Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research and Studies

FY 70 - FY 82

George H. Waring

Southern Illinois University

Carbondale, Illinois

August 1983

PB83-262998

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Technical Information Service
Report No. MMC-82/02

SURVEY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED

MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES

FY 70 - FY 82

George H. Waring

Department of Zoology

Southern Illinois University

Carbondale, Illinois 62901

Published August 1983

Final Report to U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

in Fulfillment of Contract MM2324754-9

Availability Unlimited

Prepared for

U.S. Marine Mammal Commission

1625 I Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20006 --RtPRODUCEO" BY -.----." -_... -"

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE

u.s. DEPAR1MENT OF COMMERCE

SPRINGFIElD. VA. 22161

PB83-262998
i

OPTIONAL FORM 272 C"-7n

(j:...r....""rl,, NT1S-3S)

(5•• ANSI 239.18) s.. Instructions on R~.,..

.501n·101

REPORT DOCUMENTATION 1

" REPORT NO. 2. 3. ~n.f. Acc...lon No.

PAGE NBC-82/02 PB83-262998

4. Title and Subtitle S. Report Oat_

Survey of Federally-Funded Narine Nammal Research August 1983

and Studies, FY70-FY82 .. 1. Author(s} a. Performine O,..anlutlon Rapt. No.

George H. Waring

9. Performln. Oraanlzatlon Name and Addr••• 10. ProjectlTuk/Work Unit No. ,

Dr. George H. Waring

Department of Zoology 11. ContractCC} or Grant(G) No.

Southern Illinois University (e, M..~2324-754-9

Carbondale, Illinois 62901 (G)

12. Spansorlnl' Oraanlutlon Name and Add,.... 13. Type of Report & P1Irlod Covered

U. S. Narine Nammal Commission Final Report

1625 I Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20006 I••

15. SUppiemenbry Notes

The data and information contained in this report were given, in final

form, to the involved agencies for review and comment. The agencies

consider the contents of this report to be accurate.

16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)

See page ii..

17. Document Analysis I. Cescriptors

,

b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms

e. COSATI Reid/Group

lS. Availability St.t.m.n~ 11. s.curtty Class (ThIs Report) 21. No. of Pal_.

Unclassified 90

Availability Unlimited zo. Security Cia•• (This PI.e) 22. Priee

Tln,..l """i -Fi",.,

-
PREFACE

The following review of federally-funded marine mammal research and studies

is a reference document presented in tabular form rather than as a continuous

text. It is an update of previous surveys compiled by the author for the

Marine Marmnal Commission. l The commission conducts a continuing review of

research programs conducted or proposed to be conducted under the authority

of the Marine Mammal Protection Act and undertakes or causes to be undertaken

such other studies as it deems necessary or desirable in connection with its

assigned duties as to the protection and conservation of marine mammals

[Section 202 (a) 2,3J. Under Sec. 205 of the Act, the Commission is provided

access to all studies and data compiled by federal agencies regarding marine

mammals so as to ensure that unnecessary duplication of research is avoided

and to carry out the purposes of the Act.

The user of this document will find the Table of Contents especially helpful

for locating specific information and for understanding the organization and

breadth of the material. The first section is an overview of all federallyfunded research involving marine mammals. The second section focuses upon research and studies conducted under authority of the Act. Tne last section lists

all research projects identified in the FY80 to FY82, surveys.

The data carne from two major sources: (1) directly from agency officials at

the request of the Marine Mammal Commission and (2) from the Smithsonian Science

Information Exchange. More than two dozen u.s. government agency offices were

surveyed by the commission. Principal investigators have on a few occasions

supplemented information on their projects. Appendix A is a listing of publications identified by the agencies as sources (or pending sources) of marine

mammal information resulting from federally-funded research. Unless otherwise

noted, the tables and figures summarize data supplied directly to the commission

by each agency. Appendix B is a listing of all FY80 to FY82 projects that were

identified by the sources.

Agencies vary in their ability to identify and retrieve information on special

projects. From year to year, both intra- and interagency variability occurs reducing the accuracy of the data for comparative purposes. Inherent also in such

a study is the difficulty of separating administrative costs from costs specifically for data collection and analyses. Generally the funds reported included

both costs and must be viewed accordingly.

27 June 1983 George H. Waring, Ph.D.

Carbondale, IL

1 . . See War~ng, G.H. 1981. Survey of federally-funded mar~ne mammal research and studies, FY70-FY79. Final report for ~~C contract MM1533588-3.

U.S. Dept. Commerce, National Technical Information Service PB81-174336. 235p.

ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii

LIST OF FIGURES ..

LIST OF TABLES ..

v

vi

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS.......... 1

Federal Agencies Funding Marine Mammal Research

Number of Marine Mammal Research Projects

Supported by Federal Agencies (FY70-FY80) as

Reported by the Smithsonian Science Information

Exchange.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5

Number of Marine Mammal Research projects

Supported by Federal Agencies in FY74-82,

Comparing Smithsonian Science Information

Exchange Data to Information Provided Directly

to the Marine Mammal Commission by Each Agency 6

Trends in Federal Support of Marine Mammal

Research (FY70-FYS2)........................... 7

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research

(FY7 4-FYl! 2) :

--By Agency.................................................................... 8

--By Geographical Region..................... 10

--By Taxonomic Group......................... 11

--By Research Issue.......................... 13.

II.

, RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE MARINE

MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972.................. 18

Research Responsibilities of Federal Agencies

Under the Act.................................................................... 19

Federal Funding Authorized, Requested and

Appropriated Under the Act..................... 21

iii
Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research Other

than Appropriated under Authority of the Act

(NOAA/NMFS and FWS), FY7 3-FY8 2. . . . . . . . . • • . . . • • • 22

Funds Expended on Marine Mammal Research by

the National Marine Fisheries Service and

the Fish and Wildlife Service, FY73-FY82........ 24

Number of Personnel Assigned to Marine Mammal

Administration and Research Activities in the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish

and Wildlife Service, FY73-FY82~............... 25

III. APPENDIX A

Publications Identified by Agencies as Sources

or Pending Sources of Marine Mammal Information

from Federally-Funded Research................. 26

IV. APPENDIX B

Listing of Marine Mammal Research Projects,

Principal Investigators and Funding Level for

FY80 - FY82..................................... 29

--Department of Agriculture.................. 30

--Department of Conunerce..................... 30

--Department of Defense •..•...••........•.•,. 42

--Department of Energy....................... . 47

--Department of Health and Human Services.... 48

--Department of the Interior................. 52

--Department of State... •••••••••••.•...•...• 71

--Department of Transportation............... 71

--Environmental Protection Agency............ 71

--Marine Mammal Commission................... 72

--National Aeronautics and Space Administration .

--National Science Foundation .......•....••..

--Smithsonian Institution •...•..•...•....•..•

--Veterans Administration ....••.•...•.•....••

iv

78

7~

82

83
Figure

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

1. Trends in federal support of marine mammal research: Total number of marine mammal projects

as reported by the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, FY70-Fy80, and to the Marine

Mammal Commission by each agency, FY74-FY82....... 7

2. Funds expended on marine mammal research by the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish

and Wildlife Service, FY73-FY82 24

v
Table

LIST OF TABLES

Page

1. Number of marine mammal research projects supported

by federal agencies as reported by Smithsonian

Science Information Exchange....................... 5

2. Number of marine mammal research projects supported

by federal agencies in FY74-82., comparing Smithsonian science Information Exchange data to information provided directly to the Marine Mammal Commission by each agency............................. 6

3. Federal funding of marine mammal research.......... 8

4. Regionally oriented marine mammal research in

waters adjacent to the United States.. 10

5. Taxonomic summary of 'federally-funded marine

mammal research.................................... 11

6. Federal funding of marine mammal research by research issue....................................... 13

7. Federal funding under the Marine Mammal Protection

Act. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21

8. Funds expended on marine mammal research other than

those appropriated under authority of the Marine

Mammal Protection Act.............................. 22

9. Number of personnel assigned to marine mammal

activities in the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and wildlife Service, FY73-FY82.. 25

vi
1

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS

INVOLVING MARINE MAMMALS

Fourteen departmental-level federal agencies participated

in funding marine mammal research and studies from FY70 through

FY82. Some agencies funded projects in all years, whereas

others supported studies during only part of the perio~. Often

more than one agency within the larger departments participated

in funding research. The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE) reported an average of 46.5 projects were funded

with federal monies in each of the years surveyed (Table 1);

nevertheless using the Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) information solicited directly from each agency, the average annual

number of projects for FY74-FY82 was 142 (Table 2). The trends

of these data are depicted in Figure 1. Data for year 76 include the 12-month fiscal year plus a transition quarter

(TQ76=July to September 1976) when the first day of the federal

fiscal year was shifted from 1 July to 1 October. Total funds

expended by each agency annually for marine mammal research

are shown in Table 3. Funding by geographic region, taxonomic

group, and research issue are listed in Tables 4, 5, and 6,

respectively.
2

FEDERAL AGENCIES FUNDING MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

The Department of Agriculture has conducted studies related

to contagious disease organisms associated with marine mammals.

The San Miguel sea lion virus has been of special interest. Clinically, the sea lion virus infection resembles the lesions of footand-mouth disease in ruminants.

Department of Commerce (DOC)

The Department of Commerce, through the National Marine

Fisheries Service (NMFS), conducts marine mammal and fisheries

research with emphasis on resource surveys, biological and ecological

investigations, and resource management for the use and conservation of living marine resources. The cetaceans and pinnipeds

(exclusive of the walrus) are among the responsibilities of this

Department. Research funding has been concentrated on the northern

fur seal, the incidental take of porpoise in the yellow-fin tuna

purse-seine fishery, and whale assessment. In addition, the National

Sea Grant College Program (NSGCP) and other offices in the National

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have supported studies

on marine mammals. OCSEAP (the outer Continental Shelf Environmental

Assessment Program managed by NOAA) was created through interagency

agreement between the Bureau of Land Management (now Minerals Management Service--MMS) and NOAA, it is responsible for most Alaska OCS

research funded by MMS.

Department of Defense (DOD)

The Department of Defense conducts marine mammal research

through the Headquarters Space Division of the Air Force, the Corps

of Engineers of the Army, and through the Navy. Units of the Navy

conducting this research include the Naval Ocean Systems Center

(formerly Naval Undersea Center) and the Office of Naval Research.

DOD research varies from basic environmental impact research to

applied military research. Differentiating marine mammals from

military targets, furthering the understanding of the undersea environment, and the utilization of marine mammals with specific behavioral traits for applied research are the major thrusts of the Navy

prqgram, studies on behavior modification, husbandry, bioacoustics,

migration and distribution, and sensory perception are supported.

Navy research also includes studies of the bacterial, viral, fungal

and parasitic diseases of marine mammals with particular emphasis

on those diseases that can be transmitted.
3

pepartment of Energy (DOE)

The Department of Energy (formerly the Atomic Energy Commissionand the Energy Research and Development Administration) has

occasionally supported marine mammal research. The thrust of the

research has been directed at the behavioral ecology of sea otters, especially at Amchitka Island in the area of the CANNIKAN

Shot, and also on problems associated with censusing marine mammals.

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

The Department of Health and Human Services, formerly the

Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), through the

National Institutes of Health, funds some research related to marine

mammals; the research is basically oriented toward an understanding

of human health and physiology. It consists primarily of research

on physiological mechanisms and adaptations. Marine mammals are

often one of several verteb~ates used in the research projects.

Department of the Interior (DOI)

The Department of the Interior, through the Bureau of Land

Management, supports environmental assessment studies involving'

the effects of outer continental shelf development on marine

mammals and their habitats. Special studies such as the effects

of hydrocarbons and other disturbances from oil and gas activities

are also supported. The Fish and wildlife Service (FWS) supports

management related research on the biology and population ecology

of walrus, sea otter, polar bear, and sirenians (manatees and

dugong). Additional studies are conducted on tissue contaminant

'levels in marine mammals, marine mammal tagging, and population

assessment of the Hawaiian monk seal in the Hawaiian Islands

National Wildlife Refuge. The Geological Survey conducts research

in marine mammal paleontology and the National Park Service supports some marine mammal studies relative to national park and

monument development.

Department of State (DOS)

The Department of State has supported studies of the Antarctic

krill resource (a major food resource of Southern Ocean marine

mammals) in consideration of the prospect of international commercial exploitation of krill in waters adjacent to Antarctica.

Funds have also been provided to further cetacean research of the

Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission and the International Whaling Commission.

Department of Transportation (DOT)

The Department of Transportation, through the Coast Guard, has

supported research to identify potential applied uses of the perception and capabilities of animals, including marine mammals.
4

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The Environmental Protection Agency has indirectly supported

marine mammal research through the study and monitoring of pollutant levels in coastal and pelagic marine organisms.

Marine Mammal Commission (~4C)

The Marine Mammal Commission supports research and studies

pertaining to the conservation and protection of marine mammals

to improve the operation of the Marine Mammal Protection Act.

Policy studies; methodological research; information overviews;

issue-specific research on population assessment, critical

habitats, taking, man-induced hazards, ecological inter-relationships, and socio-economic/legal aspects of marine mammal conservation; and reviews of agency actions and research under the Act

are integrated into the directed research program of the Commission.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration develops

and provides technological support for marine mammal research and

studies of user agencies. Telemetric and remote sensing capabilities through aircraft and satellite support are provided.

National Science Foundation (NSF)

Through its various divisions, the National Science Foundation supports marine mammal research; however, there is no directed

effort on marine mammals per se. The studies of Antarctic marine

mammals have been support~through this agency in accordance with

the Antarctic Treaty.

Smithsonian Institution (SI)

The Smithsonian Institution, through the Department of Vertebrate Zoology and the Department of Paleobiology of the Museum of

Natural History, supports their staff on marine mammal research

in evolution and general biology. Additional studies are conducted

at the National Zoological Park.

Veterans Administration (VA)

The Veterans Administration has supported a few projects on

the physiological characteristics of marine mammals. Among these

has been an electroencephalographic study of sleep in the pilot

whale.
5

TABLE 1

NUMBER OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROJECTS

SUPPORTED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES AS REPORTED

BY SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE*

Fiscal Year

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Department of Agriculture 2 1 3 3 1 1

Department of Conunerce 2 6 4 12 8 14 3 15

Department of Defense 8 13 16 17 5 18 10 1 12 10 15

Department of Energy

(formerly AEC and ERDA) 1 1 1 1 1 1

Department of Health and

Human Services (formerly

HEW) 6 9 7 8 5 16 15 7 2 3 4

Department of the

Interior 2 1 1 9 1 1 7 3 3

Department of State

Department of Transportation

Environmental Protection

Agency 1 1 1

Marine Mammal Connnission 22 18 12 6

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration 1 1 1 1 1

National Science

Foundation 9 8 17 5 8 13 13 6 12 9 8

Smithsonian Institution 1 2 2 2 2

«Veterans Administration 2 1 2 2 1 2 2

TOTAL 28 36 51 50 35 64 82 46 60 28 32

*Not an all inclusive listing of federally-funded marine mammal research.

The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange no longer exists.
6

TABLE 2

NUMBER OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY

FEDERAL AGENCIES IN FY74-82, COMPARING SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE

INFORMATION EXCHANGE DATA (A) TO INFORMATION PROVIDED DIRECTLY

TO THE MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION BY EACH AGENCY (B)

Department of Agriculture

Department of Interior

Fish & Wildlife Service

Geological Survey

Minerals Mgmt. Service

MMS/NOAA/OCSEAP

National Park Service

Department of State

Department of Transportation

Environmental Protection

Agency

Marine Mammal commission

National Aeronautics &

Space Administration

National Science Foundation

Smithsonian Institution

Veterans Administration

Department of Commerce

National Marine Fisheries

Service

Sea Grant

NOAA/OCS~2(see below)

North Pacific Fishery

Management Council

Ocean and Coastal Resource Mgmt.

Department of Defense

Air Force

Army

Naval Ocean Systems Ctr.

(NMC)

Naval Research Laboratory

Office of Naval Research

Department of Energy

Department of Health and

Human Services

TOTAL SSIE Data

MMC Data

FY74 FY75 FY76 FY77 FY78 FY/9 FY80 FYI:l.L FY<:iL

A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B

3 2 3 1 1 - - - 1 - - 2 - 1 4 - I

I

9 13 7 8 10 9 - 13 15 14 - 14 - 34 30 25

3 4 1 2 4 1 3 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 2 1

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 4

- - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2 - - I

2 16 8 8 3 7 - 14 2 17 2 8 3 9 6 8

- - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - I

3 10 10 6 7 6 1 7 10 7 8 11 12 8 7 6 ,

I

1 - 1 1 - 1 - 2 1 2 - - 1 1 1 1 I

I

5 20 16 26 15 17 7 13 2 12 3 8 4 9 11 12 !

j

- 15 - 20 - 27 5 40 2 43 - 52 1 44 32 27 !

- - 1 - 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 I - - - 1 - 4 - 3 - 4 - 7 2 12 8 10

I - - - 3 - 16 - 11 - 11 - 6 - 6 7 9

- 1 - 1 - 2 2 3 - 5 - 2 - 2 4 3

- - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 - 1 2 2 ,

- - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - -

I

- 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - !,

, - 14 - 32 22 30 18 29 12 34 6 7 - 21 16 15 ,

,

,

1 1 - 1 1 1 1 2 - 2 - - 1 - 1 -

8 12 13 7 13 10 6 10 12 8 9 11 8 14 8 9· !

- 4 2 4 2 2 3 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 2 3

- - 1 - 2 - - 2 2 2 - - - - - -.

35 64 82 46 60 28 32

113 122 133 153 168 137 172 146 137
FIGURE 1

TRENDS IN FEDERAL SUPPORT OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

Total Number of Marine Mammal Projects as Reported:

By the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE) and

To the Marine Mammal Commission (MMC) by Each Agency.

200-

180-

'"

"l 160-

-I MMC 0

Po 140- gJ

Ul 120- I'<

0

"l 100-

@'"'

Po 80-

fJ

0< 60-, "l SSIE <'1

40-

20-

0-. 70 71 72 73 74 75 76* 77 7B 79 80 81 82 B3

FISCAL YEARS

*Includes Transitional Quarter (July-September 1976)

-J
TABLE 3

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

{Thousands of Dollars}

FY74 FY75 FY/TQ76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82

Department of Agriculture 37.2 9.3 --- --- --- 209 --- 84.7

Department of Commerce

National Marine Fisheries

Service 1218.7 1386.6 1456.4 2313.8 3603.2 4425.9 5156.7 4421.1 3896.4

National Sea G1'ant Program 77.2 82.3 19.8 25.8 49.7 68 59.7 35.1 30

North Pacific Fishery Mgmt.

Council --- --- --- --- --- --- 97.2 28.9 10

Ocean and Coastal Resource

Mgmt. --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 67 56.6

Department of Defense

Air Force --- --- --- --- --- 40 15 79.2

Army --- --- --- --- --- 44 122

Naval Ocean Systems Ctr. 658 425 361 718 545 717 1979 1729 1524

Naval Research Laboratory --- --- --- --- --- 20

Office of Naval Research 485.4 270 260.1 414 430 538.4 462.8 302.6 204 00

Department of Energy --- 18.3 28 80 80 --- 30 20 25

Department of Health and

Human Services 916.9 1573.5 1078.5 781 772 392.8 602.5 755.8 899.2

Department of Interior

Fish & Wildlife Service 706 734.2 933 933 1042.7 1452.5 1418.9 1127.2 1221

Geological Survey --- --- --- 31.2 30.5 20 30 50 50

Minerals Mgmt. Service --- 706.7 2046.4 2242 2519.8 7457.3 6134.2 3413.8 3856.9

National Park Service 6 6 17.2 16.5 64.8 45.8 68 376.9 223

Department of State --- --- --- --- 51 500 592.9 719.4 644.6

Department of Transportation --- --- --- --- --- --- 95

Environmental Protection Agency 47 49.8

Marine Mammal Commission 258.8 446.7 561. 7 420.3 376.1 152.6 358.7 134.7 84.1

National Aeronautics & Space

Administration 45 100 194 50 65 --- 12 143.3
TABLE 3 (continued)

Federal Funding of Marine Mammal Research

FY74 FY75 FY/1'Q76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82

National Science Foundation 515.6 292.8 690.4 718.9 334.2 479.3 677.6 612.5 416.9

Smithsonian Institution 68.5 80.1 102 106.1 101.1 133.4 142.8 152.3 148.8

Veterans Administration --- --- --- 102.6 98.9

TOTAL $5013.3K $7748.5K $10,164K $18,055K $13,290.5K

$6181. 3K $8953.2K $16,696K $14,253.5K

'"
TABLE 4

REGIONALLY ORIENTED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH IN WA'fERS ADJACENT TO TIlE UNITED STATES

(Thousands of Dollars; Nlmber of Projects in parentheses)

Geographical Fiscal Year

Reqion 74 75. 76' 77 78 79 80 81 82

Hawaii --- 5 51.5 102.6 118.2 71.4 411.1 114.8 130

(1) (2 ) (8) (6 ) (2) (11) (2) (2)

Alaska 780.4 1,670.5 2,451.5 2,861. 7 3,336.8 3,746.7 5,407.4 3,992.1 4,949 .. 4

(22) (31) (36) (39) (46) (17) (34) (29) (31)

Oregon/ 17 87.3 81.6 43.5 60.3 68 229.9 234.5 15.6

Washington (1) (6) (6) (2) (4) (2) (2) (5) (2)

California 102.5 805.4 1,370 1,132 317.2 1,675.2 3,234.9 862.3 1,160.7

(4) (9) (18) (11) (12) (11) (19) (13) (17)

Gulf of Mexico 7.9 --- 6 --- 2.4 144.3 200 330.8 275.5

(1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (2) (3)

Florida 121.3 187.5 139.9 171.2 269 656.3 BS8.2 306.8 429.8

(4 ) (6) (9) (10) (12) (4) (21) (9) (8)

Georgia, South

Carolina and --- --- --- 199.9 --- --- 200 296.3 4

North Carolina (1) (2) (1) (1)

NE Coastal States 31.9 43.3 56.2 29.3 1,484 2,762.9 292.7 1,025.1 170

(3) (3) (5) (3) (4 ) (1) (l41 (8) 161

*Includes Transition Quarter (July-September 1976) , ...

o
~'ABLE 5

TAXONOMIC SUMMARY OF FEDERALLY-FUNDED MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

(Thousands of Dollars)

....

....

USDA DOC DOD

~~- DOE DHHS DOL DOS DOT EPA MMC NASA NSF 51 VA TO'l'AL -- --- 60 60

119.2 119.2

173.8 173.8

190.2 50 240.2

267.1 15 282.9

44 580_5 0.8 624.5

122 328.7 109 559.7

358 46.5 404.5

353 353

90 90

18.3 27.3 375 15.3 435.9

28 629.3 103.2 760.5

30 587.3 40.6 657.9

30 717.7 49.9 797.6

59.7 809.4 22.6 891.7

71 30 718 36.3 855.3

22.2 5.1 20 639.2 18 704.5

25 914 5.6 944.6

37.2 586.8 90 56.3 6 56.2 268 49.5 1150

9.3 752.7 . 140 210.7 171 154.9 156.6 51.8 1647

760.5 147 116.2 684.6 54.3 268.3 59.2 2090.1

783.8 274 141.3 763.5 64.8 131.1 56.1 102.6 2317.2

858.7 325 664.6 33.7 141.5 45 2068.5

200 956.7 246 76.6 589 59.1 243.2 47.4 2418

1454.7 353 43.5 467.7 106 240.7 2665.6

940.2 149.2 51.4 541.9 56 330.3 2069

1036.4 50 38.4 385.1 12 215.4 11.8 1749.1

695.5 344 294.2 77.9 170.1 19 1600.7

675 250.5 365.1 190.9 61 28.3 1570.8

709.7 263.1 114.3 126.2 262.8 275.2 42.8 1794.1

1555.8 527 144.6 253.4 124.9 213.1 2818.8

2794.2 446 149.6 278 169.7 163.1 4000.6

3326.3 746.4 74.1 2937.5 500 81 187.9 7853.2

3542.8 1583.8 167.1 2200.8 592.9 133.7 380.8 8601. 9

44.6 3118 1485.6 463.4 1817 719.4 34.4 143.3 235.7 8061.4

2304.2 1355 229.9 2607.1 644.6 28 158.3 7327.1

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

Carnivora

(Polar Bear

and Sea

Otter)

Sirenia

(Manatees

and Dugong)

Pinnipedia

(Seals, Sea

Lions and

walrus

Cetacea

(Whales and

Porpoises)
Table 5 (Continued)

USDA DOC DOD DOE DHHS 001 DOS ~~~ DOT EPA MMC NASA NSF Sl ~~ VA... 'fOTAL

13.6 682.4 566.4 556 47 124.7 45 77 .5 2112.6

41.2 304.5 970.4 781.7 49.8 85.6 100 75.2 2408.4

6 211 848 1382.7 141.4 146.9 2736

311 50 495.1 1428.3 190 374.7 50 2919.1

204 50 622.4 1730.4 51 122 50 29.6 56.1 98.9 3014.4

9 210.9 323 242.1 3999.5 12.5 25.6 86 4908.6

245.1 520 391.9 3945.9 95 10 19.8 142.8 5370.5

17.9 635.9 476 241 1654.3 26.3 152.3 3203.7

622.4 323 630.9 1091. 7 38.5 43.2 137 2886.7

Mixed Species 74

or General 75

Studies 76

77

78

79

80

81

82

,....

N
13

TABLE 6

FEDERAL FUNDING OF MARINE MAMMAL

RESEARCH BY REASEARCH ISSUE

(Thousands of Dollars)

FUNDING

7574 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 AGENCY

SPECIAL RESEARCH

ISSUE .

Tuna/Porpoise:

population Assessment 85.1 108 81 516.5 524.5 462.7 676.9 615 462 NMFS

2 4 MMC

500 592.9 687.1 609.2 DOS

Mortality Reduction 167.4 140.2 120 299.6 487.6 512.9 433.1 303.6 NMFS

178 67.4 5.6 Mc'lC

119.6 97.1 NSF

48 Navy

Assessment of Taking 179 189.6 318.7 329.5 346.9 246.7 320.7 NHFS

3.5 9.8 12.4 MMC

Biology 271.3 342.9 136 138.1 220.4 705.3 382.4 430.2 318.3 NMFS

26 Navy

12.5 10 MMC

31.6 NSF

International Wnaling

Convention: 32.3 35.41 DOS

Assessment of Stocks 32 (33.6) (38.7) (52.8) (103) 340.5 433 NMFS

and Taking (overview 26.3 33.5 19.8 70.9 65 jMMC

studies) 21.5 . ,NSF

Marine Mammal/Fisheries I I, Conflicts:

Southern Ocean Krill 10 14.5 4 10 Hl1C

51 DOS

25.6 NSF

Fin Fish/Pinniped 19.8 25.8 49.7 68 30 30 NSGCP

Interactions 17.7 59.3 4.9 32.5 10 M:.'1C

; 70 604.6 349.9 309.3 NMFS

Shell Fish/Sea Otter 6 5.1 NSGCP

Interactions 4.5 FWS

142.4 NMFS

Fin Fish/porpoise 10 NPFHC

Interactions 2 5 MMC

Incidental Taking 10 IMMC

(29) Iffi1FS

Effects of Oil and I Gas Dev. On Marine

1390.31MMS

l1aJnmals:

Physiological Studies 91.5 59 65 1097.8 394.1 111.8

2.8 2 IMc'lC

Risk Analvsis 184.4 Mc'lS
14

FUNDING

78 79 80 81 82 ;;G''''ICY

FISCAL YEAR

74 75 76 77

SPECIAL RESEARCH

ISSUE (Con t ) ~.' -

Marine Mammal

Strandings:

Biological Studies 15 25 32.3 15 MMC

(6.4) (18.3) (42.8) (11. 9) (14.6) (15) (20) SI

6 3.5 20 30 31.5 NI1FS

70.4 MMS

(15) (30) (18.7) (15) FWS

Bowhead Whales:

Assessment of Stocks

and Taking 16 (20.6) (38.7) 201 724 871.1 737.2 765.1 456.9 NHFS

(44.1) (42.5) (167.2) 591 345.3 MMS

6.7 MMC

Bio1oav 590 MMS

Humpback Whale:

Population Assessment (38.7) (52.8) (103) 15 39.1 70.7 39 NMFS

25.1 21.4 15 9 5 MHC

Biology 11.2 10 31.3 39.8 63 376.3 223 NPS

I

4.1 ffio1FS

39.7 40.2 42.3 NSF

48 24 Navy ,

Gray Whale: ,

Population Assessment 31.4 (32.7) (38.8) (52.8) (103) 25.7 I ~"MFS

37 9 Navy

Assessment of HumanInduced Impact 14.7 16.5 9.8 20.6 3.8 6 ?JIl·1C

Bio1oav 187.7 58.1 497 M.i.'1S

"Northern Right Whale:

Population Assessment: 27.8 25 NMFS

3 4 MMC

Bio1oav 9 Navy

Killer Whale:

Population Assessment 17 (17.6) (38.8) (52.7) 3 NMFS

37.9 7.9 MMC

(15.3) NSF

Pilot Whales:

Population Assessment 10 Navy - (13.3) NSF _Biology (6.3) (5) SI

10 USDA
lS

FUNDn;,-;

79 80 81 82 AGE"IC'

FISCAL YEAR

74 75 76 77 78

SPECIAL RESEARCH

ISSUE (Cont.) . ,

Be1ukha:

Population Assessment (44) (42.5) (17.2) 49.8 MMS

Biology 134 MMS

20 10 25 350 525 102 Navy

Harbor porpoise

Population Assessment: 45 30 NMFS

Dall porpoise:

Population Assessment 210 6.9 264 (228) NMFS

Bottlenose Dolphin:

Population Assessment 55 68.3 1.9 MMC

180.8 219.9 221.8 248.3 t-~.FS

Biology 211 100 133 270 168 467 903.9 850 1074 Navy

38.1 DHHS

54.3 55.6 20 86.7 92.8 85.3 90.1 107 48.9 NSF

15.8 31.8 0.5 4 Ml-IC

9 NrIFS

Northern Fur Seal:

Population Assessment and Monitoring ·395.2 339.5 354.4 352 (367) 430.2 246 156.6 263.3 N1d.FS

Biology 145.5 330.9 330.2 366 384 269.3 410.9 420.2 285.4 NMFS

32.2 MMC

70 96 88 Navy

-

Guadalupe Fur Seal:

Pooulation Studies (13.3) (13.3) (16.7) NMFS

Antarctic Seals:

Population Studies 125.8 115.8 +-2.9..,3. 97 68.4 NSF -

Bio10ov 64.3 15.2 241.1 172.7 89 70.4 171.7 290.2 24.8 NSF

Arctic Seals:

Population Studies 18.3 (20.6) NMFS

9.7 NSGCP

78 - 157 85 !'IMS

Biology 7 MMC

55 NSGCP

136 201.1 237.6 212 281.6 157 l-1MS

38.8 NSF
16

FUNDING

78 79 8180 82 ~G""NC

FISCAL YEAR

74 75 76 77

SPECIAL RESEARCH

ISSUE (Cont.) ~. ·Col. Y

Hawaiian Monk Seal: 60.9 MNC

Population Assess- 55 3B.2 52.3 52 31.2 50.9 31 (2B) FWS

ment (13.3) (13.3) (16.7) 3 138.3 102 NHFS

Bio1oqy 34.1 25.8 34.9 ~1!:4C

Gray Seal:

Population Studies: (5.2) 10.2 .'!MC

2.3 1.3 NME'S

Biology 90 110 10 30 Navy

Harbor Seal: 15 OOClill

53.7 NSGCP

Population Studies (5.3) 27 33.5 17.7 5.2 23.5 .'!MC

6 6 6 6 31 6 NPS

3 11.5 39.4 3.5 20 NMFS

Biology 2.3 B.6 2.8 .'!MC

65 60 (50) 50 .'!MS

25 Navy

36.3 NMFS

Northern Elephant Seal:

Population Studies (13.3) (13.3) (16.7) 4.1 ~lMFS

Biol.ogy 27.9 25.9 27.2 33.1 31.8 41.2 30.2 45 NSF

10 5.3 12 M!1C

, 43.5 51.7 38.4 DHHS

California Sea Lion: I

Population Studies 7 82'~5 NME'S

Biology 37.2 9.3 200 USDA

40 35 37 74 110 247 I Navy

.-29.3 64.7

[

DHHS

50 NSF

J 2 12.2 MMC .. I . U.8 SI

SteUer Sea Lion:

Population Studies 157.1 145.5 155 148 95 MMS

34.9 ,NMFS _. .

Walrus:

Population Studies (160) 112.8 141.6 52 141.8 231.8 99 (50) FWS

130.3 150.1 MMS

5 MMC

Biology 17.6 27.3 NSGCP

38.7 48.4 20 MMC

77.2 NSF
17

FUNDING

79 8180 82 AGENCY

FISCAL YEAR

7574 76 77 78

SPECIAL RESEARCH

ISSUE (Cont.) .

Manatees & Dugong:

Population Studies (60) 100 (143.8) 159.7 (236.6) (290.3) (265.7) (300) (150) FWS

50 NASA

0.5 3 NPS

0.8 109 MMC

144.3· MMS

Biology 19.2 (30) (30) (30) (127.2) 45 (52) (l73;1 FWS

44 122 I Army

Polar Bear:

Population Studies (45) 214.3 (401) (303.1) (223.1) 251 (140.8) (200) (~O) IFWS

Biology 35.7 (50) (50) (50) (50) (54) (140) FWS

(150) 22.6 36.3 NSF

Sea Otter:

Population Studies (45) (125) 157.2 151.9 352.1 (5-30.4) (400) (185.2) FWS

21.1 I1MS

Biology 13.5 27.3 DHHS

15.3 103.2 40.6 49.9 16 5.6 MMC

18.3 28 30 30 30 20 25 DOE

23.3 27.5 (28) I(l89.8) 200 470 FHS

59 124 MMS

Amounts indicated in paren~~eses are estimated subunits of totals reported by agencies under

more general categories.

*pilot Study: Only 5-10% was for study of manatees.
18

II. RESEARCH AND STUDIES UNDER AUTHORITY

OF THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT OF 1972

The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (MMPA) established the Marine Mammal Commission and distributed marine

mammal protection and conservation responsibilities to the

Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the Interior,

including the agencies under their purview. The act acknowledged the need for further information and encouraged research; some responsibilities for research and its implementation were designated in Sections 108, 109, Ill, 112,

202, and 205. Table 7 is a list of annual funding authorized

under the various sections of the Act, the amounts requested

by agencies pursuant to the Act, and amounts appropriated

by Congress. Additional federal funds have been spent in

activities related to marine mammals; the additional sources

and amounts of research funding are shown in Table 8 and

Figure 2. The number of personnel assigned to marine mammal

research verses administrative responsibilities within the

National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife

Service from FY73 through FY82 are listed in Table 9.
19

RESEARCH RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL

AGENCIES UNDER THE !1ARINE ~~ PROTECTION ACT

Congress, in developing the Marine Mammal Protection Act,

recognized that there was inadequate knowledge of the ecology

and population dynamics of marine mammals as well as of other

factors important for marine mammal protection and conservation.

The Act, therefore, specified certain research and study responsibilities for the Department of Commerce, Department of Interior,

and the Marine Mammal Commission.

The Secretary of Commerce was directed to undertake, in consultation with the Marine Mammal Commission, a study of the North

Pacific fur seals to determine whether herds of such seals, subject

to the jurisdiction of the United States, are presently at their

optimum sustainable population and what population trends are evident. The Secretary was also to undertake a comprehensive study

in consultation with the Secretary of State, to determine what

modifications, if any, should be made to the provisions of the

North Pacific Fur Seal Convention, or of the Marine 11ammal Protection Act, or both, to make the Convention and the Act consistent with each other. These studies were to be completed by 21

October 1973 [Sec. 108 (b) (1) ].

The Secretary of Commerce was also directed to immediately

undertake a program of research and development for the purpose

of devising improved fishing methods and gear so as to reduce to

the maximum extent practicable the incidental taking of marine

mammals in connection with commercial fishing. For purposes of

this research, Congress authorized the sum of $1,000,000 to be

appropriated for both FY 73 and FY 74. Funds appropriated for this

research remain available until expended [Sec. lll(a)].

Both the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Interior

are authorized by the Act to make grants to each state whose laws

and regulations relating. to protection and management of marine

mammals which primarily inhabit waters or lands within the boundaries

of that state are found to be consistent with the purposes and policies of the Act. The purpose of such grants shall be to assist

such states in developing and implementing state programs for the

protection and management of such marine mammals. Such grants are

not to exceed 50 per centum of the costs of a particular program's

development and implementation [Sec. 109(b)].

The Secretaries are also authorized to make, after review by

the Marine Mammal Commission, grants to any federal or state agency,
20

public or private institution, or other person to enable research

on topics relevant to the protection and conservation of marine

mammals. Authorized to be appropriated for these grants in FY73

and for each of the next four fiscal years was an amount not to

exceed $2,5000,000--one-third of the sum to be available to the

Secretary of Interior and two-thirds of the Secretary of Commerce

[Sec. no (a) (b) (c)].

The Secretaries, as appropriate, are directed to review

annually the operation of each program in which the united States

participates involving the taking of marine mammals on land [Sec.

112 (d)]. The secretaries are required by the Act to report annually to the public and to the Congress on the current status of

all marine mammal species and population stocks subject to the

provision of the Act [Sec. 103 (f)].

The Marine Mammal Commission established under Section 201 of

the Act was directed in Section 202(a) to:

1. Undertake a review and study of the activities of the

united States pursuant to existing laws and international conventions relating to marine mammals, including, but not limited to, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, the Whaling

Convention Act of 1949, the Interim Convention on

the Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals, and the

Fur Seal Act of 1966;

2. Conduct a continuing review of the condition of the

stocks of marine mammals, of methods for their

protection and conservation, of humane means of

taking marine mammals, of research programs conducted under authority of the Act, and of all applications for permits; and

3. Undertake or cause to be undertaken such other studies

as it deems necessary or desirable in connection with

its assigned duties as to the protection and conservation of marine mammals.

The Act gave the Commission access to all studies and data

compiled by federal agencies regarding marine mammals. With the

consent of the appropriate Secretary or agency head, the Commission may also utilize the facilities or services of any federal

agency and shall take every feasible step to avoid duplication of

research and to carry out the purposes of the Act [Sec. 205].
TABLE 7

FEDERAL FUNDING UNDER THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

AUTIlORIZEDa REQUES'fEDb APPROPRIATEDc

Sec Sec Sec Sec Total Sec Sec Sec Sec Total Sec Sec Sec Sec Total

109 110 114 207 109 110 114 207 109 110 114 207

Department of

Conunerce (NMFS)

FY73 1000' 1667 2000 - 4667 375' - 1090 - 1465

FY74 1000' 1667 2000 - 4667 900' - 4400 - 5300 - 250 1350 - 1600

FY75 - 1667 2000 - 3667 - 250 2300 - 2550 - 250 1350 - 1600

FY76 - 1667 2000 - 3667 - 250 2300 - 2550 - 1100 1697 - 2797

FY77 - 1667 3000 - 4667 - 1667 3272 - 4939 - 1667 2778 - 4445

FY78 - 200 11500 - 11700 - - 4872 - 4872 - - 4872 - 4872

FY79 225 2700 8500 - 11425 - 200 6842 - 7042 - 200 6842 - 7042

FY80 225 2700 9000 - 11925 - 100 6628 - 6728 - 100 7128 - 7228

FY81 225 2700 9500 - 12425 - 100 7775 - 7875 - 100 6980 - 7080

FY82 7223 -- - 7223 ---7416 -- - 7416 7416 -- - 7416

Department of

Interior (FWS)

FY73 - 833 700 - 1553 - 100 700 - 800 - 0 0 - 0

FY74 - 833 525 - 1358 - 400 300 - 700 - 400 300 - 700 tv

f-'

FY75 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY76 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY77 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358 - 833 525 - 1358

FY78 - 1200 850 - 2050 - 833 525 - 1358 - 950 589 - 1539

FY79 400 1300 650 - 2350 - 1000 600 - 1600 4CJO 1000 600 - 2000

FY80 400 1500 760 - 2660 400 1000 600 - 2000 400 1000 600 - 2000

FY81 400 2100 876 - 3376 400 1000 600 - 2000 400 WOO 600 - 2000

FY82 1600 -- - 1600 --1600 - 1600 --1600 - 1600

Marine Marrunal

conunission

FY73 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 0 0 - - - 0 0

FY74 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 825 825 - - - 412 412

FY75 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 750 750

FY76 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 900 900

FY77 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000

FY78 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 900 900 - - - 900 900

FY79 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 702 702 - - - 702 702

FY80 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 640 640 - - - 940 940

FY81 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 940 940

FY82 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 1000 1000 - - - 734 734

*Secti~n III funds aAuthorized under sections of the Act

bRequested funding of the agencies

cFunds subsequently appropriated by Congress
22

TABLE 8

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

OTHER THAN THOSE APPROPRIATED UNDER AUTHORITY OF THE

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT

(Thousands of Dollars)

NOAA/National Marine

Fisheries Service Source

FY73 NMFS Reprogramming

NOAA Reserve

Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY74 Fur Seal Act Authorization.

Reprogramming and Reserve

FY75 Fur Seal Act Authorization

NOAA Reserve

FY76 Fur Seal Act Authorization

NMFS Reprogramming

TQ76 Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY77 Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered Species Act

Authorization

Saltonstall-Kennedy Reserve

FY78 Fur Seal Act Authorization

Endangered species Act

Authorization

FY79 Endangered Species Act

Authorization

Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY80 Endangered Species Act

Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY81 Endangered Species Act

Fur Seal Act Authorization

FY82 Endangered Species Act

Fur Seal Act Authorization

DOl/Fish and

Wildlife Service

Amount

300

424

309

309

295

395

442

595

59

148

595

294

78

595

294

132

595

1428.4

595

775

595

o

595

FY73

FY74

FY75

FY76

TQ76

FWS Appropriation 149

FWS Appropriation 49

FWS Appropriation 75

FWS Appropriation 67.2

FWS Appropriation 16.1
Table 8 Continued

Dor/Fish and

Wildlife Service

FY77

FY78

FY79

FY80

FY81

FY82

23

Source Amount

FWS Appropriation 16

Endangered Species Act

Authorization 93.7

Endangered Species Act

Authorization 213.1

Endangered Species Act

Authorization 162

FWS Appropriation 82.2

Endangered Species Act

Authorization 521. 7

Endangered Species Act

Authorization 502.2
5100-

4BOO

4500-

4200

3900

3600

3300

3000

2700

2400·

2100-

IBOO

!E1

o

FIGURE 2

FUNDS EXPENDED ON MARINE MAMMAL RESEARCH

BY THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND

THE FISH AND WILDI,IFE SERVICE ::m

Fy73-FYB2 -:;:::::;:;:,

(Thousands of Dollars) llit~*

Funds under authority of MMPA

Funds other than appropriated

under authority of MMPA

tv

'"

. -,

1500-

1200-

900

600

300-

t-----J

NMFS FWS

FY73

NMFS F'WS

FY74

I

ftI

NMFS

-

FWS

FY75

l::;:;:;:;:::

NMFS FWS

FY76*

NMFS FWS

FY77

NMF'S FWS

FY7B

NMFS ],'WS

FY79

NMFS FWS

FYBO

NMFS FWS

FYB1

NMFS FWS

FYB2

*FY76 data include transition quarter (July-September 1976)
25

TABLE 9

NUMBER OF PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TO MARINE M1U~

ADMINISTRATIVE AND RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN

THE NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE AND

FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, FY73- FY82*

"

National Marine

Fisheries Service

Personnel** 73 74 75 76 TQ76 77 78 79 80 81 82

Administrative 11 28 28 42 49 7 8 86.5 33.5 27.1

(Included

enforcement)

Research 23 26 33 31 29 17 20 48.9 60.7 61.2

NMFS Total 34 54 61 73 78 24 28 135.4 166.1 94.2 88.3

Fish and Wildlife

Service Personnel***

Administrative ? 12.1 14.1 15.2   16.6 17 .1 20.3 24.6 23.3 21.5

Research 2.6 6.0 11.0 11.8 ** ** 14.8 13.2 17.2 17.4 17 .8 16.5

FWS Total 2.6+ 18.1 25.1 27.0 **** 31.4 30.3 37.5 42.0 41.1 38.0

*Figures provided by the Agencies

**The National Marine Fisheries Service changed their method of reporting

at least twice--once in FY77 (to number of personnel) and again in FY79

(to permanent employee man-years).

***Reported in man-years FY73-FY81 and as full-time equivalents thereafter.

****Man-years maintained at 24% of the FY76 level.
26

III. APPENDIX A

PUBLICATIONS IDENTIFIED BY AGENCIES AS

SOURCES OR PENDING SOURCES OF

MARINE MAMMAL INFORMATION FROM FUNDED RESEARCH

Department of Commerce

--National Marine Fisheries Service

Administrative reports of the various fisheries centers

Marine Mammal Division - Annual Report on Fur Seal

Investigations

Fishery Bulletin (NMFS, NOAA, Department of Commerce)

Marine Fisheries Review (NMFS, NOAA, Department of

Commerce)

Journal of Mammalogy

International Whaling Commission Annual Reports

Journal Fisheries Research Board of Canada (Canadian

Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences)

Proceedings of the Second Conference on the

Biology of Marine Mammals

NOAA Technical Reports/NMFS Scientific Reports-Fisheries

Other journals as appropriate

--National Sea Grant College Program

Marine Mammal Information

--NOAA/OCSEAP reports (see Minerals Management Service below)

Department of Defense

--Department of the Air Force

Headquarters Space Division Technical Report

Space Shuttle Final Environmental Impact

Statement

--Department of the Navy

Naval Ocean Systems Center Technical Reports

Marine Fisheries Review

Annals of New York Academy of Science

Fishery Bulletin

Vision Research

Cetology

Deep-Sea Research

Journal Acoustical Society of America

American Journal of Veterinary Research

Science

Arctic
27

--Department of the Navy (Cont.)

Journal of wildlife Diseases

Miscrobios Letters

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural

History

Journal of Mamrnalogy

Contributions of edited books

Department of Energy

Progress reports on projects

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Ecological Monographs

Wildlife Society Bulletin

Environmental Conservation

Journal American Veterinary Medical Association

Department of the Interior

--Mineral Management Service

NOAA/OCSEAP Annual Reports

NOAA/OCSEAP Final Reports

NOAA/OCSEAP Lease Area Synthesis Reports

Other reports available through National Technical

Information Service

--Fish and Wildlife Service

North America Fauna Series

u.S. Department of the Interior,

Fish and Wildlife Service

wildlife Research Reports

U.S. Fish and wildlife Service,

National Fish and Wildlife

Laboratory Reports

--Geological Survey

Systematic Zoology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to

Paleobiology

Geological Survey Professional Papers

Publications of the Charleston Museum

--National Park Service

Project reports to National Park Service
28

Department of State

Project reports available through National

Technical Information Service

EIS: possible Regime for Conservation of Antarctic

Marine Living Resources

IWC Scientific Reports

Marine Mammal Commission

Reports available through the National

Technical Information Service

Smithsonian Institution

Fishery Bulletin

Journal of Mammalogy

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

Systematic Zoology

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Paleobiology

Florida State Museum, Plaster Jacket

Contributions to edited books

Smithsonian Institution Contributions to Marine Science

smithsonian Institution Contributions to Zoology
29

IV. APPENDIX B

LISTING OF MARINE ~1AL RESEARCH PROJECTS,

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS, AND FUNDING LEVEL

FOR FY80 - FY82*

COMPILED FROM INFORMATION PROVIDED

THE MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION

BY EACH AGENCY

AND SUPPLEMENTED

WITH INFORMATION FROM THE

SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE (SSIE)

*For a listing of projects for the period FY70-FY79,

see Waring, G.H., 1981, Survey of federally-funded marine

mammal research and studies, FY70-FY79, U.S. Dept. Commerce,

National Technical Information Service PB81-174336. 235p.
30

Department of Agriculture

FY80

Gelberg, H. (Plum Island Animal Disease Center)

Comparative Swine and Pinniped

Pathology of Swine Vesicular Exanthema

and San Miguel Sea Lion Viruses $ ?

FY81

Forrester, D.J. (U. Florida)

Epizootiology of Parasites of wildlife

in Florida--Pilot Whale (FL-VY-01851)

Jenness, R. ·(U. Minnesota)

Comparative Biochemistry of Milks of

Various Mammals (incl. sea otter)

Kim, K.C. (Pennsylvania State U.)

Biology and Ecology of Mammaiian

Ectoparasites (Steller sea lion,

northern fur seal, sea otter, rats)

Schmidly, D.J. (Texas A & M U.)

A Resource Analysis of Non-game Mammals

in Texas with Emphasis on Fur-bearing

Species (incl. whale aerial survey)

FY82

(No projects reported)

Department of Commerce

1. National Marine Fisheries Service

A. Alaska Regional Office

FY81

$ 10 K

$ 22.2K

$ 17.9K

$ 34.6K

Hall, J.D. (Solace Enterprises)

Population Studies of Humpback

Whales and Monitoring of Vessel

Traffic in Southwestern Prince

William Sound, Alaska (81-ABC-00265) $ 14.4K
31

FY82

Calkins, D. (Alaska Department

of Fish and Game)

Study of Pinnipeds in

Southern Alaska (81-ABC-00280)

B. Northeast Fisheries Center

FY80

$ 69.7K

Austin, H.M (Virginia Institute of

Marine Sci.)

Distribution and Abundance of

Bottlenose Dolphins in the Nearshore

Waters of Virginia (NA80FA-D8) $ 9.9K

Gilbert, J.R. (U. Maine)

Impact of Harbor Seal Populations

on New England Fisheries

(NA80FA-C29)

Katona, S.K. (College of the

Atlantic)

Creating and Maintaining a Catalog

of Individually Identified Humpback

Whales (NA80FA-D6)

$ 36.7K

$ 23.4K

Mayo, C.A. III (Provincetown Center

of Coastal Studies)

Summary of Recent Observations from

Whale-Watching Boats off Provincetown,

Massachusetts (NA80FA-D3) $ 4.9K

Powers, K.D. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Development and Supervision of an

Oceanic Marine l~al Observer

Training Program (NA80FA-D4)

Powers, K.D. (Manomet Bird Observatory)

Habitat Usage by Harbor Seals at

Winter Haul-Out Site in Cape Cod

Bay (NA80FA-DS)

$ 24.7K

$ 9.4K

Prescott, J.H. (New England Aquarium)

Characterization of Habitat and

Distribution; an Estimate of Population

Size; and an Assessment of the Impact

of Human Activities on the Harbor

Porpoise (NA80FA-D9) $ 45 K
32

Prescott, J.H. (New England Aquarium)

An Assessment of the Distribution

and Relative Abundance of Large Cetaceans

in the Western Approaches to the Bay

of Fundy (NASOFA-C4S) $ 20.7K

Prescott, J.H. (New England Aquarium)

Organize and Convene a Workshop on

Humpback Whales of the Western

North Atlantic in Fall 19S0

(NASOFA-C55) $ l5.7K

Prescott, J.H. (New England Aquarium)

Investigation of Harbor Seal Mortality

and Determination of the Infectious

Agent in the New England Region

(NASOFA-H9) $ 30 K

Schurman, V.R. (Cape Cod Museum of

Natural History)

A Report on the Grey Seal

Population at Nantucket, Massachusetts

(NASOFA-A229) $ 2.3K

Sears, R. (Mingan Island Cetacean

Study, Falmouth)

Behavioral and Distribution of

Cetaceans on the North Shore of the

Gulf of St. Lawrence (NASOFB-A24l) $ 2.5K

Stangroom, R. (Kendall Whaling Museum,

Sharon)

Compilation of Biological Data from

19th Century Whaling Logbooks and

Journals (NASOFA-D2) $ 5 K

FYSI

Conlogue, G. and J. Ogden (Yale U.)

Radiographing Harbor Seal Flippers

as a Method of Determining Age

(NA-Sl-FB-A-00230)

Gilbert, J. (U. Maine)

Harbor Seal Population Estimation

and Marine Mammal/Fisheries

Interactions (NA-SO-FA-C-00029)

Coordinate Winter Census of Harbor

Seals, Block Is. to Eastport, ME

(ammendment to above)

$ 1. 5K

$ 45.9K

$ 3.5K
33

Katona, S. (College of the Atlantic)

Maintaining and Improving

the Humpback Whale Fluke Catalog

(NA-8l-FA-C-00027)

Mattila, D.

Humpback Whale Fluke Identification

Off the NW Coast of Puerto Rico

(NA-8l-FA-D-00003)

$ 47.1K

$ 9.2K

Nichols, G., H. Winn and J. Lien

(Ocean Research and Education

Society, Boston)

Support of Steering Committee

to Establish International Consortium

for Humpback Whale Research

(NA-8l-FB-A-0022l) $ 2 K

Powers, K. (Manomet Bird

Observatory)

Implementation of Marine

Observer Program Aboard NMFS

Ships (NA-8l-FA-C-00023)

Prescott, J. (New England

Aquarium)

The North Atlantic Right ~lliale

in the Lower Bay of Fundy

(NA-8l-FA-C-00030)

Winter Aerial Survey of the Bay of

Fundy (amendment of above)

Schruman, V. (Cape Cod Museum

of Natural History)

Population Survey of Grey Seals

at Nantucket Island, MA

(NA-8l-FB-A-00282)

Weinrich, M. (Gloucester

Fishermen's Museum)

Behavior and Ecology of Humpback

Whales Off Gloucester, MA

(NA-8l-A-0023l)

FY82

Gilbert, J. (D. Maine)

Harbor Seal Population Estimation

and Marine Mammal-Fisheries

Interactions (NA-80-FA-C-00029)

$ 41. 2K

$ 25.3K

$ 2.5K

$ 1.3K

$ 2.1K

$ 40 K
34

Katona, S. (College of the Atlantic)

Maintaining and Improving the

Humpback Whale Catalog

(NA-SI-FA-C-00027)

Mattila, D. (Provincetown

Center for Coastal Studies)

Humpback Whale Fluke Identification

Off the NW Coast of Puerto Rico

(NA-SI-FA-D-00003)

Payne, P.M. and C.C. Rimmer

(Manomet Bird Observatory)

Radio-tracking of the Harbor

Seal in Massachusetts

(NA-S2-FA-C-00007)

Powers, K. and P.M. Payne

(Manomet Bird Observatory)

Implementation of Marine

Observer Program Aboard NMFS

Ships (NA-SI-FA-C-00023)

Prescott, J. and S. Kraus (New

England Aquarium)

The North Atlantic Right Whale

in the Lower Bay of Fundy

(NA-SI-FA-C-00030)

Prescott, J. and S. Kraus

(New England Aquarium)

A Characterization of Habitat

and Distribution; an Estimation

of Population Size and an

Assessment of the Impact of

Human Activities on the Harbor

Porpoise (NA-S2-FA-C-00027)

C. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center,

National Marine Mammal Laboratory

FYSO

Braham, H. (NMML)

Arctic Whales--Bowhead (NWC-59)

DeLong, R. and R. Everitt (NMML

& Wash. Dept. of Game)

Washington-Oregon Marine Mammal!

Fisheries Interactions (NWC-53)

Fiscus, C. and R. DeLong (NMML)

Pinnipeds (NWC-53)

$ 25 K

$ 14 K

$ 20 K

$ 30 K

$ 25 K

$ 30 K

$737.2K

$176.2K

$ 9S.5K
35

Fowler, C.W. and A. Roppel

(NMML)

Northern Fur Seal Population

(NWC- 3)

Gentry, R. (NMML)

Fur Seal Studies--St. George

(NWC-51)

Jones, L. (NMML)

Dall's Porpoise Investigations

(NWC-4)

Kajimura, H. (NMML)

Marine Mammal Ecosystem

--Pelagic (NWC-57)

Keyes, M.C. (NMML)

Veterinary Medical Services

(NWC-56 )

McAlister, W.B. (NMML)

Marine Mammal-Fishery Interactions--Bering Sea (NWC-8)

Rice, D. et al. (NMML)

Endangered Cetaceans (NWC-58)

FY81

Braham, H. and B. Krogman (NMML)

Arctic Whales-Bowhead

(NWC-059)

DeLong, R. (NMML)

Pinnipeds (including Columbia

River Marine Mammal/Fishery

Interaction Study (NWC-053)

Fowler, C.W. and A. Roppel (NMML)

Northern Fur Seal Population

(NWC-003)

Gentry, R. (NMML)

Fur Seal Studies--St. George

(NWC-051)

Jones, L. and D. Rice (NMML)

Endangered and Small Cetaceans

(including Dall's Porpoise)

(NWC-058)

$246 K

$278.4K

$264 K

$132.5K .

$ 61. 8K

$155.5K

$340.5K

$765.IK

$148.5K

$152.6K

$287.7K

$433.0K
36

Kajimura, H. (NMML)

Marine Mammal Ecosystem--

Pelagic (NWC-057)

Keyes, M.C. (NMML)

Veterinary Medical Services

(NWC-056)

McAlister, W.B. and R. DeLong

(NM1'1.L)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interactions

--Bering Sea (NWC-008)

FY82

Braham, H.W. (NMML)

Arctic Whales--Bowhead

(NWC-059)

DeLong, R.L. (NMML)

Pinnipeds (NWC-053)

Fowler, C.W. (NMML)

Northern Fur Seal Populations

and Monitoring (NWC-003)

Gentry, R.L. (NMML)

Fur Seal Studies--St. George

Island (NWC-051)

Jones, L.L. (Nl~)

Endangered and Small Cetaceans

(NWC-058)

(plus additional $228K from

Japan for Dall porpoise research)

Keyes, M.C. (NMML)

Veterinary Medical Services

and Research (NWC-056)

Loughlin, T.R. (NMML)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interactions--Bering Sea Ecosystem

(NWC-Q08)

D. Southeast Fisheries Center

FY80

Benigno, J. (SEFC)

Marine Mammals Project

Management (88C4LIKB)

$132.5K

$ 61. 8K

$155.5K

$456.9K

$199.4K

$263.3K

$285.4K

$374 K

$ 57.3K

$159.3K

$ 51. 8K
37

Benigno, J. and R. Ford (SEFC)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics

(88C4L1KC)

Benigno, J. and R. Ford (SEFC)

Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle

Stranding and Salvage Network

(88C4L1KG)

Benigno, J. and R. Gracy (SEFC)

Tursiops Population Analysis

FY8l

Benigno, J. (SEFC)

Marine Mammal Project Management

--Tursiops (88C4L1KB)

Ford, R. Jr. (SEFC)

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics

(88C4L1KC)

Marine Mammal Stranding/

Salvage Network

(88C4L1KN)

Gracy, R. and J. Powers (SEFC)

Tursiops Population Survey and

Analysis (88C4L1KD)

FY82

Ford, R. Jr. (SEFC--Mississippi

Lab. )

Tursiops Local Herd Biodynamics

(FSN230-8LlACMJC)

Gracy, R. (SEFC--Mississippi

Lab. )

Local Tursiops Population

Surveys (FSN230-8LlACMJD)

Powers, J. (SEFC--Miami Lab.)

Local Tursiops Population

Analysis (88C4L1KA)

Scott, G. (SEFC)

Southeast u.S. Marine Mammal

Stranding and Salvage Network

(FSNOOO-8LlCCOJL)

$105 K

$ 20 K

$105 K

$ 56.8K

$118 K

$ 30 K

$ 47 K

$ 43.5K

$132 K

$ 72. 8K

$ 31. 5K
38

E. Southwest Fisheries Center

FY80

Gilmartin, W. (SWFC)

Hawaiian Monk Seal

Perrin, W., D. AU, and J. Henderson

(SWFC)

Assessment of Coastal Marine

Mammals for Management

Perrin, W., J. Coe, and W. Stunz

(SWFC)

Marine Mammal Technology,

Behavior and Physiology

Perrin, W., A. Myrick and J.

Jennings (SWFC)

Marine Mammal Biological Studies

Smith, T., R. Holt and D. Au

(SWFC)

Porpoise Stock Assessment

Smith, T., C. Oliver and N. Lo

(SWFC)

Quantitative Analysis and Data

Management

FY81

DeMaster, D.P. (SWFC)

Assessment of Coastal Marine

Mammals for Management (096)

Perrin, W.F. (SWFC)

Marine Mammal Technology,

Behavior and Physiology (010)

Research on the Biology of

Dolphins for Stock Assessment

(011)

Smith, T.D. (SWFC)

Assessment of Dolphin

Populations for Management

(008)

Marine Mammal Mortality

Monitoring and Data Management

(057)

$138.3K

$1l1.5K

$433.1K

$382.4K

$676.9K

$346.9K

$176.1K

$303.6K

$430.2K

$615 K

$246.7K
39

FY82

DeMaster, D.P. (SWFC)

Assessment of Coastal Marine

Mammals (096)

Gilmartin, W.G. (SWFC)

Marine Mammal and Endangered

Species Identification (119)

Perrin, W.F. (SWFC)

Research on the Biology

of Dolphins for Stock

Assessment (011)

Ralston, F. (SWFC)

Marine Mammal Monitoring

and Data Management

(057)

$254.3K

$102 K

$318.3K

$320.7K

Sakagawa, G.

Assessment

Population

(008 )

(SWFC)

of Dolphin

for Management

$462 K

F. Southwest Regional Office

FY80

Miller, D. (California Department

of Fish and Game)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interaction Study (80-JG-054)

(Additional funding of $77.4K

from SWFC project on Assessment

of Coastal Marine Mammals for

Management)

FY81

Miller, D. (California Department

of Fish and Game)

Marine Mammal/Fishery Interaction Study (81-JG-078)

(Additional funding of $76.5K

from SWFC-096)

$ 65 K

$ 65 K
40

FY82

Miller, D. (California Department

of Fish and Game)

Harbor Seal Population

Assessment/Marine Mammal Mortality

in California Gill Net Fisheries

(82-ABH-89)

(Additional funding of $28.8K

from SWFC-096)

2. NOAA/OCSEAP (See Department of Interior--

MMS)

3. National Sea Grant College Program

FY80

Cicin-Sain, B. (U. California,

San Diego)

Marine Mammals/Fisheries

Conflicts: Emphasis on Sea

Otter/Shellfish Conflicts

in California

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Population Growth and Feeding

Habits of Harbor Seals in an

Aquacultural-Enhanced

Environment

FY81

Cicin-Sain, B. (U. California,

Santa Barbara)

Marine Mammal/Fisheries

Conflicts: Emphasis on Sea

Otter/Shellfish Fishery Conflicts (NA80AA-D-00120A)

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Seal Exclusion System

(NA81AA-D-00086)

FY82

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Seal Exclusion System

(R/CP-19 )

$110 K

$ 6 K

$ 53.7K

$ 5.1K

$ 30 K

$ 30 K
41

4. North Pacific Fishery Management Council

FY80

Fay, F.H. and L.F. Lowry (U.

Alaska and Alaska Department

of Fish and Game)

Seasonal Use and Feeding

Habits of Walruses in the

Proposed Bristol Bay Clam

Fishery Area

FY8l

Calkins, D., L. Lowry and K. Frost

(Alaska Department of Fish

and Game)

Compilation and Evaluation of

Data on Feeding Habits and Food

Requirements of Marine Mammals

in the Bering Sea (81-4)

FY82

Melteff, B. (U. Alaska)

Workshop on Biological Interactions Among Marine Mammals

and Commercial Fisheries in the

Southeastern Bering Sea

5. Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource

Management

FY8l

Allen, S., and H. Huber (Point

Reyes Bird Observatory)

Pinnipeds Along the Point

Reyes Coastline

DeMaster, D. (NMFS!SWFC)

Pinniped Population Dynamics

Monitoring

FY82

Allen, S. and H. Huber (Point

Reyes Bird Observatory)

Pinnipeds Along the Pt. Reyes

Coastline

Assessment of Pinniped!Human

Interaction

$ 97.2K

$ 28.9K

$ 10 K

$ 17 K

$ 50 K

$ 19 K

$ 7.8K
42

DeMaster, D. (NMFS/SWFC)

Food Hablts of Pinnipeds

Within Channel Islands National

Marine Sanctuary

DeMaster, D. and R. DeLong (NMFS/SWFC)

Movement Patterns and Hauling-out

Behavior of Harbor Seals in Channel

Islands National Marine Sanctuary

(funded under project above)

Department of Defense

1. Air Force (Headquarters Space Division)

FY80

Jehl, J.R. and R. Schreiber

(Hubbs-Sea World Research

Institute)

Effects of Loud Impulse Noises

in Causing Startle Behavior and/or

Panic Responses in Pinnipeds

FY8l

Jehl, J., C. Cooper and B. Stewart

(San Diego State U. and Hubbs-Sea

World Research Institute)

Field Studies of Pinniped

Populations Likely to be Affected

. by Sonic Boom from the Space

Shuttle

FY82

(No projects)

2. Army (Corps of Engineers)

FY80

Bengston, J. (U. Minnesota)

St. John's River Manatee Project

Study

Haller, W.T. (U. Florida)

Herbicide Residues in Crystal

River

FY8l - FY82

(No proj ects)

$ 29.8K

$ 15 K

$ 79.2K

$ 44 K

$ 78 K
43

3. Navy

A. Naval Ocean Systems Center

FY80

Bowers, C.A. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Capabilities

(Delphinapterus) (MM015l0C)

Gilmartin, W.G. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding

(Tursiops) (MM025l0B)

Gilmartin, W.G. and S.H. Ridgway

(NOSC)

Marine Mammal Medical Research and

Animal Health (~4M01510N)

Hui, C.A. (NOSC)

Dolphin Bioenergetics

(Delphinus) (MMO 2510H)

Nachtigall, P.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Behavioral and

Biosonar Research (Tursiops)

(MM01510K)

Nachtigall, P.E. (NOSC)

Tursiops Directional Hearing

(MM02510D)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Neurophysiological Research

(Tursiops) (ZS39510A)

Schusterman, R.V. (California

State U., Hayward)

Pinniped Behavioral Evaluation

(Zalophus) (MM02510E)

Scronce, B. (NOSC)

Sea Lion Training Evaluation:

wild Caught vs. Captive Born

(Zalophus) (MM01510T)

FY81

Bowers, C.A. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Capabilities

(Delphinapterus) (MM01511C)

$350 K

$ 95 K

$405 K

$ 79 K

$600 K

$ 60 K

$143 K

$ 27 K

$220 K

$525 K
44

Hughes, T.W. (NOSC)

Dolphin Hydrodynamics

(MM02511T)

Johnson, W. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding.

(MM02511B)

Nachtigall, P.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Behavioral Research

U-1M01511K)

Ridgway, S. H. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Medical

Research & Animal Health.

(MM01511N)

Neurophysiological Research

(ZS39511A)

FY82

AU, W. IV. (NOSC)

Dolphin Critical Bandwidth/

Critical Ratio (MM025l2D)

Haun, J.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Hydrodynamics

(MM025l2l; ZS8l512A; ~129512A)

Risso's Dolphin Echolocation

(MM02Sl2X)

Nachtigall, P.E. (NOSC)

Dolphin Behavioral and

Biosonar Research

(MM01S12K; MMOlSl2D; MM01S12Z)

Penner, R.H. (NOSC)

Beluga Echolocation

(MM02Sl2K)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Signal Processing by Dolphins:

Communication and Cognition

(ZS395l2A)

Marine Mammal Medical Research

and Animal Health (MM01S12N)

Schroeder, J.P. (NOSC)

Captive Dolphin Breeding

(MMQ2Sl2B)

$150 K

$100 K

$600 K

$211 K

$143 K

$129 K

$345 K

$ 50 K

$331 K

$102 K

$ 75 K

$298 K

$194 K
45

B. Office of Naval Research

FY80

Altes, R. (Oricon Corp.)

Computer and Mathematical

Analysis of Dolphin Whistles SSIE $ 5.9K

Cummings, W.D. (D.

San Diego)

Distribution and

of Low Frequency

in the Ocean

California,

Indentification

Biological Noises

SSIE $ 35 K

Evans, W.E. (Hubbs Sea World

Research Inst.)

Research on Small Pacific

Ocean Cetaceans (NR083~102-31) $ 10 K

Gilmartin, W.G.

Marine Mammal

(NR-204-008)

(NOSC)

Bionosis

$ 30 K

Malins, D.C. and D. Varanasi

(Seattle D.)

The Biochemistry of Lipids

Peculiar to Organs and

Tissue of Cetaceans and Involved

in Sound Transmission SSIE

Mate, B. (Oregon State D.)

The Distribution of Cetaceans

(Gray Whale) (NR-083-102-31)

Schusterman, R. (California State

D., Hayward)

Marine Mammal Acoustics

(California sea lion and northern

fur seal) (NR-I04-131)

Vedros, N.A. (Naval Biosciences

Lab. )

Marine Mammal Diseases and

Immunity (NR-204-001)

Wartzok, D. and G.C. Ray

(Johns Hopkins D.)

Marine Mammal Behavior,

Acoustics and Ecology (spotted

seal and harbor seal)

(NR-I04-676)

$ 18.9K

$ 37 K

$ 66 K

$ 85 K

$ 25 K
46

Watkins, W.A. and W.E. Schevill

(Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst.)

Marine Biological Sounds

(NR083-004-39)

Winn, H.E. (U. Rhode Island)

Bioacoustics and Behavior

of Marine Mammals (Humpback Whale)

(NR-O 83-16 5-4)

FY8l

Evans, W.E. (Hubbs-Sea World

Research Institute)

Research on Small Pacific

Ocean Cetaceans (NR-104-l57)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U:)

The Distribution of Cetaceans

(NR083-l02-3l)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Bionosis

(NR204-008)

Schusterman, R. J. (California

State U., Hayward)

Marine Mammal Visual and

Acoustical Capabilities

(NR104-13l)

Vedros, N.A. (Naval Biosciences Lab.)

Marine Mammal Diseases and

Immunity (NR204-00l)

Watkins, W.A. & W.E. Schevill

(Woods Hole Oceanographic

Instituti<;m)

Marine Biological Sounds

(NR083-004-39 )

Winn, H.E. (U. Rhode Island)

Bioacoustics and Behavior

of Marine Mammals (Humpback

Whales (NR083-l65-4)

$126 K

$ 24 K

(no funds

extention)

$ 9 K

$ 25 K

$ 70 K

$ 97 K

$101.6K

(no funds

extention) c
47

FY82

Evans, W.E. (Hubbs Sea World

Research Institute)

Research on Small Pacific

Ocean Cetaceans (NR 104-157)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

The Distribution of Cetaceans

(NR 083-102-31)

Ridgway, S.H. (NOSC)

Marine Mammal Bionosis

(NR 204-008)

Schusterman, R.J. (California

State U., Hayward)

Marine Mammal Visual and

Acoustical Behavioral

Capabilities (NR 104-131)

Watkins, W.A. and W.E. Schevill

(Woods Hole Oceanographic

Inst. )

Marine Biological Sounds

(NR 083-004-39)

$ 10 K

No funds

Extention

$ 25 K

$ 50 K

$1l0 K

Spero, D.R. (West Quoddy Marine

Research Station)

Whale Acoustic Behavior

(right whale)

(NR 104-178)

Department of Energy

FY80

$ 9 K

Tester, J.R. and D.B. Siniff

(U. Minnesota)

Vertebrate Behavior and

Ecology (sea otter)

(DE-ACOZ-76EV01332)

FY81

Tester, J.R. and D.B. Siniff

(U. Minnesota)

Vertebrate Behavior and

Ecology (sea otter)

(DE-ACOZ-76EV01332)

$ 30 K

$ 20 K
48

FY82

Tester, J.R. and D.B. Siniff

(U. ~linnesota)

Vertebrate Behavior and

Ecology (sea otter)

(DE-ACOZ-76EV01332)

Department of Health and Human Services

National Institutes of Health

FY80

Atassi, M.Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Immunochemical Studies on

Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

(whales)

Bryan, W.P. (Indiana U. School

of Medicine)

The Role of Water in Protein

Structure and Function

(whales, human)

Elsner, R.W. (U. Alaska)

Comparative Pathophysiology

of Myocardial Ischemia (dog,

seals)

Gurd, F.R. (Indiana U.)

Structure and Reactivity

of Proteins and Lipoproteins

(human, cetaceans, etc.)

Gurd, F.R. (Indiana U.)

Specific Enrichment of

Myoglobins for Carbon 13 NMR

(cetaceans)

Hawkridge, F.M. (Virginia

Commonwealth U.)

Electron Transfer at Surface

Electrodes (horse, whales)

Howard, E.E. (U. Southern

California)

Toxicologic, Immunologic

Effect of Environmental

Contamination (marine

mammals)

$ 25 K

$ 89.1K

$ 47.4K

$ 85.2K

$147.3K

$ 78 K

$ 38.3K

$ l7.1K
49

Kooyman, G.L. (U. California,

San Diego)

Physiological Basis of

Pulmonary Disease: Comparative

Physiology (vertebrates)

Ortiz, C.L. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

Northern Elephant Seal in

its Natural Habitat

FY81

Atassi, M.Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Immunochemical Studies on

Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

(whales) (SROlAM18920-06)

Bryan, W.P. (Indiana U. School

of Medicine)

The Role of Water in Protein

Structure and Function (whales,

human) (SR01GM27036-02)

Elsner, R.W. (U.Alaska)

Comparative Pathophysiology of

Myocardial Ischemia (dog, seal)

(SR01HL239S0-03)

Fathman, C.G. (Stanford U.)

Antigen Reactive T Cell Clones:

Isolation and Characterization

(whales) (IROlAI1870S-01)

Gurd, F. R. (Indiana U.)

Structure and Reactivity of

Proteins and Lipoproteins

(cetacea) (SR01HLOSSS6-22)

Specific Enrichment of Myoglobins

for Carbon 13 NMR (cetacea)

(SR01HL14680-l0)

Hawkridge, F.M. (Virginia

Commonwealth U.)

Electron Transfer at Surface

Electrodes (horse, whales)

(SR01GM27208-02)

$ S6.6K

$ 43.SK

$ 93.3K

$ 44.1K

$ 91. 2K

$101.4K

$lS1.6K

$ 84.1K

$ 36.9K
50

Howard, E.B. (U. Southern

California)

Toxicologic, Immunologic

Effects of Environmental

Contamination (cetacea)

(5P30ES01965-04)

Kooyman, G.L. (U. California,

San Diego)

Physiological Basis of

Pulmonary Disease (seals, sea

lions, porpoises)

(5POlHL1773l-07)

Ogden, J .A. (Yale U.)

Normal and Abnormal Postnatal

Skeletal Development (whales)

(5ROlHDl0854-05)

Ortiz, C.L. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

The Physiology of Fasting

in Young Northern Elephant

Seals (2S06RR08l32-07)

FY82

Atassi, M.Z. (Mayo Foundation)

Dissection of Antigen

Recognition in the Clonal

Level (mice, whales)

(lROlAI-18657-0l)

Immunochemical Studies on

Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

(whales) (5ROlAM-18920-07)

Berzofsky, J.A. (Natl. Cancer

Inst. )

Genetic Control of the

Immune Response to Natural

Antigens (whales)

(lZOlCB-04020-06)

Bryan, W.P. (Indiana U. School

of Medicine)

The Role of Water in Protein

Structure and Function (whale,

human) (5ROlGM-27036-03)

$ l3.3K

$ 68.8K

$ 19,7K

$ 51.4K

$1l6.9K

$127.2K

$ 0

$ 48.4K
51

Buchwald, J.S. (U. California,

Los Angeles)

Auditory Information Processing

(human, cat, elephant seal)

(5POIHD-0595S-12)

Fathman, C.G. (Stanf0rd U.

Medical School)

Antigen Reactive T-Cell Clones:

Isolation and Characterization

(whales) (5ROIAI-1S705-02)

Gurd, F. R. (Indiana U.)

Structure and Reactivity of

Proteins and Lipoproteins (human,

cetacea, etc.)

(5ROIHL-05556-23)

Specific Enrichment of

Myoglobins for Carbon 13 NMR

(cetacea, human, cattle)

(2ROIHL-146S0-11)

Hawkridge, F.M. (Virginia

Commonwealth U.)

Electron Transfer at Surface

Electrodes (horses, whales)

(5ROIGM-2720S-02)

Howard, E.B. (U. Southern

California)

Toxicologic, Immunologic

Effects of Environmental

Contamination (marine

mammals) (5P30ES-01965-04)

Kooyman, G.L. (U. California,

San Diego)

Comparative Respiratory and

Exercise Physiology (seals,

sea lions, porpoises)

(5POIHL-17731-0S)

Ortiz, C.L. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

The Physiology of Fasting in

Young Northern Elephant Seals

(5S06RR-OS132-0S)

$ 77. 7K

$102.7K

$ 154.7K

$135.2K

$ 36.9K

$ 4.3K

$ 56.8K

$ 38.4K
52

Department of the Interior

1. Fish and wildlife Service

--Alaska Marine Mammals

FY80

DeMaster, D. (National Fish and

Wildlife Lab.)

Satellite Tracking of Bears

(904.02.01)

Biological Parameters of Bears

of Western Beaufort Sea

(904.02.02)

Feasibility of EcosystemOriented Studies of Bears

in Beaufort Sea

(904.02.03)

Biology and Ecology of Bears

of Arctic Ocean

(904.02.04)

Summer Distribution and Ecology

of Bears (904.02.05)

DeMaster, D. (NFWL) and D. Siniff

(U. Minnesota)

Produce Model to Simulate

Population Dynamics of the

Northern Alaska Polar

Bear Population (904.02.06)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Report

(904.02.07)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Development and Field and

Lab Testing of Radio Telemetry

Packages and Systems for Polar

Bears (as well as Sea Otters,

Walruses, and Manatees)

($67K)

DeMaster, D. (NFWL)

Biological Activity of

Pacific and Atlantic Walruses

(904.03.06)

$190.8K

(Polar

Bears)

$231. 8K

(Walruses)
,

53

Brownell, R. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental

Contaminants in Walruses

(904.03.07)

Staff (NFWL)

fu.nual Status Reports on

Pacific and Atlantic Walruses

(904.03.08)

Doyle, W. (U. California, Santa

Cruz)

Round Island Walrus Survey

($17.7K)

Alaska Regional Office, FWS

Aerial Walrus Survey

FY81

Amstrup, S. (FWS/DWRC)

Identify Areas Critical

for High Denning Success and

General Movement Patterns of

Adult Females (904.21)

Develop Alternative Techniques

to Capture Free-Ranging Polar

Bears (904.22)

Produce Model that Will

Simulate Population Dynamics

of the Northern Alaska Polar Bear

Population (904.23)

Determine Biological Parameters

of Polar Bears of the Western

and Northern Populations

(904.24)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Monitoring Polar Bear

Movements ($13K)

Doyle, W. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

Round Island Walrus Survey

($14.7K)

$254 K

(Polar

Bears)

$ 99 K

(Walruses)
54

Johnson, A. (FWS/DWRC)

Evaluate Selected Areas for

Potential Use for Population

Assessment, Assess the Size of

Populations and Investigate

Hauling Out Patterns (904.25)

FY82

Johnson, A. (FWS/DWRC)

Areas Crucial for High

Denning Success by Polar

Bears and General Movement

Patterns of Adult Females

(904.21)

Model Simulating Population

Dynamics of Northern Alaska .

Polar Bear Population

(904.23)

Biological Parameters of Polar

Bears of Western and Northern

Populations (904.24)

Evaluation of Selected Areas

for Potential Use for Population

Assessment of Walruses, Assessment

of Size of Populations, Investigation

of Hauling Out Patterns, and

Population Model Refinement

(904.25)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution,

Abundance, and Composition of

~opulations of Sea Otters and

Other Marine Mammals at Prince

William Sound, Alaska (904.26)

Status of Hawaiian Monk

Seal (904.27)

Annual Status Report on

Polar Bear, Pacific Walrus,

and Atlantic Walrus (904.28).

--Hawaiian Monk Seal

FY80

Johnson, A.M. (NFWL)

Biological Studies to Determine

Status ?f Population (904.03.05)

$328 K

$ 50.9K
55

FYBI

Johnson, A. (FWS/DWRC)

Biological Studies to

Determine Status of Hawaiian

Monk Seal (904.27)

FYB2

(see 904.27 under Alaska Marine Mammals)

--Marine Mammal Tagging

FYBO

Hobbs, L. (NFWL)

Serve as Clearinghouse and

Information Center for"Marine

Mammal Tagging Operations

(904.04.01)

Stimulate Research and

Development of Marine Mammal

Tags and Techniques (904.04.02) ,

Archive Data from Tagging/

Marking Studies

(904.04.03)

--Sea Otters and Marine Otter

FYBO

Jameson, R.J. (NFWL)

Biology and Management Needs

for Sea Otters in California

(904.03.01)

Estes, J.A. and G.R. Van Blaricom

(NFWL)

Interaction Between Sea Otters

and the Nearshore Community

(904.03.02)

Johnson, A.M. (NFWL)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution,

Abundance and Composition of

Populations of Sea Otters and

Other Marine Mammals in Prince

William Sound, Alaska

(904.03.04)

$ 31 K

$ 25.5K

$594.2K
56

Brownell, R.L. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental

Contaminants in Sea Otters

(904.03.07)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Report

(904.02.08)

Doyle,· W. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

Kelp Canopy Interactions in

Monterey Bay ($3lK)

Economics of Pismo Clam Fishery

($4.5K)

San Nicolas Island (California)

Survey for Baseline Data and

As Potential Sea Otter

Translocation Site

($133.2K)

Hardy, R.A. (California Dept.

Fish & Game)

Sea Otter Mortality Rates

and Causes (E-M-2)

Interrelationship Between Sea

Otters and Their Habitat

(E-M-2)

Size, Distribution and

Movements of California's

Sea Otter Population

Feasibility of Translocating

Sea Otters

FY8l

Brownell, R. (FWS/DWRC)

Status of Marine Otter

(904.33)

Parasites and Environmental

Contaminants in Marine Mammals

(904.34)

$385.2K
57

Dobbin, J.L. (Dobbin Associates,

Toronto)

Compilation and Mapping of

Available Biological, Ecological

and Socioeconomic Information

Relative to the Protection,

Management and Restoration of

the Southern Sea Otter

($80K, ESA; $lOK, MMC)

Doyle, W. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

Kelp-Canopy Interactions in

Monterey Bay ($32K)

San Nicolas Island Survey

For Baseline Data ($121.2K)

Estes, J. (FWS/DWRC)

Occurrence and Habitat Survey

of Sea Otters in Baja California

(904.35)

Estes, J. and G. Van Blaricom

(FWS/DWRC) ,

Interactions Between Sea Otters

and the Nearshore Community

(904.32)

Jameson, R. (FWS/DWRC)

Biology and Management Needs

for California Sea Otter

(904.31)

Johnson, A. (FWS/DWRC)

Annual and Seasonal Distribution,

Abundance and Composition of

Populations of Sea Otters and

Other Marine Mammals at Prince

William Sound, Alaska

(904.26) ($49K)

Staff (FWS/DWRC)

Annual Status Reports

(904.36)

FY82

Estes, J. and R. Jameson

(FWS/DWRC)

Biology and Management Needs

for the California Sea Otter

(904.31)

$275 K
58

Interactions Between Sea

Otters and the Nearshore

Community (904.32)

Status of the Marine Otter

(904.33)

Occurrence of Sea Otters and

the Nature of Sea Otter

Habitat in Baja California

(904.35)

Annual Status Report on the

Sea Otter and Marine Otter

(904.36)

Baseline Data for the San

Nicolas Island Ecosystem

(904.37)

Support Services

(904.4)

Doyle, W. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

San Nicholas Island Survey

for Baseline Data and as a

Potential Sea Otter Translocation

Site (14-16-009-78-937)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Experimental Radiotransmitter

Implant Studies on the

Sea Otter (14-16-0008-1217)

Dobbin, J.L. (Dobbin Associates,

Toronto)

Compilation and Mapping of

Available Biological, Ecological

and Socioeconomic Information

Relative to the Protection,

Management and Restoration of

the Southern Sea Otter

(14-16-0009-81-050)

--Sirenia

FY80

Rathbun, G.B. (NFWL)

Distribution and Status of All

Manatee Taxa and Populations

(904.01. 01)

$ 70 K

$160 K

$ 20 K

$ 15 K

$319.3K

(Manatees)
59

Basic Reproductive and

Behavioral Characteristics

of West Indian Manatees

(904.01.02)

Define Ecosystem Relationships

of the Manatee, and Assess

Effects of Habitat Alterations

(904.01.03)

Determine Causes of Manatee

Mortality, and Study and

Salvage Stranded Manatees

and Other Marine Mammals

(904.01. 04)

Influence of Warm Water

Effluents on Manatee

Distribution and Movements

Around Selected Powerplants

(904.01. 05)

Basic Sensory and Physiological

Parameters of West Indian

Manatees as Related to

Technical Needs

(904.01.06)

Develop Manatee Tagging and

Tracking Technology

(904.01. 07)

Brownell, R. L. (NFWL)

Parasites and Environmental

Contaminants in Manatees

(904.01.08)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Reports

(904.01.09)

Forrester, D. (U. Florida)

Study of Parasites and Diseases

of the West Indian Manatee

($5K)

Doyle, W. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

Evaluation of Existing ManateePropeller Guard Technology

($1.8K)
60

Siniff, D.B. (D. Minnesota)

Ecology and Behavior of

the West Indian Manatee in

St. Johns River, Florida

($40K)

Brownell, R.L. (NFWL)

Distribution and Status

of All Dugong Populations

(904.01. 01)

the

$ 6.4K

(Dugong)

Parasites and Environmental

Contaminants in Dugongs

(904.01.08)

Staff (NFWL)

Annual Status Report

(904.01.09)

. FY81

Florida Marine Patrol

(Florida Department of

Natural Resources)

Aerial Survey Investigations

($8K)

Forrester, D. (D. Florida)

Study of Parasites and

Diseases of the West

Indian Manatee ($5K)

Odell, D.K. (D. Miami)

Study of Marine Ecosystems

and Habitats, with Special

Reference to Manatees

($22K)

Packard, J.M. (D. Minnesota)

Abundance, Distribution and

Feeding Areas of Manatees in the

Riviera Beach/Hobe Sound Area

of Florida ($18K, MMC)

Rathbun, G.B. (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution and Status of

All Taxa and Populations

of Sirenians (904.11)

$352 K

(plus $18 K

from MMC)

(Manatee)
61

Basic Reproductive and

Behavioral Characteristics

of West Indian Manatees

(904.12)

Define Ecosystem Relationships

of the Manatee (904.13)

Causes of Mortality and

Salvage Stranded Manatees and

Other Marine Mammals (904.14)

Develop Manatee Tagging and

Tracking Technology (904.15)

Determine Parasites and

Environmental Contaminants in

Manatee and Dugong (904.16)

Mortality Assessment

($15K, ESA)

Staff (FWS/DWRC)

Prepare Annual Status Reports

on Manatee and Dugong (904.17)

Tabb, D. (Tropical BioIndustries)

Crystal River Manatee

Management and Research Plan

($25K)

Brownell, R.L. (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution and Status

of All Dugong Populations

FY82

Rathbun, G. (FWS/DWRC)

Distribution and Status of

All Taxa and Populations of

Sirenians (904.11)

Basic Reproductive and

Behavioral Characteristics

of West Indian Manatees

(904.12)

Ecosystem Relationships of

the Manatees (904.13)

$ 6 K

(Dugong)

$265 K
62

Causes of Mortality and

Salvage Stranded Manatees

and Other Marine Mammals

(904.14)

Manatee Tagging and

Tracking Technology

(904.15 )

Parasites and Environmental

Contaminants in Manatees

and the Dugong (904.16)

Annual Status Reports on

the Manatees and Dugong

(904.17)

Packard, J. (U. Florida)'

Population Index and Mark/

Recapture Methodology for

the West Indian Manatee in

Florida (14-16-000~1544, No.1)

Mace, A.C. (U. Florida)

Research/Management Plan for

the Crystal River West Indian

Manatee Population, Levy and

Citrus Counties, Florida

(14-16-0009-1544, No.2)

Woods, C.A. (U. Florida)

Techniques to Analyze the

Diet of the West Indian Manatee

(14-16-0009-81-1009)

2. Geological Survey

FY80

Whitmore, F.C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and

Paleogeography, Atlantic and

Gulf Coastal Plain

FY81

Whitmore, F.C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy and

Paleogeography, Atlantic and

Gulf Cost Plain

$ 50 K

$ 30 K

$ 8 K

$ 30 K

$ 50 K
63

FY82

Whitmore, F.C. (USGS)

Vertebrate Biostratigraphy

(cetaceans, etc.)

(9590-02738)

3. Minerals Management Service

FY80

Albert, T. (U. Maryland)

Tissue Analysis of

Endangered Whales in the

Beaufort Sea

(AA85l-CTO-22)

Braithwaite, L. (Brigham Young U.. )

The Effect of oil on the Feeding

Mechanism of the Bowhead Whale

(AA85l-CTO-55 )

Dohl, T. P. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

Marine Mammal and Seabird Study

of Central and Northern

California

Fraker, M. and J. Richardson

(LGL Ecological Research

Associates)

Possible Effects of Acoustic

and Other Stimuli Associated

with oil and Gas Exploration/

Development on the Behavior

of the Bowhead IVhale

(AA85l-CTO-44)

Fritts, T.H. (U.S. Fish and

Wildlife Service)

Gulf of Mexico and South

Atlantic Endangered Species

St;udy, Year 1

(AA851-MUO-2l)

Geraci, J.R. and D.J. St. Aubin

(U. Guelph)

Study of the Effects of oil

on Marine Mammals

(AA85l-CT9-29 )

$ 50 K

$350 K

$ 44.1K

$2,442.8K

$590 K

$494.9K

$ 0
64

Hobbs, L. (MaTine Mammal Tagging

Office)

Development of Large Cetacean

Tagging and Tracking Capability

in OCS Lease Areas

(AA851-IAO-32)

Linder, E., B. Gayles, S.

Johnson, P. Thompson (Naval

Ocean Systems Center)

Study of the Effects of Sound

on Marine Mammals

(AA85l-IAO-5)

Ljungblad, D. (Naval Ocean

Systems Center)

Aerial Surveys of Bowhead

Whales, North Slope of Alaska

(AA851-IAO-l)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

Monitoring the Movements of

Whales in and Adjacent to OCS

Lease Areas (AA551-CT9-34)

Watkins, W. (Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst.)

Effects of Whale Monitoring

System Attachment Devices on

Whale Tissues (AA851-CTO-23)

$244.5K

$512.7K

$591 K

$ 25.7K

$ 74.5K

Winn, R., R. Edel and M. Hyman

(U. Rhode Island)

Characterization of Marine

Mammals and Turtles in the North

and Mid-Atlantic Areas of the

u.S. Outer Continental Shelf

(AA55l-CT8-48) $ 0

FY8l

Fritts, T.H. (USFWS)

Gulf of Mexico and South

Atlantic Endangered Species

Study (AA851-MUO-21)

Geraci, J. (U. Guelph)

Effects of Oil on Marine

Mammals (AA55l-CT9-29)

$500 K

$111.8K
65

Hobbs, L. (NMFS, Marine Mammal

Tagging Office)

Development of Large Cetacean

Tagging and Tracking Capability

in OCS Lease Areas

(AAS5l-IAO-32)

Lindner, E. (Naval Ocean Systems

Center)

Effects of Sound on Marine Mammals

(AAS5l-IAO-5)

Ljungblad, D. (Naval Ocean System

Center)

Aerial Surveys of Endangered

Whales--Northern Bering,

Chukchi and Beaufort Seas

(AAS5l-IA2-3)

Mate, B. (Oregon State U.)

Development of Large Cetacean

Tagging and Tracking

Capability in OCS Lease Areas

(AAS5l-CT9-34)

Richardson, J., M. Fraker, B.

Wursig, R. Payne, et al. (LGL

Ecological Research Associates,

Inc. )

Possible Effects of Acoustic and

Other Stimuli Associated with

oil and Gas Exploration/Development

on the Behavior of the Bowhead

Whale (AAS5l-CTO-44)

Winn, H. (U. Rhode Island)

Characterization of Marine

Mammals and Marine Turtles in

the North and Mid-Atlantic

(AA55l-CTS-4S)

FYS2

Albert, T. (D. Maryland)

Tissue Analysis of Endangered

Whales in the Beaufort Sea

(AAS 5l-CTO-2 2)

Braithwaite, L. (Brigham Young U.)

The Effects of Oil on the

Feeding Mechanism of the

Bowhead Whale

(AAS5l-CTO-55)

$ 41.9K

$17S.6K

$345.3K

$ 25 K

$741.4K

$942 K

$ 0

$ 0
66

Dohl, T.P. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

Marine Mammal and Seabird Study

of Central and Northern

California

Ford, G. (Woodward Clyde

Consultants, San Diego)

Southern California Marine

Mammal and Seabird Risk Analysis

Fritts, T.H. (USFWS)

Gulf of Mexico Study of

Distribution and Abundance

of Endangered and Vulnerable

Mammals, Birds, and Turtles

(14-12-001-29118)

Geraci, J. and D. St. Aubin

(U. Guelph)

Effects of oil on Marine

Mammals (AA551-CT9-29)

Ljungblad, D. (NOCS)

Aerial Surveys of Endangered

Whales--Northern Bering,Chukchi,

and Beaufort Seas

(AA851-IA2-3)

Malme, C.I. (Bolt, Beranek &

Newman, Inc.)

Investigations of the Potential

Effects of Acoustic Stimuli

Associated with Oil and Gas

Exploration/Development on the

Behavior of Migratory Gray Whales

(also sea otter)

Mate, B.R. (Oregon State U.)

Development of Satellite-Linked

Methods of Large Cetacean Tagging

and Tracking Capabilities in oes

Lease Areas (AA551-CT9-34)

Richardson, J. (LGLEcological

Research Associates, Inc.)

Possible Effects of Acoustic and

Other Stimuli Associated with

oil and Gas Exploration/Development on the Behavior of the

Bowhead Whale (AA851-CTO-44)

$ 0

$184.4K

$100 K

$500 K

$395.5K

$257.3K

$ 94.6K

$513 K
67

4. MMS/NOAA/OCSEAP

FY80

Calkins, D. and K. Pitcher

(Alaska Dept. Fish & Game)

Population Assessment,

Ecology and Trophic Relationships of Steller Sea Lions in the

Gulf of Alaska (RU243)

Fay, F. (U. Alaska)

Morbidity and Mortality of

Key Marine Mammal Species

(RU194)

Jones, L. and H. Braham

(National Marine Mammal Lab.)

Collection and Analysis of NMFS

Marine Mammal Platforms of

Opportunity Data (RU68)

Lowry, L., J. Burns and K. Frost

(Alaska Dept. Fish & Game)

Trophic Relationships, Habitat

Use, Winter Ecology Among IceInhabiting Phocid Seals and

Functionally Related Marine

Mammals in the Arctic (RU232)

Nerini, M. and H. Braham

(National Marine Mammal Lab.)

Feeding Ecology of the Gray

Whale in the Norton Basin

(RU593)

Rice, D. and W. Wolman

(National Marine Mammal Lab.)

Habitat Use by Humpback, Gray

and Fin WhalJs in the Gulf of

Alaska (RU592)

$ 95 K

$ 82 K

$ 47 K

$ 90 K

$150 K

$300 K
68

FY8l

Burns, J.J. (Alaska Dept. Fish

& Game)

Biological Investigtions of

Belukha Whales in the Coastal

Waters of Alaska (RU6l2)

Burns, J.J. (Alaska Dept. Fish

& Game)

Investigations of Ice-Dependent

Marine Mammals in the Coastal

Zone During Summer and Autumn

(RU613)

Fay, F.H. (U. Alaska)

Modern Populations,

Migrations, Demography,

Trophies, and Historical Status

of the Pacific Walrus in Alaska

(RU611)

Hessing, P. (College, Alaska)

Gray Whale Migration Into the

Bering Sea

Jones, L., H. Braham and L.

Consiglieri (NMFS)

Collection and Analysis of

NMFS Marine Mammal Platforms

of Opportunity Program Data

(RU68)

Lowry, L.F., J.J. Burns and K.J.

Frost (Alaska Dept. Fish &

Game)

Trophic Relationships, Habitat

Use, and Winter Ecology Among IceInhabiting Phocid Seals and

Functionally Related Marine Mammals

in the Arctic (RU232)

Nerini, M. and H. Braham (NMFS)

Feeding Ecology of the Gray

Whale in the Chirikof Basin

(RU593)

FY82

$ 49.8K

$163.3K

$130.3K

$ 9.5K

$ 8.0K

$118.3K

$ 48.6K

Bruggeman, J.J. (Enviosphere, Bellevue,

Washington)

Endangered Whale Surveys in Naverin

Basin, Alaska (RU625) $304K
69

Burns, J. (Alaska Dept. Fish

and Game)

Winter Ecology of Ringed

Seals (RU232)

Burns, J., L. Lowry, and

K. Frost (Alaska Dept. Fish

& Game)

Biological Investigations of

Beluga Whales of Alaska

(RU612)

Cinberg, R. (VTN, Inc.,

Beaverton, Oregon)

Ecological Characterization

of Shallow Subtidal Habitats

in the Northern Aleutian Shelf,

Alaska (sea otter) (RU623)

Evans, W. (Hubbs Sea World

Research Inst.)

The Effects of Manmade Waterborne

Noise on the Behavior of Beluga

Whales in Bristol Bay, Alaska

(RU634)

Fay, F.A. (U. Alaska, Fairbanks)

Modern Population, Migrations,

Demography, Trophies, and

Historical Status of Pacific

Walrus in Alaska (RU611)

Leatherwood, S. (Hubbs Sea

World Research Inst.)

Aerial Surveys for Endangerea

Whales in the Southern Bering

Sea and Gulf of Alaska

(Shelikof Strait) (RU622)

Nelson, H. (U.S. Geological

Survey, Menlo Park, California)

Side-Scan Sonar Records of Gray

Whale Feeding Events in the

Northern Bering Sea, Alaska

(RU629)

Thomson, D. (LGL Ltd., Toronto)

Feeding Ecology of Gray Whales

in the Chirikof Basin, Alaska

(RU626)

$157 K

$134 K

$124 K

$ 70 K

$150.1K

$376 K

$ 70 K

$427 K
70

5. National Park Service

FY80

Dean, F. (D. Alaska), C. & V.

Jurasz (Sea Search)

Glacier Bay Humpback Whale

Data Analysis (CK9000-0-E099)

--Everglades National Park, NPS

Manatee Survey

FY81

English, T.S. (D. Washington)

Humpback Whale Prey Study

(9410-0002-182/81-ABC-00116)

Herman, L.M. (D. Hawaii)

Behavioral Study of Humpback

Whales (9140-0002-182/81-ABC-00114)

Jurasz, C. & V. (Sea Searc~Ltd.)

Humpback Whale Data Purchase

(CX-9000-9-E073-C05)

Malme, C.I. (Bolt, Baranek and

Newman, Inc.)

Acoustic Environment Study

(9140-0002-182/81-ABC-00115)

FY82

Baker, C.S. and L. M. Herman (D.

Hawaii, Monoa)

The Impact of Vessel Traffic on

The Behavior of Humpback Whales

in Southeast Alaska

Malme, C.I. and P.R. Miles (Bolt,

Beranek and Newman, Inc.,

Cambridge, Massachusetts)

Glacier Bay Acoustic Environment

(Phase II) (Humpback whale)

Wing, B. and K. Krieger (NMFS/NMML)

Study of Humpback Whale Prey

Abundance and Distribution

$ 65 K

$ 3 K

$ 90.5K

$113.5K

$ 35.9K

$137 K

$ 87 K

$ 46 K

$ 90 K
71

Department of State

Bureau of Oceans and International Environment

and Scientific Affairs

FY80

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical

Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

FY8l

Gambell, R. (International Whaling

Commission)

Research Fund for International

Whaling Commission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical

Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

FY82

Gambell, R. (International Whaling

Commission)

Research Fund of the International

Whaling Commission

Joseph, J. (Inter-American Tropical

Tuna Commission)

Porpoise-Tuna Investigations

Department of Transportation

Coast Guard, Office of Research and Development

FY80

Naval Ocean Systems Center

Final Report on the Coast Guard

Program in Biological Phenomena

FY81 - FY82

{no projects)

Environmental Protection Agency

FY80 - FY82

(no projects)

$592.9K

$ 32.3K

$687.lK

$ 35.4K

$609.2K

$ 95 K
72

Marine Mammal Commission

FY80

Ainley, C. and H. Huber

(Point Reyes Bird Observatory)

Analysis of Tagged Elephant Seal

Data Collected on the Farallon

Islands, California (MM180ll25-6)

Cedar Creek Laboratory (U.

Minnesota)

Provide Radio Transmitters

for Hawaiian Monk Seal Dive

Profile (MM1800944-6)

Clark, W. (U. Washingto~)

Continuation of Population

Analysis and Research on Stocks of

Great Whales (MM180lll4-6)

Fish and Wildlife Service

Manatee Recovery Activities

Coordinator (ML~1800908-6)

Pilot Program--Development

of Site-Specific Research/

Management Plans for Areas of

Special Significance to the

West Indian Manatee

(MM1801024-4)

Initiation of a Study to

Assess and Characterize Food

Preference and Feeding Areas of

Manatees in the Crystal River

of Florida (MM1801025-7)

Johnson, B. & P. Johnson

Evaluation of Hawaiian

Monk Seal Survey and Molt Data

Collected and Laysan Island in

1977-1979 (MM1533701-4)

Kasuya, T. (Ocean Research

Institute)

The Fishery-Dolphin Conflict

in the Iki Island Area of Japan

(MM1533791-7)

$ 5.3K

$ 2.8K

$ 42 K

$ 50 K

$ 25 K

$ 18 K

$ 6.9K

$ 2 K
73

Mayo, C. (Provincetown Center

for Coastal Studies)

Field Observations of Cetacea

of Provincetown, Massachusetts

Area: 1975-1979

(MM1800925-5)

National Academy of Science

Evaluation of Marine

Ecosystem Research in the

Antarctic

(MM1800913-2)

National Marine Fisheries Service

Continuation and Expansion

of Monk Seal Population

Studies

(MM1800911-6)

Workshop to Develop a Monk

Seal Die-Off Response Plan

(MM1800967-9 )

Assessment and Monitoring of

Endangered Whales, Harbor

Porpoise, and Other cetaceans

Along the Northeast Coast of

The United States (MM1801023-1)

Workshop on Humpback Whales

of the Western North Atlantic

(MM18001038-3)

Analyses of Data Concerning

the Biology, Ecology, Behavior and

Population Dynamics of Monk

Seals in Laysan Island

(MM180-1102-3)

Nolan, R. (Ocean Research

Consulting and Analysis, Ltd.)

Review of Available Information

Concerning the possible Effects

of a Shark Control Program on

Shark Populations and Other

Components of Marine Communities of

the Vicinity of Kure Atoll or Elsewhere in the Northwest Hawaiian

Islands (MM1801065-5)

$ 9.7K

$ 10 K

$ 50 K

$ 4 K

$ 65 K

$ 15. K

$ 21 K

$ 4.2K
74

Seaco (Kailua, Hawaii)

Identification and Evaluation

of On-Going and Planned Fisheries

in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands

(MM180l069-7)

State of Florida Department of

Natural Resources

Workshops for the Education of

Florida Law Enforcement Offiqers

Relating to Manatees

(MM180094l-7)

Manatee Advisory Group

(MM1800942-0)

Manatee Education and Information

Program (MM180-ll24-3)·

Swar~zman, G. (D. Washington)

Exploring Interactions Between

Fur Seal Populations and

Fisheries in the Bering Sea

(MM1800969-5)

FY81

$ 6.9K

$ 6.8K

$ 4.2K

$ 5 K

$ 4.9K

Fish and Wildlife Service

Compilation and Mapping of

Available Biological, Ecological and

Socioeconomic Information Bearing

on Protection, Management and

Restoration of the Southern Sea

Otter (MM2079330-0) $ 10 K

Green-Hammond, K. (Ecosystem

Modeling, Inc.)

Requirements for Effective

Implementation of the Antarctic

Living Resources Convention

(MM2079173-9)

Preparation for the Fourth

Meeting of the Ad Hoc

Group of U.S. Antarctic

Scientists (MM2079349-4)

Hubbs-Sea World Research

Institute .

Logistic Support Meeting on

Alternative Methods of Fishing

for Yellowfin Tuna (MM2079237-2)

$ 9.5K

$ 4.3K

$ 5.6K
75

National Marine Fisheries Service

Marine Mammal/Fisheries Interactions in the Columbia River

and Adjacent Waters (MM207922l-7)

Antarctic Minke Whale

Assessment Cruise

(MM2079354-6)

Individual Recognition and

Assessment of Right Whales in

the Northwest Atlantic

(MM2079 355-9)

Partial Support for International Symposium on Cetacean

Reproduction (MM2079356-2)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration

Third Meeting of Ad Hoc Group

of u.S. Antarctic scientists

(MM2079305-4)

Packard, J.M. (U. Minnesota)

Research Needs Relative to

Zonal Management of Sea Otters

(MM2 0 79 342- 3)

Swartz, S.L. (Cetacean Research

Associates)

Report on Preliminary Results

of Ongoing Studies of Gray

Whales (Eschrichtius robustus)

in Laguna San Ignacio, Baja

California Sur, Mexico

(MM2079219-4)

Waring, G.H. (Southern Illinois

U. )

Survey of Federally-Funded

Marine Mammal Research

(MM180ll96-8: MM2079343-6)

Washington Department of Fish

and Game

Workshop on Marine MammalFisheries Interactions

(MM2079345-2)

$ 25 K

$ 11.5K

$ 2.5K

$ 2 K

$ 5.5K

$ 6 K

$ 3.8K

$ 7 K

$ 7.5K
76

Assessment of Harbor Seal

Populations and Feeding

Habits in the Columbia

River and Adjacent Waters

(MM2079357-5)

Whitehead, H. and K. Chu

(Cambridge U.)

Distribution Patterns and

Movement of Humpback Whales in

North Atlantic (MM2079259-2)

Williams, T.D. (Monterey, CAl

Cleaning and Reconditioning

the Pelage of Oil-Contaminated Sea

Otters (MM2079247-9)

FY82

California Department of Fish

and Game

Assessment, Monitoring and

Mitigation of the Incidental

Take of Marine Mammals by Gill

Net Fisheries in the Coastal

Waters of California

(MM2324806-9)

Department of State

Support of a Conference on

the Application of Genetics to

the Management of Wild Plants

and Animal Populations

(MM2324718-3)

Fish and Wildlife Service

Supplement to an Ongoing

Project to Compile and Map

Available Biological, Ecological

and Socioeconomic Information

Bearing on the Protection,

Management and Restoration of

the Southern Sea Otter

(MM2324808-5)

Green-Hammond, K.A. (Ecosystem

Modeling, Houston)

Evaluation of Some Potential

Pinniped and Seabird Species

as Indicators of Changes in the

Abundance of Antarctic Krill

(MM2324753-6)

$ 23.5K

$ 9 K

$ ,2 K

$ 10 K

$ 1 K

$ 5.6K

$ 10 K
77

Jones, M.L. and S.L. Swartz

(Cetacean Research Associates,

San Diego)

Demography and Behavior of

Gray Whales During 1978-1982

Winter Seasons in Laguna San

Ignacio, Baja California Su~

Mexico (MM2327l3-8)

Medway, W. (U. Pennsylvania)

Evaluation of the Safety and

Usefulness of Techniques and

Equipment Used to Obtain

Biopsies from Free-Swimming

Cetaceans (MM2324809-8)

National Marine Marr~al Laboratory

(NHFS)

Research on Humpback Whales

in Glacier Bay and/or Other

Southeast Alaska Waters

(MM2324752-3)

Deve+opment of a Research and

Studies Plan to Identify the Most

Effective and Appropriate

Methods and Technologies for

Mitigating Marine Mammal/Fish

Conflicts in the Columbia

River and Adjacent Waters

(MM2324788-2)

New England Aquarium

Workshop on the Biology and

Past and Present Status of

Right Whales (MM2324803-0)

North Pacific Fisheries Management Council

Workshop on Marine MarnrnalFisheries Interactions in the

Bering Sea

(MM2324802-7)

Reynolds, J.E. (Eckerd College)

Identification and Evaluation

of Possible Differences in the

Hardiness of Bottlenose Dolphins

From Different Coastal Areas of

the Southeastern United States

(MM2324822-l)

$ 6 K

$ 2 K

$ 5 K

$ 10 K

$ 3 K

$ 5 K

$ 4 K
78

Southwest Fisheries Center (NMFS)

Data Analyses Relative to the

Estimation of the Size and

Species Composition of

Porpoise Schools in the

Eastern Tropical Pacific

(MM2324792-l)

Analysis of Farallon Islands

Elephant Seal Data

(MM2324775-6)

Waring, G.H. (Southern

Illinois U.)

Survey of Federally-funded

Marine Mammal Research

(MM2324754-9)

Winn, H.E. (Biological Writers

and Consultants, Narragansett,

Rhode Island)

Development of a Right Whale

Sighting Network in the

Southeastern United States

(MM2324805-6)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

FY80

Ray, G.C., D. Wartzok (Johns

Hopkins U.) and P. Sebesta

(Ames Research Center)

Study of Predictive Ecological

Models Useful for the Management

and Conservation of Bering Sea

Mammals SSIE

FY8l

Smith, R.C., K. S. Baker and

P. Dustan (U. California,

San Diego)

Ship Satellite Bio-Optical

Research in the California

Bight (Cetaceans)

FY82

(No proj ects)

$ 4 K

$ 12 K

$ 2.5K

$ 4 K

$ 12 K

$143.3K
79

National Science Foundation

FY80

Awbrey, F.T. (San Diego State D.)

Artificial Aggregating System

for Tuna Purse Seining SSIE

Dawson, W.W. (D. Florida)

Physiology bf Vision in

Dolphins and Other Cetaceans

(79-14129)

Fay, F.H. (D. Alaska)

Energy Cost and Control of

Molting in Bering Sea Harbor

and Spotted Seals

(80-06957)

Hall, E.R. (D. Kansas)

A Systematic Classification

of North American Drsus

(80-14252)

Herman, L. H. (D. Hawaii,'

Manoa)

Behaviors and Social

Organization of Humpback

Whales in Hawaiian Waters

(77-24943)

Dolphin InformationProcessing Capabilities

(77-16882)

Jehl, J.R. and W.E. Evans

(Hubbs-Sea World Institute)

Distribution and Ecology

of Orcinus and Globicephala

in the Antarctic

(80-22633)

Kooyman, G.L. (Scripps Inst.

Oceanography)

Biology of Weddell Seals

During the Austral Summer

(79-23623)

LeBoeuf, B.J. (D. California,

Santa Cruz)

Biological Studies of the

Northern Elephant Seal

(77-17063)

$ 0

$ 99.2K

$ 38.8K

$ 36.3K

$ 42.3K

$ 43.5K

$ 33.8K

$ 95.3K

$ 30.2K
80

Morgane, P.J. (Worcester Foundation

for Experimental Biology, Inc.)

Archicortical-Limbic Formations

of Dolphin Brain (77-8660)

Norris, K.S. (D. California,

Santa Cruz)

Behavior of the Hawaiian Spinner

Dolphin (78-24638)

Siniff, D.B. (D. Minnesota)

The Role of the Leopard Seal

in the Antarctic Marine

Ecosystem

(80-17257)

The Development of Satellite

Tracking and Antarctic

Position/Activity Monitoring

for Selected Antarctic Vertebrates

(80-17348)

Wormuth, J. (Texas A & MD.)

A Study of Feeding Relationships

in Tuna and Porpoise Through the

Application of Cephalopod Beak

Analysis (79-24779) SSIE

FY81

Bengtson, J. and D.B. Siniff

(D. Minnesota)

Changes in Reproduction Patterns

of Antarctic Seals as Indicators of

Shifts in Ecosystem Structure and

Function (DPP 80-20087)

Doming, D.P. (Howard D.)

Tertiary Sirenian Systematics

and Paleontology in West Atlantic

and Caribbean (DEB 80-20265)

Fay, F.H. (D. Alaska)

The Energy Cost and Control

of Molting in Bering Sea

Harbor and Spotted Seals

(DPP 80-06957)

Herman, L.M. (D. Hawaii)

Dolphin Information Processing:

Linguistic Competencies

(ENS 81-09653)

$ 46.6K

$ 83.8K

$ 76.4K

$ 19.8K

$ 31. 6K

$ 78.5K

$ 46.5K

$ 40.1K

$107 K
;

81

Kooyman, G. (Scripps Inst.

Oceanography)

Biology of Weddell Seals

During the Austral Winter

(DPP 79-23623)

Morgane, P.J. (Worcester Founaation for Experimental Biology)

Neocortical Formations of

Dolphin Brain (BNS 81-00064)

Norris, K.S. (U. California,

Santa Cruz)

Behavior of the Hawaiian

Spinner Dolphin (BNS 78-24683)

Siniff, D.B. (U. Minnesota)

Seasonal Movements and·

Interactions of Weddell Seals and

Antarctic Cod in McMurdo Sound,

Antarctica (DPP 80-20097)

FY82

Dawson, W.W. (U. Florida)

Physiology of Vision in

Dolphins and Other Cetaceans

(BNS79-14129)

Erickson, A.W. (U. Washington)

Census of Seals in the

Eastern Section of Antarctic

Pack Ice (DPP 82-10588)

LeBoeuf, B.J. and L. Ortiz

(U. California, Santa Cruz)

Biological Studies of Northern

Elephant Seals (DEB81-17024)

Morgane, P. J. (Worcester

Foundation for Experimental

Biology)

Neocortical Formations of

Dolphin Brain

(BNS81-00064)

Nybakken, J. and J.S. Oliver

(San Jose State U.)

Walrus Feeding in the

Bering and Chukcki Seas

(DPP81-21722)

$ 68K

$ 44.9K $ 83.8K

$143.7K $ 99.2K $ 68.4K $ 45 K $ 48.9K $ 77. 2K
82

Singer, M.C. and M.L. Oldfield

(U. Texas, Austin)

Doctoral Dissertation Research

in Population Biology (whales)

(DEB82-06441)

Thomas, J.A. and J. Jehl, Jr.

(Hubbs Sea World Research Inst.)

Circumpolar Analysis of the

Marine Mammal Faunas of the Pack

Ice, Antarctica (DPP82-05761)

Wartzok,D. and D. Ketten (Johns

Hopkins U.)

Doctoral Dissertation Research

in Sensory Physiology and

Perception (cetaceans).

(BNS81-18072)

Zapol, W.M. (Massachusetts General

Hospital)

Diving Physiology of the Fetal

Weddell Seal (DPP81-00212)

Smithsonian Institution

FY80

Mead, J. (National Museum of

Natural History)

Marine Mammal Program

Ray, C. (National Museum of

Natural History)

Fossil Marine Mammals

FY81

Mead, J. (National Museum of

Natural History)

Marine Mammal Program

Ray, C. (National Museum of

Natural History)

Fossil Marine Mammals

FY82

Boness, D.J., O.T. Oftedal and

K.A. Ono (National Zoological Park)

Lactation and Mother-Infant

Interactions in the California

Sea Lion (5699-06)

$ 3.3K

$ 43.2K

$ 6.9K

$ 24.8K

$ 93.5K

$ 49.3K

$103 K

$ 49.3K

$ 11. 8K
83

Mead, J.G. (National Museum of

Natural History)

Marine Mammal Program

(82337100)

Ray, C.E. (National Museum

of Natural Hist0ry)

Fossil Marine Mammals

Veterans Administration

FY80 - FY82

(no proj ects)

$ 97 K

$ 40 K