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# i i COMPLETIO N REPORT YA K TUNNE L MONITORIN G WELL S CALIFORNIA GULC H SIT E LEADVILLE , COLORAD O February 1992

Prepare d fo r Res-ASARCO , Incorporate d Leadville , Colorado 

## Woodward-Clyd e Woodward-Clyd e Consultant s 458 2 Sout h Ulste r Stree t Parkwa y Stanford Plac

e 3 , Suit e 100 0 Denver , Colorad o 8023 7 Project No . 22907C-2232 7 T221 0

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## •••••• • COMPLETIO N REPORT * YA K TUNNE L I MONITORIN G WELL S t 

## CALIFORNIA GULC H SIT E I LEADVILLE , COLORAD O 

# I February 199 2 ^ 

# I I
•P ' Prepare d fo r Res-ASARCO , Incorporate d Leadville , Colorad

o 

## 1 I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Woodward-Clyd e Consultants 458 2 Sout h Ulste r Stree t Parkwa y Stanford Place 3 , Suit

e 100 0 Denver , Colorad o 8023 7 Project No . 22907C-2232 7 T221 0

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### Sectio n

1. 0 INTRODUCTIO N 1. 1 PURPOS E AN

D SCOP E 1. 2 SIT E BACKGROUN D 1. 3 REPORT ORGANIZATIO N 2. 0 SIT

E DESCRIPTIO N 2. 1 GEOLOG Y 2. 2 HYDROGEOLOG Y 2. 3 SELECTION O FWEL L LOCATION S 2. 4 SURFAC E GEOPHYSIC S 2.4. 1 Electromagneti c Survey s 2.4. 2 Very Lo w Frequenc y (VLF ) Survey s 2.4. 3 Resistivity Sounding s 2.4. 4 High Resolutio n Seismi c Reflectio n 2. 5 HISTORICA

L RESOURCE S SURVE Y 3. 0 INSTALLATIO N OFBBW- 1 3. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y 3. 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S 3. 3 SELECTION O FSCREENE D INTERVAL 3. 4 WEL

L COMPLETION

22907A-22327/R2.TC 02-28-92/W T 1 

### TABL E O FCONTENT S

Pag e 1- 1 1- 1 1-2 1- 3 2- 1 2- 1 2- 2 2- 3 2- 6 2- 7 2- 7 2- 8 2- 9 2- 9 3- 1 3- 1 3- 1 3- 2 3- 3

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# i i J ' Woodward-Clyd e Consultant s TABLE O FCONTENT S (Continued ) Sectio n 4. 0 INSTALLATIO N O FBBW- 2 4. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y 4. 2 GEOLOGIC CONDITION S 4. 3 SELECTIO N O FSCREENED INTERVAL 4. 4 WEL

L COMPLETIO N 5. 0 INSTALLATIO N OFBBW- 3 5. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y 5. 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S 5. 3 SELECTIO N OFSCREENED INTERVAL 5. 4 WEL

L COMPLETIO N 6. 0 INSTALLATIO N O FBBW- 4 6. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y 6. 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S 6. 3 SELECTION O FSCREENED INTERVAL 6. 4 WEL

L COMPLETIO N 7. 0 INSTALLATIO N OFBBW- 5 < 3 7. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMARY 7. 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S 7. 3 SELECTION OFSCREENE D INTERVAL 7. 4 WEL

L COMPLETION 7. 5 ADDITIONAL GEOPHYSICA L LOGGIN G

22907A-22327/R2.TC 02-28-92/RP T U 

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# i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant s TABL E O FCONTENT S (Continued ) Sectio n 8. 0 INSTALLATIO N O FBBW- 7 8. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y 8. 2 GEOLOGIC CONDITION S 8. 3 SELECTION O FSCREENED INTERVAL BBW- 7 8. 4 WELL COMPLETIO N 9. 0 WEL

L DEVELOPMENT 9. 1 DEVELOPMEN T PROCEDURE S 9. 2 DEVELOPMENT O FBBW- 1 9. 3 DEVELOPMENT OFBBW- 2 9. 4 DEVELOPMEN T O FBBW- 3 9. 5 DEVELOPMENT O FBBW- 4 9. 6 DEVELOPMEN T O FBBW- 5 9. 7 DEVELOPMENT O FBBW- 7 Pag e 

### 8- 1 8- 1 8- 1 8- 2 8- 3 9- 1 9- 1 9- 1 9- 2 9- 2 9- 3 9- 3 9- 4 10. 0 SUMMAR Y O FCHANGE S FRO M TH E WOR K PLAN/SA P 10- 1 10 . 1 CHANGE S IN THE WOR K PLAN 10. 2 CHANGE S I

N TH E SAMPLIN G AN

D ANALYSI S 11. 0 DISCUSSIO N OFHYDROGEOLOGI C CONDITION S 11. 1 GENERAL HYDROGEOLOGI C CONDITION S 1 1. 2 WEL

L BBW- 1 HYDROGEOLOGY 

### 10- 1 PLAN 10- 1



### 11- 1 11- 1 11- 2 

# i i 11.3 WEL L BBW- 2 HYDROGEOLOGY 11- 3 11. 4 WEL L BBW- 3 HYDROGEOLOGY 11- 3 11.5 WEL

L BBW- 4 HYDROGEOLOGY 11- 4 11.6 WEL

L BBW- 5 HYDROGEOLOGY 11- 4
22907A-22327/R2.TC 02-28-92/RP T il l

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# i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant s TABL E O FCONTENT S (Concluded ) Sectio n 1 1. 7 WEL

L BBW- 7 HYDROGEOLOG Y 12.0 REFERENCE S LIS T O FFIGURE S Pag e 

### 11- 5 12- 1

FIGUR E 2- 1 PROPOSE D PIEZOMETER/MONITORIN G WEL L

LOCATION S FIGUR E 3- 1 GEOLOGI C AND WEL L COMPLETIO N FIGUR E 4- 1 GEOLOGI C AN D WEL L COMPLETIO N FIGURE 5- 1 GEOLOGIC AN D WEL L COMPLETION FIGUR E 6- 1 GEOLOGI C AND WEL L COMPLETIO N FIGUR E 7- 1 GEOLOGI C AND WEL L COMPLETIO N FIGURE 8- 1 GEOLOGI C AND WEL L COMPLETIO N LIS T O FAPPENDIXE S APPENDIX A FIEL

D BORIN G LOG S LOGS , BBW- 1 LOGS , BBW- 2 LOGS , BBW- 3 LOGS , BBW- 4 LOGS , BBW- 5 LOGS , BBW- 7

APPENDI X B DOWNHOL

E GEOPHYSICA

L LOG S (see Volume H ) APPENDIX C WEL L COMPLETIO N LOG S ^ APPENDD C D WEL L DEVELOPMENT LOG S APPENDIX E SURVEYIN G DATA

22907A-2232V/R2.TC 02-28-92/W T W

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s 

## 1. 0 INTRODUCTIO N Thi s sectio n describe s th e purpos e o f thi s document , an dth e genera l site history an d location. . 1. 1 PURPOS E AND SCOP E Th e purpos e o f

thi s repor t

i s t o summariz e th e drilling , wel l completio n an d developmen t

o f si x piezometers/monitorin g well s installe dfo r th e Yak Tunne l Operabl e Unit , Californi aGulc h Site , Leadville , Colorado . Thi s repor t als o present s th e dat a collecte di n th e fiel ddurin g th e installatio n an ddevelopmen t o f th e wells . Th e si x monitorin g well s discusse di n thi s documen t ar e par t o f th e monitorin g progra m fo r th e selecte dremed y determine db y th e Recor do f Decisio n (ROD ) Marc h 29 , 1988 , a s modifie do n Marc h 23 , 1989 , fo r th e Ya k Tunne l Operabl e Uni t

(EPA 198 8 an d 1989a) . Th e Modifie dRO D (EPA 1989a, p . 1-2 ) describe s th e eigh t

component s o f

th e selecte dremedy , on e o f whic h i s amonitorin g progra mt o establis h baselin e preremediatio n wate r

quality an dt o predic t

an devaluate hydrologi c changes . Th e objective s o f

th e monitorin g progra m(EPA 1988 , pp . 40-41 ) are a s follows :

• "Defin e th e preremediatio n groundwate r an dsurfac e wate r

condition s agains t whic h th e impact s o f

th e selecte dremed y can b e evaluated ;

• Provid e informatio n o n th e effectivenes s o f th e remed y b y monitorin g wate r qualit y an dwate r

level s i n th e vicinit

y o f th e plugs ; an d

• Provid e ongoin g informatio n o n ho w th e remed y i s affectin g regional groundwate r

an dsurfac e water. "

22907A-22327/R2. 1 02-28-92/RP T 1- 1

# I I I I I I i i i I i i i i i I i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Th e baselin e monitorin g progra mwil l consis t o f th e establishmen t

an droutin e monitorin g o f

groundwate r

an dsurfac e wate r

location s fo r

a t leas t on e yea r

prio r t o tunne l pluggin g unti l equilibriu mcondition s are reache das aresul t of the remediation . Th e Res-ASARC O Join t Ventur e propose dchange s t o th e remed y component s i n th e Selecte dRemed y Componen t Chang e Proposa l (SRCCP ) (Res-ASARC O 1990a) . On e chang e was to reduc e the groundwate r monitorin g portio n of

the monitorin g progra m fro m2 3 monitorin g wel l location s t o seve n locations . Thi s chang e ha s bee n incorporate d i n th e Draf

t Explanatio n o f

Significan t

Difference s (ESD ) documen t issue db y EP A (EP A 1991) . Si x o f

th e seve n well s wer e installe di n th e Fal l o f 1992 . Th e seventh wel l wil l b e installe dlater . Th e location s o f

th e monitorin g well s wer e outline di n th e Technical Memorandu mfo r Piezometer s an dMonitorin g Well s (Res-ASARC O 1991) . Th e constructio n method s ar e presente di n th e Work

Plan , Yak

Tunne l Operabl e Unit , (Res-ASARC O 1990b ) an dth e Samplin g an dAnalysi s Pla n (SAP) , Ya

k Tunne l Operabl e Uni t

(Res-ASARC O 1990c) . 1. 2 SIT E BACKGROUN D Th e Californi aGulc h sit e i s i n Lake County , Colorado , approximatel y 10 0 mile s southwes t

o f Denver . Th e Phas e I Remedia l Investigatio n (RI ) stud y area , whic h include s th e Cit

y o f Leadvill e (populatio n 3,800) , encompasse s a n 1 6 squar e mil e watershe dtha t

drain s alon g Californi aGulc h t o th e Arkansa s Rive r wes t o f Leadville . Th e Californi aGulc h drainag e basi n range s fro m10,00 0 t o 14,00

0 fee t abov e mea n se a leve l (msl ) i n elevation . Minin g began i n th e Leadvill e are ai n 185 9 with th e discover y o f gol di n Californi a Gulch . Initial minin g o f placer deposit s wa s short-live dbu t le dto th e discover

y o f silver-bearin g lea dcarbonate . Th e searc h fo r or e expande dan dresulte di n th e discovery an dextensiv e minin g o f replacemen t

deposit s o f

leadan dsilver . Thi s wa s followe db y minin g o f

gol dan dassociate dcopper , an dlate r b y minin g o f

zin c an dmanganese . A s th e mine s wer e deepene dan dminin g area s expanded , effectiv e drainag e o f th e min e working s becam e an economi c necessity . Th e Ya k Tunne l an dth e Leadvill e Drainag e 22907A-22327/R2. 1 02-28-92/RP T 1- 2

# I I 1 I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Tunne l wer e constructe da s th e tw o majo r drainag e facilitie s beginnin g i n 1895 an d1943 , respectively . Minin g i n th e are aha s continue dat varyin g level s o f

intensity sinc e it s beginnin g i n th e mid-1800's ; i t

ha s continue dthroug h depressions , labo r unres t an dtw o worl dwars . Today ther e remain s onl y limite dactiv e mining . Th e Yak Tunne l an dth e Leadvill e Drainag e Tunnel , however , continu e t o functio n a s designe dan ddrai n th e connecte d min e workings . 1. 3 REPOR T ORGANIZATIO N 

### Sectio n 2. 0 o f

thi s documen t

describe s th e sit e location , geolog y an dpre-drillin g activities . Section s 3. 0 throug h 8. 0 describ e th e drillin g an dinstallatio n o f si x monitorin g wells . Sectio n 9. 0 discusse s developmen t o f th e wells , whil e Sectio n 10. 0 summarize s deviation s o r

change s fro mth e Work Plan an dSAP . Sectio n 11.0 discusse s th e hydrogeologi c condition s encountered . Sectio n 12. 0 contain s references .

22907A-22327/R2. 1 02-28-92/RP T 1- 3

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s 2. 0 SIT E DESCRIPTIO N Thi s sectio n describe s th e geolog y an dhydrogeolog y o f th e Yak Tunne l area . I n addition , an explanatio n o f th e selectio n o f

wel l location s i s included . 2. 1 GEOLOGY Bedroc k i n th e Ya

k Tunne l are aconsist s o f agraniti c an dmetamorphi c Precambria n basemen t overlai n b y Paleozoi c sedimentary bed s o f dolomite , limestone , sandstone , siltstone , an dshale . Th e tota l thicknes s o f sedimentar y rock s expose di n th e are arange s fro m0 t o 160

0 fee t (Emmon s e t

al . 1927) . Younge r

igneou s intrusiv e rock s (porphyry ) fro mlarg e deep-roote dirregularly-shape dmasse s (stocks ) an dsheet s betwee n sedimentar y bed s (sills) . Alteratio n b y ore-formin g fluid s ha s change dth e porphyry , particularl y th e sills , t o predominantl y mic aminerals . Unconsolidate dsedimentar y deposit s i n th e are awer e forme db y alluvial (surfac e water ) o r glacia l processes . Alluvial deposit s o f stratifie dsilt , san dan dgrave l occu r i n presen t strea mvalleys , includin g Californi aGulch . Glacia l deposit s o f

poorl y sorte dgravel - t o silt-size dsedimen t

cover th e bedroc k

i n th e northeas t

part o f th e Yak Tunne l are at o athicknes s o f

0 t o 22 0 feet . Th e sedimentar y an digneou s bedroc k i s intensel y broke n b y numerou s majo r an dmino r faults . Majo r

fault s hav e predominantl y revers e (compressional ) o r normal (extensional ) displacement . O n adistrict-wid e scale , northerly-strikin g majo r fault s caus e an irregula

r stair-ste p arrangemen t

o f fault-bounde dblock s with downwarddisplacement o f th e block s towar dth e west . Majo r fault s occurrin g i n th e vicinit y o f th e Ya k Tunne l includ e th e Iron , Tucso n Maid , Adelaide , Mike , Pilot , Weston , Colorad o Prince , an dBal l Mountai n Faults . Th e majo r

fault s typicall y includ e adjacen t zone s o f displacemen t

an ddeformation . Th e interio r zon e o f displacemen t

contain s sof

t goug e develope do n subparalle l plane s o f movement , separate db y crushe droc k (faul t breccia) . Th e goug e i s amixtur e o f finel y 22907A-22327/R2. 7 02-28-92/RP T 2- 1

# I I I I I i i I i I i i i i i i i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s pulverize droc k

an dclay . Th e zon e o f

displacemen t

may b e several ten s o f

fee t wide , an dthicknes s o f

goug e o n th e slip plane s range s fro msevera l inche s t o severa l feet . Th e zon e o f displacemen t

i s envelope db y th e zon e o f deformation , whic h grade s fro m fracture droc k

t o faul t brecci atowar dth e centra l zon e o f displacement . Th e zon e o f deformatio n range s fro mafe w fee t t o several hundre dfee t

i n widt h (Emmon s e t

al . 1927) . Mino r fault s an dfissure s occu r

withi n th e structura l block s bounde db y th e majo r faults . Mino r faul t type s includ e reverse , normal , an dfla t (beddin g plane ) faults . Th e mino r fault s hav e awid e rang e o f orientations , althoug h apredominan t orientatio n exist s i n som e areas , suc h a s th e N30° E t o N50° E tren do f mino r fault s i n th e Resurrectio n min e are a(Jonso n 1955) . Rock s adjacen t t o intersection s o f

mino r fault s ar e generall y highl y shattere d(Emmon s e t

al . 1927) . 2. 2 HYDROGEOLOG Y 

### Groundwate r

i n th e Yak

Tunne l are aoccur s i n bedroc k an dalluvia

l aquifers . Th e bedroc k aquife r drain s towar dstrea mvalley s an dint o alluvia l aquifers . Th e alluvia l aquife r consist s o f

san dt o boulde r

siz e unconsolidate dsediments . Th e bedroc k aquife r ha s thre e type s o f

porosity tha t

contribut e t o groundwate r storag e an dflow : primar y (intergranular

roc k porosity) ; secondar y (faults , fractures , an dkarst) ; an dmin e workings . Th e primary porosity an dpermeabilit y o f mos t o f th e roc k type s i n th e are aare low , an d ar e relativel y insignifican t compare dt o secondary porosit y an dpermeability , an dt o th e influenc e o f

min e workings . Groundwate r

flo w i n bedroc k

i s influence db y th e majo r an dmino r

faults . Majo r

fault s separat e th e strat ainto astair-step arrangemen t o f faul t block s wit

h decreasin g elevation s toward s th e west . Th e displacemen t o f bedroc k block s alon g th e majo r

fault s ha s create dlarge-scal e complexitie s i n th e regional bedroc k aquife r du e t o separatio n an ddisplacemen t

o f permeabl e aquife r

units . Relativel y impermeabl e goug e zone s alon g th e majo r fault s appea

r t o restric t

groundwate r

flo w betwee n blocks , perpendicular t o faul t plane s (Emmon s e t

al . 1927) . Larg e flow s o f wate r wer e commonl y encountere d whe n gouge-bearin g faul t

zone s wer e breache db y earl y minin g activitie s (Emmon s e t al . 1927) , suggestin g tha t

th e fault s acte da s barrier s betwee n faulte daquife r blocks . Th e 22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-28-92/RP T 2- 2

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s

roc k adjacen t t o th e fault s however , i s generall y permeabl e an dreadil y conduct s wate r alon g th e plan e o f

th e faul t

zon e throug h th e fractur e zone s adjacen t t o th e faults . Groundwate r

movemen t

withi n th e faul t

block s i s facilitate db y permeabl e highly fracture dzone s adjacen t t o th e majo r

fault s an db y numerou s interconnectin g mino r fault s withi n th e blocks . Th e effect s o f

minin g an dmin e drainag e hav e dramaticall y change dth e hydrogeologi c system . Groundwate r

flo w i n th e vicinity ha s bee n redirecte dtowar dth e Yak Tunnel , whic h wa s constructe doriginall y fo r th e purpos e o f

larg e scal e groundwate r interceptio n an ddrainag e fro mth e adjacen t mineralize dzone s i n orde r t o facilitat e mining . Min e working s tha t

ar e distan t

fro mth e Ya k

Tunne l bu t

connecte dt o it , als o appea r t o captur e wate r

fro mneighborin g drainages , suc h a s Evan s Gulch . Natura l permeability withi n th e faul t

block s i s increase di n som e area s b y free-flowin g min e workings , ari d ne w fracture s cause db y min e subsidence . Th e Yak Tunne l an dth e associate dnetwork o f min e working s perforat e faul t goug e zones , thereb y enhancin g hydrauli c interconnectio n betwee n groundwate r bearin g fault-blocks . 2. 3 SELECTIO N O F WEL L LOCATION S Th e location s o f

th e bedroc k

monitorin g well s (Figure 2-1 ) wer e selecte dusin g th e followin g criteria :

• Th e screene dinterval s o f th e monitorin g well s shoul db e installe di n hydraulically conductiv e faul t zone s (o r

fractur e zone s adjacen t t o suc h zones ) withi n th e bedroc k aquifer .

• Monitorin g well s shoul db e locate dawa y fro mmin e working s tha t ar e interconnecte dt o th e Ya k Tunne l syste mt o avoi dmeasurin g wate r level s tha t simply reflec t

subsurfac e condui t

flo w throug h min e workings .

• Monitorin g well s shoul db e locate dfa r enoug h fro mth e tunne l t o reflec t larg e scal e hydrologi c condition s bu t no t s o fa r a s t o b e o n th e othe r

sid e o f agroundwate r

divide .
22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-28-92/RP T 2- 3

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s

• On e monitorin g wel l shoul db e place dnear th e porta l t o evaluat e th e possibility o f

flo w away fro mth e tunne l i n tha t area . Monitorin g wel l dril l sit e location s an destimate dscreene dinterval depth s wer e identifie dbase do n interpretatio n o f geologi c fiel drelationship s i n conjunctio n wit h availabl e geologi c map s an dliterature . Surfac e geophysical method s wer e use dt o confir mth e locatio n o f

th e dril l site s an dindicat e potentia l hydraulicall y conductiv e zone s nea

r th e anticipate dscreene dintervals . Th e summarize dselectio n criteri afo r eac h wel l i s describe dbelow . A mor e detaile dexplanatio n o f wel l site selectio n criteri a i s presente di n th e Technical Memorandu mfo r Piezometer s an dMonitorin g Well s (Res ASARC O 1991) . Th e wel l location s are show n o n Figur e 2-1 . Wel l BBW- 1 Wel l BBW- 1 i s locate d1,10 0 fee t north o f th e Yak Tunne l an d42 0 fee t

wes t o f th e surfac e trac e o f

th e Pilo t Faul t o n th e wester n slop e o f Breec e Hill . Th e BBW- 1 dril l sit e wa s locate dusin g th e surfac e trac e o f th e faul t fro mth e Behr e (1953 ) map an da n approximat e 6 5 ° W di p o f th e faul t reporte di n th e Emmon s e t al . (1927 ) report

an d Thompso n (1974 ) cross-sections . Th e mappe dsurfac e feature s wer e fiel dchecked , an d th e geologi c interpretatio n wa s confirme dwit h surfac e geophysical methods . Wel l BBW- 2 Wel l BBW- 2 i s locate d90 0 fee t sout h o f th e Ya k Tunne l an d23 5 fee t

wes t o f th e approximat e surfac e trac e o f th e Pilo t Faul t nea r th e botto mo f

White s Gulch . Th e positio n o f

th e BBW- 2 dril l site wa s locate dusin g th e Behr e (1953 ) ma p an dan approximat e 6 5 ° W dip indicate di n cross-section s b y Emmon s et al . (1927) , an d Thompso n (1974) . Th e mappe dsurfac e feature s wer e fiel dchecked , an dth e geologi c interpretatio n wa s confirme dwit h surfac e geophysical methods . Wel l BBW- 3 Wel l BBW- 3 i s locate d2,50 0 fee t northwes t

o f th e Ya k Tunne l an d17 5 fee t

wes t o f th e approximat e surfac e trac e o f th e Westo n Fault . Th e BBW- 3 dril l site wa s locate dusin g 22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-28-92/RJT 2- 4

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s th e surfac e trac e fro mBehre' s (1953 ) geologi c map an da7 8 ° W di p take n fro mcross section s b y Emmon s e t

al . (1927 ) an dThompso n (1974) . Th e mappe dsurfac e feature s wer e fiel dchecked , an dth e geologi c interpretatio n wa s confirme dwith surfac e geophysica l methods . Wel l BBW- 4 Wel l BBW- 4 i s locate d1,75 0 fee t southeas t

o f th e Ya k Tunne l an d22 5 fee t

wes t o f th e approximat e trac e o f

th e Westo n Fault . Th e positio n o f th e BBW- 4 dril l sit e wa s locate d usin g th e approximatel y 7 8 ° W di p o f th e Westo n Fault . Thi s di p i s base do n work withi n th e Yak

Tunne l indicate di n cross-section s b y Emmon s e t al . (1927 ) an d Thompso n (1974 ) i n conjunctio n wit h th e surfac e trac e o f th e wes t branc h o f

th e Westo n Fault , recentl y mappe db y ASARC O personne l usin g intercept s i n dril l hole s an dmin e workings . Th e mappe dsurfac e feature s wer e fiel dchecked , an dth e geologi c interpretatio n wa s confirme dwith surfac e geophysical methods . Wel l BBW- 5 Wel l BBW- 5 i s locate dnear th e northeas t

en do f th e Yak Tunnel , approximatel y 2,50 0 fee t

southwes t

o f th e Diamon dShaf

t an d1,50 0 fee t northwes t

o f th e Yak Tunnel . Thi s dril l site i s locate dwes t o f th e Resurrectio n min e working s nea r th e botto mo f Evan s Gulch . Wel l BBW- 5 i s intende dt o monito r wate r level s i n th e vicinit

y o f th e upgradien t (northeast ) terminu s o f

th e Yak Tunnel . Th e dril l site 5 area , unlike th e othe r propose d dril l sit e areas , i s no t

crosse db y amajo r

faul t zone . Base do n th e availabl e data , only moderate - an dminor-size dfault s wer e identifie di n th e dril l site 5 area . Th e borehol e at dril l sit e 5 wa s locate dt o intercep t inferre dnortheast-strikin g mino r fault s associate d with th e Silent

Frien dFault . Th e geologi c interpretatio n wa s confirme dwith surfac e geophysica l methods .

22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-28-92/RPT 2- 5

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Propose dWel l BBW- 6 Th e propose dsite o f

Wel l BBW- 6 i s locate dalon g th e Bal l Mountai n Faul t approximatel y 3,500 fee t northwes t

o f th e to p o f

Bal l Mountai n (Res-ASARC O 1990a) . Thi s locatio n i s currentl y withi n an are ao f piezometri c surfac e depressio n cause db y pumpin g fro mth e Blac k Clou dMine . I t

ha s bee n indicate dtha t

wate r level s i n th e are a o f th e propose dBBW- 6 locatio n ar e probabl y 2,50 0 fee t belo w th e groun dsurface , whic h place s i t wel l belo w th e elevatio n o f th e Yak Tunne l (Mr . Chuc k

Klimper , pers . comm . 1990) . Therefore , th e specifi c locatio n an dinstallatio n o f thi s piezomete r

will b e deferre dunti l suc h tim e a s pumpin g cease s i n th e Blac k Clou dMine . Wel l BBW- 7 Wel l BBW- 7 i s locate dapproximatel y 35 0 fee t sout h o f th e Ya k Tunne l porta l an d 50 0 fee t northeas t

o f Californi aGulch . Th e BBW- 7 dril l site wa s locate dusin g th e subsurfac e geometr y an dthicknes s o f th e Iro n Faul t

zon e reporte db y Emmon s e t al . (1927 ) an dth e surfac e trac e o f th e faul t mappe db y Behr e (1953) . Th e mappe dsurfac e feature s wer e fiel dchecked , andthe geologi c interpretatio n was confirme dwith surfac e geophysical methods . 2. 4 SURFAC E GEOPHYSIC S Surfac e geophysical method s wer e use di n connectio n with optimizin g fina l placemen t o f eac h Yak

Tunne l monitorin g well . Th e decisio n t o utiliz e geophysic s wa s mad e afte r initial monitorin g wel l site s wer e selected , an davailabl e subsurfac e informatio n reviewed . Becaus e o f

th e technical challeng e o f drillin g eac h monitorin g wel l int o subsurfac e faul t

zone s t o depth s o f

400-1200 feet , an dconsiderin g th e uncertainty o f subsurfac e faul t

orientation s a

t each site , apruden t

recommendatio n fo r

additional subsurfac e characterizatio n wa s made . Surfac e geophysical survey s wer e designe dt o obtai n additiona l subsurfac e informatio n an dai destimatio n o f th e degre e o f

faultin g an d th e orientatio n an ddi p o f fracture zone s at

each monitorin g wel l site . A t aminimum , th e geophysical result s wer e intende dt o allo w bette r extrapolation s o f

th e faul t zone s t o depth , i n compariso n t o thos e mad e solel y with th e previousl y availabl e site information . 22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-2&-92/RPT 2- 6

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Severa l surfac e geophysica l method s wer e use dt o obtai n near-surfac e informatio n a s wel l a s deepe r

informatio n o n faul t

zon e orientation . Th e method s include d electromagnetic s (EM) , ver y lo w frequenc y (VLF) , electrica l resistivity soundings , an d high-resolutio n seismi c reflectio n (HRSR) . 2.4. 1 Electromagneti c Survey s E M survey s wer e conducte dat al l propose dmonitorin g wel l site s t o obtai n near-surfac e (uppe r 100-feet) informatio n o n faulting . E M method s provid e arapi dmean s o f measurin g th e electrical conductivity o f subsurfac e soi l an drock . Th e E M metho d involve s th e inductio n o f a n electrica l curren t

int o th e earth . A time-varyin g magneti c fiel di s generate db y atransmitte r coil tha t

induce s acurren t

int o th e ground . A secondar y fiel di s generate db y th e primar y fiel ddu e t o subsurfac e conductivity variations , an di s measure db y areceive r coil . Change s i n magnitud e an dphas e o f th e individua l current s ar e outpu t a s voltage s an ddirectl y relate dt o th e subsurfac e electrica l conductivity . Conductivit y i s afunctio n o f th e soi l o r

roc k composition , th e porosity an dpermeabilit y o f th e subsurfac e units , an dth e conductivit y o f th e fluid s fillin g th e por e spaces . A s a result , E M can b e ausefu l too l fo r assessin g latera l variation s i n soil o r rock , faultin g relationships , an dth e relativ e degre e o f flui dsaturation . Individua l conductivity value s ar e no t necessaril y diagnosti c i n themselves , bu t th e variation s i n conductivity , both laterall y an dvertically , ar e significant . E M technique s respon dt o subsurfac e electrica l conductors , an dthu s thi n resistiv e zone s withi n conductiv e material s ma y hav e littl e o r n o effec t o n th e EM response . However , i n area s o f hig h resistivit

y suc h a s th e Leadvill e area , seemingl y mino r

variation s i n th e conductivity can becom e significant . 2.42 Very Lo w Frequency (VLF ) Survey s VLFwa s conducte da

t al l monitorin g wel l site s to correlate wit h th e EM data , an dto ai dnear-surfac e contro l o f faulting . VLFmethod s measure variou s component s o f th e electromagneti c fiel dgenerate db y existin g militar y radi o transmitter s use dfo r long distanc e communication . A primary electromagneti c fiel di s generate db y th e transmitte r horizontall y wit

h afrequenc y o f

1 5 kH z to 3 0 kHz . Thi s fiel dconsist s o f avertical fiel d 22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-28-92/RJ T 2- 7

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s componen t

an dahorizonta l fiel dcomponent , althoug h th e horizonta l fiel ddominate s i n aunifor mo r

homogeneou s earth . A secondar y fiel di s create dove r area s i n whic h th e primar y fiel dpropagate s alon g aboundar y separatin g tw o differen t resistivities . Thi s secondar y fiel dwil l caus e fluctuation s i n th e loca l horizonta l an dvertica l fiel dstrengths , whic h ar e measure db y th e VL Finstrument . Collectio n o f VL Fra w dat ainvolve s th e measuremen t

o f th e real an dimaginary component s o f th e comple x rati o betwee n th e vertica l an dhorizonta l electromagneti c fields . Dat aar e ofte n displaye da s apercentag e o f th e horizonta l an dvertica l fiel dstrength ratio . Becaus e o f th e characteristic s i t measures , VL Fcan b e an effectiv e too l fo r locatin g water-bearin g fractur e zone s i n crystallin e rock . VL Fwa s conducte da t

al l monitorin g wel l site s t o correlat e with th e E M data , an dt o ai dnear-surfac e contro l o f faulting . 2.4. 3 Resistivit y Sounding s Resistivit y surrounding s wer e applie da t monitorin g wel l site 1 , usin g electrical , o r direc t curren t (DC ) resistivit y soundings , whic h allo w th e measuremen t o f subsurfac e soi l o r roc k resistivities . A D C resistivit y sounding , usin g th e Schlumberge r electrod e array , provide s sufficien t

informatio n t o estimat e aresistivity versu s dept h profile . D C resistivit y usin g th e Schlumberge r array involve s inducin g electrical curren t int o th e groun dusin g apai r

o f surfac e electrodes . Th e resultin g potentia l fiel d(voltage ) i s measure da t

th e groun dsurfac e betwee n asecon dpai r o f electrodes . Subsurfac e resistivitie s are calculate dfro mthe separatio n andgeometr y of the electrod e positions , th e applie dcurrent , an dth e measure dvoltage . I n general , soi l an droc k ac t a s electrical insulator s an dare , therefore , highl y resistive . Th e flo w o f

curren t i s conducte dprimaril y throug h moisture-fille dpor e spaces . Thu s resistivity (th e invers e o f conductivity ) i s afunctio n o f th e sam e parameter s a s tha t o f conductivity , an dwater-bearin g fractur e zone s are seen a s resistivit y lows .

22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-28-92/RP T 2- 8

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 

# I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 2.4. 4 Hig h Resolutio n Seismi c Reflectio n 

### HRS Rsurvey s wer e conducte dat monitorin g wel l site s 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 an d7 t o obtai n deepe r informatio n o n faul t

zon e orientations . HRS Rhas , i n recen t years , bee n applie dt o shallo w (les s tha n 150

0 feet ) subsurfac e investigation s fo r environmenta l an dengineerin g applications . Shallo w application s o f th e metho dinvolve s scalin g dow n o f al l dat a acquisitio n parameter s i n compariso n t o thos e commonl y use di n traditiona l oi l an dga s exploration . Thi s scaling dow n o f al l parameter s however , potentiall y complicate s problem s no t

generall y significan t

wit h deepe r

targets . Thes e problem s includ e near surfac e seismi c nois e an dground-roll , sensitivit y t o surfac e static s (elevatio n an dnear surfac e velocity variations) , an dsensitivity t o recordin g filters . A s aresult , th e succes s o f aHRS Rsurve y i s ofte n sit e dependent . HRS Rcan , unde r favorabl e subsurfac e condition s (i.e. , existin g seismi c velocity contrast s betwee n shear zone s an dunfaulte d units) , produc e adiagnosti c pictur e o f th e subsurfac e orientatio n o f th e faul t zone . Th e seismi c reflectio n metho dconsist s o f generatin g an acousti c wav e sourc e near th e groun dsurfac e an drecordin g acousti c wave s that are reflecte dfro msubsurfac e layer s an dfaul t zones , o r an y interfac e i n whic h ameasurabl e seismi c velocity contras t exists . Reflecte dacousti c wave s ar e detecte db y geophone s an drecorde do n aseismograph . HRS Rsurvey s commonl y us e th e Commo n Depth Poin t (CDP ) techniqu e o f

dat a collectio n whic h allow s resolutio n o f seismi c reflectio n event s tha t hav e lo w signal-to nois e (S/N ) ratios . Utilizin g th e CD P method , reflectio n point s i n th e subsurfac e ar e recorde dfro mmultipl e offset s at differen t sourc e an dreceive r

pairs . Thi s multiplicity o f dat a(commonl y denote d"fold" ) allow s u s t o stac k reflectio n energ y together , increasin g th e S/N ratio . 2. 5 HISTORICA L RESOURCE S SURVEY 

### Numerou s histori c site s an dartifac t location s ar e scattere dthroughou t th e Leadvill e District . Sinc e th e disturbanc e o f histori c site s b y drillin g activitie s i s no t permitted , histori c resource s survey s were performe da t al l o f th e propose ddril l sit

e areas . Foothill s Engineerin g Consultants , Inc . personnel , archeological consultant s to Res-ASARCO , identifie dth e histori c resourc e surve y area s show n i n Figure 2- 1 a s bein g devoi do f histori c resources . Historica l resource s were identifie dalon g th e acces s t o 22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-28-92/RP T 2- 9

### * Woodward-Clyd e t Consultant s 

# 1

• Dril l Sit e 7 . Res-ASARC O receive dpermissio n fro mth e Colorad o Stat e Historica l

Preservatio n Offic e t o cros s th e identifie darea . 

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 22907A-22327/R2. 2 02-28-92/RP T 2-1 0I I I I I I I i I I I I i I I I f I I . Woodward-Clyd e Consultant s -- .

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LEGEN D M j PIEZOMETER/MONITORIN G WEL L LOCATIO N / APPROXIMAT E LIMI T O F MIN E WORKING S S CONNECTE D T O YA KTUNNE L MA P FRO M BEHRE , 195 3 0 1000 20O O

5=^=E

= SCAL E I N FEE T 400 0 Jo b No . 22327-710 3 D.B . 1/9/9 1 PROPOSE D PIEZOMETER/MONITORIN G WEL L LOCATION S 2. 1

# I I I I 

# i i i i i i I i 

# i i i t i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 3. 0 INSTALLATIO N O F BBW- 1 3. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y Th e drillin g o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 1 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar dOperatin g Procedur e (SOP

) No . 2 2 - Groundwate r Piezometer/Monitorin g Well Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summar y o f th e BBW-0 1 drillin g follows . Figure 3- 1 show s geologi c an dwel l completio n logs . Borehol e drillin g fo r

Monitorin g Wel l BBW- 1 starte do n Septembe r 9 , 199 1 an dcor e drillin g a t th e botto mo f

th e hol e wa s finishe do n Septembe r 12 , 1991 . Surfac e casin g wa s installe dt o 2 0 fee t

belo w groun dsurfac e usin g th e ai r rotary drillin g metho dan d a20.5-inc h diamete r

tricon e bit . Th e mai n bor e fro mth e botto mo f th e surfac e casin g t o 90 3 fee t

wa s drille db y th e rotar y dual-wal l ai r reverse-circulatio n metho dwit h a downhol e hamme r

an da n 8.5-inch diamete r bit . Th e lowe r

part o f th e hole , betwee n 90 3 fee t an dth e tota l depth o f

91 4 feet , wa s drille dwith a6-inc h outsid e diamete r (OD ) diamon dcorin g bi t

with a15-foot-lon g core barrel , usin g ai r an dwate r

a s th e drillin g fluid . Ai r rotar y drillin g fo r

th e surfac e casing wa s accomplishe dwithou t difficulty . Th e drillin g o f

th e mai n part

o f th e borehol e with th e reverse-circulatio n downhol e hamme r proceede dnormally , excep t tha t th e downhol e hamme r ice du p an dcease dworkin g severa l times . Th e hamme r wa s pulle du p 2 0 fee t

o r les s fro mth e botto mo f th e hol e an dwa s allowe dt o tha w befor e proceedin g with drilling . Cor e drillin g wa s successfu l an dal l o f

th e 11-foo

t core ru n wa s recovered . 3 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S A summar y o f

th e geologi c condition s encountere di n th e BBW- 1 borehol e follows . Detaile dgeologi c informatio n i s containe di n Appendi x A - Fiel dBorin g Logs .

22907A-22327/R2. 3 02-05-92/RP T 3- 1

# I 

# 1 I t i 

# i i t i i i i i 1 i t i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Th e BBW- 1 borehol e i s locate dadjacen t t o th e Pilo t

Faul t withi n o r

near th e Breec e Hil l stock . Th e firs t

1 0 fee t o f th e hol e wer e drille di n acolluviu mo f weathere droc k o f th e Gra y Porphyr y group . Th e remainde r o f th e hole , t o atota l dept h o f 91 4 fee t belo w groun dsurface , wa s drille di n th e Gra y Porphyry o f th e Breec e Hill stock . Th e porphyr y i s moderatel y t o intensel y altere dt o sericit e throughou t th e lengt

h o f th e borehole . Some mino r

argilli c alteratio n occur s locall y i n conjunctio n with th e sericiti c alteration . Disseminate dpyrit e i s ubiquitous , formin g 1 % t o 5 % o f th e roc k volume , an d a s muc h a s 15 % pyrit e occur s locally . Fracture coating s o f pyrit e an dveinlet s o f

pyrit e an dquart z wer e als o observe dlocally . Severa l fault s wer e indicate ddurin g drillin g b y an increase dconten t o f clay an dfine s i n th e dril l cuttings . Onl y thre e suc h apparentl y faulte dinterval s wer e encountere dfro m 1 0 t o 88 0 fee t

belo w groun dsurface . Limonite (oxidation ) doe s no t occu r i n th e apparen t fracture s belo w 43 0 feet . On e fractur e occurrin g at 89 5 fee t ha da3-inc h ope n spac e tha t th e dril l strin g penetrate dwithou t hammering . Dril l core fro mth e 90 3 t o 91 4 foo t interva l exhibit s numerou s smal l fractures . 3. 3 SELECTIO N O F SCREENED INTERVA L Wate r productio n wa s recorde ddurin g drillin g b y measurin g th e amoun t o f wate r produce db y ai r

lifting . Beginnin g at

72 5 fee t belo w th e surface , wate r productio n wa s measure dever

y 2 0 feet . I n addition , specifi c conductivity wa s measure di n th e produce d water . Approximatel y thre e gallon s pe r minut e o f

wate r wa s produce dunti l adepth o f 90 5 fee t whe n th e flo w increase dt o approximatel y 4. 5 gallon s per minute . Th e specifi c conductivity als o increase di n th e sampl e a t 90 5 feet . Th e followin g downhol e geophysical log s wer e ru n i n BBW-1 : Temperatur e - flui dresistivit y 16"-64 " normal resistivity , S P andI P Calipe r Full wave-formsoni c Gamm aan dneutro n

22907A-22327/R2. 3 02-05-92/RP T 3- 2

# c i i t i t 

# i I I i i § 

# i i i i i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Borehol e deviatio n Acousti c televiewer Th e result s o f

drilling , wate r

measurement s an ddownhol e geophysic s suggeste dth e presenc e o f

significan t

fracture zone s a

t approximatel y 85 5 fee t

an d90 5 feet . Th e acousti c televiewer , caliper an dtemperature\flui dresistivity log s showe dth e fractur e zone s mos t

clearly . Base do n thes e data , th e screene dinterval wa s selecte dt o b e 86 0 to 90 0 feet . Th e filte r

pac k zon e wa s extende dbelo w th e screen to capture water fro m th e fracture zon e at

90 5 feet . Th e filter

pac k wa s als o extende d1 0 fee t abov e th e screene dinterva l t o captur e flo w fro mth e fractur e zon e at 85 5 feet . 3. 4 WEL L COMPLETIO N 

### Th e installatio n o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 1 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar d Operatin g Procedur e (SOP ) No . 2 2 - Groundwate r Piezometer/Monitorin g Wel l Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summary o f th e BBW- 1 wel l installatio n follows . More detaile dwel l installatio n dat aare presente di n Appendi x D - Well Completio n Logs . Subsurfac e installatio n o f monitorin g wel l BBW- 1 commence do n Septembe r 12 , 1991 . Th e tremi e pip e an dwel l constructio n material s wer e decontaminate dprio r t o wel l installatio n accordin g t o SO P No . 1 - Decontamination . Th e tremi e pip e wa s lowere d dow n th e ope n hol e t o adepth o f 90 0 feet . Fort

y fee t o f 2-inc h ID , 0.05-inch slot , wir e wound , channe l packe dstainles s stee l scree n wa s use dfo r thi s well . Th e wel l scree n wa s cappe do n th e bottom , attache dt o th e well casing , an dse t at adept h o f 90 0 t o 86 0 fee t belo w groun dsurface . Th e lowe r part o f th e well casing consist s o f 52 0 fee t o f flush threade d2-inch ID Schedul e 1 0 stainles s stee l casing . The uppe r 34 0 fee t o f wel l casing consist s o f

flush-threade d2-inc h ID Schedul e 8 0 low-carbo n stee l pipe . Centralizer s wer e place dat

th e to p an dth e botto mo f th e well screen , an dat

approximatel y 100-foot interval s alon g th e lengt

h o f th e wel l casing . Neithe r th e tremi e pip e no r

th e wel l screen/casin g encountere dany obstruction s a s the y were lowere ddow n th e open hole . Th e 8 X 1 2 mes h Colorad o Silic aSandfilter pac k wa s installe dfro m91 4 to 84 8 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e b y pumpin g th e san ddow n th e tremi e pip e with potabl e water . 22907A-22327fll2. 3 02-05-92/W T 3- 3

# i i I l i t i i I ft i i 

# I i f i i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dincrementall y a s th e filte r pac k leve l wa s raised . Th e bentonit e sea

l wa s emplace dbetwee n 84 8 an d72 1 fee t b y pumpin g amixtur e o f

3/8-inc h bentonit e chip s an dpotabl e wate r dow n th e tremi e pip e an dincrementall y raisin g th e tremi e a s th e bentonit e sea l leve l wa s raised . Th e grou t compositio n use di n th e borehol e annulu s consist s o f approximatel y 3 5 100-l

b bag s o f Typ e V Portlan dcement , on e 50-l b ba g o f bentonit e powder , an don e 80-l b ba g o f calciumchlorid e pellet s mixe dwit h potabl e wate r

to produc e approximatel y 40 0 gallon s o f grout . Th e firs t

lif t o f grou t wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e an dallowe d t o harde n over

th e fou r day shif t break . Th e remainin g grou t wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e i n 40 0 gallo n batches . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dafte r th e pumpin g o f

eac h batc h o f grout . Afte r

th e grou t

hardened , th e annulu s wa s toppe dof f with additiona l grou t an daprotectiv e surfac e casing with lockin g ca p wa s installed . Th e subsurfac e wel l constructio n activitie s wer e complete do n September 17 , 1991 . Th e morta

r collar , mortar blanket , an dstee l guar dpost s wer e installe dat alate r date . Th e wel l casin g an dscree n ha s bee n subsequentl y teste dfo r straightnes s an dpossibl e damag e b y passin g abailer throug h th e entir e length . N o problem s wer e encountere d i n th e baile r

test . Th e locatio n an delevatio n o f th e wel l hav e bee n surveye d(se e Appendi x E) .

22907A-22327/M. 3 02-28-92/RP T 3- 4GEOLOGI C LO G WEL L COMPLETIO N ALTERATIO N AN D MINERALIZATIO N FAULT S AN D FRACTURE S LITHOLOG Y —i QUATERNAR Y COLLUVIU M

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b y : D.X.B . Dat e : 11/14/9 1 GEOLOGI C AN D WEL L r * ^ \ L j r* t i ^T I ^

k i i f \ o c * COMPLETIO N LOG S BBW- 1 YA KTUNNE L OPERABL E UNI T ^ ^ FIG . 3- 1

# I I I i i i i i i i i i i i I i § i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 4. 0 INSTALLATIO N O F BBW- 2 4. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y 

### Th e drillin g o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 2 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar dOperatin g Procedur e (SOP) No . 2 2 - Groundwater Piezometer/Monitorin g Well Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summar y o f th e BBW- 2 drillin g follows . Borehol e drillin g fo r

Monitorin g Wel l BBW- 2 starte do n Octobe r 16 , 199 1 an dwa s finishe do n Octobe r

17 , 1991 . Surfac e casin g wa s installe dt o 2 0 fee t belo w groun d surfac e usin g th e ai r

rotary drillin g metho dan da20.5-inch diamete r tricon e bit . Th e mai n bor e fro mth e botto mo f th e surfac e casin g t o 44 2 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e wa s drille db y th e rotar y dual-wal l ai r reverse-circulatio n metho dwith adownhol e hamme r an dan 8.5-inch diamete r

bit . Fro madepth o f

44 2 fee t t o 45 1 feet , th e hol e wa s drille d with 6-inc h O D diamon dcorin g bi t with a15-foot

lon g core barrel , usin g ai r an dwate r as the drillin g fluid . Afte r

the core barre l was removed , the reverse-circulatio n downhol e hamme r wa s installe dagai n an dth e hol e wa s drille dt o total dept h o f 47 5 feet . Ai r rotar y drillin g fo r

th e surfac e casin g wa s accomplishe dwithou t difficulty . Th e reverse-circulatio n downhol e hamme r drillin g proceede dnormally . Th e core drillin g rat e wa s very slow , an ddownwar dprogres s cease dafte r 8. 5 fee t o f drilling . Th e roc k materia l extracte dfro mth e core barre l wa s broke n int o angula r fragment s with lon g dimension s o f

several inches . Approximatel y 50 % to 75 % o f th e 8.5-foo t

core ru n wa s recovered . 4. 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S 

### A summary o f

th e geologi c condition s encountere di n th e BBW- 2 borehol e follows . Detaile dgeologi c informatio n i s containe di n Appendi x A - Fiel dBorin g Logs . Th e BBW- 2 borehol e i s locate dadjacen t t o th e Pilo t

Faul t withi n o r nea r th e Breec e Hill stock . Th e firs t

1 5 fee t o f th e hol e were drille di n acolluviumo f weathere droc k 22907A-22327/R2. 4 02-05-92/RPT 4- 1

# I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s

o f th e Gray Porphyry group . Th e remainde r o f th e hole , to atotal depth o f 47 5 feet , wa s drille di n th e Gray Porphyry . Th e porphyry i s moderatel y t o intensel y altere dt o sericit e throughou t

th e lengt h o f th e hole . Some mino r

argilli c alteratio n occur s locall y i n conjunctio n wit

h th e sericiti c alteration . Disseminate dpyrit e i s ubiquitous , formin g 1 t o 5 percen t

o f th e roc k volume , with greate r

amount s t o abou t

15 % occurrin g locally . Fractur e coatin g o f

pyrit e an dveinlet s a s pyrit e an dquart z wer e als o observe dlocally . Severa l faulte darea s were indicate ddurin g drillin g b y an increase dconten t o f cla y an d fine s i n th e dril l cuttings . Thre e suc h fault s occur i n th e interval fro m13 0 to 17 0 fee t belo w groun dsurface , an dfou r fault s appea

r t o occur betwee n 35 0 an d40 5 feet . Th e are abetwee n 43 0 an d44 5 fee t appear s t o b e strongl y fractured , a s indicate db y larg e angula r fragment s i n th e dril l cuttings . Limonite (oxidation ) doe s no t appea r t o occur belo w 38 5 fee t

i n th e borehole . Th e core dinterva l fro m44 2 to 45 1 fee t

ha s small , open fracture s o f

variabl e orientatio n occurrin g ever y fe w inche s alon g th e surfac e o f th e core . Slickenside s are commo n i n th e core . 4. 3 SELECTIO N O F SCREENE D INTERVA L 

### Wate r productio n wa s recorde ddurin g drillin g b y measurin g th e amoun t o f wate r produce db y ai r

lifting . Beginnin g at

34 5 fee t belo w th e surface , wate r

productio n wa s measure dever

y 2 0 feet . I n addition , specifi c conductivit y an dp H wer e measure di n th e produce dwater . Approximatel y fiv e gallon s per minut e o f

wate r wa s produce dat

34 5 feet . Flo w increase dgraduall y t o eight gallon s per

minute at

42 5 feet . A t

44 5 fee t th e flo w increase dto approximatel y 2 3 gallon s per minute . Th e specifi c conductivit y decrease dfro m27 0 uS/c m(equivalent to umhos/cm ) i n th e sampl e a t 42 5 fee t to 25 3 uS/c mi n th e sampl e fro m44 5 feet . Th e followin g downhol e geophysica l log s were run i n BBW-2 : Temperature - flui dresistivit y 

### 16"-64 " normal resistivity , S P andI P Caliper Full wave-formsoni c 22907A-22327/R2. 4 02-24-92/RP T 4- 2

# I I I 

# i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Borehol e deviatio n Acousti c televiewer Th e result s o f

drilling , wate r

measurement s an ddownhol e geophysic s suggeste dth e presenc e o f

numerou s fracture s fro mapproximatel y 35 0 t o 45 0 feet . Th e acousti c televiewe r an dcaliper

log s showe dazon e o f

fracture s fro m42 0 t o 45 0 feet . Base do n thes e data , th e screene dinterval wa s selecte dt o b e 42 0 t o 46 0 feet . Th e filte r pac k wa s extende d1 0 fee t

abov e th e screene dinterval t o provid e protectio n o f th e screene d interva l fro mth e bentonit e seal . 4. 4 WEL L COMPLETIO N 

### Th e installatio n o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 2 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar d Operatin g Procedure (SOP ) No . 2 2 - Groundwater Piezometer/Monitorin g Wel l Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summary o f th e BBW- 2 wel l installatio n follows . Mor e detaile dwel l installatio n dat ai s presente di n Appendi x D - Well Completio n Logs . Subsurfac e installatio n o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 2 commence do n Octobe r 18,1991 . Th e tremi e pip e an dwel l constructio n material s wer e decontaminate dprio r t o wel l installatio n accordin g t o SO P No . 1 - Decontamination , an dwer e installe di n an ope n hole . Forty fee t

o f 2-inch ID , 0.05-inc

h slot , wire woun dstainles s stee l scree n wa s use d fo r thi s well . Th e well scree n wa s cappe do n th e bottom , attache dt o th e wel l casing , an dse t a t adepth o f

46 0 t o 42 0 fee t

belo w groun dsurface . Th e wel l casin g consist s o f 42 0 fee t o f flush-threade d2-inch ID Schedul e 1 0 stainles s stee l casing . Centralizer s were place da. t th e to p an dth e botto mo f th e well screen , an da

t approximatel y 100-foot interval s alon g th e lengt

h o f th e well casing . Neithe r th e tremi e pip e no r

th e wel l screen/casin g encountere dany obstruction s a s the y wer e lowere ddow n th e open hole . Th e 8 X 1 2 mes h Colorad o Silic aSan dfilte r pac k wa s installe dfro m47 5 to 40 8 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e b y pumpin g th e san ddow n th e tremi e pip e wit h potabl e water . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dincrementall y a s th e filter pac k level wa s raised . Th e bentonit e sea

l wa s emplace dbetwee n 40 8 an d31 4 fee t b y pumpin g amixture o f

3/8-inc h bentonit e chip s an dpotabl e wate r dow n th e tremi e pip e an dincrementall y raisin g th e tremi e a s th e bentonit e sea l level wa s raised . 22907A-22327/R2. 4 02-24-92/W T 4- 3

# I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Th e grou t compositio n use di n th e borehol e annulu s consist s o f approximatel y 3 5 100-l

b bag s o f Typ e V Portlan dcement , on e 50-l b ba g o f bentonit e powder , an don e 80-l b ba g o f calciu mchlorid e pellet s mixe dwit h potabl e wate r

t o produc e approximatel y 40 0 gallon s o f

grout . Th e firs t

lif t o f grou t wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e an d allowe dt o harde n fo r

2 4 hours . Th e remainin g grou t wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e i n 40 0 gallo n batches . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dafte r th e pumpin g o f

eac h batc h o f grout . Afte r

th e grou t

hardened , th e annulu s wa s toppe dof f with additiona l grou t

an d aprotectiv e surfac e casing with lockin g ca p wa s installed . Th e subsurfac e wel l constructio n activitie s wer e complete do n October 19 , 1991 . Th e mortar

collar , mortar blanket , an dstee l guar dpost s wer e installe dat alate r date . Th e wel l casin g an dscree n ha s bee n subsequentl y teste dfo r straightnes s an dpossibl e damag e b y passin g abaile r throug h th e entir e length . N o problem s wer e encountere d i n th e baile r

test . Th e locatio n an delevatio n o f th e wel l hav e bee n surveye d(se e Appendi x E) .

22907A-22327/R2. 4 02-28-92/RP T 4- 4Woodward-Clyd e Consultants -

GEOLOGI C LO G WEL L COMPLETIO N

QUATERNAR Y COLLUVIU M PORTLAN D CEMEN T GROU T 16 " I D SURFAC E CASIN G
PORTLAN D CEMEN T GROU T 2 " I D SCHEDLU E 1 0 STAINLES S STEE L CASIN G

BENTONIT E CHI P SEA L
FILTE R PAC K STAINLES S STEE L 5 0 SLO T CHANNE L PAC KSCREE N NATURA L COLLAPS E RUBBL E

SCALE : 1"=100 ' Jo b No . : Prepare d b y : Dat e : 2232 7

D.X.B. 11/14/9 1 GEOLOGI C AN D WEL L

COMPLETIO N LOG S BBW- 2 YA KTUNNE L OPERABL E UNI T ^ FIG . 4- 1

# I I I I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 5. 0 INSTALLATIO N O F BBW- 3 5. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y 

### Th e drillin g o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 3 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar dOperatin g Procedur e (SOP) No . 2 2 - Groundwate r Piezometer/Monitorin g Well Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summar y o f th e BBW- 3 drillin g follows . Borehol e drillin g fo r

Monitorin g Wel l BBW- 3 starte do n Octobe r 2 , 199 1 an dcor e drillin g at th e botto mo f

th e hol e wa s finishe do n Octobe r 4 , 1991 . Surfac e casin g wa s installe dt o 4 8 fee t

belo w groun dsurfac e usin g th e ai r rotar y drillin g metho dan da20.5 - inc h diamete r

tricon e bit . Th e mai n bor e fro mth e botto mo f th e surfac e casin g t o 78 5 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e wa s drille db y th e rotar y dual-wal l ai r reverse-circulatio n metho dwith adownhol e hamme r an dan 8.5-inc h diamete r bit . Th e lowe r

par t o f th e hole , betwee n 78 5 fee t

an dth e total depth o f

80 0 feet , wa s drille dwit h a6-inch O D diamon dcorin g bi t

with a15-foot-lon g cor e barrel , usin g ai r an dwate r

a s th e drillin g fluid . Ai r rotar y drillin g fo r

th e surfac e casing wa s accomplishe dwithou t difficulty . Drillin g th e mai n part

o f th e borehol e with th e revers e circulatio n downhol e hamme r proceede d normally , excep t

tha t th e downhol e hamme r

ice du p an dcease dworkin g several times . Th e hamme r

wa s trippe dou t

o f th e hol e th e firs t

tim e i t ice dup . Subsequen t

icin g wa s remedie db y injectin g 3 0 to 5 0 gallon s o f 15 % to 20 % calciumchlorid e solutio n int o th e dril l string . Cor

e drillin g wa s successfu l an dal l o f the 1 5 foo t

cor e run wa s recovered . 5. 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S 

### A summary o f

th e geologi c condition s encountere di n th e BBW- 3 borehol e follows . Detaile dgeologi c informatio n i s containe di n Appendi x A - Fiel dBorin g Logs . Th e BBW- 3 borehol e i s locate dadjacen t t o th e Westo n Faul t

i n an are anort

h o f th e Breec e Hill stock . Th e to p 6 0 fee t o f th e hol e were drille dthroug h Quaternary glacia l 22907A-22327/R2. 5 02-OS-92/RPT 5- 1

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s till . Th e remainde r

o f th e hol e wa s drille dthroug h Paleozoi c strat aan dTertiary porphyr y sills . Bot h th e Gra y Porphyr y grou p an dth e Pand o Porphyry ar e commo n i n th e borehole . Th e Gra y an dPand o porphyrie s compos e 30 % an d38 % o f th e drille d interva l respectively . Both o f th e porphyr y unit s ar e hav e moderat e t o stron g sericiti c alteration , an dth e Gra y Porphyry locally contain s mino r disseminate dpyrite . Paleozoi c unit s represente di n th e borehol e includ e th e Belde n Formation , th e Manito u Formation , th e Peerles s Formation , an dth e Sawatc h Quartzite . Th e Paleozoi c sectio n i s incomplet e i n th e borehole , possibl y du e t o displacemen t b y th e porphyry sills . Mino r fracture s appea

r t o occu r locall y throughou t

th e drille dinterval . Thes e fracture s can b e inferre dfro mth e increase dconten t o f clay an dfine s i n th e dril l cuttings , commonl y i n associatio n wit h an elevate dconcentratio n o f limonite . Limonite i s commo n abov e adepth o f 78 5 feet . Unusuall y larg e angula r fragment s i n th e dril l cutting s may als o indicat e fractures . Th e mos t significan t

faul t appear s t o occu r

at 75 5 feet , a t th e contac t

betwee n th e Sawatc h Quartzit e an dth e Gra y Porphyry . Th e core d interva l fro m78 5 t o 80 0 fee t ha s onl y thre e smal l partiall y ope n fractures . 5. 3 SELECTIO N O F SCREENE D INTERVA L Wate r productio n wa s recorde ddurin g drillin g b y measurin g th e amoun t o f wate r produce db y ai r

lifting . Beginnin g at

70 5 fee t belo w th e surface , wate r productio n wa s measure dever

y 2 0 feet . I n addition , specifi c conductivit y an dp H wer e measure di n th e produce dwater . Approximatel y tw o gallon s pe r minut e o f

wate r wa s produce dat

70 5 feet . Th e flo w increase dt o approximatel y 9 gallon s per minut e a

t 74 5 fee t an d1 2 gallon s pe r

minut e at

76 5 feet . Th e specifi c conductivity decrease da s th e wate r productio n increased . Th e followin g downhol e geophysica l log s wer e ru n i n BBW-3 : Temperatur e - flui dresistivit y 16"-64 " normal resistivity , S P andI P Caliper Ful l wave-formsoni c

22907A-22327/R2. 5 02-05-92/RPT 5- 2

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Borehol e deviatio n Acousti c televiewe r Th e result s o f

drilling , wate r

measurement s an ddownhol e geophysic s suggeste dth e presenc e o f

numerou s fracture s fro mapproximatel y 72 0 t o 75 0 feet . Th e acousti c televiewe r an dcaliper

log s showe dazon e o f

fracture s fro m72 0 t o 75 0 feet . Th e temperature/flui dresistivit y lo g showe dan increas e o f wate r a t approximatel y 73 0 feet . Base do n thes e data , th e screene dinterva l wa s selecte dto b e 74 0 to 78 0 feet . Th e filte r pac k wa s extende d2 5 fee t

abov e th e screene dinterval (t o 71 5 feet ) t o provid e protectio n o f

th e screene dinterva l fro mth e bentonit e sea l an dt o captur e flo w fro mth e fractur e zon e fro m72 0 t o th e to p o f th e screen . 5. 4 WEL L COMPLETIO N 

### Th e installatio n o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 3 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar d Operatin g Procedur e (SOP ) No . 2 2 - Groundwate r Piezometer/Monitorin g Wel l Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summar y o f th e BBW- 3 wel l installatio n follows . Mor e detaile dwel l installatio n dat ai s presente di n Appendi x D - Wel l Completio n Logs . Subsurfac e installatio n o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 3 commence do n October 5 , 1991 . Th e tremi e pip e an dwel l constructio n material s wer e decontaminate dprio r t o wel l installatio n accordin g t o SO P No . 1 - Decontamination . Th e tremi e pip e wa s lowere d dow n th e ope n hol e t o adept h o f 78 5 feet . Fort

y fee t o f 2-inc h ID , 0.02-inch slot , wire woun dstainles s stee l scree n wa s use dfo r thi s well . Th e wel l scree n wa s cappe do n th e bottom , attache dt o th e wel l casing , an dse t at adepth o f

78 0 t o 74 0 feet . Th e lower part o f the wel l casing consist s o f 34 0 fee t o f flush-threade d2-inch I

D Schedul e 1 0 stainles s stee l casing . The uppe r 40 0 fee t o f wel l casing consist s o f

flush-threade d2-inc h I D Schedul e 8 0 low-carbo n stee l pipe . Centralizer s wer e place da t th e to p an dth e botto mo f th e well screen , an da

t approximatel y 100-foot

interval s alon g th e lengt h o f th e wel l casing . Neithe r

th e tremi e pip e no r

th e well screen/casin g encountere dan y obstruction s a s the y wer e lowere ddow n th e ope n hole . Th e lowe r

part o f th e hole , fro m80 0 fee t t o approximatel y 78 5 fee t belo w groun d surface , wa s fille dwith natural material tha t sloughe dof

f th e wall o f

th e borehole . On e 22907A-22327/R2. 5 02-05-92/RPT 5- 3

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s bag o f 3/8-inch bentonite chip s wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e wit h potabl e water

to backfil l an dsea

l th e hol e belo w th e screene dinterval . Th e to p o f th e bentonite/rubbl e backfil l wa s tagge dwith th e tremi e pip e at adepth o f

78 6 fee t belo w groun dsurface . Th e 8 X 1 2 mes h Colorad o Silic aSan dfilte r pac k wa s installe dfro m78 6 to 71 5 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e b y pumpin g th e san ddow n th e tremi e pip e with potabl e water . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dincrementall y a s th e filter pac k leve l wa s raised . Th e bentonit e sea

l wa s emplace dbetwee n 71 5 an d61 5 fee t b y pumpin g amixtur e o f

3/8-inch bentonit e chip s an dpotabl e wate r dow n th e tremi e pip e an dincrementall y raisin g th e tremi e a s th e bentonit e sea l leve l wa s raised . Th e grou t compositio n use di n th e borehol e annulu s consist s o f approximatel y 3 5 100-l

b bag s o f Typ e V Portlan dcement , on e 50-l b ba g o f bentonit e powder , an don e 80-l b ba g o f calciu mchlorid e pellet s mixe dwith potabl e wate r t o produc e approximatel y 40 0 gallon s o f

grout . Th e firs t

lif t o f grou t wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e an d allowe dt o harde n fo r

2 4 hours . Th e remainin g grou t wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e i n 40 0 gallo n batches . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dafte r th e pumpin g o f

eac h batc h o f grout . Afte r

th e grou t

hardened , th e annulu s wa s toppe dof f with additiona l grou t

an d aprotectiv e surfac e casin g with lockin g ca p wa s installed . Th e subsurfac e wel l constructio n activitie s were complete do n October 7 , 1991 . Th e morta

r collar , morta

r blanket , an dstee l guar dpost s wer e installe dat alate r date . Th e wel l casin g an dscree n ha s bee n subsequentl y teste dfo r straightnes s an dpossibl e damag e b y passin g abailer throug h th e entire length . N o problem s were encountere d i n th e bailer

test . Th e locatio n an delevatio n o f th e well hav e bee n surveye d(se e Appendi x E) .

22907A-22327/M. J 02-28-92/RP T 5- 4GEOLOGI C LO G WEL L COMPLETIO N A l TFRATIH N AM H "" ^ MINERALIZATIO N FAULT S AN D 1 FRACTURE S IJTHOLOG Y —i

1 QUATERNARY COLLUVIU M

KPAND O PORPHYR

Y

R P BELDE N FM . KPAND O PnRPUYP Y rWRrrlTU T TERTIAR Y GRA Y PORPHYRY GROU P

D DYE R OOLOMITE(? ) D PARTIN G QUARTZITE(? ) TERTIAR Y GRA Y PORPHYR

Y GROU P 0 PARTIN G QUARTZrTE(? ) TERTIAR Y GRA Y PORPHYR

Y GROU P J

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Jo b No . : 2232 7 Prepare d b y : D.X.B . Dat e : 11/14/9 1 ^-16 " I D SURFAC E CASIN G

^ — 2 " I D SCHEDUL E 8 0 ^ STEE L CASIN G
,^ —PORTLAN D CEMENT •^"^ GROU T

^ ^ —f I D SCHEDLU E 1 0 ^" ^ STAINLES S STEE L CASIN G

^—BENTONIT E CHI P SEA L
.^ - FILTE R PAC K ^^ ir STAINLES S STEE L 2 0 SLO T WIR E WRA P SCREE N

—BENTONITE CHI P BACKFIL L GEOLOGI C AN D WEL L COMPLETIO N LOG S BBW- 3 YA KTUNNE L OPERABL E UNI T £ * FIG . 5- 1

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 6. 0 INSTALLATIO N O F BBW- 4 6. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMAR Y 

### Th e drillin g o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 4 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar dOperatin g Procedur e (SOP ) No . 2 2 - Groundwate r Piezometer/Monitorin g Wel l Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summar y o f th e BBW- 4 drillin g follows . Borehol e drillin g fo r

Monitorin g Wel l BBW- 4 starte do n Septembe r 1 8 199 1 an dcor e drillin g at th e botto mo f

th e hol e wa s finishe do n Septembe r 23 , 1991 . Surfac e casin g wa s installe dt o 1 9 fee t

belo w groun dsurfac e usin g th e ai r rotar y drillin g metho dan d a20.5-inc h diamete r

tricon e bit . Th e mai n bor e fro mth e botto mo f th e surfac e casin g t o 122 4 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e wa s drille db y th e rotar y dual-wal l ai r reverse-circulatio n metho dwit h adownhol e hamme r an da8.5-inch diamete r

bit . Th e lowe r par t o f th e hole , fro m122

4 fee t t o th e tota l dept h o f

122 7 feet , wa s drille dwit h a6-inc h O D diamon dcorin g bi t with a15-foot-lon g core barrel , usin g ai r an dwate r

a s th e drillin g fluid . Ai r rotar y drillin g fo r

th e surfac e casin g wa s accomplishe dwithou t difficulty . Drillin g th e mai n part

o f th e borehol e with th e reverse-circulatio n downhol e hamme r proceede d normally , excep t

tha t th e downhol e hamme r

ice du p at

approximatel y 28 5 belo w groun d surface . Th e hamme r

wa s trippe dou t

o f th e hol e t o tha w befor e drillin g wa s resumed . Drillin g wa s intermittentl y delaye dat depth s belo w 55 0 fee t

becaus e wate r

storag e an d transport capacit y wa s insufficien t

t o handl e th e larg e quantitie s o f wate r produce db y drillin g i n th e aquifer . Du e t o th e depth o f th e hol e an dth e larg e quantitie s o f wate r produced , a

n auxiliar y compressor

wa s attache da

t approximately 107

0 feet . Cor

e drillin g proceede dquickl y fo r th e firs t foo t o f drilling , bu t

slowe dabruptl y an dreache d refusa l at les s tha n thre e fee t

fro mth e startin g point . Approximatel y 2 fee t o f th e core wa s recovered . Afte r th e core barre l wa s remove dfro mth e hole , awirelin e lowere dt o chec k th e conditio n o f

th e hol e foun dth e hol e t o b e obstructe dat adepth o f

85 0 feet . A 22907A-22327/R2. 6 02-05-92/RP T 6- 1

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s 7-7/8-inc h tricon e bit

trippe dint o the hol e was unsuccessfu l in drillin g throug h the obstruction . Th e tricon e bi t wa s trippe dout , an dan 8-inc h O D open-fac e dril l bi t wa s the n trippe dint o th e hole . Th e ope n fac e bi t go t throug h th e obstructio n at 85 0 feet , bu t los t circulatio n at

90 0 feet . Th e ope n fac e bi t wa s trippe dou t

o f th e hol e an dth e 7-7/8-inc h tricon e bi t

wa s trippe dbac k

int o th e hole . Th e tricon e bi t drille dthroug h newl y collapse dmateria l t o adepth o f 89 5 feet , wher e circulatio n wa s lost . Th e tricon e bi t wa s trippe dbac k

u p th e hol e an dth e ope n fac e bi t wa s onc e again trippe dint o th e hole . Obstruction s a

t 79 0 an d90 0 fee t

were remove dwit

h th e open fac e bi t

an dth e hol e wa s cleare dt o adept h o f 120 5 feet . Th e bi t

wa s pulle du p t o adept h o f 99 5 fee t t o allo w geophysica l loggin g an dth e installatio n o f th e well . 6. 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S 

### A summar y o f

th e geologi c condition s encountere di n th e BBW- 4 borehol e follows . Detaile dgeologi c informatio n i s containe di n Appendi x A - Fiel dBorin g Logs . Th e BBW- 4 borehol e i s locate dadjacen t t o Westo n Faul t

at eastern edg e o f

th e Breec e Hil l stock . Th e firs t

5 fee t o f th e hol e wer e drille di n acolluviu mo f weathere droc k

o f th e Gra y Porphyry group . Th e remainde r o f th e hole , t o atota l dept h o f 122 7 feet , wa s drille di n th e Gra y Porphyr y o f th e Breec e Hil l stock . Th e porphyry i s moderatel y t o intensel y altere dt o sericit e throughou t th e length o f

th e hole . Sericite/chlorit e alteratio n i s commo n locally . Some mino r argilli c alteratio n occur s locally i n conjunction wit h th e sericiti c alteration . Disseminate dpyrit e i s ubiquitous , formin g 1 percen t t o 5 percen t o f th e roc k volume . Veinlet s o f

pyrit e an dquart z with pyrit e formin g a s muc h a s 2 5 percen t

o f th e roc k volume occur

locally . Mino r fault s wer e indicate ddurin g drillin g b y an increase dcontent o f cla y an dfine s i n th e dril l cuttings . Unusuall y larg e angula r fragment s i n th e dril l cutting s may als o indicat e fractures . Th e smal l fault s appea r t o b e widel y separate dwithi n th e drille d interval . Limonite (oxidation ) doe s no t occur i n th e apparen t

fracture s belo w adepth o f 87 5 feet . On e fractur

e occurrin g a

t 89 5 fee t hada3-inch open spac e that th e dril l strin g penetrate dwithou t hammering . Dril l core fro mth e 122 4 to 122 7 foo t interval exhibit s numerou s small fractures .
22907A-22327/R2. 6 02-05-92/RP T 6- 2

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s 6. 3 SELECTIO N O F SCREENE D INTERVA L 

### Wate r productio n wa s recorde ddurin g drillin g b y measurin g th e amoun t o f wate r produce db y ai r

lifting . Flo w measurement s wer e take n at 80 0 fee t an d90 0 fee t

an d ever y 2 0 fee t beginnin g a

t 100 5 feet . I n addition , specifi c conductivity an dp H wer e measure di n th e produce dwater . Approximatel y 1 5 to 2 0 gallon s per minut e o f

wate r wa s produce dunti l adepth o f 106 5 feet , an dthe n productio n began t o graduall y increas e t o 5 0 gallon s pe r

minut e at

120 5 feet . Specifi c conductivity an dp H als o increase dfro m 1065 to 120

5 feet . Th e followin g downhol e geophysica l log s wer e ru n i n BBW-4 : Temperatur e - flui dresistivity 16"-64 " norma l resistivity , S P an dIP Caliper Ful l wave-for msoni c Borehol e deviatio n Acousti c televiewe r Th e result s o f

drilling , wate r

measurement s an ddownhol e geophysic s suggeste dth e presenc e o f

asignifican t

fracture zon e fro mapproximatel y 115 5 fee t an d1170 feet . Th e acousti c televiewer

an dcaliper

log s showe dth e fracture zon e mos t clearly . Th e televiewe r lo g showe dasteepl y north-dippin g fracture . Base do n th e log s an dgeologi c data , th e screene dinterval wa s selecte dt o b e 1155 t o 119 5 feet . Th e filte r

pac k wa s extende d1 5 fee t

abov e th e screene dinterval t o captur e flo w fro mothe r producin g fracture s an dt o protec t

th e scree n fro mth e bentonite seal . 6. 4 WEL L COMPLETION 

### Th e installatio n o f

monitorin g well BBW- 4 wa s conducte daccordin g to Standar d Operatin g Procedure (SOP ) No . 2 2 - Groundwater Piezometer/Monitorin g Well Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summar y o f th e BBW- 4 well installatio n follows . Mor e detaile dwel l installatio n dat ai s presente di n Appendi x D - Well Completio n Logs .
22907A-22327/R2. 6 02-05-92/RP T 6- 3

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s Subsurfac e installatio n o f monitorin g wel l BBW- 4 commence do n Septembe r 25 , 1991 . Th e tremi e pip e an dwel l constructio n material s wer e decontaminate dprio r t o wel l installatio n accordin g t o SO P No . 1 - Decontamination . Thi s wel l wa s installe dthroug h th e inne r annulu s o f

th e dril l strin g whic h wa s hun g t o adepth o f 99 5 fee t belo w groun d surface . Forty fee t o f 2-inc h ID , 0.05-inch slot , wire wound , channe l packe dstainles s stee l scree n wa s use dfo r

thi s well . Th e well screen wa s cappe do n th e bottom , attache dto th e wel l casing , an dse t

a t adept h o f

119 7 to 115 7 fee t belo w groun dsurface . Th e lowe r par t o f th e wel l casin g i s 72 0 fee t o f flush-threade d2-inc h I D Schedul e 1 0 stainles s stee l casing . Th e uppe r

44 0 fee t o f wel l casin g consist s o f

flush-threade d2-inc h I D Schedul e 8 0 low-carbo n stee l pipe . Centralizer s wer e place dat th e to p an dth e botto mo f th e wel l screen , an dat

tw o approximatel y 100-foo t interval s abov e th e wel l screen . Additiona l centralizer s wer e no t

use ddu e t o th e centralizin g effec t o f installin g th e wel l throug h th e dril l pipe . Afte r

th e wel l strin g wa s lowered , th e tremi e pip e wa s lowere dthroug h th e dril l pip e t o an approximat e depth o f 1150 feet . Neithe r

th e tremi e pip e no r

th e wel l screen/casin g encountere dan y obstruction s a s i n th e ope n hol e belo w th e dril l string . Th e botto mo f

th e hol e fro m122

7 t o 120 2 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e i s fille dwith natura l collaps e rubbl e fro mth e wall s o f th e borehole . Th e 8 X 1 2 mes h Colorad o Silic aSan dfilte r

pac k wa s installe dfro m120

2 t o 114 2 fee t b y pumpin g th e san ddow n th e tremi e pip e with potabl e water . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dincrementall y a s th e filte r pac k leve l wa s raised . Th e bentonit e sea l wa s emplace dbetwee n 114 2 an d approximatel y 104

0 fee t b y pumpin g abentonit e powder/potabl e slurry wate r dow n th e tremi e pip e an dincrementall y raisin g th e tremi e a s th e bentonit e sea l leve l wa s raised . Th e bentonit e sea

l wa s allowe dto se t

fo r 1 2 hour s befor e placement o f th e firs t stag e o f grout . Th e grou t compositio n use di n th e borehol e annulu s consist s o f approximatel y 3 5 100-l

b bag s o f Typ e V Portlan dcement , on e 50-l b bag o f bentonit e powder , an don e 80-l b bag o f calciu mchlorid e pellet s mixe dwith potabl e wate r t o produc e approximatel y 40 0 gallon s o f

grout . Th e botto mo f

th e dril l strin g wa s raise dto 89 5 fee t befor e th e grou t wa s installed . Th e firs t lif t o f grou t wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e an d allowe dt o harde n over

th e fou r day shif t break . Prio r

t o groutin g th e remainde r o f th e 22907A-22327/R2. 6 02-05-92/RP T 6- 4

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s annuhis , th e dril l pip e wa s remove dfro mth e hol e an dth e tremi e pip e wa s re-inserted . Th e remainin g grou t

wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e i n 40 0 gallo n batches . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dafte r th e pumpin g o f

eac h batc h o f

grout . Afte r

th e grou t hardened , th e annulu s wa s toppe dof f with additiona l grou t

an daprotectiv e surfac e casin g wit hlockin g ca

p wa s installed . Th e subsurfac e wel l constructio n activitie s wer e complete do n October

1,1991 . Th e mortar

collar , mortar

blanket , an dstee l guar dpost s wer e installe dat

alate r date . Th e wel l casing an dscree n ha s bee n subsequentl y teste dfo r straightnes s an dpossibl e damag e b y passin g abaile r throug h th e entire length . N o problem s wer e encountere d i n th e bailer

test . Th e locatio n an delevatio n o f th e wel l hav e bee n surveye d(se e Appendi x E) .

22907A-22327/R2. 6 02-2J-M/RPT 6- 5GEOLOGI C LO G WEL L COMPLETIO N ALTERATIO N AN D MINERALIZATIO N FA I I I T 1 " AM D FFJAPT I IRF" "

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^ — FILTE R PAC K »^ —STAINLES S STEE L 5 0 SLOT ^ CHANNE L PAC KSCREE N NATURA L COLLAPS E RUBBL E SCALE : 1 " = 150 ' Jo b No . : 2232 7 Prepare d b y : D.X.B . Dat e : 11/14/9 1 GEOLOGI C AN D WEL L

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* I HM | d k k 1 * *f c * ^ M l COMPLETIO N LOG S BB W 4 YA KTUNNE L OPERABL E UNI T ^ FIG . 6- 1

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s 7. 0 INSTALLATIO N O F BBW- 5 

### 7. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMARY Th e drillin g o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 5 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar dOperatin g Procedur e (SOP) No . 2 2 - Groundwater Piezometer/Monitorin g Well Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summar y o f th e BBW- 5 drillin g follows . Borehol e drillin g fo r

Monitorin g Wel l BBW- 5 starte do n Octobe r 6 , 199 1 an dfinishe d o n Octobe r

12,1991 . Surfac e casin g wa s installe dt o 2 0 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e usin g th e ai r rotar y drillin g metho dan da20.5-inch diamete r tricon e bit . Th e mai n bor e fro m th e botto mo f

th e surfac e casin g t o atota l depth o f 90 2 fee t wa s drille db y th e rotar y dual-wal l ai r

reverse-circulatio n metho dwit h adownhol e hamme r an da8.5-inch diamete r bit . Core drillin g wa s no t use di n thi s borehole . Ai r rotar y drillin g fo r

th e surfac e casin g wa s accomplishe dwithou t difficulty . Drillin g th e mai n par t

o f th e borehol e with th e reverse-circulatio n downhol e hamme r proceede d normally . Afte r th e downhol e hamme r

wa s remove dfro mth e hole , awirelin e lowere dint o th e hol e indicate dan dobstructio n at 40 0 fee t belo w groun dsurface . A specially constructe d 8-inc h ope n face/tricon e bi t wa s trippe ddow n th e hol e an dcleare dal l obstruction s t o adept h o f

88 5 feet . Th e bi t

wa s pulle du p t o adept h o f 54 0 fee t t o allo w geophysical loggin g an dth e installatio n o f th e well . Th e geophysical hol e deviatio n prob e indicate d apossibl e obstructio n a

t adepth o f

82 3 feet . 1 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S A summary o f

th e geologi c condition s encountere di n th e BBW- 5 borehol e follows . Detailed ; geologi c informatio n i s containe di n Appendi x A - Fiel dBorin g Logs .

22907A-22327/R2. 7 02-05-92/RP T 7- 1

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s Unlik e th e othe r

boreholes , th e BBW- 5 borehol e sit e i s no t locate dadjacen t

t o amajo r fault . Howeve r

th e borehol e i s locate dnear th e norther n terminu s o f th e Silen t

Frien d Fault . Th e to p 2 5 fee t

o f th e borehol e wa s drille dthroug h Quaternar y colluviu m compose dprimaril y o f

fragment s o f

Belde n Formatio n sandstone . Betwee n th e bas e o f th e colluviu man dth e tota l depth o f 90 0 feet , th e entire loca

l Paleozoi c stratigraphi c sectio n i s represented . Th e stratigraphi c unit s includ e th e Belde n Formation , th e Leadvill e Limestone , th e Dyer Dolomite , th e Partin g Quartzite , th e Manito u Formation , th e Peerles s Formation , an dth e Sawatc h Quartzite . Th e borehol e wa s terminate dwithi n th e Sawatc h Quartzite . Th e Gray Porphyry form s several sill s withi n th e stratigraphi c section . Th e porphyry i s moderatel y t o strongl y sericitized , an dgenerall y contain s a trac e o f disseminate dpyrite . Th e majorit y o f

th e fault s indicate db y drillin g occur i n th e Leadvill e Limestone , th e Dye r Dolomite , an dth e Sawatc h Quartzite . Thes e fault s wer e indicate ddurin g drillin g b y an increase dconten t

o f cla y an dfine s i n th e dril l cuttings . Unusuall y larg e angular fragment s i n th e dril l cutting s ma y als o indicat e fractures . Limonit e (oxidation ) doe s no t occu r i n th e apparen t

fracture s belo w 73 0 feet . Carbonat e rock s ar e silicifie dalon g several o f th e fracture dareas . Sulfid e mineralizatio n occur s i n tw o interval s i n th e borehole . I n th e interva l fro m76 0 t o 79 0 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , severa l percen t o f combine dpyrite , sphalerite , an d galen aoccur s i n th e Peerles s Formation . I n th e 5-foo t interval belo w 77 0 feet , tota l sulfide s compris e 10 % o f

th e roc k volume . Th e interval fro m81 5 to 90 0 fee t contain s atrac e t o 4 % o f

combine dpyrite , sphalerite , an dgalena . RecrystaUize ddolomit e als o occur s locally withi n thi s zone . 7. 3 SELECTIO

N O F SCREENE D INTERVAL Wate r productio n wa s recorde ddurin g drillin g b y measurin g th e amoun t o f wate r produce db y air

lifting . Water

productio n wa s measure dever y 10 0 fee t fro m20 5 fee t to 72 5 fee t

an dever y 2 0 fee t thereafte r

to 90 0 feet . I n addition , p H an dspecifi c conductivity wer e measure di n th e produce dwater . Approximatel y seven t o twelv e gallon s per

minut e o f

wate r wer e produce di n th e interval betwee n 20 5 an d50 5 fee t whe n th e flo w ceased . Flo w began again at approximatel y 705 , producin g fou r t o eigh t 22907A-22327/R2. 7 02-05-92/RPT 7- 2

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s gallon s per

minute . Flo w increase dto approximatel y 2 5 gallon s per minut e a t 84 5 feet . Th e specifi c conductivit y als o decrease di n th e sample s fro m84 5 t o 90 5 feet . Th e followin g downhol e geophysical log s wer e ru n i n BBW-5 : Temperatur e - flui dresistivity 16"-64 " norma l resistivity , S P an dIP Caliper Ful l wave-for msoni c Borehol e deviatio n Acousti c televiewer Th e result s o f

drilling , wate r

measurement s an ddownhol e geophysic s suggeste dth e presenc e o f

significan t

fractur e zone s a

t approximatel y 810 , 84 0 an d85 5 feet . Th e acousti c televiewer , caliper an dtemperature\flui dresistivity log s showe dth e water producin g fracture s mos t

clearly . Base do n thes e data , th e screene dinterval wa s selecte d t o b e 82 0 t o 86 0 feet . Th e filte r pac k wa s extended1 5 fee t

abov e th e screene dinterva l t o captur e flo w fro mth e fractur e zon e a t 81 0 fee t an dt o protec t

th e scree n fro mth e bentonit e seal . 7. 4 WEL L COMPLETIO N 

### Th e installatio n o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 5 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar d Operatin g Procedur e (SOP ) No . 2 2 - Groundwate r Piezometer/Monitorin g Wel l Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summary o f th e BBW- 5 wel l installatio n follows . Mor e detaile dwell installatio n dat ai s presente di n Appendi x D - Wel l Completio n Logs . Subsurfac e installatio n o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 5 commence do n Octobe r 9,1991 . Th e tremi e pip e an dwel l constructio n material s were decontaminate dprio r to well installatio n accordin g to SO P No . 1 - Decontamination . Thi s well wa s installe dthroug h th e inner annulu s o f

th e dril l strin g whic h wa s hun g to adepth o f 54 0 fee t belo w groun d surface .

22907A-22327/R2. 7 02-05-92/W T . 7- 3

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s Forty fee t o f 2-inc h ID , 0.05-inc h slot , wire wound , channe l packe dstainles s stee l scree n wa s use dfo r

thi s well . Th e wel l scree n wa s cappe do n th e bottom , attache dt o th e wel l casing , an dse t

at adept h o f

85 8 t o 81 8 fee t

belo w groun dsurface . Th e lowe r part o f th e wel l casin g consist s o f

12 0 fee t o f flush-threade d2-inch ID Schedul e 1 0 stainles s stee l casing . Th e uppe r

70 0 fee t o f wel l casin g consist s o f

flush-threade d2-inc h I D Schedule 8 0 low-carbo n stee l pipe . Centralizer s wer e place dat th e to p an dth e botto mo f th e wel l screen , an dat

thre e approximatel y 100-foot interval s abov e th e screen . Additiona l centralizer s were no t

use ddu e t o th e centralizin g effec t o f installing th e wel l throug h th e dril l pipe . Afte r

th e wel l strin g wa s lowered , th e tremi e pip e wa s lowere dthroug h th e dril l pip e t o adept h o f

83 4 feet . Neithe r

th e tremi e pip e no r

th e wel l screen/casin g encountere dan y obstruction s i n th e ope n hol e belo w th e dril l string . Th e botto mo f

th e borehol e fro m90 2 t o 87 7 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e i s fille dwith natura l collaps e rubbl e fro mth e wall s o f th e borehole . Th e 8 X 1 2 mes h Colorad o Silic aSan dfilte r

pac k wa s installe dfro m87 7 t o 80 2 fee t b y pumpin g th e san ddow n th e tremi e pip e with potabl e water . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dincrementall y a s th e filte r pac k leve l wa s raised . Th e bentonit e seal wa s emplace dbetwee n 80 2 an dapproximatel y 66 0 fee t b y pumpin g abentonit e powder/potabl e wate r slurry dow n th e tremi e pip e an d incrementall y raisin g th e tremi e a s th e bentonit e sea l leve l wa s raised . Th e bentonit e sea l wa s allowe dt o se t

fo r 1 2 hour s befor e placemen t o f th e firs t stag e o f grout . Th e grou t compositio n use di n th e borehol e annulu s consist s o f approximatel y 3 5 100-l

b bag s o f Typ e V Portlan dcement , on e 50-l b ba g o f bentonit e powder , an don e 80-l b ba g o f calciu mchlorid e >pellet s mixe dwit h potabl e wate r

t o produc e approximatel y 40 0 gallon s o f grout . Th e firs t

lif t o f grou t wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e an dallowe d t o harde n fo r

2 4 hours . Whe n th e firs t

lif t o f grou t ha dhardene dfo r

2 4 hours , i t

wa s foun dtha t

th e tremi e pip e wa s hun g u p i n th e borehole . Th e en do f th e tremi e pip e wa s 60 0 fee t belo w groun d surfac e an dth e grou t

wa s tagge dthroug h th e tremi e pip e a t 58 5 fee t belo w groun d surface . Th e annulu s wa s bridge dof f a t 40 0 feet . Sinc e th e tremi e pip e coul dno t b e remove dfro mth e cave dsectio n o f th e borehole , th e tremi e pip e wa s split wit h an explosiv e charg e a

t adept h o f

54 5 feet . Tw o 400-gallo n batche s o f grou t wer e pumpe d throug h th e split

i n th e tremi e pipe . 22907A-22327/R2. 7 02-OJ-92/RPT 7- 4

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s B y usin g awrenc h at

th e surface , 29 0 fee t

o f th e tremi e pip e were recovere dfro mth e hole . Th e remainin g 31 0 fee t o f tremi e pipe , fro m60 0 t o 29 0 fee t belo w groun dsurface , wer e cemente dint o th e annulus . Anothe r tremi e pip e wa s lowere dt o adept h o f 40 0 fee t int o th e borehole . Th e remainin g grou t

wa s pumpe ddow n th e ne w tremi e pip e i n 400-gallo n batches . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dafte r th e pumpin g o f

eac h batc h o f

grout . Afte r

th e grou t hardened , th e annulu s wa s toppe dof f wit h additional grou t

an daprotectiv e surfac e casing with lockin g ca

p wa s installed . Th e subsurfac e wel l constructio n activitie s wer e complete do n Septembe r

17 , 1991 . Th e morta

r collar , morta

r blanket , an dstee l guar d post s wer e installe da t

alate r date . Followin g wel l completio n bu t befor e th e installatio n o f

th e protectiv e casing , awate r leve l prob e wa s lowere dint o th e wel l t o chec k th e wate r leve l an dth e depth at

th e botto mo f th e well . Th e prob e woul dno t g o al l th e way t o th e botto mo f th e well , an d whe n removed , th e prob e appeare dt o hav e bentonit e o n it . Additiona l testin g wa s conducte da s discusse dbelow . Th e wel l casin g an dscree n ha s bee n subsequentl y teste dfo r straightnes s an dpossibl e b y passin g abailer

throug h th e entire length . N o problem s were encountere di n th e bailer test . Th e locatio n an delevatio n o f th e wel l hav e bee n surveye d(se e Appendi x E) . 7. 5 ADDITIONA L GEOPHYSICA L LOGGIN G 

### EPA wa s notifie do f

th e presenc e o f

th e bentonite i n th e wel l an dwa s present durin g th e initial bailin g o f

th e well , whe n th e bentonite wa s removed . EPA raise dconcern s ove r th e integrit

y o f th e wel l an drequeste dthat anatura l gamm alo g b e mad e o f BBW 5 . Th e downhol e geophysical logging equipmen t wa s mobilizedto th e site an danatura l gamm alog , 4-p i densit

y lo g an ddownhol e vide o wer e made . Th e log s indicate that th e wel l i s intac t

an dth e screene dinterva l undamaged . Th e vide o lo g als o showe dth e presenc e o f

mino r sediment i n th e well screen .

22907A-22327/R2. 7 02-28-92/WT 7- 5GEOLOGI C L A l TrDATIO M AM D — MINERALIZATIO N FAULT S AN D - FRACTURE S LITHOLOG Y - QUATERNAR Y COLLUVIU M IP P BELDE N FM .
T GRA Y PORPHYR Y (P P BELDE N FM . T GRA Y PORPHYRY P P BELDE N FM .
M LEADVILL E LIMESTON E
D DYE R DOLOMIT E D PARTIN G QUARTZIT E T GRA Y PORPHYR Y 0 .MANITO U FM . T GRA Y PORPHYRY 6 PEERLES S FM .

' G SAWATC H QUARTZIT E

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Jo b No . : 2232 7 Prepare d b y : D.X.B . Dat e : 11/14/9 1 \ - *^" ^ GROU T \ N 1 6 " I D SURFAC E CASIN G

_^ - PORTLAN D CEMEN T -^ ^ GROU T

. ^ —2 " I D SCHEDLU E -^"^ 8 0 STEE L CASIN G

/ —BENTONIT E SLURR Y SEA L
^ —2 " I D SCHEDUL E 1 0

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PAC K STAINLES S STEE L 5 0 SLO T CHANNE L PAC KSCREE N NATURA L COLLAPS E RUBBL E GEOLOGI C AN D WEL L COMPLETIO N LOG S BBW- 5 YA KTUNNE L OPERABL E UNI T ^ FIG . 7- 1

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s 8. 0 INSTALLATIO N O F BBW- 7 8. 1 DRILLIN G SUMMARY Th e drillin g o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 7 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar dOperatin g Procedur e (SOP) No . 2 2 - Groundwate r Piezometer/Monitorin g Wel l Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summar y o f th e BBW- 7 drillin g follows . Borehol e drillin g fo r

Monitorin g Wel l BBW- 7 starte do n Septembe r 5 , 199 1 an dwa s finishe do n Septembe r

8 , 1991 . Surfac e casin g wa s installe dt o 1 2 fee t belo w groun d surfac e usin g th e ai r

rotar y drillin g metho dan da20.5-inc h diamete r tricon e bit . Afte r th e surfac e casing , drillin g resume dwit h b y th e rotar y dual-wall ai r reverse-circulation metho dwit h adownhol e hamme r anda8.5-inc h diamete r bit . A t adept h o f

2 0 fee t belo w groun dsurface , th e hamme r wa s remove dan dth e dril l bi t wa s change dt o a7-7/8-inc h tricon e bit . Th e tricon e bi t wa s use dt o dril l t o adept h o f 7 8 feet , wher e 6-inc h O D core drillin g began . Core drillin g proceede dfro m7 8 t o 10 7 fee t belo w groun dsurface . Tricon e drillin g resume dat 7 8 feet , th e core hol e wa s reame dt o 10 7 feet , an dtricon e drillin g continue dt o 27 8 feet . Th e botto mo f th e core d hol e wa s core dfro m27 8 t o 29 0 feet . Afte r corin g , th e tricon e bi t

wa s use dt o rea mth e core dhol e t o atota l depth o f 29 1 feet . Ai r rotar y drillin g fo r

th e surfac e casing wa s accomplishe dwithou t difficulty . Drillin g th e mai n part

o f th e borehol e with th e reverse-circulatio n rotary tricon e proceede d normally . Core drillin g recovere dapproximatel y 90 % o f th e core i n th e 7 8 to 107-foot depth interval , an d75 % o f th e core i n th e 27 8 to 290-foo t interval . 8. 2 GEOLOGI C CONDITION S A summar y o f

th e geologi c condition s encountere di n th e BBW- 7 borehol e follows . Detaile dgeologi c informatio n i s containe di n Appendi x A - Fiel dBorin g Logs .
22907A-22327/R2. 8 02-05-92/RJ T 8- 1

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s Th e BBW- 7 borehol e i s locate dadjacen t t o th e Iro n Fault . Th e firs t fe w fee t o f th e hol e wer e drille di n acolluviu mo f weathere droc k

o f th e Pand o Porphyry . Th e remainde r o f th e hole , t o atota l dept h o f 29 1 feet , wa s drille dwithi n th e Pand o Porphyry . Th e porphyr y i s moderatel y t o intensel y altere dt o sericite throughou t th e length o f

th e hole . Some argilli c alteratio n occur s locall y i n conjunctio n with th e sericiti c alteration . Fractur e coating s o f

iro n an dmanganes e oxide s ar e commo n throughou t th e length o f th e borehole . Trace s o f pyrit e an dcalcit e alon g fracture s occur locally . Smal l fracture s occu r

throughou t

th e borehole , evidence db y oxide-coate dfractur e surface s brough t

u p with th e dril l cuttings . 8. 3 SELECTIO N O F SCREENE D INTERVA L BBW- 7 Wate r productio n wa s observe ddurin g drillin g o f BBW-7 . Wate r

flo w began at

16 1 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e an dappeare dt o increas e with depth . Th e followin g downhol e geophysical log s wer e ru n i n BBW-7 : Temperatur e - flui dresistivity 16"-64 " norma l resistivity , S P an dIP Caliper Ful l wave-for msoni c Gamm aan dneutro n Borehol e deviatio n Acousti c televiewe r Th e result s o f

drillin g an ddownhol e geophysic s suggeste dth e presenc e o f asignifican t fracture zon e fro mapproximatel y 23 5 fee t to 26 0 feet . Th e acousti c televiewer lo g showe dth e fractur e zon e mos t clearly . Base do n thes e data , th e screene dinterva l wa s selecte dto b e 25 0 to 29 0 feet . Th e filte r pac k zon e wa s extende d1 8 fee t abov e th e scree n t o capture wate r

fro mth e fracture zon e fro m23 5 fee t t o th e to p o f

th e screen .

22907A-22327/R2. 8 02-05-92/RP T 8- 2

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s 8. 4 WEL L COMPLETIO N Th e installatio n o f

monitorin g wel l BBW- 7 wa s conducte daccordin g t o Standar d Operatin g Procedur e (SOP ) No . 2 2 - Groundwate r Piezometer/Monitorin g Wel l Installatio n i n Bedrock . A site-specifi c summary o f th e BBW- 7 wel l installatio n follows . Mor e detaile dwel l installatio n dat ai s presente di n Appendi x D - Wel l Completio n Logs . Subsurfac e installatio n o f monitorin g wel l BBW- 7 commence do n Septembe r 8 , 1991 . Th e tremi e pip e an dwel l constructio n material s wer e decontaminate dprio r t o wel l installatio n accordin g t o SO P No . 1 - Decontamination . Th e tremi e pip e wa s lowere d dow n th e ope n hol e t o an approximat e dept h o f 28 0 feet . Forty fee t

o f 2-inc h ID , 0.05 - inc h slot , wir e wound , channe l packe dstainles s stee l scree n wa s use dfo r thi s well . Th e well scree n wa s cappe do n th e bottom , attache dt o th e wel l casing , an dse t at adept h o f 29 0 t o 24 0 feet . Th e lowe r par t o f th e wel l casin g consist s o f 12 0 fee t o f flush threade d2-inc h ID Schedul e 1 0 stainles s stee l casing . Th e uppe r 13 0 fee t o f wel l casin g consist s o f

flush-threade d2-inch I D Schedul e 4 0 low-carbo n stee l pipe . Centralizer s wer e place dat

th e to p an dth e botto mo f th e wel l screen , an dat

approximatel y 100-foo t interval s alon g th e length o f th e wel l casing . Neithe r th e tremi e pip e no r

th e wel l screen/casin g encountere dan y obstruction s a s the y wer e lowere ddow n th e ope n hole . Th e 8 X 1 2 mes h Colorad o Silic aSan dfilte r pac k wa s installe dfro m29 1 t o 23 2 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e b y pumpin g th e san ddow n th e tremi e pip e with potabl e water . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dincrementall y a s th e filte r pac k leve l wa s raised . Th e bentonit e sea

l wa s emplace dbetwee n 23 2 an d13 2 fee t b y pumpin g amixtur e o f 3/8-inc h bentonit e chip s an dpotabl e wate r dow n th e tremi e pip e an dincrementall y raisin g th e tremi e a s th e bentonit e sea l level wa s raised . Th e grou t compositio n use di n th e borehol e annulu s consist s o f approximatel y 3 5 100-l

b bag s o f Typ e V Portlan dcement , on e 50-l b bag o f bentonite powder , an don e 80-l b bag o f calciu mchlorid e pellet s mixe dwit h potabl e wate r

t o produc e approximatel y 40 0 gallon s o f

grout . Becaus e th e depth to th e bentonit e sea l wa s only 13 1 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , groutin g b y lift s wa s no t required . Th e grou t

wa s pumpe ddow n th e tremi e pip e an dallowe dt o harden . Th e tremi e pip e wa s raise dafte r pumpin g th e firs t batc h o f grout . Afte r

th e grou t

hardened , th e annulu s wa s toppe dof f with additiona l 22907A-22327/R2. 8 02-Q5-92/RP T 8- 3

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s grou t an daprotectiv e surfac e casin g with lockin g ca p wa s installed . Th e subsurfac e wel l constructio n activitie s wer e complete do n Septembe r 9,1991 . Th e mortar

collar , mortar blanket , an dstee l guar dpost s wer e installe dat alate r date . Th e wel l casin g an dscree n ha s bee n subsequentl y teste dfo r straightnes s an dpossibl e damag e b y passin g abailer throug h th e entire length . N o problem s wer e encountere d i n th e baile r

test . Th e locatio n an delevatio n o f th e wel l hav e bee n surveye d(se e Appendi x E) .

22907A-22327/R2. 8 02-28-92/W T 8- 4Woodward-Clyd e Consultants

GEOLOGI C LO G 1 2 WEL L COMPLETIO N

QUATERNAR

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GROU T I D SURFAC E CASIN G

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—2 " I D SCHEDUL E 4 0 STAINLES S STEE L CASIN G -—BENTONIT E CHI P SEA L

—2 " I D SCHEDLU E 1 0 STAINLES S STEE L CASIN G x —FILTE R PAC K STAINLES S STEE L 50 SLO T CHANNE L PAC KSCREE N 300 -

SCALE : 1"«=100 f Jo b No , : 2232 7 Prepared by : D.X.B. Dat e : 11/14/9 1 GEOLOGI C AN D WEL L COMPLETIO N LOG S 

### BBW-7 YA KTUNNE L OPERABL E UNI T FIG . 8- 1

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# I i i I i i i i i 1 I i i I i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 9. 0 WEL L DEVELOPMEN T 9. 1 DEVELOPMEN T PROCEDURE S Developmen t

o f th e si x piezometer s wa s conducte daccordin g t o th e procedure s specifie d i n SO P No . 4 - Monitorin g Well Development . Th e wel l wa s surge dan dwate r remove d usin g adecontaminate dstainles s stee l baile r o n awireline . Th e baile r wa s approximatel y 1 0 fee t

lon g an d1-1/

4 inche s i n diameter . A minimu mo f 1 0 wel l volume s wer e remove dfro meac h well . Temperature , pH , an dspecifi c conductivit y wer e measure ddurin g th e developmen t process . Developmen t logs , includin g th e measuremen t

o f temperature , pH , an dspecifi c conductivity , ar e presente di n Appendi x D . Du e t o th e larg e quantitie s o f wate r tha t require dremoval , areques t wa s mad e t o EP A t o allo w th e us e o f air-liftin g a s adevelopmen t metho di n well s with sufficien t water . EP A agree dt o th e modification . Th e air-lif

t developmen t

employe dth e us e o f

th e dual-tub e method . Ai r wa s introduce d int o th e wel l usin g a1-inc h diamete r decontaminate dstee l tube . Th e 2-inc h diamete r wel l rise r serve da s th e secon dtube . Th e injectio n tub e wa s se t at leas t 5 0 fee t abov e th e to p o f

th e san dpac k

an dth e ai r

wa s injecte dfro mth e compressor s o n th e dril l rig . A t n o tim e wa s th e wate r

leve l allowe dt o fal l belo w th e en do f th e injecto r

pipe . Onl y well s wit h greate r

tha n 10 0 fee t

o f wate r i n th e casin g wer e develope dusin g th e air-lif t method . Approximatel y nin e wel l volume s wer e remove dusin g th e air-lif t method . Th e tent h wel l volum e wa s remove db y bailing . A t EPA' s request , dissolve doxygen an dfiel d redo x wer e measure ddurin g airlif t development . 9 2 DEVELOPMEN T O F BBW- 1 Air-lif t developmen t

o f BBW- 1 began o n Octobe r 21 , 199 1 an dwa s complete di n approximatel y si x hours . Th e injecto r tub e wa s se t

a t approximatel y 70 0 fee t

belo w th e surface . Th e water

wa s turbi dat

th e star t o f air-liftin g an dslightl y turbi dwhe n air-liftin g wa s complete dafte r

removal o f

approximatel y 64 0 gallon s o f water . Approximatel y 10 0

22907A-22327/R2. 9 02-28-92/RP T 9- 1

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s gallon s o f

wate r wer e produce dpe r

hour . Th e temperature , p H an dconductivit y di dno t stabiliz e durin g airlifting . Baile r developmen t

starte do n Octobe r

31 , 199 1 an dwa s complete do n Novembe r 1 , 1991 . Approximatel y 7 5 gallon s o f wate r wer e removed . Th e wate r wa s very turbi da

t th e beginnin g o f

bailin g an dwa s slightl y turbi dat th e en do f

bailing . Th e temperatur e stabilize dat

7.5°C , th e p H at

9.4 5 an dth e conductivity at 36 0 uS/c m(equivalen t t o mmhos/cm) . 9. 3 DEVELOPMEN T O F BBW- 2 Air-lif t developmen t

o f BBW- 2 bega n o n October 21 , 199 1 an dwa s complete di n approximatel y tw o hours . Th e injecto r tub e wa s se t

at approximatel y 30 0 fee t

belo w th e surface . Th e wate r

wa s turbi da t

th e star t o f airliftin g an dclea

r whe n air-liftin g wa s complete dafte r

remova l o f

approximatel y 62 0 gallon s o f water . Approximatel y 30 0 gallon s o f

wate r wer e produce dpe r

hour . Th e temperature , p H an dconductivit y di dno t stabiliz e durin g airlifting . Baile r developmen t

wa s complete do n Novembe r 3 , 1991 . Approximatel y 7 5 gallon s o f wate r wer e removed . Th e wate r wa s very turbi dat

th e beginnin g o f

bailin g an dwa s slightl y turbi dat

th e en do f

bailing . Th e temperatur e stabilize dat 7.3°C . Th e p H wa s stabl e at 6. 2 bu t problem s wer e encountere dwith th e p H meter . Th e conductivity varie d betwee n 50 0 an d60 0 uS/cm . 9. 4 DEVELOPMEN T O F BBW- 3 Air-lif t developmen t

o f BBW- 3 began o n October 20 , 199 1 an dwa s complete di n approximatel y twelv e hours . Th e injecto r tub e wa s se t

a t approximatel y 66 0 fee t

belo w th e surface . Th e wate r

wa s turbi dat

th e start o f airliftin g an dremaine dturbi dwhe n air liftin g wa s complete dafte r removal o f

approximatel y 38 0 gallon s o f water . Approximatel y 3 0 gallon s o f wate r wer e produce dper

hour . Th e temperature , p H an d conductivity di dno t

stabiliz e durin g airlifting .

22907A-22327/R2. 9 02-28-92/RP T 9- 2

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Baile r developmen t

wa s complete do n Octobe r 30 , 1991 . Approximatel y 7 2 gallon s o f wate r wer e removed . Th e wate r wa s very turbi dthroughou t bailing . Th e temperatur e varie dfro m4. 8 t o 6.1°C . Th e p H stabilize dat 7. 4 an dth e conductivit y stabilize dat 29 0 uS/cm . 9. 5 DEVELOPMEN T O F BBW- 4 Air-lif t development

o f BBW- 4 bega n o n Octobe r 20 , 199 1 an dwa s complete di n approximatel y thre e hours . Th e injecto r tub e wa s se t

at approximatel y 1090 fee t belo w th e surface . Th e wate r

wa s turbi da

t th e star t o f air-liftin g an dclea

r whe n air-liftin g wa s complete dafte r

remova l o f

approximatel y 80 0 gallon s o f water . Approximatel y 26 0 gallon s o f wate r wer e produce dpe r

hour . Th e temperature , p H an dconductivit y di dno t stabiliz e durin g air-lifting . Baile r developmen t

starte do n Octobe r

21 , 199 1 an dwa s complete do n Octobe r 23 , 1991 . Approximatel y 9 2 gallon s o f wate r wer e removed . Th e wate r wa s turbi d throughou t

bailing . Th e temperatur e stabilize dat 7.8°C , th e p H at

8. 2 an dth e conductivit y at

23 5 uS/cm . 9. 6 DEVELOPMEN T O F BBW- 5 BBW- 5 wa s no t

develope dusin g air-lifting . Baile r developmen t

starte do n Octobe r

19 , 1991 . Fou r

differen t period s o f

bailin g occurre dat

BBW-5 . Th e firs t

perio dwa s Octobe r 19-20 . Te n wel l volume s o f wate r (10 0 gallons ) wer e remove dfro mth e well . Th e firs t several bailer-full s produce dadilute dbentonit e fluid . A s developmen t proceeded , th e bentonit e disappeared . Th e temperatur e stabilize dat 10.2°C , th e p H at 7. 5 an dth e conductivity a t 53 0 uS/cm . A t th e reques t

o f EPA , du e t o thei r

concern over

th e bentonit e i n th e well , th e wel l wa s baile dagai n o n October

2 3 an d24 . Thi s time 7 5 gallon s o f turbi dwate r

wer e remove d fro mth e well . Bentonite wa s no t encountere ddurin g bailing . Th e temperatur e stabilize da

t 9.3°C , the p H a

t 7. 5 andthe conductivit

y a t 48 0 uS/cm . The well wa s baile d agai n o f Octobe r 29 , whe n 4 0 gallon s wer e removed , an do n Novembe r 4 whe n 1 0 gallon s were removed . Fiel dparameter s wer e no t measure ddurin g thes e additiona l events . 22W7A-22327/R2. 9 02-28-92/RP T 9- 3

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s 9. 7 DEVELOPMEN T O F BBW- 7 BBW- 7 wa s no t

develope dusin g air-lifting . Baile r developmen t

starte do n Novembe r 2 , 1991 . Te n wel l volume s o f wate r (11 0 gallons ) wer e remove dfro mth e well . A s development

proceeded , th e water

wen t fro mturbi dt o slightly turbid . Th e temperatur e stabilize da

t approximatel y 5.5°C , th e p H a t 6. 5 an dth e conductivity a t 130 0 uS/cm .

22907A-22327/R2. 9 02-28-92/RP T 9- 4

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s 10. 0 SUMMAR

Y O F CHANGE S FRO M THE WOR KPLAN/SA P 

### Th e drillin g an ddevelopmen t o f th e monitorin g well s describe di n thi s documen t wer e complete daccordin g t o th e method s an dprocedure s describe di n th e Wor k Plan , Yak Tunne l Operabl e Uni t

(Res-ASARC O 1990b) , th e Samplin g an dAnalysi s Pla n (SAP) , Ya k Tunne l Operabl e Uni t

(Res-ASARC O 1990c

) an dth e Technica

l Memorandu mfo r Piezometer s an dMonitorin g Wells , Ya k Tunne l Operabl e Uni t

(Res-ASARC O 1991) . Wher e warrante db y condition s i n th e field , modification s wer e mad e t o th e SOP s t o facilitat e completio n o f

th e program . Al l change s wer e approve db y th e EP A fiel d representativ e prio r

t o implementation . 10. 1 CHANGE S I N TH E WOR KPLA N 

### Th e Wor k

Plan (Res-ASARC O 1990b ) presente dth e approac h t o th e locatio n an d drillin g o f th e borings . Th e majo r

chang e t o th e Work

Plan wa s i n th e location s o f th e wells . Th e location s o f

th e well s wer e describe di n th e Selecte dRemed y Componen t Chang e Proposal (SRCCP)(Res-ASARC O 1990a ) a s describe di n Sectio n 1. 0 above . 10.2 CHANGE S IN THE SAMPLIN G AND ANALYSI S PLA N 

### Th e majo r

change s t o th e Samplin g an dAnalysi s Pla n (Res-ASARC O 1990c ) relat e t o fiel dmodification s t o tw o SOPs . Fiv e fiel dchange s wer e mad e t o SO P No . 2 2 an don e chang e wa s mad e to SO P No . 4 . Th e specifi c fiel dchange s are describe dbelow . Fiel dChang e YAK-00 1 - In SO P No . 22 , aperio do f 1 2 hour s will b e allowe dbetwee n th e placemen t

o f abentonit e slurry sea

l an dinstallatio n o f

th e firs t stag e o f grout . A perio do f 3 0 minute s will b e allowe dbetwee n th e placemen t o f abentonite chip o r

pelle t sea l an dinstallatio n o f

th e firs t stag e o f grout . Approve db y K . Hemlein , EPA' s fiel d representative , on September 5 , 1991 .

22907A-22327/R2.1 0 02-05-92/RP T 1Q- 1

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s Fiel dChang e YAK-00 2 - I n SO P No . 22 , followin g wel l completion , a6-inc h diamete r stee l surfac e casin g with ahinge dlockabl e cover wil l b e imbedde dthre e fee t int o th e grout . Th e surfac e casin g wil l projec t approximatel y tw o fee t

abov e th e groun dsurface . Approve db y K . Hemlein , EPA' s fiel drepresentative , o n Septembe r 5 , 1991 . Fiel dChang e YAK-00 3 - I n SO P No . 22 , followin g wel l completion , th e protectiv e casin g an dpost s wil l b e painte dt o make the mvisible,labele d(wit h whit e paint ) wit h th e wel l designation , an dlocked . Re dpaint wa s use dto paint

th e protectiv e casing an dposts . Approve db y K . Hemlein , EPA' s fiel drepresentative , o n Septembe r 5 , 1991 . Fiel dChang e YAK-00 4 - I n SO P No . 22 , fo r BBW- 7 only , schedul e 4 0 low-carbo n stee l wa s use dfo r

casin g abov e th e wate r

tabl e t o groun dsurface . Schedul e 8 0 stee l wa s use d abov e th e wate r

tabl e i n th e othe r

wells . Approve db y K . Hemlein , EPA' s fiel d representative , o n Septembe r 11 , 1991 . Fiel dChang e YAK-00 5 - I n SO P No . 22 , a0.5-foo t thic k mortar blanke t will exten d approximatel y 2-fee t

radiall y fro mth e protectiv e casin g t o provid e a n effectiv e surfac e protection . Approve db y K . Hemlein , EPA' s fiel drepresentative , o n Septembe r 12 , 1991 . Fiel dChang e YAK-00 6 - I n SO P No . 4 , air-lif t developmen t

method s may b e use di n well s with greate r

tha n 10 0 fee t

o f wate r i n th e well . Se e Sectio n 9. 0 fo r additiona l information , a0.5-foo t

thic k mortar blanke t will exten dapproximatel y 2-fee t radiall y fro mth e protectiv e casing t o provide an effectiv e surfac e protection . Approve db y EPA' s fiel dan doffic e representatives , o n October 2 , 1991 .

22907A-22327/R2.1 0 02-05-92/RP T 10-2

# I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 

## 11. 0 DISCUSSIO N O F HYDROGEOLOGI C CONDITION S 11. 1 GENERA L HYDROGEOLOGI C CONDITION S 

### Th e hydrogeologi c condition s encountere ddurin g th e drillin g o f th e Ya k Tunne l O.U . monitorin g well s were generally thos e expecte db y th e hydrogeologi c interpretatio n presente di n th e SRCC P (Res-ASARC O 1990a ) an dth e Technica

l Memorandu mfo r Piezometer s an dMonitorin g Well s (Res-ASARC O 1991) . Several variation s i n hydrogeologi c condition s fro mth e previou s hydrogeologi c interpretation s wer e reveale d durin g th e cours e o f

drilling , wel l installatio n an ddevelopmen t o f th e monitoring wells . Wate r wa s generall y produce dfro mfractur e zone s withi n th e bedrock , a s expected , however , th e distributio n o f fault s an dfracture s i n th e bedroc k wa s greate r

tha n expected . Stati c wate r

level s an dwate r

quality i n th e well s wer e differen t tha n expected . Th e distributio n o f

fault s an dfracture s i n th e bedroc k wa s greate r

tha n ha dbee n expected . Surfac e seismi c refractio n method s produce dcross-section s o f th e subsurfac e i n th e vicinity o f

th e monitorin g wells . Thes e seismi c section s indicat e mor e moderate an dlarge-size dfault s an dfracture s tha n wer e reporte di n th e availabl e literature . Observation s mad e durin g drillin g o f th e wel l borehole s suggeste dth e presenc e o f numerou s moderate - an dlarge-size dfractures , an dth e presenc e o f th e fault s indicate d b y th e seismi c refractio n wa s confirmed . Th e downhol e geophysical logs , particularl y th e acousti c televiewer

log , clearl y showe dth e hig h density o f small - t o large-size dfault s an d fracture s i n th e lower

section s o f

th e monitorin g wel l boreholes . Th e greater tha n expecte doccurrenc e o f

fault s i n th e vicinit

y o f th e monitorin g well s suggest s tha t th e bedroc k aquife r i s mor e permeabl e an dinterconnecte dthan wa s previousl y thought . Stati c wate r

level s i n th e well s BBW-1 , BBW-2 , BBW-3 , an dBBW- 4 are highe r tha n expected . Th e stati c wate r level s wer e expecte dt o occu r nea r th e level o f

th e Ya k Tunne l (Res-ASARC O 1990a) . Th e observe dwate r level s i n thes e well s rang e fro m approximatel y 30 0 to 50 0 fee t abov e th e Ya

k Tunne l level . Th e stati c wate r leve l i n wel l BBW- 2 i s unusuall y clos e t o th e groun dsurface , bu t ther e i s evidenc e o f

abundan t shallow-leve l groundwate r i n th e White s Gulc h drainag e where BBW- 2 i s located . Th e 22907A-22327/R2.1 1 02-05-92/RP T 11- 1

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s stati c wate r

level s i n BBW- 1 throug h BBW- 4 indicat e asteeper wate r leve l gradien t towar dth e Yak

Tunne l tha n ha dbee n expected . Th e larg e column s o f wate r h i thes e well s requir e considerabl e effor t t o purg e th e require dwate r volume s fro mth e well s durin g developmen t

an dsampling . Stati c wate r

level s i n well s BBW- 5 an dBBW- 7 are close r to expecte dlevels . Th e observe dstati c wate r

level i n BBW- 5 i s approximatel y 1 0 fee t belo w th e Ya

k Tunne l level . Th e lower-than-expecte dwate r level i n thi s wel l i s probabl y du e to th e proximit y o f th e wel l t o min e working s whic h drai n directl y int o th e Ya k Tunnel . Th e observe d stati c wate r

level in well BBW- 7 i s 13 5 fee t belo w the leve

l o f the Ya k Tunnel . The BBW- 7 wate r

leve l wa s expecte dt o b e belo w th e Ya k Tunne l leve l base do n th e locatio n o f th e well . Wate r quality parameter s measure di n th e fiel dafte r wel l developmen t

b y bailin g ar e show n i n Appendi x D . Th e p H value s are generall y highe r tha n expected , indicatin g tha t aci dgroundwate r

i s no t bein g generate di n th e bedroc k aquife r peripheral t o th e Yak Tunne l at th e same elevatio n a s th e Ya k Tunnel . 11 2 WEL L BBW- 1 HYDROGEOLOGY 

### Th e firs t groundwate r

encountere ddurin g th e drillin g o f BBW- 1 wa s 31 0 to 31 5 fee t belo w groun dsurface . Th e inflo w temporaril y ceaseda s drillin g progresse dbeyon dthi s point . Wate r

wa s encountere dagain a t 72 5 to 88 5 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , wher e airliftin g produce d3 to 4 gpm . Th e specifi c conductivit y o f th e 72 5 to 88 5 foo t

interval wate r generall y increase s fro m2,060 to 2,46 0 uS/c m(equivalent to umhos/cm ) with depth . A significant

fracture encountere da t adepth o f

approximately 89 0 fee t temporaril y reduce ddril l wate r circulation , bu t

subsequentl y increase dth e airlifte dflo w rat e o f wate r fro mthe . borehole . At

adept h o f 90 5 feet , airlif

t flo w increase dto 4. 5 gp m an dspecifi c conductivity increase dslightly . Th e stati c wate r

level afte r

completio n o f

well BBW- 1 i s 47 0 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , whic h correspond s t

o 38 0 fee t

abov e the Ya

k Tunne l leve

l closest t o that well . Groundwate r

encountere di n th e 31 0 to 315-foot interval probabl y represent s flo w alon g fracture s i n th e unsaturate dzone . 22907A-22327/R2.1 1 02-24-W/W T 11- 2

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 11. 3 WEL L BBW- 2 HYDROGEOLOG Y 

### Th e firs t groundwate r

encountere ddurin g th e drillin g o f BBW- 2 wa s durin g th e installatio n o f

th e surfac e casing . Th e nex t zon e o f groundwate r

wa s encountere d approximatel y 17 5 t o 20 5 fee t belo w groun dsurface . A n airlif t o f th e wate r at 20 5 fee t produce d3 t o 4 gpm . A t adepth o f

30 5 feet , airliftin g produce donly atrac e o f water . Th e fracture dinterval fro m34 5 t o 43 0 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e produce dfro m4. 5 t o 8 gp mwith increasin g depth . A water-bearin g fracture wa s intercepte dat adepth o f

43 7 feet . Airliftin g produce d2 3 gp mat adepth o f

44 5 feet . Th e specifi c conductivity o f th e airlifte dwate r

decrease dfro m34 0 t o 25 3 u S betwee n 34 5 an d44 5 fee t belo w groun d surface . The fiel dp H o f water airlifte dfro madept

h o f 34 5 fee t wa s 10.3 . The p H droppe dt o 6.6 5 a

t 36 5 feet , an drange dfro m6.4 6 t o 6.6 5 belo w adepth o f 36 5 feet . Th e stati c wate r

leve l afte r

completio n o f

wel l BBW- 2 i s 3 0 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , whic h correspond s t o 39 0 fee t abov e th e Ya

k Tunne l leve l closes t

t o tha t well . Groundwate r

encountere di n th e interval s abov e th e screene dzon e probabl y represen t fractur e flow s withi n th e saturate dzone . 11. 4 WEL L BBW- 3 HYDROGEOLOG Y 

### Th e firs t groundwate r

encountere ddurin g th e drillin g o f BBW- 3 wa s approximatel y 40 5 fee t belo w groun dsurface . Th e flo w cease dtemporaril y a s drillin g progresse dbeyon d thi s point . Airliftin g at

62 5 an d72 5 fee t

produce d2 gpm . Wate r

bearin g fracture s wer e intercepte dfro m73 0 to 75 5 feet . Airlif t flo w rate s fo r

74 5 an d76 5 fee t

wer e 8. 6 an d 1 2 gp mrespectively . Th e specifi c conductivit y o f th e wate r decrease dwit

h depth fro m 25 2 to 23 8 u S i n th e 70 5 to 765-foo t interval , an dp H range dfro m6. 6 to 7.6 . Th e stati c wate r

leve l afte r

completio n o f

well BBW- 3 i s 51 6 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , whic h correspond s to 34 0 fee t abov e th e Ya

k Tunne l level closes t

to that well . Groundwate r

encountere da

t th e 405-foo t

level probabl y represent s flo w alon g afracture i n th e unsaturate dzone .

22907A-22327/R2.1 1 M-24-92/RP T 11-3

# I I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 11. 5 WEL L BBW- 4 HYDROGEOLOG Y 

### Th e firs t groundwater

encountere ddurin g th e drillin g o f BBW- 4 wa s 42 5 fee t

belo w groun dsurface . Mor e wate r wa s encountere dat

47 0 feet , an dairliftin g at 50 5 fee t produce d5 gpm . Fro m54 0 t o 60 5 feet , th e amoun t o f dril l circulatio n wate r

graduall y increased . Airliftin g a

t 605 , 705 , 805 , and90 5 fee t produce dapproximately 5 0 gpm . Airlif t flo w decrease dt

o approximatel y 1 5 gp ma t 1005,1025 , and104

5 feet . Fro m106

5 to 118 5 fee t airlif t flo w range dfro m2 5 to 4 0 gpm . At 120 5 an d122

5 fee t airliftin g produce d5 0 gpm . Specifi c conductivity generally increase dwit h dept h fro m19 3 to 28 2 u S i n th e 82 5 to 122

5 foo t interval . Th e p H i n thi s interval varie dirregularl y fro m5. 4 t o 

### 7.1 . Th e stati c wate r

leve l afte r

completio n o f

wel l BBW- 4 i s 67 2 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , whic h correspond s t o 49 0 fee t abov e th e Yak

Tunne l leve l closes t

t o tha t well . Groundwate r

encountere dabov e th e 67 2 foo t leve l probabl y represent s fractur e flo w throug h th e unsaturate dzone . 11. 6 WEL L BBW- 5 HYDROGEOLOG Y 

### Th e firs t groundwate r

encountere ddurin g th e drillin g o f BBW- 5 wa s durin g th e installatio n o f

th e surfac e casing . Wate r wa s no t encountere dagain unti l approximatel y 7 to 1 2 gp mwa s airlifte di n th e interval fro m20 5 to 50 5 fee t belo w groun dsurface . Th e flo w o f v/ate r subsequentl y cease dbefor e adept h o f 70 5 feet . Fro m76 5 to 84 5 fee t deep , airliftin g produce d4 t o 8 gpm . Larg e fracture s intercepte dbelo w 84 5 fee t increase dairlif

t flo w to approximatel y 2 5 gp ma t 88 5 to 90 0 fee t

belo w groun dsurface . The specifi c conductivit

y o f the airlifte dwate

r range dfro m100

6 t o 126 3 u S in the interval fro m20 5 to 82 5 fee t belo w groun dsurface . I n th e interval fro m84 5 to 90 0 feet , specifi c conductivit

y range dfro m52 2 to 63 1 uS . Th e fiel dp H o f water airlifte dfro m the interva

l fro m42 5 t

o 90 0 fee t

range dfro m8. 2 t

o 8.6 . Th e stati c wate r

level afte r

completio n o f

well BBW- 5 i s 79 6 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , whic h correspond s to 1 1 fee t belo w th e Ya

k Tunne l level closes t

to that well . Groundwate r

encountere dabov e th e 705-foo t level probabl y represent s loca l perche d aquifer s o r

fracture flo w i n th e unsaturate dzone . 22907A-22327/R2.1 1 02-24-92/RP T 11- 4

# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Woodward-Clyd e Consultant

s 11. 7 WEL L BBW- 7 HYDROGEOLOG Y Th e firs t groundwate r

encountere ddurin g th e drillin g o f BBW- 7 wa s approximatel y 16 1 fee t belo w groun dsurface . Th e stati c wate r leve l i n th e 278-foo t

dee p ope n hol e wa s measure da t

22 2 fee t belo w groun dsurfac e afte r lettin g th e wate r

leve l ris e fo r

thre e hour s afte r

drilling . Th e stati c wate r

leve l afte r

completio n o f

wel l BBW- 7 i s 22 9 fee t

belo w groun dsurface , whic h correspond s t o 13 5 fee t abov e th e Ya

k Tunne l leve l closes t

t o tha t well . Groundwate r

encountere dabov e th e 229-foo t leve l probabl y represent s alocal perche d aquife r or fractur e flo w in the unsaturate dzone .

22907A-22327/R2.1 1 02-03-92/RP T 11- 5

### • Woodward-Clyd e

_Consultant s 

# I 12. 0 REFERENCE S
I Behre , C.H. , Jr . 1953 . Geolog y an dOre Deposit s o f th e Wes t Slop e o f th e Mosquit o

_Range . U.S . Geological Surve y Professiona l Pape r 235 . Emmons , S.F. , J.D . Irving , an dG.F . Laughlin . 1927 . Geolog y an dOre Deposit s o f th e • Leadvill e Minin g District , Colorado . U.S . Geologica l Surve y Professional Pape r 

### 148 . Jonson , D.C . 1955 . Th e Geolog y o f th e Resurrectio n Min e Area , Lake County , • Colorado . M.S . Thesis . Golden , Colorado . Colorad o Schoo l o f Mines .

_Klimper , Chuc k (ASARC O Blac k

Clou dMin e Engineer) . 1990 . Persona l | Communicatio n with Woodward-Clyd e Consultants . | Res-ASARCO . 1990a . Selecte dRemed y Componen t Chang e Proposal (SRCCP) . Prepare db y Woodward-Clyd e Consultants . Marc h 20 , 1990 . Res-ASARCO . 1990b . Work Plan , Ya k Tunne l Operabl e Unit , Californi aGulc h Site , • Leadville , Colorado . Prepare db y Woodward-Clyd e Consultants . Augus t 1990 .

_Res-ASARCO . 1990c . Samplin g an dAnalysi s Pla n (SAP) , Ya

k Tunne l Operabl e Unit , I Californi aGulc h Site , Leadville , Colorado . Prepare db y Woodward-Clyd e

Consultants . April , 1990 . Revise dNovember , 199 0 andMarch , 1991 . Res-ASARCO . 1991 . Technica l Memorandu mfor

Piezometer s an dMonitorin g Wells , I Ya

k Tunne l Operabl e Unit , Californi aGulc h Site , Leadville , Colorado . Prepare d b y Woodward-Clyd e Consultants . Augus t 1991 .
• Thompson , T.B . 1974 . Cross-sections . Property o f ASARCO , Leadvill e Unit . 

# I 22907A-22327/R2.1 2 02-05-92/RP T 12- 1

### • Woodward-Clyd e

_Consultant s I U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) . 1988 . Recor do f Decisio n (ROD) , Ya

k Tunne l Operabl e Unit , Californi aGulc h Site , Leadville , Colorado . Marc h 29 , • 

### 1988 .

U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) . 1989 . Recor do f Decisio n Modification , Ya k Tunne l Operabl e Unit , Californi aGulc h Site , Leadville , Colorado . Marc h 

# I

_23 , 

### 1989 .

U.S . Environmental Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) . 199 1 DRAFT . Explanatio n o f Significan t • Difference s (ESD) , Yak Tunne l Operabl e Unit , Californi aGulc h Site , Leadville , Colorado . 

# I I I I I I I I I I I 22907A-22327/R2.1 2 02-05-92/RP T 12- 2

# I I

• APPENDI X A • FIEL D BORIN G LOG S 

# I I I I I I I 

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# I I I I I I I 1 I I I I APPENDI X C WEL L COMPLETIO N LOG S

22907A-2::327/R2.T S 02-03-92/RP TWEL L INSTALLATIO N REPOR T

PROJEC T LOCATIO N DATE COMPLETED

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[i«to'l& *t Ct>(orae/o WEL L NO . PROJEC T NO . A ? 3 3- 7 PREPARE D B Y
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PROJEC T LOCATIO N DAT E COMPLETE D 

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### ? FIGURE AWEL L INSTALLATIO N .REPOR T

PROJEC T _ LOCATIO N DATE COMPLETED

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FIGUR E 4WEL L INSTALLATIO N REPOR T WEL L NO . _ PROJEC T NO . PREPARE D B Y - -711

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## V

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DEPT H O F HOL E BELO

W GROUN D SURFAC E ELEVATIO N O F BOTTO M O F HOL E FIGUR E 4PROJEC T _

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HEIGH T O F S«RF*e

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W GROUN D SURFAC E ELEVATIO N O F BOTTO M O F HOL E 3 ' O

FIGUR E 4WEL L INSTALLATIO N REPOR T

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# I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I 

# 1 I I I APPENDI XD WEL L DEVELOPMEN T LOG S

22907A-2232''/R2.T S 02-05-92/RPT

### MONITORIN GWEL LDEVELOPMEN TSUMMARY

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# I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I APPENDI X E SURVEYIN G DATA

02-28-92/RP

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