)

Study of Marine Ecosystems and Habitats,

with Special Reference to Manatees ($22K)

Packard, J.M. (D. Minnesota)

Abundance, Distribution, and Feeding Areas of

Manatees in the Riviera Beach/Hobe Sound Area

of Florida ($18K, MMC)

Rathbun, G.B. (FWS(DWRC)

Distribution and Status of All Taxa and

Populations of Sirenians (904.11)

Basic Reproductive and Behavioral Characteristics

of West Indian Manatees (904.12)

Define Ecosystem Relationships of the

~~natee (904.13)

Causes of Mortality and Salvage Stranded Manatees

and Other Marine Mammals (904.14)

Develop Manatee Tagging and Tracking Technology

(904.15)

Determine Parasites and Environmental Contaminants

in Manatee and Dugong (904.16)

Mortality Assessment ($15K, ESA)

Staff (FWS(DWRC)

Prepare Annual Status Reports on Manatee

and Dugong (904.17)

Tabb, D. (Tropical Bia-Industries)

Crystal River Manatee Management and Research

Plan ($25K)

,
67

Woods, C.A. (U. Florida)

Observe and Quantify Feeding Habits of West

Indian Manatee (14-16-0009-81-923) ($9K)

Brownell, R.L. (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution and Status of All Dugong Populations

FY82

--Alaska Marine Mammals

Johnson, A. (FWS/DWRC)

Areas Crucial for High Denning Success by

Polar Bears and General Movement Patterns of

Adult Females (904.21)

Model Simulating Population Dynamics of

Northern Alaska Polar Bear Population (904.23)

Biological Parameters of Polar Bears of Western

and Northern Populations (904.24)

Evaluation of Selected Areas for Potential Use

for Population Assessment of Walruses, Assessment

of Size of Populations, Investigation of Hauling

Out Patterns, and Population Model Refinement (904.25)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution, Abundance, and

Composition of Populations of Sea Otters and Other

V~rine V~mma15 at Prince William Sound, Alaska (904.26)

Status of Hawaiian Monk Seal (904.27)

Annual Status Report on Polar Bear, Pacific Walrus,

and Atlantic Walrus (904.28)

$ 6 K

(Dugong)

$328 K

--Hawaiian Monk Seal (see 904.27 under Alaska Marine Mammals)

--Sea Otters and Marine Otter

$275 K

Estes, J. and R. Jameson (FWS/DWRC)

Biology and Management Needs for the

California Sea Otter (904.31)

Interactions Between Sea Otters and the

Nearshore Community (904.32)

Status of the Marine Otter (904.33)
68

Occurrence of Sea Otters and the Nature of

Sea Otter Habitat in Baja California (904.35)

Annual Status Report on the Sea Otter and

Marine Otter (904.36)

Baseline Data for the San Nicolas Island

Ecosystem (904.37)

Support Services

(904.4)

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

San Nicolas Island Survey for Baseline Data

and as a Potential Sea Otter Translocation

Site (14-16-009-78-937)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Experimental Radiotransmitter Implant Studies

on the Sea Otter (14-16-0008-1217)

Dobbin, J.L. (Dobbin Associates, Toronto)

Compilation and Mapping of Available Biological,

Ecological, and Socia-economic Information

Relative to the Protection, Management, and

Restoration of the Southern Sea Otter

(14-16-0009-81-050)

--Sirenia

Rathbun, G. (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution and Status of All Taxa and

Populations of Sirenians (904.11)

Basic Reproductive and Behavioral Characteristics

of West Indian Manatees (904.12)

Ecosystem Relationships of the Manatees (904.13)

Causes of Mortality and Salvage Stranded Manatees

and Other Marine Mammals (904.14)

Manatee Tagging and Tracking Technology (904.15)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants in

Manatees and the Dugong (904.16)

Annual Status Reports on the Manatees and

Dugong (904.17)

$ 70 K

$160 K

$ 20 K

$ 15 K

$265 K
69

Packard, J. (U. Florida)

Population Index and Mark/Recapture Methodology

for the West Indian Manatee in Florida

(14-16-0009-1544, No.1)

Mace, A.C. (U. Florida)

Research/Management Plan for the Crystal River

West Indian Manatee Population, Levy and Citrus

Counties, Florida (14-16-0009-1544, No.2)

Woods, C.A. (U. Florida)

Techniques to Analyze the Diet of the West

Indian Manatee (14-16-0009-81-1009)

FY83

--Alaska Marine Mammals (904.2 and 954.2)

$ 50 K

$ 30 K

$ 8 K

$323.7K

(Polar Bear, Walrus, Sea Otter)

Johnson, A. and S. Amstrup (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution, Timing, and Importance of

Polar Bear Denning in Alaska (904.21)

Size and Trend of Alaskan Polar Bear

Populations (904.22)

Movement and Distribution Patterns of

Alaskan Polar Bears (904.23)

Biological Parameters of Polar Bears of the

Western and Northern Populations (904.24)

Evaluation of Selected Areas for Potential Use

for Population Assessment, Investigation of

Hauling Out Patterns, and Determination of Age/Sex

Composition and General Behavior of Walruses on

Hauling Grounds (904.25)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution, Abundance, and

Composition of Populations of Sea Otters and

Other Marine Mammals at Prince William Sound,

Alaska (904.26)

Biological Basis for Determining OSP, Estimating

Sustainable Yield, Delineating Management Stocks, and

for Identifying Factors Important to Effective Zonal

Management of Sea Otters in Southeastern Alaska

(904.27)
70

--California Sea Otters, Marine Otter, and Hawaiian Monk Seal

(904.3) $153 K

Estes, J., R. Jameson, and G. Van Blaricom (FWS/DWRC)

Biology and Management Needs for the California

Sea Otter (904.31)

Interactions Between Sea Otters and the

Nearshore Community (904.32)

Status of the Marine Otter (904.33)

Status of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (904.34)

Occurrence of Sea Otters and the Nature of

Sea Otter Habitat in Baja California (904.35)

Baseline Data for the San Nicolas Island

Ecosystem (904.36)

Dobbins, J.L. (Dobbins Associates, Ltd.)

Compilation and Mapping of Available Biological,

Ecological, and Socia-economic Information

Relative to the Protection, Management, and

Restoration of the Southern Sea Otter

(14-16-0009-81-050)

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

San Nicolas Island Ecological Study (sea otter)

(14-16-0009-78-937) [$71K (ESA) plus $89K (MMPA)]

Farley, T. (California Dept. Fish and Game)

Sea Otter Studies:

Improvement of Capture Techniques, Behavioral

Response to Artificial Stimuli, Mortality

Studies, and Population Studies

Feasibility of Regulating Movement of Sea Otters;

Methods to Contain the Distribution of Sea Otter

Index of Mortality Rates and Causes of Mortality

in Sea Otter

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Experimental Radiotransmitter Studies on the

Sea Otter (14-16-0008-1217)

--Marine Mammal Support Services (904.4)

Brownell, R. (FWS/DWRC)

Marine Mammal Support Services

$ 15 K

$160 K

$ 37.5K

$ 60.4K

$ 43 K

$ 10 K

$ 67 K
71

--Sirenia (904.1)

$281.6K

Rathbun, G. and T. O'Shea (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution and Status of All Taxa

and Populations of Sirenians (904.11)

Basic Reproductive and Behavioral Characteristics

of West Indian Manatees (904.12)

Ecosystem Relationships of the Manatee (904.13)

Causes of Mortality and Salvage of Stranded

Manatees and Other Marine Mammals (904.14)

Manatee Tagging and Tracking Technology (904.15)

Parasites and Environmental Contaminants in

Manatees and Dugong (904.16)

Basic Sensory and Physiological Parameters of

Manatees as Related to Technical Needs (904.17)

Odell, D. (U. Miami)

West Indian Manatee Carcass Salvage in South

Florida (14-16-009-79-935)

Packard, J. (U. Florida)

Population Index and Mark/Recapture Methodology

for the West Indian Manatee in Florida

(14-16-0009-1544, No.1)

FY 84

--Alaska Marine Mammals (946.2)

$ 60 K

$ 50 K

$323.7K

(Polar Bear, Walrus, Sea Otter)

Johnson, A. and S. Amstrup (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution, Timing, and Importance of

Polar Bear Maternity Denning in Alaska (946.21)

Movement and Distribution Patterns

of Alaskan Polar Bears (946.23)

Biological Parameters of Polar Bears of

the Western and Northern Populations (946.24)

Evaluation of Areas for Potential Use for

Population Assessment, Investigation of Hauling

Out Patterns, and Determination of Basic Biology

of Walruses on Hauling Grounds (946.25)
72

Annual and Seasonal Distribution, Abundance, and

Composition of Populations of Sea Otters and

Other Marine Mammals at Prince William Sound,

Alaska (946.26)

Biological Basis for Determining asp, Estimating

Sustainable Yield, Delineating Stocks, and for

Identifying Factors Important to Effective Zonal

Management of Sea Otters in Southeastern Alaska (946.27)

--California Sea Otters, Marine Otter, and Hawaiian Monk Seal

(960.2) $179.9K

Estes, J., R. Jameson, and G. Van Blaricom (FWS/DWRC)

Abundance, Size, and Status of Sea Otter

Populations (960.21)

Physiology, Behavior, and Life History of

Sea Otters in California (960.22)

Interaction Between Sea Otters and

Nearshore Communities (960.23)

Status of the Marine Otter (960.24)

Status of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (960.25)

California Department of Fish and Game

Salvage/Necropsy (sea otter)

(Section 6, ESA)

Monitor Populations (sea otter)

(Section 6, ESA)

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

San Nicolas Island Ecological Study (sea otter)

(14-16-0009-78-937; Section 15, ESA)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Initial Studies of Radiotelemetry Implants

in California Sea Otter (14-16-0008-1217;

Section 15, ESA)

--Marine Mammal Support Services (904.3)

Brownell, R. (FWS/DWRC)

Marine Mammal Support Services

$ 53 K

$ 40 K

$ 53 K

$ 1l.3K

$ 70 K
73

--Sirenia (960.1)

Rathbun, G. and T. O'Shea (FWS/OWRC)

Status, Distribution, Movements, and

Population Biology of All Taxa of

Sirenians (960.11)

Basic Reproductive and Behavioral Characteristics

of the West Indian Manatee (960.12)

Ecosystem Relationships of the West Indian

Manatee (960.13)

Causes of Mortality and Biological Studies on

Materials Salvaged from Carcasses of the West

Indian Manatee in the U.S. and Puerto Rico (960.14)

Florida Department of Natural Resources

Manatee Public Awareness (Section 6, ESA)

Odell, O. (U. Miami)

Marine Ecosystem and Habitats with Specific

Reference to Manatee Salvage and Mortality

(14-16-0009-79-935; Section 15, ESA)

2. Geological Survey

FY80

Y.,1hitmore, F.C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and Paleogeography,

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

FY81

Whitmore, F.C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and Paleogeography,

Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain

FY82

Whitmore, F.C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy (cetaceans, etc.)

(9590-02738)

FY83

Whitmore, F.C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy (cetaceans, etc.)

(9590-02738)

$241.8K

$ 15 K

$ 20 K

$ 45. 5K

$ 79.6K

$ 62.8K

$ 76 K
74

FY84

Whitmore, F.C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy (fossil cetaceans)

(9590-02738)

3. Minerals Management Service

(This agency defines all their projects as studies)

FY80

Albert, T. (U. Maryland)

Tissue Analysis of Endangered Whales in the

Beaufort Sea (AA851-CTO-22)

Braithwaite, L. (Brigham Young U.)

The Effect of Oil on the Feeding Mechanism

of the Bowhead Whale (AA851-CTO-55)

Dohl, T.P. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Marine Mammal and Seabird Study of Central

and Northern California

Fraker, M. and J. Richardson (LGL Ecological

Research Associates)

Possible Effects of Acoustic and Other Stimuli

Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration/Development

on the Behavior of the Bowhead Whale (AA851-CTO-44)

Fritts, T.H. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Endangered

Species Study, Year 1 (AA851-MUO-21)

Geraci, J.R. and D.J. St. Aubin (U. Guelph)

Study of the Effects of Oil on Marine

Mammals (AA851-CT9-29)

Hobbs, L. (NMFS, Marine Mammal Tagging Office)

Development of Large Cetacean Tagging and

Tracking Capability in OCS Lease Areas (AA851-IAO-32)

Lindner, E., B. Gayles, S. Johnson, P. Thompson

(Naval Ocean Systems Center)

Study of the Effects of Sound on Marine

Mammals (AA851-IAO-5)

Ljungblad, D. (NOSC)

Aerial Surveys of Bowhead Whales, North Slope

of Alaska (AA851-IAO-l)

$ 71 K

$350 K

$ 44.1K

$2,442.8K

$629 K

$494.9K

$ 0 K

$244.5K

$512.7K

$591 K

,
75

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

Monitoring the Movements of Whales in and

Adjacent to OCS Lease Areas (AA55l-CT9-34)

Watkins, W. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Effects of Whale Monitoring System Attachment

Devices on Whale Tissues (AA85l-CTO-23)

Winn, H., R. Edel and M. Hyman (U. Rhode Island)

Characterization of Marine Mammals and Turtles in

the North and Mid-Atlantic Areas of the U.S.

Outer Continental Shelf (AA55l-CT8-48)

FY8l

Fritts, T.H. (USFWS)

Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Endangered

Species Study (AA85l-MUO-21)

Geraci, J. (U. Guelph)

Effects of Oil on Marine Mammals (AA55l-CT9-29)

Hobbs, L. (NMFS, Marine Mammal Tagging Office)

Development of Large Cetacean Tagging and

Tracking Capability in OCS Lease Areas

(AA85l-IAO-32)

Lindner, E. (NOSC)

Effects of Sound on Marine Mammals (AA85l-IAO-5)

Ljungblad, D. (NOSC)

Aerial Surveys of Endangered Whales--Northern

Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas (AA85l-IA2-3)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

Development of Large Cetacean Tagging and

Tracking Capability in OCS Lease Areas (AA85l-CT9-34)

Richardson, J., M. Fraker, B. Wursig, R. Payne, et al.

(LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc.)

Possible Effects of Acoustic and Other Stimuli

Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration/Development

on the Behavior of the Bowhead Whale (AA85l-CTO-44)

Winn, H. (U. Rhode Island)

Characterization of Marine Mammals and Marine

Turtles in the North and Mid-Atlantic (AA55l-CT8-48)

$ 25.7K

$ 74.5K

$ 0 K

$500 K

$lll.8K

$ 41.9K

$178.6K

$345.3K

$ll8.4K

$741.4K

$942 K
76

FY82

Albert, T. (U. Maryland)

Tissue Analysis of Endangered Whales in the

Beaufort Sea (AA851-CTO-22)

Braithwaite, L (U. Brigham Young U.)

The Effects of Oil on the Feeding Mechanism

of the Bowhead Whale (AA851-CTO-55)

Dohl, T.P. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Marine Mammal and Seabird Study of

Central and Northern California

Ford, G. (Woodward Clyde Consultants, San Diego)

Southern California Marine Mammal Risk

Analysis

Fritts, T.H. (USFWS)

Gulf of Mexico Study of Distribution and

Abundance of Endangered and Vulnerable Mammals,

Birds, and Turtles (14-12-001-29118)

Geraci, J. and D. St. Aubin (U. Guelph)

Effects of Oil on Marine Mammals (AA551-CT9-29)

Ljungblad, D. (NOSC)

Aerial Surveys of Endangered Whales--Northern

Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas (AA851-IA2-3)

~21meJ Cal. (Bolt, Beranek & Newman. Inc.)

Investigations of the Potential Effects of

Acoustic Stimuli Associated with Oil and Gas

Exploration/Development on the Behavior of

Migratory Gray Whales (also sea otter)

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Development of Satellite-Linked Methods of

Large Cetacean Tagging and Tracking Capabilities

in OCS Lease Areas (AA551-CT9-34)

Richardson, J. (LGL Ecological Research Associates)

Possible Effects of Acoustic and Other Stimuli

Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration/Development

on the Behavior of the Bowhead Whale (AA851-CTO-44)

FY83

Albert, T. (U. Maryland)

Tissue Analysis of Endangered Whales in the

Beaufort Sea (14-12-0001-29046)

$ 0 K

$ 0 K

$ 0 K

$184.4K

$100 K

$500 K

$395.5K

$245.5K

$ 94.6K

$513 K

$ 0 K
77

Braithwaite, L. (Brigham Young U.)

The Effect of Oil on the Feeding Mechanism

of the Bowhead Whale (14-12-0001-29052)

Geraci, J. and D. St. Aubin (U. Guelph)

Effects of Oil on Marine Mammals

(14-12-0001-29169)

Ljungblad, D.K. (NOSC)

Aerial Surveys of Endangered Whales--Northern

Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas (14-12-0001-29056)

Malme, C.I. and W.C. Clark (Bolt, Beranek & Newman, Inc.)

Investigations of the Potential Effects of

Acoustic Stimili Associated with Oil and Gas

Exploration/Development on the Behavior of

Migratory Gray Whales and Humpback Whales

(14-12-0001-29033)

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Development of Satellite-Linked Methods of

Large Cetacean Tagging and Tracking Capabilities

in OCS Lease Areas (14-12-0001-29042)

Reed, M. (Applied Science Assoc.)

Computer Simulation of the Probability of

Endangered Whale Interaction with Oilspills

in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering Seas

(14-12-0001-30076)

Richardson, J~ (LGL Ecological Research Associates)

Possible Effects of Acoustic and Other Stimuli

Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration/Development

on the Behavior of the Bowhead Whale (14-12-0001-29051)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Population Status of California Sea Otters

(14-12-0001-30033)

FY84

Brueggemen, J. (Envirosphere Co~)

Winter Monitoring of Bowhead Whales in the Navarin

Basin Through Association with Sea Ice

(14-12-0001-30182)

Ford, R.G. (Ecological Consulting)

Completion of Marine Mammal and Seabird

Risk Analysis of Southern California

(14-12-0001-30224)

$ 0 K

$1,038.1K

$634.8K

$620.3K

$102 K

$ 51. 8K

$591.1K

$770.8K

$ 57.1K

'.

$ 38.8K
,...,;,;",...

78

Geraci J. and D. St. Aubin (U. Guelph)

Study of Effects of Oil on Marine Mammals

(14-12-0001-29169)

Ljungblad, D. (Naval Oceans Systems Center)

Aerial Surveys of Endangered Whales:

Northern Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas

(14-12-0001-29056)

Malme, C.I. and P.R. Miles et al.

(Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc.)

Investigations of the Potential Effects of Acoustic

Stimuli Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration/

Development on the Behavior of Migratory Gray

Whales and Humpback Whales (14-12-0001-29033)

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Development of Satellite-Linked Methods of Large

Cetacean Tagging and Tracking Capabilities in

OCS Lease Areas (14-12-0001-29042)

Reed, M. (Applied Science Associates, Inc.)

Computer Simulation of the Probability of Endangered

Whale Interaction with Oil Spills in the Beaufort,

Chukchi and Bering Seas (14-12-0001-30076)

Simulation Modeling of the Effects of Oil Spills

on Population Dynamics of Northern Fur Seals

(14-12-0001-30145)

Richardson, J., M. Fraker, B. Wursig, R. Payne et al.

(LGL Ecological Research Associates, Inc.)

Possible Effects of Acoustic and Other Stimuli

Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration/Development

on the Behavior of Bowhead Whale (14-12-0001-29051)

Setzler-Hamilton, E. (U. Maryland, Eastern Shore)

Development of Visual Matrix Charts Which

Categorize Research Literature on Endangered

Marine Mammals (14-12-0001-30208)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Population Status of California Sea Otters

(14-12-0001-30033)

Thomas, J., L. Cornell, R. Davis and T. Williams

(Hubbs/Sea World Research Institute)

Sea Otter Oil Spill Mitigation Study - Phase I

(14-12-0001-30157)

$480.3K

$I,104.7K

$ 0 K

$ 0 K

$227 K

$112 K

$553.7K

$ 74.7K

$ 86.1K

$463.2K
79

4. MMS/NOAA/OCSEAP

IT80

Calkins, D. and K. Pitcher (Alaska Dept. Fish

and Game)

Population Assessment, Ecology, and Trophic

Relationships of Steller Sea Lions in the

Gulf of Alaska (RU243)

Fay, F.R. (U. Alaska)

Morbidity and Mortality of Key Marine Mammal

Species (RU194)

$ 95 K

$ 82 K

Jones, L. and R. Braham (NMFS/National Marine Mammal Lab.)

Collection and Analysis of NMFS Marine Mammal

Platforms of Opportunity Data (RU68) $ 47 K

Lowry, L., J. Burns and K. Frost (Alaska Dept.

Fish and Game)

Trophic Relationships, Habitat Use, Winter

Ecology Among Ice-Inhabiting Phocid Seals and

Functionally Related Marine Mammals in the

Arctic (RU232)

Nerini, M. and R. Braham (NMFS/NMML)

Feeding Ecology of the Gray Whale in the

Norton Basin (RD592)

Rice, D. and W. Wolman (NMFS/NMML)

P~bitat Use by Humpback, Gray, and Fin

Whales in the Gulf of Alaska (RU592)

IT81

Burns, J.J. (Alaska Dept. Fish and Game)

Biological Investigations of Belukha Whales

in the Coastal Waters of Alaska (RU612)

Investigations of Ice-Dependent Marine Mammals

in the Coastal Zone During Summer and Autumn

(RD613)

Fay, F.R. (D. Alaska)

Modern Populations, Migrations, Demography,

Trophies, and Historical Status of the Pacific

Walrus in Alaska (RD611)

$ 90 K

$150 K

$300 K

$ 49.8K

$163.3K

$130.3K
80

Hessing, P. (College, Alaska)

Gray Whale Migration Into the Bering Sea

Jones, L., H. Braham and L. Consiglieri (NMFS/NMML)

Collection and Analysis of NMFS Marine Mammal

Platforms of Opportunity Program Data (RU68)

Lowry, L.F., J.J. Burns and K.J. Frost (Alaska

Dept. Fish and Game)

Trophic Relationships, Habitat Use, and Winter

Ecology Among Ice-Inhabiting Phocid Seals and

Functionally Related Marine Mammals in the

Arctic (RU232)

Nerini, M. and H. Braham (NMFS/NMML)

Feeding Ecology of the Gray Whale in the

Chirikof Basin (RU593)

FY82

Bruggeman, J.J. (Envirosphere, Bellevue, Washington)

Endangered Whale Surveys in Naverin Basin,

Alaska (RU625)

Burns, J. (Alaska Dept. Fish and Game)

Winter Ecology of Ringed Seals (RU232)

Burns, J., L. Lowry and K. Frost (Alaska Dept.

Fish and Game)

Biological Investigations of Beluga wnales or

Alaska (RU612)

Cimberg, R. (VTN, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon)

Ecological Characterization of Shallow Subtidal

Habitats in the Northern Aleutian Shelf,

Alaska (sea otter) (RU623)

Evans, W. (Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

The Effects of Manmade Waterborne Noise on the

Behavior of Beluga Whales in Bristol Bay, Alaska

(RU634)

Fay, F.H. (U. Alaska)

Modern Population, Migrations, Demography, Trophies,

and Historical Status of Pacific Walrus in Alaska

(RU61i)

Leatherwood, S. (Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

Aerial Surveys for Endangered Whales in the

Southern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska (Shelikof

Strait) (RU622)

$ 9.5K

$ 8 K

$118.3K

$ 48.6K

$304 K

$157 K

$134 K

$124 K

$ 70 K

$150.1K

$361.3K
81

Nelson, H. (USGS, Menlo Park, California)

Side-Scan Sonar Records of Gray Whale Feeding

Events in the Northern Bering Sea, Alaska (RU629)

Thomson, D. (LGL Ltd., Toronto)

Feeding Ecology of Gray Whales in the Chirikof

Basin, Alaska (RU626)

FY83

Bruggeman, J.J. (Envirosphere)

Aerial and Shipboard Surveys for Endangered

Whales in the Naverin Basin, Bering Sea, Alaska

(RU625)

Burns, J. (Alaska Dept. Fish and Game)

Effects of Seismic Exploration on Ringed Seal

Distribution, Abundance, and Reproductive

Success (RU232)

Burns, J., L. Lowry and K. Frost (Alaska Dept.

Fish and Game)

Biological Investigations of Belukha Whales of

Alaska (RU612)

Evans, W. (Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

Belukha Whale Disturbance Studies (RU629)

Fay, F.H. (U. Alaska)

Modern Populations, Migrations, Demography, Trophies,

and Historical Status of the Pacific Walrus in

Alaska (RU611)

Holliday, V. (Tracor, Inc.)

Direct Effects of Acoustic Disturbance Sources

on Ringed Seal Reproductive Behavior,

Vocalization, and Communication (RU636/PU3025)

Leatherwood, S. (Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute)

Aerial Surveys of Endangered Whales in the

Southern Bering Sea and Northern Gulf of Alaska

(RU622)

Thomson, D. (LGL, Ltd.)

Feeding Ecology and Habitat Dependency of the

Gray Whales in the Chirikof Basin (RU626)

FY84

Bruggeman, J.J. (Envirosphere)

Aerial and Shipboard Surveys for Endangered Whales

in the Naverin Basin, Bering Sea, Alaska (RU625)

$ 70 K

$427.1K

$ 1.2K

$138.9K

$ 56.9K

$ 73.4K

$ 25 K

$ 97.1K

$ 74.5K

$ 0 ,

$ 5.1K
82

Analysis of Seal, Sea Lion, Walrus and Belukha

Whale Data from 1979 Aerial and Vessel Surveys of

the Naverin Basin (RU669)

Burns, J. (Alaska Dept. Fish and Game)

Monitoring Relationships of Ringed Seals to

Geophysical Exploration and Habitat Characteristics

(RU232)

Burns, J., L. Lowry and K. Frost (Alaska Dept.

Fish and Game)

Ringed Seal Monitoring (RU667)

Fishman, P. (Fishman Environmental Services)

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Oil on Food

Organisms of the Bowhead Whale (RU662)

Van Holliday, D. (Tracor, Inc.)

Direct Effects of Acoustic Disturbance on

Ringed Seal Reproduction, Behavior, Vocalizations

and Communication (RU636)

5. National Park Service

FY80

Dean, F. (U. Alaska), C. & V. Jurasz (Sea Search)

Glacier Bay Humpback Whale Data Analysis

(CK9000-0-E099)

Everglades National Park, NPS

Manatee Survey

FY81

English, T.S. (U. Washington)

Humpback Whale Prey Study

(9410-0002-182/81-ABC-00116)

Herman, L.M. (U. Hawaii)

Behavioral Study of Humpback Whales

(9140-0002-182/81-ABC-00114)

Jurasz, C. & V. (Sea Search, Ltd.)

Humpback Whale Data Purchase

(CX-9000-9-E073-C05)

Malme, C.I. (Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc.)

Acoustic Environment Study

(9140-0002-182/81-ABC-00115)

$ 32.3K

$143 K

$ 65.4K

$ 35.9K

$113.5K

$ 65 K

$ 3 K

$ 90.5K

$113.5K

$ 35.9K

$137 K

,
83

FY82

Baker, C.S. and L.M. Herman (U. Hawaii, Manoa)

The Impact of Vessel Traffic on the Behavior

of Humpback Whales in Southeast Alaska

Malme, C.I. and P.R. Miles (Bolt, Beranek and

Newman, Inc_, Cambridge, Massachusetts)

Glacier Bay Acoustic Environment (Phase III)

(humpback whale)

Wing, B. and K. Krieger (NMFSjNMML)

Study of Humpback Whale Prey Abundance

and Distribution

FY83

Fellers, G.M. (Point Reyes National Seashore)

Management and Data Collection Assistance

to NOAA (harbor seal and sea lions)

Herman, L.M. (D. Hawaii, Manoa)

Humpback Whale Behavior Study and Monitoring

--Glacier Bay (MT-9700-3-0210)

Wing, B.L. and K.J. Krieger (NMFS)

Glacier Bay Humpback Whale Prey Studies

(IA-9700-3-8027)

FY84

Channel Islands National Park

Logistics Assistance to NOAA, California Projects

Fellers, G.M. (Point Reyes National Seashore)

Management and Data Collection Assistance to NOAA

(harbor seal and sea lions)

Wing, B.L. and K.J. Krieger (NMFS, Auke Bay)

Glacier Bay Humpback Whale Prey Studies

(IA-9700-3-8027)

Department of State

Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental

and Scientific Affairs

FY80

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

$ 87 K

$ 46 K

$ 90 K

$ 7 K

$ 70 K

$223.4K

$ 3 K

$ 7 K

$225 K

$592.9K
84

FY81

Gambell, R. (International Whaling Commission)

Research Fund for International Whaling Commission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

FY82

Gambell, R. (International Whaling Commission)

Research Fund of the International Whaling

Commission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

FY83

Gambell, R. (International Whaling Commission)

Research Fund of the International Whaling

Commission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

FY84

Gambell, R. (International Whaling Commission)

Research Fund of the International Whaling

Commission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

Department of Transportation

Coast Guard, Office of Research and Development

FY80

Naval Ocean Systems Center

Final Report on the Coast Guard Program

in Biological Phenomena

FY8l - FY84

(No projects)

$ 32.3K

$687.lK

$ 35.4K

$609.2K

$ 35.3K

$505.3K

$ 35.5K

$673.9K

$ 95 K
85

Environmental Protection Agency

FY80 - FY84

(No projects)

Marine Mammal Commission

FY80

Ainley, C. and H. Huber (Point Reyes Bird Observatory)

Analysis of Tagged Elephant Seal Data Collected

on the Farallon Islands, California (MM180ll25-6)

Cedar Creek Laboratory (U. Minnesota)

Provide Radio Transmitters for Hawaiian Monk

Seal Dive Profile (MM1800944-6)

Clark, W. (U. Washington)

Continuation of Population Analysis and Research

on Stocks of Great Whales (MM180l1l4-6)

Fish and Wildlife Service

Manatee Recovery Activities Coordinator

(MM1800908-6)

Pilot Program--Development of Site-Specific

Research/Management Plans for Areas of Special

Significance to the West Indian Manatee

(MM1801024-4)

Initiation of a Study to Assess and Characterize

Food Preference and Feeding Areas of Manatees in

the Crystal River of Florida (MMI801025-7)

Johnson, B. and P. Johnson

Evaluation of Hawaiian Monk Seal Survey and Molt

Data Collected on Laysan Island in 1977-1979

(MM153370l-4)

Kasuya, T. (Ocean Research Institute)

The Fishery-Dolphin Conflict in the Iki Island

Area of Japan (MM1533791-7)

Mayo, C. (PrOVincetown Center for Coastal Studies)

Field Observations of Cetacea of Provincetown,

Massachusetts Area: 1975-1979 (MMI800925-5)

National Academy of Science

Evaluation of Marine Ecosystem Research in

the Antarctic (MMI800913-2)

$ 5.3K

$ 2.8K

$ 42 K

$ 50 K

$ 25 K

$ 18 K

$ 6.9K

$ 2 K

$ 90K

$ 10 K
86

National Marine Fisheries Service

Continuation and Expansion of Monk Seal

Population Studies (MMI800911-6)

Workshop to Develop a Monk Seal

Die-Off Response Plan (MMI800967-9)

Assessment and Monitoring of Endangered Whales,

Harbor Porpoise, and Other Cetaceans Along the

Northeast Coast of the United States (MMI801023-1)

Workshop on Humpback Whales of the Western

North Atlantic (MMI8001038-3)

Analyses of Data Concerning the Biology, Ecology,

Behavior and Population Dynamics of Monk Seals

in Laysan Island (MMI801102-3)

Nolan, R. (Ocean Research Consulting and Analysis, Ltd.)

Review of Available Information Concerning the

Possible Effects of a Shark Control Program on

Shark Populations and Other Components of Marine

Communitites of the Vicinity of Kure Atoll or

Elsewhere in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands

(MMI801065-5)

Seaco (Kailua, Hawaii)

Identification and Evaluation of On-Going and

Planned Fisheries in the Northwest Hawaiian

Islands (MMI801069-7)

State of Florida Department of Natural Resources

Workshops for the Education of Florida Law

Enforcement Officers Relating to Manatees

(MMI800941-7)

Manatee Advisory Group

(MMI800942-0)

Manatee Education and Information Program

(MM180 1124-3)

Swartzman, G. (U. Washington)

Exploring Interactions Between Fur Seal Populations

and Fisheries in the Bering Sea (MMI800969-5)

FY81

Fish and Wildlife Service

Compilation and Mapping of Available Biological,

Ecological and Socioeconomic Information Bearing

on Protection, Management and Restoration of

the Southern Sea Otter (MM2079330-0)

$ 50 K

$ 4 K

$ 65 K

$ 15 K

$ 21 K

$ 4.2K

$ 6.9K

$ 6.8K

$ 4.2K

$ 5 K

$ 4.9K

$ 10 K
87

Green-Hammond, K. (Ecosystem Modeling, Inc.)

Requirements for Effective Implementation of the

Antarctic Living Resources Convention (MM2079173-9)

Preparation for the Fourth Meeting of the Ad Hoc

Group of U.S. Antarctic Scientists (MM2079349-4)

Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute

Logistic Support Meeting on Alternative Methods

of Fishing for Yellowfin Tuna (MM2079237-2)

National Marine Fisheries Service

Marine Mammal/Fisheries Interactions in the

Columbia River and Adjacent Waters (MM2079221-7)

Antarctic Minke Whale Assessment Cruise

(MM2079354-6)

Individual Recognition and Assessment of Right

Whales in the Northwest Atlantic (MM2079355-9)

Partial Support for International Symposium on

Cetacean Reproduction (MM2079356-2)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Third Meeting of Ad Hoc Group of U.S. Antarctic

Scientists (MM2079305-4)

Packard, J.M. (U. Minnesota)

Research Needs Relative to Zonal Management

of Sea Otters (MM2079342-3)

Swartz, S.L. (Cetacean Research Associates)

Report on Preliminary Results of Ongoing Studies

of Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in

Laguna San Ignacio, Baja California Sur,

Mexico (MM2079219-4)

Waring, G.H. (Southern Illinois U" Carbondale)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal

Research (MM1801196-8; MM2079343-6)

Washington Department of Fish and Game

Workshop on Marine Mammal-Fisheries Interactions

(MM2079345-2)

Assessment of Harbor Seal Populations and Feeding

Habits in the Columbia River and Adjacent Waters

(MM2079357-5)

Whitehead, H. and K. Chu (Cambridge U.)

Distribution Patterns and Movement of Humpback

Whales in North Atlantic (MM2079259-2)

$ 9.5K

$ 4.3K

$ 5.6K

$ 25 K

$ 11.5K

$ 2.5K

$ 2 K

$ 5.5K

$ 6 K

$ 3.8K

$ 7 K

$ 7.5K

$ 23.3K

$ 9 K
88

Williams, T.D. (Monterey, California)

Cleaning and Reconditioning the Pelage of

Oil-Contaminated Sea Otters (MM2079247-9)

FY82

California Department of Fish and Game

Assessment, Monitoring and Mitigation of the

Incidental Take of Marine Mammals by Gill Net

Fisheries in the Coastal Waters of California

(MM2324806-9)

Department of State

Support of a Conference on the Application of

Genetics to the Management of Wild Plant

and Animal Populations (MM2324718-3)

Fish and Wildlife Service

Supplement to an Ongoing Project to Compile and

Map Available Biological, Ecological and

Socioeconomic Information Bearing on the Protection,

Management and Restoration of the Southern Sea

Otter (MM2324808-5)

Green-Hammond, K.A. (Ecosystem Modeling, Houston)

Evaluation of Some Potential Pinniped and Seabird

Species as Indicators of Changes in the Abundance

of Antarctic Krill (MM2324753-6)

Jones, M.L. and 5.L. Swartz (Cetacean Research

Associates, San Diego)

Demography and Behavior of Gray Whales During

1978-1982 Winter Seasons in Laguna San Ignacio,

Baja California Sur, Mexico (MM2324713-8)

Medway, W. (U. Pennsylvania)

Evaluation of the Safety and Usefulness of

Techniques and Equipment Used to Obtain Biopsies

From Free-Swimming Cetaceans (MM2324809-8)

National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMFS)

Research on Humpback Whales in Glacier Bay

and/or Other Southeast Alaska Waters

(MM2324752-3)

Development of a Research and Studies Plan to

Identify the Most Effective and Appropriate

Methods and Technologies for Mitigating

Marine Mammal/Fisheries Conflicts in the Columbia

River and Adjacent Waters (MM2324788-2)

$ 2 K

$ 10 K

$ 1 K

$ 5.6K

$ 10 K

$ 6 K

$ 2 K

$ 5 K

$ 10 K

,
89

New England Aquarium

Workshop on the Biology and Past and Present

Status of Right Whales (MM2324803-0)

North Pacific Fisheries Management Council

Workshop on ~arine Mammal-Fisheries Interactions

in the Bering Sea (MM2324802-7)

Reynolds, J.E. (Eckerd College)

Identification and Evaluation of Possible

Differences in the Hardiness of Bottlenose

Dolphins From Different Coastal Areas of the

Southeastern United States (MM2324822-1)

Southwest Fisheries Center (NMFS)

Data Analyses Relative to the Estimation of the

Size and Species Composition of Porpoise Schools

in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (MM2324792-1)

Analysis of Farallon Islands Elephant Seal Data

(MM2324775-6)

Waring, G.H. (Southern Illinois U., Carbondale)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research

(MM2324754-9)

Wino, H.E. (Biological Writers and Consultants,

Narragansett, Rhode Island)

Development of a Right Whale Sighting Network

in the Southeastern United States (MM2324805-6)

IT83

Bishop, J.B.

Assessment of Incidental Take of Sea Otters in

Set-Nets in the Vicinity of Morro Bay, California

(MM2629676-2)

Ferrari, D.A. and M.J. Ferrari

Analysis of Photographs and Other Information

Concerning the Identification, Behavior and Vital

Rates of Humpback Whales in Hawaii (MM2629752-5)

Gerrodette, T.

Review of the California Sea Otter Salvage Program

(MM2 62 9677 -5)

Gilmartin, W. (NMFS/SWFC, Honolulu)

Research and Other Activities Related to the

Protection and Recovery of the Hawaiian Monk Seal

(MM2629667-8)

$ 3 K

$ 5 K

4 K

$ 4 K

$ 12 K

$ 2.5K

4 K

8.4K

5 K

$ 1.6K

'.

n50 K
90

Gluckman., D.

Assessment of Mechanisms for Protecting Areas of

Special Biological Importance to Manatees (MM2324910-7)

Jameson, G.L.

Surveys o~ Beaches in the Central Part of the

California Sea Otter Range (MM2629849-8)

Keating, T.M. and D.A. Croll (Moss Landing Marine Lab.)

Monitoring the Incidental Take of California

Sea Otters in Certain Net Fisheries (MM2629603-4)

Lentfer, J.W.

Assessment of Issues Bearing Upon Marine Mammals

in Alaska (MM2324909-7)

North Pacific Fishery Management Council

Steller Sea Lion Pup Counts In and Near

Shelikof Strait, Alaska (MM2629856-6)

Swartzman, G.L.

Review Information on Demography, Dynamics and

Management of North Pacific Fur Seal (MM2629737-7)

Tinney, R.T., Jr.

Assessment of Past, Present and Future Risks of

Oil Spills In and Near the Present Sea Otter Range

in California (MM2324944-0)

Van Wagenen., R.

Mapping and Monthly Surveys of Kelp Canopies in

the Range of the Southern Sea Otter Population

(MM2629668-1)

Waring, G.H. (Southern Illinois U., Carbondale)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research

(MM2629857-9)

FY84

Allen, S. (Point Reyes Bird Observatory)

Effects of Housing Development on Harbor Seals at

Strawberry Spit, San Francisco Bay, California

(MM2910890-9)

Bean, M.J. (Environmental Defense Fund)

Domestic and International Authorities Applicable

to the Entanglement Problem (MM2629994-7)

$ 2.5K

$ 6 K

$ 3.6K

$ 4 K

$ 5 K

$ 4.1K

$ 3.3K

$ 8.9K

$ 2.5K

$ 7 K

$ 6.5K ,
91

Bengston, J.L.

Development of a Long-Range Plan to Detect and

Monitor the Possible Effects of Krill Harvest on

Whales, Seals, and Other Components of the

Antarctic Marine Ecosystem (MM2629914-1)

Bishop, J. B.

Observations of Gill and Trammel Net Fisheries

in Morro Bay, California (MM2629900-7)

British Antarctic Survey

Support for International Symposium and Workshop

on the Biology of Fur Seals (MM2910700-7)

Brownell, R.L., Jr.

Recovery of Beach Cast Gulf of California Harbor

Porpoise Carcasses (MM2910771-9)

Center for Ocean Management Studies (U. Rhode Island)

Support for Conference on Antarctic Politics and

Marine Resources (MM2910791-3)

Davidson, J.R. (U. Hawaii)

International Workshop on Marine Mammal Entanglement

in Lost and Discarded Fishing Gear and Other Debris

(MM269949-7 )

Foster, M.S. (Moss Landing Marine Laboratories)

Effects of Sea Otter Foraging on Kelp Forest

Communities (MM2910919-9)

Friends of the National Zoo

Workshop on Genetic Management of Captive

Populations (MM2910864-0)

Garrett, T.

Status of Manatee Populations in Greater

Caribbean Area (MM2629993-4)

Green-Hammond, K. (Ecosystem Modeling, Inc.)

Preparations for the 1984 Meetings of the Commission

and Scientific Committee for the Conservation of

Antarctic Marine Living Resources (MM2629905-7,

MM2910729-l)

Hatfield, B.B. and B.W. Arnold

Observations of Gill and Trammel Net Fisheries

in and near the California Sea Otter Range

(MM2910872-1, MM2910887-3, MM2910891-2)

Heneman, B.

Assessment of Incidental Take Rates of Sea Otter,

Harbor Porpoise and Other Marine Mammals in

California Coastal Waters (MM2910866-6)

$ 49.2K

$ 18.2K

$ 1.5K

$ 1.8K

$ 5 K

$ 4 K

$ 10 K

$ 3 K

$ 4.5K

$ 7. 5K

$ 7.8K

$ 24.4K
92

Kraus, S.D. and J.H. Prescott (New England Aquarium)

Review of Status and Development of a Research and

Management Plan for the Northwest Atlantic Right

Whale Population (MM291090s-0)

Census and Photographic Identification of Right

Whales in the Bay of Fundy (MM2910793-9)

Lentfer, J.W. and Associated Contractors

Development of a Long-Range Plan to Protect and

Conserve Marine Mammals in Alaska (MM2910798-4,

MM2910861-1, MM2910862-4, MM2910886-0)

North Pacific Fishery Management Council

Survey of Lost and Discarded Fishing Gear on

Beaches Along Southeast Alaska (MM2910786-1)

Pacific Western Aerial Surveys

Photoreconnaisance of Disabled Oil Tanker Off

Big Sur, California (MM2910748-9)

Participant Travel

Workshop on Methods and Procedures for Making

Optimum Sustainable Population Determinations

(MM2910818-7, MM2910837-8, MM2910860-8)

Point Reyes Bird Observatory

Workshop to Assess Possible Methods for Regulating

the Distribution and Movements of Sea Otters

(MM2910916-Q)

Reynolds, J.E.

Assessment of Bottlenose Dolphin/Fishery

Interactions in Coastal Waters of the Southeastern

United States (MM2910892-s)

Risebrough, R.W. (Bodega Bay Institute)

Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Chlorinated

Hydrocarbons in Sea Otters (MM2910790-0)

Shallenberger, E.W. (Pacific Basin Maritime, Inc.)

Assessment of Marine Mammal/Fishery Interactions

in Hawaii (MM2629897-7)

Shane, S.H.

Interactions Between Pilot Whales and Fisheries

Near Santa Catalina Island, California

(MM2629899-3, MM29108s9-8)

Southeast Fisheries Center, NMFS

Tag-Resighting Surveys of Bottlenose Dolphins in

the Mississippi Sound (MM2910909-2)

$ 24.8K

$ 4 K

$ 46.8K

$ 4 K

$ 1.6K

$ 2.8K

$ 8 K

$ 2.6K

$ 7.2K

$ 2.sK

$ 9 K

$ 15 K
93

Tinney, R.T., Jr.

Update Assessment of Oil Spill Risks on the

California Sea Otter Range (MM2910765-4)

Van Wagenen, R.F.

Mapping and Monthly Surveys of Kelp Canopies

in the California Sea Otter Range (MM2910735-3)

Waring, G.H. (Southern Illinois U., Carbondale)

Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research

(MM2 910918-6)

Winn, H.E. (U. Rhode Island)

Aerial Surveys of Right Whales in the Great

South Channel (MM2910792-6)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

FY80

Ray, G.C., D. Wartzok (Johns Hopkins U.) and P. Sebesta

(Ames Research Center)

Study of Predictive Ecological Models Useful

for the Management and Conservation of Bering

Sea Mammals SSIE

FY81

Smith, R.C., K.S. Baker and P. Dustan (U. California,

San Diego)

Ship Satellite Bio-Optical P~search in the

California 8ight (cetaceans)

FY82 - FY84

(No projects)

National Science Foundation

FY80

$ 9.9K

$ 205K

$ 3.3K

$ 12 K

Awbrey, F.T. (San Diego State U.)

Artificial Aggregating System for Tuna

Purse Seining

Dawson, W.W. (U. Florida)

Physiology of Vision in Dolphins and

Other Cetaceans (79-14129)

SSIE $) K

$ 99.2K
94

Fay, F.H. (U. Alaska)

Energy Cost and Control of Molting in Bering

Sea Harbor and Spotted Seals (80-06957)

Hall, E.R. (U. Kansas)

A Systematic Classification of North American

Ursus (80-14252)

Herman, L.M. (U. Hawaii, Manoa)

Behaviors and Social Organization of Humpback

Whales in Hawaiian Waters (77-24943)

Dolphin Information-Processing Capabilities

(77-16882)

Jehl, J.R. and W.E. Evans (Hubbs-Sea World Research

Institute)

Distribution and Ecology of Orcinus and

Globicephala in the Antarctic (8022633)

Kooyman, G.L. (Scripps Inst. Oceanography)

Biology of Weddell Seals During the Austral

Summer (79-23623)

LeBoeuf, B.J. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Biological Studies of the Northern Elephant

Seal (77-17063)

Morgane, P.J. (Worcester Foundation for Experimental

Biology, Inc.)

Archicortical-Limbic Formations of Dolphin

Brain (77-8660)

Norris, K.S. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Behavior of the Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin

(78-24638)

Siniff, D.B. (IT. Minnesota)

The Role of the Leopard Seal in the Antarctic

Marine Ecosystem (80-17257)

The Development of Satellite Tracking and

Antarctic Position/Activity Monitoring

for Selected Antarctic Vertebrates (80-17348)

Wormuth, J. (Texas A&M IT.)

A Study of Feeding Relationships in Tuna and

Porpoise Through the Application of Cephalopod

Beak Analysis (79-24779) SSIE

$ 38.8K

$ 36.3K

$ 42.3K

$ 43.5K

$ 33.8K

$ 95.3K

$ 30.2K

$ 46.6K

$ 83.8K

$ 76.4K

$ 19.8K

$ 31.6K
95

FY81

Bengtson, J. and D.B. Siniff (U. Minnesota)

Changes in Reproduction Patterns of Antarctic

Seals as Indicators of Shifts in Ecosystem

Structure and Function (DPP 80-20087)

Doming, D.P. (Howard U.)

Tertiary Sirenian Systematics and Paleontology

in West Atlantic and Caribbean (DEB 80-20265)

Fay, F.R. (U. Alaska)

The Energy Cost and Control of Molting in

Bering Sea Harbor and Spotted Seals (DPP 80-06957)

Herman, L.M. (U. Hawaii)

Dolphin Information Processing: Linguistic

Competencies (BNS 81-09653)

Kooyman, G. (Scripps Inst. Oceanography)

Biology of Weddell Seals During the Austral

Winter (DPP 79-23623)

Morgane, P.J. (Worcester Foundation for

Experimental Biology)

Neocortical Formations of Dolphin Brain

(BNS 81-00064)

Norris, K.S. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Behavior of the Hawaiian Spinner Dolphin

(BNS 78-24683)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Seasonal Movements and Interactions of Weddell

Seals and Antarctic Cod in McMurdo Sound,

Antarctica (DPP 80-20097)

FY82

Dawson, W.W. (U. Florida)

Physiology of Vision in Dolphins and Other

Cetaceans (BNS 79-14129)

Erickson, A.W. (U. Washington)

Census of Seals in the Eastern Section of

Antarctic Pack Ice (DPP 82-10588)

LeBoeuf, B.J. and L. Ortiz (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Biological Studies of Northern Elephant Seals

(DEB 81-17024)

$ 78.5K

$ 46.5K

$ 40.1K

$107 K

$ 68 K

$ 44.9K

$ 83.8K

$105.7K

$ 99.2K

$ 68.4K

$ 45 K
96

Morgane, P.J. (Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology)

Neocortical Formations of Dolphin Brain

(BNS 81-00064) $ 48.9K

Nybakken, J. and J.S. Oliver (San Jose State U.)

Walrus Feeding in the Bering and Chukchi Seas

(DPP 81-21722)

Singer, M.C. and M.L. Oldfield (U. Texas, Austin)

Doctoral Dissertation Research in Population

Biology (whales) (DEB 82-06441)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Seasonal Movements and Interactions of Weddell Seals

and Antarctic Cod in McMurdo Sound (DPP 80-20097)

Thomas, J.A. and J. Jehl, Jr. (Hubbs-Sea World

Research Institute)

Circumpolar Analysis of the Marine Mammal Faunas

of the Pack Ice, Antarctica (DPP 82-05761)

Wartzok, D. and D. Ketten (Johns Hopkins U.)

Doctoral Dissertation Research in Sensory

Physiology and Perception (cetaceans) (BNS 81-18072)

Zapol, W.M. (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Diving Physiology of the Fetal Weddell Seal

(DPP 81-00212)

FY83

Costa, D.P. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Bioenergetics of the Antarctic fur seal

(DPP 83-11799)

Dawson, W.W. (U. Florida)

Physiology of Vision in Dolphins and Other

Cetaceans (BNS 83-07891)

Erickson, A.W. (U. Washington)

Census of Seals in the Eastern Section of

Antarctic Pack Ice (DPP 82-10588)

LeBoeuf, B.J. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Biological Studies of Northern Elephant

Seals (BSR 81-17024)

$ 77.2K

$ 3.3K

$143.7K

$ 43.2K

$ 6.9K

$ 24.8K

$ 72 K

$ 2.2K

$ 39.9K

$ 51 K

Morgane, P.J. (Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology)

Neocortical Formations of Dolphin Brains

(BNS 81-00064) $ 54.3K
97

Nybakken, J.W. and J.S. Oliver (San Jose State U.)

Walrus Feeding in the Bering and Chukchi Seas

(DPP 81-21722)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Seasonal Movements and Interactions of Weddell

Seals and Antarctic Cod in McMurdo Sound,

Antarctica (DPP 80-200097)

Staley, J.T. (U. Washington)

Digestive Physiology and Gastrointestinal

Microbiology of Whales (DPP 83-00719)

Thomas, J. and J. Jehl, Jr. (Hubbs-Sea World

Research Institute)

Circumpolar Analysis of the Marine Mammal

Faunas of the Pack Ice, Antarctica (DPP 82-05761.)

Watkins, W.A. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)

Sperm Whale Identification Sounds (BNS 82-140891

Zapol, W.M. (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Diving Physiology of the Fetal Weddell Seal

(DPP 81-00212)

FY84

Costa, D.P. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Bioenergetics of the Antarctic Fur Seal

(DPP 84-43673)

Erickson, A.W. (U. Washington)

Antarctic Marine Ecosystem Research at the

Ice Edge Zone (AMERIEZ): Census of Seals

and Other Marine Mammals (DPP 82-18339)

Herman, L.M. (U. Hawaii)

Dolphin Information Processing: Linguistic

Competencies (BNS 81-09653Al)

Dolphin Information Processing: Cognitive

Characteristics (BNS 84-08465, BNS 81-09653A2)

LeBoeuf, B.J. (U. California, Santa Cruz)

Biological Studies of Northern Elephant Seals

(BSR 84-40769, BSR 81-17024Al, BSR 85-40404,

BSR 81-17024A2)

Morgane, P.J. (Worcester Foundation for Experimental

Biology)

Neocortical Formations of Dolphin Brain (BNS 81'-00064)

$ 60.5K

$ 60 K

$ 60. lK

$ 10 K

$ 46 K

$ 47 K

$ 73.2K

$ 49.9K

$ I. 6. 9K

$1.50.1K

$ 61 K

"

$ 54.3K
98

Nybakken, J.W. and J.S. Oliver (San Jose State U.)

Walrus Feeding in the Bering and Chukchi Seas

(DPP 81-21722)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Behavior and Ecology of Weddell Seals (DPP 83-18473)

Seasonal Movements and Interactions of Weddell

Seals and Antarctic Cod in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

(DPP 84-41958)

Zapol, W.M. (Massachusetts General Hospital)

Diving Physiology of the Fetal Weddell Seal

(DPP 81-00212)

Smithsonian Institution

FY80

Mead, J. (National Museum of Natural History)

Marine Mammal Program

Ray, C. (National Museum of Natural History)

Fossil Marine Mammals

FY81

Mead, J. (National Museum of Natural History)

Marine Mammal Program

Ray. C~ (National Museum of Natural History)

Fossil Marine Mammals

FY82

Boness, D.J. O.T. Oftedal and K.A. Dno (National

Zoological Park)

Lactation and Mother-Infant Interactions in

the California Sea Lion (5699-06)

Mead, J.G. (National Museum of Natural History)

Marine Mammal Program (82337100)

Ray, C.E. (National Museum of Natural History)

Fossil Marine Mammals

$ 66.8K

$109.8K

$ 90 K

$ 19.9K

$ 93.5K

$ 49.3K

$103 K

$ 49.3K

$ 11.8K

$ 97 K

$ 40 K
99

FY83

Boness, D.J., O. Oftedal and K. Ono (National

Zoological Park)

Maternal Investment in California Sea Lions,

Zalophus californianus

Mead, J. (National Museum of Natural History)

Marine Mammal Program (83337100)

Ray, C.E. (National Museum of Natural History)

Fossil Marine Mammals

FY84

Boness, D., K.A. Ono and O. Oftedal (National

Zoological Park)

Maternal Investment and Pup Development in

California Sea Lions

Mead, J.G. (National Museum of Natural History)

Marine Mammal Program (85337100)

Ray, C.E. (National Museum of Natural History)

Fossil Marine Mammals

Veterans Administration

FYBO-FY84

(No projects)

$ 22.4K

$108 K

$ 40 K

$ 42.5K

$125 K

$ 40 K

,