Definition:

!,9@=0 4> ,;;740/ -07:B ?30 >:47 >@=1,.0

?: =0/@.0 ,88:94, ,9/ :/:= 084>>4:9> ,9/

?30 ;:?09?4,7 1:= 9@?=409? =@9:11 ?: >@=1,.0

B,?0=>

Purpose:

77 :1 ?30 ,88:94, 49 8,9@=0 B34.3 .,9

.:8;=4>0 	:= 8:=0 :1 ?30 ?:?,7 94?=:209

.,9 -0 7:>? ?3=:@23 A:7,?474E,?4:9 1:77:B492

7,9/ ,;;74.,?4:9 &0>0,=.3 3,> >3:B9 ?3,?

/0;:>4?492 8,9@=0 -07:B ?30 >:47 >@=1,.0

.,9 =0/@.0 ,88:94, 7:>>0> -D ,> 8@.3 ,>


 		.:8;,=0/ ?: >@=1,.0,;;740/ 8,9@=0>

$=0A09?492 ,88:94, A:7,?474E,?4:9 49.=0,>0>

?30 ,8:@9? :194?=:209 ,A,47,-70 1:= .=:;

2=:B?3 ?30=0-D ;:?09?4,77D -09014?492

;=:/@.0=> ?3=:@23 , =0/@.0/ 900/ 1:=

94?=:209 10=?474E0= 9 ,//4?4:9 /0.=0,>492

?30 7:>> :1 ,88:94, 1=:8 7,9/,;;740/

8,9@=0> =0/@.0> ?304= ;:?09?4,7 48;,.? :9

,4= <@,74?D #?30= -09014?> 49.7@/0 ?30

=0/@.?4:9 49 :/:= ?3,? :..@=> 1:77:B492

>@->@=1,.0 ,;;74.,?4:9 :18,9@=0 ,9/ ,

=0/@.?4:9 49 ?30 =@9:11 :19@?=409?> ?:

>@=1,.0 B,?0=>

How Does This Practice Work:

 4<@4/ ,9/ >:74/ 8,9@=0> >3:@7/ -0

/0;:>4?0/  ?:  49.30> -07:B ?30 >:47

>@=1,.0 := 74<@4/ 8,9@=0> ?34> .,9 -0

,..:8;74>30/ A4, >3,96 4950.?4:9 := B4?3 ,

>D>?08 ?3,? .:8-490> >:80 1:=8 :1 ?477,20

?: 49.:=;:=,?0 ?30 8,9@=0 ':74/ 8,9@=0>

?0>?0/ B4?3 ;:@7?=D 74??0= ,9/ .:8;:>?0/

8,9@=0> .,9 -0 /0;:>4?0/ -07:B ?30 >@=1,.0

B4?3 , /0A4.0 /0A07:;0/ -D ?30 2=4.@7?@=,7

&0>0,=.3 '0=A4.0 =010==0/ ?: ,> ?30

'@->@=10= 9 -:?3 49>?,9.0> , >3,77:B

?=09.3 4> .=0,?0/ 49 ?30 >:47 ,9/ ?30 8,9@=0

4> ;7,.0/ 49 ?30 ?=09.3 ,9/ ?309 ?30 >:47 4>

.7:>0/ :A0= ?30 8,9@=0

Where This Practice Applies and

Its Limitations:

(34> ;=,.?4.0 ,;;740> ?: ,77 74A0>?:.6

:;0=,?4:9> ?3,? ;=:/@.0 74<@4/ 8,9@=0 :=

.:8;:>? ,9/ ;:@7?=D :;0=,?4:9> ?3,? ;=:/@.0

/=D 74??0= B4?3 , 8:4>?@=0 .:9?09? 70>> ?3,9

-=:470= -=00/0= ,9/ ?@=60D 3:@>0>

Effectiveness:

0;:>4?492 8,9@=0 -07:B ?30 >:47 >@=1,.0

2=0,?7D =0/@.0> 94?=:209 7:>> ?3=:@23

,88:94, A:7,?474E,?4:9 +309 .:8;,=0/ ?:

>@=1,.0,;;740/ 8,9@=0> ,88:94, 7:>>0>

1=:8 4950.?0/ 74<@4/ /,4=D 8,9@=0 B0=0

=0/@.0/ @; ?:  0D?08 0? ,7 		 ,9/

>@->@=1,.0 ,;;74.,?4:9 B,> 
 		0110.?4A0

49 ;=0A09?492 ,88:94, 7:>> 1=:8 ;:@7?=D

74??0= $:?0 0? ,7 	

 (34> /0.=0,>0 49

,?8:>;30=4. ,88:94, 084>>4:9 =0>@7?> 49

8:=0 >:47 94?=:209 ,A,47,-70 1:= .=:;

;=:/@.?4:9 -@? ,7>: /0.=0,>0> ,4= ;:77@?4:9

,88:94, 4> , ;=0.@=>:= ?: ?30 1:=8,?4:9 :1

;,=?4.@7,?0 8,??0= ,.4/ ;=0.4;4?,?4:9 ,9/

,?8:>;30=4. 94?=:209 /0;:>4?4:9 0;:>4?492

8,9@=0 -07:B ?30 >:47 >@=1,.0 .,9 ,7>:

/0.=0,>0 9@?=409? 7:>>0> 49 >?:=8 ,9/

4==42,?4:9 =@9:11 1:77:B492 7,9/ ,;;74.,?4:9

-D 	&:?E 0? ,7 	

 B34.3 .,9 =0/@.0

?30 ;:?09?4,7 1:= 8,9@=0 ,;;74.,?4:9 ?:

48;,4= B,?0= <@,74?D

Cost of Establishing and Putting

Practice in Place

)>0 :1 >@->@=1,.0 ,;;74.,?4:9 49.=0,>0>

?30 0<@4;809? .:>? ,9/ ;:B0= =0<@4=0/ ,9/

>7:B> ?30 8,9@=0 ,;;74.,?4:9 :;0=,?4:9

49.=0,>492 1@07 ,9/ 7,-:= =0<@4=0809?>

(30=01:=0 ?30 90? .:>? :18,9@=0 ,;;74.,?4:9

/0;09/> @;:9 ?30 ,//0/ 0<@4;809? .:>? ,9/

?30 ;=4.0 :1 1@07 ,9/ 7,-:= (: 4950.? 74<@4/

8,9@=0 @>492 , /=,2 3:>0 80?3:/ ?30 .:>?

:1 ?30 0<@4;809? 900/0/ ;@8;> ,9/ 3:>0

4> 0>?48,?0/ ,? 
 
				 ;7@> , .:>? :1 		


?: 		
  ;0= 2,77:9 1:= ,;;74.,?4:9 @; ?:

Subsurface Injection of Manure to

Reduce Ammonia Losses and Odor

@?3:=> 08,47

;=47 0D?08,=>@>/,2:A

,9$:?0,=>@>/,2:A

Developed by:

Livestock

GRACEnet

leading the

development of

mitigation practices

to reduce emissions

from livestock

production

For more information

visit us at

www.ars.usda.gov/

livestockGRACEnet

USDA is an equal

opportunity provider and

employer
:90 8470 1=:8 ?30 B,>?0B,?0= ;:9/ := 7,2::9

7?0=9,?4A07D 74<@4/ 8,9@=0 .,9 -0 4950.?0/ B4?3 ?30

@>0 :1 , >7@==D ?,96 B,2:9 14??0/ B4?3 , >3,96 4950.?4:9

>D>?08 B30=0 ,//4?4:9,7 1@07 ,9/ 7,-:= @>0 ,=0 ?30

8,49 0C;09>0>

(30 .:>? :1 ?30 '@->@=10= 4> 9:? .@==09?7D 69:B9 ,>

4? 4> 9:? 49 1@77 ;=:/@.?4:9 -@? ?30 ,//0/ 1@07 .:>? 1:=

:;0=,?492 ?30 ?=,.?:=/=,B9 '@->@=10= ,=0 0>?48,?0/ ?:

-0 ,-:@?  ;0= ,.=0 ,? .@==09? /40>07 ;=4.0>

2,77:9 (30 >@->@=1,.0 ,;;74.,?4:9 :1 /=D ;:@7?=D

74??0= .,9 ;:?09?4,77D ;=0A09? ?30 7:>> :18:=0 ?3,9 	

7- :1 " 1=:8 0,.3 ?:9 :1 74??0= ,;;740/ (3@> ?30

;:?09?4,7 >,A492> :9 ,  ?:9,.=0 ,;;74.,?4:9 .:@7/

0C.00/ 	 7- :1 " 1:= 0,.3 ,.=0 ?=0,?0/ ,9/ ?30

=0/@.?4:9 49 10=?474E0= .:>?> /0;09/09? :9 ;=4.0 ;0= 7-

.,9 -0 >@->?,9?4,7 950.?4:9 :1 74<@4/ /,4=D 8,9@=0

.:@7/ =0;7,.0 @; ?: 
 	 7-> :1 @=0, ;0= ,.=0 ? .@==09?

10=?474E0= ;=4.0> 		?:9 @=0, ?34> >,A492 49 10=?474E0=

4> B:=?3 ,;;=:C48,?07D ,.=0  .:8;=0309>4A0

.:8;,=4>:9 :1 4950.?4:9 ,9/ >@=1,.0 ,;;74.,?4:9

80?3:/> :9 /4110=09? ?D;0> :1 1,=8> 3,> >3:B9 , =,920

49 ?30 0.:9:84. -09014? 1:= ?30 @>0 :1 4950.?4:9 1=:8 ,

>8,77 90? .:>? ?: ?30 ;=:/@.0= ?: ,9 49.=0,>0 49 1,=8

;=:14? /0;09/492 @;:9 ?30 .=:;> 2=:B9 ,9/ :?30=

9@?=409? 8,9,20809? ,>;0.?> :1 ?30 1,=8 &:?E 0? ,7

	



Operation and Maintenance:

:= 74<@4/ 8,9@=0 4950.?4:9 , >3,96 4950.?:= :=

:?30= ?477,20 /0A4.0 4> ;@770/ -0349/ , ?=,.?:= B4?3 ,

3:>0 ,??,.30/ 1:= ;@8;492 74<@4/ 8,9@=0 49?: ?30

?=09.3 ?3,? 4> 1:=80/ 7?0=9,?4A07D 4950.?:=> ,=0

,//0/ :9 ?30 -,.6 :1 , >7@==D ?,96 B,2:9 ?3,? 4950.?>

8,9@=0 /4=0.?7D 1=:8 ?30 ?,96 (30 '@->@=10= 4> ;@770/

-D , ?=,.?:= ,9/ @>0> /4>6> ?: :;09 , ?=09.3 1:= 8,9@=0

/0;:>4?4:9 (30 8,9@=0 4> .:9A0D0/ ?: ?30 >:47 A4, ,

>D>?08 :1 ,@20=> ?3,? .=@>3 ?30 8,?0=4,7 9 ,77 :1 ?30>0

:;0=,?4:9> 8,49?09,9.0 4> =0<@4=0/ :9 ?30 ?=,.?:= ,9/

8,9@=0 ,;;74.,?:= ,> B077 ,> ,9D ?477,20 48;70809? ?3,?

8,D -0 @>0/ 1 , /=,2 3:>0 >D>?08 4> @>0/ ?30=0 4>

,7>: 8,49?09,9.0 :9 ?30 ;@8;> ,9/ 3:>0>

References:

 0D?08  5:=90-0=2   '3011407/ & ,9/

/0 ,=: !,=?4 ! 		 ,>0 >?@/D #91,=8

0A,7@,?4:9 :1 74<@4/ /,4=D 8,9@=0 ,;;74.,?4:9 80?3:/>

?: =0/@.0 ,88:94, 7:>>0> $=:1 948 '.4 

$:?0  +,D (& 70498,9 $ !::=0 $

= !04>4920=  '4>?,94 & ',;:=4?: ' 7709

  ,9/ 0D0=04>09 + 	

 '@->@=1,.0

,;;74.,?4:9 :1 ;:@7?=D 74??0= 49 ;,>?@=0 ,9/ 9:?477 >:47>

 9A4=:9 %@,7 
	 
	




&:?E  $ 70498,9  077 (  *04?3 ,9/

 00270 	

 9A4=:9809?,7 ,9/ 0.:9:84.

.:8;,=4>:9> :18,9@=0 ,;;74.,?4:9 80?3:/> 49

1,=8492 >D>?08>  9A4=:9 %@,74?D 
	




For Further Information:

:9?,.? ;=47 0D?08 ,? 	
	

,;=4770D?08,=>@>/,2:A := ,9 $:?0 ,? 



 /,9;:?0,=>@>/,2:A

'@->@=1,.0 /0;:>4?4:9 :1 74<@4/ 8,9@=0 A4, >3,96 4950.?4:9 701? ,9/ >@->1@=,.0

/0;:>?4:9 :1 ;:@7?=D 74??0= @>492 ?30 '@->@=10= =423?

This practice falls under the NRCS

Conservation Practice Standard

590 (Nutrient Management)