NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

4966

REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL

to

JAPAN, AUSTRALIA, INDIA, PAKISTAN, AND EUROPE

to

DISCUSS TEXTILE RESEARCH, EDUCATION, STANDARDS,

TESTING METHODS, PROCESSING, AND SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT

August 3 j 1955 to November 6, 1955

<fi>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Sinclair Weeks, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A. V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Rureau of Standards at its headquarters in Washington,

D. C., and its major field laboratories in Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of

the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section carries out spe- cialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its title. A brief

description of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the

inside back cover of this report.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Electricity and Electronics. Resistance and Reactance. Electron Tubes. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements. Dielectrics. Engineering Electronics. Electronic Instrumentation.

Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Engineering Metrology.

Heat and Power. Temperature Physics. Thermodynamics. Cryogenic Physics. Rheology

and Lubrication. Engine Fuels.

Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. X-rays. Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment. AEC Radiation Instruments. Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Gas Chemistry. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics.

Mass and Scale. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls.

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifications. Polymer Structure. Organic Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion.

Metals Physics.

Mineral Products. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Concreting

Materials. Constitution and Microstructure.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Heating and Air Conditioning. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Specifications.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics.

Data Processing Systems. SEAC Engineering Group. Components and Techniques. Digital

Circuitry. Digital Systems. Analogue Systems. Application Engineering.

• Office of Basic Instrumentation • Office of Weights and Measures

BOULDER, COLORADO

Cryogenic Engineering. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials.

Gas Liquefaction.

Radio Propagation Physics. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular

Propagation Services. Sun-Earth Relationships. * Radio Propagation Engineering. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Modulation Systems.

Navigation Systems. Radio Noise. Tropospheric Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Radio

Systems Application Engineering.

Radio Standards. Radio Frequencies. Microwave Frequencies. High Frequency Electrical

Standards. Radio Broadcast Service. High Frequency Impedance Standards. Calibration

Center. Microwave Physics. Microwave Circuit Standards.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

NBS PROJECT NBS REPORT

0702-40-0799 Sep t embe r 2

5

, 19 55 4966

report on international travel

to

JAPAN, AUSTRALIA, INDIA, PAKISTAN, AND EUROPE

to

DISCUSS TEXTILE RESEARCH', EDUCATION, STANDARDS,

TESTING METHODS , PROCESSING, AND SPECIALISED EQUIPMENT

By

Dr* Herbert F , Schiefer

Textiles Section, National Bureau of Standards

August 3* 1955 to November 6, 1955

<NBS>

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The publication

unless permissii

25, D. C. Such

tally prepared

. , r- it « i ii or in part, is prohibited Approved for public release by the

,rr

. . „ Standards, Washington Director ot the National Institute of

i report has been specm- Standards and Technology (NIST) r report for its own use . on October 9,2015.

REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL

to

JAPAN, AUSTRALIA, INDIA, PAKISTAN, AND EUROPE

to

DISCUSS TEXTILE RESEARCH, EDUCATION, STANDARDS,

TESTING METHODS, PROCESSING, AND SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT

By

Dr. Herbert F. Schiefer

Textiles Section, National Bureau of Standards

August 3* 1955 to November 6, 1955

1. College of Science, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan. Sunday , August 7 , 1955 * The discussions concerning the visits in Japan With the

following were most helpful and beneficial:

Enji Naito, Past President, Nitto Spinning Company

H. Tsukahara, Nitto Spinning Company

Dr„ Masatami Takeda, Prof. Physical Chemistry,

Tokyo College of Science

Keikichi Aral, Director, The Society of Polymer Science

and Lecturer at Tokyo and Keio Universities

T. Takahiko, Planning Department, The Society of Polymer

Science

Yukichi Aral, Department of Literature, Sofia University,

Interpreter.

Visited Tokyo University with Prof. Takeda and met his

wife and two daughters. Also met the director of the laboratories

of the largest Department Store of Tokyo, who is a former

student of Prof. Takeda, and was given a guided tour of the

store and the modern air conditioned restaurant. It was impressive to observe the quantity and quality of merchandise

and the huge crowd in the store, which remained open on Sunday until midnight. Prof. Takeda is on leave for 1955-57 to

the University of Illinois and Harvard University and is planning a visit to the National Bureau of Standards before his

return to Japan.

2. American Embassy, Tokyo, Japan. August 8, 1955 »

Mr. Connelly, General Services Officer, provided very

helpful information in connection with my travels in Japan.

3. The Society of Polymer Science, Tokyo, Japan, August 8, 1955 » Prof. Keikichi Arai, Director, explained the functions of

the Society and of its publications, namely, "Journal of Popular

Science of High Polymer" and "Report of Research of Society of

Polymer Science". The August issue of the former and the June
2

and July issues of the latter were obtained as being typical.

(They are in Japanese language.) Prof. K. Aral and Y. Aral

accompanied me in all my visits in Tokyo and their assistance

and hospitality are gratefully acknowledged and deeply

appreciated

4 . Government Chemical Industrial Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan . August o, 1955*

Dr. Koshiro Ishimura, Director, who had just returned in

the morning from a 110 day round-the-world trip and including

a visit to the National Bureau of Standards, explained the

functions of the institute and the facilities in a tour through

the laboratories. The basic researches are primarily aimed

toward eventual pilot plant production of industrial products

from raw materials that are available in Japan. A vitamin had

been isolated from rice bran and it was claimed that fowl gained

25^ more weight in 90 days when fed 0.02 mg per day. The

crystalline structure had been determined but the chemical

structure was still unknown. A low density refractory (1.05)

of low thermal conductance (0.12) and resistant to high

temperatures (1700° F) was in pilot plant production. Extensive

researches were in progress recovering salts from sea water

and producing fertilizers from rock. A 90 page booklet,

published in 1950 in English, was obtained and it describes

the main researches of the past and also the then current

programs and is available for reference.

5. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan. August 9 , 1955 * Professors Hosaku Uchida and Kan Shirakashi and members

of the research staff. This Institute is located at Oh-Okayama,

Meguraku, which is some 15 miles from the center of Tokyo.

The Institute was established in l88l as the Tokyo Trade School

and in less than 70 years has become an outstanding Technical

Institute of University standing. In addition to the main

buildings of lecture :rooms and dormitories there are over 25

laboratory buildings for researches in chemistry, dye chemistry,

textiles, textile engineering, ceramics, applied chemistry,

electrochemistry steam and power, metal engineering, internal

combustion, hydraulics, electric power and high voltage,

chemical engineering, architectural engineering, building

materials, precision machinery, and chemical resources.

Aeronautical engineering was abolished after World War II.

After a tour through the research facilities in the fields

of textiles and a general discussion with members of the staff

one was impressed with the great emphasis on research, especially

applied, in addition to training of engineers and scientists.

In the field of textiles, for example, may be mentioned research and development work on tow to yarn spinning, development of SY yarn evenness tester based upon an aerodynamic

sensing element (airmicrometer) with automatic recording and
- 3

-

and integration, development of an abrasion machine for testing 20 specimens simultaneously, studies of roller gripping

in drafting and spinning machines. In general, the research

studies are carried through the pilot production stage. The

SY Evenness Tester is manufactured by Shimadzu Co., Ltd.

6. Kyoto, Japan. August 9* 1955 » Upon arrival in Kyoto had conference with Dr. Kiyohisa

Fujino, Professor of Engineering, Kyoto University, and Chief

Editor, Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan,

concerning the arrangements for my visits in Japan and for my

lectures. This discussion, carried on in German, resulted in

a most satisfactory program for the visits in Kyoto, Osaka,

and Nagoya.

7. Toyo Rayon Company, Ishiyama Otsu, Kyoto, Japan. August 10,

Iwao Iwanaga, Managing Director

Kotaro Tanemura, Auditor

Kohei Hoshino, Director of Research Laboratory

T. Ohara, Manager of Seta Plant

Prof. Kiyohesa Fujino, Kyoto University

This company is a leading producer of rayon and sole

producer of nylon in Japan. Visited two of the six plants,

filament and spun yarn. The spun yarn plant contained over

100.000 spindles and uses new high drafting spinning machines,

draft ratio of about 160, and it contained 370 new high speed

automatic looms. The company produces the following main

items and has the indicated productive capacity for each.

Regular tenacity rayon yarn 38,500,000 lb.; high tenacity

rayon yarn 7,500,000 lb.; rayon staple 61,000,000 lb.; spun

rayon and nylon blended yarn 26,100,000 lb.; nylon filament

yarn 12,100,000 lb.; nylon staple 5*400,000 lb.; nylon monofilament 280,000,000 meters; rayon, nylon and mixed filament

fabrics 2,400,000 sq. yd.; spun rayon and nylon blended fabrics

20.500.000 sq. yd.; rayon tire fabrics 2,700,000 lb.; dyeing

and finishing of rayon, nylon, blended, and mixed fabrics

29* 400,000 sq. yd. Through extensive research and modernization of equipment the Toyo Rayon Company aims to produce the

highest quality at the lowest cost. The 1955 production

exceeded the highest prewar level and a large percentage of

production was exported.

8.

Kyoto University, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto, Japan . August 10, 1955 . Prof. Kiyohisa Fujino

Prof. Masao Horio

Prof. Takashi Kondo
- 4 -

Kyoto University, founded in 1897 with only 53 students,

has grown rapidly to a distinguished undergraduate and graduate

university with about 10,000 students in 1955* Excellent work

is done in the field of textiles, textile chemistry and applied

mechanics to textile machinery, as a part of the Faculty of

Engineering. The outstanding work of Professors Fujino, Horio,

Kondo, and associates is well known from their publications in

Textile Research Journal. Nevertheless it was very enlightening

to observe their research facilities and to participate in

stimulating discussions concerning friction measurements of

travelers in ring spinning, internal friction in tire cords,

visco-elastic properties of fibers, double refraction, dynamic

measurements from subsonic to supersonic frequencies in different fibers, and newly developed electron microscope. It was

stated that five different electron microscopes have been

developed in Japan for commercial production.

9. Toyo Spinning Company, Ltd., ("Toyobo") Osaka, Japan. August

11, 1955 ° Kojiro Abe, President

Tamezo Yabuta, Vice President, Research and Manufacturing

Toru Saburi, Director of Textile Research Institute and

Head of Technical Department

Toyohiko Ohta, Director and Manager of Institute for

Textile Chemical Research

M. Shibata, Chief of Dyeing and Finishing Department

M. Yokoi, Manager of Moriguchi Dyeing Works

Shiro Koga, Manager of Spinning

Setsuo Nomura, Manager of Woolen

Since the end of World War II the Toyo Spinning Company,

known as "Toyobo" the largest textile company in Japan, has

acquired a "New Look" through extensive modernizations of

manufacturing machinery, research and technical activities

and developments, and thorough-going quality controls. In

connection with the efforts in quality control Toyobo was presented the Deming Award in 1952 by the Japanese Union of

Scientists and Engineers. In the newest cotton spinning mill

unusually fine cotton yarns, count of l60 and higher, can be

spun. It owns 27 mills, produces wood pulp for making filament

and staple rayon; spins cotton, woolen, worsted, and rayon

yarns; weaves fabrics from these yarns; dyes and finishes the

woven fabrics. It operates a Textile Research Institute, a

Chemical Research Institute for Textiles, and an Institute for

Economic Research. Its educational facilities include a

Training Center, a School for Nurses, and a Vocational High School

in every mill. Mr. Koga stated that their first attempt to

employ the N. C. State School of Textiles recommendations for

high cotton carding production was not successful, but in view

of the tremendous potential savings possible that a second

application study is in progress. It was only possible to
- 5 -

A

observe the facilities of the laboratories of Textile Chemistry

and of the Dyeing, Printing, and Finishing Plant at Moriguchi.

The latter is equipped with new machinery for continuous bleaching, Sanforizing, dyeing, finishing, and printing and has a

monthly productive capacity of 6 million yards for bleaching

and 2 million yards for printing. It is interesting to note

that the average age and average period of employment of 300

male workers were 30 and 7 years and for 340 female workers

19 and 3 years, respectively. After observing the quantity and

quality of this plant and assuming that this plant is typical

of the other plants the claim for. the slogan 11 A New Look at

Toyobo" seems appropriate.

10. All Japan Cotton Spinners' Association, Osaka, Japan. August

11 , 195$ . Kuniji Ohba, Chief of Technical Division.

The primary function of the association is compilation

and dissemination of statistical data concerning the cotton

industry in Japan and in other countries as well. The information compiled for the May 1955 issues seem extremely

comprehensive and complete and these copies are available to

anyone interest in such information.

11 . Japan Cotton Technical Institute, Osaka, Japan. August 11, 1955 » Fusajiro Abe, President

C. Qba, Director

This Institute was established 4 years ago for the following objectives:

1. To make technological studies and researches on cotton

spinning, weaving and finishing and also on blending with

other fibers.

2. To make joint studies in cooperation with, or entrust such

works to Universities and other Technical Institutes.

3. To collect books and data on textile technology and to

arrange meetings for technical study and research.

4. To do other business necessary to achieve the objects of

the Institute. In less than two years over 30 projects were

entrusted to 15 different Universities. Much progress has

been made on these projects. In 1953 a branch office of the

Institute was opened for promotion and educational purposes

at Japan Spinners' Inspection Foundation. The purpose of

this branch is to display for operation and public inspection

a wide range of new textile machinery and samples of textiles
- 6 -

produced by cotton mills in Japan This facility is rather

unusual and. comprehensive and contains some 2p processing

machines from about a dozen manufacturers, auxiliary machineries

from over 60 makers, and textile products from over 20 textile

manufacturers The Show Room is running on a semi-permanent

basis and whenever a new type of machinery- is available the

old one is replaced by the new one- Demonstrations of the

machines exhibited are conducted for 2 days a month, although

the Show Room is open daily to the public and particularly

to buyers The OM-S type Super High Draft Ring Spinning Frame

is mentioned as a typical exhibit- With it yarns are spun

directly from the Draw Frame Sliver and drafting up to 700

times is possible when very fine count yarns are spun, for

example the drafting is 300 to 400 for 60 to 80 count and 150

to 250 for 20 to 40 count. In conventional spinning drafting

of 20 to 50 times is considered "High Draft"- The unusual

interest in this development is immediately apparent and it

is my understanding that arrangements have recently been completed for distribution of this equipment in the United States.

It was stated that almost a million spindles are already in

use in textile mills of Japan and other countries

12. Japan Spinners Inspecting Foundation, JSIF, Osaka. Japan,

August 11, 1955-

Bungo Urnemiya, Director and Chief of Yarn Inspection

Department

,

The new laboratories of the Japan Spinners Inspecting

Foundation are equipped with new instruments and facilities

for testing and new cotton processing machinery c. One of the

primary functions of the foundation is to inspect and test

cotton products made in Japan for conformance with established

quality standards for export trade and issuing certificates

in accordance with the Export Commodities Control Law, In

addition to the head office in Osaka, the Foundation maintains

an office in Tokyo and also seven Inspection Houses serving'

different areas of Japan,

1 3 c Japan Synthetic Textile Inspection Institute, Foundation , JSTIXF, Osaka, Japan, August 11, 1955

Kyuichi Ohata, President

Risaku Tsunokae, Director, Central Testing Institute

The extensive laboratory facilities and new instruments

were observed and the functions were discussed Chemically

produced textile fibers and their products are subjected to

an exact and strict inspection by the Japan Synthetic Textile

Inspection Institute, Foundation (JSTIIF) prior to export in

accordance with the Export Commodities Control Law Seven

branch inspection houses serve different areas and the.
-7~

'products of the mills in these areas are examined daily and

samples are submitted to the Central laboratories in Osaka

for quality conformance according to Textiles Grading

Standards known as Japan Industrial Standards (JIS) which

are drawn up by authorities on the subject and instituted by

the Minister of International Trade and Indus try „ All goods

inspected by the Institute are stamped with the mark

M JSTIIFW - The total quantity inspected from April 1953 to

March 1954- were as follows:

Rayon Filament Yarn

Rayon Staple

Spun Rayon Yarn

Rayon Filament Fabric

(grey)

Spun Rayon Fabric (grey)

Spun Rayon Fabric

( finished)

Spun Vinylon Fabric (grey)

Spun ¥ inylon and Nylon

Filament Fabrics

( finished)

The keynote to an expanding export market and retention

of this market of Japanese textiles is high quality products

and maintenance of high quality,, JSTXXP, as well as JSIF,

are Government*»approv@d inspection organizations » The stamp

of approval by these foundations is highly regarded and

appreciated in both overseas and home markets 0

14. Osaka University, Faculty of Engineering Conference, Osaka , Japan , August 12, 195

5

„ Prof e Tokio Uematsu^ Osaka University , Mechanical Engineering

Prof c Kemeo Nakajima, Naniwa University, Faculty of

Engineering, Osaka, Interpreter

Prof, Kujohisa Fujlno, Kyoto University, Faculty of Engineering

Prof G W s Tsuji, Kypto University, Faculty of Engineering

Prof r M 0 Qgave, Kyoto Technical Art & Textile Fiber University

Prof* M 0 Oku, Kobe University, Faculty of Engineering

Akira Aoki, Research Processing Dept 0 , Daiwa Spinning Co op Osaka„

Shiro Koga, Spinning Department, Toyobo, Osaka

T 0 Ueno, Managing Director and Secretary, Japan Textile

Machinery Association, Osaka

T a Furuichi, President, Kamitsu Iron Works, Itami Hyogo-ken,

Osaka

T„ Kikuchi, Editor, Jour, Textile Machinery Society of Japan

144,000,000 lb.

675,000 lb 0 248,000 ,000 lb.

2 , 926,000 linear yards

152 , 000,000 square yards

19 *ooo'qoq square yards

272,000 square yards

2 , 297,000 square yards
In this forenoon conference questions pertaining to the

testing of textiles, quality control, research, processing,

and finishing were discussed 0 This question and answer con«

ference was very stimulating and provided opportunity for

discussion of problems of mutual interest e

15 - Lecture arranged by

Kyoto

August miBingomachlo Osaka , Japan and

Kojiro Abe, President, Toyo Spinning Co 0 , Chairman

Prof 0 K 0 Fujlno, Kyoto University, Discussion Leader

Prof 0 K 0 Nakajlma, Naniwa University , Interpreter

The lecture entitled “Textile Research in the United

States* was attended by over 300 scientists and textile

technologists,, The lecture was translated into Japanese

by Prof e Nakajima, a recent graduate of the School of

Textiles of N 0 G 0 State College, from memory in intermittent

fashion of 1 to 2 minute speaking steps „ It was illustrated

with numerous slides and a special motion picture film and

the total duration and discussion lasted three hours 0 The

very attentive and appreciative audience made this lecture

a new and delightful experience insplte of the intensely

hot and humid afternoon,,

16 o Teikoku Rayon Company, Nagcya, Japan. mi*

Isamu WashIda, Plant Superintendent

Hodaka Toshio, Chief, Business Section

The Teikoku Rayon Company is the oldest and largest

producer of rayon in Japan and has plants in ? cities 0 The

new mill at Nagoya was established in 1951 to produce spun

yarn and woven fabric

s

a It is an extremely modern mill,

equipped with high speed automatic looms and over 60,000

spindles of the super high draft system previously discussed,,

The yarns spun were of 20 to 60 count and the draft ratio

from sliver to yarn was 200 0 The annual production of spun

rayon yarn is about 27 million pounds of 2? average count

„

The mill is air conditioned throughout and the air is cleaned

by means of two large capacity electrostatic air filtering

units 0 The mill was exceptionally clean and the yarns and

fabrics produced were spotless* About 30$ of production is

for export o About 80$ of the 1020 employees are young women,

who are housed in new company dormitories and receive special

training at company expense 0 It was extremely gratifying to

be able to observe the excellent facilities of this most

modern mill 0 The company conducts researches in all fields

of raw materials, chemicals, machines, finishing of rayon

fabrics, and new synthetic fibers in its modern Research

Institute and the results are put immediately to test at

the Komatsu Mlll 0
9

17 » Government Industrial Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan , August 13, 1955 -

Dr 0 Taro Hieada, Director

This Institute is a branch of the main Institute in Tokyo

and is operated as a part of the Ministry of International

Trade and Industry, It has over 300 employees f has an annual

budget of about $500*000 and conducts research in six Divisions

that is primarily aimed at industrial applications 0 The

Mechanical Division is concerned with textile machinery* blcy«

eles, gears* cutting tools* machine shop machines , bearings,

forming and extruding techniques for metals and plastics, solar

furnaces, automatic controls, electronic computers, electric

spark and ultrasonic forming, radioactive isotopes, and

quality control of manufactured products,, Polymer chemistry,

organic synthesis of dyes and dyestuffs, synthetic resins form

a part of the Chemical Division which includes a very wide

range of general and specialized research in eheraistry 0 The

other Divisions are Metallurgy, Ceramic, and Porcelain and

Pottery* The Institute has a three stage electron microscope

with resolution of 2m m and reflection and transmission

photographs can be taken even at high temperatures, max 0 900° C 0 Dr„ Hisada visited MBS after attending the International

Conferences on Solar Energy in Arizona in the Fall of 1955*

18 « Lecture arranged by Nagoya University and the Institute B Nagoya. Japan, August 13 « 195

5

c Prof 0 Kenj i Tanaka, Textile Department, Nagoya Institute of

Technology,, Chairman

Prof 0 Koji Nakanishi, Chemistry Department, Nagoya University,

Interpreter 0 The lecture given in Osaka was repeated upon request and

was translated in the same manner by ?rof D Nakanishi, who

received his D 0 Sci, Degree from Yale University,,

19c Informal Discussion arranged by Nagoya Branch of Textile

Machinery Society, Gifu, Japan „ Evening. August 13. 195

5

a K c Kato, Textile Machinery Society

Suehoru Yasuda, Manager, Kurashiki Cotton Spinning Company,

Anjo Mill.

$ 0 Kitaml, TOA Wool Spinning and Weaving Company, Kusu Mill

Professors Hisada, Tanaka, Nakanishi, and others

Opportunity was had to discuss the facilities of mills

which time did not permit to visit „ One was Kurashiki Cotton

Spinning Company that operates 12 modernized mills for cotton

spinning, weaving, and finishing,, Their Anjo Mill was

constructed in 1951 and is considered one of the most modernized
- 10-

mills in Japan 0 There are two spinning units and one weaving

unit in this mill 0 The spinning units are equipped with

96,000 ring spindles of the most improved super high draft

system* The weaving unit consists of 962 automatic looms 0 The Company also provides many recreational, welfare and

educational facilities for its employees 0 Photographs

provided of the interior of this mill indicate the entensive

and extremely modern aspects of the mil]. Their Kusu Mill

has 80,000 spindles for worsted spinning* French system, ring

and mule spinning* The discussions ended about midnight

in a small boat on Nagara River during which a delightful

meal was had and opportunity was provided to observe Cormorant

fishing by Masters according to the manner and customs of 1500

years ago,

20 . Seminar arranged by the Society of Polymer Science, Tokyo a Japan, August 14 0 1955T

~

Prof , r.K* Aral, Keio University, Chairman

ProfoEiichi Kiyooka, Director, International Department,

Kei© University, Interpreter

Takeo Takagi, Director Vice-President, Toho Rayon Company

Yoshio Tsunoda, Director, Asahl-Dow Limited

Prof 0 Hidehiko Higashi, Agency of Industrial Science and

Technology

Prof 0 ElIchi Fukada, Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research,

Tokyo

Prof 0 M„ Suzuki, Shinshu University, Faculty of Textile and

Sericulture, IJeda

Prof,, TadasiZusi, Textile College, Tokyo University of

Agricultural and Textile Technologies, Tokyo

Mamoru Nakamoto, M 9 Yams.be, and some 30 scientists and

technologists of Tokyo* An illustrated seminar lecture was

given concerning recent textile researches in the United

States and this was followed by a discussion for 1-1/2 hours

with the main interests in standards, establishment of

standards, and methods for quality control 0 Work on piezoelectricity of wood, statics of the balanced twist, simple

method of measuring the moisture content in fibrous materials

and impact actions in carding long staple fibers were mentioned

in connection with research at local universities* The Toho

Rayon Company was established in 1950 when Telkoku Sen-i K. K.

was divided into three companies to conform with the Authorized

Reorganization Plan required by the Reconstruction and Reorganization Law for Elimination of Excessive Concentration of

Economic Power „ The main products are “spiral® crimped rayon

staple, spun rayon yarns and fabrics , direct spun (tow to

yarn) rayon yarns and fabrics, spun^dyed crimped rayon staple,

rayon yarn spun on the wool«sp inning systems, and acetylated

crimped rayon fiber 0 Considerable information concerning the

manufacture of these products was made available*
11

21* Keio University, Mlta. Mlnatoku t Tokyo. Japan, August 15. 1955 . Prof. Dr. Mo Masima, Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Applied

Physics

Prof 0 Dr e M. Fujii, Dept, of Applied Chemistry

Prof, Dr. I„ Watanabe, Mechanical Engineering

Prof, Mikio Hiramatsu

Profo Eiichi Kiyooka, Director, Intemaional Department,

Interpreter

Prof, K, Aral, Polymer Science Lecturer

Prof, M „ Suzuki (Formerly of Keio University)

Prof 0 S 0 Akimoto

The visit to Keio University was in the nature of a series

of round-table conferences with different Professors discussing

typical researches in the various departments of the University.

Keio University was founded less than a century ago as a private school by Fukuzawa Yukichi, who is regarded as the progressive leader to introduce western culture to Japan and urge

its general adoption. In this essentially single-handed movement he had to overcome powerful opposition and even risk his

life frequently to attain his aims and convictions. He taught

himself the Dutch language and later English and his zest, zeal,

and passion for the establishment of this great progressive

Keio University were firmly rooted at this time, just about a

century ago. It seems almost incredible that as recent as a

century ago there was essentially no knowledge of western

culture and progress in Japan in contrast to the position

and leadership currently found in the modern Japanese industries,

culture, and education. In the ceaseless efforts to promote

western culture in education, Fukuzawa Yukichi became a prolific

writer and derived considerable income with which to support

the phenomenal growth of Keio University. This unselfish

dedication to the high aims and ideals of Keio University has

been perpetuated to the present by the Faculty and Students

in rebuilding Keio University, which was so severely destroyed

by bombs at the close of World War II, and is an indelible

impression of the visit. The theoretical and experimental

researches in applied science are not only extensive but

thorough. The study on “Pneumofil* in the field of textile

machinery is a typical example. The simple method for the

measurement of the concentration of pulp solutions appears very

practicable. A definite quantity of the solution is poured into

a beaker, the solution is rotated by a propeller, and the time

is noted from the instant the propellor is suddenly withdrawn

until the liquid has come to rest„ In the whole range of con~

centration the following formula holds: G = Ktn , where C is

the pulp concentrat ion, t is time to the halt of the solution

and K and n are constants depending on the forms of the

beaker and the propeller as well as on the propeller speed-
= 12 =

22 8 Japanese Standards Association, JSA« Tokyo, Japan, August

15, 1955 o Tadashi Kasalshi, Managing Director

Daisaku M iwa , Chief, Standards Division;, Agency Industrial

Science and Technology

Ministry of International Trade and Industry

' . "The Japanese. Standards Association was established in

1946 for the purpose of improving productivity in industries

and of benefltting general consumers through standardization,,

To meet this purpose , JSA is performing lots of research

projects and promoting industrial standardization,, JSA, being

provided with no subsidy , has to finance all its activities

partly with revenues raised from publishing JIS, Japanese

Industrial Standards , and industrial books and partly with

dues collected from sustaining members 0 JSA prepares drafts

for JIS, maintains close liaison with standardization bodies

in overseas countries , and maintains library of overseas

standards , promotes quality control through seminars , sponsors

lectures 3 promotes the standardization of industrial terminologies in cooperation x^ith the “Terminology Studying Committee 1* of Educational Ministry, and assists in the promotion of

products of factories licensed to place JJS~Mark on manu«

factured items „ “The factories licensed to place JIS-Mark*

stand for the factories which are qualified by Government,

according to the Industrial Standardization Law, or having

competency to produce invariably the designated products of

quality good enough to meet the relevant JIS and enjoys the

license of affixing the JIS«M ark . on the products

„

23 o Japan Chemical Fibers Association, Tokyo „ Japan,, August 15 „ 1955 0

S 0 Moto, Manager

The Japan Chemical Fibers Association was established in

1948 by the manufacturers of rayon, acetate, and synthetic

fibers and their spinners 0 The objects are furthering of

amity among the members, research of problems both economical

and technical, dissemination of information, promotion of

end uses, publication, and accumulation of statistics of

Japan's Chemical Fiber Industry and also of the World Chemi<=

cal Fiber Industry 0 According to statistics provided by the

association, Japan ranked first in world production in 1938

with a total of 540 million pounds of rayon and staple fiber*,

This value dropped to 2? million pounds in 1945 , rose to 253

million pounds in 1950, 369 in 1951, 404 in 1952, 521 in 1953,

633 in 1954 and was estimated to reach 688 million pounds in

1955o Since 1952, Japan has been the second largest producer

(USA being first with about 1,100 million pounds)*, s lnce 1952,

Japan has been the largest producer of rayon and acetate staple

fiber; 358 million pounds in 1953 against 310 for USA and 448

million pounds in 1954 against 379 lor USA 0 The estimate for

1955 was 496 million pounds*.
13<

24 * Nltto Boseki Spinning: Company. Tokyo, Japan,, August 15. 1955.

Enji Naito, Past President

Dr, Naito, Director

T e Fulita, Chief , Reinforced Plastic Research

A discussion conference was had with a group of some

20 staff members of the Nitto Spinning Company* The

discussions were primarily concerned with measurements of the

mechanical properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics, their

interrelationship and correlation with performance in use.

Dr, Naito acted as interpreter in addition to discussion

leader c Time did not permit to visit plant and research

facilities 0

25 o Kokoku Rayon and. Pulp Co August 16, 1955

Taichiro Shiraiwa, Managing Director

Yukio Arisawa, Director & Chief of Technical Research Section

Haj ime Suzuki, Fabrics Section Rayon Sales Dept,

Since time did not permit to visit plant and research

facilities a general discussion conference was had concerning

their production and research program.

26, American Embassy.

A verbal discussion was had with Mr, Connelly, General

Services Officer concerning my visits and observations in

Japan,,

2? , Farewell Lecture Arranged by Society of Polymer Science and

Chamber of Commerce, Associated Press Auditorium. Tokyo , Japan, August 16, 1955 , The lecture was attended by some 300 persons and the

following topics were discussed: Broad NBS textile research

activities and cooperation with other agencies; current

research programs; processing research and quality control in

textiles; comments concerning living standards in US (by request);

impressions concerning my visit in Japan (by request); and an

appraisal of accomplishments of the visit. The interest,

enthusiasm, and generous hospitality, which remained unabated

until it was time to rush to the airport, remain a greatly

cherished memory of a very profitable visit with fellow

scientists and technologists of Japan*
-14-

28. American Consulate, Sidney, Australia, August 18, 1955 . Had informal discussion concerning the attendance to the

International Wool Textile Research Conference in Australia

and received a communication from the Agriculture Attache in.

New Zealand outlining an extensive itinerary for a proposed

visit to New Zealand, which could not he made for lack of

time „

29. Wool Textile Research Laboratory, Physics and Engineering Unit , C.S.I.R.O., Sidney, Australia, August 19, 1955 . V. D„ Burgmann, Director

Senior Research Staff of 15 members

The facilities were discussed for measurements of the

physical properties of fibers, including viscoelasticity,

interaction with water; physical properties of fiber assemblies,

including mechanical properties, yarn structure, heat and water

vapor transfer; physical and engineering problems of textile

processing, including fiber loads, extensions, movements, and

configurations, mass flow. It is of interest to note that the

configurations assumed by a single wool fiber in worsted

processing and estimates of strain analyses on the fiber were

obtained by making the fiber radioactive, immersion in a suitable solution, and then making radiographs of the fiber in

many stages during the worsted processing. The strains were

derived from the various configurations. This laboratory,

established in 1952, is already well equipped, and excellent

work is being done by an alert research staff of young

scientists

.

30 . National Standards Laboratory, Sidney, Australia, August 19 . 1955 .

A. J. Higgs, Technical Secretary

The facilities and research programs in the Divisions of

Electrotechnology, Metrology, Physics, and Radiophysics were

explained, and several laboratories were visited. The National

Standards Laboratory, located -on the grounds of Sidney University, is essentially equivalent to the NBS

31.

Radio Astronomy Observatory, Potts Hill, Australia, August 19,

1955 .

J. B. Hindman, Radio Astronomer

The radio-telescopes of the Observatory at Potts Hill are

located in the vicinity of the city reservoir some 20 miles

from Sidney. In one installation two sets of 32 radio receivers

are arranged along the two perpendicular sides of the reservoir
15-

and are so connected to form a 32 element interferometer 0 The instruments for recording the 21 cm radio waves emitted

by interstellar hydrogen were explained and the most recent

maps showing the galactic distribution of hydrogen were

examined and compared with those based upon information

obtainable with optical telescopes „ The radio telescopes

are much more powerful than the optical telescopes. The

plans for even more powerful radio telescopic observations

were indicated* The outstanding observational results of

this Observatory are well known and it was a privilege to

visit and observe their facilities e

32 * International Wool Textile Research Conference. Sidney . Australia. August 20 - 25. 1955 * At 15 technical sessions of the Sidney meetings over

50 technical papers were presented and discussed. The

general subjects were: Studies of Soluble Proteins; Elastic

Properties of Wool; The Problems of the Producer and Biologist

in Meeting the Needs of the Textile Industry; Discussion on

Biological Aspects; Studies Relating to Wool Manufacture;

Histology of the Sheep Follicle; Physical Properties of Wool

Fibers, Yarns, and Fabrics; Reactivity of the Disulphide

Bond in Proteins and Peptides; and Dyeing and Finishing* At

one session the writer presented the paper • Stresses train

Relationships in Yams Tested at Rates of Straining up to a

Million Percent, Per Minute In addition to the technical

papers the following lectures were given*

Prof e W a T 0 Ashbury, Leeds University, In Praise of Wool

Dr e H c P* Lundgren, U.S.D.A. , Advancing Frontiers in Wool

Chemistry

Profo H e Eyring, University of Utah, A Statistical-Mechanical

Theory of Visco-Elastic Behaviour

Prof 0 J, B 0 Speakman, Leeds University, The Future of Wool

Dr „ R e L„ M 0 Synge (Nobel Laureate) Rowett Research Institute,

The Principles of Chromatography

The Conference was attended by 53 overseas scientific

delegates and some 200 Australian scientists and textile

technologists* In addition to the technical sessions and

lectures there were a number of social sessions with opportunities for informal conferences and discussions among the

delegates*

33 • Australian National University. Canberra. Australia. August

The Australian National University was established by

Act of the Commonwealth Parliament In 19^6 to encourage and

provide facilities for post graduate research and study. The
- 16 -

four Research Schools mentioned in the Act are the following:

The John Curtin School of Medical Research

The Research School of Physical Sciences

The Research School of Social Sciences

The Research School of Pacific Studies

The facilities of these schools were in various stages of

completion on a tract of 200 acres. The Research School of

Physical Sciences is comprised of six departments - Astronomy,

Geophysics, Radiochemistry, Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics,

and Theoretical Physics. The facilities of the Nuclear and

Particle Physics Departments were explained and inspected.

Under the direction of Professor E. W. Titterton, Head of the

Nuclear Physics Department, research work is in progress using

two cascade generators of the Cockcroft-Walton type for 0.6

and 1.2 million volts. An electron synchrotron of 33 MeV. has

been installed, and in the near future an 8 MeV. cyclotron

producing very intense beams will be available. This cyclotron will serve eventually as the injection source for the

large pro ton- synchrotron now under cons true tion. The design

and construction of this novel type of proton- synchrotron is

under the direction of Professor M. L. E. Oliphant, Head of

the Particle Physics Department and Director of the Research

School of Physical Sciences. It is provided with a 148- inch

pole-diameter electromagnet, and the particles produced will

have energies above 10 billion electron-volts, making it one

of the most powerful in existence.

3 4 . C.S.I.R.O. Divisions of Entomology and Plant Industry , Canberra. Australia, August 26. 1955~

Dr. A, J. Nicholson, Chief of Division of Entomology

Dr. 0. H. Frankel, Chief of Division of Plant Industry

The broad programs of research carried out by these

Divisions were explained in relation to their importance to

the wool industry. Typical examples are physiology of

digestion of wool by clothes moth larvae and other keratin

digesting insects, biochemistry of digestive tract, insect

muscle enzymes, chemistry of cuticle and its components,

development of resistance to insecticides, insecticidal

formulations, transmission of virus diseases by insects,

myxomatosis, and sheep blowfly disease. The exhibition of

butterflies was most impressive and probably was one of the

most complete and beautiful in existence. Typical broad areas

of research in Plant Industry are genetics and cytogenetics,

plant introduction in different climatic zones, microbiology,

plant chemistry and biochemistry, plant nutrition, plant

physiology, weed control and plant toxicology, plant ecology,

pasture problems, irrigation studies, and special crops.
These studies have led to major economic developments in the

wool industry, for example, the introduction of the virus

disease myxomatosis has been very effective for controlling

the rabbit menace, (7 rabbits consume as much feed as one

sheep), the studies relating to pastures of subterranean

clover and Phalaris tuberosa grass, and of zinc, copper, and

cobalt deficiencies in soil has led to the recovery of vast

areas for pastures and also improved pastures so that the

number of sheep supported per acre has more than doubled,,

Tour of Sheep Raising Areas of South Australia, August 27-30. 1955 . The four^day 500 mile tour was made by bus starting at

M

t

0 Gambler near the southern coast of Australia, northwesterly

to Naracoorte and Keith, easterly to Border town and Dimboola,

southerly to Horsham and Hamilton, southeasterly to Canperdown

and Golac, and easterly to Geelong. During this tour it was

possible to observe (a) the outstanding improvements in pastures

to support a much larger population of sheep; (b) the vast

tracts of waste lands that had been transformed, through research on mineral deficient soils, into fertile pasture land;

(c) the South Australian Soldier Settlement Farms, which is a

Land Development Scheme of desert area carried out by a life

insurance company, The Australian Mutual Provident Society;

(d) large scale sheep shearing and wool classing; (e) a number

of flocks of Merino and Polwarth sheep; and if) the effective

control of the rabbit menace through the mosquito-borne virus

disease, myxomatosis,, It was also pointed out that the

tcxicity of Phaloris Tuberosa which causes a fatal malady of

“Staggers® can be effectively controlled by a supplementary

diet of 0 o l mg 0 cobalt per day.. It is of interest to note that

Australia with a population o-f less than 10 million people has

a sheep population greater than 120 million and raises over

1/4 of the World production of wool. The annual wool clip

exceeds a billion pounds which has a value of about a billion

dollars and this is an Important economic factor to Australia.

Wool exports from Australia earn between 40 to 50 percent of

total exports, and in several years have exceeded 50 percent of

total export earnings.

Wool Textile Research Laboratory, Processing Unit. C.S»I.R.O .

,

Geelong, Australia , August 31. 1955 . Dr„ M 0 Lipson, Director

Senior Research Staff of 16 members

The nucleus of the present research staff was initially

accomodated in the laboratories of the Textile College of the

Gordon Institute of Technology in Geelong. Since 1950, new

facilities were erected on 15 acres of grazing land at Belmont,
18- which now include extensive laboratories, pilot plant,

textile machinery equipment for almost every operation

concerned with wool processing. In addition the facilities

of wool industry are used in a cooperative arrangement to

explore the applications of research in full scale plant

operations. The program of research includes: scourable

sheep branding fluids; wool scouring processes, especially

a continuous solvent degreasing process; lanolin recovery by

the flotation process; dyeing of wool; chemical modification

of wool, especially mothproofing and res in- treatment for

shrinkproofing; the drafting process, in relation to such

factors as yarn evenness and improved processing; combing and

batching oils in wool processing; the frictional properties

of yarn against metal; mechanical properties of fibers; crimp

removal; and weaving problems.

V 37. International Wool Textile Research Conference. Geelong . Australia, August 3I-- September 3. 1955 * At 8 technical sessions of the Geelong meetings almost

50 technical papers were presented and discussed. The general

subjects were: Carding, Drafting, and Spinning; Pine

Histology of Wool and Hair; Interaction of Wool and Water;

Wet Processing of Wool; The Behaviour of Wool Fibers During

Mechanical Processing; and Amino Acid and Functional Group

Analysis of Proteins,

38 o Textile College. Gordon Institute of Technology. Geelong . Australia. September 1. 1955.

W» R 0 Lang, Head of Textile College

G„ Jones, Head Textile Chemistry Department

Theoretical and practical training courses are given in

Textile Chemistry and Textile Industries, including woollen

and worsted spinning, cotton yarn manufacturing, weaving,

dyeing and finishing. Unusual opportunities and facilities

are afforded the faculty and students in view of the fact

that Government Woolclassing, Publ ic Textile Testing, and

Textile Research Departments are integral units of the Textile

College. The Textile Testing Laboratory is well equipped and

has the National Association of Testing Authorities recognition

for specified physical and chemical tests. Research concerning

wool fiber characteristics of interest to woolgrower, broker,

and manufacturer, with emphasis on the nature and significance

of crimp in manufacturing, fineness-crimp- quality number

relationships, and studies on cystine linkage and wool damage,

has led to over 20 publications in the last 10 years by members

of the Textile College Staffo
-19-

39. Symposium with Textile Manufac by The Woolen

and Worsted Manufacturers' Association of Victoria at Gordon

Institute of Technology, Geelong, Australia , September 1. 1955 .

Dr, M e Lipson, Chairman

The following three summary papers were presented:

Worsted Processing by Dr, A* B. D. Cassie, Wool Industries

Textile Association, Leeds,

Wet Processing by Professor C. S, Whewell, Leeds

University, Leeds.

Woolen Processing by Dr, L G, Martindale, Scottish

Woolen Technical College, Galashiels,

In these papers each speaker covered the latest develop?*

raent and their probable impact on the Indus try 0 At the

conclusion of the papers a lively discussion followed in which

the audience, estimated as over 500, participated. A summary

of the symposium was given at the conclusion by the chairman.

40 c Valley Mills, Geelong. Australia, September 2

L„ W, Wright, Manager

Dps 0 Happey, and Hannah of England, Dr, Kritzinger of

South Africa, and Drs. Lundgren and Schiefer of the United

States visited the Valley Mills which was followed by a

general discussion,, This mill scours wool and processes it

into high quality fabrics following typical British procedures.

It is a relatively small mill and the demand is not felt

sufficient ' to justify a high speed modern production organization.

4l, Wool Textile Research Laboratory

C.S.I.R.O. . Melbourne

Dr, P, G, Lennox, Director

Senior Research Staff of 24 members

The research facilities and programs were explained and

the accomplishments by an able and energetic staff of young

scientists (14 Ph, D. , 6 MSc. , and 3 BSc. staff members) were

indeed impressive. The researches in 16 laboratories included

the following: Collagen and acid damage of wool; amino acid

analysis of wool; electrophoresis; diffusion; cystine and

lanthionine; fungal degradation of cellulose; infra-red spectroscopy; microscopy and X-ray diffraction; polargraphy and

kinetics of peptide hydrolysis; microbiology; organic chemistry;

sheepskin digestion, carbonizing, wool protein denaturation,

and trypsin digestion; surface chemistry of proteins; viscosity,

asmotic pressure, refrac tome try , ulracentrifuge , light

scattering; chromatography; peptide synthesis.
20.'

42. Forest Products Laboratory, C.S.I.R.O., Melbourne. Australia .

Dr 0 R. S. T. Kingston

The testing facilities of the Forest Products Laboratory

were observed and the research programs were discussed. The

research programs are concerned with experimental and

theoretical studies of the chemical and mechanical properties

of wood, pulp, and paper, including creep, relaxation, and

rheology as affected by moisture, temperature, and time and

magnitude of stress application. Approximately 200 papers

have been published by the staff during the last 10 years.

Over 40 recent reprints and a list of Forest Products Laboratory publications were obtained for reference purposes. The

following reprints are typical::

A Critical temperature range in the plastic deformation of

plywood.

The nature of plastic deformation in wood at elevated

temperature.

Rheological changes during gel formation in adhesive systems.

Creep in initially green wooden beams.

Stress-s train relationship: a mathematical model.

The recovery of plywood after compression at elevated

temperatures.

Factors influencing the plastic deformation of timber and

plywood in compression.

Creep and stress relaxation in wood during bending.

Mechanical and physical properties of coconut palm.

The effect of temperature on the strength of wood, plywood,

and glued joints.

The fiber-bonding materials and their importance in pulping.

The influence of electrolytes on pulp and paper properties:

Cation and anion effects.

Pulping studies of five species of mangrove association.

The structure and properties of paper: the D.F.P. rheometer

and significance of swellir^gand hydrogen bonding on

interfiber adhesion.

Measurement of the viscosity of alkali-cooked pulp with

cupr ie thy lene d iara ine

.

The application of viscosity increments to the study of

two problems in the behaviour of casein.

Chain-length distribution studies on nitrated wood and cotton

celluloses

.

Mechanical conditioning of high polymers

Kinetic treatment appropriate to rapid reactions involving

two consecutive second order steps

The sampling of timber for standard mechanical tests.

Interpolation in a series of correlated observations.
- 21- Equipment for simultaneous determination of thermal

conductivity and diffusivity of insulating materials

Diffusion in wood: Theory, temperature coefficient, ion

selection and its effect on the diffusion of electrolytes.

A method of measuring the thermal conductivity of poor

conductors a

43 * Holeproof Hosiery Company. Melbourne, Australia .

Mr, Do C. Arnold and Mr„ Wilkinson, Research and Testing

A general discussion was had concerning performance tests

for textiles and for quality control,, This was followed by

a tour through the mill which contained equipment for throwing silk (6«thread silk for women's hosiery) twisting and

setting of nylon for all-stretch hosiery which have become

very popular, and knitting of full fashioned nylon hosiery

using very high speed 60 gauge machines manufactured in

Reading, Pa, Pull inspection and quality control assure

high quality sheer women's nylon hosiery of high gauge and

low denier,

44. International Wool Textile Research Conference. Melbourne . Australia,, September 5-9, 1955 . At 10 technical sessions of the Melbourne meetings,

nearly 40 technical papers were presented and discussed. The

general subjects were: Bilateral Structure of Wool; Amino

Acids and Peptides; X-ray and Infra-Red investigations of

Protein Structure; Enzyme and Protein Chemistry; Chemical

Modification of Wool; Shrinkproofing and Mothproofing of

Wool, In addition to the technical papers the following

lectures were given:

Dr 0 Ec Go Carter, Technical Director, International Wool

Secretariat, Wool Science and Wool Supremacy,

Prof, R 0 B, Corey and Linus Pauling (Nobel Lureate)

California Institute of Technology, Configurations

of Polypeptide Chains in Proteins,

Prof, F, Sanger, Cambridge University, The Structure of

Insulin,

Prof, Emil L 0 Smith, University of Utah, Leucine Aminopeptidase; Specificity, Mechanism of Action and Use

in Study of Peptide and Protein Structure,

Prof, H 0 Zahn, University of Heidelberg, Experience with

Cross-Linking Reactions in Wool,

In summary it is appropriate to note some general observations concerning the International Wool Textile Research

Conference, Australia, 1955.
There Is no question but that this conference was

extremely well organized by the arrangements committees.

The conferences were attended by representatives from

most research and educational institutions concerned with

wool and protein materials and the technical papers and

lectures covered the most recent progress of all research

phases very thoroughly 0 The five volumes of the proceedings

will provide a most valuable and complete record of up-todate information and also indicate very forcefully the many

areas where additional research and development is urgently

needed to resolve many questions concerning which there is

conflicting or inadequate information.

In a symposium n^ar the end of the conferences an

attempt was made to enumerate the fiber characteristics of

wool that are most desirable and it was not possible to

reach full agreement. Nor was it possible to reconcile

some divergent views expressed concerning the number of

different types or classes of wool fiber that are necessary

for producing the wool fabrics for consumer uses, even

though there was general agreement that it was the finishing

of the fabric which contributed most importantly to the

ultimate and desirable attributes of the fabrics.

It was rather apparent that present knowledge concerning

the structure of wool and its chemical behaviour is incomplete

and also in part contradictory. To avoid some of the latter

it was strongly felt that provisions should be made to

establish a fairly large quantity of "Standard" wool for

experimental purposes and steps were initiated for C.S.I.R.O.

to provide such a standard wool of known origin to any

worker desiring it for research purposes.

The view was also expressed that it seems senseless to

breed and produce superior wool and then to damage it severely

in processing, such as necessarily follows current scouring

procedures. A satisfactory continuous solvent degreasing

process without subsequent wetting would largely solve this

problem. A delegate from Sweden stated that such a process had

been achieved and is being used in a large Swedish Mill, but

he failed to provide convincing evidence to dispel the doubts of

some delegates. The continuous solvent degreasing process

developed by C.S.I.R.O. at Geelong seemed expremely

promising.

The excellent staff of young scientists of the three

Wool Research Laboratories of Australia and their contributions

of outstanding technical papers at the conferences indicated

clearly that major scientific advances in wool research will

result from their efforts.
-23

At the conclusion of the conferences the views of

the delegates were essentially unanimous that this

conference was extremely successful and worthwhile and that

a similar conference should be planned for I960. The

majority of the delegates suggested that it again be held

In Australia . The benefits and stimulations a delegate

receives by attending such a conference and from the

personal contacts with the delegates are numerous and need

not be mentioned individually. It is recommended that a

delegate attend the conferences planned for I960.

45 . American Consulate. Sidney. Australia. September 9. 1955 . A brief visit was made to the American Consulate in

Sidney to obtain communications concerning the visit to

India.
- 24 -

Report on the Visit to India, September 10 - October 7, 1955

By Dr. Herbert F. Schiefer, National Bureau of Standards

Under the U.S.A. Technical Cooperation Mission to India

International Cooperation Administration, State Department

46. American Consulate, Calcutta, India, September 12 , 1955» Arrangements were made for the visit in Calcutta and

for Ait* Flights in India.

47 . Technological Research Laboratories , Indian Central Jute

Committee, Regent park, Tollypqinge, Calcutta, India. ~

September 12. 1956 . Dr. P. B. Sarkar, Director, and staff

The facilities for jute processing and for research were

explained and this was followed by a discussion with members

of the research and testing staff* The main discussion was

concerned with methods for testing the mechanical properties

of jute fibers and of jute yarns and fabrics, especially

strength, resistance to abrasion, and surface friction.

48. U.S.A. Technical Cooperation Mission to India, New Delhi f India, September 1£55 .

Mr. Clifford H. Willson

Mr. Hyde Buller

Mr. Harold Flaata

Mr. Jack Kent

Mr. Gordon Wagenet

Mr. Edward Largent

Mr. Robert Rick

Mr. Roberts

The purposes and objectives of the visit to India were

discussed as well as the arrangements for specific visits

and lectures in the areas of New Delhi, Bombay, and

Ahmedabad. The arrangements for the visits were made mostly

by Mr. Kent and Mr. Roberts.

49. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR, New

Delhi, India, September 14, 1955 * Prof. M. S. Thackar, Director

Prof. Thackar outlined the procedures for coordinatingthe research activities in India through CSIR. All research

programs and requests for research grants are reviewed by

CSIR and must receive approval before the work is undertaken.
25'

There Is special Interest In radio and micro wave research

and in Solar Energy „ He indicated that a delegate from

India would attend the Solar Energy Conferences in the

United States in the Pall of 1955 provided necessary

arrangements can he made 0 Mr 0 Plaata offered assistance

through TCM and Dr c Mathur, Deputy Director, National

Physical Laboratory attended and also visited the National

Bureau of Standards

„

50 * Textile Department, Delhi Polytechnic Institute . .New Delhi . India, September l4 and 21 „ 1955 * Prof 0 R 0 N 0 Srlvastava, Acting Department Head

Professor Srlvastave attended the School of Textiles,

No C 0 State College, 1951=53, and during part of this period

he was a student of the wrlter c Since his return he has

been acting head of the Textile Department of Delhi

Polytechnic Institute and has initiated steps to modernize

the textile testing and processing facilities, and to

strengthen the staff and courses of instructions „ He also

reviewed future plans and Improvements based upon his experience and knowledge at NoC, State College to attain a

higher standard of training to meet the needs of the textile

industry in India 0 He mentioned a number of factors which

are hindering progress, such as insufficient funds for

purchase of processing and testing equipment, difficulty in

obtaining modern equipment, inadequate space, very meager

library (especially technical journals and books from overseas),

and mental anguish and uncertainty associated with the long

delay of pending action concerning his status as Head of the

Textile Bepartmento The facilities of the Department were

observed and it was gratifying to see the progress that had

already been made since 1953 o The available space had

Increased 3 = fold and considerable equipment had been

Installed and much more was still in crates to be installed.

Much remained to be accomplished, however, to attain another

contemplated 5 - fold Increase In space and facilities,, Prof.

Srlvastava sought advice concerning many problems and

appreciated the assistance provided* He deserves every

consideration and assistance possible to aid him in attaining

the goal of a much higher standard in the Textile Department.

The respect and enthusiasm shown by his staff and students

was outstanding and the establishment of the ^Society of

Textile Technologists, Delhi Polytechnic 8 by students and

staff members Is a progressive step* The inaugral meeting

of the Society was held on September 21 with an attendance of

over 200 and It was my privilege to attend this meeting and

to give the inaugral guest lecture 0 The primary objective

of the Society was stated to be the promotion of the educational activities among the students and staff members, including
26-

a series of lectures by experts from the industry, educational

and research Institutions, and weekly study discussions on

current technical problems and developments of the industry.

It is worth noting that in this connection the Society

expressed the hope to receive the cooperation of the United

States Information Service in provided motion picture films

that Illustrate current textile processing and other

technical progress in the United States and other countries.

This provides an opportunity for education and promotion

among the youth of India" s future technical experts which

should be supported and fully utilized.

An interesting reprint "Effect of Twisting on the

Optical Diffraction Patterns of Single Fibers* was received

from P, K. Katti and M, T, Chiplonkar, Department of Applied

Science, Delhi Polytechnic, In this work the optical

diffraction patterns of single fibers are studied using

experimental arrangements similar to those used for the

X-ray diffraction camera, and using visible light instead of

X-rays, It appears that this technique may be useful in

studies of changes produced in fibers by mechanical and

chemical modifications as well as differences between fiber

types. The paper is published in the Journal of Scientific

Industrial Research, 1955, Vol. 14-B, No, 6, pp. 253-257*

51 e National Physical Laboratory. Delhi. India. September 15 and

Dr 0 K<, N 0 Mathur, Deputy Director

Dr, Amarjit ^ingh, Electronics Division

Dr 0 R 0 K, Kaul, Applied Mechanics Division

The National Physical Laboratories are housed in an

excellent new structure since about 19^9 o The various

facilities were explained and the research programs were

discussed. The work parallels that of the National Bureau

of Standards and excellent accomplishments have resulted since

its establishment, including magnetron tube, theoretical

studies of vibration phenomena, and on solar energy. Interest

was expressed for closer contact and association with the

work at the National Bureau of Standards and at this writing

an extensive visit to the Bureau has been made by Dr. Mathur

after his attendance at the Solar Energy Conference in the

Fall of 1955 and the mailing of reprints pertaining to

research in Engineering Mechanics to Dr, Kaul and Dr. Cadambe , The writer gladly accepted the Invitation to give an illustrated lecture to the staff of over 100 on "Stress-Strain

Relationships in Yarns Subjected to Rapid Impact Loading"

The lecture was followed by an extensive discussion.
Dr 0 H 0 Verman, Director

Mr„ M, Klshen, Deputy Director

The procedures for the development and promulgation of

standards were reviewed and discussed, particularly with

reference to textiles*, Many standards for textiles have

been Issued which often follow the requirements of overseas

standards,, In later visits to industry a criticsm of the

India Standards Institution was the fact that many textile

standards are Issued with insufficient guidance from industry

with the result that some of the standards contain require**

ments that can not be met in India and so do not reflect

national conditions and interests. New facilities are under

construction for the India Standards Institution, which Is

currently housed in the Shrl Ram Institute for Industrial

Research*,

Shrl Ram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi. India .

‘ September 16 and 19. 1955 *. Dr* Do N 0 Daruvalla, Director

Dr, Vo Bo Chipalkatti, Deputy Director

The research facilities were observed and explained and

the research aims and programs were discussed in considerable

detail. The Institute established by the "Lala Shrl Ram

Charitable Trust® and Is located in new buildings completed

in 1950 on 10 acres of land in the Delhi University area.

It conducts research for sponsors, such as industrial concerns

In India, groups of companies, individuals or Government

agencies, as well as research financed from the Institute's

endowment funds* The Institute" s broad fields of research

Include the following: Industrial Chemistry; Fuels and

Combustion; Mineral Processing; Chemical Engineering;

Electrochemistry; Plastics and Paints; Textile Chemistry;

and Sugar Technology. The Institute takes complete technical

responsibility for the development of a project from its

evaluation as a new idea to its final successful culmination

as a commercial manufacturing enterprise. The work progresses

through a laboratory test tube stage into a pilot plant stage

into a semi®commercial scale stage into a final scale

commercial manufacturing enterprise. The Director of the

Institute had recently returned from an extended visit to

research centers in the United States, including the Division

of Organic Fibrous Materials and other areas of the National

Bureau of Standards. The Institute, which has grown rapidly

and has already made outstanding progress since Its establishment, Is destined to play an important part in the Industrial

Economy of India*,
** 28"

54„ Luncheon. Delhi Gymkhana Club. Delhi. India. September 16. 1955 . At a luncheon arranged by Mr. Hyde G. Buller, TCM, as

host, opportunity was provided to meet key people of India,

TCM, and the U.3« Embassy and to discuss technical problems.

In addition to 10 persons from TCM and the U.S. Embassy the

following were present from India.

Dr 0 Meghnad Saha, Member of Parliament and well known Nuclear

and Astrophysicist

Dr. Nanjappa, Textile Commissioner of India

Dr. K. N. Mathur, Deputy Director, National Physical Laboratory

Dr fl Maharaj Klshan, Deputy Director Textile, Indian Standards

Institute

Mr. Rameshwar Dayal, Under Secretary, Dept, of Economic

Affairs, Ministry of Finance

Mr e A 0 Nagaraja Rao, Industrial Advisor, Ministry of Commerce

and Industry and a member of the Governing Board of

Shri Ram Institute for Industrial Research

Prof. Humayun Kabir, Secretary, Ministry of Education

Mr. K„ G 0 Saiyidain, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Education

Prof. R 0 N. Srivastava, Head Textile Department, Delhi

Polytechnic

Mr. D. Padmanbhan, Deputy Director, Council of Scientific

and Industrial Research

55* Government of India. Ministry of Works. Housing & Supply . Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals. Delhi. India . September 16. 1955 . Mr. F. Ashmore, Deputy Director General Inspection (Textiles)

Technical points relating to testing of textiles and

general procedures for Inspection were discussed.

56 o Delhi Cloth Mills. Delhi, India. September 19. 1955 . Mr. Arulker, Manager

Mr. Go Co Pande, Director of Laboratories

The facilities for spinning cotton yarns and weaving

fabrics were observed and the problems for modernization were

discussed. Since this is an older mill the processing machines

were to a considerable extent obsolescent with many workers

per processing unit and provided a great contrast compared

to modern units. It was explained that the Government policy

prohibited the Installation of automatic looms and there were

severe restrictions concerning new high speed and high production

machines for cotton yam spinning. These restrictive polio lee

appeared to be contrary to the progressive views of the

technical personnel of the mill. The laboratory facilities,
29-

development research, and quality control methods reflected

the progressive ideas, however 0 It is interesting to note

that an experimental cotton card had been provided with

two coilers and two sliver cans. There was great interest

in the fact that a similar modification was used in the

United States to double the card production, without any

-changes in card settings and speed, by feeding into the

card two laps and by splitting the web to form slivers

.

57® Swatantra Bharat Mills, Delhi,, India. September 19. 1955 n B 0 D c Pathak, General Manager

This new mill is associated with the Delhi Cloth Mills

and was established under the direction of Mr. Pathak and he

incorporated many mill features which he observed during his

extended visit to the United States in 19^7© In contrast to

the Delhi Cloth Mills it is very modern Indeed and is a

tribute to Mr 0 Pathak" s progressive philosophy, which nearly

cost his life when he was murderously attacked by the sub-*

versive element of mill operatives,. Since his return to

active duty he Is esteemed and respected very highly by mill

personnel, including his former adversaries 0 This very

friendly relationship was everywhere apparent during the visit

with him through the processing departments of the mlll a Adjoining the mill are new dormitories and apartment buildings

for the mill operatives, including excellent welfare, recrea**

tional, social, educational, and cooperative facilities,,

58 0 TCM Staff, Delhi, India,, September 21, 1955 c, The accomplishments of the visits in the Delhi area were

reviewed with members of the TCM staff as well as the

plans for the visits in the Bombay and Ahmedabad areas 0 59- Ta.1 Mahal Hotel.

Mr, P 0 Amersey, Director, Cotton Brokerage Firm and

Owner Men" s Shirt Factory

Mr 0 Amersey is a graduate of the School of Textiles,

N 0 C 0 State College and of North Carolina University. Since

his return from the United States Mr P Amersey has done very

well and he provided much information and assistance fdr the

visits in the Bombay area Q This help is gratefully

acknowledged and appreciated,.
a*j) Om

60 ^ American Consulate. Bombay, India, September 23. 1955«

Harrison Echols

Po K, N, Swamy

The program for the visits and lectures In the Bombay

area were reviewed and the necessary arrangements were

made for effectively carrying out the program,

61. Luncheon. Ta.1 Mahal Hotel. Bombay. India. September 23. 1955 » At a luncheon arranged by Dr e C. Nanjundayya, Director,

Indian Central Cotton Committee Technological Laboratory,

opportunity was provided to meet key personnel of the Textile

Industry in the Bombay Area and to discuss details for pending

visits in this area. Professor H, J, Woods, Leeds University

and Dr, K* J n Llnd'perg, {Swedish Institute for Textile Research 9 who stopped in Bombay on their return from the Wool Textile

Research Conference in Australia, also attended the luncheon.

62,

Dr, G 0 M 0 Nabar, Professor Textile Chemistry, Dyeing, and

Finishing

The facilities of the Department of Textile Chemistry,

Dyeing, and Finishing were observed and the research and

educational programs were discussed* A lecture on "Recent

Textile Research® was given to over 300 under the Joint

Sponsorship of the Technical Association of the Department of

Chemical Technology and the newly organized Bombay Textile

Research Institute, At the writer 9 s suggestion Dr, Llndberg

from Sweden and Prof, Wood from England were also given an

opportunity to speaks

63 » Limited. Bombay and Kalvan .

Mr e S 0 L 0 Hemmady, Secretary

Dr, M» D„ Parekh, Technical Manager

Mr 0 Jay ant J„ Mehta, Production Manager

The Viscose Plant of The National Rayon Corporation is

located at Kalyan, about 50 miles from Bombay, After a con»

ducted tour through the entire plant and laboratories the

visit ended with an informal discussion of technical textile

problems. When the plant was established in 1951, the annual

production was 5 million pounds,, The production for 1955 was

12 million pounds and it will be 20 million by 1957 and 30

million by 196l 0 Within a few miles of the plant another Rayon
Plant, The Century Rayon Corporation, is being constructed

under the supervision of the Kohorn Company of New York City®

The production of rayon in India is rapidly becoming of

increasing economic importance®

Lecture, Silk and Art Silk Mills 8 Research Association ,, Bombay « ^fndia^T^eptember ~26~19 5 5T

"~

Sankalchand G c Shah, Chairman

Do N s Shroff, President

J 0 G 0 Parikh, Secretary

S„ M 0 Mehta, Proprietor, Paragon Textile Mills, Discussion

Leader

Harrison Echols, U 0 S, Consulate General Office

The lecture was attended by over 200 members of the

Association and their technical staff® Upon arrival at the

new Lecture Hall of the Association it was found that the

projection facilities provided by US Information Service

Agency were inadequate for the intended illustrated lecture®

An extemporaneous talk was given stressing textile research

activities in the United States, B, to produce Better textiles,

through quality control and new testing methods for performance

evaluation; C, to produce higher quality textiles Cheaper,

through higher production and automation, new processing

methods and machinery, and reduction of waste; and N, to produce

high quality textiles with New attributes, through use of new

fibers, blends of fibers, new finishes and chemical treatments,

new varieties of fabric designs and weaves „ In the talk

specific references were made to the May 1955 issue of Textile

Research Journal wherein examples are recorded that are

typical of these research activities,. The talk was concluded

with a brief account of the current textile research activities

at the National Bureau of Standards , In view of the great

interest and response to this talk and the discussion which

followed, it was obvious to stress this subject In other

lectures scheduled to be given in India®

Lecture „ Bombay Mill Owners Association, Bombay, Indla c September 27 „ 1955 „ B, G0 Kakatkar, Secretary

An Illustrated lecture was given to a capacity audience

of over 200 members of the Association and their technical

staff on "Trends in Current Textile Research® with emphasis on

quality control, higher production of cotton processing, and

reduction of cotton waste in processing,. Attention was directed

to the recent cotton processing research at the School of

Textiles of North Carolina State College whereby the production

of cotton cards was doubled, card waste was reduced to one
32.

half, more uniform and stringer yarn was produced, and the

nebs were materially reduced. The chairman, who is a

cotton mill executive and a member of the Indian Parliament,

led an extensive discussion after the lecture and, as in the

lecture of the preeeeding day, there was intense interest

in the results of processing research which has led to more

efficient production and of higher quality. There was great

surprise that the results were applied in industry almost

concurrently with the research work and even greater surprise

was shown to the fact that the results obtained in industry

were being published as for example in the Way 1955 issue of

Textile Research Journal c A conservative estimate of the

actual cost of the research reported in this issue is in

excess of $250,000 whereas the annual benefits to industry

exceed many millions of dollars.

66 * The Tata Mills Limited. Bombay , India

„

B, Raj@.ram, General Manager

Fall A e Pestonjee and Technical Staff

The discussions of the lecture of the preceding day were if. continued and questions concerning more details were answered*!

This discussion aroused more interest, surprise, and even

considerable doubt with the eventual request for permission

to borrow the copy of the May 1955 issue of Textile Research

Journals and other available reprints for a period of 24 hours

for more detailed study by the 'technical staff* This request

was gladly granted , There was a conducted tour of the extensive cotton mill facilities, 45,000 spindles, 1800 looms, and

employing over 5000 operatives , Quality control methods have

been initiated and there was interest in effecting modernization of processing machinery,. One interesting study has been

the application of the control chart method on mill accidents;

their number, causes, and effects of remedial actions „ At

the beginning of this study there were 3600 accidents per year.

This number was reduced to about 800 in 3 years of application

of the the control chart method and this number has remained

between 800 and 900 per year for about 3 years. During the

tour one gained the impression, however, that Inspite of the

excellent reduction in number of accidents there still existed

hazards which could not be tolerated In a modern cotton mill*

It Is worth noting that In addition to textile mills, the

Tata Corporation operates large steel industries in India and

a Nuclear Research Institute in Bombay*

67 , Calico Printing and Dyeing Company

Prabhu V 0 Mehta, Technical Director

H 0 N, Kotharl, Production Manager

Sept, 29, "’ ""’1955

'

This company was established by the father of H, N, Kotharl
«> 3**

and is now directed by the father and his two sons e Mr. H. N 0 Kothari is a recent graduate of Michigan State College and

N e C„ State College. The company employs 300 and does printing

and dyeing on job lots of 50,000 yards. Screen printing has

been practically discontinued and the space is being converted

to modern continuous printing. There is considerable difficulty

with buying the desired equipment, especially for modern resin

treatments which require a wide range of temperature adjust"

ment 0 Currently, acetate fabrics can not be resin finished.

A new German Embossing and Printing machine was being installed.

This combination permit® obtaining a very w ide range of pattern

effects using one basic design. A large amount of the produo®

tion is for export to the United States.

68® Indian Central Cotton Committee

Matunga, Bombay, India, September 29, 1955

Dr 0 C, Nanjundayya, Director

• In a conducted tour through the research, testing, and

processing laboratories it -was apparent that the outstanding

work initiated by the former directors, Dr. Turner of England

and Dr. Mazir Ahmad of Pakistan, is being continued under the

able direction of Dr„ Nanjundayya. The following recent

reprints are typical of work done:

Technological Reports on Trade Varieties of Indian Cottons

195^o February 1955«

Technological Reports on Standard Indian Cottons 195^®

January 1955c

A Balance For Rapid Determination of the Ginning Percentage

of Seed Cotton. January 1955»

Pre«Cleaning and ^Inning Tests on Indian Cottons, Tests on

Laxmi Cotton 1950*51 Season* July 195^

.

The Geometrical Features of the Three Maturity Groups of

Cotton Fibers in the Raw and Swollen States. July 195^.

Pre^Cleaning and Ginning Tests on Indian Cottons, Teste on

Karungannl Cotton 1950^51 Season* July 195^*

Pre-Cleaning and Ginning Tests on Indian Cottons, Tests oh

Cambodia Co* 2 Cotton 1949^-50 Season. May 195^®

A Resume of the Investigations Carried Out on the Ginning

of Indian Cottons, April 195^»

Ahraad«Nanjundayya Apparatus and Its Attachment for Determining

Mean Fiber«Length , FiberrLength Distribution, and Fineness

of Cotton on Similar Textile Fibers

Annual Report of the Director, Technological Laboratory for

the Year Ending May 31, 195^*
69 » Bombay Textile Industry Research Association, Bombay, India . September 29, 1955 P ~

Prof. Kc Venkataraman, Directors Department of Chemical

Technology , Bombay University

Mr. V. B 0 Kulkarni, Planning Officer , Bombay Textile

Research Institute

Dr. C 0 Nanjundayya, Directors Indian Central Cotton

Committee Technological Laboratory

Prof 0 G. M 0 Nabar, Textile Chemistry , Dyeing, and Finishing*

Professor and Mrs 0 Venkataraman entertained at tea in

their home at the University to provide opportunity to

discuss the formation of the new Bombay Textile Industry

Research Association, BTlRA a policy concerning research programs

and publication of results, research facilities and equipment*

and the selection of a Director of Research. The writer

appreciated the offer to become Director and expressed his

profound regrets in not being In a position to accept the offer*

The plans for BTIRA are similar to the already well established

Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association, ATIRA, which

serves the textile industry in the Ahmedabad area.

?0« Ta„1 Mahal Hotel. Bombay. India, September 30. 1955*

G„ Parlkh, Secretary, Silk & Art ^ilk Mills Research

Association

The Silk & Art Silk Mills Research Association was organized in 1950 under the auspices of the Council of Scientific

and Industrial Research and has over 300 mill members 0 The

member mills have contributed about 500,000 rupees and another

500,000 rupees has been appropriated by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,, The Government of India is

going to contribute 1/3 of the contribution made by the

Industry towards its Capital expenditure and 50$ of the annual

recundng expenditures * An imposing administration building

Resham Bhavan, has been completed and Is occupied. The

Research Institute 0 s buildings are under construction on a

3«*acre site at Worll 0 The Nopth«=Light Shed, or Pilot Plant*

houses the heavy mill machinery. The main building of the

Research Institute will be divided into two wings. The North

Wing will accommodate the Research and Testing Laboratory, Silk

Conditioning House, Library, and other departments of the

Institute, while the South Wing will accommodate the Technical

College to train young men for the silk and rayon industries.

There are, at present, no facilities in India for training

students In this rapidly expanding branch of textile technology.

Mr. Parikh reviewed a long list of testing Instruments and

research equipment to be purchased for the Institute and

requested assistance in the selection of the most suitable
-35'

Items from this list, as well as recommendation for the purchase of other instruments and equipment, also technical

books and journals for the library, and suggestions for a

Director of Research, Recommendations and suggestions were

made to assist the Institute in Its establishment for research,

testing, and education*

71® American Consulate, Bombay. India. September 30. Iffy'S * Harrison Echols

P e K, N„ Swamy

The accomplishments of the visits in the Bombay Area were

reviewed and it was felt that they were very beneficial. It

was unfortunate that visits to the National Chemical Laboratory

at Poona and to the Raman Research Institute at Bangalore

could not be made for lack of time* Over 100 senior scientist!

are employed at the former and the focal point for research is

the Radioactive Tracer Unit which is under the direction of

Dr e C, K, N. Nair, a graduate of Cornell University and with

extensive training at the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear

Studies. One fruitful application of radioactive isotopes has

been in testing the resistance of paints and varnish compositions to sea water. It is claimed that a simple, but quick and

efficient, technique has been evolved for this purpose. Another

significant application has been a study on ion exchange resins*

Radioactive tracers have given rapid and accurate results in

evaluating efficiencies, regeneration costs and other factors

so important in industrial use of resins. Other studies

pertain to photosynthesis in the field of biochemistry, diffusion in the solid state, lubrication and surface corrosion, and

efficiency evaluation of experimentally prepared fertilizers

for phosphorous deficient soils of India® The Spectroscopic

Laboratory of the Raman Research Institute Is well known.

Current studies are concerned with the nature of thermal agitation in crystals and the thermal energy of crystals, which

are fundamental problems in the physics of the solid state.

During the visits opportunities arose for informal and

frank discussions of problems concerning group sponsored research, research organizations and coordination of research

efforts, publication of research results and industry application, standards for textiles and textile products, research

personnel, planning and direction of research programs, effective use of available technical personnels worker incentives,

and finally the critical problem of absenteeism, which sometimes requires employing an excess of 20 percent of workers in

order to assure sufficient operatives for continuous operation

of a plant. The picture of existing conditions seemed rather
• 36-

pessimistic and probably will continue so for sometime until

economic conditions change, other traditional feelings are

ameliorated, and the spirit of cooperation is enhanced through

an extensive educational program,,

72. Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Assoc iatlon. Ahmedabad . India . October 3«»7. 1955 *

Mr. Ro Mo Shah, Secretary

Dr 0 B . K 0 Vaidya; Deputy Director and Head, Physics and

Physical Chemistry Division

Dr. -P 0 C 0 "Mehta, Head, Chemistry Division

Dr* V. N 0 Patankar, Head, Statistics Division

Dr. Kamla Chowdhry, Psychology Division

Mr„ S 0 N 0 Bhaduri, Liaison Officer of Spinning and Weaving

Dr„ P. U, Bhatt, Liaison Officer of Wet Processing

Mr 0 S 9 A 0 Alim, Head, Textile Technology

Dr. To Radhakrishnan, Head, Electronics and Instrumentation

Mr<s N P Subramanlam, Senior Scientific Officer

Mr, A. G 0 Chi tale, Basic Research in Polymers

Mr, D, Sarma, Chemical Research (Former Student at N«C 0 State College)

Mr. S, P. Phadnis, Librarian

The Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association,

ATIRA, is a cooperative research association of textile mills,

and allied manufacturers of India and is supported by Industry

and the Government „ It seeks better textiles, lower costs,

increased production, and the well-being of those who work in

the textile Industry. It applies the scientific method to the

problems of Industry and conducts (l) operational research to

rationalise processes and methods, (2) applied research of

direct use to the industry, and (3) fundamental research to

improve understanding of men, materials and processes in industry, It Implements results of scientific research and

technological developments with mill operation applications

and training of mill personnel in the application. ATIRA'

S

research program is based on (a) problems referred by industry,

(b) scientific developments, the details of the application of

which require to be worked out to suit local conditions, and

(c) ideas originating from research workers at ATIRA. The

current staff of ATIRA is well over 100, including some 10

with Doctorate, 20 with Master's, and 30 with Bachelor's degrees and over 30 laboratory technicians and some 40 to 50

laborers. ATIRA was founded in 1947 by 71 members of the

Ahmedabad Mlllowners' Association, who made .an initial contribution of 5 , 000,000 rupees o The Government of India contributed

1 , 900,000 rupees during the first five years for capital

investment and also half of the annual recurring expenses of

the Association up to a maximum of 150,000 rupees in any one
' 37'

year® ATIRA Is situated on 50 acres of land acquired on the

Gujarat University Campus and the buildings started in 1950

were completed in 1952 a They consist of three sections having

a total floor area of over 100*000 square feet® The laboratories, administration, services, and library are accommodated in a very modern 5e*story central structure c This is

connected on one side to a canteen to serve 75 persons at a

time and a very excellent and modern auditorium seating over

400 with provisions to curtain off a part for smaller gatherings®

On the other side is attached a one story research mill structure containing 30,000 square feet of floor area 0 The buildings are fully air conditioned and provided with excellent

utility services ® The mill and laboratories have excellent

equipment and instruments for processing and research purposes,

thus making ATIRA an ideal textile research facility. Adj oinking these buildings are modern residences for the director of

research (vacant), secretary, and department heads* The

senior staff members are housed in modern 4-unlt appartment

buildings* Two additional housing colonies are for the

junior research staff and laboratory technicians respectively®

A large well supplies water for the laboratories and for the

homes BDuring the 5-day visit in Ahmedabad there was opportunity

to discuss the research program and problems with each depart - ment head and with senior staff members of ATIRA 0 In all of

these conferences instead of describing the outstanding

accomplishments, and they are indeed outstanding, with well

deserved pride, there was an eagerness and desire to learn how

the work can be Improved, how accomplishments can be increased,

and how the results can be applied in industry more effectively,

immediately, and extensively. The unsuccessful attempts to

obtain a Director of Research for ATIRA has given some concern

to members of the staff and there was great hope that one

would be obtained soon and provide strong leadership, guidance,

understanding, encouragement, and stimulation. Appeals were

even made to the writer to reconsider this matter*

The work in all Departments of ATIRA seemed very impressive.

Although several hundred reports have been issued, primarily

for the benefit of the members of ATIRA, a much wider dissemination is not only justified but very highly desirable and

it is hoped that a more liberal publication policy will become

effective* The following are typical of ATIRA 8 s work:

Nature and Incidence of End Breaks and Their Effect on

Production in Minding, Warping, and Weaving

Elimination of Third Passage of Drawing

Mill Spinning with Small Samples of Cotton

Some Advantages of Introducing Statistical Investigation in

Textile Mills
• 38-

Quality Control in Blowing Boom and Its Effect on Production

in Subsequent Processing

Applications of Statistical Methods to Textile Industry

Introduce Quality Control and Avoid Undue Adjustments

An Evaluation of Existing Time Study Methods in Assessment

of Workload

The Effect of Increased Illumination on Production and

Damages in Loomshed

Comparison of Productivity in the Different Mills of the

Ahmedabad Textile Industry

The Group Norm Chart Method as an Ineentii’-e to Increase

Production In the Loom Shed

Motivation to Work: An Improvement in Motivation to Work

of Winders and Warpers and Its Effect on Loomshed

Efficiency

An Analysis of the Attitudes of the Textile Workers and the

Effect of these Attitudes on Working Efficiency

Job Evaluation: An Analysis of the Existing Wage Structure

in the Ahmedabad Textile Industry

Workloads and Working Conditions in the Ahmedabad Textile

Industry

Applications of Psychology to Industry

Determination of Optimum Size on Warp and Variations found

In Warp Sizing

Determination of the Optimum Conditions for Desizing Agent*

A Study of the Factors Affecting the Bleaching of Cotton

Textiles with Hypochlorite Solutions

Commercial Cotton Bleaching Processes and their Effect on

Fabrics

A Study of Tamarind Kernel Powder as a Sizing Material for

Cotton Warps

A Study of the Effect of Hard Water on the Dyeing of Vat Dyes

Case Histories of Some Problems in Wet Processing of Cotton

Textiles

The Estimation of Dye Strength of Fabrics by Light Reflection

Effects of Launderings Perspiration*, and Light on Fabrics

Textile Auxiliaries

Solution of Cellulose in Sodium Zincate Containing Excess

Sodium Hydroxide

Recent Developments in the Finishing of Cotton Textiles

The Complex Diethanolamine Copper Hydroxide

Effect of Processing on Neps

Effect of Card Speeds and Settings on Reduction of Card Waste

Bibliography on Blending of Cotton: 1925“=1953

Bibliography on End Breaks In Different Processes of Textiles

1936-1952

.

Bibliography on Cotton Combers with Special Reference to

Adjustments , Settings and Patents: 1936->1952

Bibliography on Labor Redeployment Wages „ Works tudy, and

Time and Motion Study with Special Reference to

Textile Industry
•39-

There Is an Ideal situation and opportunity for the

establishment of an. outstanding textile educational program

of high level under a cooperative arrangement between ATIRA

and Gujarat University, similar to the arrangement between

Princeton University and Textile Research Institute and to

the arrangement between Gujarat University and the Physical

Research Laboratory „ In such an arrangement the courses

of instruction would be by staff members of the University

and ATIRA, the research phases would be conducted at ATIRA,

and the graduate degrees would be granted by the University,

There is need for the training of highly qualified research

personnel in the field of textiles and this matter should

receive early and careful consideration. Such an arrangement

should be not only attractive to Gujarat University, but

would enhance the reputation of ATIRA. and of It'S staff, and it

would be very beneficial to the Textile Industry and thereby

aid and promote the National Economy of India,,

73 * Lectures and Discussions.^ Ahmedabad, India. October

ATIRA; “Physics of Textile Materials®

ATIRA; “Evaluation of Performance Properties of Fabrics

In Terms of Some Measurable Characteristics 11 Ahmedabad Millowners® Association;: “Trends in Current

Textile Research and Benefits to the Industry*1

Each lecture was attended by several hundred and was

followed by an extended discussion of mutual interest,

?4, Luncheon and Teas. ATIRA and Staff, Ahmedabad. India. October

3-7. 1955 . At a luncheon by ATIRA and at teas by staff members

opportunities were had to meet key people in more Informal

and relaxed situations for discussions of both technical,

social, and economic problems and these a re believed to have

been mutually beneficial and have led to better understanding,

and they were greatly appreciated and are highly treasured*

It was also possible to discuss the proposed itineraries for

the visits of Mehta, Chitale, and Shah to the United States

and to give suggestions and assistance, Mehta and Chitale

have now been In the United States for a number of months*

75 e Symposium. ATIRA. Ahmadabad. India, October 4. 1955 « A symposium was held among members of the ATIRA staff

and technical personnel from cotton mills from Ahmedabad*

After publication of results by Prof, J, Bogdan, of N e C 0 State

College concerning studies on neps and- their control and on

the reduction in card waste by setting and speed changes of
40.

the ' card, a cooperative study was undertaken by ATIRA and

a number of cotton mills In Ahmedabado At this symposiums

the^first results of this study were presented and discussed*,

In the main, these preliminary results confirmed those re®

ported by Prof D Bogdan, namely that the card waste is mater i®

ally reduced, neps were red$.@ed, and the yarn was stronger

and more uniform,, There was much interest in this work

because of the large potential savings to the Indus try 0 Participation in this symposium was very gratifying in view

of my personal contact and close association with the work

at NoCo State College and it was also stimulating to witness

the application of research results in another country almost

Immediately after publication (March 1955) in the United States*

It is also a typical example of applied research at ATIRA

for immediate use and benefit to the industry

„

76* Physical Research Laboratory, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad ,

Dr* K 0 R„ Ramanathan, Director and Professor of Atmospheric

Physics

Dr„ V, D* Desai, Professor in Electronics

The Physical Research Laboratory was established in 1947

and its present new and excellent facilities were completed

in 1954 on a site adjoining ATIRA and Gujarat University, The

two story building contains 14 research rooms, library, read**

ing room, seminar room with 75 seating accommodation, dark

room, workshop, carpentry shop, store, and preparation section*

The Laboratory is recognized for research and for the trainr?

ing of students for the Sc* and the Ph*D„ degrees at the

Gujarat University „ It has a research staff of about 40

engaged in the Departments of Atmospheric Physics, Cosmic Ray

Physics, Theoretical Physics, and Radlo^Physics and Electronics,

About 20 percent of the research staff have Ph,D* degrees,

50 percent M 0 Sc r degrees, and 30 percent B, S.c 0 degrees

„

Since 1950 over 20 advance degrees have been granted of which

about 1/3 were Ph*D„ and 2/3 M* Sc* It was a privilege to

observe the research facilities and to discuss the research

programs* The problems being investigated are as follows l Radiosonde ascends for study of upper air conditions

Studies in atmospheric ozone

Studies of twilight sky intensities

Periodic variations of cosmic ray intensity

Me teorolcgical factors effecting the daily variations of

cosmic ray intensity

Studies on the anisotropy of the primary cosmic radiation

Size of the atomic nucleus

Systematic study of the ionosphere

Measurement of ionospheric winds
«4:u

The publications for 1953 are listed below and they

are typical of the work of the Laboratory:

Daily Variation of Meson Intensity and its Possible Solar

Origin,, %ture, 171 . 122 (1953).

Meteorological and Extra-Terrestrial Causes of the Daily

Variation of Cosmic Ray Intensity, Proc 8 Ind. Acad*

Sci., Ay 22*287 (1953).

Height Distribution of Atmospheric Ozone* Proc. Ind, Acad.

Sci., Ay 22* 321 (1953).

Worldwide Effects of Continuous Emission of Cosmic Rays from

the Sun* Phys, Rev,, 90 , 204 (1953).

Effects at Godhavn and Lower Latitudes of Changes in Energy

and Composition of Solar Cosmic Rays, Phys, Rev., £i,6oo (1953)

Interpretation of the Dally Variation of Meson Intensity.

Report of Internaional Congress on Cosmic Radiation held

at Bagneres«-de«Bigorre, 33 , July 1953®

Effects of the Geomagnetic Field on Solar Cosmic Rays.

Phys e Rev,, 92 , 415 (1953).

Some Interesting Atmospheric Soundings of Pressure and

Temperature made with Vaisala Radiosondes at Ahmedabad.

Proc® Ind, Acad. Sci„, A. 38, 327 (1953).

Daily Variation of the Amount of Ozone in the Atmosphere.

Nature , 172, 632 (1953).

The Quantum Mechanical Equations of Motion and the Commutation

Relations . Proc, Phys® Soc* (London), A, j66, 657 ( 1953).

The Born Yang Nuclear Model for High Energy Electron Scatter*.

ing* Proc* Phys. Soc e (Lond 0 ), A, 66, 773, (1953).

Jastrow® s Nuclear Model for High Energy Nuclear Scattering.

Proc. Phys* Soc (Lond, ), A, 66,, 1276, (1953).

Mill Conferences and Visits. Ahmedabad. India, October

Calico Mills, Shri Gautara Sarabhai, Chairman

Jethalal Thacker, Works Manager

Technical Staff

Jubilee Mills, B, B„ Mitra, Manager

Avind Mills, Manager and Technical Staff

Ahmedabad Millowners® Association, Madanmohan Mangaldas,

President

The Ahmedabad Millowners® Association is comprised of

over 70 mills equipped with 2,200,000 spindles, 47,000 looms

producing 1,200,000,000 yards annually, and employing 150,000

workers® The Calico and Avind Mills visited are each equipped

with about 100,000 spindles and equivalent number of looms.

From the discussions it was apparent that management and

technical staff were progressively minded and anxious to

employ quality control techniques, apply the results of
•42®

research, and to try Improved processing methods. There were

complaints that the cotton that was imported from the United

States was not processing satisfactorily and yielded textile

products of Inferior quality. This experience has given

rise to some concern in view of the generally good reputation

of American grown cotton. There were no satisfactory reasons

given for these conditions and it would seem advisable to

investigate the causes for them.

ATIRA Staff Conference. Ahmedabad. India. October 7. 1955 . A final conference was had with the senior research

staff of ATIRA and it was felt that, eventhough the

visit was entirely too brief, the opportunities to discus*

a great variety of textile research problems resulted in

mutual benefits, better understanding, closer friendships,

and genuine desire for continued exchange of textile

research informat ion*
43

79 o Pakistan Central Cotton Committee Laboratory, Karachi, Pakistan .

Dr. M. Kamal, Technical Secretary

Mr. Jo A. Phatty, Technologists

The new laboratory has been constructed under the

direction of Dr„ Nazir Ahmad, formerly director of the

laboratory at Matunga, Bombay 0 The new building was completed

over a year ago and a large number of excellent laboratory

instruments and also cotton processing machinery have been

purchased. For the most part much of this equipment still

remains unused and no processing machines have been connected

for operation. Lack of technical personnel, direction, power

supply, and utilities appear to hinder the work. The wonderful facilities and laboratories should be utilized as soon as

possible to assist the cotton textile industry of Pakistan,

Dr. John Wright of the U.S. Department of Agriculture was

stated to have accepted the position as Director of Research,

80 o Pakistan Wool Grading and Testing Institute. Karachi. Pakistan . October 8. 1955 , Dr, Israr«ul«Haq, Director

The Pakistan Wool Grading and Testing Institute was

established in 1953 and laboratory and testing facilities

were provided in 1954 on a site adjoining the new Cotton

Laboratory. Some 30 , 000,000 pounds of wool are produced

annually In Pakistan and the bulk of this is exported. Much

of it Is coarse carpet wool. The export market was essentially

lost because of inadequate classing and grading of the wool.

The Wool Grading and Testing Institute was founded to establish

standards for classing and grading and this has been accomplished,

following very closely those established in the United States,

Inspectors were trained and then stationed at various inspection

centers of the wool growing districts. The inspection service

is stated to function very successfully and the export wool

market has been essentially recaptured as a result. The

classes and grades assigned to the wool at the inspection centers meet the established standards and are accepted abroad.

The Institute has undertaken testing and research with the

aim of producing higher quality wool.

81, Pakistan International Industrial Fair. PIXF, Karachi. Pakistan . October 8. 1955 , At the suggestion of the U.S. Embassy official in Delhi

in charge of International Exhibitions in Asia, the Pakistan

International Industrial Fair was visited on Saturday evening
, 44-

to observe the reactions of the public and also to view the

industrial exhibits of other countries. The attendance

exceeded the exhibition facilities. The largest exhibition

facilities were those of Russia, China, and Pakistan. Then

followed those of the United States and Japan. The Russian

and Chinese exhibitions were dominated by industrial and

agricultural machinery and tools and the public reaction

appeared impressive.

The exhibition of Pakistan featured native resources,

culture, arts, crafts, and manufactured products. The Director and Chief Physicist of the recently established Pakistan

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, C.S.I.R., explained the exhibits and stated that the functions C*S.I.R.

cover a wide range of activities, generally directed towards

the promotion and fostering of scientific research having a

bearing on the industrial development of Pakistan and the

utilization of its natural resources to the best economic

advantage. Side by side with fundamental research on a number of problems, developmental research and applied research

are also being carried on in the Central Laboratory at Karachi

and the Regional Laboratories in Lahore, Peshawar, and Dacca,

An extension of its program for research development, C.S.I.R,

has also sponsored a. number of specific research schemes at

the laboratories of various Universities and Research Institutions of Pakistan. Unfortunately time did not permit to

accept the invitation to visit the Central Laboratory at

Karachi, which is the Pakistan equivalent of NBS,

The main attraction of the U.S. Exhibition was a TV studio

consisting of a glass enclosed and elevated stage for life

performances and televising. A number of TV screens were

mounted on the enclosure so that the public could observe the

life performance and at the same time also view the performance

on the TV screens. Additional TV screens were set up at many

strategic points of the exhibition grounds. As far as public

reactions and responses were concerned, to a typical square

dance performance, they appeared to be the most impressive by

far. The facilities for housing and displaying other excellent U.S. exhibits were inadequate to accommodate the crowd.

However, the routing of the people from entrance to exit was

good, not followed in exhibits of other countries, so that an

individual obtained at least a fairly good glimpse of the

diverse and excellent exhibition items.
-45-

82. U.S. Operations Mission to Pakistan. Karachi. Pakistan . October 10. 1955 * Roswell H 8 Whitman, Deputy Director for Program

An informal verbal report was made concerning the observations of the visits in Pakistan and current problems were

discussed. Mr. Whitman mentioned that as part of their program there is need for qualified scientists to make surveys

of the research and standardization facilities of Pakistan

and he expressed the hope that some time in the future the

National Bureau of Standards might be able to help this

program in Pakistan.

83 • Annual Leave Status. October 11-21. 1955 . During the travel from Karachi, Pakistan to Ghent,

Belgium, although on an annual leave status, opportunities

were had for several scientific contacts in Switzerland and

Germany and these are briefly described.

84. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Zurich. Switzerland . October YJ

,

j-955 » Professor Emil Honegger

Discussed textile research problems and visited laboratories and observed operation of a new Swiss loom. Saw a new

Mettler precision balance which is much preferred to a previously used excellent raicrobalence , because of its much

greater speed and ease of weighing. Reprints of the following

recent publications were obtained:

The Uster Instrument for the Stapling of Cotton and

Rayon Fibers

Neuere Erkenntnisse uber das Trocknen von Textilien

Technical Developments Contributing to Greater Efficiency

in Weaving

Neue Fortschritte in der Baumwollspinnerei

85* Zellweger Ltd. Uster. Switzerland. October 18. 1955 . Hans Locher, Development Engineer

The facilities (all very modern and many automatic) for

manufacturing the well known line of Uster Instruments and

Equipment for Textiles were observed and the new developments

were explained. The automatic yarn tester for strength and

elongation is now provided for automatically removing the

specimens from ten different bobbins, graphically record the

strength and elongation of each specimen, summarize the
«ah6—

strength values, and also give a frequency distribution of

the strength values* The Us ter Yarn Evenness Tester has

been provided with a mechanical-elec tronic spectrograph

for automatically separating the innumerable repeating

periodicities that comprise the ’’character'1 of yarn, roving,

and sliver. The predominating periods and their frequency

length are easily read from the spectrograph chert making it

possible to identify the causes for the variations in processing and for effecting corrective adjustments or actions.

A special mechanical commutator disk containing 32 elements

forms an essential component for translating the periodic

variation information into 36 electronic memory circuits.

Another new modification is the "Hy-Lo* counter which Indicates

at a glance the exact number of thick and thin places and neps,

slubs and nubs. The deviation from the mean necessary to trip

the two counters is adjustable. Technical literature describing

these and other instruments was obtained,

86 . Neuss Chemical Institute. University of Heidelberg. Heidelberg . Germany. October 20. 1955 . Professor H. Zahn

The new facilities of the Institute and the research

programs in protein chemistry of over 20 graduate students

for Ph.D. degrees were explained. These new facilities are

by far the most modern and well equipped for fundamental

research. Similar new facilities of other Departments of

the University have also been erected on the new site.

87 o Text!] -Praxis. Heidelberg. Germany. October 20. 1955»

Curt Mierlsch, Editor

Translations of NBS Research Papers RP 2589, 2590, snd

2601 on "Stress- strain relationships in yarns subjected to

rapid impact loading" were discussed, A translation of

RP 2589 appeared in the November 1955 issue of TextilPraxis. The editor expressed a desire to publish other

papers from NBS on textile research,

88. Mellland Textilberichte . Heidelberg. Germany. October 20. 1955 « Manfred Mellisnd, President

Current textile research projects, facilities, and

research personnel were discussed. Me 11 land has moved into

new and expanded quarters and are also pub lishing,, technical

books. A complimentary copy of "Technologie der Farberei und

Textilveredlung* by Dr. Albert Schaeffer, Farbwerke Hoechst

A.G., was obtained, Mr. Melliand requested permission to

publish research papers from the Textiles Section of NBS.
-47-

89 o Zellwolle-Lehrsplnnerei , Denkendorf, Germany, October 21, 1955 . Dr* N„ Reinfeld, Director of Research

Mr. Quass, Machinery Development

The Ze'llwolle-Lehrspinnerei was a leading textile research

organization in Germany at the end of World War II. It is

primarily a producer of spun rayon yarns and blends, having over

twice its 19^5 spinning capacity,

90 . Staatl o Technikum fflr Te xtllindus trle-Textilingenleurschule

,

Reutlingen, Germany, October 21, 1955 . Prof. Schenkel, Director

Prof, Oeser, Textile Technology

Prof. Rath, Textile Chemistry

Prof. Wilhelm, Textile Physics

The school has acquired many new facilities since the last

visit in 1950 , including a very modern new building for textile

physics and testing. Prof. Schenkel is the new Director, who

succeeded the well known Prof. F. Walz.

9 1 « Schlos s-Hohenstein Textile Institute, Hohenstein, Germany , October 22_, 1955 - Prof. 0. Mecheels, Director

Senior Research Staff

The institute was established in 19^5 in. severely damaged

buildings. Since the last visit in 19^5 the damaged buildings

have been repaired and rebuilt. The Schloss itself provides

laboratory facilities for microscopy, X-rays, physiological

studies of clothing, a dry cleaning and pressing plant, lecture

hall, administration, and also very excellent living accommodations for the Director. The new building includes a chemical

laboratory for 70 students and a two-story garment manufacturing

and sewing facility for instruction and production. The bombedout building has been rebuilt into a large lecture and motion

picture auditorium. The income from the dry cleaning, garment

manufacturing, and theater units provide enough income to support

the educational, research, and testing urograms of the institute.

An illustrated and extemporaneous lecture was given, in German,

concerning the work on "Stress- strain relationship in yarns under

rapid Impact loading" at the special request of the Director.

9 2 o University of Ghent, Ghent. Belgium. October 24, 1955 . Prof. Emeritus D. DeMeulemeester

Prof. Gilbert Raes

Senior Textile Research Staff
-48- Georges Quintelier, Research Director, Fabelta Rayon

Company, Zwijnaarde , Belgium

The research, testing, and new processing facilities for

cotton were observed and discussed as well as International

standards for textiles. An illustrated lecture to the research

staff and a class of graduate engineering students was given

concerning the work on tress- strain relationship in yarns

under rapid impact loading* at the special request of Prof.

BeMeulemeester . In connection with the proposed Internat ional

Exhibition at Brussels, the scale model of a proposed permanent tower building was examined. This tower was designed by

the Faculty on Structural Engineering of the University of

Ghent. The design of the tower is for ''Pre-e tressed* concrete

construction and calls for a height of 1800 feet with a square

base of 100 feet. In order to carry the load of the tower,

the supporting ceiling beams and walls of the ground story

are 8 feet thick, and they taper gradually to 2-1/2 feet for

the top story. Permission to erect the tower had not been

given by the aeronautical authorities of Belgium.

93 . Cotonni^re Nouvelle Orleans, Ghent. Belgium. October 24. 1955 .

H . Brass eur , M anager

The cotton manufacturing facilities of this well organised mill were described ana observed as well as the standards

of quality and methods to control quality.

94 . S . A, Cotonnikre , Ghent. Belgium. October 25, 1955 . Mr. A. Yanden Abeele, General Director

New theories, methods, and procedures for quality control were discussed. Mr. Yanden Abeele is a leading authority in this field, and he expressed a desire to make contact

with individuals in the United States who would be interested

in the mathematical theories and procedures. Even as far

back as the previous visit and discussions in 1950 he emphasized the need for minimizing the time between production,

evaluation of the product for quality control, identifying

source in processing that causes variation beyond control

limits, and effecting corrective action in mill. Appropriate

procedures, modification of testing equipment, and analysis

of results to accomplish the above have been successfully

developed and applied for a number of years in their Ghent

mill, which is without question one of the most modern mills

in Europe. The analysis of data is accomplished without any

computations, and a concise visual summary is depicted in

such a way to suggest also the source and cause of trouble,

if any. This mill had just been completed at the time of the

previous visit in 1950. It was one of the first buildings of

01 Pre- stressed* concrete construction and was equipped with

new high production textile processing
- 49 -

machinery- It was explained that the mill has run continuously

three shifts per day, and production has been so successful

that another mill, designed along similar lines, is nearing

completion at Breugge. The mill appeared to run as smoothly

as during the 1950 visit. Mr. Van den Abeele is also an active

and leading participant in International Standards for Textiles.

The following reprints were obtained:

Un Nouveau Schema D'Epreuves Repetees et son application

^1* analyse statistique des variations de structure des

fils textiles composes de fibres.

L f Irregularite De Titre Des Fils Textiles Composes Des Fibres.

Reflexions au sujet des concepts utilises pour exprirner

1

1 irregularity des fils textiles.

Recommendation pour la standarisations des nouveaux titres.

(BISFA, Bureau International Pour La Standardisation De

La Rayonne Et Des Fibres Synthetiques)

.

. Textile Research Department, Algemene Kunstzijde Unie N.V.,

Arnhem, Holland, October 26, 1955~*

R. Levison, Director of Research

Dr. Ho L. Roder

Dr . J . Lako

Dr 0 Vo Eo Gonsalves

Dr, Ho DeVries

The excellent research, testing, and processing facilities

for textiles were observed and discussed, especially new

instruments and methods for fiber and yarn evaluation and research pertaining to dynamic, optical, and electrical

properties of fibers. Of particular interest were two new

electronic instruments. One is for automatically measuring

and recording the twist and irregularity of twist in tire cord

as the cord is drawn at high speed through a photo-electric

sensing element. Each turn of twist produces an electrical

pulse, and from the pulse frequency and cord speed the number

of turns of twist per unit length and irregularity of twist

are obtainable from the values recorded on a bank of pulse

frequency counters. The other instrument is a new improved

"Vibrascope" called "No-Look" for measuring the denier of single

fibers. The original Vibrascope was developed by Dr. Gonsalves

during the last war and is used internationally for denier

measurements of fibers. However, the procedure is tedious and

strenuous since the operator has to observe the fiber optically

and decide from the visual appearance of the vibrating fiber

when resonance is attained as the input frequency is varied.

The new improvement performs this operation quickly and automatically and the denier of the fiber is simply obtained from

a meter reading. Descriptions of these and
-50-

other instruments and techniques have now been published in

recent issues of Rayon Revue. It was stated that effective

and permanent anti-static finishes have been developed for

textiles. An illustrated lecture on "Stress-strain relationship in yarns subjected to rapid impact loading" was given to

the research staff of over 100.

96 . Midland Hotel, Manchester. England. October 27. 1955 . Mr. Donald Garrett, Physicist, ICI, discussed the arrangements which were made by the ICI staff for the visits in England

and including five lectures on the MBS impact studies of textiles.

9? . British Rayon Research Association Laboratories. Manchester , England, October 28.

Drs. Treloar, Wallis, Cowhig, and Tankard

The new laboratories were completed early in 1955 . The

excellent research and processing facilities for synthetic

textiles were observed and discussed. In addition to an extensive program of research in the fields of chemistry and

physics there is much work in basic studies of textile processing machinery. In the latter there are extensive applications of electronics. The following reprints were obtained

and are typical of some of this research activity:

An Autocorrelograra Computer

Yarn Irregularity Picture Recorder (Yarn Patterning

Predictor)

The Mechanical Efficiency of Pneumatic Shuttle Propulsion Loom

Electronic Yarn Tension Recording Equipment

An Electronic Loom Timing Indicator

An illustrated lecture on "Stress-strain relationships in

yams subjected to rapid Impact loading" was given to the research staff of over 200.

98 . Manchester College of Technology. Manchester. England . October 29. 1955 . Professors Meredith, Hearle, Peters, and Turner

The Textile Department of the College is undergoing an

extensive construction of new facilities for fiber processing, dyeing, and finishing. Most of the dyeing and finishing

equipment was already installed. The well-known and outstanding research studies on the electrical properties of textiles

and the stress-strain relationships in yarns when testing over

a very wide range of rate of straining were discussed with

Professors Hearle and Meredith respectively. A great deal of

this excellent work has already been published.
- 51'

99 . Imperial Chemical Industries. I.C.I.. Blackley. Manchester. England . October 31, 1955 .

Mr. George White, Director

Dr. T. Vickerstaff, Chief Dyer

Dr. Bartlett, Mr. Garrett, and Mr 0 Cross

Current research problems of mutual interest were discussed.

The studies in the I.C.I. laboratories are primarily of a chemical

nature pertaining to dyeing and dyestuffs, since the researches

on mechanical properties and performance evaluation of textiles

are now conducted in the new laboratories of the Terylene Council

at Harrogate. The following reprints were obtained and are typical

of current research activities:

A Nonpolarizing Light Modulator for the G. E. Recording

Spec tropho tome ter

Some Applications of Organic iso-Cyanates

.

Azoic Dyeing of Acetate Rayon.

Some Factors in the Measurement of Affinities of Vat Dyes for

Cellulose

.

The Use of Fading Lamps for Determining Light Fastness.

Affinity Effects during Padding.

The Behaviour of Leuco Vat Dyes above 100 °C.

The Affinities of Vat Dyes in Relation to their Constitutions.

The Dyeing of Mixtures of Terylene Polyester Fiber and Wool.

The Relation of the Reflectance of Dyed Fabrics to Dye Concentrations and the Instrumental Approach to Colour

Matching.

100. Shirley Institute, Manchester. England. October 31. 1955 . Drs. Toy, Hill, Collins, Tipton, Rees, and Polllt.

The new laboratories and facilities were observed and research

problems of mutual interest were discussed. The excellent work on

dynamic modulus of yarns as a function of strain by Dr. Tipton and

on soiling of textile materials by Dr. Rees were of special interest.

The results of the early work in these fields are now being published. An Illustrated lecture on "Stress-strain relationships

in yarns subjected to rapid Impact loading" was given to about 100

members of the research staff.

101.

Wool Industries Research Association Laboratories. Leeds. England . November 1„ 1955.

Dr. A„ B. D„ Cassie, Director

Drs. Anderson, King, and Wlldraan.

The new laboratories and facilities were observed and research

programs pertaining to abrasion resistance and soiling of carpets^
-52-

structure of wool fiber, infra-red reflecting microscope for

fiber, and grating infra-red spectrograph were discussed. The

basic work on chromatography was done in the Association's

laboratories by Drs . Martin and Synge, for which they received

the Nobel Prize. Two new developments in wool processing,

the Auto-Leveller and the Auto-Gount, were seen in operation.

In the Auto-Leveller the ins tantaneous linear fiber density

of a wool sliver or roving is measured, and the information

is retained in a mechanical memory device as the sliver is

passed through the sensing element to the drafting rollers

at regular processing speed. When the evaluated material

arrives at the drafting rollers, its speed is automatically

adjusted in accordance with the linear fiber density, so that

after fiber drafting the linear fiber density of the roving or

yarn is constant. The Auto-Leveller thus makes a uniform

product regardless of the non-uniformity of the product before

drafting. The Auto-Gount is an attachment to the card in

worsted spinning which assesses the linear fiber density of

the card webbing and automatically adjusts the speed of the

card to produce a uniform worsted yarn. Both of these developments are considered very important to the wool industry.

The laboratories are equipped with excellent mechanical and

electronic shop facilities for specialized instrumentation.

102 . Department of Textiles Industries. Leeds University. Leeds , England, November 2, 1955 . Professors Speakman, Astbury, Whewell, Nissan, Woods,

Chamberlain, Onions, Peters, Vallentine, and Hannah

Discussed the broad research activities concerning protein chemistry, X-ray investigations , electron microscopy of

fibers, rheology of polymers, physical testing of textiles,

finishing and dyeing of textiles, processing engineering,

dynamic modulus of fibers by sonic measurements, and mathematical treatments concerning movements of fibers in drafting

and spinning processing. The latter is a very important and

challenging study. A large new building is nearly completed

to relieve the crowded conditions of the extensive research

and educational activities in textiles. It was a great

privilege to give an illustrated lecture to a staff of over

100 on "Stress-strain relationships in yarns subjected to

rapid impact loading".

103. Terylene Council Research Laboratories, I.C.I.. Harrogate . England. November 3. 1955 . Drs. Hill, Carlene, Hillier, Ford, and Senior Research

Staff Members.

The facilities for basic research of high polymers,
-53-

properties of synthetic fibers, yarns, and fabrics, processibility of fibers and blends, spinning of fibers from new

polymers in a pilot spinning plant, and performance evaluation

of finished textiles made from the experimental fibers are

housed in a group of new buildings. Excellent facilities in

all areas of research are available as well as a large staff

of able scientists and technologists. In the limited time

available it was only possible to observe a small amount of

the excellent research facilities and to discuss a few areas

of research. There was considerable interest in the illustrated lecture on "Stress-strain relationships in yarns subjected to rapid impact loading," and several members are

active in similar studies.

10h„ Research Laboratory. Courtaulds , Limited, Maidenhead. Berk- shire. England. November 4. 1955 . Drs. Bamford, Elliott, Crank and others from Maidenhead

Dr. Morton from Courtaulds Booking Laboratory at Braintree

Dr. Cotton and others from Courtaulds Coventry Laboratory

r-> ;•

. ; r r >y ;

•• The research program of the Courtaulds Laboratory at

Maidenhead is concerned primarily with fundamental and theoretical problems. The staff of relatively young and very

able Scientists maintain close contact with the Courtaulds

Laboratories for applied research at Coventry and at Locking,

and this leads to early application and verification of the

basic research results. For example, the results of the

theoretical studies contained in the following reprints

The Effect of Cap-Edge Friction on Spinning

A Theoretical Investigation of Cap and Ring Spinning

Systems

Balloon Diameters and Thread Tensions Calculated for

Different Cap-Spinning Conditions

were almost immediately checked in the Booking Laboratories

under regular mill operating conditions. The basic infrared investigations of polymer by Dr. Elliott are well known.

The work on synthetic polypeptides is outstanding. Of

particular interest was the application of the optical diffractometer in the study of the molecular structure of synthetic polypeptides. Scale models of the spatial molecular

configuration are constructed, and optical projection diagrams : of the model are made in a plane surface. From these

diagrams replicas are made on a thin plate of metal by drilling tiny holes of corresponding diameters in corresponding

positions of the several images in the plane. The optical

diffraction patterns of the replicas are then obtained and
-54-

photographed, and these patterns are equivalent to X-ray

diagrams of the molecular structures simulated by the models.

By this technique systematic studies can be made by varying

the scale model according to a planned system of changes in

molecular structure. The optical diffraction patterns of

scale models of o<f and keratin were shown to be remarkably

similar, in fact identical, to the X-ray diagrams of and

^keratin. This technique, described by A. W. Hanson. H.

lipson, and C. A. Taylor, Proc. Roy. Soc., A218, 3?1 ‘1953),

is considered a very powerful tool for basic studies of the

structure of organic materials and of proteins in particular.

It was an honor to give an illustrated lecture on "Stressstrain relationships in yarns subjected to rapid impact

loading" to a staff of over 100 from the three Courtaulds

Laboratories and to once more observe the great interest in

this work of the National Bureau of Standards.

105 . General Comments

It is estimated that close to 40,000 miles were travelled

by air, tourist class, in less than 100 days. During this

time it was possible to participate in discussions at over 100

meetings, conferences, research institutions , universities,

plant visits, and other technical functions, and to give over

20 lectures to a total of several thousand people. To attain

this goal necessitated very careful planning and strict adherence to the rigid schedule, even if it meant considerable

personal discomfort or expense. However, the attainment of

this goal would not have been possible without the splendid

cooperation and. assistance of very many individuals before

and during the visits, and their collective help is gratefully

acknowledged and deeply appreciated. In these visits it was

possible to meet personally over a thousand scientists, technologists, executives, and men of many other occupations. The

discussions of a great variety of scientific and technical

subjects were immensely stimulating and thought-provoking and

of great educational value. On the other hand, one felt very

humble in his own contributions. However, honest and frank

exchange of technical information resulted in better and

sympathetic understanding and the establishment of friendly

and personal acquaintances that will deepen and become more

valued with time. So it is with a deep feeling of gratitude

that I record my great appreciation to the Officials of the

National Bureau of Standards and of the International Cooperation Administration, as well as to the many individuals in

the countries visited, for making this trip possible and so

valuable

.

Herbert P. Schiefer
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March

3, 1901, as amended hv Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and

maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods

for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials,

devices, and structures; advisory services to Government Agencies on scientific and technical

problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the

development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied

research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and

various consultation and information services. A major portion of the Bureau’s work is performed

for other Government Agencies, particularly the Department of Defense and the Atomic Energy

Commission. The scope of activities is suggested bv the listing of divisions and sections on the

inside of the front cover.

Reports and Publications

The results of the Bureau’s work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or published papers and reports. Reports are issued to the sponsoring agencv of a particular project

or program. Published papers appear either in the Bureau’s own series of publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three monthly periodicals, available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, which presents

complete papers reporting technical investigations: the Technical News Bulletin, which presents

summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions,

which provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout

the world. There are also five series of nonperiodical publications: The Applied Mathematics

Series, Circulars, Handbooks, Building Materials and Structures Reports, and Miscellaneous

Publications.

information on the Bureau’s publications can be found in NBS Circular 160, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards ($1.25) and its Supplement ($0.75), available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

Inquiries regarding the Bureau’s reports should be addressed to the Office of Technical Information, National Bureau of Standards, Washington 25, D. C.