I

103D CONGRESS

2D SESSION H. R. 4270

To amend the Head Start Act to extend authorization of appropriations

for programs under that Act, to strengthen provisions designed to provide

quality assurance and improvement, to provide for orderly and appropriate expansion of such programs, and for other purposes.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

APRIL 20, 1994

Mrs. UNSOELD introduced the following bill; which was referred to the

Committee on Education and Labor

A BILL

To amend the Head Start Act to extend authorization of

appropriations for programs under that Act, to strengthen provisions designed to provide quality assurance and

improvement, to provide for orderly and appropriate expansion of such programs, and for other purposes.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; REFERENCES IN ACT.

4 (a) This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Education Begins

5 With Families Act of 1994’’.
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1 (b) Except where otherwise specifically provided, ref2 erences in this Act shall be considered to be made to the

3 Head Start Act, or to a section or other provision thereof.

4 SEC. 2. MONITORING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE.

5 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Act is amended by inserting

6 after section 641 the following new section:

7 ‘‘QUALITY STANDARDS; MONITORING OF HEAD START

8 AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS

9 ‘‘SEC. 641A. (a) QUALITY STANDARDS.—(1) ESTAB10 LISHMENT OF STANDARDS.—The Secretary shall establish

11 by regulation standards applicable to Head Start agencies,

12 programs, and projects under this subchapter, including—

13 ‘‘(A) performance standards with respect to

14 services required to be provided, including health,

15 education, parental involvement, social and other

16 services;

17 ‘‘(B) administrative and financial management

18 standards;

19 ‘‘(C) standards relating to the condition and lo20 cation of facilities; and

21 ‘‘(D) such other standards as the Secretary

22 finds appropriate, including standards for provision

23 of services to families with very young children.

24 ‘‘(2) MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS.—The regulations

25 under this subsection shall indicate the minimum levels

26 of overall accomplishment that a Head Start agency or
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1 program must achieve in order to meet the standards spec2 ified in paragraph (1).

3 ‘‘(3) CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPING STAND4 ARDS.—In developing the regulations required under para5 graph (1), the Secretary shall—

6 ‘‘(A) consult with experts in the fields of child

7 development, early childhood education, family serv8 ices, administration, and financial management, and

9 with persons with experience in the operation of

10 Head Start programs; and

11 ‘‘(B) take into consideration—

12 ‘‘(i) past experience with use of the stand13 ards currently in effect;

14 ‘‘(ii) changes over the period the program

15 has been in effect in the circumstances and

16 problems typically facing Head Start children

17 and families;

18 ‘‘(iii) developments concerning best prac19 tices with respect to child development, family

20 services, program administration, and financial

21 management; and

22 ‘‘(iv) projected needs of an expanding

23 Head Start program;

24 ‘‘(C) not later than one year after enactment of

25 this section, review and revise as necessary the per-
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1 formance standards in effect under this subchapter

2 on the date of enactment of this section (but any re3 visions in performance standards shall not result in

4 the elimination of or any reduction in the scope or

5 types of health, education, parental involvement, so6 cial, or other services required to be provided under

7 such standards in effect on November 2, 1978).

8 ‘‘(b) PERFORMANCE MEASURES.—(1) IN GEN9 ERAL.—Within one year after enactment of this section,

10 the Secretary, in consultation with representatives of

11 Head Start agencies and with experts in the fields of child

12 development, family services, and program management,

13 shall develop methods and procedures for measuring, an14 nually and over longer periods, the quality and effective15 ness of programs operated by Head Start agencies.

16 ‘‘(2) DESIGN OF MEASURES.—The performance

17 measures developed under this subsection shall be de18 signed—

19 ‘‘(A) to assess the various services provided by

20 Head Start programs and, to the extent the Sec21 retary finds appropriate, administrative and finan22 cial management practices;

23 ‘‘(B) to be adaptable for use in self-assessment

24 and peer review of individual Head Start agencies

25 and programs; and
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1 ‘‘(C) for other program purposes as determined

2 by the Secretary.

3 ‘‘(3) USE OF MEASURES.—The Secretary shall use

4 the performance measures developed pursuant to this sub5 section—

6 ‘‘(A) to identify strengths and weaknesses in

7 the operation of Head Start programs nationally and

8 by region; and

9 ‘‘(B) to identify problem areas that may require

10 additional training and technical assistance re11 sources.

12 ‘‘(c) MONITORING OF LOCAL AGENCIES AND PRO13 GRAMS.—(1) IN GENERAL.—In order to determine wheth14 er Head Start agencies meet standards established under

15 this subchapter with respect to program, administrative,

16 fiscal, and other requirements, the Secretary shall conduct

17 the following reviews of designated Head Start agencies,

18 and of the Head Start programs operated by such

19 agencies:

20 ‘‘(A) a full review of each such agency at least

21 once during each 3-year period;

22 ‘‘(B) a review of each newly designated agency

23 immediately after the completion of the first year

24 such agency carries out a Head Start program;
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1 ‘‘(C) follow-up reviews including prompt return

2 visits to agencies and programs that fail to meet

3 minimum standards for participation; and

4 ‘‘(D) other reviews as appropriate.

5 ‘‘(2) CONDUCT OF REVIEWS.—The Secretary shall

6 ensure that reviews described in subparagraphs (A)

7 through (C) of paragraph (1)—

8 ‘‘(A) are performed, to the maximum extent

9 practicable, by employees of the Department of

10 Health and Human Services who are knowledgeable

11 about Head Start programs; and

12 ‘‘(B) are supervised by such an employee at the

13 site of such Head Start agency.

14 ‘‘(d) CORRECTIVE ACTION; TERMINATION.—(1) If

15 the Secretary determines, on the basis of a review pursu16 ant to subsection (c), that a Head Start agency designated

17 pursuant to section 641 fails to meet the minimum stand18 ards for participation in programs under this subchapter,

19 the Secretary shall—

20 ‘‘(A) inform the agency of the deficiencies that

21 must be corrected;

22 ‘‘(B) with respect to each identified deficiency,

23 at the Secretary’s discretion (taking into consider24 ation the seriousness of the deficiency and the time
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1 reasonably required to correct it), require the agen2 cy—

3 ‘‘(i) to correct the deficiency immediately,

4 or

5 ‘‘(ii) to comply with the requirements of

6 paragraph (2) concerning a quality improve7 ment plan; and

8 ‘‘(C) initiate proceedings to terminate the des9 ignation of the agency unless the agency corrects the

10 deficiency as required by the Secretary pursuant to

11 subparagraph (B).

12 ‘‘(2) QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PLAN.—(A) Agency

13 Responsibilities.—In order to retain its designation under

14 this subchapter, a Head Start agency that is the subject

15 of a determination described in paragraph (1) shall—

16 ‘‘(i) develop in a timely manner, obtain the Sec17 retary’s approval of, and implement a quality im18 provement plan that specifies—

19 ‘‘(I) the deficiencies to be corrected;

20 ‘‘(II) the actions to be taken to correct

21 such deficiencies; and

22 ‘‘(III) the timetable for accomplishment of

23 the corrective actions identified; and

24 ‘‘(ii) eliminate each deficiency identified, not

25 later than the date for elimination of such deficiency
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1 specified in such plan (which shall not be later than

2 one year after the date the agency received notice of

3 the determination and of the specific deficiencies to

4 be corrected).

5 ‘‘(B) SECRETARIAL RESPONSIBILITY.—Not later

6 than thirty days after receiving from a Head Start agency

7 a proposed quality improvement plan pursuant to subpara8 graph (A), the Secretary shall either approve such pro9 posed plan or specify the reasons why the proposed plan

10 cannot be approved.

11 ‘‘(3) TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—To

12 the extent the Secretary finds feasible and appropriate

13 given available funding and other statutory responsibil14 ities, the Secretary shall provide training and technical as15 sistance to Head Start agencies with respect to the devel16 opment or implementation of quality improvement plans.

17 ‘‘(e) SUMMARIES OF MONITORING OUTCOMES.—The

18 Secretary shall publish annually, following the end of each

19 fiscal year, a summary report on the findings of reviews

20 conducted pursuant to subsection (c) and on the outcomes

21 of quality improvement plans under subsection (d).’’.

22 (b) EXPENDITURES FOR MONITORING AND RELATED

23 ACTIVITIES.—Section 640(a)(2)(D) is amended by insert24 ing ‘‘(including payments for all costs (other than com25 pensation of Federal employees) of reviews of Head Start
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1 agencies and programs, and of activities related to the de2 velopment and implementation of quality improvement

3 plans, pursuant to section 641A)’’.

4 (c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—

5 (1) Section 641(c) is amended by striking para6 graphs (2) through (4).

7 (2) Section 641(d) is amended—

8 (A) in the first sentence, by striking all

9 that precedes ‘‘then the Secretary’’ and insert10 ing ‘‘If there is in a community no entity enti11 tled to the priority specified in subsection (c),’’;

12 (B) by striking the second sentence; and

13 (C) in the third sentence, by striking ‘‘and

14 subject to the preceding sentence’’.

15 (3) Section 642(b)(4) is amended by striking

16 ‘‘in accordance with the performance standards in

17 effect upon section 651(b)’’ and inserting ‘‘either

18 through such program’’.

19 (4) Section 651(b) is repealed.

20 (5) Section 651(g)(10) is amended by striking

21 ‘‘evaluations conducted under section 641(c)(2)’’ and

22 inserting ‘‘monitoring conducted under section

23 641A(c)’’.
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1 SEC. 3. GOALS AND PRIORITIES FOR TRAINING AND TECH2 NICAL ASSISTANCE.

3 Section 648 is amended—

4 (1) in subsection (b)(2), by striking ‘‘Head

5 Start programs, including’’ and inserting instead

6 ‘‘Head Start programs, in accordance with the proc7 ess, goals, and priorities set forth in subsections (c)

8 and (d). The Secretary shall provide, either directly

9 or through grants or other arrangements,’’;

10 (2) by redesignating and relocating as sub11 section (e) the final sentence of subsection (f), as

12 amended by paragraph (1);

13 (3) by striking subsection (d); and

14 (4) by inserting after subsection (c) the follow15 ing:

16 ‘‘(d) GOALS.—The process for determining the tech17 nical assistance and training activities to be carried out

18 under this section shall—

19 ‘‘(1) ensure that the needs of local Head Start

20 agencies and programs relating to improving pro21 gram quality and to program expansion are ad22 dressed to the maximum extent feasible.

23 ‘‘(2) incorporate mechanisms to ensure respon24 siveness to local needs, including an ongoing proce25 dure for obtaining input from the Head Start com26 munity; and
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1 ‘‘(e) SPECIFIC PURPOSES.—In allocating resources

2 for technical assistance and training under this section,

3 the Secretary shall—

4 ‘‘(1) give priority consideration to activities to

5 correct program and management deficiencies identi6 fied through monitoring pursuant to section 641A

7 (including the provision of assistance to local pro8 grams in the development of quality improvement

9 plans);

10 ‘‘(2) address the training and career develop11 ment needs of both classroom and non-classroom

12 staff, including home visitors and other staff work13 ing directly with families, including training relating

14 to increasing parent involvement and services de15 signed to increase family literacy and improve

16 parenting skills;

17 ‘‘(3) assist Head Start agencies and programs

18 to conduct and participate in community-wide stra19 tegic planning and needs assessment;

20 ‘‘(4) assist Head Start agencies in better serv21 ing the needs of families with very young children;

22 ‘‘(5) assist Head Start agencies and programs

23 in the development of sound management practices,

24 including financial management procedures; and
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1 ‘‘(6) assist in efforts to secure and maintain

2 adequate facilities for Head Start programs.’’.

3 SEC. 4. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS FOR PROGRAM EXPANSION.

4 ‘‘(a) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS WITHIN STATES.—Sec5 tion 640(g) is amended—

6 (1) by striking ‘‘(g)’’ and inserting ‘‘(g)(1)

7 COST-OF-LIVING ADJUSTMENTS TO GRANTEES.—’’;

8 and

9 (2) by adding at the end the following new

10 paragraphs:

11 ‘‘(2) ALLOCATION OF EXPANSION FUNDS WITHIN

12 STATES.—In allocating funds within a State, for the pur13 poses of expanding Head Start programs, from amounts

14 allotted to a State pursuant to paragraph (4), the Sec15 retary shall take into consideration the following factors:

16 ‘‘(A) the quality of the applicant’s current pro17 grams (including Head Start and other child care or

18 child development programs and, in the case of cur19 rent Head Start programs, the extent to which such

20 programs meet or exceed performance standards and

21 other requirements under this subchapter);

22 ‘‘(B) the applicant’s capacity to expand services

23 (including, in the case of current Head Start pro24 grams, whether the applicant accomplished any prior

25 expansions in an effective and timely manner);
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1 ‘‘(C) the extent to which the applicant has un2 dertaken community-wide strategic planning and

3 needs assessments involving other community orga4 nizations serving children and families;

5 ‘‘(D) the numbers of eligible children in each

6 community who are not participating in Head Start;

7 and

8 ‘‘(E) the concentration of low-income families in

9 each community.

10 ‘‘(3) ALLOCATION OF EXPANSION FUNDS TO INDIAN

11 AND MIGRANT PROGRAMS AND TO TERRITORIES.—In de12 termining the amount of funds reserved pursuant to sec13 tion 640(a)(2) (A) or (B) to be used for expanding Head

14 Start programs under this subchapter, the Secretary shall

15 take into consideration, to the extent appropriate, the fac16 tors specified in paragraph (2).’’.

17 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 641(f) is

18 repealed.

19 SEC. 5. ALLOCATION AND USE OF FUNDS FOR QUALITY

20 IMPROVEMENT.

21 (A) ALLOCATION; USE OF FUNDS.—Section

22 640(a)(3) is amended—

23 (1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as sub24 paragraph (D);
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1 (2) in the matter preceding clause (i) of sub2 paragraph (A), to read as follows:

3 ‘‘(3) QUALITY IMPROVEMENT.—(A) RESERVA4 TION.—(i) The Secretary shall reserve, for activities speci5 fied in subparagraph (C) directed at the goals specified

6 in subparagraph (B), a share of the amount (if any) by

7 which such appropriations exceed the adjusted prior year

8 appropriation (as defined in clause (ii)) equal to—

9 ‘‘(I) 25 percent of such amount, plus

10 ‘‘(II) any additional amount the Secretary may

11 find necessary to address a demonstrated need for

12 additional quality improvement activities.

13 ‘‘(ii) ADJUSTED PRIOR YEAR APPROPRIATION DE14 FINED.—The term ‘adjusted prior year appropriation’

15 means, with respect to a fiscal year, the amount appro16 priated pursuant to section 639(a) for the preceding fiscal

17 year adjusted to reflect the percentage change in the

18 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (issued

19 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) during such preceding

20 fiscal year.

21 ‘‘(B) GOALS.—Quality improvement funds reserved

22 under this paragraph shall be used to accomplish any or

23 all of the following goals:
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1 ‘‘(i) Ensuring that Head Start programs meet

2 or exceed performance standards pursuant to section

3 641A.

4 ‘‘(ii) Ensuring that programs have adequate

5 qualified staff, and that such staff are furnished

6 adequate training.

7 ‘‘(iii) Ensuring that salary levels are adequate

8 to attract and retain qualified staff.

9 ‘‘(iv) Using salary increases to improve staff

10 qualifications and to assist with the implementation

11 of career development programs.

12 ‘‘(v) Improving community-wide strategic plan13 ning and needs assessments.

14 ‘‘(vi) Ensuring that the physical environments

15 of Head Start programs are conducive to providing

16 effective program services to children and families,

17 including families with very young children.

18 ‘‘(vii) Making such other improvements in pro19 gram quality as the Secretary may designate.

20 ‘‘(C) ACTIVITIES.—Quality improvement funds re21 served under this paragraph shall be used to carry out

22 any or all of the following activities:’’;

23 (3) in subparagraph (C), as redesignated, by

24 adding at the end the following new clause:
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1 ‘‘(vii) Such other activities as the Secretary

2 may designate.’’; and

3 (4) in subparagraph (D), as redesignated—

4 (A) in clause (i)—

5 (i) in the matter preceding subclause

6 (I), by striking ‘‘for the first, second, and

7 third fiscal years for which funds are so re8 served’’; and

9 (ii) in subclause (II), by inserting

10 ‘‘territories, and programs serving Indian

11 and migrant children,’’ after ‘‘States,’’;

12 (B) by striking clauses (ii) and (iii);

13 (C) in clause (iv)—

14 (i) by striking all that precedes the

15 first comma and inserting ‘‘Funds’’;

16 (ii) by striking ‘‘clause (ii)’’ the first

17 place it appears and inserting ‘‘clause (i)’’;

18 (iii) by inserting before the period at

19 the end of the first sentence, ‘‘, for expend20 iture for activities specified in subpara21 graph (C)’’; and

22 (iv) by striking the second sentence;

23 and
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1 (D) by striking clause (v), and redesignat2 ing clauses (iv) and (vi) as clauses (ii) and (iii),

3 respectively.

4 (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Paragraphs (4)

5 and (5) of section 637 are repealed.

6 SEC. 6. RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATIONS, EVALUATION, AND

7 REPORTS.

8 (a) RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATIONS, AND EVALUA9 TION.—Section 649, including the caption thereof, is

10 amended to read as follows:

11 ‘‘RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATIONS, AND EVALUATION

12 ‘‘SEC. 649. (a) IN GENERAL.—(1) Requirement;

13 General Purposes.—The Secretary shall carry out a con14 tinuing program of research, demonstrations, and evalua15 tion, in order to—

16 ‘‘(A) foster continuous improvement in the

17 quality of the Head Start Program under this sub18 chapter and in its effectiveness in enabling partici19 pating children and their families to succeed in

20 school and in everyday life; and

21 ‘‘(B) use the Head Start Program as a national

22 laboratory for developing, testing, and disseminating

23 new ideas and approaches for addressing the needs

24 of low-income preschool children and their families

25 and communities, and otherwise to further the pur26 poses of this subchapter.
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1 ‘‘(2) PLAN.—The Secretary shall develop, and peri2 odically update, a plan governing the research, demonstra3 tion, and evaluation activities under this section.

4 ‘‘(b) CONDUCT OF RESEARCH, DEMONSTRATIONS,

5 AND EVALUATION.—The Secretary, in order to conduct

6 research, demonstrations, and evaluations under this sec7 tion—

8 ‘‘(1) may carry out such activities directly, or

9 through grants to, or contracts or cooperative agree10 ments with, public and private entities;

11 ‘‘(2) shall, to the extent appropriate, undertake

12 such activities in collaboration with other Federal

13 and non-Federal agencies conducting similar activi14 ties;

15 ‘‘(3) shall ensure that evaluation of activities in

16 a specific program or project are conducted by per17 sons not directly involved in the operation of such

18 program or project;

19 ‘‘(4) may require Head Start agencies to pro20 vide for independent evaluations; and

21 ‘‘(5) may approve, in appropriate cases, com22 munity-based cooperative research and evaluation ef23 forts to enable local Head Start programs to collabo24 rate with qualified researchers not directly involved

25 in program administration or operation.
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1 ‘‘(c) CONSULTATION AND COLLABORATION.—In car2 rying out the activities under this section, the Secretary

3 shall—

4 ‘‘(1) consult with individuals—

5 ‘‘(A) from relevant academic disciplines;

6 ‘‘(B) involved in the operation of Head

7 Start and other child and family service pro8 grams; and

9 ‘‘(C) from other Federal agencies and or10 ganizations involved with children and families,

11 ensuring that such individuals reflect the multi-cul12 tural nature of the Head Start population and the

13 multi-disciplinary nature of the Head Start Pro14 gram;

15 ‘‘(2) whenever feasible and appropriate, obtain

16 the views of persons participating in and served by

17 programs and projects assisted under this sub18 chapter with respect to activities under this section;

19 and

20 ‘‘(3) establish, to the extent appropriate, work21 ing relationships with the faculties of colleges or uni22 versities located in the area in which any evaluation

23 under this section is being conducted, unless there is

24 no such college or university willing and able to par25 ticipate in such evaluation.
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1 ‘‘(d) SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.—The research, dem2 onstration, and evaluation programs under this part shall

3 include components designed to—

4 ‘‘(1) permit ongoing assessment of the quality

5 and effectiveness of the program under this sub6 chapter;

7 ‘‘(2) contribute to developing knowledge con8 cerning factors associated with the quality and effec9 tiveness of Head Start programs and in identifying

10 ways in which services provided under this sub11 chapter may be improved;

12 ‘‘(3) assist in developing knowledge concerning

13 the factors which promote or inhibit healthy develop14 ment and effective functioning of children and their

15 families both during and following the Head Start

16 experience;

17 ‘‘(4) permit comparisons of children and fami18 lies participating in Head Start programs with chil19 dren and families receiving other child care, early

20 childhood education, and child development services

21 and with other appropriate control groups;

22 ‘‘(5) contribute to understanding the character23 istics and needs of population groups eligible for

24 services provided under this subchapter and the im-
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1 pact of such services on the individuals served and

2 the communities in which such services are provided;

3 ‘‘(6) provide for disseminating and promoting

4 the use of the findings from such research, dem5 onstration, and evaluation activities; and

6 ‘‘(7) promote exploration of areas in which

7 knowledge is insufficient, including research on the

8 provision of services to families with very young chil9 dren, and which will otherwise contribute to fulfilling

10 the purposes of this subchapter.

11 ‘‘(e) LONGITUDINAL STUDIES.—In developing prior12 ities for research, demonstration, and evaluation activities

13 under this section, the Secretary shall give special consid14 eration to longitudinal studies which—

15 ‘‘(1) examine the developmental progress of

16 children and their families both during and following

17 the Head Start Program experience, including the

18 examination of factors which contribute to or detract

19 from such progress; and

20 ‘‘(2) examine factors related to improving the

21 quality of the Head Start Program experience and

22 the preparation it provides for children and their

23 families to function effectively in schools and other

24 settings in the years following Head Start; and
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1 ‘‘(3) as appropriate, permit comparison of chil2 dren and families participating in Head Start pro3 grams with children and families receiving other

4 child care, early childhood education, and child de5 velopment services, and with other appropriate con6 trol groups.

7 ‘‘(f) OWNERSHIP OF RESULTS.—The Secretary shall

8 take necessary steps to ensure that all studies, reports,

9 proposals, and data produced or developed with Federal

10 funds under this subchapter shall become the property of

11 the United States.’’.

12 (b) REPORTS.—Section 651 is amended—

13 (1) in the caption, to read ‘‘REPORTS’’;

14 (2) by striking subsections (a) through (f);

15 (3) by striking ‘‘(g)’’;

16 (4)(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of para17 graph (11);

18 (B) by striking the period at the end of para19 graph (12) and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and

20 (C) by adding after paragraph (12) the follow21 ing new paragraph:

22 ‘‘(13) a summary of the research, demonstra23 tion, and evaluation activities conducted under sec24 tion 649, including—
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1 ‘‘(A) a status report on ongoing activities;

2 and

3 ‘‘(B) results, conclusions, and rec4 ommendations based on completed activities not

5 previously reported on.’’.

6 (c) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—

7 (1) Sections 640A, 650, and 651A are repealed.

8 (2) Section 651, as amended by subsection (b),

9 is redesignated as section 650.

10 SEC. 7. INITIATIVE ON FAMILIES WITH INFANTS AND

11 TODDLERS.

12 (a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—The Act is

13 amended by adding after section 645 the following new

14 section:

15 ‘‘PROGRAMS FOR FAMILIES WITH INFANTS AND

16 TODDLERS

17 ‘‘SEC. 645A. (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall

18 make grants, in accordance with the provisions of this

19 paragraph, for—

20 ‘‘(1) programs providing family-centered serv21 ices for low-income families with very young children

22 designed to promote the development of their chil23 dren, to fulfill their roles as parents, and to move to24 ward self-sufficiency; and
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1 ‘‘(2) evaluation of, and provision of training

2 and technical assistance to, projects under the Com3 prehensive Child Development Centers Act of 1988.

4 ‘‘(b) FAMILIES ELIGIBLE TO PARTICIPATE.—Persons

5 who may be served by projects described in subsection

6 (a)(1) include pregnant women, and families with children

7 under age three (or under age five, in the case of children

8 served by a grantee specified in subsection (e)(2)), who

9 meet the criteria specified in section 645(a)(1).

10 ‘‘(c) SCOPE AND DESIGN OF PROGRAMS.—Programs

11 receiving assistance under this section shall—

12 ‘‘(1) provide, either directly or through referral,

13 early, continuous, intensive, and comprehensive child

14 development and family support services which will

15 enhance the physical, social, emotional, and intellec16 tual development of participating children;

17 ‘‘(2) ensure that the level of services provided

18 to families responds to their needs and cir19 cumstances;

20 ‘‘(3) promote positive parent-child interactions;

21 ‘‘(4) provide services to parents to support their

22 role as parents and to help them move toward self23 sufficiency;

24 ‘‘(5) coordinate services with existing programs

25 (including transitions to preschool programs and
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1 linkages with programs of other agencies, including

2 local education agencies, serving families with in3 fants and toddlers) in the State and community to

4 ensure a comprehensive array of services;

5 ‘‘(6) coordinate with local Head Start programs

6 in order to ensure continuity of services for children

7 and families;

8 ‘‘(7) in the case of a program operated by a

9 Head Start agency that also provides Head Start

10 services through the age of mandatory school attend11 ance, ensure that participating children and families

12 receive such services through such age; and

13 ‘‘(8) meet such other requirements concerning

14 program design and operation as the Secretary may

15 establish.

16 ‘‘(d) ELIGIBLE SERVICE PROVIDERS.—Entities that

17 may apply to operate services projects under this section

18 include—

19 ‘‘(1) entities operating Head Start programs

20 under this subchapter;

21 ‘‘(2) entities that, on the date of enactment of

22 this provision, were operating—

23 ‘‘(A) Parent-Child Centers receiving finan24 cial assistance under section 640(a)(4), or
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1 ‘‘(B) Comprehensive Child Development

2 Projects receiving financial assistance under the

3 Comprehensive Child Development Centers Act

4 of 1988; and

5 ‘‘(3) other public and non-profit private entities

6 capable of providing child and family services

7 that meet the standards for participation in programs

8 under this subchapter and such other appropriate require9 ments relating to the program under this section as the

10 Secretary may establish.

11 ‘‘(e) TIME-LIMITED PRIORITY FOR CERTAIN ENTI12 TIES.—(1) IN GENERAL.—From amounts allotted pursu13 ant to paragraphs (2) and (4) of section 640(a), the Sec14 retary shall provide financial assistance in accordance with

15 paragraphs (2) through (4) of this subsection.

16 ‘‘(2) PARENT-CHILD CENTERS.—The Secretary shall

17 make financial assistance available under this section for

18 each of fiscal years 1995, 1996, and 1997 to any entity

19 that—

20 ‘‘(A) complies with the standards and require21 ments established by the Secretary under subsection

22 (d); and

23 ‘‘(B) received funding as a Parent-Child Center

24 pursuant to section 640(a)(4) for fiscal year 1994.
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1 ‘‘(3) COMPREHENSIVE CHILD DEVELOPMENT CEN2 TERS (CCDCs).—In the case of an entity that—

3 ‘‘(A) complies with the standards and require4 ments established by the Secretary under subsection

5 (d); and

6 ‘‘(B) received a grant for fiscal year 1994 to

7 operate a project under the Comprehensive Child

8 Development Centers Act of 1988, the Secretary—

9 shall make financial assistance available under this section

10 for the duration of the demonstration project period speci11 fied in the grant award to such entity under such Act,

12 and shall permit such entity, in the program assisted

13 under this section, to serve children from birth through

14 age 5.

15 ‘‘(4) EVALUATIONS, TRAINING, TECHNICAL ASSIST16 ANCE RELATING TO CCDCs.—The Secretary shall make

17 funds available under this section as necessary to provide

18 for the evaluation of, and furnishing of training and tech19 nical assistance to, child development projects (specified

20 in paragraph (3)) under the Comprehensive Child Devel21 opment Centers Act of 1988.

22 ‘‘(f) SELECTION OF OTHER GRANTEES.—From allot23 ments pursuant to paragraphs (2) and (4) of section

24 640(a) (in amounts equal to the balance remaining of the

25 amount specified in section 640(a)(6) after making grants
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1 to the eligible entities specified in subsection (e)), the Sec2 retary shall award grants under this paragraph on a com3 petitive basis to applicants meeting the criteria specified

4 in subsection (d) (giving priority to entities with a record

5 of providing early, continuous, and comprehensive child6 hood development and family services).

7 ‘‘(g) SECRETARIAL RESPONSIBILITIES.—(1) GUIDE8 LINES.—The Secretary shall develop and publish guide9 lines concerning the content and operation of programs

10 under this section—

11 ‘‘(A) in consultation with experts in early child12 hood development and family services; and

13 ‘‘(B) taking into consideration the knowledge

14 and experience gained from other early childhood

15 programs, including programs under the Com16 prehensive Child Development Centers Act of 1988.

17 ‘‘(2) MONITORING, EVALUATION, TRAINING, AND

18 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—In order to ensure the success19 ful operation of service programs under this section, the

20 Secretary shall monitor the operation of such programs,

21 evaluate their effectiveness, and provide training and tech22 nical assistance tailored to the particular needs of such

23 programs.’’.

24 (b) FUNDS SET-ASIDE.—Section 640(a) is amend25 ed—
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1 (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ‘‘, and sub2 ject to paragraph (6)’’ before the period;

3 (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘paragraph

4 (5)’’ each place it appears and inserting ‘‘paragraph

5 (4)’’;

6 (3) by striking paragraph (4), and redesignat7 ing paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs (4) and

8 (5), respectively; and

9 (4) by adding after paragraph (5), as redesig10 nated, the following new paragraph:

11 ‘‘(6) FUNDING FOR PROGRAMS FOR FAMILIES WITH

12 INFANTS AND TODDLERS.—From amounts allotted pur13 suant to paragraphs (2) and (4), the Secretary shall use,

14 for grants for programs for families with infants and tod15 dlers under section 645A, a portion of the combined total

16 of such amounts equal to 3 percent for fiscal year 1995,

17 4 percent for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997, and 5

18 percent for fiscal year 1998, of the amount appropriated

19 pursuant to section 639(a).’’.

20 (c) CONSOLIDATION.—In recognition that the Com21 prehensive Child Development Centers Act has dem22 onstrated positive results, and that its purposes and func23 tions have been consolidated into section 645A of the

24 Head Start Act, the Comprehensive Child Development

25 Centers Act of 1988 is repealed.
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1 SEC. 8. ENHANCED PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT.

2 ‘‘(a) CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGNATING NEW HEAD

3 START AGENCIES.—Section 641(d) is amended—

4 (1) in paragraph (4), to read as follows:

5 ‘‘(4) the plan of such applicant—

6 ‘‘(A) to seek the involvement of parents of

7 participating children in activities designed to

8 help such parents become full partners in the

9 education of their children;

10 ‘‘(B) to afford such parents the oppor11 tunity to participate in the development, con12 duct, and overall performance of the program

13 at the local level;

14 ‘‘(C) to offer (directly or through referral

15 to local entities, such as Even Start programs)

16 to such parents—

17 ‘‘(i) family literacy services;

18 ‘‘(ii) parenting skills training;

19 ‘‘(iii) training in nonpunitive discipline

20 techniques that are age appropriate, con21 sistent, and positive for the child;

22 ‘‘(iv) training in basic child develop23 ment;

24 ‘‘(v) assistance in developing commu25 nication skills; and
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1 ‘‘(vi) opportunities for parents to

2 share experiences with other parents;

3 ‘‘(D) at the option of such applicant, to

4 offer (directly or through referral to local enti5 ties) to such parents—

6 ‘‘(i) parental social self-sufficiency

7 training;

8 ‘‘(ii) substance abuse counseling; or

9 ‘‘(iii) any other activity designed to

10 help such parents become full partners in

11 the education of their children; and

12 ‘‘(E) to provide, with respect to each par13 ticipating family, a family needs assessment

14 that includes consultation with such parents

15 about the benefits of parent involvement and

16 about the activities described in subparagraphs

17 (C) and (D) in which such parents may choose

18 to become involved (taking into consideration

19 their specific family needs, work schedules, and

20 other responsibilities;’’;

21 (2) in paragraph (7), by inserting ‘‘and’’ after

22 the semicolon;

23 (3) by striking paragraph (8); and

24 (4) by redesignating paragraph (9) as para25 graph (8).
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1 (b) FUNCTIONS OF HEAD START AGENCIES.—Sec2 tion 642(b) is amended—

3 (1) in paragraph (4), to read as follows:

4 ‘‘(4) seek the involvement of parents of partici5 pating children in activities designed to help such

6 parents become full partners in the education of

7 their children, and to afford such parents the oppor8 tunity to participate in the development, conduct,

9 and overall performance of the program at the local

10 level;’’;

11 (2) in paragraph (5), by inserting ‘‘and’’ after

12 the semicolon;

13 (3) by striking paragraph (6);

14 (4) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (7) as

15 paragraphs (8) and (9), respectively; and

16 (5) by inserting after paragraph (4) the follow17 ing new paragraphs:

18 ‘‘(5) offer (directly or through referral to local

19 entities, such as Even Start programs) to parents of

20 participating children—

21 ‘‘(A) family literacy services;

22 ‘‘(B) parenting skills training;

23 ‘‘(C) training in nonpunitive discipline

24 techniques that are age appropriate, consistent,

25 and positive for the child;
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1 ‘‘(D) training in basic child development;

2 ‘‘(E) assistance in developing communica3 tion skills; and

4 ‘‘(F) opportunities for parents to share ex5 periences with other parents;

6 ‘‘(6) at the option of such agency, offer (di7 rectly or through referral to local entities) to such

8 parents parental social self-sufficiency training, sub9 stance abuse counseling, regular in-home visitation

10 for families at risk of child abuse and neglect, or any

11 other activity designed to help such parents become

12 full partners in the education of their children;

13 ‘‘(7) provide, with respect to each participating

14 family, a family needs assessment that includes con15 sultation with such parents about the benefits of

16 parent involvement and about the activities described

17 in paragraphs (4) through (6) in which such parents

18 may choose to be involved (taking into consideration

19 their specific family needs, work schedules, and

20 other responsibilities);’’.

21 (c) FAMILY LITERACY SERVICES.—Section 637 is

22 amended by adding after paragraph (11) the following

23 new paragraph:

24 ‘‘(12) The term ‘family literacy services’ in25 cludes activities such as the following: interactive lit-
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1 eracy activities between parents and their children,

2 training for parents on how to be their children’s

3 primary teacher and to be full partners in the edu4 cation of their children, parent literacy training, and

5 early childhood education.’’.

6 SEC. 9. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

7 Section 639(a) is amended by striking all that follows

8 ‘‘651A)’’ and inserting ‘‘such sums as necessary for fiscal

9 year 1995 and each of the three succeeding fiscal years.’’.

10 SEC. 10. APPLICATION OF AMENDMENTS.

11 The amendments made by Act shall not apply with

12 respect to fiscal years ending before October 1, 1994.

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