04130001070

Oak Orchard Creek

04120104

Tonawanda Creek

700

800

600

GS818

GS269

GS676

GS662

GS374

GS450

GS270

GS239

GS120

GS111

GS100

GS711

GS707

GS700

GS654

GS675

GS668

GS667

GS661

GS593

GS579

GS523

GS422

GS434

GS407

GS411

GS408

GS623

GS615

GS566

GS448

GS503

GS429

GS367

GS360

GS356

GS333

78°22'30"

78°22'30"

78°25'

78°25'

78°27'30"

78°30' 78°27'30"

43°05' 43°05'

43°02'30" 43°02'30"

43°

43°07'30" 43°07'30"

43°

78°30'

Base from NYSDOT Mapping and GIS Section,

1998, accessed in 2009 at

http://www.nysgis.state.ny.us/gisdata/

Land use from National Land Cover Data 2001,

Resolution 1 arc-second (approx. 30m)

Soils from United States Department of Agriculture, 

Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Database

accessed in 2009 at http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov

State Plane Coordinate System, Zone 3103, 

North American Datum 1983

Prepared in cooperation with the

NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

AKRON, NY

ERIE

GENESEE

LIVINGSTON

MONROE

NIAGARA ORLEANS

WYOMING

AKRON

OAKFIELD

BATAVIA

NORTH

BYRON

CHURCHVILLE

CORFU

ALEXANDER

BATAVIA

SOUTH

STAFFORD

LE ROY

Carbonate

Hydrogeologic and Geospatial Data for the Assessment of Focused Recharge Study Area

to the Carbonate-Rock Aquifer in Genesee County, New York

By

James E. Reddy and William M. Kappel

2010

Plate 1 Plate 2 Plate 3 Plate 4 Plate 5

Plate 7 Plate 6 Plate 9 Plate 8 Plate 10

Map 2—This map provides the location of major 

drainage basin divides in Genesee County (Oatka, 

Black, Tonawanda, and Oak Orchard Creek 

drainage basins) and the location of all wells used 

in the carbonate-rock aquifer study and wells 

located north or south of the study area. The 

locations of wells within the study area were 

verified using office methods, or by field 

verification; however, the locations of wells 

outside the study area were not verified. Therefore, 

bedrock-surface contours represent a generalized 

surface, especially outside the study area. 

Anthropogenic features (quarries and mines) are 

also shown on this map. The location of 

agricultural land uses (cropland, hay and pasture, 

in light brown shading), and the 

“shallow-to-bedrock” soils are shown using a 

hachured pattern. These “shallow-to-bedrock” soils 

have an infiltration rate of 1.42 to 5.67 inch per 

hour (in/hr), and bedrock with associated 

solution-widened fractures or karst features may be 

present at or just below the land surface. Four 

additional “shallow-to-bedrock” soils (Aurora, 

Benson, Wassaic, and Rubbleland) that have lower 

infiltration rates but have been associated with 

manure application and groundwater 

contamination in Genesee County also are shown.

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS MAP 3132

Geology, land use, and contaminant spills,

Akron, Genesee County, NY—PLATE 1, MAP 2

Reddy, J.E., and Kappel, W.M., 2010, Hydrogeologic and geospatial data for the assessment

of focused recharge to the carbonate-rock aquifer in Genesee County, New York;

U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Map 3132, 20 plates, 1:24,000 scale.

Carbonate-rock aquifer study area

boundary 

Cropland/hay/pasture

Basin boundary, hydrologic unit code,

and name

04120104

Tonawanda Creek

Shallow soils with infiltration rates ranging

from 1.42 to 5.67 in/hr

Altitude of bedrock surface, in feet

above sea level (NAVD 88); intermediate

contours are 25-foot intervals

NYS Department of Environmental

Conservation

NYS Department of Transportation

NYS Thruway Authority

SSURGO exposed bedrock

USGS GWSI

Bedrock data source

GS434

GS281

GS231

GS242

Mine or quarry

Sand or gravel pit

Inactive quarry

Anthropogenic features

Number is well number assigned by

U.S. Geological Survey; two-letter prefix denotes 

Genesee County.

Aurora, Benson, Wassaic, and Rubbleland

soils

700

EXPLANATION

MAP SERIES 2

1,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 FEET

1 .5 0 1 KILOMETER

SCALE 1:24 000

1 1/ 2 0 1 MILE